Mycotoxin Occurrence in 2018 US Corn, Corn Silage, and Corn By-products Update May 3rd, 2019 Naturally ahead
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Sample Overview
7% 70%
3% 620 Samples from 31 States
9%
10%
0 Naturally ahead
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Sample Overview Sample Matrix
Sampling Reason 18%
20%
13%
11% 69%
69%
Corn
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Corn By-product
Fermented Corn
Survey
Clinical
Unspecified
Mycotoxins & Analysis
Mycotoxin Group
Aflatoxins (AFLA)
A-Trichothecenes (A-Trich)
LC-MS/MS
B-Trichothecenes (B-Trich)
Fumonisins (FUM)
3 Labs
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Mycotoxins
Limit of Detection (ppb)
Aflatoxin B1
1.3
Aflatoxin B2
1.2
Aflatoxin G1
1.1
Aflatoxin G2
1.6
T-2
100.0
HT-2
100.0
Neosolaniol
100.0
Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)
100.0
Deoxynivalenol (DON/Vomitoxin)
100.0
Acetyldeoxynivalenol (A-DON)
100.0
Nivalenol (NIV)
100.0
Fusarenon X (FUS-X)
100.0
Fumonisin B1
100.0
Fumonisin B2
100.0
Fumonisin B3
100.0
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
51.7 1.1
Occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100
90
94 88
Sample Matrix
20% 11% 69%
Corn Corn By-product
% of Total Samples
80
84
78
77
60
60
44 40 26 20 9
Fermented Corn
1
0 B-Trich
FUM Corn
Corn Silage
ZEN Corn By-product
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
1
Occurrence: Corn 450 88 80
% of Total Samples
80
78
74 59
60
51
70 353
54
53
40
321
25
18
20 8 49
0
2012
8
25
# Samples per year
6
4
2016 B-Trich
ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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425
150
9
50
0
2015 Afla
200
100
14 1
2014
300 250
403
278
14
2013
77
44
42
61
350
52
40 24
400
2017 FUM
2018
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
100
Occurrence: Corn By-product 140 100
100
99
% of Total Samples
100 80
77
91
91
79
80
94 88 84
120 100 80
73 60 126
60
40 20
0
81 22
70
20
9
8
1
0 2015
0 2016
# Samples per year
2017 Afla
B-Trich
2018 ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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40
FUM
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
120
Occurrence: Corn Silage 90
85
85
250
80
% of Total Samples
80
60
40
59
60
132
125
150
156 41 40 25
20
26
0 2014
2015
26
22
23 60 7 0
# Samples per year
0
Naturally ahead
100
26 50
12 1
0
0 2016 Afla
2017 B-Trich
ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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200
208
2018 FUM
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
100
80
500
495
313
ppb (log scale)
1000
1,450
675
3,827
1,279
1,156
10000
2,925
Mean of Positives 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product
100
1 B-Trich
FUM Corn
Corn Silage
ZEN Corn By-product
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
3
4
10
Mean of Positives: Corn 100,000 21,652
ppb (log scale)
10,000
4,091 2,004
1,000
932
1,107
2,461 629
1,207
567 545
168 100
1,705
71 98
2,695 803
3,827 1,156
313 438
348
321
80
28
27
19
15
15
10 2012
2013
2014 Afla
ZEN
2015 B-Trich
2016 FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2017
2018
Mean of Positives: Corn By-product 10,000
4,410 1,997
1,931
ppb (log scale)
1,000
1,450
2,395
1,884
1,414 246
100
186
127
4
2016 Afla
ZEN
2017 B-Trich
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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3
0 2015
