TIMELY WARNINGS VS. EMERGENCY NOTIFICATIONS: K DESIGNING CAMPUS LOUDSPEAKER SY
Hosp How to t Conduct C School Drug Sweeps ••••• Video Surveillance Best Practices www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/18123 www.camp pussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/18123
WWW.CAMPUSSAFETYMAGAZINE.COM AUGUST 2011 • VOL. 19 • NO. 5
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Your Mass Notification Problems Solved EXPERTS DISCUSS POLICIES, PLANNING AND COORDINATION TIMELY WARNINGS VS. EMERGENCY NOTIFICATIONS: KNOW THE DIFFERENCE DESIGNING CAMPUS LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:
Hospital Visitor Management ••••• How to Conduct School Drug Sweeps ••••• Video Surveillance Best Practices WWW.CAMPUSSAFETYMAGAZINE.COM AUGUST 2011 • VOL. 19 • NO. 5
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PEGGY ONSTAD (310) 533-2477 fax: (310) 533-2502 peggy.onstad@bobit.com Executive Editor
ROBIN HATTERSLEY GRAY (310) 533-2534 fax: (310) 533-2502 robin.gray@bobit.com Associate Editor
BRITTANY-MARIE SWANSON (310) 533-2588 fax: (310) 533-2502 brittany.swanson@bobit.com Art Director
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FEATURES 14 Solving Your Common Emergency Notification Problems
Best practices include planning, appropriate policies, coordination with other stakeholders, and campus education and branding programs. By Robin Hattersley Gray
18 Timely Warnings vs. Emergency Notifications: What’s the Big Difference? Get Clery compliant by knowing when and how to apply these two different requirements. By S. Daniel Carter
26 Sound Advice: How to Design Campus Loudspeaker Systems Be certain to conduct appropriate acoustic sound surveys, specify the right equipment and prerecord your emergency messages. By Stefan Pollack
32 Video Surveillance Best Practices: What Works
Our experts explain how camera selection and placement, appropriate integration and the right policies can help you make the most of your investment in video surveillance technology. By Robin Hattersley Gray
36 Healthcare Facility Visitor Management Basics
Today’s electronic solutions do an effective job of screening and tracking hospital guests and vendors. Each campus can determine the quantity and type of information they can obtain on a visitor before the guest is allowed access. By John V. Murzycki
38 How to Conduct Canine Assisted Narcotics Sweeps of K-12 Schools Communicating with students and parents as well as understanding the laws and court decisions that apply to these kinds of searches will give you the tools you need to keep your campus drug free. By Jeff Dorfsman and Chris Meisch
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(310) 533-2400 fax: (310) 533-2510 www.campussafetymagazine.com EDITORIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL Shad U. Ahmed Chief of Emergency Medical Services, University of Rhode Island S. Daniel Carter Director of Public Policy, Security On Campus Inc. Michael Dorn Safe Havens Int’l Osborne Frazier NYPD Div. of School Safety Linda Glasson Security Manager/Consultant, Obici Hospital William Lassiter Center for Prevention of School Violence Joseph Moscaritolo Madison Park Vocational HS, Boston K. Gary Somerville Senior Campus Supervisor, Natrona County School District, Casper, Wyo. Philip Mullendore Institute for Campus Safety
Member of:
4 From the Editor’s Desk When You Blow It, Admit It
6 News Watch
Facebook, Time Warner Partner to Expand Anti-Bullying Campaign
42 Emergency Management Matters
Don’t Accept Mediocrity in Your Emergency Management Program
46 Ad Index 50 Tools of the Trade 56 Recess
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FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK
When You Blow It, Admit It
What you can learn from the News Corp. media debacle.
A
Robin Hattersley Gray is executive editor of Campus Safety. She can be reached at robin.gray@bobit.com or (310) 533-2534
s details of the News of the World hacking scandal unfold, I’m amazed at how Rupert Murdock and his company, News Corp., have handled it in the press. For those of you who don’t know the details of the story, it recently came to light that the British tabloid hacked the cell phone of a murdered 13-year-old schoolgirl in 2002, possibly hampering the investigation into her disappearance. Additionally, the newspaper is suspected of hacking the phones of thousands more members of the general public, as well as celebrities and the royal family. As for whether or not all of these allegations are true, I will leave that to the British courts and the American justice system, which is now looking into the possibility that 9-11 victims were also hacked. That said, the extent of the hacking appears to be significant. Despite the overwhelming nature of these revelations, News Corp. has failed miserably at PR damage control. This is remarkable considering the press – including Murdock’s own media empire, which is one of the most powerful in the world – regularly pounce on companies, institutions and governmental organizations that don’t accept responsibility for their wrong-doings. With the hacking scandal, News Corp. should have known better. If your campus has received negative media attention, you know what it’s like to be in the hot seat. For those of you who had good crisis management plans in place, the heat from the media and resulting damage to your institution were at least somewhat mitigated. In fact, there have been cases where a crisis that was handled well led to better community and media relations. For those of you who denied culpability and didn’t have a crisis communications plan, however, the toll on you and your institution was probably considerable. If the mistake caused or negatively
affected a life safety incident – such as a shooting, sexual assault or natural disaster – the fallout was most likely much worse. Over the years, Campus Safety has run some excellent articles on crisis communications and management. I encourage all of you to read or re-read “Managing the Unimaginable” and “Managing Crises Means Managing Victims,” which can be found at CampusSafetyMagazine.com. Some valuable tips from these articles include: 1. When an incident occurs, prompt response is required, particularly if there is serious injury or death 2. Apologize to the victims and their families 3. Accept responsibility when you’ve made a mistake 4. Don’t portray your institution as a victim 5. Don’t try to discredit your victims or shift the blame to another organization (or blame the victim) 6. Acknowledge and validate the victims 7. Provide a platform from which victims can describe their pain and warn others 8. When appropriate, campus police and security should be available to the media and be as transparent as legally possible 9. Work with reporters and provide them with credible information so they are not required to go to less reliable sources 10. Hold multiple news conferences within the first few hours of an incident and then at least daily for as long as needed 11. Monitor all forms of media coverage continually 12. Ask for help from other individuals and institutions that have experienced similar problems or incidents 13. Provide one-on-one interviews with key administrators and other appropriate subjects 14. Learn from your mistakes and make the appropriate changes so the problem won’t happen again Following these guidelines will help you avoid the mess that Murdock and his media empire are experiencing right now.
WHAT’S ON THE WEB NOW
CampusSafetyMagazine.com
WEB EXCLUSIVE CONTENT:
Managing the Unimaginable • CampusSafetyMagazine.com/ManagingTheUnimaginable
Managing Crises Means Managing Victims NEW FEATURES: Videos: CampusSafetyMagazine.com/Videos Blogs: CampusSafetyMagazine.com/Blog Photo Galleries: CampusSafetyMagazine.com/PhotoGallery Podcasts: CampusSafetyMagazine.com/Podcast
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• CampusSafetyMagazine.com/ManagingVictims
Photo Highlights of the IAHSS 2011 AGM • CampusSafetyMagazine.com/IAHSS2011AGM
Hospital Security Update eNewsletter • CampusSafetyMagazine.com/eNewsSignUp
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Speak Up: Facebook, Time Warner Partner to Expand Anti-Bullying Campaign By Brittany-Marie Swanson NEW YORK & PALO ALTO, Calif. — Facebook and Time Warner Inc. are forming a joint initiative called “Stop Bullying: Speak Up,” a multi-media campaign that will combine and expand upon both companies’ anti-bullying efforts. The “Stop Bullying: Speak Up” campaign was originally launched by Time Warner-owned Cartoon Network in October 2010, when the network’s audience research demonstrated that young people felt bullying was a problem, “but it was one they felt they could change if someone would show them how,” Alice Cahn, Cartoon Network’s VP of Social Responsibility, tells Campus Safety.
BYSTANDERS ENCOURAGED TO ADDRESS BULLYING “We decided to focus on motivating our audience to become active bystanders when witnessing bullying,” Cahn explains. “Eighty-five percent of the young people involved in bullying incidents are the ones watching it happen; by demonstrating how to safely ‘speak up’ we have the potential to reach the largest segment of the audience involved.” The network’s new partnership with Facebook, Cahn says, will allow the campaign to reach a larger population through Facebook’s Family Safety Center. The Family Safety Center, which can be found online at www.facebook.com/ safety, “offers new safety resources for parents, educators, teens and members of the law enforcement community,” Andrew Noyes, Facebook’s manager of public policy communications, says. Currently, the center provides educational videos, external resources from experts, and downloadable materials on online safety. “Over time, we’ll continue to invest significant time, energy and money in adding content and tools to our Safety Center so it will always be growing and improving,” Noyes adds.
SOCIAL MEDIA SITE ALSO ADDRESSING THE ISSUE Facebook also launched the Facebook Safety Page in July 2010. The page, which can be found at www.facebook. com/fbsafety, showcases dynamic con6
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tent to complement the resources in the Safety Center, and includes educational materials from Facebook’s Safety Advisory Board — of which Childnet International, The Family Online Safety Institute, Common Sense Media, ConnectSafely and WiredSafety are members. Earlier this spring, Facebook introduced a new social reporting tool at the White House Conference on Bullying Prevention. “We’ve always offered a comprehensive system for people to report content to us, which has been effective at keeping inappropriate content off the site,” Noyes explains. “We simply added a unique feature, developed with safety experts, that lets people also report content to someone in their support system — like a parent or teacher — who may be able to address the issue more directly.”
SCHOOLS ENCOURAGED TO USE MATERIALS Cartoon Network also offers anti-bullying materials, which “schools are more than welcome to use...in ways that meet their needs,” Cahn says. “Our PSA’s, available at no charge on our Web site, are currently being used in school news reports, as part of morning announcements, as classroom discussion starters, and at student and parent assemblies. Additionally, our tip sheets can be reproduced for classroom use or sent home to parents; and the parent component of our Web site has further resources that educators and parents can access from partner organizations such as Stop Bullying Now, PACER, GLSEN and the AntiDefamation League.” The “Stop Bullying: Speak Up” campaign will also include CNN’s Anderson Cooper 360° Town Hall — a televised discussion on bullying scheduled to air in October as part of Bullying Prevention month — and expansive coverage on bullying and innovative programs and measures designed to combat it by PEOPLE, Sports Illustrated and TIME magazines. Facebook is also scheduled to launch the “Stop Bullying: Speak Up” Social
Illustration: Ron Rennells
Pledge App in Fall 2011 to “enable educators, parents, and kids to make a personal commitment — and recruit others to join them — to help stop bullying,” Noyes says.
PARENTS, STUDENTS, SCHOOLS MUST TAKE RESPONSIBILITY “Online safety is a responsibility shared amongst parents, teachers, teens, policy makers and services like Facebook,” Noyes continues. “We strive to be as innovative when it comes to safety as we are in every other part of our business. We hope our tools, features, and awareness campaigns will make a difference.” “Stopping bullying is an issue of concern in schools and communities around the world; and collaborative efforts at prevention are what will make the difference,” Cahn says. “Schools can take a leadership position in galvanizing their communities to create change. “’Stop Bullying: Speak Up’ is a longterm commitment and priority for Cartoon Network. Bullying is a serious concern for our target audience of young people; and it’s a concern they want to, and believe they can, address,” she adds. “They trust our brand to provide them with useful information in a way that speaks directly to them. And according to our research, we are consistently delivering on that promise.” For more information on the Stop Bullying: Speak Up campaign, visit Cartoon Network’s Web site, www.StopBullyingSpeakUp.com. ■ www.campussafetymagazine.com
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NEWS WATCH
Submit Your Nomination for Director of the Year!
Campus Safety magazine is pleased to announce that it is now accepting nominations for the 2011 Campus Safety Director of the Year program. If you know a hospital, university or school campus police chief, director of public safety and security, or emergency manager who goes above and beyond the call of duty, demonstrating Last year’s winner of the outstanding leadership skills, ingenuity, Director of the Year award, selflessness and overall achievement, California State University, we encourage you to submit his or her San Bernardino Chief of Police Jimmie Brown, cut crime (or your) nomination. on campus and consolidated Now in its sixth year, the CS Direc- dispatch services to grab the tor of the Year program highlights the top prize. achievements of campus public safety executives in North America. Last year’s winner, California State University, San Bernardino Chief of Police Jimmie Brown, cut crime on campus and consolidated dispatch services to grab the top prize. Turning the campus parking deck into a business structure unit helped David Dougherty, director of security services for Canton, Ohio-based Aultman Hospital earn the healthcare award in 2009. The revenue generated from that venture paid for maintenance, lighting upgrades and the installation of video surveillance equipment. Michael Parks, director of campus security for Minnesota State University, Moorhead, the 2009 education winner, also had impressive accomplishments. During the Red River flood of 2009, he served as campus incident commander in which he managed 25,000 volunteers, the call center, delivery of 40,000 pounds of food and arranged for housing during the emergency.
HOW TO WIN Following these four steps will ensure your nomination has the best chance of getting the judges’ attention: 1. Clearly describe in a reasonable amount of detail the accomplishments of your nominee 2. Provide specific examples that demonstrate his or her achievements 3. Whenever possible, provide quantifiable data as to why your nominee deserves to win 4. Get your materials in on time, including recommendations from other administrators and employees The award winner will receive: • Special editorial coverage and photos in a future issue of Campus Safety magazine • Recognition in the campus safety and security community • A $100 American Express gift certificate • A custom plaque Additional information that will help you prepare your 2011 nomination can be found at CampusSafetyMagazine.com/ DirectorOfTheYear. The entry form can be found on page 54. Good luck to all of our nominees. May the best director win!
