BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey The Global Threat
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January to June 2017
Naturally ahead
BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey
29% 50% 86% 23% 77% 5%
Figure 1. Global map of mycotoxin occurrence and risk in different regions. Legend ■ Moderate risk: 0-25% of samples above risk threshold ■ High risk: 26-50% of samples above risk threshold ■ Severe risk: 51-75% of samples above risk threshold ■ Extreme risk: 76-100% of samples above risk threshold ■ No samples tested
2
Africa Total Risk 60%
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
19% 72% 84% 37% 48% 15%
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
0% 48% 85% 55% 28% 11%
Middle East Total Risk 54%
35% 39% 64% 11% 80% 30%
19% 41% 68% 11% 76% 5%
South America Total Risk 77%
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
Northern Europe Total Risk 44%
Central Europe Total Risk 66% Southern Europe Total Risk 73%
Afla 4% ZEN 58% DON 80% T2 4% FUM 65% OTA 7%
Cemtral America Total Risk 77%
North America Total Risk 84%
The Global Threat
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
17% 46% 67% 2% 65% 17%
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
15% 43% 62% 15% 58% 17%
January to June 2017
East Asia Total Risk 92%
5% 52% 75% 49% 32% 25%
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
South-East Asia Total Risk 70%
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
25% 59% 95% 3% 84% 9%
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
33 371
63
Co-contamination
49% 57% 55% 6% 83% 25%
83% 14% 29% 2% 85% 78%
Number of mycotoxins per sample based on samples tested for 3 or more mycotoxins.
Risk Level
The risk level expresses the percentage of samples testing positive for at least one mycotoxin above the threshold level in parts per billion (ppb). Oceania Total Risk 23%
South Asia Total Risk 71%
Eastern Europe Total Risk 35%
8 452
Afla ZEN DON T2 FUM OTA
14% 29% 37% 3% 51% 8%
Afla
ZEN
DON
T-2
FUM
OTA
2
50
150
50
500
10
DISCLAIMER BIOMIN GmbH and the authors had no influence on the sampling process of the investigated samples. Therefore, the contamination levels found in the samples do not necessarily reflect the actual contamination level of these regions/commodities. However, the samples provide more insight into the range and levels of mycotoxins which can be found in diverse commodities of various regions. Mycofix® is not available in the US and Canada. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks go to Biofarma Feedlab, Argentina, Labocea, France, LAMIC, Brazil and Dr. Anika Steinhoff- Ooster, Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern e.V. for sharing their mycotoxin analysis results as part of this survey. Mycotoxin Report is published by BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Erber Campus, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria, Tel: +43 2782 8030, www.biomin.net
Moderate risk
Extreme risk
©Copyright BIOMIN Holding GmbH, 2017. All rights reserved. Any kind of reprint, reproduction, or any other kind of usage – whether partially or to the full extent only allowed upon prior written approval by BIOMIN Holding GmbH.
3
BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey
The Global Threat Europe
Middle East
Afla 17%
Afla
ZEN 58%
ZEN
DON 77%
DON
T-2 37%
T-2
FUM 50%
FUM
OTA 23%
OTA
species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples
species risk assessment ac on page 2 and % positive s
Total samples: 1480
Afla
ZEN
DON
T-2
FUM
OTA
Total samples: 118
Afla
Number of samples tested
1053
1401
1457
1139
1090
1024
Number of samples tested
71
% Contaminated samples
17%
58%
77%
37%
50%
23%
% Contaminated samples
15%
% Above risk threshold
7%
14%
48%
6%
16%
3%
% Above risk threshold
11%
Average of positives (ppb)
4
53
452
36
593
12
Average of positives (ppb)
5
Median of positives (ppb)
2
22
231
12
218
2
Median of positives (ppb)
3
121
1725
28470
914
9478
889
Maximum (ppb)
19
Maximum (ppb)
4
January to June 2017
Africa
15%
Afla 17%
43%
