Mycotoxin Occurrence in 2018 US Corn, Corn Silage, and Corn By-products Update June 7th, 2019 Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Sample Overview
7% 71% 3% 653 Samples from 30 States
9%
10%
1% Unknown Naturally ahead Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Sample Overview Sample Matrix
Sampling Reason 12%
20%
19%
11% 69%
69%
Corn
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Corn By-product
Fermented Corn
Survey
Clinical
Unspecified
Mycotoxins & Analysis
Mycotoxin Group
Aflatoxins (AFLA)
A-Trichothecenes (A-Trich)
LC-MS/MS
B-Trichothecenes (B-Trich)
Fumonisins (FUM)
3 Labs
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Mycotoxins
Limit of Detection (ppb)
Aflatoxin B1
1.3
Aflatoxin B2
1.2
Aflatoxin G1
1.1
Aflatoxin G2
1.6
T-2
100.0
HT-2
100.0
Neosolaniol
100.0
Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)
100.0
Deoxynivalenol (DON/Vomitoxin)
100.0
Acetyldeoxynivalenol (A-DON)
100.0
Nivalenol (NIV)
100.0
Fusarenon X (FUS-X)
100.0
Fumonisin B1
100.0
Fumonisin B2
100.0
Fumonisin B3
100.0
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
51.7 1.1
Occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100 90
95 89
Sample Matrix
20% 11% 69%
Corn Corn By-product
% of Total Samples
80
85
79
77
61 60 46 40 25 20 9
Fermented Corn
1 0 B-Trich
FUM Corn
Corn Silage
ZEN Corn By-product
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
1
Occurrence: Corn 100
500 88
% of Total Samples
80
79
74 59
60
51
70
54
40
46
42 403
40 24
25
20
0
8
8
49
61
2012
2013
321 18
278
25
450
150
100 6
4
1
9
50 0
2014
2015 Afla
2016 B-Trich
ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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250 200
14
14
# Samples per year
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350 300
52
353
53
77
400
2017 FUM
2018
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
450
80
Occurrence: Corn By-product
% of Total Samples
100 80 60
140 100 77 73
100
99
91
91
79
80
95 89
80 60
40
81 22
73 1
0
0 2015
2016
# Samples per year
2017 Afla
B-Trich
2018 ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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40 20
9
8
0
Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
100
85
126
20
120
FUM
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
120
Occurrence: Corn Silage 90
85
85
250
80
% of Total Samples
80
61
59
60
156
40
41 40 26
0 2014
150 130
132
# Samples per year
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50
12 0
1
0
0 2016 Afla
2017 B-Trich
ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
25
22
23 60 7 0 2015
100 26
25
20
200
208
2018 FUM
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
100
80
483
502
315
ppb (log scale)
1000
1,477
658
3,634
1,394
1,145
10000
2,854
Mean of Positives 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product
100
1 B-Trich
FUM Corn
Corn Silage
ZEN Corn By-product
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
3
4
10
Mean of Positives: Corn 100,000 21,652
ppb (log scale)
10,000
4,091 2,004
1,000
932
1,107
2,461 629
1,207
567 545
168 100
1,705
71 98
2,695 803
3,634 1,145 315
438
348
321
80
28
27
19
15
15
10 2012
2013
2014 Afla
ZEN
2015 B-Trich
2016 FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2017
2018
Mean of Positives: Corn By-product 10,000
4,410 2,395
1,884 1,931
1,997 1,414
ppb (log scale)
1,000 186
165
10
1
4
2016 Afla
ZEN
2017 B-Trich
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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3
