Mycotoxin Survey in US corn: January 2020 Update

Mycotoxin Occurrence in 2019 US Corn, Corn By-products, and Corn Silage Update Jan 10, 2020 Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2020

Sample Overview

87%

3%

0% 231 Samples from 22 States

7%

1%

47 samples with clinical cases excluded 2% Unknown Naturally ahead Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2020

Sample Overview Sample Matrix

16%

10%

74%

Corn

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Corn By-product

Corn Silage

Mycotoxins & Analysis

Mycotoxin Group

Aflatoxins (AFLA)

A-Trichothecenes (A-Trich)

LC-MS/MS

B-Trichothecenes (B-Trich)

Fumonisins (FUM)

3 Labs

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Mycotoxins

Limit of Detection (ppb)

Aflatoxin B1

1.3

Aflatoxin B2

1.2

Aflatoxin G1

1.1

Aflatoxin G2

1.6

T-2

100.0

HT-2

100.0

Neosolaniol

100.0

Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)

100.0

Deoxynivalenol (DON/Vomitoxin)

100.0

Acetyldeoxynivalenol (A-DON)

100.0

Nivalenol (NIV)

100.0

Fusarenon X (FUS-X)

100.0

Fumonisin B1

100.0

Fumonisin B2

100.0

Fumonisin B3

100.0

Zearalenone (ZEN)

Zearalenone (ZEN)

Ocharatoxin A (OTA)

Ocharatoxin A (OTA)

51.7 1.1

Occurrence 2019: Corn, Corn By-Product, Corn Silage 120

Sample Matrix

10% 74%

% of Total Samples

16%

100

100

80

77

100

95

96

76

60 43 40

35

Corn Corn By-product Corn Silage

20 5

2

4

0 B-Trich

FUM

Corn

Corn By-product

ZEN

Corn Silage

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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Afla

0

Occurrence: Corn 100

500 88

% of Total Samples

80

74

69

76

59

60

54

51

40

45 279

24

25

321 18

20 8

8

49

61

2012

2013

40

371

288

24

400 350 300

43

250 200

171

150 100

7 1

10 50

4 2

0 2014 Samples per year

2015 Afla

2016 B-Trich

2017 ZEN

2018 FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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76

14

14

#

Š BIOMIN America Inc. 2020

77

442

52

53

40

0

79

79

2019

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

450

81

Occurrence: Corn By-product 99

100

92

90

89

% of Total Samples

80

77

120

100

85

83

73

100 96

93

100

80

71

60 60 40

96 40

75 61 20 22

20

9

8

23 4

2

0 0 2015

2016

#

Samples per year

2017 Afla

2018 B-Trich

ZEN

2019 FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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0

Total Samples Analyzed/Year

100

Occurrence: Corn Silage 100

95

75

% of Total Samples

100 110

80

85 55

60 50

60

62 40

35

42 24

40

24

36

22

37

20

20

8 0

7 0

1

2017

2018

0

0 2015

2016

#

Samples per year

Afla

5 0 0

B-Trich

ZEN

2019 FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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Total Samples Analyzed/Year

87 80

120

89

238

695

3,300

4,500

364

911

100 100

36

ppb (log scale)

1000

3,076

10000

1,340

Mean of Positives 2019: Corn, Corn By-product, Corn Silage

5

10

1 B-Trich

FUM Corn

Corn By-product

ZEN Corn Silage

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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Afla

Mean of Positives: Corn 21,652 20,000 3,892

ppb (log scale)

2,004 2,000

200

932

11,016

2,461

1,245

545

168 71

1,167

4,500 911

569

564

629

98 20

2,390

1,706

3,299

485

348

269

29

310 134

364

28

19

16

16 5

2 2012

2013

2014 Afla

2015 ZEN

2016 B-Trich

2017

FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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2018

2019

Mean of Positives: Corn By-product 10,000 3,175

2,856

2,026

1,884

ppb (log scale)

1,000

1,931

1,452 229

100

1,516

2,452

527

3,300 3,076 695

189

165 36

10

1 1 2015

4

4

2016

2017

3

0

Afla

ZEN

B-Trich

2018 FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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2019

Mean of Positives: Corn Silage 10,000 1,501

1,693 1,000

615

ppb (log scale)

875 307 100

627

826

338

505

1,340 238

160

158

0

0

0

0

0

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

118

100

10

1

0 Afla

ZEN

B-Trich

FUM

B-Trichothecenes include Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, Fusarenon-X, Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol A-Trichothecenes and Ochratoxin A are not presented due to insignificant positive samples

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Co-occurrence 2019: Corn, Corn By-product, Corn Silage 120 100

