Mycotoxin Occurrence in 2018 US Corn, Corn Silage, and Corn By-products Update September 9, 2019 Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Sample Overview
7% 72% 3% 726 Samples from 32 States
8%
10%
1% Unknown Naturally ahead Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Sample Overview Sample Matrix
Sampling Reason 11%
21%
21%
12% 67%
67%
Corn
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Corn By-product
Fermented Corn
Survey
Clinical
Unspecified
Mycotoxins & Analysis
Mycotoxin Group
Aflatoxins (AFLA)
A-Trichothecenes (A-Trich)
LC-MS/MS
B-Trichothecenes (B-Trich)
Fumonisins (FUM)
3 Labs
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Mycotoxins
Limit of Detection (ppb)
Aflatoxin B1
1.3
Aflatoxin B2
1.2
Aflatoxin G1
1.1
Aflatoxin G2
1.6
T-2
100.0
HT-2
100.0
Neosolaniol
100.0
Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)
100.0
Deoxynivalenol (DON/Vomitoxin)
100.0
Acetyldeoxynivalenol (A-DON)
100.0
Nivalenol (NIV)
100.0
Fusarenon X (FUS-X)
100.0
Fumonisin B1
100.0
Fumonisin B2
100.0
Fumonisin B3
100.0
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Zearalenone (ZEN)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
Ocharatoxin A (OTA)
51.7 1.1
Occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100
92
93 85
Sample Matrix
21%
12% 67%
Corn Corn By-product
% of Total Samples
80
84
78
78
60
60 46 40 25
20 9
Fermented Corn
1 0 B-Trich
FUM Corn
Corn Silage
ZEN Corn By-product
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
2
Occurrence: Corn 100
600 80
% of Total Samples
80 59
60
51
70
54
46
42
25 18 321
20 8 49 2012
8 61 2013
25 403
353
278 14
6
14
4
1 2014
2015 Afla
2016 B-Trich
ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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487 9
300
200 100 0
# Samples per year
Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
78
52
40 24
500 400
53
40
0
78
74
2017 FUM
2018
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
88
Occurrence: Corn By-product 140 100
% of Total Samples
100 80
77
100
99
91
91
79
80
93 85
120 100
84
73
80
60 126
60
40 20 0
85
81 22
20
9
8
2
0 2015
0 2016
# Samples per year
2017 Afla
B-Trich
2018 ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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40
FUM
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
120
Occurrence: Corn Silage 100
92
250
80
% of Total Samples
80
60
59
60
156
40
41 40 26
153
0 2014
100 25
2015
# Samples per year
26
22
25 50
12 0
1
0
0 2016 Afla
2017 B-Trich
ZEN
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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150
132
23 60 7 0
20
Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
200
208
2018 FUM
Total Samples Analyzed/Year
85
85
1,597
130
471
312
100
4
10
1 B-Trich
FUM Corn
Corn Silage
ZEN Corn By-product
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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Afla
5
ppb (log scale)
1000
1,399
629
3,516
1,433
1,141
10000
4,154
Mean of Positives 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product
Mean of Positives: Corn 100,000
21,652
ppb (log scale)
10,000
4,091 2,004
1,000
932
1,107
2,461 629
1,207
567 545
168 100
1,705
71 98
438
348
2,695
803
321
3,516 1,141 312 130
28
27
19
15
15
10 2012
2013
2014 Afla
ZEN
2015 B-Trich
2016 FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2017
2018
Mean of Positives: Corn By-product 10,000
4,410
4,154 1,997 1,414
1,931
ppb (log scale)
1,000
2,395
1,884
1,399 246
165 100
186
127
10
1
4
5
2017
2018
01 2015
2016 Afla
ZEN
B-Trich
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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1,597
Mean of Positives: Corn Silage 10,000 1,893
ppb (log scale)
1,000
1,750
574
445
307
100
1,433
1,289
643 1,072 612 301
629 471
202
128 15
10
4
1
0
0
0
2015
2016
2017
0 2014
Afla
ZEN
B-Trich
FUM
B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples
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2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn, Corn Silage, Corn By-product 100
88
% of Total Samples
