Mycotoxin Survey in US corn: March 2019 update

Mycotoxin Occurrence in 2018 US Corn, Corn Silage, and Corn By-products Update March 1, 2019 Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Sample Overview

7% 70% 2% 520 Samples from 30 States

9%

11%

1% Unknown Naturally ahead Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Sample Overview Sample Matrix

Sampling Reason 8%

12%

15%

16%

77% 72%

Corn

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Corn Silage

Corn By-products

Survey

Clinical

Unspecified

Mycotoxins & Analysis

Mycotoxin Group

Aflatoxins (AFLA)

A-Trichothecenes (A-Trich)

LC-MS/MS

B-Trichothecenes (B-Trich)

Fumonisins (FUM)

3 Labs

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Mycotoxins

Limit of Detection (ppb)

Aflatoxin B1

1.3

Aflatoxin B2

1.2

Aflatoxin G1

1.1

Aflatoxin G2

1.6

T-2

100.0

HT-2

100.0

Neosolaniol

100.0

Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)

100.0

Deoxynivalenol (DON/Vomitoxin)

100.0

Acetyldeoxynivalenol (A-DON)

100.0

Nivalenol (NIV)

100.0

Fusarenon X (FUS-X)

100.0

Fumonisin B1

100.0

Fumonisin B2

100.0

Fumonisin B3

100.0

Zearalenone (ZEN)

Zearalenone (ZEN)

Ocharatoxin A (OTA)

Ocharatoxin A (OTA)

51.7 1.1

Occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, By-products 100

93

Sample Matrix

16% 72%

Corn Corn Silage

% of Total Samples

80 12%

88

85

85

79

76

58

60 45 40 28 20

9

Corn By-products

1 0 B-Trich

FUM Corn

Corn Silage

ZEN Corn By-products

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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Afla

2

Occurrence: Corn 450 88

Percent of Total Samples

80 80

79

74 59

60

51

70

45

42

321

25

18

20 8 0

49 2012

8

278

25 6

14

2013

4

1 2014

2015 Afla

2016 B-Trich

ZEN

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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376

150

9

50 0

# Samples per year

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

250

100

14

61

300

200

403

40 24

76

52

53

40

350

353

54

400

2017 FUM

2018

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

100

Occurrence: Corn By-Product 140

Percent of Total Samples

100

100

99

100 80

77

91

91

79

80

93 88 85

120 100 80

73 60 126

60

40 20 0

81

40 55

22

9

8

2

0 2015

0 2016

# Samples per year

2017 Afla

B-Trich

2018 ZEN

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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20

FUM

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

120

Occurrence: Corn Silage 100

250 85

Percent of Total Samples

80 80

60

200

100

40 26

0 2014

22

23 7 60 0 2015

# Samples per year

0

26

28

12

85

0

1

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50

0 2016 Afla

2017 B-Trich

ZEN

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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150

132 25

20

58

156 41

40

208

59

2018 FUM

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

85

85

87

518

406

319

ppb (log scale)

1000

1,511

763

2,959

1,154

1,112

10000

4,004

Mean of Positives 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-products

100

1 B-Trich

FUM Corn

Corn Silage

ZEN Corn By-products

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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Afla

3

4

10

Mean of Positives: Corn 100,000 21,652

ppb (log scale)

10,000

4,091 2,004

1,000

932

1,107

2,461 629

1,207

567 545

168 100

1,705

71 98

2,695 803

4,004 1,112 319

438

348

321

87

28

27

19

15

15

10 2012

2013

2014 Afla

ZEN

2015 B-Trich

2016 FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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2017

2018

Mean of Positives: Corn By-Product 10,000

4,410 1,997

1,931

ppb (log scale)

1,000

2,395

1,884

1,414 246

100

186

2,670 1,135 499

165

127

10

1

4 0 2015

2016 Afla

ZEN

2017 B-Trich

FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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3

2018

Mean of Positives: Corn Silage 10,000 1,893

ppb (log scale)

