Campus Safety Jan-Feb 2011 by Bobit Business Media

Medical Marijuana & Employee Drug Tests

Know Your Rights as an Employer ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:

Your Guide to Fire Alarm Upgrades New Systems Should Include Mass Notification

Student Privacy vs. Public Safety How to Comply With FERPA

WWW.CAMPUSSAFETYMAGAZINE.COM JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2011 • VOL. 19 • NO. 1

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Hospital Paging Systems Meet Our Director of the Year Finalists Top 7 Video Surveillance Trends Mass Notification Lessons Learned What’s in Store for Campus Safety Grants Maintaining Security When Power Fails 1/11/11 8:16:46 AM

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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S I JA N UA R Y / F E B R UA R Y 2 0 11 I V O L . 1 9 N O. 1

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PEGGY ONSTAD (310) 533-2477 fax: (310) 533-2502 peggy.onstad@bobit.com Executive Editor

ROBIN HATTERSLEY GRAY (310) 533-2534 fax: (310) 533-2502 robin.gray@bobit.com

Associate Editor

BRITTANY-MARIE SWANSON (310) 533-2588 fax: (310) 533-2502 brittany.swanson@bobit.com Art Director

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FEATURES 14 Medical Marijuana Laws and Employee Drug Testing Policies Although many states have legalized the medicinal use of cannabis, campuses still have the right to require their employees to abstain from the drug. By Robin Hattersley Gray

DYNISE PLAISANCE (760) 519-5541 fax: (310) 533-2502 dynise.plaisance@bobit.com Eastern Sales Manager

TARA SCHELLING (215) 794-7015 fax: (215) 794-7756 tara.schelling@bobit.com HOW TO GET YOUR NEWS TO US

16 Fire Alarm Systems: Can We Talk?

Institutions looking to upgrade their fire alarm systems should be certain the old and new equipment can communicate with each other. New solutions should also include an audio component so campus officials can convey important public safety information to building occupants. By Robin Hattersley Gray

20 Oregon Hospital Future-Proofs Its Paging System

24 How to Maintain Security When Electricity Fails

With security systems now running on enterprise network backbones, power protection is becoming critical. Campuses should develop solid power backup and disaster preparedness plans. By Bill Allen

28 FERPA and Campus Public Safety

Here’s what you need to know about campus police, security and administrator access to student school records and student arrest information. By Mark Meyerhoff and Alex Wong

E-mail: campussafetymagazine@bobit.com Mail: 3520 Challenger St., Torrance, CA 90503 fax: (310) 533-2502 FOR SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES

(310) 533-2400 fax: (310) 533-2510 www.campussafetymagazine.com EDITORIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL Shad U. Ahmed Chief of Emergency Medical Services, University of Rhode Island S. Daniel Carter Director of Public Policy, Security On Campus Inc. Michael Dorn Safe Havens Int’l Osborne Frazier NYPD Div. of School Safety Linda Glasson Security Manager/Consultant, Obici Hospital William Lassiter Center for Prevention of School Violence Joseph Moscaritolo Madison Park Vocational HS, Boston K. Gary Somerville Senior Campus Supervisor, Natrona County School District, Casper, Wyo. Philip Mullendore Institute for Campus Safety

Member of:

DEPARTMENTS 4 From the Editor’s Desk

The Top 7 Trends in Video Surveillance for 2011

6 News Watch

Meet Our Director of the Year Finalists

32 Emergency Management Matters

Mass Notification Lessons Learned from Virginia Tech

34 Advertiser Index 40 As I See It

Grants: It’s Not All Doom and Gloom

42 Tools of the Trade 44 Recess

Winner 2007, Finalist 2006, 2008, 2009

COVER PHOTO: ©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/KATSGRAPHICSLV

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FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK

Top 7 Trends in Video Surveillance for 2011 Here are some really cool innovations that you might want to consider the next time your campus upgrades its security camera technology. just came across an excellent article from Security Sales & Integration magazine that I’ve briefly summarized. These are some of the video surveillance products and developments I believe will impact campus buying decisions in the upcoming year.

Robin Hattersley Gray is executive editor of Campus Safety. She can be reached at robin.gray@bobit.com or (310) 533-2534

1. Megapixel Cameras: Although these have been around for a few years, they keep getting better. High definition (HD) video (defined as a minimum resolution of 720 to 1,080 pixels) now allows for better identification of subjects, requires fewer cameras to cover a given area and provides for specialized applications, such as license plate recognition. CMOS imager technology has experienced many advances recently, which has improved image quality. Campuses considering these solutions should know that they require a careful balance of design elements, including network configuration, bandwidth compression and frame rates. In other words, if you want to install megapixel cameras on your campus, hire a top-notch integrator. 2. HDcctv: This option is built on technology pioneered for broadcast television. It transmits via TCP/IP uncompressed video that has not been encapsulated. It also promises many of the benefits of megapixel cameras while permitting the use of conventional analog equipment, which is prevalent on campuses. Currently, HDcctv signals can only be transmitted 100 meters, which is a significant disadvantage. Using copper cables or fiber optics might address this issue. Also, right now there is limited product selection on the market, although this is certain to change. 3. Video Management Systems or Software (VMS): Because video is often integrated with other systems, such as access control and intrusion, campuses need a unified user interface. This

CS Launches Hospital Security Update eNewsletter Campus Safety magazine is pleased to announce that its new eNewsletter dedicated to hospital security has launched. Called Hospital Security Update, the eNewsletter will focus on security and public safety issues in the healthcare setting. Joint Commission accreditation, officer training, infant abduction prevention, video surveillance, access control, emergency preparedness and mass notification are just some of the subjects that will be in the spotlight. The eNewsletter is free and will allow readers to comment on articles, receive live updates on current events and access special content. It will be sent to subscribers’ E-mails twice per month. To sign up for Hospital Security Update, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com/Enews/SignUp.aspx.

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has led to the development of VMS, which takes advantage of the open or nonproprietary platforms that facilitate interoperability. VMS also offers operational efficiencies beyond tradition security. For example, video can help with process control, personnel management, inventory tracking and customer service. 4. “Edge” Devices: Intelligent surveillance cameras, in particular, now have built-in features like recording, storage and analytics. This means that less video (data) needs to be streamed to a central location for viewing, which reduces the chance of bandwidth constraints and an overburdened network. Also, in cases where the network has gone down, these edge devices can record locally. Campuses should note, however, that integrators can find it difficult to integrate the devices so that all of their features can be fully realized. Thus, if you want to deploy this technology, hire a good integrator. 5. Data Storage: Over the years, the capacity of hard drives has expanded greatly while their prices have fallen dramatically. One key development has been the introduction of solutions specifically designed for video surveillance. 6. Analytics: As the number of cameras and surveillance systems continues to grow, campuses need to find ways to organize and analyze all of the data from these sources. Fortunately, programmers have created algorithms to make sense of all of this video. Now, analytics solutions can match faces, determine when a line has been crossed or classify an object. This functionality allows campus protection professionals to quickly assess a scene and determine if there is a threat. Analytics can also reduce the amount of storage needed to keep relevant video since all of the unimportant information is filtered out. Also, campus public safety officials can direct only relevant video to individuals via their mobile devices or computers. 7. Video Alarm Verification: Cameras can also verify intrusion alarms, which helps to minimize false dispatches. This solution combines a compact camera with a PIR motion sensor so when activity is detected, surveillance footage is captured. The clip is then sent to a campus police station or contract central station, which allows security personnel to determine the validity of the alarm. To read the full article, visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com/Top7VideoTrends. www.campussafetymagazine.com

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newswatch 2010

DIRECTOR OF THE YEAR

WWW.CAMPUSSAFETYMAGAZINE.COM

Campus Safety Director of the Year Finalists

Congratulations to this year’s top nominees! The winner(s) will be announced in the April/May issue of Campus Safety magazine. Visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com to check out our finalists’ photo galleries. Jimmy Brown

Paul Chapa

Chief of Police California State University, San Bernardino San Bernardino, Calif. • Efforts led to a 15 percent drop in property crimes on campus • Implemented environmentally friendly solutions via the adoption of near-paperless computer aided dispatch, records management and memo systems, as well as the purchase of a T3 Motion Machine • Department has been awarded approximately $300,000 in grants to purchase interoperable radios and secure critical campus infrastructure

Chief of Police Trinity University San Antonio, Texas • Increased funding for staff training by 70 percent • Revised the hiring process to include extensive background investigations • Certified all nonsworn officers as state certified security officers, which provided them with classroom and tactical training

Greg Ferrell

Gerald Robert Harkins

Major John Hunkiar

Assistant Chief and Director The Ohio State University, Wooster Wooster, Ohio • Responsible for response to the Sept. 16, 2010 EF-2 tornado that struck the campus • Personally directed law enforcement search operations until the incident command was assumed with the Wooster City fire chief • Located temporary housing for campus police operations

Associate Vice President for Campus Safety and Security University of Texas, Austin Austin, Texas • Responsible for the planning and management that led to the successful response to the Sept. 28, 2010 active shooter incident on campus • Hosted an active shooter tabletop exercise to solidify responses and procedures • Assembled a committee to explore how suicides could be mitigated, which resulted in the prevention of three deaths

Director of Safety and Security Leon County Schools Tallahassee, Fla. • Formed and built a sworn district agency • Opened district’s 24-hour monitoring/emergency operations center • Improved access control at more than 50 schools

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NEWS WATCH

Charles Hurley Chief of Police Miami-Dade Schools Police Department Miami • Within six months of him taking over the chief position, his department was operating in the black for the first time since 1957 • Partnered with local judicial circuit to provide crisis intervention training to district police officers • Instituted a traffic enforcement strategy that reduced by nearly half the number of traffic accidents involving student pedestrians

