BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

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BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Annual Report No. 13 Survey 2016

Naturally ahead

BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

30% 46% 69% 24% 77% 2%

Figure 1. Global map of mycotoxin occurrence and risk in different regions.

Legend ■ Moderate risk: 0-25% of samples above risk threshold ■ High risk: 26-50% of samples above risk threshold ■ Severe risk: 51-75% of samples above risk threshold ■ Extreme risk: 76-100% of samples above risk threshold ■ No samples tested

2

1% 46% 77% 18% 12% 13%

Middle East Total Risk 41%

38% 35% 46% 7% 74% 26%

Africa Total Risk 60% Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

10% 51% 73% 21% 50% 12%

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

42% 69% 37% 8% 79% 13%

South Africa Total Risk 63%

Southern Europe Total Risk 61% South America Total Risk 60%

Afla 0% ZEN 43% DON 70% T2 4% FUM 89% OTA 0%

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

Northern Europe Total Risk 67%

Central Europe Total Risk 60%

Overview

Afla 3% ZEN 37% DON 58% T-2 3% FUM 46% OTA 3%

Central America Total Risk 81%

North America Total Risk 66%

World

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

17% 68% 54% 2% 60% 16%

28% 61% 22% 20% 61% 22%

World map and highlights for 2016. With

East Asia Total Risk 86%

16% 33% 53% 38% 26% 18%

20% 56% 92% 27% 74% 15%

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

43% 46% 57% 1% 79% 14%

88% 21% 46% 1% 76% 82%

Oceania Total Risk 16%

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

South-East Asia Total Risk 74%

Afla 8% ZEN 42% DON 33% T2 8% FUM 25% OTA 8%

South Asia Total Risk 85%

Central Asia Total Risk 8%

Eastern Europe Total Risk 26%

heat map approach to mycotoxin risk.

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

Mycotoxins are a large and growing family of toxic fungal substances that can occur in various types of commodities intended for food and feed. The BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey provides an overview on the incidence of aflatoxins (Afla), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM) T-2-toxin (T-2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in the primary components used for feed which include corn, wheat, barley, rice, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, dried distillers grains (DDGS) and silage, among others. From January to December 2016, a total of 16 511 samples were analyzed from 81 different countries around the world.

This report summarizes the results of over 63 000 analyses conducted in the year 2016.

Recommended risk threshold of major mycotoxins in ppb Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTA

2

50

150

50

500

10

Total risk level is calculated as the proportion of samples that have at least one mycotoxin above a risk threshold level.

Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA

11% 22% 27% 2% 26% 7%

DISCLAIMER BIOMIN GmbH and the authors had no influence on the sampling process of the investigated samples. Therefore, the contamination levels found in the samples do not necessarily reflect the actual contamination level of these regions/commodities. However, the samples provide more insight into the range and levels of mycotoxins which can be found in diverse commodities of various regions.

Mycofix® is not available in the US and Canada.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks go to Biofarma Feedlab, Argentina, Labocea, France, LAMIC, Brazil and Dr. Anika Steinhoff- Ooster, Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern e.V. for sharing their mycotoxin analysis results as part of this survey. Mycotoxin Report is published by BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Erber Campus, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria, Tel: +43 2782 8030, www.biomin.net

Moderate risk

Extreme risk

©Copyright BIOMIN Holding GmbH, 2016. All rights reserved. Any kind of reprint, reproduction, or any other kind of usage – whether partially or to the full extent only allowed upon prior written approval by BIOMIN Holding GmbH.

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BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

Mycotoxin

trends

January – June 2015

July – December 2015

January – June 2016

July – December 2016

A regional overview Changes in risk for half year from 2015 to 2016 indicate the changes that happen with the main crop harvests (particularly in the Northern Hemisphere). Very high contamination present in European crops in the 2014 harvest affect the early 2015 results. Similarly, early 2016 results in the Northern Hemisphere show the relatively reduced risk in the 2015 harvest. In the second half of 2016,

4

the risk level increased in all parts of Europe (on average from 45% increasing to 64% of samples at a level above the risk threshold). Increases were also seen in South-East Asia (from 70% to 76%), East Asia (84% to 88%), Oceania (8% to 24%), South America (doubling from 37% to 74%) and South Africa (from 45% to 73%).

