Mycotoxin Survey in US corn: July 2019 update

Mycotoxin Occurrence in 2018 US Corn, Corn Silage, and Corn By-products Update July 12th, 2019 Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Sample Overview

7% 71% 3% 675 Samples from 30 States

9%

10%

1% Unknown Naturally ahead Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Sample Overview Sample Matrix

Sampling Reason 12%

21%

20%

11% 68%

68%

Corn

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Corn By-product

Fermented Corn

Survey

Clinical

Unspecified

Mycotoxins & Analysis

Mycotoxin Group

Aflatoxins (AFLA)

A-Trichothecenes (A-Trich)

LC-MS/MS

B-Trichothecenes (B-Trich)

Fumonisins (FUM)

3 Labs

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Mycotoxins

Limit of Detection (ppb)

Aflatoxin B1

1.3

Aflatoxin B2

1.2

Aflatoxin G1

1.1

Aflatoxin G2

1.6

T-2

100.0

HT-2

100.0

Neosolaniol

100.0

Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)

100.0

Deoxynivalenol (DON/Vomitoxin)

100.0

Acetyldeoxynivalenol (A-DON)

100.0

Nivalenol (NIV)

100.0

Fusarenon X (FUS-X)

100.0

Fumonisin B1

100.0

Fumonisin B2

100.0

Fumonisin B3

100.0

Zearalenone (ZEN)

Zearalenone (ZEN)

Ocharatoxin A (OTA)

Ocharatoxin A (OTA)

51.7 1.1

Occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100

91

95 89

85

Sample Matrix

21% 11% 68%

Corn Corn By-product

% of Total Samples

80

78

78 61

60 46 40 26 20 9

Fermented Corn

1 0 B-Trich

FUM Corn

Corn Silage

ZEN Corn By-product

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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Afla

3

Occurrence: Corn 100

500 88

% of Total Samples

80

78

74 59

60

51

70

54

40

46

42 403

40 24

25

20

0

8

8

49

61

2012

2013

321 18

278

25

14

2014

2015 Afla

2016 B-Trich

ZEN

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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150

100 50 0

# Samples per year

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

460

4

1

250 200

9

6

14

350 300

52

353

53

78

400

2017 FUM

2018

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

450

80

Occurrence: Corn By-product 140 100

100

99

% of Total Samples

100 80

91 77

91 79

80

95

120

89 85

100

73

80

60 126

60

40

81

20 22 0

0 2015

75

20

9

8

3 0

2016

# Samples per year

2017 Afla

B-Trich

2018 ZEN

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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40

FUM

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

120

Occurrence: Corn Silage 100

91

250

80

% of Total Samples

80

200

208 61

59

60

150

156 40

20

41 40 26

140

132

100 25 23 60 7 0

26

22

26

50

12 0

1

0

0

0 2014

2015

# Samples per year

2016 Afla

2017 B-Trich

ZEN

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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2018 FUM

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

85

85

133

475

482

313

ppb (log scale)

1000

1,439

656

3,582

1,399

1,137

10000

2,780

Mean of Positives 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product

100

1 B-Trich

FUM Corn

Corn Silage

ZEN Corn By-product

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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Afla

3

4

10

Mean of Positives: Corn 100,000 21,652

ppb (log scale)

10,000

4,091 2,004

1,000

932

1,107

2,461 629

1,207

567 545

168 100

1,705

71 98

438

348

2,695 803

321

3,582 1,137

313 133

28

27

19

15

15

10 2012

2013

2014 Afla

ZEN

2015 B-Trich

2016 FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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2017

2018

Mean of Positives: Corn By-product 10,000

4,410 1,997

1,931

ppb (log scale)

1,000

1,439

2,395

1,884

1,414 246 127

165

2,780 475

186

100

10

1

4 0 2015

2016 Afla

ZEN

2017 B-Trich

FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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3

2018

Mean of Positives: Corn Silage 10,000 1,893

ppb (log scale)

1,000

1,750 445

100

1,399

1,289

643

574 1,072

612 307 128

301

656 482

202

15 10

4

1 0

0

0

2015

2016

2017

0 2014

Afla

ZEN

B-Trich

FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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2018