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UCLA Health System Settles HIPAA Case LOS ANGELES — Following an investigation by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR), the University of California at Los Angeles Health System (UCLAHS) has agreed to settle potential violations of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 6 (HIPAA) Privacy and Security Rules for $865,500 and has committed to a corrective action plan aimed at remedying gaps in its compliance with the rules. The agreement resolves two separate complaints filed with OCR on behalf of two celebrity patients who received care at UCLAHS. The complaints alleged that UCLAHS employees repeatedly and without permissible reason looked at the electronic protected health information of these patients. OCR’s investigation into the complaints revealed that from 2005-2008, unauthorized employees repeatedly looked at the electronic protected health information of numerous other UCLAHS patients. Through policies and procedures, entities covered under HIPAA must reasonably restrict access to patient information to only those employees with a valid reason to view the information and must sanction any employee who is found to have violated these policies. “Covered entities are responsible for the actions of their employees. This is why it is vital that trainings and meaningful policies and procedures, including audit trails, become part of the everyday operations of any healthcare provider,” OCR Director Georgina Verdugo says. “Employees must clearly understand that casual review for personal interest of patients’ protected health information is unacceptable and against the law.” The corrective action plan requires UCLAHS to implement Privacy and Security policies and procedures approved by OCR, to conduct regular and robust trainings for all UCLAHS employees who use protected health information, to sanction offending employees, and to designate an independent monitor who will assess UCLAHS compliance with the plan over three years. “Covered entities need to realize that HIPAA privacy protections are real and OCR vigorously enforces those protections,” Verdugo says. “Entities will be held accountable for employees who access protected health information to satisfy their own personal curiosity.” The HIPAA Privacy Rule gives people rights over their protected health information and sets rules and limits on uses and disclosures of that health information. The Security Rule protects health information in electronic form by requiring entities covered by HIPAA to implement physical, technical and administrative safeguards to ensure that people’s electronic protected health information remains private and secure. ■
www.campussafetymagazine.com
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NEWS WATCH
U.S. Dept. of Ed Releases New FERPA and HEA Emergency Guidance The U.S. Department of Education’s Family Policy Compliance Office (FPCO) is making available a new 16-page guidance titled Emergencies on Campus. This guidance is intended to assist school officials who may be reassessing their campus safety policies by offering a summary of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as pertinent provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) that apply to postsecondary institutions. The new guidance is designed to help campuses protect parents and students’ privacy rights under FERPA as part of their emergency planning. It also provides additional information about threat assessment teams and the HEA disclosure requirements. The document can be found at www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com/FERPA. ■
Study: Rate of Serious Youth Crime Stabilized in 2009 WASHINGTON — The Forum on Child and Family Statistics released “America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2011” in July. The report noted that serious violent crime involving youth victims stayed about the same in 2008 and 2009. However, the rate was still significantly lower than its peak in 1993. In 1993, the serious violent crime victimization rate was 44 per 1,000 youth, compared with the 2009 rate of 10 per 1,000 youth. In 2009, the rate at which youth were victims of serious violent crimes was 10 crimes per 1,000 youth ages 12–17. A total of 233,800 such crimes occurred in 2009. In 2009, White, non-Hispanic youth were as likely as Hispanic youth to be victims of a serious violent crime. Older youth (ages 15–17) were as likely to be victims of a serious violent crime as younger youth (ages 12–14) were in 2009. ■ Youth victims per 1,000 youth ages 12-17 100 80 60
Male
40 Total 20
Notre Dame Agrees to Alter Sexual Misconduct Response SOUTHBEND, Ind. — The University of Notre Dame has agreed to change its process of handling sexual misconduct allegations following a seven-month investigation of the university by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Among other modifications, the nine-page agreement calls for Notre Dame to finish administrative reviews within 60 days and to have a written policy stating that sexual misconduct allegations are evaluated by university administrators using a lower burden of proof than in criminal courts, the Chicago Tribune reports. The ED’s investigation was in response to the case of Lizzy Seeberg, who committed suicide after accusing a Notre Dame football player of sexual battery. Seeberg’s family questioned the 15-day delay in the university’s interviewing of the accused. The investigation did not address any specific incidents that the university failed to respond to correctly, the Associated Press reports. The ED found that while the university had many preventive measures in place, it did not properly inform students and staff of the steps that would be taken after a complaint was made. ■ 12
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DHS: Foreign Parties Installing Malware on U.S. Electronics
San Francisco Won’t Outsource Hospital Security SAN FRANCISCO — The city’s $6.8 billion budget package for the new fiscal year reverses most health and human services cuts and eliminates San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee’s plan to contract out security at the city’s two public hospitals. The main point of contention was Lee’s plan to save $3.3 million by outsourcing security at San Francisco General and Laguna Honda hospitals, the San Francisco Chronicle reports. The plan was opposed by Service Employees International Union, Local 1021. ■
Electronics sold in the United States are being preloaded with spyware, malware and security-compromising components by unknown foreign parties, according to the testimony of DHS National Protection and Programs Directorate Greg Schaffer. In July, Schaffer admitted to the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee that both Homeland Security and the White House have been aware of this for quite some time, Fast Company reports. This means that some technology being marketed in the United States has been purposely designed to enable cyberattacks. During questioning, Schaffer said that combatting security issues caused by the malware in the U.S. electronics supply chain would require a wholeof-government effort. www.campussafetymagazine.com
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feature
mass notification
SOLVING YOUR COMMON
EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PROBLEMS
PLANNING, POLICIES, COORDINATION WITH OTHER STAKEHOLDERS AND EDUCATION WILL HELP TO ENSURE EVERYONE ON CAMPUS IS APPROPRIATELY By Robin Hattersley-Gray ALERTED DURING A CRISIS.
H
ere are some of the more common emergency communication challenges faced by universities and hospitals, and the solutions that public safety practitioners say work for them.
CHALLENGE: DETERMINING WHEN TO ISSUE A WARNING Mass notification professionals generally agree that the best way to address this issue is to brainstorm about possible threats and disaster scenarios long before a situation develops. Campus stakeholders should then come to a consensus on how the campus will respond. It is best to include these possible threats — be they severe weather, hurricanes, active shooter incidents, earthquakes or Hazmat situations — in a campus emergency notification policy. Florida State University’s (FSU) policy, for example, covers several types of situations and can be found online at CampusSafetyMagazine.com/FSUEmergencyNotificationPolicy. The next step is to determine what is the specific hazard facing the campus and its potential impact on the institution. Is there the potential for serious injury, death, significant damage to property or a major disruption to campus operations? How soon does the message need to be sent (seconds, hours or days)? Who needs to be alerted? UCLA, for example, has defined 45 potential scenarios: 15 of them — such as those involving active shooters, Hazmat incidents with injury or evacuation and 14
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bomb threats with evacuation — don’t require confirmation. Another 30 require some type of confirmation. “If we get a suspicious package today, we will send the police out to investigate,” says UCLA Emergency Preparedness Manager David Burns. “If they determine that it is suspicious, then they will notify the Los Angeles Police Department bomb squad. But this also depends on the package’s location and proximity to people. If it is in a parking lot surrounded by 200 feet of nothing, it is not considered an immediate risk.” How quickly a threat will impact the campus also plays a role in determining if an alert should be issued. “One type of event that currently requires some discretion for notification is weather-related incidents,” says Dave Tindall, assistant vice president for technology services at Seattle Pacific University. “In the Pacific Northwest, we don’t experience tornados or hurricanes, but we do have an occasional winter snow storm that paralyses the city. The use of emergency notification has only been used occasionally for weather-related incidents. Most weather events are known in advance, and we tend to rely on E-mail notification as the primary communication vehicle.” FSU applies the same logic to hurricanes. That being said, FSU Emergency Management Coordinator David Bujak recommends campuses not be shy about issuing emergency notifications. “I think some schools are afraid they are going to annoy people with their alerts,” he says. “If you are consistent in your poli-
cies and issuing alerts where there is a significant threat, then people are going to learn to appreciate them.” University of Nebraska Safety Manager John Hauser agrees, saying, “I instruct the dispatchers: ‘When in doubt, call it out’ — depending on the situation.”
CHALLENGE: DETERMINING WHICH ALERT METHODS ARE APPROPRIATE Bujak recommends that campuses take a nuanced approach to issuing alerts. In other words, don’t use all of your mass notification methods for every incident. “I think a big failure for a lot of campuses is that they have an all-or-nothing approach,” he says. “What do you do for the gray areas?” Bujak believes universities should look at the facts of each incident or situation to determine the methods of emergency notification that should be deployed. “For example, we had a shooting on campus in January,” he explains. “Most people would say, ‘You sent out a warning, right?’ Well, when we received the call, it was immediately identified as an accident. Police officers were immediately on the scene to verify the incident had occurred, and they had the weapon and the suspect in custody. So the question becomes, ‘Is there an ongoing threat to campus?’ And the answer was ‘No.’ Do I need to send a warning? No. Is there a need to inform the community that something happened? Most definitely. In that case, we did a partial activation where we posted information to our Web sites, Twitter, RSS feeds and more passive www.campussafetymagazine.com
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modes. This incident happened at 2:30 a.m. We didn’t sound our sirens or send text messages because there was no need to do so.” Campuses continue to also ponder who and when certain stakeholders on campus should be notified about nonemergencies, such as power outages. For example, doctors and researchers about to begin an operation at a hospital or an electricity-dependent project in a university laboratory might not want to start their work until the threat of thunder storms — which could affect campus electrical power — has passed.
CHALLENGE: CRAFTING AN APPROPRIATE ALERT All of the experts interviewed by Campus Safety on this topic have developed prewritten emergency messages, but Burns warns that even when a campus takes this step, most situations do not meet the prewritten criteria. The messages must be modified on the fly. “All the prewritten messages do is lessen the time it takes to put out a message,” he says. “It covers the major elements of what you want to say, but each incident is unique.” Despite this, Burns believes it is better
than spending valuable time word-smithing each emergency alert. “We’ve learned that there is no perfect message. You have to get something out that is clear, concise and meaningful.” According to Houser, text-to-voice messages can pose problems if the person crafting the message isn’t trained on the system. “Sometimes when you put in numbers, the computer doesn’t recognize them,” he says. “For voice messaging, you have to spell out the number, otherwise the message will say four billion, 250 million, etc. You also have to put commas after the
9 MASS NOTIFICATION BEST PRACTICES 1. DETERMINE WHO HAS AUTHORITY TO ISSUE ALERTS. A campus emergency notification policy should cover who has the authority to approve sending messages. According to USC’s Captain David Carlisle, there shouldn’t be too many decision makers. “The group of people authorized to decide whether or not to issue a Trojans Alert has to be relatively small in order to expedite the process,” he says. The policy should also cover who actually issues those warnings. Is it the police department, security department, emergency management, the communications department or some other group? WHO HAS THE AUTHORITY TO ISSUE EMERGENCY NOTICE? Security director President Vice president Police chief Emergency management Incident commander Public relations/PIO CEO Emergency response Deputy chief Safety team IT Superintendent Residence life director Principal Chancellor Human resources Other
54% 48% 44% 39% 30% 30% 26% 20% 19% 17% 15% 11% 9% 6% 6% 6% 4% 11%
FSU Emergency Management Coordinator Dave Bujak. “If it turns out to be a non-event, that’s not your problem. Let them be the professionals, and don’t try to second guess them.” 3. ADOPT THE OPT-OUT APPROACH TO TEXT ALERT ENROLLMENT. According to CS’ 2010 mass notification survey, only 11 percent of campuses that have text message alert systems have automatic enrollment with an opt-out option. Although opt-out is not very popular, Bujak says this approach to getting campus constituents to enroll in text alerting is the most effective. “With opt-in, in the best case you are looking at a 35-40 percent participation rate and the worst case is 10 percent. It’s hardly worth it. We have an opt-out policy. You can’t register for classes unless you provide us with your phone number or check the disclaimer that ‘I am opting out.’” This approach has yielded FSU a 90 percent participation rate.
Source: Campus Safety 2010 Mass Notification Survey
4. EDUCATE CAMPUS ABOUT YOUR MASS NOTIFICATION PROGRAM. This can be done via E-mail announcements, new student and staff orientation, Web site announcements, newspaper/ newsletter announcements, posters, sign-up tables, TV and radio ads, mailers/ teacher/ parent meetings, parent association meetings and more.
2. TRUST THE WEATHER SERVICE. “If the National Weather Service issues a warning, relay that warning,” recommends
5. AUTOMATE YOUR DATABASE. The campuses that manage their databases most effectively tie in their student enroll-
ment and human resource databases. Additionally, these automated processes scan for students who are no longer attending and employees who have been terminated. Vendors can also help with this process. Some systems have a feature that discontinues sending a message to a device if it continues to not receive or reject messages. The system then communicates the problem to the recipient’s other devices. 6. COORDINATE WITH I.T. AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS. “A lot of people developed their systems in a vacuum and they either stepped on toes or didn’t realize they spent $100,000 on this when they could have utilized something else,” says Bujak. “For us, we are embarking on the whole voice over IP thing. Rather than me go and spend $20,000 on indoor speakers in XYZ building, I go talk to my I.T. people. They are already covering that cost. I’ll have a building online in two months, and I just saved $20,000.” The systems being installed should also be scalable. 7. KEEP AN EYE ON INTEGRATION. “Pick the right system that integrates the various modes so that you’re not having to do 15 different things to get your message out,” says Nebraska Medical Center Safety Manager John Hauser. Hauser’s campus uses e2Campus to integrate text, E-mail, voice notification and computer notification. 8. USE MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES FROM DIFFERENT VENDORS.
