Mycotoxin Occurrence in 2018 US Corn, Corn Silage, and Corn By-products Update August 2, 2019 Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Sample Overview
7% 71% 3% 691 Samples from 32 States
9%
10%
1% Unknown Naturally ahead Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Sample Overview Sample Matrix
Sampling Reason 12%
21%
20%
11% 68%
67%
Corn
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Corn By-product
Fermented Corn
Survey
Clinical
Unspecified
Mycotoxins & Analysis
Mycotoxin Group
Aflatoxins (AFLA)
A-Trichothecenes (A-Trich)
LC-MS/MS
B-Trichothecenes (B-Trich)
Fumonisins (FUM)
3 Labs
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Mycotoxins
Limit of Detection (ppb)
Aflatoxin B1
1.3
Aflatoxin B2
1.2
Aflatoxin G1
1.1
Aflatoxin G2
1.6
T-2
100.0
HT-2
100.0
Neosolaniol
100.0
Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)
100.0
Deoxynivalenol (DON/Vomitoxin)
100.0
Acetyldeoxynivalenol (A-DON)
100.0
Nivalenol (NIV)
100.0
Fusarenon X (FUS-X)
100.0
Fumonisin B1
100.0
Fumonisin B2
100.0
Fumonisin B3
100.0
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
51.7 1.1
Occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100
91
94
89
Sample Matrix
21% 11% 67%
Corn Corn By-product
% of Total Samples
80
84
79
78
61 60 46 40 25
20 9
Fermented Corn
1 0 B-Trich
FUM Corn
Corn Silage
ZEN Corn By-product
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
3
Occurrence: Corn 100
500 88
% of Total Samples
80
79
74 59
60
51
70
54
40
46
42 403
40 24
25
20
0
8
8
49
61
2012
2013
321 18
278
25
14 6
14
4
1 2014
2015 Afla
2016 B-Trich
ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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250 200
466 9
150 100 50 0
# Samples per year
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350 300
52
353
53
78
400
2017 FUM
2018
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
450
80
Occurrence: Corn By-product 140 100
% of Total Samples
100 80
100
99
91 77
94
91
89
80
79
120 100
84 80
73 60 126
60
40
81
20 22 0
79
20
9
8
3
0
0 2015
2016
# Samples per year
2017 Afla
B-Trich
2018 ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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40
FUM
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
120
Occurrence: Corn Silage 100
91
250
80
% of Total Samples
80
60
61
59
150
156
146 132
41 40
100
40 26
25
2014
23 60 7 0 2015
20
0
# Samples per year
26
22
Naturally ahead
25 50
12 0
1
0
0 2016 Afla
2017 B-Trich
ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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200
208
2018 FUM
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
85
85
133
475
470
315
ppb (log scale)
1000
1,439
656
3,582
1,426
1,137
10000
2,780
Mean of Positives 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product
100
1 B-Trich
FUM Corn
Corn Silage
ZEN Corn By-product
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
3
4
10
Mean of Positives: Corn 100,000
21,652
ppb (log scale)
10,000
4,091 2,004
1,000
932
1,107
2,461 629
1,207
567 545
168 100
1,705
71 98
438
348
2,695
803
321
3,571
1,134 315 133
28
27
19
15
15
10 2012
2013
2014 Afla
ZEN
2015 B-Trich
2016 FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2017
2018
Mean of Positives: Corn By-product 10,000
4,410 1,997
1,931
ppb (log scale)
1,000
1,439
2,395
1,884
1,414 246 127
165
2,780
475
186
100
10
1
4 0 2015
2016 Afla
ZEN
2017 B-Trich
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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3
2018
Mean of Positives: Corn Silage 10,000 1,893
ppb (log scale)
1,000
1,750 445
100
1,399
1,289
643
574 1,072
612 307 128
301
656 482
202
15 10
4
1
0
0
0
2015
2016
2017
0 2014
Afla
ZEN
B-Trich
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100