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500
165
10
1
2,925
2018
Mean of Positives: Corn Silage 10,000 1,893
ppb (log scale)
1,000
1,750 445
100
1,289
1,279 643
574
1,072
612
301
307 128
675 495
202
15 10
4
1 0
0
0
2015
2016
2017
0 2014
Afla
ZEN
B-Trich
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100
90
% of Total Samples
80
72
65 60
40
28
26 20 7
2
4
6
<LOD
One Toxin
0 <LOD
One Toxin Corn
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>1 Toxin
<LOD
One Toxin Corn Silage
>1 Toxin
>1 Toxin
Corn By-product
Co-occurrence: Corn 80
73
72
% of Total Samples
70
60
59 46
50
46
47
47
41
42
37
40
31
33
30
26
23
21 17
20
12
10 10
11 4
2
0 2012
2013
2014 <LOD
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2015 1 Mycotoxin
2016 >1 Mycotoxin
2017
2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn 40 35
% of Total Samples
35
30 25 20
18
16
15 10
10 5
2
0 ND
<LOD
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9
4 0.2 Afla
2
0 B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
ZEN
3
1
Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins
> 2 Toxins
Co-occurrence: Corn By-product 98
100
94
90
80 59 60
40
20
32
9
6
2 0 2015
<LOD
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0
0 2016
2017 1 Mycotoxin
>1 Mycotoxin
6 4 2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn By-product 90
81
% of Total Samples
80
70 60 50
40 30 20 10
4
0 ND
<LOD
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0 Afla
6
4
1
0
0
B-Trich
FUM
ZEN
Afla + FUM
One toxin
3
B-Trich B-Trich + FUM + ZEN Two Toxins
0
0
0
Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins
Co-occurrence: Corn Silage 80 70 60
65
64 54
61
53
50 40 40
37
30
30
30
28
20 10 10
10
6
6
7
0
2014
2015
2016 <LOD
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1 Mycotoxin
2017 >1 Mycotoxin
2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn Silage 45
42
% of Total Samples
40
35 30
25
25
20
17
15 10
7
5
6 2
1
0 ND
<LOD
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Afla
B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
0 ZEN
0
0
0
0
Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins
> 2 Toxins
2018 Corn Risk by State: Afla n=3
n=10
n=12
n=59 3% 7
n=9
n=1 n=12 n=5
n=69
n=16 6% 53
n=1
n=1
n=12 17% 47
n=27 15% 20
n=38 5% 156
n=16 6% 25
n=22 n=2 50% 33 n=2 n=8; 50% 12
n=17
n=4 33% 1 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 20 ppb State with average < 20 ppb State with samples < LOD (1 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=14 36% 51
n= 20 25% 27
n=21 29% 46
n=1 100% 1 n=15 n=2
20% 583
n=2 50% 46
2018 Corn Risk by State: B-Trich n=3 100% 1,344
n=10 100% 437
n=10 80% 523
n=1 100% 422
n=1 100% 386
n=12 58% 240
n=4 25% 385 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=59 95% 1,483
n=69 99% 741
n=16 94% 970
n=12 100% 2,311
n=27 41% 2,586
n= 20 40% 2,612
n=12 100% 1,887 n=16 94% 534
n=39 87% 487
n=2; 50% 170 n=17; 82% 510
n=21 n=14 21% 637
n=22 100% 2,829
n=2 50% 261
n=15 40% 616
n=5 100% 1,595 n=2 100% 59 n=8; 63% 564 n=1 100% 388
n=1 100% 344
n=2 100% 148
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: B-Trich
n=1 100% 357 n=3 100% 2,943 n=3 100% 1,022
• • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=19 95% 4,018
n=21 90% 2,577
n=2 50% 122
n=1 100% 1,172
n=2 100% 7,363
n=1 100% 2,656
n=1 n=6 100% 100% 2,523 1,626
n=1 100% 1,471
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=2 100% 1,497
n=3 100% 3,814
n=1 100% 1,016
n=3 100% 3,885