Steve Jaureguy Chief of Police California State University, Stanislaus Turlock, Calif. • Developed a source of revenue via parking citations that earned his program the California 2009 Parking Program of the Year designation • Partnered with Turlock Downtown Association by renting a storefront space to promote safety in the downtown area • Helped launch a specialized de-radicalization pilot training program and hosted community meetings between local Muslim leaders and local law enforcement

Jeff Karpovich

Raymond Osborne

Director of Security and Transportation High Point University High Point, N.C. • Formed and built the transportation department and safety/emergency management department in two years • Worked with city lighting engineer to add more than 100 light fixtures on and near the campus • Worked with IT to develop a homegrown barcode method of online vehicle registration and citation issuing process at no outside cost to the institution

Director of Security University of San Diego Health System San Diego, Calif. • Responsible for the installation of more than 530 security cameras, 160 panic alarms and 220 access control door entry systems on three campuses • Security cameras and access control solutions helped identify false complaints. In two cases, it saved the health system more than $500,000 • Expanded the security force by adding shift supervisors and lead officers, as well as permanent and part-time security agents

A.J. Sandoval Chief of Police Bexar County Hospital District Police San Antonio, Texas • Improved security in the labor and delivery unit • Networked with other law enforcement agencies to coordinate officer safety training initiatives at low or no cost to the department • Developed access to National Crime Information Center and Texas Crime Information Center databases.

James Waldon Director of Police and Safety/Chief of Police Gannon University Erie, Pa. • Increased mobile, foot and saturation patrols and combined Compstat with community policing, which led to nearly an 18 percent drop in crime • Instituted educational requirements for police officers • Diversified the department so that four of its 11 officers are now female, and one of its officers speaks Arabic 8

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Timothy Williams Director of Public Safety Emory Healthcare Atlanta • Partnered with downtown Atlanta and midtown Atlanta improvement districts for improved radio communications and video surveillance of campus • Placed an Atlanta police precinct on the Emory campus to improve law enforcement access, which resulted in a 17 percent decrease in crime in the area • Improved officer compensation by 10 percent

Visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com for more information about the Campus Safety Director of the Year Finalists www.campussafetymagazine.com

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NEWS WATCH

Court Allows Va. Tech Officials to Be Sued Over Shootings CHRISTIANBURG, Va. — Virginia Tech President Charles Steger and former Executive Vice President James Hyatt do not qualify for absolute immunity to civil liability claims stemming from the April 16, 2007 mass shooting that occurred at the school. This decision, which was rendered by Special Justice William Alexander of Franklin County in late November, means that two $10 million wrongful death lawsuits filed by the families of two students slain during the tragedy could go to trial as soon as September. Virginia state law says that high-ranking government officials are immune from claims of gross negligence. However, Alexander ruled that Steger and Hyatt do not qualify as such. He criticized the law, calling it ambiguous and stating that the pending lawsuits could set legal precedent on the issue, the Roanoke Times reports. Plaintiffs attorney Bob Hall argued that 75 percent of Steger’s university salary comes from private donations, therefore differentiating him from officials whose salaries are paid by taxpayers.

The families of Julia Pryde and Erin Peterson filed the wrongful death suits on the second anniversary of the shootings. They were the only families not to participate in a state settlement that offered compensation and counseling, as well as other benefits. The decision was followed in December by a report released by the U.S. Department of Education, which found that Virginia Tech violated the federal Jeanne Clery Act by failing to issue an adequate and timely warning after the initial shootings on campus, and for failing to follow their published timely warning policy. According to a 26-page report issued in December, “The University body was not put on high alert by the actions of the University administration and was largely taken by surprise by the events that followed. Warning the students, faculty, and staff might have made a difference. Putting more people on guard could have resulted in quicker recognition of a problem or suspicious activity, quicker reporting to police, and quicker response of po-

lice. Nearly everyone at Virginia Tech is an adult and capable of making decisions about potentially dangerous situations to safeguard themselves. So the earlier and clearer the warning, the more chance an individual had of surviving. In all, more than two hours elapsed between the time University officials became aware of the first shootings (and the first murder) and the issuance of the first vague warning. For these reasons, the Department has determined that the University failed to comply with the timely warning requirement. “With regard to the second component of this violation, the Department has determined that Virginia Tech did not comply with its own policy on the issuance of timely warnings as published in its annual campus security report. The University policy in place on April 16, 2007 did not provide students, faculty and staff with actual notice of the offices that would disseminate the warning or how these warnings would be transmitted.” To read a full overview of the implications of this decision, see “Mass Notification Lessons Learned from Virginia Tech” on page 32. To read the full report, visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com/VaTechCleryDecision ■

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U.S. Schools Are Hiring Sex Offenders WASHINGTON — According to a U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) report released in December, there have been multiple instances nationwide of schools hiring sex offenders to fill teaching positions. In the 15 cases reviewed in the report, six of those employees went on to abuse children at the school where they were hired. The GAO found no federal laws regulating the employment of sex offenders in public or private schools and widely divergent laws at the state level, especially with regard to requirements and methods for conducting criminal history checks on employees.

Approximately 38 states require criminal background checks for public schools employees, contractors and volunteers, while requirements for private schools vary. Kansas and Montana do not require background checks for any school employees. In several cases, schools have allowed sex offenders to resign from their jobs and have even provided letters of recommendation on their behalf. This practice allows a sex offender to seek employment at another district. To read the full report, visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine. com/GAOSexOffenderReport.

EXAMPLES OF CASES GAO EXAMINED

CASE DETAILS

Multiple Ohio public schools, August 1993 to May 2006

Although forced to resign because of inappropriate conduct with female students, this teacher received a letter of recommendation from the school superintendent calling him an “outstanding teacher.” He was subsequently hired at a neighboring district, where he was convicted for sexual battery against a sixth grade girl.

Multiple Louisiana schools, June 2006 to October 2007

A teacher and registered sex offender whose Texas teaching certificate had been revoked was hired by several Louisiana schools without receiving a criminal history check. A warrant is currently out for his arrest on charges of engaging in sexual conversations with a student at one of these schools.

Arizona public school, August 2001 to January 2002

In a rush to fill a position, this school did not conduct a criminal history check before hiring a teacher who had been convicted for sexually abusing a minor, even though he disclosed on his application that he had committed a dangerous crime against a child. He was later convicted for having sexual contact with a young female student; videos of nude underage girls were found in his possession.

California public school, August 1998 to October 2010

In 2000, the offender was convicted for molesting a minor; the school was aware of his conviction but did not fire him. After GAO referred the case to the California Attorney General, officials placed the offender on administrative leave. He has since resigned.

Source: U.S. Government Accountability Office

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cover story

employment practices

MEDICAL MARIJUANA LAWS & EMPLOYEE DRUG TESTING POLICIES

By Robin Hattersley Gray

CAMPUSES STILL HAVE THE RIGHT TO REQUIRE THEIR EMPLOYEES TO ABSTAIN FROM POT.

lthough California’s Proposition 19, which would have decriminalized marijuana for general use, was defeated in the November election, there still are 15 states (including California) and the District of Columbia that have legalized medical marijuana for use in treating conditions ranging from AIDS to post traumatic stress disorder. Additionally, in 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) instructed U.S. Attorneys in those states to not focus federal resources on “individuals whose actions are in clear and unambiguous compliance with existing state laws providing for the medical use of marijuana.”

These developments may cause confusion among campus officials who wish to bar individuals who smoke medical marijuana during their free time from working in safety-sensitive positions, such as school bus drivers and armed security personnel. According to HireRight’s Director of Medical Services Dr. Todd Simo, however, hospitals, schools and universities may still deny employment to individuals who test positive for pot, even if the use of medical marijuana is legal in the state where they live and they have a doctor’s recommendation for its use. “There is plenty of case law, particu-

larly in California, where the California Supreme Court says the employer has the right to disqualify a person under its drug-free workplace program from using medical marijuana,” he says. Schools, universities and hospitals might also be able to take their cues from the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), which has stated in no uncertain terms that the DOJ’s 2009 guidelines will have no bearing on the DOT’s regulated drug testing program. “The DOT’s drug and alcohol testing regulation... does not authorize ‘medical marijuana’ under a state law to be a valid medical explanation for a transportation

employee’s positive drug test result,” the agency stated in an Oct. 26, 2009 bulletin.

EMPLOYER POLICIES CAN BAN MEDICAL MARIJUANA The confusion for employers and employees alike revolves around not whether medical marijuana is legal in a particular state, but whether an employer can require its employees to abstain from it, says Jerry Stewart who is director of drug and health services for HireRight. “People may think it’s perfectly appropriate if they have been recommended to use medical marijuana,” he says. “They

Medical Marijuana Can Be Used to Treat: Anorexia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, arthritis, cachexia, cancer, chronic pain, Crohn’s disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, hepatitis, HIV or AIDS, migraines, multiple sclerosis, post traumatic stress disorder, seizures, severe nausea, terminal illness and other symptoms subject to approval. Note: Not all conditions apply in all 15 states that have legalized medical marijuana. Source: ProCon.org

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may not need to worry about it in terms of criminal prosecution, but in terms of the workplace, they still need to be concerned about employer policy. They need to understand and appreciate what the policy for the use of drugs and medical marijuana is in the workplace so they can gauge their activities appropriately.”