ZEN 46%
62%
DON 67%
15%
T-2 2%
58%
FUM 65%
17%
OTA 17%
cording to legend samples
ZEN
DON
species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples
T-2
FUM
OTA
Total samples: 213
Afla
ZEN
DON
T-2
FUM
OTA
105
105
100
105
58
Number of samples tested
213
213
213
213
213
213
43%
62%
15%
58%
17%
% Contaminated samples
17%
46%
67%
2%
65%
17%
26%
45%
2%
29%
0%
% Above risk threshold
8%
20%
43%
0%
24%
0%
159
728
25
1096
2
Average of positives (ppb)
21
127
446
12
1156
2
76
280
21
489
2
Median of positives (ppb)
2
40
220
9
172
1
756
4801
77
8841
5
Maximum (ppb)
232
1995
9805
28
14630
10
5
BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey
The Global Threat Asia
North America
Afla 34%
Afla
ZEN 53%
ZEN
DON 79%
DON
4%
T-2
FUM 81%
FUM
OTA 25%
OTA
T-2
species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples
species risk assessment on page 2 and % positive
Total samples: 1663
Afla
ZEN
DON
T-2
FUM
OTA
Total samples: 527
Afla
Number of samples tested
1473
1576
1648
772
1188
772
Number of samples tested
527
% Contaminated samples
34%
53%
79%
4%
81%
25%
% Contaminated samples
4%
% Above risk threshold
18%
35%
65%
1%
41%
5%
% Above risk threshold
3%
Average of positives (ppb)
70
239
900
53
1175
9
Average of positives (ppb)
23
Median of positives (ppb)
2
81
565
26
514
3
Median of positives (ppb)
8
10918
8113
13206
221
46515
270
Maximum (ppb)
6
Maximum (ppb)
139
January to June 2017
South America
4%
Afla 29%
58%
ZEN 49%
80%
DON 85%
4%
T-2 22%
65%
FUM 77%
7%
OTA
5%
species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples
according to legend samples
ZEN
DON
T-2
FUM
OTA
Total samples: 4451
Afla
ZEN
DON
T-2
FUM
OTA
527
527
527
527
527
Number of samples tested
3701
3320
2618
925
2971
259
58%
80%
4%
65%
7%
% Contaminated samples
29%
49%
85%
22%
77%
5%
54%
76%
0%
42%
1%
% Above risk threshold
22%
22%
84%
3%
68%
0%
224
1134
35
1997
5
Average of positives (ppb)
8
94
874
39
2447
3
130
712
14
697
2
Median of positives (ppb)
4
44
710
30
1670
2
3584
11274
399
28605
39
Maximum (ppb)
1336
1314
5600
976
34860
14
7
BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey
Multiple Mycotoxin
Overview
Multiple mycotoxin occurrence Spectrum 380® results Jan to June 2017: the most comprehensive mycotoxin analysis available*
Proportion of samples [%]
30
21% 21%
20
95%
22% 16%
29
15 10 5 0
95+5
28%
25
5% 1% <10
10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 >=60 Metabolites per samples
average number of mycotoxins and metabolites per sample
9.6
10
Contained
10
out of samples contaminated with Fusarium toxins
or more mycotoxins and metabolites
490 samples In which raw materials are emerging mycotoxins most commonly found?
Mycotoxins & metabolites Average Maximum Rank cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) 91%
1514 18467 1
cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) 88% 711 10668 2 Beauvericin 73%
27
483 3
Moniliformin 72% 207
2900 4
Aurofusarin 71% 345
6056 5
Wheat: Enniatins 89%
Corn: Culmorin 67% Moniliformin 92% Beauvericin 80%
Asperglaucide 70% 116
6188 7
Culmorin 69% 209
5099 8
Brevianamid F
86
1469 9
55
2748 10
Deoxynivalenol 68%
392
5646 11
Equisetin 67%
41
1462 12
Asperphenamate 65%
40
1658 13
Enniatin B1
62%
45
898 14
Flavoglaucin 62%
66
4370 15
Rugulusovin 59%
75
862 16
Emodin 57%
32
1240 17
Neoechinulin A
57%
69
2415 18
Enniatin B
56%
47
1056 19
15-Hydroxyculmorin 55%
389
9319 20
39
1794 21
765
9115 22
Epiequisetin 50%
18
489 23
Enniatin A1
50%
20
361 24
Citreorosein 49%
20
779 25
Infectopyron 49% 1327
61298 26
69%
Zearalenone 68%
3-Nitropropionic acid
53%
Fumonisin B1
52%
Fumonisin B2
47%
282
3077 27
Positive Samples [%] for metabolites present in more than 50% of samples (orange bars indicate regulated or guideline mycotoxins) Cut off for all metabolites 1 ppb (except for aflatoxins 0.5 ppb)
* Spectrum 380® is developed and conducted by the world’s leading independent mycotoxin research lab at the Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna and offered through cooperation with BIOMIN.
REP_MTXsurvey_Quater1+2_2017_EN_0717_TJE
Tryptophol 71% 439 16800 6