Deploying multiple modes will help to ensure the strengths of one solution compensate for the weaknesses of others. For example, USC’s Trojans Alert is provided by Cooper Notification. To cover the gaps of this SMS text/E-mail system, the campus recently tested a solution from IntelliGuard that uses paging technology to notify the campus community via messaging signs and FOBs. “It’s a good additional layer because the technology behind it is different than the cell phones,” USC Department of Public Safety Chief Carey Drayton says. “It doesn’t have to go through a gateway for text messages. It doesn’t have to rely on computers to process the messages. It goes to all of the devices simultaneously. In less than 10 seconds, every device had the message.” 9. KNOW AHEAD OF TIME WHEN YOU WILL ACTIVATE YOUR MASS NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS. “Define the situations where you know you are going to activate,” UCLA’s Emergency Preparedness Manager David Burns says. “If you wait until you have a situation, you are asking for trouble. There have been so many media reports where campus officials don’t have a policy and they are going to rely on the circumstances to define how they are going to act. This is a recipe for disaster. It’s going to create delays. You are going to have the inevitable argument and meanwhile the community is wondering where the information is because they are starting to see it on TV and hearing about it through social media, yet the campus is silent.”
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mass notification
numbers so the computer will slow down. Otherwise, it rattles off the numbers so quickly that you can’t understand them. “’Code triage’ is used in a hospital for disaster mass casualty notification,” continues Houser. “When the computer tries to pronounce it, it is a French word and it will come out almost unrecognizable.” For initial emergency alerts, FSU takes a different approach. Instead of having prewritten messages for each type of hazard, the institution has two basic messages: 1. For any human-caused, criminal situation that poses an imminent threat to health and safety: “FSU ALERT!* DANGEROUS SITUATION! Main Campus — Tallahassee. Seek shelter immediately, away from doors and windows http:// alerts.fsu.edu or 850-644-4636.” 2. For any natural or technical situation that poses an imminent threat: “FSU ALERT!* HAZARDOUS CONDITION! Main Campus — Tallahassee. Seek shelter immediately, away from doors and windows http://alerts.fsu.edu or 850-644-4636.” To support this approach, FSU has a robust branding and public relations program that educates students, faculty
and staff on how to respond to an emergency alert. Bujak’s logic for this approach is: “What is the basic, minimum information you have to tell someone from the get go? An emergency is occurring, seek shelter and get more information. So effectively, all of our [initial] messages say that.” The community then gets additional information from FSU’s Web site and subsequent messages.
CHALLENGE: MANAGING THE MESSAGE WHEN THE MEDIA IS INVOLVED The media often get the jump on notifying the public about a developing situation, which could make a campus appear to be slow in issuing an alert. University of Southern California (USC) Department of Public Safety Captain David Carlisle, however, warns that journalists are in the breaking news business and that compared to a campus, they are not held to as high a standard regarding the accuracy of the information they convey. “Quite often, frankly, their reports are inaccurate or speculative,” he says. “We have to be accurate because it could be
a life or death situation. That’s going to take some time, but generally speaking, we issue a Trojans Alert as fast as the situation allows us. That could be five minutes, up to 30 minutes, depending on the situation.” As an example, Carlisle recalls an incident that occurred earlier this year involving a suspicious package that was mailed to one of USC’s departments. It turned out to be an advertisement with a flashing red light in it, but before this was known, “We followed our normal protocols and notified the LAPD,” he says. “They responded with their bomb squad. LAPD policy dictates that they respond Code 3 (red lights and sirens). “The media monitors those types of calls, and we had helicopters overhead very soon as the building was being evacuated. With a situation like that, people need to know, but we had to be accurate. The media was way out ahead of us on the notifications, but their information wasn’t accurate. We felt it was causing more harm than good.” For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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feature
clery compliance
TIMELY WARNINGS
vs
EMERGENCY NOTIFICATIONS
WHAT’S THE BIG
DIFFERENCE?
KNOWING WHEN AND HOW TO APPLY THESE TWO DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS WILL HELP YOU TO COMPLY WITH THE CLERY ACT. By S. Daniel Carter
T
he emergency notification requirement added to the Jeanne Clery Act in 2008 is much more than a quicker version of the longstanding timely warning requirement that has been a part of the law since it was first enacted in 1990. In fact, in many cases there may be no practical difference in the expected timeframe – especially as envisioned by campus community members. In many cases, however, the circumstances under which colleges and universities must issue notifications are far different than for warnings as is the scope of their dissemination.
EMERGENCY ALERTS ARE TRIGGERED BY A BROAD RANGE OF THREATS Timely warnings are triggered when an institution determines that a crime for which it must report statistics – such as a homicide, sex offense or robbery – presents a serious or continuing threat to students and employees. This is determined 18
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by one or more officials who should be pre-identified in the institution’s annual Clery Act report. The crime must have been reported to a campus security authority – such as campus police or security, or an official with significant responsibility for student and campus activities like a dean of students – or local police. It must also have occurred on campus, on immediately accessible public property or at a noncampus location, such as a Greek house or remote classroom. Each report must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Every “Clery crime” must be evaluated to determine if a warning should be issued. Emergency notifications are triggered by a far broader range of potential threats – any significant emergency or dangerous situation involving an immediate threat to the health or safety of students or employees on the campus, but not the other Clery public property or non-campus areas. This could overlap and include a Clery crime such as a shooting, but it also covers crimes not reportable under
Clery as well as non-criminal incidents, such as an outbreak of a communicable illness, an impending weather emergency or a gas leak. Notifications are to be issued without delay upon confirmation of the emergency by responsible authorities pre-identified by the institution in their annual Clery Act reports.
TIMELY WARNINGS MUST REACH THE ENTIRE CAMPUS Because the nature of criminal threats often is not limited to a single location, timely warnings must be issued in a manner likely to reach the entire campus community. So a series of burglaries occurring in one residence hall, for example, must be shared with the entire campus in case the burglar decides to strike another location on campus next time. Emergencies, however, may be far more localized, therefore notifications may also be tailored exclusively to the segment of the campus at risk. A chemical leak in a science lab may only threaten those on the floor of that particular www.campussafetymagazine.com
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M A S S N OT I F I C AT I O N
UCF Protects Campus With Integrated and Redundant Mass Notification System
Photos courtesy of University of Central Florida.
I
n order to provide a safe and secure campus community, the University of Central Florida (UCF), located in Orlando, wanted to equip itself with the latest in emergency communication systems. This was no small feat for the largest university in Florida and second largest in the nation. The institution has more than 56,000 students plus nearly 10,500 employees across 11 regional campuses. Prior to the Virginia Tech shooting, UCF had a security task force in place. One of the key issues that they discussed was the need for a mass notification system, taking a proactive approach to make the campus safe. Then the tragedy at Virginia Tech happened and like other campuses, the MNS project became a university priority. As a former security forces and anti-terrorism force protection officer in the U.S. Air Force, UCF’s Director of Emergency Management Jeff Morgan applied his security experience to help develop an MNS for the university. “I like to refer to what we needed as layers in an onion,” says Morgan. “We wanted a mass notification solution that had several layers; layers for redundancy. It is important to design a system that is both integrated and redundant for several reasons. “First, integration enables faster notification through all of the MNS solutions, from outdoor warning systems to mass E-mails and from digital dis-
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play signs to in-building notification systems. We were looking for a onebutton, simple solution. Secondly, it’s just more efficient. We know that our dispatchers can be overwhelmed in an emergency, and we wanted something easy for them to use, clicking the mouse a couple of times versus signing in four or five different systems. Thirdly, the redundancy aspect allows us to reach out to faculty, staff, students and guests in more than one way.” Relying on just one technology could result in a large part of the population not receiving the message.
UCF TAKES A STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH University officials first looked at their current infrastructure and identified communication systems that were already in place. They discovered that UCF’s phone systems were not designed for reliability in contacting the masses and E-mail was the only system being used at the time. However, they did find that they could use existing voice capable fire alarm control panels
(FACP) to save on equipment and installation costs for indoor notification. “One positive was that we didn’t have a bunch of disparate communication systems that needed to be integrated,” says Morgan. “We could basically start from scratch.” Searching for vendors was the next step. Liability was an important factor in the search. UCF started looking for vendors with approved MNS products from the Department of Homeland Security’s Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act (SAFETY Act), which would provide legal liability protection for the institution in the event of a terrorism act. Cooper Notification was the only vendor that had this certification for an MNS product, which included WAVES in-building and wide-area MNS solutions. Morgan says that since the university borders two counties – Orange and Seminole – he reached out to them to see what type of public warning systems they had in place. Both counties utilize Cooper Notification’s Roam Secure Alert Network (RSAN) emergency text and voice alerting system. “Using RSAN seemed like a natural fit so that we could tie our system to the county systems,” adds Morgan. “Located near UCF is Valencia College, which also utilizes RSAN, it was the best solution for all to have one integrated and interoperable emergency communications system. The fact that RSAN could be integrated with the WAVES was also a critical factor in our selection process.” Through Cooper Notification’s Roam Secure Information Exchange (RSIX), UCF and Valencia RSAN systems can share in real-time daily information and emergency messages between campuses as well as with the Orange County system, OC Alert and Seminole County system, Alert Seminole. RSIX
How UCF Paid for the Upgrade With UCF’s proactive approach, the university covered the majority of the MNS investment through university funding. However, for the five d, additional indoor notification systems that are currently being installed, dUCF is utilizing a grant from the Florida Department of Education. In addition, the UCF construction standards were revised so that any new facility will have an indoor MNS installed and will be covered under the new construction funds.
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M A S S N OT I F I C AT I O N can help mobilize additional resources when needed and improve situational awareness. It also connects campus and county officials to local information sources (traffic, news, National Weather Service and monitoring systems) to automate alerting.
UNIVERSITY ADOPTS OPT-OUT REGISTRATION At the same time, the university began further developing its current emergency operations guide into a comprehensive emergency management plan, which includes communication directives and a list of who has authority to send messages. UCF officials also had to determine how they were going to get students, staff and faculty to sign up for UCF Alert (emergency.ucf.edu/ucfalert), the emergency notification system powered by RSAN. Morgan says that when they conducted research on either choosing an opt-in or opt-out option, they found that with opt-in, only 20-30 percent of students would sign up for E-mail and text message notifications. This required students, faculty and staff to log onto the Web site themselves and fill out their contact information. “We chose an opt-out option, in which we signed up 100 percent of the UCF community,” he says. “Every student, faculty and staff member is initially signed into the system. They can then choose to opt-out at their discretion.” As of July 2010, the university has 69,411 enrolled on UCF Alert, which
includes faculty, staff, students, county personnel and local first responders.
IT’S ALL ABOUT INTEGRATION While UCF was implementing UCF Alert, it began installing WAVES high power speaker arrays on the main campus for exterior voice alerting. This intrusive system sends out emergency messages in real time and has the capability of alerting the entire campus or individual areas, depending on the scope of the emergency. The reasons the UCF officials chose WAVES HPSAs are because it’s a giant voice system that not only gets attention with tones, but also provides clear, intelligible voice announcements with specific instructions in the event of an emergency. There are currently four HPSAs providing emergency notification to the 1,450-acre plus academic campus. Two more will be added by the end of the year, plus a mobile speaker array that will be used for special events and football games. HPSAs function as an integral component of the WAVES system controlled by its integrated base station (IBS), which issues commands and provides data messages to the WAVES transceivers, relaying the messages to the HPSAs. Next, the plan was to integrate 30 buildings that have the voice-capable FACPs with WAVES so that the indoor and outdoor notification systems could be activated through one system. By installing digital wireless transceivers within the buildings to connect to the FACPs, this allowed the university to
System Warns of Life-Threatening Situations “Our rule for sending out messages is that we don’t send out a notification unless it’s life threatening or has a large impact on our campus community,” the University of Central Florida (UCF) Dirctor of Emergency Management Jeff Morgan says. Since UCF has had its integrated MNS in place, the university has issued alerts for tornado and severe weather warnings. According to Morgan, the system was also used during a bomb threat in one of the parking garages on campus. UCF sent text messages to the entire campus community to inform them to stay away from the garage until it was deemed safe by emergency personnel. WAVES indoor MNS was used to send isolated alerts to those staff and students located in the buildings, surrounding the garage to stay indoors until they received further notice. Once the situation was safe, the indoor MNS also issued notification to let those in the buildings know it was safe, and they could return to normal operations. By integrating RSAN, WAVES and other systems into one user-friendly solution, UCF campus officials can now communicate to everyone via a single, secure, interface. “Cooper Notification’s interoperable system allows users to focus on the emergency at hand, not getting bogged down with utilizing multiple systems,” Morgan says. “With the click of mouse, our mass notification solution allows dispatchers to deliver live or recorded event-specific messages within seconds to sirens, indoor and outdoor speakers as well as cell phones and E-mail.”
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use existing infrastructure and save on installation costs. With five buildings in the works and three new buildings under construction, there will be a total of 38 integrated buildings by the end of the year. Currently, one outdoor digital display sign has been integrated with the MNS, and the university is looking to integrate its interior signs as well as 300 desktop radios, and the campus’ television and radio stations.
