Proceedings Noite da Luz by Biblioteca FCT/UNL

BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS

NOITE DA LUZ, 2015 – Proceedings

NOITE DA LUZ 8th JUNE

Book of Proceedings UM POUCO DE CIÊNCIA AO LUSCO FUSCO

Caparica - Almada, Portugal

8th – June 2015

NOITE DA LUZ, 2015 – Proceedings

Sobre o Ano da Luz

A 20 de Dezembro de 2013, em sede de Assembleia Geral, a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) proclamou 2015 como o Ano Internacional da Luz (AIL), no sentido de celebrar, de modo alargado, os temas relacionados e baseadas na luz (International Year of Light - IYL 2015). A abrangência será grande: Arte, Cultura, Ciência, Educação, Tecnologia, Natureza, Energia, Agricultura, Saúde e Sustentabilidade. Reconhece-se, hoje, de forma bastante mediática que a luz (e sua utilização) revolucionou a medicina, abriu a comunicação internacional através da Internet e continua a ser essencial na ligação entre (e para) aspetos culturais, económicos e políticos da sociedade global. Em parceria com a UNESCO, diversas sociedades científicas, instituições educacionais, plataformas tecnológicas, organizações sem fins lucrativos e parceiros do setor privado, lançarão, no decurso do presente ano, múltiplas iniciativas em todo o mundo. Ao proclamar um Ano Internacional com enfoque numa temática Científica (bem como nas suas aplicações), as Nações Unidas reconheceram a importância de alertar (de forma global) a consciência geral relativamente à importância (e utilização) da luz. Tendo por base as tecnologias que promovem o desenvolvimento sustentável e fornecem soluções para os desafios globais, deve destacar-se que a luz desempenha um papel vital no nosso dia a dia, apresentando-se como área transversal à Ciência do (no) século XXI. Comemorar o Ano Internacional da Luz é uma oportunidade para garantir que os decisores de políticas internacionais, os fazedores de opinião e, obviamente, as partes interessadas, estejam cientes do potencial das “tecnologias” de luz na resolução de problemas de grande importância para a população mundial. Deste modo, em conjunto com setores departamentais, a Biblioteca da FCT no Campus de Caparica desenvolveu uma série de atividades que cobrem uma vasta gama de propostas. No dia 8 de Junho, uma noite inesquecível para celebrar a LUZ tem lugar no Campus. As atividades científicas, que acompanham muitas outras atividades lúdicas, estão reunidas neste livro na forma de resumos, contribuições de Pos-Doutorados, Alunos de Doutoramento e Mestrandos da FCT-UNL, sobre de experiências realizadas em torno da Luz (visível e invisível).

José J. G. Moura Carlos Lodeiro Ana Alves Pereira

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Oral Presentations

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O1 – Raman Spectroscopy Study of Cytochrome cd1 Nitrite Reductase Célia M. Silveira1,2, Peter Hildebrandt3, José J.G. Moura1, Isabel Moura1, M. Gabriela Almeida1 and Smilja Todorovic2 celia.silveira@fct.unl.pt 1

UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República -EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal

Institut für Chemie, Sektr. PC14, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany

Raman spectroscopy allows probing the vibrational energy levels in molecules, thereby providing important information on molecular structures. The technique involves shining a monochromatic light source (typically a laser) on a sample and detecting the scattered light. Herein we show the application of Raman spectroscopy in the study of the metalloenzyme cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase (cd1NiR). These proteins catalyze the one electron reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide in denitrifying microorganisms. cd1NiRs contain in each subunit one heme c, the electron transfer site, and one heme d1, which is exclusive to this class of enzymes and constitutes the active site where the reduction of nitrite takes place [1-2]. Due to their catalytic reaction, cd1NiRs are regarded as promising components for biosensing, bioremediation and biotechnological applications. We have used resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy to get insights into the structural features of Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus cd1NiR, as well as on its redox properties. Surface enhanced RR (SERR) spectroelectrochemistry was employed to characterize the enzyme adsorbed on biocompatible silver electrodes and evaluate the impact of the immobilization on its structural and thermodynamic properties. The obtained results shed light on the potential utilization of cd1NiRs in bioelectrochemical devices for biotechnological applications.

References [1] Cutruzzola, F.; Rinaldo, S.; Castiglione, N.; Giardina, G.; Pecht, I.; Brunori, M. BioEssays 2009, 31, 885-891. [2] Averill, B.A. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 2951-2964

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O2 - Liquid crystals and light: a powerful combination. Luis E. Aguirre1, Pedro L. Almeida1,2, Maria H. Godinho1 l.aguirre@fct.unl.pt 1

CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdadede Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal. 2Área Departamental de Física, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, ISEL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal.

Liquid crystals (LCs) are amazing materials highly sensitive to external fields, which are used for a wide range of applications, namely electro-optical devices, as the famous “Liquid Crystal Displays”, or LCD´s, and smart windows for buildings and cars. More recently, tiny fragile micro droplets of LCs, but extremely sensitive, were used as detectors [1, 2] and resonators [3]. These devices take profit of the fact that small LC order perturbations can extend over microns and be observed by a microscope or even by naked eye. In this presentation the main characteristics of LCs systems related to their optical appearance, under a polarizing optical microscope, and their response to an electric field will be highlighted. Moreover a small (3x2 cm2) electro-optical device (see figure) that can commutate from an opaque to a transparent state, by the action of an electric field, will be shown and the operating principle explained in detail.

Figure – Liquid crystal device a. off state; b. on state (note that the commutation time is of the order of some milliseconds. Acknowledgements FEDER through the COMPETE 2020 Program and National Funds through FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under projects UID/CTM/50025/2013 and PTDC/CTM-POL/1484/2012. References [1] I.-H. Lin, D. S. Miller, P. J. Bertics, C. J. Murphy, J. J. de Pablo, and N. L. Abbott, “Endotoxin-induced structural transformations in liquid crystalline droplets.” Science, vol. 332, p. 1297, 2011. [2] J.-H. Son, S.-J. Baeck, M.-H. Park, J.-B. Lee, C.-W. Yang, J.-K. Song, W.-C. Zin, and J.-H. Ahn, “Detection of graphene domains and defects using liquid crystals.” Nat. Commun., vol. 5, p. 3484, 2014. [3] M. Humar, M. Ravnik, S. Pajk, and I. Muševič, “Electrically tunable liquid crystal optical microresonators,” Nature Photonics, vol. 3, p. 595, 2009.