Europe

Afla 15% ZEN 48% DON 70% T-2 21% FUM 48% OTA 14% species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

Corn

Finished feed

Mycotoxins in main commodities Total samples: 7 218

Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTA

Number of samples tested

1 443

1 852

1 900

1 668

1 550

1 366

% Contaminated samples

13%

71%

77%

31%

69%

25%

Average of positives (ppb)

7

85

420

19

792

3.2

Median of positives (ppb)

2

20

138

8

164

2

175

7 400

21 300

355

33 970

84

Number of samples tested

743

1 078

1 162

711

856

676

% Contaminated samples

21%

42%

66%

11%

67%

4%

Average of positives (ppb)

20

155

790

44

2 057

26

Maximum (ppb)

Cereals*

Median of positives (ppb)

1

44

422

20

845

2

Maximum (ppb)

491

2 652

9 816

424

42 000

438

Number of samples tested

827

2 960

3 291

1 074

910

802

% Contaminated samples

12%

36%

71%

19%

7%

6%

Average of positives (ppb)

2

78

1 023

36

560

6

Median of positives (ppb)

1

26

400

24

36

2

Maximum (ppb)

53

3 757

37 640

404

13 360

68

71%

DON contamination at average of 1 023 ppb

*Cereals: wheat, barley, oats, triticale

5

BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

North America

Afla 3% ZEN 37% DON 58% T-2 3% FUM 46% OTA 3% species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

Cereals*

Corn

Finished feed

Mycotoxins in main commodities Total samples: 992

Afla

Number of samples tested

197

% Contaminated samples

4%

Average of positives (ppb)

11

154

DON

T-2

FUM

OTA

251

244

37%

85%

241

227

251

1%

56%

565

3%

35

1 177

2

Median of positives (ppb)

8

33

344

4

580

2

Maximum (ppb)

24

3 100

13 206

100

41 000

3

Number of samples tested

280

305

277

271

301

301

% Contaminated samples

3%

33%

73%

2%

70%

4%

Average of positives (ppb)

5

184

644

39

3 158

11

Median of positives (ppb)

3

97

400

18

929

3

Maximum (ppb)

15

2 500

5 510

133

40 500

100

Number of samples tested

24

31

30

29

29

30

% Contaminated samples

0%

32%

70%

7%

14%

20%

Average of positives (ppb)

0

4 596

2 481

3

203

5

Median of positives (ppb)

0

35

453

3

212

4

Maximum (ppb)

0

36 000

29 700

6

364

10

*Cereals: wheat, barley, oats

6

ZEN

32%

ZEN contamination at average of 4 596 ppb

South & Central America

Afla 30% ZEN 46% DON 69% T-2 22% FUM 77% OTA 1% species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

Mycotoxins in main commodities

Corn

Finished feed

Total samples: 4 612

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTA

Number of samples tested

642

517

504

298

637

189

% Contaminated samples

26%

47%

58%

2%

92%

1%

Average of positives (ppb)

6

45

627

1

1 827

1

Median of positives (ppb)

3

28

620

1

1 196

1

Maximum (ppb)

51

500

3 100

2

45 700

1

Number of samples tested

2 483

1 732

715

547

1 117

160

% Contaminated samples

24%

37%

62%

12%

94%

1%

Average of positives (ppb)

8

168

1 185

35

2 894

1

Median of positives (ppb)

Cereals*

Afla

3

54

510

27

1 833

1

Maximum (ppb)

160

1 754

43 770

237

171 920

1

Number of samples tested

531

369

333

193

301

32

% Contaminated samples

55%

64%

77%

55%

34%

6%

Average of positives (ppb)

4

260

2 834

49

315

12

Median of positives (ppb)

3

94

1 520

44

230

12

Maximum (ppb)

28

2 162

49 790

146

5 400

22

94%

FUM contamination at average of 2 894 ppb

*Cereals: wheat, sorghum

7

BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

Asia

Afla 28% ZEN 50% DON 81% T-2

11%

FUM 72% OTA 22% species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

Corn

Finished feed

Mycotoxins in main commodities Total samples: 2 641

Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

Number of samples tested

1 026

1 033

1 107

389

841

426

% Contaminated samples

24%

53%

87%

1%

77%

34%

Average of positives (ppb)

29

137

417

19

924

4

Cereals*

OTA

Median of positives (ppb)

10

68

295

20

655

2

Maximum (ppb)

251

2 489

4 878

26

6 587

52

Number of samples tested

587

699

719

252

637

137

% Contaminated samples

46%

68%

87%

47%

93%

11%

Average of positives (ppb)

48

179

516

19

2 643

9

Median of positives (ppb)

3

48

330

13

1 397

1

Maximum (ppb)

730

10 618

3 647

250

59 709

54

Number of samples tested

226

237

270

134

194

146

% Contaminated samples

13%

21%

70%

1%

28%

18%

Average of positives (ppb)

22

219

1 547

37

168

2

Median of positives (ppb)

4

78

920

37

84

1

363

1 646

12 760

37

1 598

10

Maximum (ppb)

*Cereals: wheat, barley, oats, rice

8

FUM

93%

FUM contamination at average of 2 643 ppb

Middle East

Afla 27% ZEN 61% DON 22% T-2 20% FUM 61% OTA 22% species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

Mycotoxins in main commodities

Cereals*

Corn

Finished feed

Total samples: 785

Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTA

Number of samples tested

125

123

123

121

119

98

% Contaminated samples

22%

73%

33%

3%

68%

29%

Average of positives (ppb)