POLICIES MUST BE CLEAR AND NONDISCRIMINATORY “Employers should notify applicants of the fact that they’ve got a medical mari-

a couple of different policies, depending on the nature of the employee’s job. If the position is safety related, the policy may be very strict. For other non-safety duties, the policy may be more lenient. Some employers may want to carve out exceptions for medical marijuana so employees with the proper authorization can use it. Another option for employees who must use medical marijuana is for their doctors to prescribe Marinol (Drohabinol), which is medical marijuana or

They may not need to worry about it in terms of criminal prosecution, but in terms of the workplace, they still need to be concerned about employer policy. They need to understand and appreciate what the policy for the use of drugs and medical marijuana is in the workplace so they can gauge their activities appropriately. —JERRY STEWART juana policy relating to their position and what will be the disciplinary action,” he adds. “[The employer] must include clear information about their position on medical marijuana use. They must take care as to how they make decisions under that policy; that it is nondiscriminatory and that it doesn’t conflict with some other labor or employment law related to the use of medical marijuana.” Stewart says employers often will have

THC in a pill form, says Simo. “That is a Schedule III medicine that is verifiable, legal and prescribed,” he says. “If a doctor thinks medical marijuana is the right choice [for his patient], he can prescribe Marinol. It is a verifiable medical explanation for a positive drug screen. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com

How Recreational Pot Use Affects Safety-Sensitive Positions Drug tests generally can determine if a person smoked or ingested marijuana in the past week but can’t determine if he or she is impaired. So does this make testing for marijuana a worthless endeavor for employers, especially since most pot use is recreational and done hours or days before an employee begins work? According to a 1985 Stanford University study of airline pilots, no. In the study, 10 experienced private airplane pilots each smoked a low grade marijuana cigarette before carrying out complex and stressful landing maneuvers in a computerized flight simulation laboratory. They did the maneuvers one hour, four hours and 24 hours after smoking pot. During all three tests, the pilots experienced significant impairment. All of the pilots were experienced marijuana users. They did not show or feel impaired 24 hours after smoking pot, yet they still crashed the planes in the simulated test.

States Where Medical Marijuana Is Legal

Alaska (1998) Arizona (2010) California (1996) Colorado (2000) Hawaii (2000) Maine (1999) Michigan (2008) Montana (2004) Nevada (2000) New Jersey (2010) New Mexico (2007) Oregon (1998) Rhode Island (2006) Vermont (2004) Washington (1998) Washington, D.C. (2010) Source: ProCon.org

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feature

fire alarm systems

Illustration: Ron Rennells

INSTITUTIONS LOOKING TO UPGRADE THEIR FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS should be certain their old and new equipment can communicate with each other. New solutions should also include an audio component so campus officials can convey important public safety information to building occupants. By Robin Hattersley Gray

ven during tough economic times, campuses seem to always be expanding, and this new construction often includes the installation of fire alarm systems that have come on the market recently. Those systems usually can identify a whole host of issues: from smoke detector activations to water flow from sprinklers. They can also pinpoint the location of an alarm, which is a particularly handy feature in a large facility. But in addition to new construction and the latest technology that goes with it, most campuses also have buildings that were erected years earlier. Back then, fire alarm systems on the market didn’t provide very much information about the cause of an alarm. Also, the systems consisted of horns and strobes that communicated only one thing: “Everyone in the building must evacuate.”

“If you had talked to most school folks 15 years ago, they would have never thought they needed a procedure to lockdown a school,” says Greg Jakubowski, who is principal and chief engineer for Fire Planning Associates. “But now after these school shootings and other events, folks realize they need a procedure to lockdown the building. That requires a different type of alarm than the fire alarm box with all of the 16

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horns and strobes going off, which was all the systems were capable of doing when they were designed 20 years ago.” Additionally, fire systems were installed on a piecemeal basis, and the equipment — often from different manufacturers — didn’t communicate with each other. So how should university, school and hospital officials go about integrating their old fire alarm systems with their

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new ones so they can talk to each other? CS interviewed some of today’s top fire protection professionals for their sage advice on how institutions can tackle this troubling issue.

COMBO SYSTEMS COST LESS, PROVIDE LIMITED DATA Some campuses may choose to have minimal system interoperability. In these cases, probably the easiest and least exwww.campussafetymagazine.com

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pensive way of upgrading fire alarm equipment is to adopt a combined reporting solution that allows all brands of fire alarm systems to report basic fire alarm data, says Hughes Associates Inc.’s Senior Engineer Michael J. Madden. “A lot of campuses are just concerned about monitoring the fire alarm systems but not having a whole lot of interoperability between them,” he says. “In those instances, it’s not that big of an issue if you have fire alarm systems from different manufacturers because all of them have a method of sending a signal out to a receiving station.” The downside of this type of solution, however, is that it doesn’t identify the specific type of problem that is causing the alarm, nor does it provide zones so the problem can be quickly located by first responders. Fortunately, campuses that wish to address these challenges and improve system interoperability have several options. “There are proprietary systems out there where a manufacturer provides a whole suite of systems that can communicate with each other and take the place of each other in case there is a problem with the panels,” says J. Madden. “Certainly, there are a lot of advantages if a campus wants to lock itself into a single manufacturer and convert

older panels to that manufacturer.” Other advantages of proprietary systems and some third-party systems is that they can take in and process more information. The cost of training and upkeep can also be less expensive. “It’s always best to standardize on a single line of equipment,” says Security Sales & Integration magazine Technical Writer Al Colombo. “Not only does this make service and maintenance easier and less costly, it also means that you only have to train personnel once, not a zillion times.” J. Madden, however, offers a word of caution: “Sometimes you can set up future terms or purchasing arrangements. But then again, some manufacturers, once they sell you a system and put all of their equipment in, think they’ve got you over a barrel.” For campuses that have many fire alarm systems from many different manufacturers, he recommends thirdparty network solutions as opposed to proprietary ones. That way, not every panel needs to be replaced during an upgrade.

INCORPORATE AUDIO INTO NEW FIRE SOLUTIONS Most fire experts recommend campuses also include voice evacuation in their

6 Helpful Hints to Keep in Mind When Selecting a Fire Alarm System “A lot of manufacturers out there have multiple distribution sources. The campus may be directing us to one manufacturer, but we’ve still been able to get competitive bidding from several installation contractors that use the same equipment. That’s also important from a maintenance standpoint. It’s important that you are not tied into the same company that installed the equipment. You can bid out a maintenance contract from multiple providers.” — Michael J. Madden, senior engineer for Hughes Associates Inc. Consider using video-based fire alarm detection: “Instead of having to add smoke detectors to an area, which can be costly to maintain, you can put this system on your video camera feeds to find smoke and set off an alarm like smoke detectors. You can take a large area that might need a dozen or more detectors and install a camera looking at the area, which you might have done already. Ultimately, we’d like to get that camera feed to the fire department and command post so they can see what is going on inside the building while the guys are preparing to go in to fight the fire.” — Greg Jakubowski, principal and chief engineer for Fire Planning Associates Use voice evac systems for general purpose paging. “There is nothing in the code that restricts you from using it that way. The only difference is we take precautions to override that input any time there is an active emergency. It is also a good idea to get that extra use out of it because it is another form of supervision. If it is being used all of the time as a paging system, you know when it works and when it doesn’t.” — Michael T. Madden, national sales manager for Gamewell FCI “Be sure to choose a fire alarm system that can be expanded well beyond your immediate expectations. Growth is inevitable if a campus is to continue providing viable services to a growing community. One way to do this is to ensure that the system selected has the ability to report to a central head-end via network technology of some kind.” — Al Colombo, technical writer for Security Sales & Integration magazine The new version of NFPA will come out in 2013: “If you are going to be spending capital at any time, it only makes sense that you start thinking about how you are going to start adopting some of these codes.” — Ted Millburn, vice president of marketing for Cooper Notification “All equipment must be UL-listed for the application, so be sure that it is code compliant.” — Al Colombo, technical writer for Security Sales & Integration magazine

Photo courtesy Gamewell FCI

Kelly Neish, director of hospital safety and security for Van Duyn Home and Hospital in upstate New York, is being trained on the facility’s new Gamewell-FCI fire alarm and emergency communications system’s operation and emergency paging capabilities.

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2011

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feature

fire alarm systems

Most Common Fire Alarm System Problems • Improper placement of detectors or improper selection of detectors (e.g. tors would be Putting smoke detectors by locker rooms when heat detectors more appropriate) • Not enough detectors installed (sometimes missing in air handlers) Many experts believe that most of the newly installed fire alarm systems of the future will also include mass notification.

new fire alarm systems to provide mass notification capabilities. “There is a movement to change all of the individual buildings into a voicetype system that can be managed individually,” says Cooper Notification Vice President of Marketing Ted Millburn. “It could be through the fire alarm system, or it could be a standalone solution involved with voice evacuation.” The reasons for including a voice component are fairly straightforward: it’s no longer appropriate for a fire alarm system to only set off strobes and sirens indicating people in a building should evacuate. Now, these systems must be able to direct building occupants on what to do and where to go during a multitude of potential emergencies. For example, during an active shooter incident, campus officials might need to tell occupants to shelter in place. For a tornado, the verbal instructions might be for students, staff, patients and visitors to move away from windows and into the building’s interior or basement. Additionally, instructions might vary from building to building. Because of the need for campus fire systems to address more than just fires, many experts anticipate that in the near future, the majority of new systems deployed on campuses will include audio. “I think in the next five years, we will have very few horn/strobe-type systems being installed,” says Michael T. Madden, who is national sales manager for Gamewell FCI. “I think we’re going to move over to voice just for the simple reason that it does so much more.” If a campus does decide to incorporate voice evacuation in its fire system, intelligibility becomes a key factor. After all, what’s the point of having an emergency public announcement system if building occupants can’t understand the information being conveyed? The focus on intelligibility, both in practice, as well as in NFPA 72, 2010, means that the placement of fire system speakers will need to be revised. 18

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• Improper programming of panels (the panel might have been properly programmed when first installed, but when the building layout changed, the panel wasn’t reprogrammed to adjust to the changes) • Audibility and intelligibility of voice evacuation system • Incorrect placement of audible and visual notification devices • Lack of system maintenance (e.g. dirty detectors, dead batteries) • Lack of zoning or incorrect zoning • Lack of electromagnetic door holders (this leads to buildingg occupants propping doors open)

“The days of spreading out your speakers to 75 feet and just cranking up the volume are behind us,” says T. Madden. “It’s more important now to design the system to be highly intelligible without rattling people’s ears. [Before,] fire alarms were very simple. We made a lot

system to do? What kind of information do you want? What do all of the other stakeholders in this process want?” Jakubowski suggests that safety and security professionals use their most polished political skills when approaching administrators and other stakeholders

It’s no longer appropriate for a fire alarm system to only set off strobes and sirens indicating people in a building should evacuate. Now, these systems must be able to direct building occupants on what to do and where to go during a multitude of potential emergencies. of noise to get people out of the building. But if we are going to use system to deal with more than just fire, the content of that message is the most important thing.”