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100

91

% of Total Samples

80

74 67

60

40 27

25 20 6

2

4

5

<LOD

One Toxin

0 <LOD

One Toxin Corn

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>1 Toxin

<LOD

One Toxin Corn Silage

>1 Toxin

>1 Toxin

Corn By-product

Co-occurrence: Corn 80

74

73

% of Total Samples

70 60

59

46

50

46

47

47

41

42

37

40 31

33

30

25

23

21 17

20

12

10 10

11

4

2

0 2012

2013

2014 <LOD

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2015 1 Mycotoxin

2016 >1 Mycotoxin

2017

2018

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn 40 35

% of Total Samples

35 30 25 18

20 15

15 10

10 5

4 2

0 ND

<LOD

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9

0.2 Afla

2

0 B-Trich

FUM

One toxin

ZEN

2

2

Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins

> 2 Toxins

Co-occurrence: Corn By-product 98

94

9

2 0

6 0

5 4

2015

2016

2017

2018

100

91

80

60

40

59

3

20

0 <LOD

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1 Mycotoxin

>1 Mycotoxin

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn By-product 90

83

% of Total Samples

80 70 60 50 40

30 20 10

4

0 ND

<LOD

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0 Afla

4

1

0

0

B-Trich

FUM

ZEN

Afla + FUM

One toxin

5

3

B-Trich B-Trich + FUM + ZEN Two Toxins

0

0

0

Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins

Co-occurrence: Corn Silage 80 70 60

67

64 54

61

53

50 40 40

37 30

30

30

26

20 10 10

10

6

6

6

0 2014

2015

2016 <LOD

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1 Mycotoxin

2017 >1 Mycotoxin

2018

Co-occurrence 2018: Corn Silage 44

45

% of Total Samples

40 35 30

24

25 20

16

15 10

6

5

6 2

1

0 ND

<LOD

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Afla

B-Trich

FUM

One toxin

0 ZEN

0

0

1

0

Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins

> 2 Toxins

2018 Corn Risk by State: Afla n=3

n=11

n=13

n=60 3% 7

n=10

n=1 n=14 n=5

n=72

n=21 5% 53

n=1

n=1

n=12 17% 47

n=27 15% 20

n=49 4% 156

n=22 5% 25

n=22 n=2 50% 33 n=2 n=8; 50% 12

n=17

n=4 33% 1 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 20 ppb State with average < 20 ppb State with samples < LOD (1 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=18 28% 51