INVOLVE WIDE VARIETY OF CAMPUS DEPARTMENTS “It’s important to bring various departments together, including IT, police, building code, fire marshall, fire code, facilities improvement and maintenance, and involve them in the design of your system,” says Morgan. “For example, IT was critical to the type of system that we were selecting given the fact that they control all of the wireless frequencies on campus. During football games, we have a lot of television and radio broadcasters on campus. We required a secure, wireless system, like WAVES, that will not interfere with other wireless systems no matter how large our special events are.” Morgan adds that they also needed buy-in from the university police department in order to host and manage the integrated base station (IBS) as well as participate in exercises and drills. The code department needed to know what was going into and onto buildings to help get proper plans and documentation signed off to allow the project to stay on schedule as well as ensure it met all code and university standards.
COOPER NOTIFICATION: DELIVERING CRITICAL ALERTS WHEN IT MATTERS MOST Cooper Notification, the industry’s most comprehensive, multi-layered mass notification system provider, delivers critical, campus-wide emergency communications for universities across the United States. With approximately 500 MNS installations around the globe, other installations include U.S. military sites; major metropolitan areas such as Washington, D.C., Philadelphia and Orlando; state and federal agencies; airports; and hospitals. These systems play an important role in emergency alerting and information sharing among government leadership, first responders, critical infrastructure providers, businesses and citizens.
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M A S S N OT I F I C AT I O N
Improve Situational Awareness With IP-based Mass Notification Solutions
F
rom catastrophic natural disasters to the threats college students face, knowledge is critical in effectively responding to today’s diverse and complex emergency situations. The more knowledge one has about a situation, the better he or she can manage the crisis. Situational awareness is the state of knowledge of the event, what is happening around that event and the anticipated risks. Decisions made from this knowledge define the present and future state of the emergency. Greatly improving situational awareness enables security executives to make more informed decisions when time is of the essence. Through advanced IP-based technology, organizations can integrate disparate security systems such as video monitoring and sensor detection with emergency communications systems for complete, accurate and up-to-the minute situational awareness. In order to fully understand how IP-based infrastructure plays an important role in emergency preparedness and life safety, let’s take a look at the mass notification market to understand the latest codes and requirements, where the technology is today and where it’s headed in the future. The heightened demand for effective, integrated mass notification systems (MNS) to protect, alert and inform people in an emergency has not only influenced the government and other regulatory agencies to create codes and requirements, but also triggered an IP network convergence evolution. The 2010 edition of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 72 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code includes a new chapter on MNS. According to the NFPA, an effective emergency response plan (ERP) requires a detailed risk analysis. The role of mass notification – how the campus disseminates information and specific take-action instructions needed for different types of emergencies – is an important element of risk mitigation. Robust and flexible, IP-based MNS solutions can be designed to adapt to an organization’s risk analysis and ERP as
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well as integrate with other systems, which is recommended by the NFPA to improve emergency response time. It goes without saying that distributed recipient mass notification systems, which include text messages, voice calls, E-mails, pagers and desktop notification, currently leverage the power and reach of existing computer networks and the Internet to deliver emergency messages to a wide-range of audiences at a moment’s notice. Now the trend is for traditional MNS, such as an outdoor giant voice system or an indoor voice evacuation system, to take advantage of IP-based infrastructure for truly integrated and interoperable emergency communications. With limited security staff and multiple, independent communication and security systems to activate and monitor, security executives need an integrated IPbased solution with a simplified, single interface. It will allow security staff to focus on the emergency at hand without being slowed down, trying to launch multiple systems. Through an IP-based solution, multiple sites and facilities located anywhere in the world can be tied together for global notification and monitoring. Through a secure, realtime information sharing framework, a facility can communicate with other facilities as well as fire, police and health departments for a better understanding of the emergency situation. External
data sources like the National Weather Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) can also be integrated with MNS so alerts can be automatically sent when a threat is detected. This allows facilities to get the essential information out quickly and then follow up with additional information as needed. In addition to interoperability, enterprise system solutions will allow you to leverage your existing infrastructure instead of adding costs with new equipment. Whether it’s a wired or wireless IP solution, the delivery method to all indoor, outdoor and personal notification devices can be agnostic across a wide range of networks. In some areas, you may need wireless communication, and in others you may need a fiber solution, depending on the environment and circumstance. The transportation mechanism for communicating emergency information can be independent of the device. Safety and security executives will begin to see effective IP-based MNS solutions that are dependent on risk analysis and emergency response plans as well as a heightened convergence of the elements in the ERP: interoperable protection, sensor and alerting systems. By integrating these technologies, an organization will greatly improve its situational awareness, system management and emergency response time.
What an Integrated Response Should Look Like Here’s an example of how an integrated, IP-based solution would help a campus and other stakeholders respond to a HAZMAT accident that occurs in a lab: The incident would trigger a chemical sensor into alarm status, which then activates a camera to stream live video of the area and the mass notification system to notify personnel based on the facility’s emergency response plan. The MNS automatically distributes alerts to the emergency management center via local speakers in the office as well as text messages and voice calls to key staff that may be located elsewhere. It also alerts the safety manager and first responders on duty, stating that a chemical agent has been detected in the lab. By viewing the video and the sensor status, the emergency manager confirms the threat. With a couple of clicks, he or she sends notification to all first responders in the facility as well as to the city’s HAZMAT team to assist with the accident, the facility’s security staff to help with evacuations, and alerts to employees and students in the lab and surrounding areas via indoor speakers, LED display signs, and desktop alerts with different instructions for the different areas affected based on the ERP. Response to this situation takes place within minutes, saving lives and reducing chaos.
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Mass Notification Solutions Protect. Alert. Inform. When communication is critical, an integrated mass notification system is essential. That’s why Cooper Notification provides multiple means to inform your people. Utilize our Roam Secure Alert Network™ (RSAN) emergency text and voice alerting, WAVES® outdoor High Power Speaker Arrays, SAFEPATH® indoor voice evacuation systems and Wheelock® appliances to alert your cities, counties, colleges, commercial or industrial facilities today.
For additional information visit www.coopernotification.com
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feature
clery compliance
Issue Warnings, Notifications Quickly One way that emergency notifications and timely warnings are the same is that neither the Clery regulations nor the U.S. Department of Education spell out exactly how long institutions have to issue them. In both cases, the issuance is heavily dependent on what the institution’s officials know and when they know it. The emphasis is on doing things as quickly as possible in all cases.
building where the lab is located, so the notification may be shared with only that segment of the campus population. If the risk expands, such as if the chemicals escape into other parts of the building or outside the building, then the notification should also expand to include the new areas being threatened. Some of the channels used for issuing both warnings and notifications will likely be shared – such as text messaging, E-mail and reverse-911-type phone systems – while other channels are more likely to be used by one or the other. Flyers, when used in conjunction with other channels, are still considered effective for timely warnings but would likely be insufficient for an emergency notification. A fire alarm would make an effective notification in case of a fire or environmental threat requiring evacuation but might not be as effective for conventional criminal activity. Each institution should select and
cases if the circumstances change – the crime is reported to a covered campus official outside the context of a privileged communication or the response to the emergency would no longer be compromised by a notification – then the exemptions no longer apply. There are some circumstances – such as an active shooter situation with victims on campus – that would fall under both the emergency notification and timely warning requirements. In these cases, if an institution follows its established emergency notification procedures and issues a notification, campus officials need not also issue a timely warning for the same circumstances. They must, however, provide adequate follow-up information to the community. The reason for this additional step is that while the content of a timely warning isn’t prescribed by Clery guidelines, it is generally expected that it will contain
As technology continues to evolve and afford institutions newer, faster channels to disseminate information, the expectations of campus communities as well as Education Department officials are likely to continue to evolve along with it. disclose in its annual Clery Act report the channels that will be used for each type of disclosure. The full range of options for each should be clearly disclosed.
THERE ARE SOME EXCEPTIONS TO THE REQUIREMENTS Each requirement has an exception that excuses institutions from issuing timely warnings or emergency notifications, but they work very differently. Crimes that would otherwise be reportable but are reported to a licensed mental health counselor or pastoral counselor – in the context of a privileged (confidential) communication – aren’t subject to the timely warning requirement. Emergencies where issuing a notification would compromise efforts to assist a victim, contain the emergency, respond to the emergency or mitigate the emergency aren’t subject to the emergency notification requirement. These are the only exceptions. In both 24
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more guidance than may be possible in an immediate emergency situation. This, for example, may include information about how to avoid future victimization or contact points for reporting information or seeking assistance. There either may not be time to craft something specific for an emergency notification that goes into this additional level of detail, or it may not be easily transmitted through some of the channels used – such as text messages or a public address system, which may be immediate but limit content. There could also be a sequence of events that do warrant both an emergency notification and a timely warning. A gun wielding individual on campus, for example, may warrant an emergency notification before anyone is actually shot. If that same individual subsequently shoots and wounds someone, then that Clery crime – either aggravated assault if the victim isn’t killed or homicide if the victim is killed
– would warrant a timely warning if the suspect remains at-large.
TIMING OF EMERGENCY ALERTS CAN VARY Emergency notifications are triggered as soon as there is confirmation of a dangerous situation or emergency. In the case of an active shooter, this may be as soon as campus police identify that there are shooting victims with an unknown suspect at-large. This may occur in minutes. In the case of an outbreak of a communicable disease, this may not happen until medical test results come back after a day. Timely warnings are triggered as soon as the pertinent information is available. In the case of an armed robbery, this may occur as soon as a report is made to campus police within minutes following the incident. In the case of a series of burglaries of residence hall rooms, this may not occur until they are all reported and a pattern is recognized, which may be two to three days after the incidents have occurred.
CAMPUSES MUST BE ADAPTABLE TO CHANGING TECHNOLOGY As technology continues to evolve and afford institutions newer, faster channels to disseminate information, the expectations of campus communities as well as Education Department officials are likely to continue to evolve along with it. In the early 1990’s – before the widespread adoption of E-mail and well before cell phone text messaging – flyers were widely accepted for issuing timely warnings. While flyers are still used, communities now expect E-mails and text messaging at a minimum. The next technology will push the disclosures even further. Ultimately both the emergency notification and timely warning provisions are about making sure campus community members have truly prompt information about a full range of threats to their safety so they can make informed decisions about protecting themselves. The key to success is establishing consistent, up-todate policies and practices that are well understood by campus officials charged with implementing them as well as by the campus community at-large. S. DANIEL CARTER is director of public policy for Security On Campus Inc. (SOC). For more information on SOC, please visit www.SecurityOnCampus.org. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
CampusSafetyMagazine.com www.campussafetymagazine.com
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feature
system design tips
SOUND ADVICE:
HOW TO
DESIGN CAMPUS LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS
Photos courtesy IML Corp.
Best practices include appropriate acoustic sound surveys, equipment specification and prerecorded messages. By Stefan Pollack
A
properly designed and specified loudspeaker sound system is essential for any integrated campus emergency mass notification system. Not everyone may have access to a telephone or an Internet-based communications device on the campus network or radio when the warning is given. Ultimately, everyone in the affected area must be able to get the same information – and instructions – loud and clear if campus public safety professionals hope to achieve the best possible outcome. Unfortunately, myriad misconceptions abound about designing and specifying an emergency sound system. Further, many people are unfamiliar with ways to integrate available technologies to ensure the right message gets delivered at the right time. Here are five factors to con26
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sider when designing, specifying and installing an outdoor loudspeaker system.
1
CONDUCT AN ONSITE ACOUSTIC SOUND SURVEY
College and hospital campuses can be huge and subject to a variety of conditions that can affect how sound travels. In much the same way trees and buildings block light, they block sound. In addition, ambient sound from things like street traffic can create conditions that must be addressed. Wind conditions, as another example, can affect how much actual sound will reach its targeted ears. A sound survey will help you determine the best locations for fixed speakersystem arrays and the sound levels you’ll need to reach at each location. You should start by measuring sound levels – typically expressed as decibels (dB) – at the places where you want
the sound to be heard. The sound levels should reflect the loudest-possible ambient conditions. For example, if the location on your campus is in an area subject to street traffic, make sure you record ambient sound levels when traffic noise is high. You should log the Equivalent Average Level (Leq) background sound levels and chart the noises heard during the survey. Each test session at each location should last at least five minutes using a tripod-mounted sound analyzer system set at 5’4” in height and conducted to American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) standards. As a rule of thumb, you’ll want your loudspeaker to reach the targeted area 6dB to 10dB above the ambient level. Six dB is the minimum differential; 10 is double the ambient noise level. It will target the loudness or sound volume needed to get the attention of people in the area www.campussafetymagazine.com
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feature
system design tips
9 TECHNICAL FACTORS TO CONSIDER 01 Speaker arrays for fixed systems should have a full 360o range to ensure coverage in all directions 02 Each fixed-system speaker array should have a minimum effective range of up to 800m in diameter 03 Speaker frequency response should range from 400 Hertz (Hz) to 7000Hz, for clarity for the human ear. Power and intelligibility go hand-in-hand in emergency mass notification. 04 Harmonic distortion should be less than 1 percent at full RMS power 05 Wireless UHF transmission systems have severe limitations. Because of legal restrictions regarding the very narrow frequency band spread allocated for UHF transmitters for emergency notification systems, high quality voice transmission cannot be technically possible. The baud (transmission) rate is too low, and the audio band width of the channel is limited to a total of about 2000Hz audio frequency response at best. Systems that depend on licensed UHF transmission can work well as digital controllers for setting off sirens, or reporting of unit status, etc. Because of the narrow frequency limitations of the transmitters, the loudspeaker drivers included with those systems are also not designed for the wider fidelity required for quality intelligible voice audio. 06 Have adequate battery backup for four hours of continuous operation 07 The system should be able to handle multiple broadcast nodes spread throughout the area to be covered. Each node can have up to four speaker arrays. 08 Outdoor speakers should be ruggedized and capable of operating in a broad temperature range from -30° F (-34°C) to +140° F (60°C) 09 Systems that meet military specifications will be able to withstand most on-campus conditions Your mass notification system should have the ability to be operated from a wireless handheld device.
and overcome the din created by excited reactions to the warnings and instructions you are broadcasting. Correlating your target sound levels with the physical characteristics of the campus will help you determine the placement of speaker arrays. Those locations could be on towers, poles or rooftops or a combination of the three. Locations also can be based on the characteristics of the loudspeakers selected. Manufacturers design speakers to meet specific needs – or in some cases, they give you the flexibility to focus sound in a more narrowly defined area or a wider area. While power output can be equal, the level of sound reaching the target can vary. Your survey will help you account for all of this.