01 2015
Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
1,477 483
246 127 100
2,854
2018
Mean of Positives: Corn Silage 10,000 1,893
ppb (log scale)
1,000
1,750 445
100
1,394
1,289 1,072
574 307
643 612
301
658 502
202
128 15
10
4
1 0
0
0
2015
2016
2017
0 2014
Afla
ZEN
B-Trich
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100
91
% of Total Samples
80
74 65
60
40 28
25 20 7
2
4
6
<LOD
One Toxin
0 <LOD
One Toxin Corn
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>1 Toxin
<LOD
One Toxin Corn Silage
>1 Toxin
>1 Toxin
Corn By-product
Co-occurrence: Corn 80
74
73
% of Total Samples
70 60
59
46
50
46
47
47
41
42
37
40 31
33
30
25
23
21 17
20
12
10 10
11
4
2
0 2012
2013
2014 <LOD
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2015 1 Mycotoxin
2016 >1 Mycotoxin
2017
2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn 40
37
% of Total Samples
35 30 25 18
20 15
15 10
10 5
4 2
0 ND
<LOD
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9
0.2 Afla
2
0 B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
ZEN
2
2
Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins
> 2 Toxins
Co-occurrence: Corn By-product 98
100
94
91
80
60
40
59
32
20 9 0 2015
<LOD
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6 0
2 0 2016
2017 1 Mycotoxin
>1 Mycotoxin
5 4 2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn By-product 90
82
% of Total Samples
80 70 60 50 40
30 20 10
4
0 ND
<LOD
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0 Afla
5
4
1
0
0
B-Trich
FUM
ZEN
Afla + FUM
One toxin
3
B-Trich B-Trich + FUM + ZEN Two Toxins
0
0
0
Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins
Co-occurrence: Corn Silage 80 70 60
65
64 54
61
53
50 40 40
37 30
30
30
28
20 10 10
10
6
6
7
0 2014
2015
2016 <LOD
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1 Mycotoxin
2017 >1 Mycotoxin
2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn Silage 45
42
% of Total Samples
40 35 30 25
25 20
17
15 10
7
5
6 2
1
0 ND
<LOD
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Afla
B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
0 ZEN
0
0
0
0
Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins
> 2 Toxins
2018 Corn Risk by State: Afla n=3
n=10
n=13
n=60 3% 7
n=9
n=1 n=14 n=5
n=70
n=18 6% 53
n=1
n=1
n=12 17% 47
n=27 15% 20
n=48 4% 156
n=20 5% 25
n=22 n=2 50% 33 n=2 n=8; 50% 12
n=17
n=4 33% 1 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 20 ppb State with average < 20 ppb State with samples < LOD (1 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=18 28% 51
n= 20 25% 27
n=21 29% 46
n=1 100% 1 n=15 n=2
20% 583
n=1
n=2 50% 46
2018 Corn Risk by State: B-Trich n=3 100% 1,344
n=10 100% 437
n=10 80% 523
n=1 100% 422
n=1 100% 386
n=12 58% 240
n=4 25% 385 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=60 95% 1,490
n=70 99% 741
n=18 94% 1,155
n=13 100% 2,216
n=27 41% 2,586
n= 20 40% 2,612
n=14 100% 1,700 n=20 95% 591
n=48 90% 523
n=2; 50% 170 n=17; 82% 510
n=21 n=18 17% 637
n=22 100% 2,829
n=2 50% 261
n=15 40% 616
n=5 100% 1,595 n=2 100% 59 n=8; 63% 564 n=1 100% 388
n=1 100% 1,158
n=1 100% 344
n=2 100% 148
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: B-Trich
n=1 100% 357 n=3 100% 2,943 n=3 100% 1,022
• • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=20 95% 3,903
n=22 91% 2,489
n=3 67% 675
n=6 100% 1,626
n=1 100% 1,172
n=2 100% 7,363
n=1 100% 2,656 n=1 100% 2,523
n=1 100% 1,471
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=2 100% 1,497
