Mycotoxin Survey in US corn: May 2019 update

Mycotoxin Occurrence in 2018 US Corn, Corn Silage, and Corn By-products Update May 3rd, 2019 Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Sample Overview

7% 70%

3% 620 Samples from 31 States

9%

10%

0 Naturally ahead

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Sample Overview Sample Matrix

Sampling Reason 18%

20%

13%

11% 69%

69%

Corn

Naturally ahead

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Corn By-product

Fermented Corn

Survey

Clinical

Unspecified

Mycotoxins & Analysis

Mycotoxin Group

Aflatoxins (AFLA)

A-Trichothecenes (A-Trich)

LC-MS/MS

B-Trichothecenes (B-Trich)

Fumonisins (FUM)

3 Labs

Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Mycotoxins

Limit of Detection (ppb)

Aflatoxin B1

1.3

Aflatoxin B2

1.2

Aflatoxin G1

1.1

Aflatoxin G2

1.6

T-2

100.0

HT-2

100.0

Neosolaniol

100.0

Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)

100.0

Deoxynivalenol (DON/Vomitoxin)

100.0

Acetyldeoxynivalenol (A-DON)

100.0

Nivalenol (NIV)

100.0

Fusarenon X (FUS-X)

100.0

Fumonisin B1

100.0

Fumonisin B2

100.0

Fumonisin B3

100.0

Zearalenone (ZEN)

Zearalenone (ZEN)

Ocharatoxin A (OTA)

Ocharatoxin A (OTA)

51.7 1.1

Occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100

90

94 88

Sample Matrix

20% 11% 69%

Corn Corn By-product

% of Total Samples

80

84

78

77

60

60

44 40 26 20 9

Fermented Corn

1

0 B-Trich

FUM Corn

Corn Silage

ZEN Corn By-product

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

Naturally ahead

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Afla

1

Occurrence: Corn 450 88 80

% of Total Samples

80

78

74 59

60

51

70 353

54

53

40

321

25

18

20 8 49

0

2012

8

25

# Samples per year

6

4

2016 B-Trich

ZEN

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

Naturally ahead

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

425

150

9

50

0

2015 Afla

200

100

14 1

2014

300 250

403

278

14

2013

77

44

42

61

350

52

40 24

400

2017 FUM

2018

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

100

Occurrence: Corn By-product 140 100

100

99

% of Total Samples

100 80

77

91

91

79

80

94 88 84

120 100 80

73 60 126

60

40 20

0

81 22

70

20

9

8

1

0 2015

0 2016

# Samples per year

2017 Afla

B-Trich

2018 ZEN

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

Naturally ahead

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

40

FUM

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

120

Occurrence: Corn Silage 90

85

85

250

80

% of Total Samples

80

60

40

59

60

132

125

150

156 41 40 25

20

26

0 2014

2015

26

22

23 60 7 0

# Samples per year

0

Naturally ahead

100

26 50

12 1

0

0 2016 Afla

2017 B-Trich

ZEN

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

200

208

2018 FUM

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

100

80

500

495

313

ppb (log scale)

1000

1,450

675

3,827

1,279

1,156

10000

2,925

Mean of Positives 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product

100

1 B-Trich

FUM Corn

Corn Silage

ZEN Corn By-product

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

Naturally ahead

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Afla

3

4

10

Mean of Positives: Corn 100,000 21,652

ppb (log scale)

10,000

4,091 2,004

1,000

932

1,107

2,461 629

1,207

567 545

168 100

1,705

71 98

2,695 803

3,827 1,156

313 438

348

321

80

28

27

19

15

15

10 2012

2013

2014 Afla

ZEN

2015 B-Trich

2016 FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

Naturally ahead

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

2017

2018

Mean of Positives: Corn By-product 10,000

4,410 1,997

1,931

ppb (log scale)

1,000

1,450

2,395

1,884

1,414 246

100

186

127

4

2016 Afla

ZEN

2017 B-Trich

FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

Naturally ahead

3

0 2015

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

500

165

10

1

2,925

2018

Mean of Positives: Corn Silage 10,000 1,893

ppb (log scale)