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SPECIFY THE RIGHT EQUIPMENT
Not all loudspeakers are created equal, and not all sound pressures are equally loud. This is because the human ear does not respond equally to all frequencies. Humans are much more sensitive to sounds in the frequency range about 500Hz to 4kHz (500 to 4,000 vibrations per second) than to very low or high frequency sounds. Loudspeakers designed specifically for voice communication will be in a frequency range that accounts for the human ear and getting the right dB levels for each targeted location. Harmonics are also a critical factor. Without going into all the technicalities of sound, good harmonics will produce full timbre for better clarity. Harmonics also should be relatively flat with a deviation of only 3dB from the base level. A loss of 20dB can result in a 75-percent reduction of the sound level. This is not the time to “cheap out” with a system designed for sirens. Several manufacturers offer systems designed specifically for outdoor mass notification, and all meet minimum standards for range, clarity and integration with other massnotification platforms, such as indoor speakers, E-mail and telephone dialers.
3
INTEGRATE WITH OTHER MASS NOTIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES
There is no single solution when it comes to notifying people in an emergency. Getting the same information to everyone affected at the same time is necessary to help you save lives. When it comes to notifying people, you have many targets to consider, and all are important. Let’s look at a shooting/ hostage event as an example of how all the moving parts must mesh: 28
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• People on campus could be in immediate danger, depending on their location. While a cell-phone or other mobile messaging system may reach them, it still takes precious seconds to find a device and either hear or read a message. Time can be lost as “connected” people need to interpret and pass along instructions and warnings to “non-connected” people. Everyone will benefit from hearing and understanding the same message at the same time. Up to one-third of the people on a campus at any given time may not be part of the university; that number could be higher during a major event, such as a football game. • People in campus buildings can get the same message at the same time through an integrated system of indoor speakers, graphic displays, electronic signage and messages delivered via the Internet and mobile devices. They will know to stay where they are or where to find a safer location. • People not yet on campus will hear the loudspeaker announcement if they are in hearing range, and that will help them make better use of voice and text messages delivered to their mobile devices. • Emergency responders from various agencies converging at the scene will be able to serve more effectively by knowing what instructions are being given to the public and other responders. Police, fire and other first responders can get that information from their own radios, with loudspeakers becoming an effective back-up if radios fail. This is why voice must be clear and intelligible. The minimum standard is that 50 percent of words be understood – a 0.5 level – but that’s inadequate. Being 70 percent understandable – a 0.7 level – is much better.
4
USE PRERECORDED MESSAGES IN MULTIPLE LANGUAGES
You could give yourself an “incomplete” if your emergency mass notification system doesn’t have a component that can play pre-recorded warnings and messages in several languages. These features help to save time and avoid confusion. Some systems available on the market today provide a large library of warning tones and prerecorded voice messages that cover all types of emergencies. It should be a matter of policy and procedure to determine the warning tones, messages and languages you will need, and you can use a system of folders, all accessible within your message-delivery www.campussafetymagazine.com
7/27/11 2:59:21 PM
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EMP
feature
system design tips
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A campus loudspeaker system should be able to integrate with other campus mass notification soltuions, including SMS text, E-mail and digital signage
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devices’ software, to group messages and to sequence when to play them back. Here are three important requirements for the message-delivery system you select: • The system should be able to work with a computer at the command center and from a wireless handheld device so that you can change messages to provide more up-to-date information. • The system should allow you to switch from pre-recorded messages to live messages as your emergency-response needs change, and you should be able to make those live announcements from the command center or from the field. • The system should have easy-to-use capabilities to combine messages from its library and record, and play new messages as conditions require.
5
HAVE THE ABILITY TO ACCESS YOUR SYSTEM FROM AN OFF-SITE LOCATION.
The time and conditions of a campus emergency may require the activation of the emergency mass notification system from a cell phone, landline or off-site computer. Further, you may need to change messages for your loudspeakers and other notification platforms as events unfold. Make sure that the system you specify has this capability, and that your policies and procedures definitively state who has access to the system and how it is to be used. One final point to keep in mind is that integrating all the components of a comprehensive emergency mass notification system is highly feasible. Specifying and installing a system does require attention to many details, and it does require clear policies and procedures to activate the system and use it effectively to protect lives and property. But it can – and should – be done. STEFAN POLLACK is president and CEO of IMLCORP located in Marietta, Ga. For more information, visit www.imlcorp.com. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
CampusSafetyMagazine.com www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/18168 30
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www.campussafetymagazine.com
7/27/11 2:59:22 PM
What does it take... to be one of America’s Safe Campuses? Watch the video: e2Campus.com/SafeCampuses
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feature
technology & policy tips
Photos courtesy Berklee College of Music
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE BEST PRACTICES:
WHAT WORKS Our experts explain how camera selection and placement, appropriate integration and the right policies allow your campus to make the most of your video surveillance technology. By Robin Hattersley Gray
U
niversity labs, research facilities, power stations, water treatment facilities, parking garages, dorm entrances, large public areas, arenas, entrances to locker rooms, stairwells and elevators are just some of the locations on campus where video surveillance cameras are being installed. Despite the fact that they already seem to be everywhere, the growth in the number of cameras shows no signs of slowing down. The Berklee College of Music, for example, has experienced a 25-30 percent increase in the number of cameras per year it has deployed on campus. Additionally, it is quickly transitioning its older analog cameras to IP, and officials anticipate that the entire video surveillance system will be completely IP by the end of the year. Quite a remarkable 32
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feat considering that less than two years ago, the campus had no IP cameras installed whatsoever. So what are some of the best practices Berklee and other educational institutions are incorporating so they improve security and get the greatest return on their technology investment? Campus Safety magazine spoke with several video surveillance experts to find out.
PROPER CAMERAS CAN ADDRESS LIGHTING, COVERAGE ISSUES Megapixel, panoramic or hemispheric, pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) and analog high resolution cameras are all popular choices on college and K-12 campuses. Rob Hile, director of integrated security solutions for Siemens Industries, for example, prefers hemispheric cameras in hallways for schools and universities that are on a budget but want greater cover-
age. “Instead of putting two or three cameras up to cover an intersection, you can put up one hemispheric camera and get a wide angle view of the entrance and corridors,” he says. Backlight and low light issues, as well as glare from shiny surfaces and outside lights pose challenges for almost any video surveillance installation. Fortunately, these issues can usually be addressed with analog and some IP cameras, which filter the unwanted glare. “When we take a look at the types of cameras that you might find in a 24-7 [hospital] environment, we see a lot of ultra wide dynamic range cameras, especially if you need to have good images at night where you might have a lot of parking decks,” Lenel Director of Product Management Peter Boriskin says. “You might have glare from traffic and headlights being shined into the camera lens. www.campussafetymagazine.com
7/27/11 3:53:19 PM
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feature
technology & policy tips
Some of the infrared [cameras] help mitigate some of those challenges.” Siemens Account Executive Rich Reidy adds that “most colleges want to leave their lights as is. We are trying to fill that void with a specific type of camera that works well in low light or positioning the cameras in a certain way so there isn’t a problem with ambient light coming from the outside.” According to UTC Interlogix’ Commercial Leader for Video and Transmission Kostas Mellos, much like lighting challenges, the placement of the cameras (which are often all-in-one mini domes) can also help to address vandalism. “You’d be surprised what kids can come up with sometimes,” he says. “But in general, you will see the cameras are installed a lot higher, which means you’ll have challenges with capturing the best views.” Rugged enclosures are another important piece of equipment that protect the cameras from vandalism, as well as harsh weather elements.
INTEGRATION WITH ACCESS CONTROL IS BECOMING A REALITY Of course, many campuses have legacy systems that must be integrated into the new solutions. Additionally, those video systems need to tie into other systems, such as access control. “Some colleges have a huge embedded base of access control, so integration with video and access control is paramount,” Reidy claims. “If you have the integration, you can use the access control system to create triggers. Instead of buying analyt-
The Berklee College of Music has experienced a 25-30 percent increase in the number of cameras per year it has deployed on campus.
he adds. “Now we’re taking it to another level.”
SECURITY MUST WORK CLOSELY WITH I.T. AND HAVE A PLAN With all of this integration and the addition of high-resolution cameras, bandwidth issues can be a challenge, particularly for retrofit environments. “You are sending more and more video over the same network, and if you don’t put a lot of thought into how the network is designed, you could get into a situation, especially with megapixel and high definition cameras,” Hile says. “You are using up more and more bandwidth.” Berklee College of Music’s Systems Manager Nicholas Costa worked closely with his campus’ I.T. department when upgrading his school’s video surveillance system. “We’ve developed a very close rela-
Some colleges have a huge embedded base of access control, so integration with video and access control is paramount. —SIEMENS ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE RICH REIDY ics, colleges are saying, ‘We’ve got this embedded base out there. Let’s see how we can tie it in and supplement it by dropping in some cameras in certain locations to help our police force respond.’” There have been concerns over the years that the databases managing access control weren’t robust enough to handle its true integration with video surveillance. However, Reidy says universities have addressed this problem by working on their database issues. “There was a major push from 1994 to now to get everything on one card,” 34
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tionship with the network group, and they’ve accommodated us,” he claims. Some of the network upgrades included things like power of the Ethernet (POE) switches. Another approach is to segregate cameras into separate systems. “For example, if you know that a particular part of the campus will use a certain amount of megapixel cameras, then you can build those cameras in one location with the transmission and NVRs or DVRs into a closet so you don’t necessarily bleed all of that bandwidth over the
backbone,” Mellos says. Institutions can also deploy physical or virtual backbones specific to security. Video surveillance compression methods are another approach to handling bandwidth issues, although Mellos warns that it isn’t a panacea.
COST SAVINGS, PRIVACY POLICIES SOOTHE FEARS OF DOUBTERS Probably the biggest challenge for campus security stakeholders, however, isn’t technical. It’s political. Turf battles and fears about upsetting the status quo abound. One security director for an Ivy League institution (who asked to remain unnamed), however, says the benefits of the upgraded video system have helped to soothe the concerns of many individuals on his campus. One of those benefits includes less maintenance, since the new system doesn’t use DVRs. The only maintenance required involves the infrastructure and cameras, which reduces the solution’s overall cost. The fact that there is extra security between the servers and devices also helps. The system is very difficult to hack, which gives it credibility when there are privacy concerns voiced by various individuals on campus. Strict policies limiting who can view the recorded images also help to allay fears. “It’s not used to determine if an administrative assistant came in late or left early, or a student wasn’t in the study hall for the amount of time he needed to be there,” the director says. The Ivy League director also recommends that the decision to install or upgrade video surveillance be customer driven rather than dictated by the security department. “We don’t go in with a stick,” he says. “We go in with a carrot. We are here to help you. If you want our help, we will www.campussafetymagazine.com
7/27/11 3:53:21 PM
7 Factors Campuses Should Consider When Selecting an IP Video Solution By Paul Boucherie STAY OR LEAVE: How long is your institution going to stay in the facility? If it is short-term (three-five years), using existing coaxial infrastructure and HDcctv is an economic and smart business choice. If it is five years or longer, balance IP against HDcctv. Remember to determine how smart your video system needs to be.
1
certainly give you everything we can to support you. We’re not going to force anything down anyone’s throat.” He also says that costs should be shared between the department and security. That way, the department won’t have unrealistic expectations or ask for an unreasonably expensive solution. The successful recovery of stolen goods is probably the most effective way to persuade campus constituents of the
value of video surveillance. “The faculty and staff have been extremely receptive to it,” Costa says. “When I got here three years ago, a lot of staff were concerned we were going to become Big Brother. But once we started recovering those stolen items, they started seeing it as an asset.” For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
CampusSafetyMagazine.com
EXPANDING OR CONTRACTING: Is the campus expanding its business; will it be expanding at the existing site or looking for a new one? You don’t want to invest in an expensive network infrastructure if you are not planning to stay for a while.
2
LEASE OR OWN: If your campus leases its facility, what is the length of the lease and do you have plans of staying beyond the term of the lease? If you own the building, a longer term investment in network infrastructure may be the better investment over time; certainly from a maintenance and expansion perspective.
3
SIZE OF BUILDING: Basically, does the facility have a big or small footprint? The bigger the building, the more I start looking at network infrastructure (IP) if campus stakeholders plan on staying and growing at this facility. Compare the future addition of cameras 800 feet away on coax, or 150 feet away with Cat-5 to the nearest network switch.
4
LIGHTING: How good is it in the areas you want monitored by cameras? Adding lighting is not inexpensive and is more of a factor (generally) with IP video than with HDcctv products. With IP video, poor existing lighting impacts bandwidth usage due to noise, quality and storage requirements. The right IR solution can help; however, what is the impact on implementation and operational costs?
5
ONGOING COSTS: Consider what your ownership costs are and what it is going to cost to maintain a solution. Will the campus participate in the ongoing service of the system? With IP solutions, that is a real possibility. If you choose HDcctv because of existing coax wiring, you better have end-oflife DVRs because they will need to be replaced.