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O3 - Shining the light on Ângelo de Sousa Joana Lia Ferreira, Joana Silva, Sara Babo, Leslie Carlyle, Ana Ramos, Maria João Melo jlaf@fct.unl.pt Departamento de Conservação e Restauro and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Ângelo de Sousa (1938-2011) is a major Portuguese artist. He has contributed a broad legacy including painting, sculpture, drawing, film and photography. A non-profit association, NEÂdS – Núcleo de Estudos Ângelo de Sousa, was recently created in order to ensure access and to promote the study and conservation of his collection. A protocol has been established between FCT-UNL, represented by the Conservation and Restoration Department, and NEÂdS. Ângelo, throughout his whole life, did nothing but conceive sets of colour movements; he is a colourographer. A painter intoxicated with and addicted to colour: a chromo-addict [1]. Ângelo de Sousa intensively and consistently explored colour and light in all the art forms he worked with. This obsession lead him to the creation of colour with light alone using additive synthesis in works with photography and film [2]. When considering our field of conservation and conservation science, one may consider many light forms and many contributions of light. It is, after all, light that plays with the nature of materials revealing their colour. Light may also be absorbed by matter leading to its degradation, determining the life expectancy of a work of art. Light is also the source of fundamental analytical tools, making use of different regions of its spectrum (x-rays, UV, Vis, IR,) to characterise materials. The work of Ângelo offers a perfect example of how light becomes an art work, and how conservation research uses light to reveal art works.

Figure 1 – Untitled, 1979, 35 mm colour reversal film. Author‟s collection Acknowledgements Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, SFRH/BPD/51392/2011, SFRH/BD/52317/2013, SFRH/BD/52318/2013; REQUIMTE-LAQV funding UID/QUI/50006/2013; NEÂdS – Núcleo de Estudos Ângelo de Sousa References [1] Gil J. O experimentador do acaso. In: Pérez MvH, Ramos M, coord. Ângelo: 1993 uma antológica. Porto: Fundação de Serralves; 1993 p. 13-17. [2] Fernandes J. and Wandschneider M. “A Felicidade no gatilho”: entrevista a Ângelo de Sousa. In: Ramos M, ed. Ângelo de Sousa, sem prata. Porto: Edições Asa; 2001 p. 11-5.

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O4 – Light, a Powerful Analytical Tool for detection: Organic Versus Inorganic Dyes Elisabete Oliveira, PhD ej.oliveira@fct.unl.pt BIOSCOPE group, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Visible excitable organic dyes have been target of important studies, mainly due to their wide use in biochemistry, cellular biology and imaging, clinical diagnosis and drug discovery [1-3] However, highly conjugated organic dyes could present low aqueous solubility, and be an important limitation. In order to overcome this issue, several modifications in the molecular design, such as, introduction of aqueous soluble groups as amino acids, vitamins and other biological molecules, have been performed to increase the solubility [4,5]. On the other hand, inorganic nanoparticles, as silica, are also very appealing since it allows the functionalization of different organic dyes at surface, as well as, in the core, leading to emissive nanomaterials [6] . These nanomaterials are known to have low toxicity in compare with the organic dyes, and are inert. Due to their interesting properties, fluorescent inorganic fluorophores such as, quantum dots have emerged as an alternative to organic dyes. Quantum Dots (QDs) are known to be 100 times more stables and up to 20 times brighter than traditional fluorescent dyes [7]. QDs are highly photostable, have size-tunable emissions, broad absorption and a narrow emission spectra, long fluorescence lifetime, high quantum yield and high stability against photobleaching [8]. The major advantages of these inorganic nanoparticles are the possibility to be functionalizing at their surface with different targets and nanomaterials. Herein, we present a journey through different luminescent organic and inorganic fluorophores and their applications in analytical detection [9]. Acknowledgements

E. Oliveira acknowledges the post-doctoral grant from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-MEC) (Portugal) SFRH/BPD/72557/2010. Financial funds from the Scientific PROTEOMASS Association (Portugal) and LAQV/REQUIMTE (UID/QUI/50006/2013) and UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (UID/Multi/04378/2013) for general funding. References [1] Rettig W, et al. Applied Fluorescence in Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine, Springer: New York, 1999. [2] J. Rao, et al. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2007, 18, 17. [3] J. Zhang, et al. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002, 3, 906. [4] E. Oliveira, et al, Amino Acids, 2012, 43, 1779. [5] SPG Costa, et al, Sensors, 2007, 7, 2096. [6] (a) E. Oliveira, el al, Inorganic Chemistry, 2011, 50, 8834-8849. (b) C. I. M. Santos, et al, Inorganic Chemistry, 2013, 52, 8564-8572. [7] W. C. W. Chan, S. Nie, Science, 1998, 281, 2016. [8] U. Resch-Genger, et al, Nat. Methods, 2008, 5, 763. [9] (a) E. Oliveira, et al, Dyes and pigments, 2014, 110, 219. (b) C. Lodeiro, et al, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, 39, 2948.

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O5 – Using Light to Control Molecular Recognition Nuno Basílio and Fernando Pina nuno.basilio@fct.unl.pt LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Molecular recognition is ubiquitous in biological systems and is attracting increasing attention as a tool to develop functional self-assembled materials. The formation of hostguest complexes between macrocyclic host compounds and small molecules or ions has emerged as prime recognition motifs to operate in aqueous solutions where strategies that were shown to work in organic solvents (i.e hydrogen bonds) usually fail. Following our expertise in photochromic flavylium compounds, we have recently initiated a research program to develop stimuli-responsive host-guest complexes based on this class of compounds. Flavylium salts are particularly attractive due to their water-solubility, low toxicity and, more importantly, they are multistate compounds that can give rise to a series of other species upon external stimuli of pH, heat and light (Scheme 1). For most synthetic flavylium compounds, the trans-chalcone is the dominant species at moderately acidic or neutral pH values. This species can photoisomerize to the respective cis-isomers, which at sufficiently acidic pH values can give back flavylium cation as photoproduct, defining these systems as photochromic. By taking profit of the different binding affinities of macrocyclic host compounds (cyclodextrins and cucurbiturils) for the flavylium cation and the trans-chalcone species, flavylium-based photoresponsive host-guest complexes can be devised.

Scheme 1. Network of chemical reactions of 4’-hydroxyflavylium,

Acknowledgements N.B. thanks the FCT for Grant SFRH/BPD/84805/2012.

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O6 - Quantum interferences in photon scattering Pedro Amaro pdamaro@fct.unl.pt LIBPhys-UNL, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.

Following the commemorations of the 2015 Year of Light, we address in this presentation a subtle quantum effect that occurs in the process of light scattering by atoms, i.e., the process of absorption and emission of a photon that happens in resonant laser spectroscopy. This effect occurs due to the coherent interference between the main resonant path and other non-resonant paths, which lead to energy shifts that depend on the relative position of each resonance. This is an important yet frequently overlooked systematic in laser precision spectroscopy experiments [1, 2], which measure transition frequencies with uncertainties bellow 10-5 [3, 4]. High-precision spectroscopy of atomic systems is primarily devoted for the determination of fundamental physical constants; thus, a careful analysis of these quantum interference effects is mandatory. Here, we introduce the effects of such interference in laser spectroscopy of muonic atoms, which consists of an exotic muon and nucleus. Previous measurements of energy transitions by laser spectroscopy in these exotic atoms, conducted by the CREMA collaboration, lead to a determination of the proton radius with high accuracy [3]. Other measurements performed recently in muonic deuterium and muonic helium will give more accurate values of the deuteron and the alpha particle radius. Therefore, we discuss here the effect of quantum interference in several resonances of these systems, giving emphases to geometrical and polarization scenarios that minimizes it. Acknowledgements This research is supported by FCT Portugal, through a PosDoc contract No. SFRH/BPD/92329/2013. References [1] D. C. Yost, et al, Phys. Rev. A, 90, 012512 (2014). [2] R. C. Brown et al, Phys. Rev. A, 87, 032504 (2013). [3] R. Pohl, et al, Nature, 466, 213 (2010). [4] C. G. Parthey, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., 107, 203001 (2011).