1,000

1,750 445

100

1,289

1,279 643

574

1,072

612

301

307 128

675 495

202

15 10

4

1 0

0

0

2015

2016

2017

0 2014

Afla

ZEN

B-Trich

FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

Naturally ahead

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

2018

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100

90

% of Total Samples

80

72

65 60

40

28

26 20 7

2

4

6

<LOD

One Toxin

0 <LOD

One Toxin Corn

Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

>1 Toxin

<LOD

One Toxin Corn Silage

>1 Toxin

>1 Toxin

Corn By-product

Co-occurrence: Corn 80

73

72

% of Total Samples

70

60

59 46

50

46

47

47

41

42

37

40

31

33

30

26

23

21 17

20

12

10 10

11 4

2

0 2012

2013

2014 <LOD

Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

2015 1 Mycotoxin

2016 >1 Mycotoxin

2017

2018

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn 40 35

% of Total Samples

35

30 25 20

18

16

15 10

10 5

2

0 ND

<LOD

Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

9

4 0.2 Afla

2

0 B-Trich

FUM

One toxin

ZEN

3

1

Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins

> 2 Toxins

Co-occurrence: Corn By-product 98

100

94

90

80 59 60

40

20

32

9

6

2 0 2015

<LOD

Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

0

0 2016

2017 1 Mycotoxin

>1 Mycotoxin

6 4 2018

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn By-product 90

81

% of Total Samples

80

70 60 50

40 30 20 10

4

0 ND

<LOD

Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

0 Afla

6

4

1

0

0

B-Trich

FUM

ZEN

Afla + FUM

One toxin

3

B-Trich B-Trich + FUM + ZEN Two Toxins

0

0

0

Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins

Co-occurrence: Corn Silage 80 70 60

65

64 54

61

53

50 40 40

37

30

30

30

28

20 10 10

10

6

6

7

0

2014

2015

2016 <LOD

Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

1 Mycotoxin

2017 >1 Mycotoxin

2018

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn Silage 45

42

% of Total Samples

40

35 30

25

25

20

17

15 10

7

5

6 2

1

0 ND

<LOD

Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Afla

B-Trich

FUM

One toxin

0 ZEN

0

0

0

0

Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins

> 2 Toxins

2018 Corn Risk by State: Afla n=3

n=10

n=12

n=59 3% 7

n=9

n=1 n=12 n=5

n=69

n=16 6% 53

n=1

n=1

n=12 17% 47

n=27 15% 20

n=38 5% 156

n=16 6% 25

n=22 n=2 50% 33 n=2 n=8; 50% 12

n=17

n=4 33% 1 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 20 ppb State with average < 20 ppb State with samples < LOD (1 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=14 36% 51