MASTER PLANS GUIDE THE PROCUREMENT PROCESS The method of determining what should be installed or upgraded, however, should not be haphazard. An assessment and long-term plan are needed in order for a campus to select the most appropriate fire alarm system. “They should take a step back and go through a process of master planning,” says J. Madden. “What do you want the

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2011

about a new fire system. “Don’t ram it down people’s throats saying, ‘This is terrible. We need to do something about it immediately,’” he says. Instead, he recommends a measured approach incorporating the upgrade in the institution’s five- or 10-year plan. “Otherwise, 20-30 years from now, you are going to be facing a very large bill to upgrade your system to the current technology,” Jakubowski says. “At some point, the systems you have right now are going to start failing.” For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com

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1/7/11 8:36:18 AM

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feature

case study

Oregon Hospital Future-Proofs Its

PAGING SYSTEM

Thanks to the installation of a scalable, networked critical paging system, Providence St. Vincent Medical Center has improved the reliability and intelligibility of its emergency communications. The upgrade has enabled the campus to address its current and future public safety needs. By Raina Hassan n 2010, officials at Providence St. Vincent Medical Center in Portland, Ore., realized the facility needed a paging system that was on par with the standard of care it was known for. The existing system was two decades old and consisted of several components from various manufacturers that had been pieced together over the years. “The most significant issue that needed to be addressed was the sound quality and the need for louder paging for emergencies,” says Jim Gainer, the medical center’s manager of TSS instrumentation. Facility staff and stakeholders saw the need for a system that could deliver reliable and improved intelligibility, so

I 20

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that every critical page would be clear and understandable. In addition, they wanted a unified, networked system that could accommodate the medical center’s future requirements for expansion and safety. The existing system posed some major issues that needed to be addressed. Due to the inconsistent sound quality of pages and the fact that some were being randomly dropped, staff had lost confidence in the system’s reliability — a serious safety consideration given the critical nature of code pages. The existing system also lacked supervision capabilities, which meant it was difficult to pinpoint and fix glitches and failures. There was no comprehensive

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2011

set of reference schematics that tracked the wiring and layout of the paging system throughout the facility. Information was piecemeal at best. Finally, the system as it existed would not be able to meet the medical center’s future needs. The center needed a system that would allow for the expansion of additional zone paging and paging from remote and multiple locations, logging of paging activities and life safety interface.

PREVIOUS EQUIPMENT HAD MAJOR WIRING ISSUES Providence St. Vincent Medical Center took action and contracted Integrated Systems Group (ISG) to install a new sowww.campussafetymagazine.com

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feature

case study

lution. ISG Account Manager Erik McCarty and his colleagues conceptualized the installation of the new system in three phases. They selected Vocia from Biamp Systems. Vocia is built on a decentralized networked architecture, and provides a critical paging and voice evacuation system that’s expandable and scalable. As the team at ISG assessed the existing system in order to develop a replacement, they found dead-end wires that were not connected to anything, broken and cut wires that had not been working, and wires that had been spliced inappropriately for use with other devices. This created a web of cabling that would make it difficult to trace a failure. Additionally, since the existing system lacked line monitoring, it never generated warnings about any of these issues. While installing the new system during phase one, ISG added supervision of speaker runs on several of the facility’s floors, with expansion of the supervision to be performed in later phases. The contractor also eliminated many of the paging amplifiers that had previously been scattered throughout the facility

and centralized them in a single location. The new system, McCarty says, provides greater versatility, functionality and reliability. “Having a quality digital paging system with supervision, reporting and alarm capabilities provides assurance to the staff at Providence St. Vincent Medical Center that the system will be there for them when they most need it,” he adds.

NEW SOLUTION HAS IMPROVED SOUND QUALITY With phase one of the project complete, phase two is set to begin in early 2011. Already, the new system has provided reliable, supervised paging with improved sound quality and intelligibility, options for expanded paging capabilities and life safety interface, system monitoring and ease of maintenance. It uses distributed intelligence, a flexible network architecture and an intuitive software interface — all of which creates a supervision system that allows the medical center staff to find and fix problems much more quickly. The new system, which includes 12 paging stations throughout the facility, provides monitoring of speaker runs, so

Campus at a Glance HOSPITAL: Providence St. Vincent Medical Center is a 523-bed facility located in Portland, Ore. The center serves nearly 400 patients per day and has 4,240 staff members. It is a designated nurse magnet facility. ••• CHALLENGE: The existing paging system, which was more than two decades old and pieced together from disparate equipment, was inconsistent, unreliable, and wouldn’t meet the facility’s future expansion and life-safety interface requirements. ••• SOLUTION: The Vocia critical paging and voice evacuation system has been installed in the first of three phases. In phase one, 12 paging stations were installed.

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Important Components of Critical Paging Systems Timely and clear communication is paramount in maintaining public safety. One way to achieve it is with a robust, reliable paging system that clearly and consistently communicates with the public. Important aspects of a system in a high-reliability environment include: 1 Sufficient paging stations in each critical location that are monitored continuously and automatically by the system ••• 2 Amplifiers with channel or device failover, network redundancy, speaker line monitoring, ambient noise compensation and built-in emergency message storage ••• 3 An Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) for amplifiers, servers, switches and other critical equipment ••• 4 Redundant, mirrored servers to ensure the critical functions of those devices (e.g., message playback and VoIP paging interface) ••• 5 A life safety interface with built-in redundancies (if the paging system is connected to an emergency or fire alarm system) ••• 6 A fully redundant and robust Ethernet network that utilizes Managed Ethernet Switches, Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) principles and a fault relay output. The network should also be kept separate from other network traffic ••• 7 Devices with appropriate Ingress Protection (IP) ratings that can be easily swapped out by maintenance staff

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during a future expansion, it will be easy for any installer — even a new team of people — to pick up and continue where the first phase left off. The new system also has clean, secure wire runs, so the nests of dead-end, broken and cut wires in the old system are now a thing of the past. “The benefits of phase one are being experienced every day,” Gainer says. “Critical pages now have clearer, more consistent sound quality, and staff can confidently rely on the new system.” “We know the subsequent phases of the installation will provide even greater versatility and flexibility,” he says. “We will have complete oversight of the whole campus so we can proactively address any problems or issues that might arise.” RAINA HASSAN is a writer and editor who lives in Portland, Ore. For the past eight years, she has covered the AV and technology industries, the humanities, business, health and wellness and other topics. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com

1/7/11 9:02:52 AM 2/22/08 4:06:07 PM

feature

back-up power

With security systems now running on enterprise network backbones, power protection is becoming critical. Campuses should develop solid power backup and disaster preparedness plans. By Bill Allen

How to Maintain Securityy When n today’s world, campuses have become completely reliant on the availability of electrical power. They cannot function without computers, servers, telephone systems, security systems and all of the peripheral devices that support them. All of these devices have one thing in common — they require clean electrical power to operate. Because electrical power and operations are so tightly interwoven, power problems cut directly into an institution’s ability to keep its mission-critical systems fully functional. Failure

Illustration: Ron Rennells

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of this infrastructure can create operational and financial havoc, not to mention major security issues.

AMERICA’S INFRASTRUCTURE IS OLD AND VULNERABLE Power failures happen in a variety of ways, ranging from the travails that Mother Nature can bring to bear, to unexpected construction accidents brought on by careless workers. On top of that, rolling brownouts or blackouts strike various parts of the country during high peak demand cycles. No matter the cause of a power failure, schools, universities and hospitals must be ready when disaster strikes. It truly is not a question of if a power failure occurs; it’s merely a question of when. Power protection solutions have been around for several decades now, ranging from small, inexpensive surge suppressors to giant uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) designed to support an entire facility. The reason these protection devices were designed is that electricity supplied by power plants is not totally reliable in terms of quality and availability. Here in the United States we are accustomed to having decent power quality, yet our power delivery infrastructure can be worrisome. Consider that most of the nation’s infrastructure was installed 40 to 50 years ago. A recent article on CNN’s Web site echoed these concerns, stating that power problems cost businesses and consumers more than $119 billion annually. Other estimates have placed those costs even higher. Let’s go beyond the cost and inconveniences infrastructure failures can bring and think about liability and safety issues. Security systems are installed to make sure assets, employees, faculty, patients and students are protected, but when the power goes out and security systems fail, bad things can happen quickly. Security cameras go down. DVRs are no longer recording. Access control systems can be rendered inoperable. When these things happen, campuses are putting their students, patients and staff at risk. www.campussafetymagazine.com

1/7/11 10:31:52 AM

WHAT TYPE OF PROTECTION IS BEST?