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O7 – Doing Research with Invisble Light: EPR Spectroscopy (Microwave Radiation) Luisa Maia luisa.maia@fct.unl.pt UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Historically, it begun with the study of visible light, but presently several spectroscopic methodologies make use of other electromagnetic radiations to obtain different types of information. In Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we use microwaves to detect species that have unpaired electrons (by measuring the absorption of microwaves when the sample is placed in a magnetic field). This spectroscopy identifies paramagnetic species, providing valuable information regarding the nature, structure and environment of the unpaired electron(s). It can also give insights into dynamic processes such as molecular motions and fluidity. Species with unpaired electrons play crucial roles in an array of different processes, including oxidation/reduction and electron transfer, polymerisation reactions, catalysis, photosynthesis, among many others. This diversity turned the EPR spectroscopy into a versatile technique that has been used in the study of an unexpectedly large number of samples, coming from Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Biology, Medicine or Food Chemistry. In materials, unpaired electrons can be present, e.g., in defects that must be characterised. In biomolecules, the paramagnetic species are usually present "in the center of action", either (i) in organic radicals, such as ascorbyl, tocopheroxyl or nitric oxide radicals, that play crucial roles in many physiological (e.g., cell signalling) and pathological (e.g., ROS-mediated diseases) processes or (ii) in transition metal ions, such as Mo5+, Fe3+ or Cu2+, that are present in the active sites of key enzymes. Examples will illustrate the wide use of this spectroscopy.

Acknowledgements I gratefully acknowledge the support granted by Professors José J.G. Moura and Isabel Moura, from the "Biological Chemistry @ FCT/UNL" group. (http://sites.fct.unl.pt/biologicalchemistryatfctunl)

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O8 — Taking energy from light - nanophotonics in solar cells Manuel J. Mendes mj.mendes@fct.unl.pt CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal

We will explore the amazing possibilities that nanotechnology can bring to the field of solar electricity, known as photovoltaics (PV); namely the ability to nano-engineer materials at an almost atomic scale where nano-optical and quantum effects can play crucial roles and highly boost the sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency. Solar cell technology has still much room for improvement, as the efficiencies of conventional silicon cells (20-30%) are far below the physical limit of PV (86%). In conventional devices, most of the impinging solar energy is either not captured by the PV material or is wasted (e.g. producing heat). Recent nanotechnology advances have brought new solutions, as nanostructured materials can be designed to effectively interact with light in a much broader spectrum of photon frequencies, relative to conventional bulk semiconductors. Besides, nanophotonic structures incorporated in the cells are able to gather and trap light in the devices. As an example, the electromagnetic waves of sunlight can be harvested by sub-wavelength nano-antennas (see figure) and then trapped inside the cells‟ material until all their energy is converted to electrical current [1,2]. A key advantage of nanophotonics is that it enables the achievement of high efficiencies in low-cost thin film solar cells which can be integrated in different types of substrates (e.g. on clothes, roofs, paper, etc.), thereby extending PV to a wide range of consumer-oriented products [3]. Acknowledgements Manuel J. Mendes acknowledges funding from the EU Marie Curie Action FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF through the DIELECTRIC PV project (Grant No. 629370), from FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and throught FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the project UID/CTM/50025/2013. References [1] M. J. Mendes et al. Broadband light trapping in thin film solar cells with self-organized plasmonic nanocolloids. Nanotechnology, vol. 26, no. 13, p. 135202 (2015). [2] M. J. Mendes et al. Colloidal plasmonic back reflectors for light trapping in solar cells. Nanoscale, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 4796–4805 (2014). [3] H. Aguas et al., Silicon thin film solar cells on commercial tiles. Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 4620-4632 (2011).

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O9 — Electron Interactions With Biological Constituents as Secondary Effect of Ioninizing Radiation. Filipe Ferreira da Silva f.ferreiradasilva@fct.unl.pt Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Low energy electrons formed by the interaction of high energy radiation with biological matter are an important species for radiation damage on the molecular level. [1] Electron transfer and electron attachment processes are active in biological systems and recently, several studies have been performed in order to understand how the electron capture can dictate the fragmentation pattern of biological components. Indeed, site and bond selectivity have been shown, i.e., by tuning the collision energy, a selectivity for H– abstraction from the N1 site vs. the N3 site in the pyrimidine bases, as well as clear selectivity for the N-H vs the C-H bonds. [2] Moreover, NCO– formation from thymine, uracil and their methylated counterparts upon collisions with potassium atoms will be presented. To get insight into the fragmentation pathways and to elucidate site selective bond cleavage processes, 1-methylthymine (1-meT), 3methylthymine (3-meT), 1-methyluracil (1-meU) and 3-methyluracil (3-meU) were used to clearly distinguish between different sites. [3] Recent electron attachment studies to isolated pyrimidine and pure clusters and hydrated clusters will be presented. [4]

Acknowledgements

FFS acknowledge the FCT-MEC SFRH/BPD/68979/2010, UID/FIS/00068/2013 and PTDC/FIS- ATO/1832/2012 grants. This work also forms part of EU/ESF COST Nanoscale Insights into Ion Beam Cancer Therapy (Nano-IBCT) MP1002, and Chemistry for ELectronInduced NAnofabrication (CELINA) CM1301.Refe References [1] L. Sanche, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2009, 474, 1-6. [2] D. Almeida, F. Ferreira da Silva, G. García, P. Limão-Vieira, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 023201. [3] F. Ferreira da Silva, C. Matias, D. Almeida, G. García, O. Ingólfsson, H. D. Flosadottir, S. Ptasinska, B. Puschnigg, P. Scheier, P. Limão-Vieira and S. Denifl, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2013, 24, 1787 [4] M. Neustetter, J. Aysina, F. Ferreira da Silva and S. Denifl, Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 2015, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503733 and 10.1002/ange.201503733