6
BUDGET: What is the budget range for the project, and what is the expected payback period? This final qualifier is in many ways the most important. Don’t try to solve a $500 problem with a $10,000 solution.
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feature
access control
HEALTHCARE FACILITY VISITOR MANAGEMENT BASICS
Today’s electronic solutions do an effective job of screening and tracking hospital guests and vendors. Each campus can determine the quantity and type of information they obtain on a visitor before the guest is allowed access. By John V. Murzycki
H
ealthcare organizations are today adapting to changing conditions and what it means to have an open facility. Like institutions in many different fields, healthcare facilities are increasingly using electronic visitor management systems to control and monitor guest access. Beyond the obvious need to curtail theft or violence from unwanted individuals (and the potential exposure to litigation because of it), there are many reasons for using visitor systems. One is that they are a more professional way to manage guests, and that reflects positively on the organization. Some of the most prestigious and largest healthcare campuses in the country are using visitor management software to screen, badge and track every visitor and vendor entering their buildings. Consequently, they are able to identify each 36
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and every guest from a driver’s license scan, capture that information securely while keeping it confidential from other visitors, and provide a unique badge that looks professional. A lobby attendant can capture the necessary information from a guest and provide a badge in less than 20 seconds per visitor.
PAPER GUEST LOGS HAVE LEGIBILITY, CONFIDENTIALITY ISSUES There’s no question that managing visitors in a healthcare facility can be challenging. Hospitals often have large numbers of visitors entering or leaving the main lobby, extended lobby hours, some patients that can receive visitors at any time of the day or night, and guests who are not familiar with the facility – all of which present obstacles. This may account for some facilities that still let visitors and vendors enter freely without any check in. Or worse,
sign a paper guest log. Even though a paper guest book may sound like a good idea to keep track of who is entering the building, it has many problems, such as: • More often than not, the names are not legible or are false. • Information regarding who has visited the facility is readily available for everyone to see, but this information should be confidential. • In an emergency such as an evacuation, it would be impossible to quickly determine who is still in the building. • It presents a poor image to everyone. They may perceive security at the facility as being lax. Almost every organization today, healthcare included, wants to monitor who is in their building and the reasons why. A visitor management system lets healthcare organizations decide the amount of information they want to capwww.campussafetymagazine.com
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ture about the visitor. Most organizations using a visitor management system will scan the driver’s license of the guest to capture the basic name and address, as well as the photo from the license. Basically any type of information that is captured can be included on a visitor’s badge, including his or her photo.
BADGING OPTIONS ALLOW FOR CUSTOMIZATION A visitor management system can be setup to print different styles of badges for various categories of guests so that it is easy to distinguish the different types of persons. More permanent badges can be provided to guests who are expected to be visiting patients frequently or over an extended period of time. A barcode can be included on these badges so that when the guest returns, the lobby attendant only needs to scan the visitor
• Access control integration: Contractors
or in some cases volunteer workers, or hospital staff who have forgotten their employee badge, can be provided with access to locked doors controlled by the facility’s access control system. This will allow them to enter areas without being escorted by an employee. Another significant feature of a visitor management system is its ability to include a maximum number of visitors alert. This feature allows healthcare facilities to limit the number of guests to a particular patient. For example, a patient in intensive care may be restricted to fewer guests than other patients. And all patients may have some restrictions on the maximum number of guests at any one time. The lobby attendant will automatically be alerted when the maximum number of visitors have checked in for a particular patient.
Screening unwanted individuals is a vital feature of a visitor management system. Watch lists can be created to alert lobby attendants or security officers of unwanted persons – malicious individuals, disgruntled ex-employees, dubious contractors or other people who are not wanted in the facility. badge and that guest is checked in, along with the visitor information from the first check-in. A scan of the badge will also automatically check out the visitor. In fact, all guest badges can include a barcode to expedite rapid check out with a simple scan. One of the more useful aspects of a visitor registration system for healthcare facilities is its ability to integrate with a number of hospital systems to enhance the guest sign in process. Some of the more significant integrations with hospital systems are: • HL7 for real-time patient feeds: This allows the lobby attendant to see realtime patient admissions and discharges directly on their visitor management screen. They can match the visitor with the patient without needing to look at another system or a paper printout for patient information. • Status Blue for approved vendors: The lobby attendant will be able to access this information from the visitor system to know whether an arriving vendor has been pre-approved by the facility. If not, there may be other steps or procedures that may be required.
WATCH LISTS HELP KEEP AWAY MALICIOUS PERSONS Screening unwanted individuals is a vital feature of a visitor management system. Watch lists can be created to alert lobby attendants or security officers of unwanted persons – malicious individuals, disgruntled ex-employees, dubious contractors or other people who are not wanted in the facility. External databases can also be accessed directly from the visitor system to screen against registered sex offenders. In combination with automatic alerts, anyone checking in on a watch list or an external database can be flagged within seconds of check in so that selected hospital staff can take appropriate action. Even though most healthcare facilities have attendants in the lobby, visitor management systems can also be set up in a kiosk mode for self-registration, much like a check-in at airports. Touch screens can be used, various languages can be selected, required fields can be established, the visitor’s license can be scanned and a badge can be printed, all in a single kiosk. Many hospitals use selfregistration stations to alleviate conges-
What Visitor Information Do You Need? It’s entirely up to the organization how much visitor information they feel is necessary. For instance, they may want to obtain information on: • The patient the guest is visiting • The length of time they are expected to remain in the facility • If the guest is a vendor, his or her company affiliation The lobby attendant may also want to include additional information on the badge such as: • The visitor’s destination, such as a floor, wing or building • The category of visitor to distinguish patient visitors from vendors, contractors or temporary hospital volunteers.
tion at lobby desks. Healthcare facilities vary widely in their needs and requirements for visitor management. Because of the flexibility in the way they can be used, the expandability to include more entry points, and a range of features of a professional visitor system, healthcare facilities of all sizes and needs are able to adapt visitor management to improve overall security and enhance the professionalism of their organization. JOHN V. MURZYCKI is the director of marketing for EasyLobby Inc. For more information, visit www.easylobby.com. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
CampusSafetyMagazine.com AUGUST 2011
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drug detection
HOW TO CONDUCT
CANINE ASSISTED NARCOTICS By Jeff Dorfsman and Chris Meisch
Communicating with students and parents as well as understanding the laws and court decisions that apply to these kinds of searches can curb drug use on your campus.
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All photos by Mark Bevins
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chool resource officers (SROs) and school administrators across the nation are all too familiar with the problems associated with narcotics on school grounds. Chemical abuse presents a host of challenges for schools ranging from disruptive behavior to drug related acts of violence. While it is not difficult to identify the troubling signs of a drug user, finding out who is supplying narcotics and where students are storing them is often less obvious. Social media and text messaging have also facilitated communication methods for those in the drug trade. Technology provides both users and sellers a forum to operate covertly. Random canine sweeps offer SROs and school administrators a proactive approach to successfully locate and remove drugs from campus. Such sweeps also offer the opportunity to gather narcotics related intelligence while serving as a deterrent for students who may otherwise attempt to bring drugs into school. A successful canine sweep happens when there is detailed planning and a collaborative approach between school administrators and law enforcement agencies. When done efficiently, canine assisted narcotic sweeps help ensure the safety of students and staff with minimal disruption to the learning environment. Principal of Armstrong High School in Plymouth, Minn., David Dahl supports this initiative and states, “Working with law enforcement to conduct canine sweeps is a proactive tool we use to help keep drugs out of our school, which in turn supports a positive school climate.”
School administrators do not need a search warrant to search a locker or a student as long as reasonable suspicion is present.
While schools at all levels share a common goal of maintaining a drug free environment, there is still reluctance to use canines in schools. Many schools do not conduct canine sweeps because of public perception or legal uncertainty. Fortunately, both of these issues can be easily overcome as you strive to build a safe school climate that is conducive to learning.
CANINE ASSISTED SEARCHES AREN’T BAD FOR SCHOOL PR Some individuals believe that only “tough” schools need a police presence. This perception holds true even today, despite the fact that law enforcement has been working in schools across the country for decades. Today, SROs play an integral role in schools as their duties have expanded to include education, information collection and sharing, emergency management and serving as a direct line of communication between law enforcement agencies and school administrators. Recent acts of violence on U.S. campuses have also generated support for police partnership. However, the support is not in response to a particular school being viewed as tough but rather a proac-
tive approach in the event of an unforeseen act of violence. The use of canine assisted narcotics sweeps does not indicate that a particular school has an abnormal amount of drugs on campus. Instead, it indicates the willingness of school officials to remain proactive in their efforts to ensure the safety and security of the school. Supporting this effort are the expectations held by parents and community members. It is imperative that parents know their sons and daughters are attending a safe and drug free school. “School districts have an obligation to use proactive methods to prevent narcotics on school grounds rather than only responding to a drug related problem when information presents itself,” says Dahl. Sergeant Robert Topp, a 12-year veteran with the Plymouth (Minn.) Police Department, and highly recognized canine handler, is an expert in conducting school sweeps with his canine partner Saber. He explains that, “From my experience, school officials are pleased to see the results of a canine sweep because it helps identify the extent of the drug problem on campus. Canine sweeps typically reveal a minimal presence of narcotics on www.campussafetymagazine.com
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SWEEPS OF K-12 SCHOOLS campus. And with repeated use of canine sweeps, the number of positive indications for narcotics often decreases.”
EXPLAIN THE PROGRAM’S IMPORTANCE TO PARENTS, STUDENTS It is important to point out that open communication with students and parents about the use of canine sweeps in school is highly encouraged. Open communication also fosters a positive perception toward the use of canines in schools. Consider preparing a written notification to parents at the beginning of the school year, which offers information regarding the use and purpose of canine sweeps in school. If students are required to buy a parking permit, it is important to stipulate in the parking contract that vehicles parked on school grounds may be subject to narcotics detecting canines. It should also be noted that a violation of the drug policy can result in both legal and school consequences. Taking the time to thoroughly explain the purpose and importance of canine sweeps is an imperative step in the planning process. Students, parents, community members and staff should have a clear understanding before the canines are ever on campus. This not only sets the tone for a drug free school, but it also reassures parents and students that drugs are not tolerated on school grounds.
enforcement certified narcotics canines to conduct random sweeps of school lockers and vehicles on schools grounds at the request of school administrators.
ROLES, AUTHORITY OF POLICE, SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS DIFFER It is important to understand the role of both school administrators and law enforcement officers in order to understand why narcotic sweeps are legal and why collaboration is essential. While both entities work hand-in-hand to meet the same goal, their authority is quite different. School officials have a quasi-parental relationship with students and have a duty to ensure their safety while in school. School officials have more freedom to question and search students and only need to establish reasonable suspicion to search a student’s personal belongings.
It was held that school officials can inspect or even have a duty to inspect school lockers themselves or request an inspection by law enforcement officials (Zamora v. Pomeroy 639 F. 2d 662 1981 Tenth Circuit). A positive indication of narcotics in a locker thus creates a reasonable suspicion for school administrators. School administrators do not need a search warrant to search a locker or a student so long as reasonable suspicion is present (New Jersey v. T.L.O. [469 U.S. 325 1983]). While case law has been established and supports the use of narcotics sweeps on school grounds, limitations to the scope of such sweeps have also been identified. Therefore, a person cannot be directly subjected to a sniff by a drug certified canine to determine the presence of narcotics. Vehicles and school lockers
SUPREME COURT DECISIONS SUPPORT CANINE DRUG SWEEPS Canine searches and sweeps are a long standing practice used by law enforcement agencies and school districts across the country. They are a tool that is utilized under the presumption that students have the right to attend a safe and drug free school. While canine sweeps in schools are not a new phenomenon, uncertainty surrounding the legality of canine sweeps can seem complex as school officials and law enforcement officers partner to reduce narcotics on campus. However, challenges against canine assisted narcotics sweeps in the U.S. Supreme Court and Circuit Courts have not prevailed, in turn, allowing the use of law
If students are required to buy a parking permit, it is important to stipulate in the parking contract that vehicles parked on school grounds may be subject to narcotics detecting canines. Here, Officer Matt Gliniany and his K9 partner Stryker sweep a vehicle for narcotics. AUGUST 2011
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drug detection
10 STEPS TO A SUCCESSFUL SWEEP Organizing a successful canine sweep requires careful planning, and the process should start weeks before the date you have chosen. While every canine sweep will be unique to the school in terms of the process, the following strategies have proven successful for Armstrong High School and the Plymouth (Minn.) Police Department:
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Start by developing a team of organizers, often referred to as a crisis team. Your crisis team should consist of school administrators, SROs, school social workers, guidance counselors and other educational professionals who would be appropriate for your school. Information sharing beyond the scope of the crisis team can be detrimental to the success of the narcotics sweep. School administrators and SROs must emphasize to the crisis team that all details must remain in confidence. Sharing information about the sweep to other staff members or students may jeopardize its effectiveness.
Select a date and time in which movement in the building is predictable. This will help to reduce educational interruption to instruction and testing. It will also ensure that groups of students are not interfering with the sweep.
Focus on which staff will participate in the sweep, what each person’s role will be and what their duties will look like. It is essential that school administration and law enforcement work hand-in-hand during this stage of the planning. School administrators who know staff best should be responsible for assigning duties to campus employees. The duties should be assigned in a way that will afford staff the best opportunity to contribute to the process.
Equally important is law enforcement’s ability to communicate exactly what they will need from the school to run a successful sweep. For example, it is important to keep students away from the area being searched and to set up a location to interview students. This type of collaboration will lead to an efficient search that is least intrusive to the building.