n= 20 25% 27

n=21 29% 46

n=1 100% 1 n=15 n=2

20% 583

n=2

n=2 50% 46

2018 Corn Risk by State: B-Trich n=3 100% 1,344

n=11 100% 450

n=10 80% 523

n=1 100% 422

n=1 100% 386

n=12 58% 240

n=4 25% 385 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=60 95% 1,490

n=72 99% 735

n=21 95% 1,029

n=13 100% 2,216

n=27 41% 2,586

n= 20 40% 2,612

n=14 100% 1,700 n=22 n=22 86% 100% 1,011 2,829

n=49 90% 531

n=2; 50% 170 n=17; 82% 510

n=21 n=18 17% 637

n=2 50% 261

n=15 40% 616

n=5 100% 1,595 n=2 100% 59 n=8; 63% 564 n=1 100% 388

n=2 100% 1,319

n=1 100% 344

n=2 100% 148

2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: B-Trich

n=1 100% 357 n=3 100% 2,943 n=3 100% 1,022

• • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=22 95% 3,777

n=22 91% 2,489

n=3 67% 675

n=6 100% 1,626

n=1 100% 1,172

n=2 100% 7,363

n=1 100% 2,656 n=1 100% 2,523

n=1 100% 1,471

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values

n=3 100% 1,146

n=3 100% 3,814

n=1 100% 1,016

n=3 100% 3,885

2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: B-Trich n=11 100% 1,548

n=5 100% 1013

n=2 100% 892

n=10 90% 845

n=1 100% 105 n=11 91% 519

n=42 93% 2,202

n=4 50% 1,221

n=3 33% 211

n=5 100% 1,335

n=4 100% 1,220 n=1 100% 892 n=18 100% 1,423 n=2 100% 465

n=3 100% 1,219 n=3 100% 740 n=4 75% 993

n=1 100% 325

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 50% 208

n=2 50% 106

2018 Corn Risk by State: FUM n=3 33% 100

n=11 18% 150

n=10 90% 388

n=1 100% 5,600

n=1

n=12 100% 11,617

n=4 100% 6,275 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=60 53% 656

n=72 67% 945

n=21 95% 4,840

n=13 85% 482

n=27 96% 12,362

n= 20 185% 7,806

n=14 71% 630 n=22 86% 1,011

n=49 84% 1,370

n=22 64% 657

n=2; 100% 1,250

n=17; 100% 6,635 n=21 100% 2,386

n=2 100% 3,850

n=5 80% 3,525 n=2 100% 7,050 n=8;100% 7,087

n=1 100% n=15 1,400 100% 6,773

n=18 83% 2,147

n=2 100% 450

n=1 100% 2,600

n=2 100% 3,150

2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: FUM

n=3 100% 233

n=21 86% 789

n=1

n=3 100% 9,700 n=3 100% 333

• • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=6 100% 1,033

n=1 100% 200 n=1 100% 1,100

n=3 67% 850

n=3 100% 2,067

n=1 100% 300

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values

n=22 86% 1,295

n=2 100% 1,400

n=1 100% 300

n=1 100% 900

n=3 100% 2,367

2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: FUM n=11 18% 250

n=5

n=42 5% 150

n=2 50% 200 n=10 30% 167

n=1

n=11

n=4 100% 600

n=3

n=5 40% 100

n=4 n=1 100% 100 n=18 50% 1,378

n=1

n=3 33% 400 n=3 100% 333 n=4; 50% 1,150

n=1 100% 100

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 50% 800

n=2

2018 Corn Risk by State: ZEN n=3 100% 202

n=11 18% 437

n=10 30% 482

n=72 69% 292

n=21 71% 475

n=1 n=1 100% 100% 157 157

n=1

n=12 8% 81

n=4 n=3

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=60 72% 317

n=14 64% 141

n=49 55% 178

n=22 82% 408

n=22 27% 212

n=5 80% 290

n=27 11% 1,883

n=2 n=8; 13% 62

n=17; 47% 196

n=1 n=1

n= 20

n=2

n=1

n=2 n=2

n=21 n=18 11% 228

n=13 92% 270

n=15 7% 64

n=2 100% 396

2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: ZEN

n=3 100% 129

n=21 90% 564

n=1

n=3 100% 423 n=3 67% 71

• • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=6 100% 387

n=1 100% 464 n=1 100% 295

n=3 100% 310

n=3 33 70

n=1 100% 146

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values

n=22 82% 599

n=2 100% 618

n=1 100% 135

n=1

n=3 100% 487

2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: ZEN n=11 91% 739

n=5 80% 67

n=2 50% 100

n=10 80% 311

n=1 100% 60 n=11

n=42 76% 485

n=4

n=3

n=5 80% 1,096

n=4 75% 429 n=1 100% 126 n=18 72% 476 n=2 100%; 157

n=3 100% 800 n=3 67% 201 n=3

n=1

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

n=2 n=2

2018 Corn Survey Summary Corn

Corn Silage

Corn By-product

98% Positive vs.

89% in 2017

94% Positive vs.

91% in 2017

96% Positive vs.

100% in 2017

74% >1 MTX vs.

47% in 2017

67% >1 MTX vs.

30% in 2017

91% >1 MTX vs.

94% in 2017

B-Trich: 78% vs 70%

B-Trich: 91% vs 85%

B-Trich: 95% vs 99%

FUM: 78% vs 52% ZEN: 46% vs 25%

FUM: 26% vs 12%

FUM: 89% vs 91% ZEN: 85% vs 80%

ZEN: 61% vs 26%

Forecast for livestock production in 2019 MED to HIGH risk Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019

Questions? raj.murugesan@biomin.net

erika.hendel@biomin.net

paige.gott@biomin.net

https://www.biomin.net/us/survey/

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