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Poster Presentations 19

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At Vicarte, research unit of glass and ceramics for the arts, the intersections between art and science are a constant, with its study from an artistic, historical and material point of view. The Cultural Heritage group aims to be a reference in a framework of archaeometry and conservation science. Several Portuguese glass and stained glass collections are being studied with the use of several analytical techniques in order to better understand and evaluate their material characterization. With an historical research performed simultaneously, these collections can be put in context. The reproductions of several painting techniques applied on glass and stained glass are being preformed, with the use of traditional recipes from historical sources, to better understand the materials and technology applied for glass and stained glass production. Research in glass corrosion is also an important step to access which conservation methods can be applied. For this purpose, replica samples are being produced and studied by simulating the complex mechanisms of the corrosion of museum objects glass compositions, under lab conditions. Also, new and innovative conservation methods are being investigated, such as layer-bylayer optical sensors for the detection of indoor acid vapours present in museum environments, as also new materials for glass cleaning, with the development of luminescent Ionic Liquids for the cleaning of stained glass corrosion crusts. Aknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the support from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (grants SFRH/BD/84675/2012, SFRH/BD/78882/2011, SFRH/BD/72552/2010/, SFRH/BD/72808/2010). References:  Rodrigues, M. Vilarigues, M. F. Macedo, “Laboratory Induced Biodeterioration of Stained Glass by Fungi”. 2nd International Congress of Chemistry for Cultural Heritage 9-12 July 2012. Istanbul, Turkey.  Andreia Machado, Márcia Vilarigues, “Enamels in stained glass windows: a quest for blue”. Glass Science in Art and Conservation, University of Durham – 10th to 12th September 2014 (oral presentation).  Augusta M. Lima, Leandro Pinheiro, Carlo Pantano (2012). “Replicas of historical glazed tiles by inkjet printing” in Conferência Azulejar, Aveiro, 2012.  Coutinho, S. Coentro, T. Medici, L. C. Alves, M. Vilarigues. “Analysis of Medieval and post-Medieval glasses from the archaeological excavation at Avenida Miguel Fernandes in Beja (Portugal)” in Glass Science in Art and Conservation, University of Durham – 10th to 12th September 2014 (Oral presentation).  J. M. Delgado, A. Raymundo, M. Vilarigues, L. C. Branco, C. A. T. Laia. Characterization of a novel intrinsic luminescent room temperature ionic liquid based on [P6,6,6,14][ANS]. Chemistry, a European Journal. August 2014.

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P02 — Fluorescein-aminoacid based probes for detection of trivalente and Hg2+ ions. Augusto C. Gonçalves1,2, Viviane Pilla1,3, Elisabete Oliveira1, José Luis Capelo1, Carlos Lodeiro1, Alcindo A. Dos Santos2 aucegon@gmail.com 1

BIOSCOPE Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal 2 3

Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil

Application and development of new molecular fluorescent and selective probes for trivalent ions are still under development due to the practical occurrence of high levels of Al3+ and Fe3+ in the cerebral tissues of Parkinson´s and Alzheimer patients.1 However, the involvement of these metals in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases still not well understood.2 On the other hand, there is an increased effort for fluorescent probes for Hg detection in environmental sciences3 due to the high toxicity of mercury and its related compounds, even in low concentrations and the low detection limits of the fluorescence as an analytical technique.4 The present work reports the synthesis and application of new fluorescein-amino acid derivatives synthetized by the linkage via ester between the fluorescein ethyl ester in the sensing of trivalent ions (Al3+, Fe3+, Ga3+ and Cr3+) and Hg2+. Light studies using absorption and fluorescence techniques will be discussed. The best fluorescent probe for Hg detection and higher  values were obtained for Flu-S fluorescein-amino acid structure. Aknowledgements

E. Oliveira acknowledge the post-doctoral grant from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-MEC) (Portugal) SFRH/BPD/72557/2010. A. Gonçalves and V. Pilla thanks to CNPq/Brazil for the PhD and Postdoctoral grant respectively. Financial supported from the Scientific PROTEOMASS Association (Portugal), LAQV/REQUIMTE (UID/QUI/50006/2013) and UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (UID/Multi/04378/2013) are acknowledged. C. Lodeiro thanks to the CNPq Science without borders program (Brazil). References 1 (a) Santos, C. ; Oliveira, E. ; Menezes, J. ; Barata, J. ; Faustino, A. ; Ferreira, V. ; Caveleiro, J. A. ; Neves, M. G. ; Lodeiro, C., Inorg. Chim. Acta., 2014, 417, 148-154. (b) Oliveira, E. ; Santos, H. S. ; Capelo, J. L. ; Lodeiro, C. ; Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2012, 381, 203-211. 2 Li, X.; Wang, J.; Sun, L.; Wang. Z. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 988–990. 3 Boening, D. W. Chemosphere 2000, 40, 1335–1351. 4 (a) Nuñez, C.; Diniz, M.; dos Santos, A.; Capelo, J. L.; Lodeiro, C.; Dyes and Pigments, 2014, 101, 156-163, (b) Fernandez-Lodeiro, J.; Nuñez,C.; Fdez Lodeiro, A.; Oliveira, E.; Rodriguez Glez, B.; dos Santos, A.; Capelo, J.L.; Capelo, Lodeiro, C. J. Nano. Res., 2014, 16:2315.

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P03 — Quinine, the funny blue emissive element in GIN TONICS.

Catarina Pires, Jessica Mesquita, Mafalda Duarte, Catarina Rodrigues, Natacha Amaral, Carlos Lodeiro. MIEQB Students. Physical Chemistry Project. BIOSCOPE group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Quinine is a white crystalline alkoid that has several medical uses. It has antipyretic, antimalarial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties[1], and it can be identified in different beverages, like tonic water and bitter lemon, by its bitter taste. Quinine is no longer used as frequently in treating Malaria and other disease because it is a basic amine normally presented as a salt. There are various existing preparations of salts containing quinine, each one with different weight, making quinine dosing complicated[2][3]. This is a problem because over dosing of quinine can lead to serious life-threatening problems[4]. Quinine is highly fluorescent when mixed with a Sulfuric Acid solution. Its relativity constant and well-know fluorescent quantum yield, quinine is used in photochemistry as a common fluorescent standard [5].

Acknowledgements

Catarina Pires, Jessica Mesquita, Catarina Rodrigues, Mafalda Duarte, Natacha Amaral acknowledge Prof. Carlos Lodeiro for the oportinuty. Financial supported from funds from the Scientific PROTEOMASS Association (Portugal) are acknowledged. References [1] - Michelle Bryner, Live Science Contributor: What is Quinine, retrieved 2015/05/17, http://www.livescience.com/44821-what-isquinine.html [2] - Quinine at the International Programme on Chemical Safety, retrieved 2015/05/17 [3] - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine, retrieved 2015/05/17 [4] - Database Edition 15.2.1.002 Copyright © 2015 Clinical Drug Information, LLC, retrieved 2015/05/17, http://www.drugs.com/cdi/quinine.html [5] – M. Montalti, A. Credi, L. Prodi, MT. Gandolfi, “Handbook of Photochemistry”, 3rd Ed. Taylor and Francis 2005

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P04 — New One Pot Synthesis of Nobel Ag NanoParticles funtionalized with antibiotics. Jamila Djafari*, Catarina Marinho, Javier Fernández-Lodeiro, Jose Luis Capelo, Gilberto Igrejas, Patricia Poeta and Carlos Lodeiro jamila.djafari@gmail.com BIOSCOPE Group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Silver nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial properties [1] due to the release of silver ions which inhibit the protein synthesis of bacteria cell membrane. Despite their effective antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles have a no-negligible toxicity in human cells by destroying organelles cells and producing Reactive Oxidative Species.[2] Continuing with our scientific interest in synthesis and application of noble metal nanomaterials [3] we have designed a new one pot methodology of synthesis and functionalization of silver nanoparticles with antibiotics Furthermore, the drug delivery system developed can present another properties by reducing the bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. This synthesis was realized in specific conditions in order to promote silver ions reduction. The silver nanoparticles was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, DLS and TEM images. The yellow colloidal system obtained presents a surface plasmon resonance band at ca. 400 nm having an average size of 20+/-5 nm. (Figure 1). The Antibiotic molecules are linked to the silver nanoparticles by weak bonds.