1,000

1,750 445

100

1,289

643

574

307

1,072

612

301

202

1,154 763 406

128 15

10

4

1 0

0

0

2015

2016

2017

0 2014

Afla

ZEN

B-Trich

FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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2018

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product Percent of Total Samples

100

90

80

72

62 60 40 26

26

20

12

5

2

5

0 <LOD

One Toxin Corn

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>1 Toxin

<LOD

One Toxin >1 Toxin Corn Silage

<LOD

One Toxin >1 Toxin

Corn By-products

Co-occurrence: Corn 80

73

73

Percent of Total Samples

70 60

59

46

50

46

47

47

41

42

37

40 31

33

30

25

23

21 17

20

12

10 10

11

4

2

0 2012

2013

2014 <LOD

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2015 1 Mycotoxin

2016 >1 Mycotoxin

2017

2018

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn 40 35

% of Total Samples

35 30 25 20

18

17

15

5

2

0 ND

<LOD

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9

8

10

4 0.3 Afla

2

0 B-Trich

FUM

One toxin

ZEN

3

1

Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins

> 2 Toxins

Co-occurrence: Corn By-products 100

98

94

2 0

6 0

5

2016

2017

2018

90

80

60

40

20

59

32

9

0 2015

<LOD

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1 Mycotoxin

>1 Mycotoxin

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn By-products 90

82

% of Total Samples

80 70 60 50 40

30 20 10

5

0 ND

<LOD

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0 Afla

3

2

0

0

B-Trich

FUM

ZEN

Afla + FUM

One toxin

5

3

B-Trich B-Trich + FUM + ZEN Two Toxins

0

0

0

Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins

Co-occurrence: Corn Silage 80 70 60

64 54

61

62

53

50 40 40

37 30

30

30

27

20 10 10

6

10

11

2017

2018

6

0 2014

2015

2016 <LOD

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1 Mycotoxin

>1 Mycotoxin

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn Silage 40

38

% of Total Samples

35 30 25

22 19

20 15

11

10 5

4

1

0

0 ND

<LOD

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Afla

6

B-Trich

FUM

One toxin

ZEN

0

0

0

0

Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins

> 2 Toxins

2018 Corn Risk by State: Afla n=2

n=5

n=47 2% 2

n=9

n=12 n=1 n=6 n=5

n=67

n=13 8% 53

n=1

n=1

n=12 17% 47

n=27 15% 20

n=36 6% 156

n=15 7% 25

n=21 n=2 50% 33 n=2 n=5; 80% 12

n=17

n=3 33% 1 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 20 ppb State with average < 20 ppb State with samples < LOD (1 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=14 36% 51