91
% of Total Samples
80
74 67
60
40 27
24 20 6
2
4
5
<LOD
One Toxin
0
<LOD
One Toxin Corn
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>1 Toxin
<LOD
One Toxin Corn Silage
>1 Toxin
>1 Toxin
Corn By-product
Co-occurrence: Corn 80
74
73
% of Total Samples
70 60
59 46
50
46
47
47
41
42
37
40 31
33
30
24
23
21 17
20
12
10 10
11 4
2
0 2012
2013
2014 <LOD
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2015 1 Mycotoxin
2016 >1 Mycotoxin
2017
2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn 40 35
% of Total Samples
35 30 25 18
20 15
15 10
10 5
4 2
0.2
ND
Afla
0
<LOD
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9
2
0 B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
ZEN
2
2
Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins
> 2 Toxins
Co-occurrence: Corn By-product 100
98
94
2
6 0
91
80 59 60
40
32
20
9 0 2015
2016 <LOD
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0
2017 1 Mycotoxin
>1 Mycotoxin
5 4 2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn By-product 90
81
% of Total Samples
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
5
0 ND
<LOD
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0 Afla
5 B-Trich
1
0
0
FUM
ZEN
Afla + FUM
One toxin
5
3
B-Trich B-Trich + FUM + ZEN Two Toxins
0
0
0
Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins
Co-occurrence: Corn Silage 80
70 60
66
64 54
61
53
50 40 40
37 30
30
30
27
20 10
6
10
10 6
6
0 2014
2015
2016 <LOD
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1 Mycotoxin
2017 >1 Mycotoxin
2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn Silage 44
45
% of Total Samples
40 35 30 25
25 20
16
15 10
6
5
6
2
1
0 ND
<LOD
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Afla
B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
0 ZEN
0
0
1
0
Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins
> 2 Toxins
2018 Corn Risk by State: Afla n=3
n=12
n=13
n=60 3% 7
n=10
n=1 n=14 n=5
n=73
n=23 5% 53
n=1
n=1
n=12 17% 47
n=27 15% 20
n=50 4% 156
n=22 5% 25
n=22 n=2 50% 33 n=2 n=8; 50% 12
n=17
n=4 33% 1 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 20 ppb State with average < 20 ppb State with samples < LOD (1 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=18 28% 51
n= 20 25% 27
n=21 29% 46
n=1 100% 1 n=15 n=2
20% 583
n=3
n=2 50% 46
2018 Corn Risk by State: B-Trich n=3 100% 1,344
n=12 100% 437
n=10 80% 523
n=1 100% 422
n=1 100% 386
n=12 58% 240
n=4 25% 385 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=60 95% 1,490
n=73 99% 728
n=23 96% 979
n=13 100% 2,216
n=27 41% 2,586
n= 20 40% 2,612
n=14 100% 1,700 n=22 n=22 86% 100% 1,011 2,829
n=50 90% 525
n=2; 50% 170 n=17; 82% 510
n=21 n=18 17% 637
n=2 50% 261
n=15 40% 616
n=5 100% 1,595 n=2 100% 59 n=8; 63% 564 n=1 100% 388
n=3 100% 2,257
n=1 100% 344
n=2 100% 148
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: B-Trich
n=1 100% 357 n=3 100% 2,943 n=3 100% 1,022
• • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=22 95% 3,777
n=22 91% 2,489
n=3 67% 675
n=6 100% 1,626
n=1 100% 1,172
n=2 100% 7,363
n=1 100% 2,656 n=1 100% 2,523
n=1 100% 1,471
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=5 100% 907
n=5 100% 3,581
n=1 100% 1,016
n=3 100% 3,885
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: B-Trich n=11 100% 1,548
n=2 100% 1,234
n=5 100% 1013
n=2 100% 892
n=12 92% 1,119
n=1 100% 105 n=11 91% 519
n=42 93% 2,202
n=4 50% 1,221
n=3 33% 211
n=5 100% 1,335
n=4 100% 1,220 n=1 100% 892 n=19 100% 1,490 n=2 100% 465
n=3 100% 1,219 n=3 100% 740 n=4 75% 993
n=1 100% 325
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 50% 208
n=2 50% 106
n=1 100% 2,017
2018 Corn Risk by State: FUM n=3 33% 100
n=12 25% 167
n=10 90% 388
n=1 100% 5,600
n=1
n=12 100% 11,617