Figure 1: UV/Vis spectra (A), TEM images (B) and colour solution (C).

Aknowledgements J. Fernández-Lodeiro acknowledge the post-doctoral grant from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCTMEC) (Portugal) SFRH/93982/2013. Jamila Djafari acknowledge the ERASMUS project (PLISBOA03/PPARIS063) Financial supported from funds from the Scientific PROTEOMASS Association (Portugal) and LAQV/REQUIMTE (UID/QUI/50006/2013) and UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (UID/Multi/04378/2013) are acknowledged.

References [1] a) Rai M., Yadav A., Gade A., Biotechnology Advances, 2009, 27, 76-83. b) Morones J. R., Elechiguerra J.L., Camacho A., Holt K., Kouri J.B., Tapia Ramírez J., Yacaman M. J., Nanotechnology, 2005, 16, 2346-2353. [2] a) AshaRani P.V., Kah Mun G.L., Prakash Hande M., Valiyaveettil S., ACS Nano, 2009, 3 (2), 279-290. b) Tran Q.H., Nguyen V.Q., Le A., Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2013, 4, 033001. [3] a) J. Fernández-Lodeiro, et al., J. Nanopart. Res., (2013), 18, 1828-1838. b) J. Fernández-Lodeiro, et al. Nanopart. Res., 2014, 16, 2315-2327 c) José E. Araújo, et al., Nano Research, 2015, 8(4): 1189–1198. d) A. Fernández-Lodeiro, et al., ChemistryOpen, 2013, 00, 1–9.

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P05 — Coupling an universal primer to SBE combined spectral codification strategy for single nucleotide polymorphism analysis Mílton Cordeiro1,2, Letícia Giestas2, Pedro Viana Baptista1, João Carlos Lima2 m.cordeiro001@gmail.com UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. We previously reported a strategy that combines Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based spectral codification with a single base extension (SBE) reaction for single nucleotide sequence discrimination in solution [1]. This strategy is capable of unequivocally detect the allele variants present in solution. To extend the use of this tool to any locus of interest, it would be required the development of an universal approach capable of combining a sequence specific SBE primer to an universal sequence labeled and optimized for spectral codification. Here, we extend this concept to a general strategy by means of a labeled universal oligonucleotide primer (donor), a sequence specific primer that allows for incorporation of the complementary acceptor labeled ddNTP, which allows discrimination the allele variant in the sample via the unambiguous FRET signature of the donor/acceptor pair – see figure 1.

Figure 1. Reaction using the developed SBE primer for the discrimination between homo-and heterozygous loci. A specific fluorescence signature is obtained for each specific sample: for a homozygous sample, a single fluorescence emission band characteristic of the inserted acceptor labeled ddNTP is expected (cases I and II); two fluorescence emission bands are expected for a heterozygous case (III). Aknowledgements This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC): CIGMH Strategic Project PEst-OE/SAU/UI0009/2010; PTDC/QUI-QUI/112597/2009; PTDC/BBB/NAN/1812/2012; SFRH/BD/87836/2012 to M.C. and SFRH/BPD/64505/2009 to L.G.

References [1]- Giestas, L. et al. (2011). Coupling single base extension to a spectral codification tool for increased throughput screening. J Biotechnol, 154(4), 199–204. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.05.012 25

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P06 — Wine protein haze - Why do some white wines turn hazy? Ricardo Chagasa,b*, Ana Lourençoa, César Laiaa, Sara Monteirob, Ricardo B. Ferreirab, Luísa Ferreiraa *email: r.chagas@campus.fct.unl.pt a LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal b Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

Wine clarity, also described as limpidity, is an important enological feature affected by the presence of undissolved matter in the wine. Nevertheless, even limpid wines can turn hazy in the bottle when subjected to high temperatures (e.g. during transport or storage) (Butzke, et al., 2012). Protein heat instability, also known by protein haze or protein casse, is a relevant problem particularly in white wines where proteins themselves can self-aggregate into lightdispersing particles causing the development of precipitate (Sauvage, et al., 2010; Waters, et al., 1992). This is an important issue to most consumers since the formation of these unattractive precipitates in bottled wine is a common defect of commercial wines, making them unacceptable for sale (Tabilo-Munizaga, et al., 2014). Here we present some of our latest results on the protein haze formation mechanism and on the visual impact of these precipitates.

Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge Laboratório de Análises/REQUIMTE, FCT/UNL and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) for financial support under the PhD grant SFRH/BD/84749/2012. References Butzke, C. E., Vogt, E. E., & Chacón-Rodríguez, L. (2012). Effects of heat exposure on wine quality during transport and storage. Journal of Wine Research, 23(1), 15-25. Sauvage, F. X., Bach, B., Moutounet, M., & Vernhet, A. (2010). Proteins in white wines: Thermo-sensitivity and differential adsorbtion by bentonite. Food Chemistry, 118(1), 26-34. Tabilo-Munizaga, G., Gordon, T. A., Villalobos-Carvajal, R., Moreno-Osorio, L., Salazar, F. N., Perez-Won, M., & Acuna, S. (2014). Effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the protein structure and thermal stability of Sauvignon blanc wine. Food Chemistry, 155, 214220. Waters, E. J., Wallace, W., & Williams, P. J. (1992). Identification of heat-unstable wine proteins and their resistance to peptidases. J Agric Food Chem, 40(9), 1514-1519. 26

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P07 — Lights ON for PUR degradation Susana França de Sá1,2, Joana Lia Ferreira1,2, Rita Macedo1,3, Ana Maria Ramos2, Isabel Pombo Cardoso1,2 susana_de_sa@hotmail.com 1

Department of Conservation and Restoration, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal

LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal 3

Instituto de História da Arte, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida de Berna, 26-C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal

This research aims at bringing a new insight into the degradation of ether-based polyurethane flexible foams (PUR) by studying selected case studies from the Design and Fashion Museum (MUDE, Lisbon) based on optical microscopy (under visible and ultraviolet light). The degradation of ether-based PUR has been the focus of several conservation studies and photo-oxidation has been identified as the main degradation path [1-3]. With a lifeexpectancy of 20 to 50 years, many polyurethane objects from MUDE‟s collection show severe degradation signs (yellowing, crumbling and brittleness). These foams, due to their open cell structure are especially prone to degradation in short-term [1-3]. For establishing a correlation between PUR condition grade, network surface morphology, and fluorescence behaviour, the case-studies were analysed by optical microscopy and compared with references of unaged and naturally aged foams. With this approach, the visual course of PUR degradation was followed. Optical microscopy provided a deeper knowledge about visual aspects of the polymer network degradation. Brightness, transparency, and colour, as well as texture and outline morphology of the open cells are some of the discussed aspects. For that, the use of different modes of reflected light illumination was crucial, in particular, darkfield, polarised light and UV light [4]. In this study, the role of light as both a degradation cause (for ether-based polyurethane foams) and a characterisation tool is highlighted. Acknowledgements This work has been financially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, Portugal, through UID/QUI/50006/2013 grant and SFRH/BD/78862/2011 doctoral grant. References [1] van Oosten, T. 2011. PUR Facts: Conservation of Polyurethane Foam in Art and Design. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. [2] Garside, P. & Lovett, D. 2006. Polyurethane foam: investigating the physical and chemical consequences of degradation. In: P. Garside and C. Rogerson, eds. The Future of the 20th Century: Collecting, Interpreting and Conserving Modern Materials. London: Archetype Publications, pp. 77-83. [3] Lattuati-Derieux, A., Thao-Heu, S. & Lavédrine, B. 2011. Assessment of the degradation of polyurethane foams after artificial and natural ageing by using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1218 (28): 4498-4508. [4] Davidson, M. W. and Abramowitz, M. 2002. Optical Microscopy. In : J. P. Hornak, ed. lit. Encyclopedia of Imaging Science & Technology, 1st ed, vol. 2. New York : John Wiley & Sons, pp. 1106-1141.