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: B-Trich n=7 100% 1,251
n=4 100% 574
n=2 100% 892
n=8 88% 709
n=1 100% 105 n=2 100% 2,330
n=11 91% 519
n=37 92% 1,978
n=2
n=3 33% 211
n=4 100% 1,324
n=4 100% 1,220
n=1 100% 892 n=18 100% 1,423 n=1 100% 227
n=3 100% 1,219 n=3 100% 740 n=3 67% 350
n=1 100% 325
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=2 50% 208
n=2 50% 106
2018 Corn Risk by State: FUM n=3 33% 100
n=10 20% 150
n=10 90% 388
n=1 100% 5,600
n=1
n=12 100% 11,617
n=4 100% 6,275 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=59 53% 668
n=69 68% 954
n=16 100% 5,831
n=14 79% 2,464
n=12 83% 510
n=27 96% 12,362
n= 20 185% 7,806
n=12 67% 650
n=16 88% 1,050
n=39 82% 1,558
n=22 64% 657
n=2; 100% 1,250
n=17; 100% 6,635 n=21 100% 2,386
n=2 100% 3,850
n=5 80% 3,525 n=2 100% 7,050
n=8;100% 7,087
n=1 100% n=15 1,400 100% 6,773
n=1 100% 2,600
n=2 100% 3,150
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: FUM
n=2 100% 300
n=19 84% 856
n=1
n=3 100% 9,700 n=3 100% 333
• • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=1 100% 200
n=6 n=1 100% 100% 1,033 1,100
n=3 67% 850
n=2 100% 250
n=1 100% 300
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=21 86% 1,356
n=2 100% 1400
n=1 100% 300
n=3 100% 900
n=3 100% 2,367
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: FUM n=7
n=4
n=37 3% 200
n=2 50% 200 n=8 38% 167
n=1
n=2 100% 250
n=11
n=2 100% 350
n=3
n=4 50% 100
n=4 n=1 100% 100 n=18 50% 1,378
n=1
n=3 33% 400 n=3 100% 333 n=3; 67% 1,150
n=2 100% 100
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=2 50% 800
n=2
2018 Corn Risk by State: ZEN n=3 100% 202
n=10 20% 437
n=10 30% 482
n=69 68% 304
n=16 75% 337
n=1 n=1 100% 100% 157 157
n=1
n=12 8% 81
n=4 n=3
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=59 71% 321
n=12 67% 151
n=39 49% 168
n=22 82% 408
n=16 13% 167
n=5 80% 290
n=27 11% 1883
n=2 n=8; 13% 62
n=17; 47% 196
n=1 n=1
n= 20
n=2
n=15 7% 64
n=1
n=2 n=2
n=21 n=14 14% 228
n=12 92% 278
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: ZEN
n=2 100% 138
n=19 89% 594
n=1
n=3 100% 423 n=3 67% 71
• • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=6 100% 387
n=1 100% 464
n=1 100% 295
n=3 100% 310
n=2
n=1 100% 146
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state _: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=21 81% 630
n=2 100% 618
n=1 100% 135
n=1
n=3 100% 487
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: ZEN n=7 86% 460
n=4 75% 68
n=2 50% 100
n=2 100% 2,083
n=8 75% 297
n=1 100% 60 n=11
n=37 73% 467
n=2
n=3
n=4 100% 1,096
n=4 75% 429 n=1 100% 126
n=18 72% 476 n=1 100%; 55
n=3 100% 800 n=3 67% 201
n=3
n=1
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state _: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead
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n=2 n=2
2018 Corn Survey Summary Corn
Corn Silage
Corn By-product
98% Positive vs. 89% in 2017
93% Positive vs. 91% in 2017
96% Positive vs. 100% in 2017
72% >1 MTX vs. 47% in 2017
65% >1 MTX vs. 30% in 2017
90% >1 MTX vs. 94% in 2017
B-Trich: 77% vs 70%
B-Trich: 86% vs 85%
B-Trich: 94% vs 99%
FUM: 78% vs 52% ZEN: 44% vs 25%
FUM: 30% vs 12%
FUM: 88% vs 91% ZEN: 84% vs 80%
ZEN: 59% vs 26%
Forecast for livestock production in 2019 MED to HIGH risk Naturally ahead
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Questions? raj.murugesan@biomin.net
erika.hendel@biomin.net
paige.gott@biomin.net
https://www.biomin.net/us/survey/
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