When a student or teacher enters an educational institution, the assumption is the student and faculty are protected. When an employee goes to work every day, the employer has an obligation to provide a secure work environment. When a constituent enters a government office, safety and security is presumed. All of these institutions are exposed to liability if a security-related incident occurs. When the security system goes down, the exposure and liability is magnified. Power protection must be an integral part of an installation. Adequate power protection protects the institution from possible liability and safety issues.

Surge suppressors are a must for all noncritical peripheral equipment since frequent surges and spikes are a problem for much of the nation. Even small up-ticks in voltage can tremendously shorten the life of electronic equipment, and larger events can lead to catastrophic failure without proper protection. The important points to consider when purchasing surge products are straightforward. Look for a trusted name, UL certification, the highest joule rating for the budget and a solid connected equipment warranty. For more critical security system components, the backup power of a UPS is

©iStockphoto.com/TebNad

THE PUBLIC ASSUMES CAMPUSES ARE SAFE

Electrical power and business operations are so tightly interwoven that power problems cut directly into a company’s ability to keep its mission-critical systems fully functional.

the most cost-effective answer, and there are three types to choose from:

How to Overcome Objections to Back-up Power When a campus security professional encounters push-back from other stakeholders regarding power protection, there are several strong arguments that can be used to convince them that a UPS is an absolute necessity. Here are a few objections and responses: OBJECTION: UPSs are too expensive. RESPONSE: UPS pricing is at an all-time low, and the cost of not having a UPS when a problem occurs far exceeds the expense. In addition, it’s more expensive to replace damaged equipment than to buy UPSs. The cost of power protection can easily provide a positive return on investment (ROI) during the first power outage. ••••• OBJECTION: Our power is good 99 percent of the time. RESPONSE: That 1 percent represents three days, 15 hours and 36 minutes during the year. Also, one never knows when a power problem will occur, and if Murphy’s Law comes into play, outages will occur at the most inopportune times. ••••• OBJECTION: Our buildings are backed up by a generator. RESPONSE: Generators produce dirty power, especially during start-up, and can prevent systems that require a clean signal from operating properly. Another consideration is that many building generators only support emergency lighting and fire alarm systems. In addition, a generator can be a single point of failure. A better solution is to use a generator along with a UPS so the single point of failure is eliminated. ••••• OBJECTION: We currently use surge strips, so we are protected. RESPONSE: Surges and spikes represent only 7 percent of power problems, and they provide NO protection during brownouts and blackouts. On the other hand, a UPS provides total protection from all power anomalies and is recommended for all critical devices. ••••• OBJECTION: It’ll never happen to us. RESPONSE: According to J.D. Power, the average business has 28 potentially damaging power issues per year. Everyone has experienced blackouts and brownouts, and history tells us they will happen again. No organization is immune from power problems. ••••• OBJECTION: We have not budgeted for it. RESPONSE: The need for power protection must be addressed as a key part of any installation. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, when a power failure happens, 33 percent of companies lose $20,000-$500,000; 20 percent lose $500,000 to $2 million; and 15 percent lose more than $2 million. Simply put, the cost of power protection is far less than one damaging power event.

Standby, or offline, UPSs — These devices represent the lowest cost option. They feature surge protection and backup power by way of fairly simple circuitry, and simply pass utility power through until a power problem occurs. When a problem does occur, they switch to the battery to supply clean power.

Line interactive UPSs — These represent the “better” option. The most notable difference in these models is automatic voltage regulation (AVR), which will boost power when voltage dips (brownout), and “buck” power when a surge occurs. This type of UPS also conditions the power, removing electronic “noise” that can shorten the life of equipment and cause application errors, and even loss of data. AVR-equipped units also offer longer battery life as the batteries are only accessed when power loss occurs.

True online UPSs — This final and “best” solution provides the highest quality power protection through double-conversion of utility power. Incoming AC utility power is converted to DC power, and simultaneously conditioned to eliminate noise and other problems. It is then converted back to AC power before exiting the UPS and provides true uninterrupted power with no battery transfer time when an outage occurs.

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SELECTING THE RIGHT SOLUTION Just like anything else in this world, you get what you pay for in terms of power protection. Determining the proper UPS solution depends mostly on how mission critical the attached devices are to the overall security system. Getting the right solution is vital. While selecting the proper UPS type is important, proper sizing of the unit is also essential. Sizes are given in both volt amps and watts, which measure the unitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capacity and determine the amount of runtime the system will provide for a given amount of electrical load. Most manufacturers provide guides on their Web sites to make the selection process simple for campus security systems integrators. An interesting trend is the need for longer battery backup times. A Frost and Sullivan survey of SMB IT managers shows 75 percent say they would like at least one hour of battery backup time for their security system. A total of 55 percent want at least two hours; 44 percent four hours. Extended runtime UPSs offer the option of adding additional battery packs to get much longer backup time. These external battery packs can be daisy-chained to obtain several hours of runtime if this is required.

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BILL ALLEN is director of marketing for Carrollton, Texas-based Para Systems Inc./Minuteman Power. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com

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feature

student privacy

Photo/illustration: Ron Rennells

FERPA and Campus Public Safety Here’s what you need to know about campus police, security and administrator access to student school records and student arrest information. By Mark Meyerhoff and Alex Wong

n the aftermath of several high-profile campus security incidents that have occurred in the past decade, questions concerning access to student records have become a focal point for many university administrators, school security personnel and school police departments. These incidents have led campus officials to reconsider their practices and policies regarding access to student records and the circumstances when student records can be shared with others. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) provides the statutory framework that generally governs access to and disclosure of student records. Under FERPA, education records usually cannot be disclosed without a court

1. When can campus police or security have access to student records? FERPA allows a school to disclose education records to “school officials” who have “legitimate educational interests” in the information. (34 C.F.R. § 99.31(a)(1)(i) (A).). The Department of Education has determined that the school has broad discretion to designate those school officials who have legitimate educational interests in accessing education records. For example, the “Model Notification of Rights under FERPA for Postsecondary Institutions,” promulgated by the Department of Education, provides that: • A school official is a person employed by the [school or university] in an administrative, supervisory, academic or research, or support staff position (including law enforcement unit personnel 28

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order or consent of the student or parents of a minor student. FERPA’s scope is wide as “education records” are broadly defined as records directly related to a student and maintained by an educational agency. (34 C.F.R. § 99.3.) The law only applies to educational institutions that receive funds under programs administered by the Department of Education. While FERPA may appear to prohibit the disclosure of pertinent student information, the statute actually provides campuses with some flexibility regarding the sharing of student records between a school or university and its police or security personnel. It is important for education campuses to develop disclosure plans that are compliant with FERPA while also providing the greatest protection for students, faculty and staff.

and health staff). • A school official has a legitimate educational interest if the official needs to review an education record in order to fulfill his or her professional responsibilities for the [school or university]. Schools or colleges that provide their campus police or security departments with access to student education records should expressly designate police or security personnel as “school officials” with “legitimate educational interests” in those records. Campus administrators must also keep in mind that the annual notification of FERPA rights must include the school’s criteria for determining who constitutes a “school official” and what constitutes a “legitimate educational interest.” Accordingly, educational institutions should carefully consider who to identify as school

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2011

officials in order to provide school personnel and students with the greatest degree of security. In the event that campus police or security personnel receive any education records, those records do not lose their protection under FERPA. Therefore, protocols should be implemented to ensure that education records are maintained confidentially and only disclosed in compliance with FERPA. It is generally advisable to maintain police records separately from education records. 2. When can campus administration or faculty have access to school police records? If FERPA allows campus police and security to access student records, does it also allow school and college administrators and faculty to access campus police records? In fact it does: FERPA expressly www.campussafetymagazine.com

1/7/11 10:42:49 AM

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student privacy

does not apply to — and does not prohibit the disclosure of — records maintained by a school’s law enforcement unit. Like other terms in FERPA, which are defined broadly, “law enforcement unit” simply means the person, office or department authorized or designated to enforce laws or maintain the security and safety of the school. While law enforcement records are accepted from FERPA’s reach, the exception only applies to records that (1) are cre-

ated by a law enforcement unit, (2) are created for law enforcement purposes and (3) are actually maintained by the law enforcement unit. All these elements must be present in order for law enforcement records to be exempt from FERPA restrictions. For example, records that are created by the law enforcement unit for law enforcement purposes but maintained outside of the law enforcement unit, are not exempt from FERPA’s coverage. Similarly,

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any records created and maintained by a law enforcement unit exclusively for a non-law enforcement purpose (such as a disciplinary action conducted by the school) do not qualify as exempt records and would be subject to FERPA if they directly relate to a student. Administration and police officials also need to be careful of the way records are maintained. If a school treats police records as student records, then those records would likely be subject to FERPA restrictions. However, a school official with a legitimate educational interest could still be given access to those records based on the exception discussed previously. On the other hand, if a college or K-12 campus keeps law enforcement records and student records separately, information within the law enforcement records likely will not be subject to FERPA. In such a case, the information could be disclosed subject only to any applicable state or local laws that might restrict access to those records. It is also worth noting that the federal Clery Act, applicable to colleges and universities who participate in federal financial aid programs, requires the collecting, reporting and annual dissemination of crime data to the campus community. Such disclosures are permitted under FERPA since they do not contain personally identifiable information. 3. Does FERPA make any allowances for disclosure of information from student records in responding to emergencies? In June 2010, the Department of Education released guidelines regarding disclosing information from student education records during emergencies. The guidelines clarify that FERPA is not supposed to be an obstacle when addressing emergencies and protecting student safety. Rather, school and university administrators, police and security officials should know that FERPA provides a great deal of flexibility to campuses in disseminating information in order to respond to emergency situations. Regardless of who a university or K-12 institution designates as a school official with a legitimate interest in student records, where a health or safety emergency exists, campuses may disclose personally identifiable information from a student’s education records to appropriate parties (such as campus police or security, other students, parents or outside law enforcement). The school would be required to show that there is an identifiable and significant threat to health and safety in order to demonstrate there is an emergency. www.campussafetymagazine.com