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P08 — Luminescent Nanoparticles applied to Biological Samples. Susana Jorge, Elisabete Oliveira*, Hugo M. Santos*, Gonçalo Marcelo, Joana Coelho, Jose Luis Capelo, Carlos Lodeiro. ej.oliveira@fct.unl.pt and hmsantos@fct.unl.pt BIOSCOPE group, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Quantum Dots (QDs) are known to be 100 times more stables and up to 20 times brighter than traditional fluorescent dyes [i]. Due to their unique size-dependent optical and electronic properties, they are widely used for biological imaging and in electronic industries [ ii]. These materials are highly photostable, have size-tuneable emissions, broad absorption and a narrow emission spectra, long fluorescence lifetime, high quantum yield and high stability against photo bleaching [iii]. Most synthesis of QDs are in organic solvents, high temperature (over 200ºC) and under nitrogen atmosphere. Aqueous synthesized QDs are directly used for biological applications without any post-treatment, and the synthetic processes are cheaper, less toxic, simpler, more reproducible and environmentally friendly than the organometallic routes [iv]. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are also very appealing for protein extraction, identification and diagnosis of several diseases. However, due to their small pore size the capturing of protein seems very complicated. Herein, it is proposed for the first time the use of new luminescent nanomaterials for protein tracking in human serum.

Acknowledgements

E. Oliveira and H.M. Santos acknowledge the post-doctoral grant from Fundação para a Ciência

Tecnologia

(FCT-MEC)

(Portugal)

SFRH/BPD/72557/2010

and

SFRH/BPD/75242/2010, respectively. Financial supported from the Scientific PROTEOMASS Association

(Portugal)

and

LAQV/REQUIMTE

(UID/QUI/50006/2013)

and

UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (UID/Multi/04378/2013) are acknowledged. References [1] W. C. W. Chan, S. Nie, Science, 1998, 281, 2016. [2] I. L. Medintz, H. T. Uyeda, E. R. Goldman, H. Mattoussi, Nat Mater. 2005, 4, 435. [3] U. Resch-Genger, M. Grabolle, S. Cavaliere-Jaricot, R. Nitschke, T. Nann, Nat. Methods, 2008, 5, 763. [4] Y. Lu, Y. Zhong, J. Wang, Y. Su, F. Peng, Y. Zhou, X. Jiang, Y. He, Nanotechnology, 2013, 24, 135101.

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P09 — Light-Driven Bioplastic Production. V.C.F. Carvalho, J.C. Fradinho, A. Oehmen and M.A.M. Reis virginiacfcarvalho@gmail.com UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polymers, synthetized by some bacterial species as intracellular energy and carbon reserves. Due to their good thermoplastic properties, PHAs are a sustainable alternative to conventional petrochemical plastics. Normally, PHAs are produced using pure or mixed microbial cultures (MMC) in a feast and famine (FF) regime. However, both systems have a high operational cost associated, due to the necessity of equipment‟s sterilization in the first case, and the requirement of aeration in both cases. Aeration increases substantially the operational costs of the MMC process for PHA production, therefore it is necessary to find a cheaper alternative. This can be achieved using light as the energy source (1). This work studied the ability of a photosynthetic mixed culture (PMC) to accumulate PHA by photofermentation. The PMC consisted of a consortium of bacteria and algae. This culture was capable of accumulating PHA using acetate as carbon source without supplying aeration, saving energy costs during PHA production. Under illuminated conditions, phototrophs take up the acetate using the ATP produced with the light harvested by their photosystems. Overall, this work opens up the possibility of designing new more sustainable bioplastic production processes using natural sunlight as the energy source. We acknowledge the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through project UID/Multi/04378/2013.

References [1] Fradinho, J.C., Domingos, J.M.B., Carvalho, G., Oehmen, A., Reis, M.A.M., 2013. Polyhydroxyalkanoates production by a mixed photosynthetic consortium of bacteria and algae. Bioresour. Technol. 132, 146–153.

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P10 — Light Harvesting in Solar Cells using Natural Pigments from Red Fruits Adsorbed to Mesoporous TiO2 A. Lúcia Pinto*, A. Jorge Parola and César A.T. Laia al.pinto@campus.fct.unl.pt

LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal Since 1991, when Brian O‟Regan and Michael Grätzel reported „A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized Colloidal TiO2 film‟ [1], Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have become one of the most popular research topic in photovoltaic cells due to their low production costs when compared to other alternatives. DSSCs are inspired in what happens in nature during photosynthesis. A primary charge separation is achieved by means of a photoexcited dye capable of performing the electron injection into the conduction band of a wide band-gap semiconductor, usually TiO2 [1,2,3]. With this work we aimed to synthesize a novel mesoporous TiO2 structure as the semiconductor in order to increase the dye loading. We used natural occurring dyes such as anthocyanins and their synthetic relatives flavylium, as an alternative to the widely used metal complexes of Ru(II) which are expensive and are environmentally unsafe [2,3]. This offers not only the chance to use safer dyes for DSSCs, but also to take profit of waste biological products, such as wine production residues that are heavily loaded with anthocyanin dyes (Figure 1). We were able to succeed in the synthesis of a TiO2 thin film[4], which resulted in a very homogeneous coating with the capacity to load a large amount of dye. We show that wine production waste as a dye source to DSSC is also possible.

Figure 1. SEM and TEM image of the TiO2 thin film (insert: chemical structure of an anthocyanin). Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge Project Invisible Network (Project nº 13857, co-funded by COMPETE, QREN and the European Regional Development Fund).

[1] O‟Regan, B.; Grätzel, M. Nature, 1991, 353, 737. [2] Calogero, G.; Sinopoli, A.; Citro, I.; Di Marco, G.; Petrov, V.; Diniz, A. M.; Parola, A. J.; Pina, F. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2013, 12, 883. [3] Calogero, G.; Bartolotta, A.; Di Marco, G.; Di Carlo, A.; Bonaccorso, F. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 3244. [4] Alberius, P. C.; Fridell, K. L.; Hayward, R. C.; Kramer, E. J.; Stucky, G. D.; Chmelka, B. F. Chem. Mater., 2002, 14, 3284.