n= 10 20% 35

n=21 29% 46

n=1 100% 1 n=15 n=2

20% 583

n=2 50% 46

2018 Corn Risk by State: B-Trich n=2 100% 1,173

n=5 100% 319

n=9 78% 567

n=67 99% 750

n=13 92% 877 n=1 100% 422

n=1 100% 386

n=12 58% 240

n=3 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=47 94% 1,433

n=6 100% 2,786

n=36 86% 484

n=15 93% 513

n=27 41% 2,586

n= 10 50% 160

n=21 100% 2,931

n=2; 50% 170 n=17; 82% 510

n=21 n=14 21% 637

n=12 100% 2,311

n=2 50% 261

n=15 40% 616

n=5 100% 1,595 n=2 100% 59 n=5; 40% 278 n=1 100% 388

n=1 100% 344

n=2 100% 148

2018 Corn By-Product Risk by State: B-Trich

n=1 100% 357 n=1 100% 1,990 n=2 100% 803

• • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 100% 7,363

n=13 92% 4,579

n=21 90% 2,577

n=6 100% 1,626

n=1 100% 2,523

n=2 50% 122

n=1 100% 1,471

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values

n=2 100% 1,497

n=1 100% 1,172

n=3 100% 3,814

n=3 100% 3,885

2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: B-Trich n=4 100% 1605

n=1 100% 434 n=1 100% 105 n=7 85% 509

n=2

n=3 100% 596

n=17 82% 1,789

n=7 86% 738

n=3 33% 211

n=4 100% 1,220 n=1 100% 891 n=18 100% 1,423 n=1 100% 227

n=3 100% 1,219 n=3 100% 740 n=1

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 50% 208

n=1

2018 Corn Risk by State: FUM n=2

n=5 20% 100

n=9 89% 399

n=67 67% 964

n=13 100% 5,161

n=1 100% 5,600

n=1

n=12 100% 11,617

n=3 100% 7,733 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=47 51% 770

n=14 79% 2,464

n=27 96% 12,362

n= 10 100% 9,930

n=10 83% 510

n=6 33% 250 n=15 87% 1,023

n=36 83% 1,489

n=21 67% 657

n=2; 100% 1,250

n=17; 100% 6,635 n=21 100% 2,386

n=2 100% 3,850

n=5 80% 3,525 n=2 100% 7,050 n=5;100% 11,060

n=1 100% n=15 1,400 100% 6,773

n=1 100% 2,600

n=2 100% 3,150

2018 Corn By-Product Risk by State: FUM

n=2 100% 300

n=13 85% 1,009

n=1

n=2 100% 11,800 n=2 100% 200

• • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=21 86% 1,356

n=6 100% 1,033

n=1 100% 1,100

n=2 100% 250

n=1 100% 300

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values

n=2 100% 1400

n=1 100% 300

n=3 67% 850

n=3 100% 2,367

2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: FUM n=4

n=3

n=17 6% 200

n=1

n=1

n=7

n=2 100% 350

n=7 43% 167

n=3

n=4 n=1 100% 100 n=18 50% 1,378

n=1

n=3 33% 400 n=3 100% 333 n=1

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 50% 800

n=1

2018 Corn Risk by State: ZEN n=2 100% 251

n=5 20% 591

n=9 33% 482

n=67 69% 308

n=13 77% 231

n=1 n=1 100% 100% 157 157

n=1

n=12 8% 81

n=3 n=3

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=47 70% 339

n=6 83% 187

n=36 50% 171

n=21 86% 408

n=15 13% 167

n=5 80% 290

n=27 11% 1883

n=2 n=5 n=17; 47% 196

n=1 n=1

n= 10

n=2

n=15 7% 64

n=1

n=2 n=2

n=21 n=14 14% 228

n=12 92% 278

2018 Corn By-Product Risk by State: ZEN

n=2 100% 138

n=13 92% 676

n=1

n=2 100% 358 n=2 50% 74

• • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=21 81% 630

n=6 100% 387

n=1 100% 295

n=2

n=1 100% 146

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state _: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values

n=2 100% 618

n=1 100% 135

n=3 100% 310

n=3 100% 487

2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: ZEN n=4 100% 582

n=3 100% 68

n=17 65% 419

n=1

n=1 100% 60 n=7 n=2

n=7 71% 336

n=3

n=4 75% 429 n=1 100% 126 n=18 72% 476 n=1 100%; 55

n=3 100% 800 n=3 67% 201 n=1

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state _: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 n=1

2018 Corn Survey Summary Corn

Corn Silage

Corn By-product

98% Positive vs.

89% in 2017

89% Positive vs.

91% in 2017

95% Positive vs.

100% in 2017

73% >1 MTX vs.

47% in 2017

62% >1 MTX vs.

30% in 2017

90% >1 MTX vs.

94% in 2017

B-Trich: 76% vs 70%

B-Trich: 85% vs 85%

B-Trich: 93% vs 99%

FUM: 79% vs 52% ZEN: 45% vs 25%

FUM: 28% vs 12%

FUM: 88% vs 91% ZEN: 85 vs 80%

ZEN: 58% vs 26%

Forecast for livestock production in 2019 MED to HIGH risk Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Questions? raj.murugesan@biomin.net

erika.hendel@biomin.net

paige.gott@biomin.net

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