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Regardless of who a university or K-12 institution designates as a school official with legitimate interest in student records, where a health or safety emergency exists, campuses may disclose personally identifiabl information from a student’s education records to appropriate parties (such as campus police or security, other students, parents or outside law enforcement). Mere possible or eventual emergencies — where the likelihood of the emergency actually occurring is unknown — may not justify the disclosure of student records and information. In addition, disclosure is limited to the period of the emergency and generally does not allow for a blanket release of all personally identifiable information from a student’s education records. In other words, schools should only disclose whatever information is necessary in order to protect health and safety during an actual emergency. Before personally identifiable information regarding students may be disclosed without written consent, campus officials also need to determine that the recipient needs the information to protect health or safety. There must be a rational basis for the school or university’s decision to disclose information to the individuals who receive it. As long as a school can explain how the disclosure of information rationally relates to an emergency, the Department of Education usually will not second guess the decision to release that information. FERPA tries to strike a balance between a college or K-12 school’s need to disclose student records and a student’s (and parent’s) privacy expectations. Because of this, anytime an academic institution discloses information from a student’s record, the campus must record in the student’s education records the identifiable and significant threat that prompted the disclosure and the parties to whom information was disclosed. (34 C.F.R. § 99.32(a)(5).) For colleges, the Clery Act requires schools provide timely warnings of crimes that represent a threat to the safety of students or employees. Under amendments to the Clery Act made in the aftermath of Virginia Tech, colleges are now also required to provide emergency warnings to alert the campus community of an immediate threat to the health or safety of students or employees. Under FERPA’s emergency exception, these warnings might appropriately include information from a student’s education record if the circumstances called for such disclosure. Administration, police and security personnel need to be aware of the parameters established by FERPA. Given the discretion FERPA affords to campus administration, schools and universities should carefully review disclosure policies to allow for necessary disclosure during emergencies or to MARK MEYERHOFF and ALEX WONG prevent emergencies. are attorneys with Liebert Cassidy Whitmore. The firm represents CaliforPlanning ahead can avoid nia’s hospitals, schools and colleges in FERPA acting as an impediall areas of labor and employment law, ment to the sharing of relincluding campus safety. evant student information For additional coverage of this and between the school and its other healthcare and educational police or security personsafety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com nel.

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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT MATTERS

Mass Notification Lessons Learned from Virginia Tech U.S. Department of Education report highlights new precedents that campuses must consider. he U.S. Department of Education (DOE) has released its 28-page Final Program Review Determination (FPRD) on the aftermath of the 2007 shootings that occurred at Virginia Tech (see “Court Allows Va. Tech Officials to Be Sued Over Shootings” on page 12 for details). The Dec. 9 report focused on compliance with certain provisions of the Clery Act. The DOE found that Virginia Tech failed to comply with timely warning issuance and policy provisions. I am not going to focus on what happened specifically at Virginia Tech in 2007. Rather, I will focus on what we all need to be doing today (2011 and beyond) as a result of the new statutory requirements and precedents outlined in the report. There have been numerous incidents all across the country since 2007 that present opportunities for improvement. The DOE FPRD tells us what we can likely expect if our programs are audited following a crisis or complaint. It is a must-read for all campus officials.

By David Burns David Burns has more than 30 years experience in public safety and is the director of UCLA’s Emergency Management Office. He is also a higher education consultant who is a subject matter expert in mass casualty incident management, emergency notification systems, comprehensive plan development, emergency organization, EOC design, operation, crisis communications, threat and vulnerability assessment, disaster recovery, grant administration and auditing. David can be reached at burns.gsmblog@gmail.com.

HEOA DOESN’T DEFINE IMPORTANT TERMS

I have learned there are no absolutes in crisis; we do the best we can with the information we have at the time.

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Some of the findings in the FPRD report are somewhat problematic and unrealistic for emergency management officials working in higher education nationwide. However, the report clearly articulates that we must have our act tog gether. I have learned there are no absolutes in crisis crisis; we do the best we can with the information we have at the time. We should always try to rule in favor of safety. If we do speculate, w we do so for the greater good. When the Higher Education Opportunity A Act of 2008 (HEOA) was released, it was somewhat flawed. The HEOA statute and guidance does not define “significant emerg gency” or “dangerous situation” and how th these two terms correlate with an immediate threat to the health and safety of students, facu or employees on campus. The DOE has faculty still not released new guidance (proposed for relea in October 2011). It’s anybody’s guess release as to what constitutes an emergency under the current statute. What we do know is when we are deemed to have acted improperly, campuses could be subject to investigation. The DOE FPRD appears to ignore factual errors documented by Virginia Tech in the official university response. DOE acknowledges, “Statements made in the program review report are not supported by the Review Panel” (FPRD page 19, last paragraph), yet allowed those statements to support some of the findings.

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WHAT IS AN “ONGOING THREAT?” Perhaps the most startling finding was the opinion of the DOE that “an unknown shooter might be loose on campus made the situation an ongoing threat at that time, and it remained a threat (ongoing) until the shooter was apprehended.” FPRD Page 11 (mid page, end of paragraph). This finding seems to imply that any suspect who remains at-large following a violent (on-campus) crime now constitutes an ongoing threat to the campus community. Or does this only apply to a homicide? It would appear given the new direction, anyone who commits a violent crime using a firearm or deadly weapon should be considered an ongoing threat until they are apprehended, since it could be liberally assumed to be an immediate threat to the health and safety of students, faculty or employees on campus. The report also finds concerns about not having a police department representative or the mass warning issuing authority assigned to the campus policy group (page 25). The Virginia Tech Police Department was assigned as the mass warning notification authority but had deployed its staff to the scene (as it is expected to), because that was its primary mission.

OTHER ISSUES WITH THE HEOA • HEOA does not require that someone is injured (to trigger a mass warning) only that there is “an immediate threat to the health and safety of students, faculty or employees on campus.” Thus, campuses must quickly define the threat. • HEOA does not require the entire campus be at risk. An event in a single building or office could trigger a mass warning. • It is essential that campus mass notification policy define what is significant and what is a dangerous situation. This creates subjective policy standards for every campus. • All that is needed is a confirmation of a significant emergency or dangerous situation involving an immediate threat to the health and safety of students, faculty or employees occurring on campus. It’s that simple, or is it? In a recent campus crisis where a multiple shooting occurred, the incident was contained to one building on campus. The campus spokesperson, in defending a delayed mass notification www.campussafetymagazine.com

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stated, “There was no threat to the rest of campus.” In retrospect, the campus probably should have issued an immediate advisory. This situation threatened the lives of everyone in an on-campus building (students, faculty and staff). It met the intent of the Clery Act and HEOA. More importantly, it scared the hell out of everyone on campus. Also, for a period of time after the shootings, there were additional suspects being sought and detained. That meant the immediate threat and situation were fluid and containment was not known. The FPRD seems to reinforce these issues as a new precedent. If violent suspects are being sought and are not detained, campuses must issue a mass warning or timely warning. Campuses need to understand the timely warning statute under the Clery Act.

DECISION-MAKING PROCESS MUST BE VETTED Decisions to issue mass warnings should be pre-approved (whenever possible), but this isn’t always happening. Personnel assigned to issue mass warnings should assess all of the potential situations when a mass warning is appropriate, and this process should be vetted long before the decision to issue a mass warning occurs. There is enough stress associated with mass warnings. Decisions associated with the activation and delivery must be thought out well in advance. CAS E IN POI NT: rtment was An east coast university police depa on-campus nt, viole a wing follo ized recently critic quoted was e polic sexual assault. The chief of have not does D “xxP , that le in a news artic these (ENS) any set guidelines for sending out nce on a insta each s uate eval messages, but be a policy to ars case-by-case basis.” This appe ble. trou for just begging

The problem I have seen in many recent situations that have been criticized are factors that led to confusion and criticism. Poor policy, no clear policy or making up policy on the fly (what I call “flying by the seat of your pants”) is not what I consider a good practice. There are still some campus emergency response officials who have concluded they will assess the situations and make their decisions at and within the moment (by the seat of their pants). They will likely face severe scrutiny as a result of the mistakes they will make. Higher education officials post-Virginia Tech mustt thoroughly plan, detail and prepare their response strategies long before an actual event occurs. This means clear mass warning policy guidance; clear delegation of authority; a clear and consistent confirmation process; many pre-scripted warnings already laid out for your campus; as well as layered response staff who are well trained and ready to issue a mass warning using redundant and layered systems throughout the campus when they get the call. Finally, the systems must be exercised and tested. There should be no surprises. That is the new baseline in 2011. What happened back in 2007 was a different period. Three years later, the expectations are much higher. Every time I issue a mass warning [our institution is] criticized: “It was not an emergency,” “It took too long,” “It woke me up,” “It upset

me,” “It was an overreaction,” “It wasn’t necessary.” I have yet to hear, “Perfect, you folks did a great job!” Someone always knows better; that much I do know.