n=3 100% 3,814
n=1 100% 1,016
n=3 100% 3,885
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: B-Trich n=9 100% 1,491
n=4 100% 574
n=2 100% 892
n=8 88% 709
n=2 100% 892 n=11 91% 519
n=41 93% 2,234
n=2
n=3 33% 211
n=4 100% 1,324
n=4 100% 1,220 n=1 100% 892 n=18 100% 1,423 n=1 100% 227
n=3 100% 1,219 n=3 100% 740 n=4 75% 993
n=1 100% 325
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 50% 208
n=2 50% 106
2018 Corn Risk by State: FUM n=3 33% 100
n=10 20% 150
n=10 90% 388
n=1 100% 5,600
n=1
n=12 100% 11,617
n=4 100% 6,275 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=60 53% 656
n=70 67% 954
n=18 94% 5,623
n=13 85% 482
n=27 96% 12,362
n= 20 185% 7,806
n=14 71% 630 n=20 90% 1,011
n=48 85% 1,370
n=22 64% 657
n=2; 100% 1,250
n=17; 100% 6,635 n=21 100% 2,386
n=2 100% 3,850
n=5 80% 3,525 n=2 100% 7,050 n=8;100% 7,087
n=1 100% n=15 1,400 100% 6,773
n=18 83% 2,147
n=1 100% 600
n=1 100% 2,600
n=2 100% 3,150
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: FUM
n=2 100% 300
n=20 85% 818
n=1
n=3 100% 9,700 n=3 100% 333
• • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=6 100% 1,033
n=1 100% 200 n=1 100% 1,100
n=3 67% 850
n=3 100% 2,067
n=1 100% 300
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=22 86% 1,295
n=2 100% 1,400
n=1 100% 300
n=3 100% 900
n=3 100% 2,367
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: FUM n=9 22% 250
n=4
n=41 5% 150
n=2 50% 200 n=8 38% 167
n=1
n=11
n=2 100% 350
n=3
n=4 50% 100
n=4 n=1 100% 100 n=18 50% 1,378
n=1
n=3 33% 400 n=3 100% 333 n=4; 50% 1,150
n=1 100% 100
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 50% 800
n=2
2018 Corn Risk by State: ZEN n=3 100% 202
n=10 20% 437
n=10 30% 482
n=70 69% 301
n=18 78% 495
n=1 n=1 100% 100% 157 157
n=1
n=12 8% 81
n=4 n=3
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=60 72% 317
n=14 64% 141
n=48 56% 178
n=22 82% 408
n=20 20% 122
n=5 80% 290
n=27 11% 1,883
n=2 n=8; 13% 62
n=17; 47% 196
n=1 n=1
n= 20
n=2
n=1
n=2 n=2
n=21 n=18 11% 228
n=13 92% 270
n=15 7% 64
n=1 100% 593
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: ZEN
n=2 100% 138
n=20 90% 580
n=1
n=3 100% 423 n=3 67% 71
• • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=6 100% 387
n=1 100% 464 n=1 100% 295
n=3 100% 310
n=3 33 70
n=1 100% 146
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state _: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=22 82% 599
n=2 100% 618
n=1 100% 135
n=1
n=3 100% 487
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: ZEN n=9 89% 865
n=4 75% 68
n=2 50% 100
n=2 100% 2,083
n=8 75% 297
n=1 100% 60 n=11
n=41 76% 489
n=2
n=3
n=4 100% 1,096
n=4 75% 429 n=1 100% 126 n=18 72% 476 n=1 100%; 55
n=3 100% 800 n=3 67% 201 n=3
n=1
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state _: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 n=2
2018 Corn Survey Summary Corn
Corn Silage
Corn By-product
98% Positive vs. 89% in 2017
93% Positive vs. 91% in 2017
96% Positive vs. 100% in 2017
74% >1 MTX vs. 47% in 2017
65% >1 MTX vs. 30% in 2017
91% >1 MTX vs. 94% in 2017
B-Trich: 77% vs 70%
B-Trich: 90% vs 85%
B-Trich: 95% vs 99%
FUM: 79% vs 52% ZEN: 46% vs 25%
FUM: 25% vs 12%
FUM: 89% vs 91% ZEN: 85% vs 80%
ZEN: 61% vs 26%
Forecast for livestock production in 2019 MED to HIGH risk Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Questions? raj.murugesan@biomin.net
erika.hendel@biomin.net
paige.gott@biomin.net
https://www.biomin.net/us/survey/
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