2

45

230

23

370

5

Median of positives (ppb)

1

21

137

25

159

1

Maximum (ppb)

13

893

1 005

35

1 815

84

Number of samples tested

413

356

430

79

33

26

% Contaminated samples

18%

52%

17%

6%

79%

8%

Average of positives (ppb)

6

252

1 686

20

1 634

78

Median of positives (ppb)

1

90

880

22

1 193

78

Maximum (ppb)

190

1 200

6 500

31

6 401

154

Number of samples tested

70

52

20

24

18

14

% Contaminated samples

56%

54%

40%

12%

17%

14%

Average of positives (ppb)

2

68

645

15

134

1

Median of positives (ppb)

1

32

240

20

32

1

Maximum (ppb)

3

773

3 670

24

349

2

17%

DON contamination at high average of 1 686 ppb

*Cereals: wheat

9

BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

Africa

Afla 23% ZEN 68% DON 50% T-2

3%

FUM 65% OTA 15% species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

Mycotoxins in main commodities

Cereals*

Corn

Finished feed

Total samples: 263

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTA

Number of samples tested

70

70

70

70

70

70

% Contaminated samples

19%

76%

37%

6%

91%

4%

Average of positives (ppb)

2

43

166

8

1 015

2

Median of positives (ppb)

1

15

146

8

390

2

Maximum (ppb)

5

262

374

15

7 578

3

Number of samples tested

56**

56

56

56

56

56

% Contaminated samples

14%

61%

54%

2%

86%

11%

Average of positives (ppb)

3

198

229

28

1 872

1

Median of positives (ppb)

2

8

148

28

1 334

0

Maximum (ppb)

9

6 276

854

28

10 665

2

Number of samples tested

24

24

24

24

24

24

% Contaminated samples

17%

67%

79%

12%

21%

50%

Average of positives (ppb)

2

47

589

26

306

7

Median of positives (ppb)

2

20

431

5

65

4

Maximum (ppb)

2

195

2 724

68

1 340

27

*Cereals: wheat, sorghum

10

Afla

**41 samples originated from South Africa

86%

FUM contamination at average of 1 872 ppb

Multiple Mycotoxin

Overview

Multiple mycotoxin occurrence Spectrum 380® results 2016: the most comprehensive mycotoxin analysis available*

Number of samples

500

94+6

32%

94%

400 22%

300 200 100 0

9

19%

28

11% 7%

6%

2% <10

10 -19 20 -29 30 -39 40 -49 50 -59

>60

Metabolites in samples

mycotoxins and metabolites per sample

on average

10

out of samples contaminated with Fusarium toxins, Aspergillus toxins, or both

Contained

10

or more mycotoxins and metabolites

1378 samples In which raw materials are emerging mycotoxins most commonly found?

Mycotoxins & metabolites cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val)

86%

cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)

86%

Aurofusarin

Wheat: Culmorin 70%

79%

Moniliformin

75%

86

2560

Tryptophol

74%

288 730

18160 157114

Culmorin

64%

Enniatin B

63%

58

7519

Zearalenone

63%

Enniatin B1

63%

64 61

6276 5077

60%

23 70

842 2054

Asperphenamate

59%

48

9407

Equisetin

59%

49 500

2081 9968

93 27

5582 2063

Beauvericin

61%

Brevianamid F

Deoxynivalenol

Maize: Moniliformin 94% Beauvericin 70% 15-Hydroxy­culmorin 58%

56%

Asperglaucide

55%

Enniatin A1

55%

Emodin

54%

47

2388

15-Hydroxyculmorin

53% 46%

311 78 28

13168 3622 4068

46%

934 111253

Neoechinulin A

48%

3-Nitropropionic acid Fumonisin B1 Infectopyron

44%

Rugulusovin

Barley: Enniatin B1 100% Enniatin B 99% Enniatin A1 99%

Average Maximum 1066 30360 550 23061 556 62568

43%

Citreorosein

43%

Nivalenol

42%

Fumonisin B2

0%

41%

25%

50%

75%

702 71

89206 1658

32 114

2637 2055

376

36213

100%

Positive Samples [%] for metabolites present in more than 40% of samples (orange bars indicate regulated or guideline mycotoxins) Cut off for all metabolites 1 ppb (except for aflatoxins 0.5 ppb)

* Spectrum 380® is developed and conducted by the world’s leading independent mycotoxin research lab at the Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna and offered through cooperation with BIOMIN.

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Fumonisin B2 Nivalenol Citreorosein Rugulusovin Infectopyron Fumonisin B1 3-Nitropropionic Neoechinulin A 15-Hydroxyculm Emodin Enniatin A1 Asperglaucide Deoxynivalenol Equisetin Asperphenamate Brevianamid F Beauvericin Enniatin B1 Zearalenone Enniatin B Culmorin Tryptophol Moniliformin Aurofusarin cyclo(L-Pro-L-Ty cyclo(L-Pro-L-Va

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