n= 20 25% 27

n=21 29% 46

n=1 100% 1 n=15 n=2

20% 583

n=2 50% 46

2018 Corn Risk by State: B-Trich n=3 100% 1,344

n=10 100% 437

n=10 80% 523

n=1 100% 422

n=1 100% 386

n=12 58% 240

n=4 25% 385 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=59 95% 1,483

n=69 99% 741

n=16 94% 970

n=12 100% 2,311

n=27 41% 2,586

n= 20 40% 2,612

n=12 100% 1,887 n=16 94% 534

n=39 87% 487

n=2; 50% 170 n=17; 82% 510

n=21 n=14 21% 637

n=22 100% 2,829

n=2 50% 261

n=15 40% 616

n=5 100% 1,595 n=2 100% 59 n=8; 63% 564 n=1 100% 388

n=1 100% 344

n=2 100% 148

2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: B-Trich

n=1 100% 357 n=3 100% 2,943 n=3 100% 1,022

• • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=19 95% 4,018

n=21 90% 2,577

n=2 50% 122

n=1 100% 1,172

n=2 100% 7,363

n=1 100% 2,656

n=1 n=6 100% 100% 2,523 1,626

n=1 100% 1,471

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values

n=2 100% 1,497

n=3 100% 3,814

n=1 100% 1,016

n=3 100% 3,885

2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: B-Trich n=7 100% 1,251

n=4 100% 574

n=2 100% 892

n=8 88% 709

n=1 100% 105 n=2 100% 2,330

n=11 91% 519

n=37 92% 1,978

n=2

n=3 33% 211

n=4 100% 1,324

n=4 100% 1,220

n=1 100% 892 n=18 100% 1,423 n=1 100% 227

n=3 100% 1,219 n=3 100% 740 n=3 67% 350

n=1 100% 325

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 50% 208

n=2 50% 106

2018 Corn Risk by State: FUM n=3 33% 100

n=10 20% 150

n=10 90% 388

n=1 100% 5,600

n=1

n=12 100% 11,617

n=4 100% 6,275 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=59 53% 668

n=69 68% 954

n=16 100% 5,831

n=14 79% 2,464

n=12 83% 510

n=27 96% 12,362

n= 20 185% 7,806

n=12 67% 650

n=16 88% 1,050

n=39 82% 1,558

n=22 64% 657

n=2; 100% 1,250

n=17; 100% 6,635 n=21 100% 2,386

n=2 100% 3,850

n=5 80% 3,525 n=2 100% 7,050

n=8;100% 7,087

n=1 100% n=15 1,400 100% 6,773

n=1 100% 2,600

n=2 100% 3,150

2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: FUM

n=2 100% 300

n=19 84% 856

n=1

n=3 100% 9,700 n=3 100% 333

• • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=1 100% 200

n=6 n=1 100% 100% 1,033 1,100

n=3 67% 850

n=2 100% 250

n=1 100% 300

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values

n=21 86% 1,356

n=2 100% 1400

n=1 100% 300

n=3 100% 900

n=3 100% 2,367

2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: FUM n=7

n=4

n=37 3% 200

n=2 50% 200 n=8 38% 167

n=1

n=2 100% 250

n=11

n=2 100% 350

n=3

n=4 50% 100

n=4 n=1 100% 100 n=18 50% 1,378

n=1

n=3 33% 400 n=3 100% 333 n=3; 67% 1,150

n=2 100% 100

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 50% 800

n=2

2018 Corn Risk by State: ZEN n=3 100% 202

n=10 20% 437

n=10 30% 482

n=69 68% 304

n=16 75% 337

n=1 n=1 100% 100% 157 157

n=1

n=12 8% 81

n=4 n=3

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=59 71% 321

n=12 67% 151

n=39 49% 168

n=22 82% 408

n=16 13% 167

n=5 80% 290

n=27 11% 1883

n=2 n=8; 13% 62

n=17; 47% 196

n=1 n=1

n= 20

n=2

n=15 7% 64

n=1

n=2 n=2

n=21 n=14 14% 228

n=12 92% 278

2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: ZEN

n=2 100% 138

n=19 89% 594

n=1

n=3 100% 423 n=3 67% 71

• • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=6 100% 387

n=1 100% 464

n=1 100% 295

n=3 100% 310

n=2

n=1 100% 146

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state _: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values

n=21 81% 630

n=2 100% 618

n=1 100% 135

n=1

n=3 100% 487

2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: ZEN n=7 86% 460

n=4 75% 68

n=2 50% 100

n=2 100% 2,083

n=8 75% 297

n=1 100% 60 n=11

n=37 73% 467

n=2

n=3

n=4 100% 1,096

n=4 75% 429 n=1 100% 126

n=18 72% 476 n=1 100%; 55

n=3 100% 800 n=3 67% 201

n=3

n=1

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state _: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 n=2

2018 Corn Survey Summary Corn

Corn Silage

Corn By-product

98% Positive vs.

89% in 2017

93% Positive vs.

91% in 2017

96% Positive vs.

100% in 2017

72% >1 MTX vs.

47% in 2017

65% >1 MTX vs.

30% in 2017

90% >1 MTX vs.

94% in 2017

B-Trich: 77% vs 70%

B-Trich: 86% vs 85%

B-Trich: 94% vs 99%

FUM: 78% vs 52% ZEN: 44% vs 25%

FUM: 30% vs 12%

FUM: 88% vs 91% ZEN: 84% vs 80%

ZEN: 59% vs 26%

Forecast for livestock production in 2019 MED to HIGH risk Naturally ahead

© BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Questions? raj.murugesan@biomin.net

erika.hendel@biomin.net

paige.gott@biomin.net

https://www.biomin.net/us/survey/

Thank You Naturally ahead

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019