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P11 — Metal Plasmon Nanoparticles. What can we do with these materials? Adrián Fernández-Lodeiro*, Javier Fenández-Lodeiro, Hugo Santos, Tiago Ferreira, Jose Luis Capelo and Carlos Lodeiro a.lodeiro@fct.unl.pt UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Since the first experimental observations of Faraday about the properties of noble metal colloidal state [1] the scientific community has invested great efforts knowledge, control and enforcement of these new materials systems at the nanoscale. One of the most interesting properties of this material on the nanometer scale is derived from the collective oscillation of the conduction electrons around a crystal lattice. The frequency of this electronics oscillation are included in the optical spectrum (UV, Vis and NIR) depending on factors such as the component material, size, form or aggregation state among others.[ 2] Besides this, due to the scale of production of these materials allows their use in biological systems.[3] In continuation of our research focused on the synthesis and applications of new noble metal nanomaterials we presented a general vision of different systems and application designed in our research team.[4]

Figure 1: Transmission electron microscopy and colour solution of different gold and silver Nano composites obtained in our group.

Acknowledgements J. Fernández-Lodeiro acknowledge the post-doctoral grant from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCTMEC) (Portugal) SFRH/BPD/93982/2013. A. Fernández-Lodeiro acknowledge the doctoral grant from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-MEC) (Portugal) SFRH/BD/52528/2014. Financial supported from funds from the Scientific PROTEOMASS Association (Portugal) and LAQV/REQUIMTE (UID/QUI/50006/2013) and UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (UID/Multi/04378/2013) are acknowledged. References [1] M. Faraday, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 1857, 147, 145 – 181 [2] Audrey Moores, Frèdèric Goettmann, New J. Chem., 2006, 30, 1121–1132 [3] Marie-Christine Daniel, Didier Astruc, Chem. Rev., 2004, 104, 293-346 [4] a) J. Fernández Lodeiro et al., J. Nnanopart. Res., 2013, 18, 1828-1838; b) J. Fernández Lodeiro, et al, J. Nanopart. Res., 2014, 16, 2315-2327; c) José E Araujo et al, NanoRes, 2015, 8, 1189-1198; d) A. Fernandez Lodeiro et al, ChemistryOpen, 2013, 00, 1-9.

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P12 — An array of colors and lights in the proteomics lab J. E. Araújo*, M. Duarte, J. Mesquita, G. Pinto, H. M. Santos, Jose Luis Capelo, Carlos Lodeiro jeduardoaraujo88@gmail.com UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Proteomics workflows often require rapid and sensitive methods for protein detection and quantification. Light is more present in everyday work in proteomics than it seems at a first glance. Proteomics laboratories usually have equipment that incorporates a source of light for colorimetric and fluorimetric assays, and to ionize peptides and proteins for their subsequent identification, when using a MALDI mass spectrometer [1]. An array of visible and fluorescent tags are often used to detect proteins, enabling determination of the total amount of protein present in a sample, or to individually detect and determine protein abundance in thousands of proteins separated by gel electrophoresis. The combination of dyes and fluorophores like CBB [2], SYPRO [3] and Cyanine dyes [4] with sensitive microplate readers and optical fibre bundle CCD scanners enable the detection of low-abundance proteins. However, the job is not finished until, identification of these proteins has been achieved by state-of-the-art, sensitive and robust mass spectrometers. When using MALDI, light gives a hand. The laser assists desorption/ionization of peptide and protein molecules co-crystalized with a MALDI-matrix and those once molecules are ionized and brought into the gas phase [1, 5]. This simple, yet important laser-assisted ionization step was revolutionary for the analysis of high mass non-volatile, fragile biomolecules with stunning sensitivity. Which for the first time, made mass spectrometry compatible with the samples preparation techniques used in biochemistry, biology and biomedicine [1, 5]. Acknowledgements H.M.S. acknowledges the postdoctoral grant SRFH/BPD/73997/2010 provided by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology. PROTEOMASS Scientific Society is acknowledged for financial support. The authors thank to LAQV/REQUIMTE (UID/QUI/50006/2013) and UCIBIO/REQUIMTE (UID/Multi/04378/2013). References [1] Hillenkamp, F; Peter-Katalinic, J. MALDI MS a practical guide to instrumentation, methods and application. Wiley-VCH, 2007. [2] Compton, S. J.; Jones, C. G. Mechanism of dye response and interference in the Bradford protein assay. Analytical Biochemistry 1985, 151 (2) 369–374. [3] Niesen, F.H.; Berglund, H.; Vedadi, M. The use of differential scanning fluorimetry to detect ligand interactions that promote protein stability. Nature Protocols 2007, 2 (9) 2212–2221. [4] Tannu, N.S.; Hemby, S.E. Two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis for comparative proteomics profiling. Nature Protocols 2006, 1 (4) 1732–1742. [5] Van Eyk, J; Dunn MJ, Clinical proteomics, from diagnosis to therapy. Wiley-VCH, 2008.

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P13 — SLIDES DE CAVALETE by Ângelo de Sousa Constructing Colour With Additive Synthesis. Joana Silva1,2, Ana Maria Ramos1,2, Joana Lia Ferreira1,2 joana.limadasilva@gmail.com 1

Department of Conservation and Restoration, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal 2

REQUIMTE-LAQV, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and

Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal Ângelo de Sousa (1938-2010) is a Portuguese contemporary artist, known for an experimentalism that enabled him to achieve exceptional originality [1]. With his death, he left a broad legacy of painting, sculpture, drawing, film and photography. His photographic and filmic collection is being studied in the context of the PhD entitled “Preservation of Ângelo de Sousa´s Photographic and Filmic Collection: a study about colour and chromogenic reversal films”. Interested and informed about colour theories and perception, Ângelo de Sousa made many works in which he explored additive and subtractive synthesis as a means of expression. Since the 1960s he decided to privilege the primary colours as a way to achieve the maximum effect with minimum resources: cyan, magenta and yellow, when using substance, such as paints, and red, green and blue (RGB), when using light as a source for image formation [3]. It was probably exploring colour that Ângelo de Sousa achieved greater originality In Slides de Cavalete (1978-1979), a work composed by 100 slides to be projected as an ensemble, he constructed luminous spaces by projecting additive colours successively, and by capturing, on the same frame, a superimposition of RGB lights. Obeying to the principle of additive synthesis, the addition of the lights was quite predictable to him [2, 4]. Using longer or shorter exposures, which he controlled by using masks to reduce the exposure to light in selected areas, he achieved outstanding tonal gradations. Aknowledgements FCT-MCTES, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, PhD grant SFRH/BD/52317/2013 and REQUIMTE-LAQV funding UID/QUI/50006/2013; NEÂdS, Núcleo de Estudos Ângelo de Sousa References [1] Almeida, B. P. 1985. Ângelo de Sousa. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda. [2] Fernandes, J. and M. Wandschneider. 2001. “A Felicidade no gatilho”: entrevista a Ângelo de Sousa. In Ângelo de Sousa, sem prata, ed. Maria Ramos, 11-52. Porto: Edições Asa. [3] Gil, J. 1993. O experimentador do acaso. In Ângelo: 1993 uma antológica, ed. Miguel von Hafe Pérez and Maria Ramos, 13-17. Porto: Fundação de Serralves. [4] Mah, S. 2014. Encontros com as formas. In Ângelo de Sousa, encontro com as formas, ed. Manuela de Abreu e Lima, 18-23. Porto: Árvore Cooperativa de Atividades.