School resource officers should communicate with canine officers leading up to the day of the sweep and attempt to solicit assistance from neighboring jurisdictions if necessary. Most sweeps can be conducted in less than an hour with three to five canine handlers. On the day of the sweep it is important for canine handlers to stage offsite so students do not see a gathering of police officers near the school parking lot or coming into the school, in turn announcing a narcotics sweep will be underway.
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Fifteen minutes prior to the start of the sweep it is recommended that the school be placed in a modified lockdown, meaning all movement in the building is restricted. Teachers continue with instruction, however, students are not allowed to leave a classroom until further notice from school administrators. It is recommended that both students and staff practice lockdown procedures to become familiar with their expectations.
Once the canine handlers arrive, they are each assigned two crisis team members who will assist them during the sweep. This canine team will consist of one school administrator and a police officer. Each canine team is assigned a section of the building or parking lot to be searched.
As the handlers and canines begin their work, the halls should be empty of everyone but the canine teams. If a canine indicates positively on a locker, it should initiate the team into action. Once the canine handler has identified a positive “hit”, the school administrator will communicate via radio to the main office to determine who the locker belongs to and where the student is located. The canine will continue to work while the rest of the team starts the investigation. This process can be replicated when sweeping vehicles in the school parking lot as well.
The school administrator will document the time, the locker number and the student who is assigned to the locker. During this time, the other two members of the team begin their tasks. One team member assists the administrator in searching the locker. If any contraband is found, it is placed in an evidence container and numbered to match the administrator’s documentation.
During this time, assisting team members are simultaneously locating students. Students will be walked to an area that has been assigned as a processing room and turned over to school administrators and SROs for person and property searches. Recovered narcotics will be handed over to law enforcement, field tested and inventoried as evidence. Students are interviewed and often given a school and legal consequence.
alike should be sniffed at random rather than targeting any particular individual or vehicle. It is important for school administrators to work directly with trained law enforcement canine handlers as they will have a clear understanding of the reasonableness of canine searches in their jurisdiction.
KNOW THE LAW BEFORE DOING NARCOTICS SEARCHES Canine sweeps are a proactive and legally acceptable tool to use on school grounds. 40
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However, prior to performing a canine sweep, school administrators and school resource officers should research local jurisdictional laws, school district policies and communicate with local prosecutors for guidance. No school is immune to the presence of narcotics. Canine assisted narcotics sweeps are a proactive approach to assist in reducing narcotics on school grounds. They require open communication, a detailed preplan and collaboration between school officials and law enforcement.
Check out our online photo gallery on this topic at CampusSafetyMagazine. com/DrugDogs. JEFF DORFSMAN is an eight-year veteran with the Plymouth (Minn.) Police Department and can be contacted at jdorfsman@plymouthmn.gov. CHRIS MEISCH is an assistant principal at Armstrong High School in Robbinsdale School District and can be contacted at Chris_Meisch@rdale.org. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
CampusSafetyMagazine.com www.campussafetymagazine.com
7/27/11 4:00:35 PM
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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT MATTERS
Don’t Accept Mediocrity in Your Emergency Management Program Let’s quit playing games with the structure of campus emergency management and demand accountability.
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By David Burns David Burns has more than 30 years experience in public safety and is UCLA’s emergency manager. He is also a higher education consultant who is a subject matter expert in mass casualty incident management, emergency notification systems, comprehensive plan development, emergency organization, EOC design, operation, crisis communications, threat and vulnerability assessment, disaster recovery, grant administration and auditing. David can be reached at burns.gsmblog@gmail.com.
If th the purpose of a higher education institution is to seek excellence, why aren’t best practices being recognized and incorporated into emergency management organizations and structure?
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f we are going to discuss the proper role and placement of the emergency manager in Higher Education (HE), we need to enter a new paradigm. We need to disrupt the status quo; we need to be bold, fearless and innovative, and most important — we need to resist the temptation to accept mediocrity in any form. I’ve been reading a lot about change. People resist change; actually they fear it. I was reading Josh Linker’s Your New Job: Disruptor, and the primary point was, “Today, we live in a world where playing it safe is irresponsibly dangerous.” I agree. Many workplaces are re-examining the organizational structure of their emergency management (EM) programs due to retirements, promotions and changes due in part to a sustained economic crisis. In some instances, the restructuring occurs after a major failure of the emergency response system. A recent Center for Collaborative Policy study has emergency managers discussing organizational changes that empower and make our EM programs more accountable. The recommendations to make our EM offices independent in some instances are being rejected. Why? The fear of change and a deeply engrained culture that embraces, “We’ve done it this way for a long time, so why change it?”
DATA, BEST PRACTICES AREN’T DRIVING THE DECISIONS In determining placement of the EM program at universities, campuses are not consistently conducting studies, polls or research on emerging trends, best practices, reviewing after-action reports, or other quantifiable data about its structure and organization. In some instances, higher education is not interested in best practices, only what fits into existing cultures. If the purpose of a higher education institution is to seek excellence, why aren’t best practices being recognized and incorporated into EM organizations and structure? Key attributes and characteristics of the emergency management position are not being routinely examined. The decisions on the organizational structure of EM programs are in some instances being made solely on feeling — what feels right or good. This should never be the basis for establishing a public safety function. Many institutions opt for the status quo, finding comfort in placing emergency management into a complex, layered bureaucracy embedded into AUGUST 2011
departments with conflicting missions, roles, duties and priorities. Some campuses overlook and ignore adopted standards, best practices and good recommendations. The California Emergency Services Association (CESA) and other recent leadership actions taken by some of our major universities (Boston College, Penn State, George Washington University, Indiana University and many others) sought program excellence and established independent EM program organizations. There is an opportunity to raise the bar; instead some of our institutions are lowering it (by choice).
EMERGENCY MANAGERS MUST BE RESPECTED In past columns, I wrote about the need for our nation’s universities to address succession plans for key staff, emergency response staff credentialing, training, crisis management and following standards. These have always been important issues but became magnified as a result of the Virginia Tech incident. Our campuses need to know how to respond in a crisis. Emergency managers play a major role in crisis response and management. For the last several years, campuses have been reexamining how emergency management is performed, how these positions are organized, and are restructuring EM positions so they are efficient and accountable. Without the access and support of a chief executive, emergency managers will never get the professional respect they deserve. Emergency managers must have the ability to properly manage campus resources, provide efficient planning, promote good organization, and be granted the authority and accountability that allows them to perform in a wide variety of hazard situations. A basic question every higher education institution must ask is, “Why are we in the 21st century still struggling for the proper placement of an essential and critical function (emergency management) on our nation’s campuses?” The Center for Collaborative Policy article emphasized one major point: “The local emergency manager is a chief advisor to the jurisdiction’s chief executive with respect to organizing the jurisdiction’s resources and cooperators to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of major emergencies and disasters. Each jurisdiction will make their own decisions, but they need a clear idea of what the expectations are.” www.campussafetymagazine.com
7/28/11 10:34:00 AM
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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT MATTERS
4 Key Issues to Consider The Center for Collaborative Policy survey identified four key issues in emergency management organization: 1. The role of emergency managers and scope of their duties is not understood by key partners. How can this be reversed? 2. California and many other states do not have accepted norms or standards for the emergency management profession. Should this change and by what method? 3. The best organizational location for an emergency manager has been under debate. What are the key attributes and characteristics of the emergency management position that allow one to do their job effectively and why? 4. Management, strategy, policy and global coordination are a necessary role for emergency managers; at the same time, tactical, operational actions need to take place. How can emergency managers best carry out these seemingly juxtaposed roles? It is a rare occurrence when the emergency management office assumes an independent role or function. Based on decades of my own experiences, having worked for many different disciplines (fire, police and facilities management), the work of an emergency manager in higher education will almost always assume the culture and mission of the agency to which the EM program is assigned. These actions continue to significantly marginalize our profession. In addition, the lack of awareness of incident management principles and standards by our supervisors can erode program excellence.
REPORT TO THE V.P. OR VICE CHANCELLOR If your boss does not understand the principles of the Incident Command System (ICS), NFPA 1600, the National Incident Management System (NIMS), or comprehensive emergency management, exercise design, and crisis management, then how can he or she realistically be expected to oversee the emergency management program with any credibility? The answer is that person can’t. One basic question we should all be asking in assigning the duties for emergency management is oversight. Who does the campus police chief or fire official, environmental health and safety director, or other public safety-related officials in a university campus report to? Generally, this is a vice president or vice chancellor position. The emergency manager should also be reporting to this person, not a police 44
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chief or fire chief, or any other department director. As one of my colleagues told me, “By definition EM is an umbrella function. Pushing EM under anything only serves to limit a function that should not be limited.” I wholeheartedly agree.
EM JOB DESCRIPTIONS ARE ILL DEFINED Most emergency managers are experienced, subject-matter experts addressing mass warning, comprehensive preparedness plans, hazard mitigation strategies and disaster recovery (under the Stafford Act). They run comprehensive exercises and exercise design teams using the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP), and train staff to manage all of the positions in the campus emergency operations center (EOC). This all stems from the question: “What is it we actually do?” I have found that if you ask 10 different people, you will probably get 10 different answers. It isn’t rocket science. If you want to be a police officer or firefighter, you will need to pass a battery of pre-hiring tests, an oral board, and once you complete a background and psychological examination; you complete a long comprehensive training academy. Upon completion of the training academy, you are then assigned to a lengthy field training process under a field supervisory professional, and then complete a rigorous probationary period that takes approximately two years. Most of these programs are defined by state laws and rigid certification processes. The laws require cops and firefighters to work in
fire and police departments, so why are our emergency managers not working in emergency management departments? Disasters are not big emergencies. They fall well above the skill level of basic first responders. A university campus needs someone in place who truly understands every aspect of the incident command system, EOC and disaster operations, disaster recovery and other complex missions. These are far and beyond the basic skill sets of a police, fire and other campus department directors. These disciplines may understand and have expertise in field operations, but in emergency management there are many, many more critical functions other than first response.
EGO, RANK SHOULDN’T DETERMINE WHO LEADS EOCS EOC directors must know every single EOC position under their authority and every function (operations, planning/ intelligence, logistics, finance/admin — easily over 25 individual positions) and how to oversee an EOC action planning process. Yet many police, fire and campus department directors are taking lead roles as EOC directors, not the emergency manager. This means the person with the most training and credentials in the room isn’t running the show. It means someone with lesser experience and knowledge is in charge. Is that appropriate? In many instances, it seems to be. The people assigned to run the EOC may have absolutely no idea of the roles, responsibilities and priorities to which they are assigned. Often, it’s ego and rank that define who runs a campus EOC. That is not how EOC management is supposed to be run, or what we teach in the basic principles of the incident command system (where rank and title do not define command). And yet, that is exactly what is happening because the people making these appointments also have no real idea of the complex issues that need to be addressed. In many instances, only after major mistakes are made do people come to the realization that the emergency management office should be restructured or become a lead agency. It happened at Virginia Tech in 2007. It happened at Florida International University (FIU) following a homicide and major failure of the mass notification and warning process where the EM was based in the police department. In the aftermath of a candid afteraction report, an independent EM office was established at FIU. www.campussafetymagazine.com
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Until we create and U ddefine programs that are standards-based (NFPA 1600), reporting to the campus administration, we will never achieve the accountability that is needed to define our jobs and role we fulfill in organizing the campus’ resources and cooperators to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of major emergencies.
CAMPUSES MUST MAKE DIFFICULT CHOICES We need to quit playing games with the structure of campus EM programs and start demanding accountability. Emergency management is not a school science project. We need to define, certify and accredit emergency managers. Then once we truly define the program, we need to empower the campus emergency managers and let them direct and oversee their programs just like any other campus safety program director. Until we create and define programs that are standards-based (NFPA 1600), reporting to the campus administration, we will never achieve the accountability that is needed to define our jobs and role we fulfill in organizing the campus’ resources and cooperators to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of major emergencies. Campuses need to start showing some courage and stop making easy choices that undermine our profession and ultimately marginalize our emergency management programs and the entire response and recovery organization. University presidents and chancellors
and their underlings are allowing noncredentialed, and unqualified department directors to oversee critical functions that are the domain of professional emergency managers. The parents of students attending our universities, the alumni, administrators and the public in general should be outraged this nonsense is allowed to occur. They probably don’t even know this is happening.
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blasé attitude about how improperly the emergency management role is structured and organized in many of our nation’s universities. Higher education as an institution should know better, and yet, it is allowed to continue unabated. Emergency managers need to be appointed at the same level as any other public safety function and be recognized for the expertise and critical role they serve in supporting, coordinating, and managing disaster and crisis management at our nation’s campuses. Campus Safety Executive Editor Robin Hattersley Gray recently spoke about the shame of being ill-prepared for earthquakes. How about our campuses not being structured to deal with a major crisis? That is where the outrage should be directly. We’ve got people running our emergency management programs that have no business doing so. When dangers strike, who do you want running the show? The pros or the novices? Let’s do something about it.
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE
GAI-Tronics Red Alert Emergency Telelphones
Smarter Security Systems Fastlane GlassGate 150 Optical Turnstile
GAI-Tronics’ new Red Alert emergency telephones are designed for maximum environmental sustainability, high audio quality, and unparalleled monitoring capability, according to the company. In addition to providing hands-free, two-way communications, the product can report its location, provide call activity reports, activate two peripheral devices (locally or remotely), and let you know when it is experiencing problems. The product’s TMA software application installs on a customer-provided PC and will automatically monitor push buttons, microphone integrity, speaker integrity, line integrity and call connection.