MUCH GOOD HAS COME OUT OF HEOA, CLERY The Higher Education and Clery Acts are good laws. They have a purpose. Timeliness in crisis is nutes very subjective. What may be a few minutes nity to the responders seems to be an eternity w for the victims. We know why the law was written, and we understand the intent. It makes our campuses safer. It defines the lines we must adhere to and the mission we have in serving our campus communities. One of the new precedents in the DOE report also found that it is not o a police department’s responsibility to determine whether an alert is issued. Itt is the university’s responsibility. ategy and A university must have a plan, a strategy a clear directive to its staff. But at the end of the day, the university leader is accountable. That is why every campus should make safety and preparedness its very first priorities beyond the academic mission. When was the last time your campus president or chancellor reiterated a message of readiness and preparedness as a priority for every student, faculty and staff on the campus?

Every campus should make safety and preparedness its very first priorities beyond the academic mission.

CREATE YOUR OWN DEFINITION OF ‘EMERGENCY’ Since the HEOA does not define what constitutes a “significant emergency” or “dangerous situation,” our campuses need to define their emergencies long before they occur. Example: Our campus team (emergency management, law enforcement, vice chancellor and media relations) has discussed at least 45 scenarios where we might be forced to use our mass warning system. We agree and have a consensus on about 15 emergent (life threatening) incidents. The rest (close to 30 scenarios) require some level of field confirmation and additional consideration (time of day - 2 p.m. versus 2 a.m.; nature and community impact; and other variables). The most important element is consensus AND communication. This reduces the time to initiate mass warnings to the campus community.

P POLICE SOMETIMES DON’T HAVE TIME TO ISSUE ALERTS One other factor we all need to consider: Campuses that rely solely on their police dep partments to issue mass warning notices could risk significant delays. Why? Police officials are first responders. When the emergency occurs, most if not all of the law enforcement assets on campus may be immediately deployed to the incident scene and field. This means the resources needed to assess, approve and issue mass warnings may be seriously impeded because of the primary mission of law enforcement is to address life safety. These issues take priority. So one question we should ask is, “How will our campus law enforcement staff be able to simultaneously JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2011

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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT MATTERS issue m mass warnings combined with their field respon sponse mission?â&#x20AC;? If they canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t, then we may hav have a problem. Police officials perform their primary m missions: criminal apprehension, crime sscene security and perimeter control. With that mission in mind, is the mass notificattion role appropriate to be housed within a law enforcement agency? Each campus must decide, especially wh where a full-time emergency manager is employe ployed and able to handle this mission. Consideratio siderations every campus should assess include: â&#x20AC;˘ Mass notification in some law enforcement agencies may be considered a secondary mission (it no longer can be). â&#x20AC;˘ Mass notification systems should be integrated, interoperable, allowing simultaneous deployment and not require staff to be physically present with the hardware (on campus). Think IPAWS and Common Alerting Protocol.

Many police agencies only employ one or two dispatchers. Can they adequately address mass warning?

â&#x20AC;˘ Campus police dispatchers in emergencies also have a primary mission â&#x20AC;&#x201D; to engage emergency command, coordination and response to the field personnel by radio. They manage the 9-1-1 phone systems and address numerous (hundreds to thousands of incoming calls from parents, students and personnel in response to an emergency). Many police agencies only employ one or two dispatchers. Can they adequately address mass warning? â&#x20AC;˘ If campuses are relying on police dispatcher(s) to manage the mass warning systems in the middle of a major crisis, there could be significant delays due to operational stress. Radio management and officer safety are critical issues in managing a fluid field emergency, and dispatchers know this. Dispatchers may need to manage multiple radio channels with limited resources. Mass warnings may not become a priority when one is chained to a radio or telephone console. â&#x20AC;˘ How will your campus manage the mass warning system priority when the dispatch center is at full tilt?

Ask Some Basic Questions â&#x20AC;˘ What do we know? â&#x20AC;˘ Are people in danger? If yes, send the alert. â&#x20AC;˘ Is the threat active? If yes, send the alert. If no, send an advisory. â&#x20AC;˘ Are many people at risk? If yes, send the alert. Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll need to decide what â&#x20AC;&#x153;many peopleâ&#x20AC;? means (more than two?).

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â&#x20AC;˘ Is the scene secure? If not, send the alert. â&#x20AC;˘ Is there a need to preserve the crime scene? If yes, send an advisory telling the campus community to stay away (police emergency). â&#x20AC;˘ Will an ENS message impede law enforcement or other allied agencies? If not, send the alert.

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13 Recommendations for Improving Mass Notification on Campus: 01 If possible, campuses should assess reliance on their law enforcement and dispatch staff as the primary authority for issuing mass warnings; their primary mission (life safety response) may conflict with the ability to have resources immediately available to issue mass warnings. 02 Some agencies do not have pre-established policy and procedures in place. This may compound the problem of supporting timely response. 03 The decisions to issue mass warnings should be pre-approved (whenever possible). The personnel assigned to issue mass warnings should know all of the situations when a mass warning is appropriate and should have vetted this process long before the time to make a decision arrives. There is enough stress associated with mass warnings. The decisions associated in the activation and delivery should be thought out well in advance. 04 The campus emergency management office should be considered as the primary issuing authority for mass warnings (if possible). The staff can be easily trained, in place and have the ability to respond immediately according to HEOA guidelines, in a parallel track simultaneously with public safety (9-1-1) field forces. 05 Have a pre-determined list of the events, incidents and situations that could trigger a mass warning on your campus. Where there is clear consensus of the panel reviewing this list, give these situations the green light. Where there is question or the need for confirmation, then list these situations as possible but needing confirmation. 06 Where there is no question, rule out situations where issu-

ing a mass warning is highly unlikely. Rely on field guidance and the facts of the incident for confirmation and other discretionary actions. 07 Establish clear policy and procedures that meet all issues and requirements under the HEOA and Clery Act. 08 Define and delegate authority to the personnel authorized to issue mass warnings. Clearly outline your process (time is stress). 09 Maintain flexibility. What is the worst-case scenario? If you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get approval, can your mass notification personnel still issue a warning based on their good judgment/discretion and the nature of event? 10 Have at least three people designated on call for issuing mass warnings. They should be issued computers, trained and ready to issue notices when advised. 11 Pre-script the event messages so they can meet a wide variety of situations, saving valuable time. 12 Test and train, exercise various scenarios on at least a quarterly basis. Be ready. Confidence in knowing how the system works, your ability to manage and correct possible problems, and understanding the various nuances of your mass warning system will alleviate some of the stress associated with issuing mass warnings. 13 You donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to be issuing mass warnings for the first time during an incident. Do so at your own peril. You should be well rehearsed in this process when that moment arrives. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com

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AS I SEE IT

Campus Safety Grants: It’s Not All Doom and Gloom Grant applications for programs that are sustainable, reduce unemployment and focus on more than just the purchasing of equipment have the best chance of being awarded.

By Kurt Bradley Kurt Bradley is a senior consultant for First Responder Grants, Inc. (www.firstrespondergrants.com). He is a nationally recognized consultant in first responder and public safety agency grant funding and is a retired public safety administrator with 25 years of experience.. He can be reached at kbradley@firstrespondergrants.com or 863-551-9598.

he mid-term elections, a stalled economic recovery and a government functioning with an undecided budget are leaving campus administrators and bean counters with deer-in-the-headlights paralysis. The only real certainty is that things are still very uncertain. With a “cut spending” battle cry from politicians, we have an army of mid-term elected congressional representatives ready to declare war on non-essential spending. The overwhelming train of thought for many in the grants profession is that no programs are 100 percent safe. That thought is perhaps a little bit too apocalyptic, as a new herd of freshman politicians will soon discover the difference between their idealistic campaign promises and the stark reality of running the federal government. The grants highway ahead is likely to have some potholes and a few bridges may be washed out, but we should still be able to arrive at our destinations by simply trading in the family sedan for a more robust SUV. There will certainly be some detours ahead, so you will need to prepare properly and have a good GPS onboard. Reading and interpreting the warning signs will be critical.

NON-MISSION CRITICAL PROGRAMS WILL BE CUT So what are these two major potholes that we need to avoid? What warning signs should we be heeding closely? An astute observer would review the platforms used to elect these new congressional representatives for a glimpse of the new highway. Most political platforms and promises revolved around wasteful and unnecessary spending, and unemployment. We are indeed likely to see some programs being eliminated, but those programs will be ones that are not considered mission critical. Many of these grant programs popped up during the economic utopia born from inflated property values and the subsequent property taxes that they generated locally. Any programs that would fall into the category of being nice to have but not crucial will likely fall victim to elimination or reduced appropriation. Experience tends to indicate that social service programs, both domestically and abroad, will be bearing the brunt of these eliminations. There is a tremendous groundswell of public opinion growing against USAID programs overseas, when our own citizens are desperate for assistance. A “take care of your own first” attitude is emerging as a result and was part and

Components of a Successful Campus Emergency Management Grant Application To win a grant, a campus emergency management project must: • Train campus staff, faculty and students in proper emergency management procedures • Promote and incorporate interoperability with local and state government emergency management efforts in compliance with NIMS edicts • Ensure coordination of planning and communication between all relevant components, offices and departments of the campus • Develop a written plan with procedural protocols covering medical, mental health, communication, mobility, and emergency needs of persons with disabilities, as well as for those individuals with temporary special needs or other unique needs (including those of language or cultural barriers) • Plan in preparation for infectious disease or pandemic outbreaks

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• Develop or enhance a written plan for preventing violence on campus through the formation of assessment teams that address the mental health needs of students, staff and faculty who may be at risk of causing violence • Develop or update a written plan for campus-wide continuity of operations that will allow the campus to properly respond to and to recover after a major critical incident, should one occur Any successful grantee must enhance their current emergency management capability in a wide number of areas. Areas that should be incorporated into any application for this funding should include: • Garnering support and buy-in from top leadership within the institution • Training campus faculty, staff and students in emergency management procedures and response • Coordinating planning across all relevant

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components, offices and departments of the campus as well as within the local community • Coordinating with local and state government emergency management efforts • Supporting the implementation of the NIMS • Pre-establishing roles for faculty, staff, students and first responders • Creating Web-based emergency management portals for information sharing on campus • Conducting drills and exercises with faculty, staff, students and community partners • Completing comprehensive vulnerability assessments of campus facilities • Purchasing emergency equipment and technology necessary to improve overall campus safety and preparedness (but not as a majority of the requested funding)

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parcel of the platforms of many recently elected officials. I also see faith-based programs as suffering similar types of losses in funding. Some may even face elimination. In the education arena, spending in the arts and extracurricular activities will remain somewhat stable, however existing money will more than likely be focused on attempting to retain current instructional staff and student population levels. For universities and colleges, money for research programs will probably suffer further reductions as this belt tightening occurs. Programs such as studying methane gas from cow chips or studying the effects of living under electrical transmission lines are more than likely headed for the chopping block. These types of funding areas typically abound during times of economic vitality, but when the floodgates are being closed down, they will wither and die. Only the strongest grant programs stand a chance of survival.

REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT REMAINS A PRIORITY As this article goes to print, unemployment is still hovering near 10 percent. As evidenced by the proliferation of grant programs spawned by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), there is and will remain a concerted effort in areas of grant funding towards decreasing unemployment. That is not to say that we expect to see another round of stimulus money. This program has unfortunately gained a general perception as being a failed effort that only increased our debt. The federal government is the only area that visibly appears to have benefitted in more jobs. The private sector is still waiting for the job market to return. What many predicted would be only a short term problem that ARRA would help resolve, is now looked at as being a five-year, long-haul effort.

PROGRAMS MUST BE SUSTAINABLE AFTER GRANTS END You should not expect that hiring grants will suddenly appear, however. Grants by their very nature are designed to simply be a stop gap or bridging effort to longterm solutions. The historical failure of the COPS hiring grants and to some extent the SAFER fire act hiring programs is directly linked to the problem of lack of a long-term sustainability component. Under these programs, money was given to hire police officers and firefighters for several years under the premise that local governments would have time to gain

sufficient budgetary resources to absorb these new employees into existing budget resources. Without new residential and industrial growth to generate additional tax based revenue, these local government agencies cannot offer a realistic sustainability plan to their applications. Consequently, their grant applications are failing, or their departments simply will not apply to the programs. There is an important lesson to be learned here by anyone applying for grants. Sustainability, after the grant money is gone, is a huge stumbling block that must be worked out well in advance of the application. A realistic solution to that must be presented in any successful grant application.

GRANTS MUST FOCUS ON MORE THAN JUST EQUIPMENT This uncertainty does not mean that we should still be sitting idle when it comes to safety and security concerns on campuses. Educational institutions seeking supplemental funding from grant programs to address safety and security issues must still prepare themselves well in advance. They must understand that although supplemental funding exists for safety and security projects, equipment alone is usually not allowed to be the sole reason a grant is awarded. Equipment or resources to increase response capability levels on campuses will still carry some priority, but applicants should bear in mind that any request for equipment (such as mass notification, video surveillance, access control or communications interoperability solutions) will need to be an integral part of a larger, comprehensive emergency management plan for the campus. Administrators and safety and security personnel will need to develop a comprehensive all-hazards emergency management plan. Any potential project submitted to a grant program for those purposes must incorporate the framework of the four phases of emergency management: prevention-mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. (See Components of a Successful Campus Emergency Management Grant Application on page 40.)

ASSESSMENTS PREPARE YOU FOR THE APPLICATION PROCESS Institutions of higher education (IHE) seeking to obtain funding from programs for emergency management type of improvements or activities need to take an important first step. A proper threat and vulnerability needs assessment must be performed, as this becomes the basis and

Grants by their very nature are designed to simply be a stop gap or bridging effort to long-term solutions. the justification for the grant being awarded. It will form the outline of your project, and the application and program should fill the gaps identified during that assessment process. This assessment establishes the institution’s “need,” and competition for these available dollars is based upon need. This assessment can separate and raise an institution’s priority in this program considerably, if performed correctly and competently. There are numerous reputable firms that can perform these assessments.

PUBLIC SAFETY GRANTS REQUIRE SPECIALIZED EXPERTISE Applying for grant funding for these types of needs is very often a foreboding task in comparison to the routine grant funding that most IHEs seek annually. We often find that students in our classes, whose primary focus has been writing for IHE research funding, are often intimidated by this process, which requires a different format and approach when seeking to resolve homeland security issues. Exposing campus grant writers to the industry specific techniques used within homeland security funding programs, prior to them beginning the application process, often helps in developing a successful grant application strategy. The need to properly educate your established grant writers should not be ignored. Grant programs have been around for decades and will continue to survive tough economic times. Everyone needs to take a step back and realize that grant funding dollars come from tax based revenues. Rest assured that the government has no intention of stopping the collection of taxes. Grant programs are how the government puts that money back into play, so as long as there are taxes, there will be grants. Competition for the funding will be increasingly competitive, so those of you who prepare now will continue to gain supplemental funding support. Just remember that failure to properly plan is most assuredly a plan to fail. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2011

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TOOLS OF THE TRADE

EasyLobby Visitor Management Solution Integrated with GE Access Control Systems

Schlage, an Ingersoll Rand Security company, releases the SXF2200 midrange contactless smart credential reader, which operates on 13.56MHz frequency. The readers provide advanced security by supporting all applicable ISO 14443 and 15693 standards, the company says. They leverage MIFARE DESFire EV1 technology, are encrypted with AES 128-bit diversified keys, and include mutual authentication and a message authentication code (MAC) to ensure that data is safe. The product also comes standard as FIPS 201/ PIV II-compliant readers.

EasyLobby of Needham, Mass., releases an add-on software module that tightly integrates its Secure Visitor Management (SVM) with UTC Fire & Security’s (UTCFS) line of GE access control systems. When a visitor or contractor is badged using SVM, the person’s name and photo, the employee being visited, the access level granted, the card number, and the expiration date/time are automatically passed from the SVM database to the UTC database. The prox card (or barcode) is activated in real-time.

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Schlage Midrange Contactless Smart Credential Readers

EST Life-Safety Detectors Edwards Systems Technology (EST) presents its Signature series with an optional carbon monoxide sensor, which monitors for signs of smoke. Continuous self-diagnostics ensures reliability over the long-haul, and exclusive field-replaceable smoke chambers make for easy detector maintenance, according to the company. The product features automatic device mapping, which maps where each device is installed relative to other devices on the circuit.

Talk-A-Phone WEBS Contact Mass Notification System

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WEBS Contact is Niles, Ill.-based Talk-APhone’s new mass notification software that utilizes an integrated multi-layer approach to contact a population of any size with site-specific instructions through a variety of notification mediums. Exterior and interior paging units, emergency phones, SMS, E-mail, RSS, LED signage and giant voice can be encompassed into a comprehensive crisis management solution under one platform. Additionally, WEBS Contact allows emergency personnel to develop preprogrammed crisis response scenarios for situations such as environmental incidents, natural disasters, workplace violence and terrorist activity. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/11252

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HES Integrated iCLASS Access Control Hanchett Entry Systems (HES) Inc. of Phoenix, an ASSA ABLOY company, announces its iCLASS integrated products, a combination of HID iCLASS access control technology and HES electric strikes. Each HES iCLASS integrated product features a low-profile mullion reader built on HID 13.56MHz iCLASS technology, an HES electric strike with latchbolt monitor and a door position switch. The solutions provide standard Wiegand output for compatibility with most online access control systems, according to the company. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/11254

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CAMPUS SAFETY

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RECESS

WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?

THEY SAID IT I’m having a baby, and I wanted to catch a buzz. What a Pennsylvania man who was anticipating the birth of his child told police after he was busted for smoking pot in the hospital. Source: CNN

Photo courtesy Safe Havens International

ANSWER:

These handcuffs are being improperly secured in a campus safety officer’s work area. An aggressor could use them to handcuff an officer whom they have subdued or as a weapon.

DID YOU KNOW?

$24,000 of Americans who have eating disorders are male.

is the average student load debt for college seniors who graduated in 2009.

Source: American Academy of Pediatrics

Source: Project on Student Debt

10%

You shouldn’t have to be digitally stripsearched or doused with radiation to visit your grandmother. Jeff Buske of Larkspur, Colo., on the Transportation Security Administration’s airport screening techniques. Buske is selling underwear online, with fibers of X-rayrepelling material strategically placed over the crotch and on brassieres to protect your private parts from unwanted radiation and government peeping at airports. It has yet to be determined if the products actually work. Source: Los Angeles Times

$1.4 million

was spent by Ohio State University on security, traffic and parking for the 2009 football season.

525

Source: The Lantern

3.4 million

abducted children have been brought home safely as a direct result of an AMBER Alert.

U.S. adults are the victims of stalking every year.

Source: DOJ (as of Nov. 17, 2010)

Source: USDOJ

FOR ADDITIONAL COVERAGE OF HEALTHCARE, EDUCATIONAL CATIONAL SAFETY, AND SECURITY TOPICS TOPICS, VISIT CampusSafetyMagazine.com

Bobit

CAMPUS SAFETY MAGAZINE (ISSN 1066-7039) (CDN IPM#40013413) is published BI-Monthly with an extra issue in November, by Bobit Business Media, 3520 Challenger Street, Torrance, California 90503-1640. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Campus Safety Magazine, P.O. Box 1068, Skokie, IL 60076-8068. Please allow 8 to 16 weeks for address changes to take effect.

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