80
74 67
60
40 27
25 20 6
1
6
6
<LOD
One Toxin
0
<LOD
One Toxin Corn
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>1 Toxin
<LOD
One Toxin Corn Silage
>1 Toxin
>1 Toxin
Corn By-product
Co-occurrence: Corn 80
74
73
% of Total Samples
70 60
59 46
50
46
47
47
41
42
37
40 31
33
30
25
23
21 17
20
12
10 10
11 4
1
0 2012
2013
2014 <LOD
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2015 1 Mycotoxin
2016 >1 Mycotoxin
2017
2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn 40 35
% of Total Samples
35 30 25 18
20 14
15 10
10 5
4 1
0.2
ND
Afla
0
<LOD
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9 2
0 B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
ZEN
2
1
Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins
> 2 Toxins
Co-occurrence: Corn By-product 98
100
94 88
80 59 60
40
32
20 9
2 0
6 0
6
2016
2017
2018
0 2015
<LOD
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1 Mycotoxin
>1 Mycotoxin
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn By-product 90 79
% of Total Samples
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
6 0
0 ND
<LOD
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Afla
5 B-Trich
1
0
0
FUM
ZEN
Afla + FUM
One toxin
5
5
B-Trich B-Trich + FUM + ZEN Two Toxins
0
0
0
Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins
Co-occurrence: Corn Silage 80
70 60
66
64 54
61
53
50 40 40
37 30
30
30
27
20 10
6
10
10 6
6
0 2014
2015
2016 <LOD
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1 Mycotoxin
2017 >1 Mycotoxin
2018
Co-occurrence 2018: Corn Silage 44
45
% of Total Samples
40 35 30 25
25 20
15
15 10
7
6
5
2
1
0 ND
<LOD
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Afla
B-Trich
FUM
One toxin
0 ZEN
0
0
1
0
Afla B-Trich B-Trich Others B-Trich + B-Trich + Others + FUM + FUM + ZEN FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla Two Toxins
> 2 Toxins
2018 Corn Risk by State: Afla n=3
n=12
n=14
n=70 3% 7
n=10
n=1 n=14 n=5
n=76
n=24 4% 53
n=1
n=1
n=12 17% 47
n=27 15% 20
n=52 4% 156
n=23 4% 25
n=22 n=2 50% 33 n=2 n=8; 50% 12
n=17
n=4 33% 1 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 20 ppb State with average < 20 ppb State with samples < LOD (1 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=18 28% 51
n= 21 24% 27
n=21 29% 46
n=1 100% 1 n=17 n=2
24% 438
n=3
n=2 50% 46
2018 Corn Risk by State: B-Trich n=3 100% 1,344
n=12 100% 437
n=10 80% 523
n=1 100% 422
n=1 100% 386
n=12 58% 240
n=4 25% 385 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=70 96% 1,473
n=76 99% 792
n=24 96% 974
n=14 100% 2,108
n=27 41% 2,586
n= 21 38% 2,612
n=14 100% 1,700 n=23 96% 698
n=52 90% 509
n=2; 50% 170 n=17; 82% 510
n=21 n=18 17% 637
n=22 100% 2,829
n=2 50% 261
n=17 35% 616
n=5 100% 1,595 n=2 100% 59 n=8; 63% 564 n=1 100% 388
n=3 100% 2,257
n=1 100% 344
n=2 100% 148
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: B-Trich
n=1 100% 357 n=3 100% 2,943 n=3 100% 1,022
• • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=24 96% 7,967
n=24 92% 3,071
n=3 67% 675
n=6 100% 1,626
n=1 100% 1,172
n=2 100% 7,363
n=1 100% 2,656 n=1 100% 2,523
n=1 100% 1,471
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=5 100% 907
n=6 67% 3,581
n=1 100% 1,016
n=3 100% 3,885
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: B-Trich n=11 100% 1,548
n=2 100% 1,234
n=5 100% 1013
n=3 100% 851
n=12 92% 1,119
n=1 100% 105 n=11 91% 519
n=44 93% 2,194
n=5 60% 885
n=3 33% 211
n=5 100% 1,335
n=4 100% 1,220 n=1 100% 892 n=20 100% 1,602 n=2 100% 465
n=3 100% 1,219 n=3 100% 740 n=5 80% 1,165
n=1 100% 325
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 50% 208
n=2 50% 106
n=1 100% 2,017
2018 Corn Risk by State: FUM n=3 33% 100
n=12 25% 167
n=10 90% 388
n=1 100% 5,600
n=1
n=12 100% 11,617
n=4 100% 6,275 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=70 50% 617
n=76 68% 903
n=24 96% 5,217
n=14 79% 482
n=27 96% 12,362
n= 21 86% 8,000
n=14 71% 630 n=23 87% 980
n=52 85% 1,311
n=22 64% 657
n=2; 100% 1,250
n=17; 100% 6,635 n=21 100% 2,386
n=2 100% 3,850
n=5 80% 3,525 n=2 100% 7,050 n=8;100% 7,087
n=1 100% 1,400 n=17 100% 6,176
n=18 83% 2,147
n=3 100% 600