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P14 — Photochromic and Photoswitching Systems Based on 2Hydroxychalcone / Flavylium Reaction Networks Noémi Jordão1, Luís C. Branco1, A. Jorge Parola1, F. Pina1 n.jordao@campus.fct.unl.pt Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Flavylium salts constitute a versatile family of coloured compounds that originate in aqueous solution intricate chemical reaction networks including several species. Among these species are photoisomerizable trans-2-hydroxychalcones that have been allowing to explore these compounds as pH–coupled photochromic systems. The accumulated knowledge on the thermodynamics, kinetics, photophysics and photochemistry of these compounds in solution prompted us to explore possible applications of these systems as photochromic soft materials [1-3]. A series of flavylium salts and/or the corresponding trans-2-hydroxychalcones were incorporated or covalently attached to several heterogeneous media (micelles, gels, polymers, zeolites, mesoporous silica) and their photochromic behaviour characterised in the different microenvironments. [1,3]. In particular, details on the synthesis of co-polymers of acrylamide and 2hydroxychalcones and its photochromic and thermoresponsive behaviour, defining multiresponsive multifunctional systems, will be detailed.

Figure 1: The chemical reaction network originated from flavylium salts or the respective trans-2-hydroxychalcones in solution can be used for the development of multiresponsive photochromic and photoswitching systems.

Aknowledgements EC is acknowledged for FP7 project NMP4-SL-2012-310651. FCT-MCTES (P) is acknowledged for projects PTDC/QUI-QUI/119932/2010 and PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011 and several PhD and post-doc grants. References

[1] F. Pina, M. J. Melo, C. A. T. Laia, A. J. Parola, J. C. Lima, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 869. [2] F. Pina, A. J. Parola, R. Gomes, M. Maestri, V. Balzani, in B. L. Feringa, W. R. Browne (Eds.), “Molecular Switches”, 2nd, Completely revised and enlarged edition, Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, 2011, Vol. 1, Ch. 6, pp. 181226, ISBN 978-3-527-31365-5. [3] M. J. Melo, A. J. Parola, J. C. Lima, F. Pina, in P. R. Somani (Ed.), “Chromic Materials, Phenomena and their Technological Applications”, Applied Science Innovations Private Limited, 2010, Ch. 16, pp. 537-576, ISBN 9788190602716.

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P1 5 —

Análise de oligoelementos em cabelos de recém-nascidos através da técnica de fluorescência de raios-X

J. Carmo, I. Salva, M. L. Carvalho, J. P. Santos e M. Guerra j.camo@campus.fct.unl.pt Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal

O atual estudo tem como objetivo a comparação entre os oligoelementos presentes nos cabelos[1] de recém-nascidos em regime temporal normal e prematuros. Esta análise permite apurar a forma como os nutrientes são absorvidos ao longo da gravidez, nomeadamente entre a vigésima quarta e quadragésima segunda semanas, o que acaba por espelhar a importância do tempo de gestação no desenvolvimento do feto. Para tal, recorreu-se à técnica de Fluorescência por Raios-X fazendo uso do aparelho Tornado M4, onde foram analisados espectros de fluorescência de raios-X, seguindo-se a sua quantificação no software WinAxil™. Foram analisados vários pontos por cabelo, distando aproximadamente 1,5 mm entre si, de forma a estudar a evolução da concentração dos oligoelementos ao longo do tempo de gestação. Os valores obtidos foram inferiores aos do padrão utilizado, ficando tal a dever-se ao estado de desenvolvimento ainda imaturo dos cabelos estudados assim como à sua heterogeneidade[2]. Verificou-se uma diminuição global da concentração dos oligoelementos com a distância à raiz. Alguns elementos seguiram uma evolução inconstante fruto de possíveis contaminações pós-parto. Em relação à comparação termo vs prematuro verificou-se uma maior concentração de oligoelementos no primeiro caso, mas as diferenças não são consideráveis. Tal fica a deverse ao elevado número de fatores que contribuem para a absorção de nutrientes por parte do feto para além do tempo de gestação como o seu tipo, patologias e hábitos maternos, maturação do ciclo pulmonar e a própria genética do indivíduo. Seria interessante no futuro repetir a análise feita recorrendo a diferentes fatores de comparação. References [1] I. Baranowska, L. Barchański1, M. Bąk, B. Smolec, Z. Mzyk, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 13, No. 6 (2004), 639-646 [2] Sz. Torok, P. Van Dyck, R. Van Grieken, X-Ray Spectometry, Vol. 13, No. 1 (1984), 27-32

NOITE DA LUZ, 2015 – Proceedings

P16 — Study of the elemental concentration in wheat grains by microEDXRF

I. Ramos1, Inês M. Pataco2, Fernando Reboredo2, Fernando C. Lidon2, Maria Fernanda Pessoa2, M. L. Carvalho1, J. P. Santos1, M. Guerra1 in.ramos@campus.fct.unl.pt 1

Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação (LIBPhysUNL), Departamento de Física, FCT-UNL, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal. 2

GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal.

Even in the XXI century, there is still a large group of the world population that suffers from micronutrient undernourishment, which constitutes a worldwide public health problem. These nutrition deficiencies not only are resultant from famine but also from the low nutritional value of food. Thus emerges the need of staple crops being biofortified with micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Biofortification has the purpose of increasing these micronutrients concentration on staple food without compromising their productivity. This study objective is to quantify the major elements and the trace elements present in wheat grains, to which were added, during their development, iron and zinc supplements. To evaluate the efficiency of this nutritional intervention, an analytical methodology, designated energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique (EDXRF), was used. This technique, based on the emission of characteristic X-ray, was employed to quantify and map the wheat grains elements such as P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn. Through the element distribution maps obtained it was possible to verify that the micronutrients used in the wheat grains biofortification (Fe and Zn) are predominantly present on the aleurone outer layer and in the delimiting region of the embryo. In the endosperm and bran region the amount of these elements is insignificant, instead, elements as potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) are observed in the last referred region . In the embryo region is mainly composed by phosphorus (P).

NOITE DA LUZ, 2015 – Proceedings

Local Organizing Committee Prof. Dr. Carlos Lodeiro-Espiño UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, FCT- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal Prof. Dr. José Moura UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, FCT- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal Library Director Dra. Ana A. Pereira Library, FCT-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Ms. Luisa Serra Student LBCM, FCT-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Ms. Valéria Martins Student LBCM, FCT-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Proceedings of the NOITE da LUZ. Um Pouco de Ciência ao Lusco-Fusco NOITE DA LUZ 2015 Editors: Carlos Lodeiro, José Moura, Ana A. Pereira. Cover design: Violeta Pereira Organization of the Book of Proceedings ISBN PDF VERSION: 978-972-8893-42-2

FCT, Caparica, Portugal, 2015

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