Smarter Security Systems announces the availability of its Fastlane GlassGate 150 optical turnstile. This latest addition to the GlassGate family has advantages in size and price over current GlassGate models and is distinctively styled with an elegance befitting Fastlane. GlassGate 150 has a unique design among Fastlane speedgates. LED lane status indicator lights at the top and bottom of its pedestals create a clear visual awareness of the available directions of travel and of any alarm issues.
Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/18500
Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/18501
Aiphone GT Series Multi-Tenant Video Systems Aiphone has released a new series of multi-tenant color video systems, the GT Series. The GT Series offers several enhancements over the current GH Series multi-tenant systems. The 170 degree entry station with a pan/ tilt/aoom camera provides complete entry visibility. The system supports up to 500 tenant stations, which communicate hands-free to a maximum of 16 entry panels and four security guard stations. The entry panels can be configured in either direct select, digital keypad, or one piece stainless steel styles. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/ FREEInfo/18503
Panasonic i-Pro SmartHD WV-SC384 1.3M PTZ Panasonic’s new i-PRO network dome camera combines 1.3 megapixel image resolution with extended zoom operation and full-featured pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) operation. The new i-PRO SmartHD WV-SC384 1.3MP PTZ captures highly detailed images with 720p HD resolution and 288x digital zoom operation along with the ability to multi-stream full-frame 1280x960-pixel images at up to 30 frames per second. In addition, the unit incorporates a host of performance features including on-board face detection. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/18502
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SECO-LARM ENFORCER Vandal-Resistant Indoor/Outdoor Wall-Plate Camera SECO-LARM now has available for immediate shipment the new ENFORCER vandalresistant indoor/outdoor wall-plate camera. The new camera is low-profile in size and build, and is weatherproof for indoor or outdoor use. A 1.5mm lens with a wide 170° viewing angle helps the camera capture a large scene. It also has a Sony CCD and a 550 TV line resolution. Each kit includes one camera, one single-gang wall plate, and one slim line wall plate. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/18504
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MyForce Campus Interface MyForce is a personal security service students and faculty put on their smartphones. If they sense danger, they can send an alert with the touch of a button. Through the MyForce Campus Interface, MyForce personnel and campus officers hear what’s happening, track the student’s position and send emergency help— allowing campus law enforcement to find them. When students and faculty are outside the jurisdiction of campus law enforcement, the MyForce team notifies the appropriate authorities. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/ FREEInfo/18505
Secura Key Updated Customer Card Ordering Secura Key has updated its customer card ordering guide, which allows resellers and customers to have a reference tool for all aspects of the card ordering process. The guide includes available card types, instructions on choosing formats and various printing options for all technologies in the Secura Key catalog. The 12-page guide is detailed and includes diagrams of each card for easy ordering. The update includes new information on how to order HID-compatible proximity cards and key tags. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/ FREEInfo/18506
EasyLobby Visitor Management Integration With Gallagher Access Control Systems EasyLobby has announced a visitor management and access control integration module with Gallagher’s access control systems. The integration module allows customers using Gallagher’s access control systems and EasyLobby’s visitor management solutions to be able to issue different levels of access to visitors, contractors and employees directly from the EasyLobby Secure Visitor Management visitor station. An access control proximity card can be activated from the station for that visitor. When the visitor checks out, the credential is automatically deactivated. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/ FREEInfo/18507
www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/18146 AUGUST 2011
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE
Worldwide Trust in Warning Systems ASC has installations in 50 states and more than 60 countries
IMLCORP and Metis Secure Solutions Indoor/Outdoor Emergency Notification Solution IMLCORP and Metis Secure Solutions, LLC have integrated their technologies to create a comprehensive emergency notification solution. This solution will enable universities to send and receive warnings with clear voice instructions both indoors and outdoors. With this integrated solution, emergency managers will use the Metis Secure Command Center software to send an emergency warning to Metis Secure alerting devices and/or IMLCORP’s SoundCommander(R) loudspeaker systems. Voice messages can be sent in three ways: pre-recorded messages, text-tospeech and live-voice. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/18508
I Force 3200 HPSA ARM Electronics VPWDPRO Series Outdoor Dome Cameras
ASC Campus Warning Systems provide peace-of-mind for students, parents, faculty, and staff with their ability to alert the campus instantly of an emergency.
ARM Electronics is pleased to introduce its new line of outdoor tamper-resistant dome cameras – the VPWDPRO series. All models have been upgraded to 650 lines of resolution and generate the high quality images that video security professionals demand. Wide dynamic range is standard in the entire series to meet the needs of any application where illumination intensity varies. The VPWDPRO series can sense dropping light levels and automatically switch from color to black and white for superior nighttime images.
I-Force high-powered speaker arrays (HPSAs) produce: • Superior voice intelligibility • Incident-specific pre-recorded messages and live public address.
Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/18509
ASC can coordinate HPSAs with voice, text, and e-mail alerts to stakeholders. Contact ASC for professional consultation to address your campus' emergency notification needs.
System Sensor CO1224TR CO Detector with RealTest System Sensor’s new CO1224TR carbon monoxide (CO) detector with RealTest is available for immediate purchase. The CO1224TR is a round version of the award-winning System Sensor CO1224T CO detector. The CO1224TR includes RealTest − the first field functional CO test fully compliant with NFPA 720-2009. It also provides multiple mounting options and is quick and easy to install, test and maintain. It has a low current draw, the latest electrochemical sensing cell and a six-year, end-of-life timer.
(800) 243-2911
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Or visit us at: www.americansignal.com www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/18100 52
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Cellular, Two-Way Radio, Analog & SIP Telephony Call Box Solutions
Detex ECL-230X-TDB Panic Device Detex introduces a maximum security, code compliant, alarmed, 3 point dead bolt, panic device. The ECL-230X-TDB has 3 large dead bolts designed for maximum holding force, a photo-luminescent sign, a 100 decibel alarm and a durable ramped end cap. The ECL-230X is simple to install, preventing problems and costly return visits. It is available with an optional Interchangeable Core Cylinder, pre-installed, as well as an optional hardwired kit that powers up to 3 locks. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/ FREEInfo/18511
VITEK VTC-IRE40/3516 Weatherproof IR Bullet Camera VITEK Industrial Video Products, Inc. launches the all new VTCIRE40/3516 weatherproof IR bullet camera featuring 700 TV lines of high resolution and Sony EX-VIEW HAD CCD II and Effio-E image signal processor. This ultra-clear, high resolution camera produces crisp color images, and is equipped with infrared LED dynamic intensity control. The VTC-IRE40/3516 is water sealed to eliminate potential permeation of pests, dust and condensation and yet is fully externally adjustable. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/18512
GVI Security autoIP 2 Megapixel Series GVI Security’s autoIP line of products provides “the power of IP video at the push of a button,” according to the company. AutoIP cameras, servers and software all work seamlessly together, automating the steps to set up your network. AutoIP automatically discovers cameras on the network, assigns IP addresses and configures devices for motion recording. In addition, the autoIP 2 megapixel series of IP cameras – including 2MP interior domes, outdoor domes and bullets − provides high quality crisp images with up to 1920 by 1080p resolution.
IPCallCo’s solutions incorporate the latest in unified communication design to allow integration of campus-wide mass notification and multi-party answering points; regardless of communication device, network or service provider! IPCallCo offers a full-range of colors and call box designs from flush mount to stand alone solar-powered models. Lease Purchase Options Dealer Inquires Welcome
Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/18513
sales@ipcallco.com • 954-938-1968 www.ipcallco.com www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/18058 AUGUST 2011
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D I R E C T O R
O F
T H E
Y E A R
call for entries Do you know a hospital, university or school campus police chief or director of public safety and security who goes above and beyond the call of duty, demonstrating outstanding leadership skills, ingenuity, selflessness and overall achievement? If so, we invite you to submit his or her nomination for the 2011 Campus Safety Director of the Year award. The award winner will receive: • Special editorial coverage and photos in a future issue of Campus Safety magazine • Recognition in the campus safety and security community • A $100 American Express® gift certificate • A custom plaque
ENTRY FORM — 2011 CAMPUS SAFETY DIRECTOR OF THE YEAR Nominee Name:
Nominee Title:
If you are nominating someone else, your name and phone number: Hospital, University or School Campus/District Name: Address: City:
State:
Zip:
Country:
E-mail: Phone:
Fax:
Total Number of Officers:
Sworn:
Non-sworn:
Total Number of Beds (if Hospital):
Size of Campus(es): Number of Students, Faculty & Employees:
Number of Campus Locations: JUDGING: For complete 2011 judging criteria and entry rules, please visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com/DirectorOfTheYear NOMINATION SUBMISSION: On a separate sheet of paper, tell us why you or your nominee should be chosen for this award. Please explain how your entry meets or exceeds the judging criteria. Include examples showing why you or the person you are nominating is worthy of this award. ENTRY DEADLINE: Nov. 1, 2011. There is no entry fee. All submissions
become the property of Campus Safety magazine and cannot be returned. Additional entry forms can be downloaded online at www. CampusSafetyMagazine.com/DirectorOfTheYear. ELIGIBILITY: Nominee must have the title of “Campus Police Chief” or “Director of Public Safety & Security”, “Director of Emergency Management” or the equivalent. The campus he or she oversees must be located and operated in the United States or Canada and must be a hospital, university, college, K-12 school or school district.
CSM06-03.11
HOW TO ENTER Complete this entry form and send it with your submitted materials and applicable photos to: 2011 Campus Safety Director of the Year Campus Safety Magazine 3520 Challenger St., Torrance, CA 90503 or, campussafetymagazine@bobit.com or, Fax: (310) 533-2502
Visit www.CampusSafetyMagazine.com/DirectorOfTheYear for complete eligibility rules. Entry deadline is Nov. 1, 2011 CSJ_0811tools.indd 54 CS0811doy2011.indd 1
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REPORTING FOR DUTY You work hard to keep your campus safe and secure.
Here at Campus Safety Magazine, we take our mission to report on school, university and hospital protection issues as seriously as you take your mission to protect our nation’s students, faculty, staff, patients and visitors. Find the latest news and information on security and public safety solutions and trends in Campus Safety Magazine’s newly redesigned print, online and eNewsletter products! In Print: Now published nine times per year, have the magazine sent directly to your office or home. Online: CampusSafetyMagazine.com has a new look and easier navigation that provides you with up-to-the-minute news, trends and technology tips. Features include blogs, video, photo galleries and more. 2 eNewsletters! Campus Safety eNews: This free eNewsletter is delivered to your E-mail inbox each week with the late-breaking current events you need to keep on top of the everchanging campus public safety issues. Hospital Security Update: This brand new eNewsletter focuses on security and public safety issues in the healthcare setting, covering hot topics like Joint Commission accreditation, officer training, infant abduction prevention and more.
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RECESS
WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?
THEY SAID IT
Patients do target doctors more. We see case after case of this. We live in an era where, if I have a problem, it’s not my fault. Russell Colling, a Coloradobased health care-security consultant, on the increase in assaults on doctors. Source: Dayton Daily News
ANSWER:
The tree is blocking the view of the camera.
There is no doubt that the phenomenon of addiction is in decline in Portugal.
DID YOU KNOW?
1 in 4
high school students drink soda every day. Source: CDC
About
21%
men are not allowed to wear necklaces.
of workplace homicides were committed by work associates between 2005 and 2009.
Source: Christian Science Monitor
Source: U.S. Department of Justice
IN IRAN,
To deter the T
ABUSE OF OXYCONTIN, A
t pills have been the r reformulated so they turn i into a gummy substance that cannot be easily snorted, injected or chewed. Source: New York Times
Joao Goulao, president of the Institute of Drugs and Drug Addiction, on the effects of Portugal’s decision 10 years ago to decriminalize drug use and treat addicts rather than punish them. According to Goulao, the number of addicts who repeatedly use “hard” drugs and intravenous users has fallen by half since the early 1990s. Source: AFP
The proportion of children living in poverty rose from
19% in 2008 to 21% in 2009. Source: America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being 2011
FOR ADDITIONAL COVERAGE OF HEALTHCARE, EDUCATIONAL SAFETY, AND SECURITY TOPICS, VISIT CampusSafetyMagazine.com
Bobit
CAMPUS SAFETY MAGAZINE (ISSN 1066-7039) (CDN IPM#40013413) is published BI-Monthly with an extra issue in November, by Bobit Business Media, 3520 Challenger Street, Torrance, California 90503-1640. Pending Periodicals Postage Paid at Torrance, CA 90503-9998 and Additional Mailing Offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Campus Safety Magazine, P.O.
Business Media Box 1068, Skokie, IL 60076-8068. Please allow 8 to 16 weeks for address changes to take effect. Subscription Prices – United States and Canada $60 per year; Foreign $100 per year. Single copy
price - $10. Please alow 8 to 16 weeks to receive your first issue. Please address Editorial and Advertising correspondence to the Executive Offices at 3520 Challenger Street, Torrance, California 90503-1640. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in whole or in part without consent of Bobit Business Media. All statements made, although based on information believed to be reliable and accurate, cannot be guaranteed and no fault or liability can be accepted for error or omission.
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Sygnal™ mass notification keeps every student within reach. In the stacks or on the quad, ensure your students receive emergency communications no matter where they are. usa.siemens.com/sygnal
Communicating effectively and quickly in an emergency is one of the most critical responsibilities that colleges and universities face. And with students, faculty and staff spread over miles — and many unreachable through web-based alerting to personal devices — the challenge is much greater. To reach them all you need a plan, and the expertise and service necessary to execute it.
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Answers for infrastructure. www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/18134
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