n=1 100% 2,600
n=2 100% 3,150
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: FUM
n=5 100% 200
n=24 79% 779
n=1
n=3 100% 9,700 n=3 100% 333
• • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=6 100% 1,033
n=1 100% 200 n=1 100% 1,100
n=6 50% 767
n=3 100% 2,067
n=1 100% 300
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=24 88% 1,314
n=2 100% 1,400
n=1 100% 300
n=1 100% 900
n=3 100% 2,367
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: FUM n=11 18% 250
n=5
n=2
n=44 5% 150
n=3 33% 200 n=12 25% 167
n=1
n=11
n=5 100% 520
n=3
n=5 40% 100
n=5 n=1 100% 100 n=20 45% 1,378
n=1
n=3 33% 400 n=3 100% 333 n=5; 60% 800
n=1 100% 100
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 50% 800
n=2
n=1
2018 Corn Risk by State: ZEN n=3 100% 202
n=12 17% 437
n=10 30% 482
n=76 70% 305
n=24 71% 434
n=1 n=1 100% 100% 157 157
n=1
n=12 8% 81
n=4 n=3
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=70 70% 296
n=14 64% 141
n=52 54% 206
n=22 82% 408
n=23 30% 208
n=5 80% 290
n=27 11% 1,883
n=2 n=8; 13% 62
n=17; 47% 196
n=1 n=1
n= 21
n=2
n=1
n=2
n=2
n=21 n=18 11% 228
n=14 86% 270
n=17 6% 64
n=3 100% 405
2018 Corn By-product Risk by State: ZEN
n=3 100% 129
n=24 92% 4,150
n=1
n=3 100% 423 n=3 67% 71
• • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=6 100% 387
n=1 100% 464 n=1 100% 295
n=6 67% 288
n=3 33 70
n=1 100% 146
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values
n=24 83% 648
n=2 100% 618
n=1 100% 135
n=1
n=3 100% 487
2018 Corn Silage Risk by State: ZEN n=11 91% 739
n=2
n=5 80% 67
n=3 33% 100
n=12 75% 290
n=1 100% 60 n=11
n=44 77% 497
n=5
n=3
n=5 80% 1,096
n=1 100% 93
n=5 60% 429 n=1 100% 126
n=20 75% 431 n=2 100%; 157
n=3 100% 800 n=3 67% 201 n=5
n=1
n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത : average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •
State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 n=2
2018 Corn Co-occurrence by State n=3 2.3
n=12 1.42
n=70 2.21
n=10 2.2
n=1 1.0
n=52 2.33
n=12 1.90
n=4 1.50
National Average = 2.15
n=1 2.0
n=14 2.5
n=76 2.37
n=24 2.67
n=1 3.0
n=14 2.71
n=27 1.63
n=5 2.60 n=22 2.45
n=22 2.17
n=2 2.5
n=2 1.5
n=8 2.25
n=17 2.35
n= 21 1.48 n=21 1.29
n=2 1.50
n=1 3.0 n=17 1.88
n=18 1.56
n: # of samples submitted/state xത : average toxins per sample • • • •
State with average toxins/sample >2 State with average toxins/sample >1 and ≤ 2 State with average toxins/sample ≤1 No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=2 3.0
n=2 2.5
2018 Corn By-product Co-occurrence by State
n=5 2.6 n=24 2.71
n=1 1 n=3 3.33 n=3 2.67
• • • •
State with average toxins/sample >2 State with average toxins/sample >1 and ≤ 2 State with average toxins/sample ≤1 No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=6 3
n=1 3
n=1 3
n=6 2 n=3 3.33
n=3 2.33
n=1 3
National Average = 2.73 n: # of samples submitted/state xത : average toxins per sample
n=24 2.67
n=2 4
n=1 3
n=1 2
2018 Corn Silage Co-occurrence by State n=11 2.09
n=5 1.8
n=2 1.0
n=44 1.75
n=3 1.67 n=12 1.97
n=1 1.0 n=11 0.91
n=5 1.8
• • • •
State with average toxins/sample >2 State with average toxins/sample >1 and ≤ 2 State with average toxins/sample ≤1 No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
n=1 3.0 n=3 2.33
n=5 2.0
n=20 2.2
n=2 2.5
n=3 2.68 n=5 1.4
n=1 2.0
National Average = 1.76 n: # of samples submitted/state xത : average toxins per sample
n=3 0.67
n=5 1.6
n=2 1.0 n=2 0.50
n=1 2.0
2018 Corn Survey Summary Corn
Corn Silage
Corn By-product
99% Positive vs. 89% in 2017
93% Positive vs. 91% in 2017
94% Positive vs. 100% in 2017
74% >1 MTX vs. 47% in 2017
66% >1 MTX vs. 30% in 2017
88% >1 MTX vs. 94% in 2017
B-Trich: 78% vs 70%
B-Trich: 92% vs 85%
B-Trich: 93% vs 99%
FUM: 78% vs 52% ZEN: 46% vs 25%
FUM: 25% vs 12%
FUM: 85% vs 91% ZEN: 84% vs 80%
ZEN: 60% vs 26%
Forecast for livestock production in 2019 MED to HIGH risk Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2019
Questions? raj.murugesan@biomin.net
erika.hendel@biomin.net
paige.gott@biomin.net
https://www.biomin.net/us/survey/
Thank You Naturally ahead Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2019