n=4 100% 6,275 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=60 53% 656
n=73 67% 932
n=23 96% 5,109
n=13 85% 482
n=27 96% 12,362
n= 20 185% 7,806
n=14 71% 630 n=22 86% 1,011
n=50 84% 1,345
n=22 64% 657
n=2; 100% 1,250
n=17; 100% 6,635 n=21 100% 2,386
n=2 100% 3,850
n=5 80% 3,525 n=2 100% 7,050 n=8;100% 7,087
n=1 100% 1,400 n=15 100% 6,773
n=18 83% 2,147
n=3 100% 600
n=1 100% 2,600
n=2 100% 3,150
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: FUM
n=5 100% 200
n=21 86% 789
n=1
n=3 100% 9,700 n=3 100% 333
• • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=6 100% 1,033
n=1 100% 200 n=1 100% 1,100
n=5 60% 767
n=3 100% 2,067
n=1 100% 300
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=22 86% 1,295
n=2 100% 1,400
n=1 100% 300
n=1 100% 900
n=3 100% 2,367
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: FUM n=11 18% 250
n=5
n=2
n=42 5% 150
n=2 50% 200 n=12 25% 167
n=1
n=11
n=4 100% 600
n=3
n=5 40% 100
n=4 n=1 100% 100 n=19 47% 1,378
n=1
n=3 33% 400 n=3 100% 333 n=4; 50% 1,150
n=1 100% 100
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 50% 800
n=2
n=1
2018 Corn Risk by State: ZEN n=3 100% 202
n=12 17% 437
n=10 30% 482
n=73 68% 292
n=23 70% 455
n=1 n=1 100% 100% 157 157
n=1
n=12 8% 81
n=4 n=3
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=60 72% 317
n=14 64% 141
n=50 56% 206
n=22 82% 408
n=22 27% 212
n=5 80% 290
n=27 11% 1,883
n=2 n=8; 13% 62
n=17; 47% 196
n=1 n=1
n= 20
n=2
n=1
n=2
n=2
n=21 n=18 11% 228
n=13 92% 270
n=15 7% 64
n=3 100% 405
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: ZEN
n=3 100% 129
n=21 90% 564
n=1
n=3 100% 423 n=3 67% 71
• • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=6 100% 387
n=1 100% 464 n=1 100% 295
n=3 100% 310
n=3 33 70
n=1 100% 146
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=22 82% 599
n=2 100% 618
n=1 100% 135
n=1
n=3 100% 487
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: ZEN n=11 91% 739
n=2
n=5 80% 67
n=2 50% 100
n=12 75% 290
n=1 100% 60 n=11
n=42 76% 485
n=4
n=3
n=5 80% 1,096
n=1 100% 93
n=4 75% 429 n=1 100% 126
n=19 74% 450 n=2 100%; 157
n=3 100% 800 n=3 67% 201 n=3
n=1
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 n=2
2018 Corn By-product Co-occurrence by State
n=5 2.6 n=20 2.76
n=1 1 n=3 3.33 n=3 2.67
• • • •
State with average toxins/sample >2 State with average toxins/sample >1 and ≤ 2 State with average toxins/sample ≤1 No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=6 3
n=1 3
n=1 3
n=5 2.4 n=3 3.33
n=3 2.33
n=1 3
National Average = 2.73 n: # of samples submitted/state xത : average toxins per sample
n=22 2.59
n=2 4
n=1 3
n=1 2
2018 Corn Silage Co-occurrence by State n=11 2.09
n=5 1.8
n=2 1.0
n=42 1.74
n=2 2.0 n=12 1.97
n=1 1.0 n=11 0.91
n=4 1.75
• • • •
State with average toxins/sample >2 State with average toxins/sample >1 and ≤ 2 State with average toxins/sample ≤1 No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=1 3.0 n=3 2.33
n=5 2.0
n=19 1.11
n=2 2.5
n=3 2.68 n=3 1.25
n=1 2.0
National Average = 1.76 n: # of samples submitted/state xത : average toxins per sample
n=3 0.67
n=4 1.75
n=2 1.0 n=2 0.50
n=1 2.0
2018 Corn Survey Summary Corn
Corn Silage
Corn By-product
98% Positive vs. 89% in 2017
94% Positive vs. 91% in 2017
96% Positive vs. 100% in 2017
74% >1 MTX vs. 47% in 2017
66% >1 MTX vs. 30% in 2017
91% >1 MTX vs. 94% in 2017
B-Trich: 78% vs 70%
B-Trich: 91% vs 85%
B-Trich: 94% vs 99%
FUM: 79% vs 52% ZEN: 46% vs 25%
FUM: 25% vs 12%
FUM: 89% vs 91% ZEN: 84% vs 80%
ZEN: 61% vs 26%
Forecast for livestock production in 2019 MED to HIGH risk Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Questions? raj.murugesan@biomin.net
erika.hendel@biomin.net
paige.gott@biomin.net
https://www.biomin.net/us/survey/
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