% of Total Samples

100

80 64 59

60

40

38

33

20 3 0 <LOD

One Toxin Corn

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>1 Toxin

0

0

<LOD

One Toxin Corn By-Product

3 >1 Toxin

<LOD

One Toxin Corn Silage

>1 Toxin

Co-occurrence: Corn 80

73

72

70

% of Total Samples

60

64 59 46

50

46

47

46

41

42

37

40 31

33

30

25

25

21

33

17

20

12

11

10 10

3

2

3

2018

2019

0 2012

2013

2014 <LOD

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2015 1 Mycotoxin

2016 >1 Mycotoxin

2017

Co-occurrence 2019: Corn 40 34

% of Total Samples

35 30 25 20

20

18 14

15 10 5

6 3 0.0

0 ND

<LOD

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Afla

B-Trich

FUM

One toxin

0

1

ZEN

Afla + FUM

1 B-Trich + FUM

B-Trich + ZEN

Two Toxins

Others

1 B-Trich + B-Trich + FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins

1 Others

Co-occurrence: Corn By-product 100

95

90

5

5

98

100

80

60

40

59

32

20 9

2 0 2015

0 2016

2017 <LOD

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0

0 1 Mycotoxin

2018 >1 Mycotoxin

2019

Co-occurrence 2019: Corn By-product

% of Total Samples

120 96

100 80 60

40 20 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ND

Afla

B-Trich

FUM

ZEN

Afla + FUM

B-Trich + FUM

B-Trich + ZEN

Others

<LOD

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One toxin

Two Toxins

0 B-Trich + B-Trich + FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins

4 Others

Co-occurrence: Corn Silage 80 70 61 60

66

64

59

53

50 40

35

38

36

30

27

27

9

11

20 10

11

3

2015

2016

3

0 2017 <LOD

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1 Mycotoxin

2018 >1 Mycotoxin

2019

Co-occurrence 2019: Corn Silage

% of Total Samples

60

57

50 40 32 30

20 10 3 0 ND

<LOD

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3

0 Afla

B-Trich

FUM

One toxin

0

0

ZEN

Afla + FUM

3 B-Trich + FUM

0 B-Trich + ZEN

Two Toxins

Others

0

0

B-Trich + B-Trich + FUM + FUM + ZEN Afla > 2 Toxins

3 Others

2019 Corn Risk by State: B-Trich n=1 100% 332

n=14 100% 1,171

n=1 100% 558

n=16 94% 1,054

n=19 84% 1,069 n=2 50% 372

n=1 n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 1,000 ppb State with average < 1,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2020

n=24 96% 1,489

n=2

n=27 41% 428

n=4 25% 192

n=12 83% 1,244

n=1 100% 681 n=13 85% 462 n=12 n=10 100% 70% 439 902 n=4 75% 465

n=1 100% 1,600

n=1 n=4 50% 109

n=1 100% 178

2019 Corn Risk by State: FUM n=1

n=8 13% 300

n=24 63% 320

n=1 n=16 81% 969

n=19 95% 8,789

n=1 100% 5,600

n=2 100% 5,750 n=1 n=4 100% 100% 1,700 6,275

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 2,000 ppb State with average < 2,000 ppb State with samples < LOD (100 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2020

n=2 100% 2,250

n=27 100% 9,993 n=4 100% 7,550

n=12 100% 1,492

n=1 n=13 62% 700 n=12 n=10 92% 20% 2,673 1,250 n=4 100% 2,425

n=17; 100% 6,635 n=4 n=2 100% 100% 4,950 3,850

n=1 100% 1,500

n=1 100% 200

n=1 n=1 100% 100% 4,000 1,400

n=3 100% 600

2019 Corn Risk by State: ZEN n=1

n=14 50% 250

n=24 75% 562

n=1 n=16 63% 249

n=19 47% 377

n=1 n=1 100% 100% 157 157

n=2

n=4 n=3 n=1

n: # of samples submitted/state N%: % of samples tested positive/state xത: average in ppb Risk to livestock based upon threshold levels according to FDA and EU regulatory and guidance values • • • •

State with average > 100 ppb State with average < 100 ppb State with samples < LOD (51.7 ppb) No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2020

n=27 22% 220

n=12 58% 289

n=1 n=13 23% 456 n=10 20% 128

n=12 67% 417

n=1 100% 105

n=4 50% 214

n=1 n=1 n=1

n=4

n=2 n=4

n=1

n=2 n=3 100% 405

2019 Corn Co-occurrence by State n=1 1

n=14 1.86

n=24 2.38

n=1 1 n=16 2.38

n=19 2.26

n=1 3.0

n=12 2.33

n=1 1 n=13 1.77

n=4 n=1 1.50 1

n=10 1.1

n=12 2.58

n=4 2.5

n=27 1.63

n=2 1.5

n=1 3

n=17 2.35 n=4 1.25

n=2 n=4 1.50 1.5

n=1 n=1 3

n=1 3.0 1

National Toxin/Sample = 1.97 n: # of samples submitted/state xത: average toxins per sample • • • •

State with average toxins/sample >2 State with average toxins/sample >1 and ≤ 2 State with average toxins/sample ≤1 No sample submitted Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2020

n=2 1.5

n=2 3.0

2019 Corn Survey Summary Corn

Corn By-products

Corn Silage

97% Positive vs.

98% in 2018

100% Positive vs.

95% in 2018

97% Positive vs.

93% in 2018

64% >1 MTX vs.

73% in 2018

100% >1 MTX vs.

95% in 2018

38% >1 MTX vs.

66% in 2018

B-Trich: 77% vs 76%

B-Trich: 100% vs 93%

B-Trich: 95% vs 89%

FUM: 76% vs 79% ZEN: 43% vs 45%

FUM: 100% vs 90%

FUM: 5% vs 22% ZEN: 35% vs 55%

ZEN: 96% vs 85%

Forecast for livestock production in 2019 MED to HIGH risk Naturally ahead © BIOMIN America Inc. 2020

Questions? chasity.pender@biomin.net lan.zheng@biomin.net

erika.hendel@biomin.net

paige.gott@biomin.net

https://www.biomin.net/us/survey/

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