Campus With a Master Plan Cleveland State Ties It All Together ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:
Complying With Title IX Prompt Investigations of Sexual Violence a Must
Substance Abuse & Sober Living Background Checks for Volunteers Digital Signage & Mass Notification Adopting Smart Cards for Access Control
WWW.CAMPUSSAFETYMAGAZINE.COM JUNE /JULY 2011 • VOL. 19 • NO. 4
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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S I J U N E / J U LY 2 0 11 I V O L . 1 9 N O. 4 BOBIT BUSINESS MEDIA 3520 Challenger St. Torrance, CA 90503 (310) 533-2400
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14 The Campus With h a Plan
Cleveland State University adoptedd an integrated i d security, i life lif safety f andd infrastructure i f solution to tie together all of its systems. By Bernard L. Buckner and Robin Hattersley Gray
20 How to Comply With the Dept. of Ed’s Title IX’s Sexual Violence Guidance Prompt and appropriate investigations of on- and off-campus sexual assaults and harassment will help to ensure your campus will meet the U.S. Department of Education’s expectations. By S. Daniel Carter
26 What Smart Cards Can Do for Your Campus
Smart credentials improve physical and logical access control, and help improve campus business functions. By Matthew Conrad
32 Want to Attend a Safe College? 10 Questions You Should Ask Before You Commit Here’s some advice a retired community college police chief gives to parents and their children who are shopping for colleges and universities. By J.T. McBride
38 Tackling College Substance Abuse
Changing what students see as normative behavior when it comes to alcohol consumption can go far in reducing high-risk conduct on your campus. By Brittany-Marie Swanson
42 Is Digital Signage for You?
Electronic displays are effective ways campuses can visually communicate with their communities during an emergency. By Robin Hattersley Gray
44 ‘Cameras Don’t Lie’
Manchester Conn., Public Schools recover stolen property, deter vandalism and prevent assaults with the help of multi-campus video surveillance technology. by Steve Sleicher
48 Safe Searching: The Standing Basic Search
Conducting effective pat-downs is an essential skill that deserves more attention in training. By Sgt. James Harbison
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(310) 533-2400 fax: (310) 533-2510 www.campussafetymagazine.com EDITORIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL Shad U. Ahmed Chief of Emergency Medical Services, University of Rhode Island S. Daniel Carter Director of Public Policy, Security On Campus Inc. Michael Dorn Safe Havens Int’l Osborne Frazier NYPD Div. of School Safety Linda Glasson Security Manager/Consultant, Obici Hospital William Lassiter Center for Prevention of School Violence Joseph Moscaritolo Madison Park Vocational HS, Boston K. Gary Somerville Senior Campus Supervisor, Natrona County School District, Casper, Wyo. Philip Mullendore Institute for Campus Safety
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54 Tech Bootcamp How Turnstiles Can Protect Your Campus
4 From the Editor’s Desk Let’s Talk About Gratitude, Shall We?
6 News Watch Dept. of Ed Finds 3 Universities in Violation of Clery Act
52 Safety Zone Responding During High Stress, Time Compressed Situations
56 As I See It Adopting Appropriate Policies for Screening Volunteers
VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT WWW.CAMPUSSAFETYMAGAZINE.COM 2
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FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK
Let’s Talk About Gratitude, Shall We?
I
Robin Hattersley Gray is executive editor of Campus Safety. She can be reached at robin.gray@bobit.com or (310) 533-2534
n this age of economic struggles and skyrocketing stress levels, it can be tempting to adopt a “poor me” attitude on life. I often hear those in the campus protection profession as well as those in other fields lament, “I don’t have enough staff,” or “There is too much to do,” or “I’m so tired,” or “I’m not appreciated.” I’ll admit that I’m guilty of this kind of complaining too. We all are being stretched in many ways and are facing new challenges that can be tough to handle. This is particularly true for those of us in the campus public safety community where we often witness the darkest side of humanity. But then I hear about programs like the Warrior Games, and I’m stopped in my tracks. This event, which was held May 16-21 in Colorado Springs, Colo., showcased the remarkable athletic abilities of those brave men and women in the U.S. armed forces who have been wounded while serving their country. Despite the fact that these individuals have spinal cord injuries, visual impairments, post traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injuries or amputations, they are out there, competing in archery, cycling, basketball, shooting, swimming, track and field, and volleyball. Examples of these kinds of triumphs aren’t just limited to the great state of Colorado. They can be found everywhere. This weekend, I visited a friend who just had
SO LET ME TELL YOU ABOUT ALL THAT I’M GRATEFUL FOR: MY LIFE, MY HEALTH, MY FAMILY, MY FRIENDS, MY HOME, MY JOB, MY BOSSES, MY COWORKERS AND THOSE I MANAGE.
breast cancer surgery. Not once during our get together was she on the pity pot. Instead, she was grateful for her employer and all of her family and friends who have supported her throughout this challenging time. She and I talked about the series of miracles that led to the doctors discovering her condition early. My friend is wise beyond her 33 years. I don’t hear her or any of the Warrior Games’ participants whining about that small scratch on their brand new BMW or not having enough money to buy another pair of Jimmy Choo shoes. Yes, it is nice to have luxuries, and I’m not saying we shouldn’t want those things. But sometimes it takes seeing someone else experience a loss – or experiencing it yourself – to fully appreciate all that we do have. So let me tell you about all that I’m grateful for: My life, my health, my family, my friends, my home, my job, my bosses, my coworkers and those I manage. I’m even grateful for all of those little annoyances, like my sore shoulder, my old and very loud bathroom exhaust fan and my obnoxious next door neighbors. The reality is that my shoulder still works (and if it gets really bad, I have the resources to go to the doctor), I have indoor plumbing that works, and my neighbors are very kind, even if they do wake me up at 7 a.m. on Sundays. Also, I’m grateful for you, dear Campus Safety readers. I know that all of you are doing your best every day to make this world a little bit better and a little bit safer. I feel privileged to be able to support you, if only in a small way. Thank you!
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Dept. of Ed Finds 3 Universities in Violation of Clery Act WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of
Education (ED) has released reviews finding the University of Vermont (UVM), the University of Northern Iowa (UNI) and Washington State University (WSU) in violation of the Clery Act with recommendations that they face civil penalties. The actions may include fines and/or the limitation, suspension or termination of the eligibility of the institution. The reviews were initiated in 2008 as part of the ED’s partnership with the FBI to review sample institutions for accuracy in campus crime reporting. They were not as a result of any complaint or alleged non-compliance. In a statement to Campus Safety magazine, Security On Campus (SOC) Director of Public Policy S. Daniel Carter indicated that the reviews revealed issues commonly experienced at institutions, which have relatively easy solutions.
this by checking off each required element of the policy from the regulations, the handbook or SOC’s Web site. “Much like Virginia Tech, each institution omitted key details from their timely warning policy statement disclosure,” Carter continues. “As discussed in the Tech case, transparency of these details so the campus community can have oversight and know what to expect is critical. Institutions can easily address this issue by making sure their disclosure summarizes all key elements of their timely warning procedures − as detailed in the Clery reporting handbook − including who will issue the warning and what channels they’ll use. “[UVM and UNI] also failed to fully disclose information about the availability of the annual Clery report (UNI failed to issue any notice whatsoever in 2007). Institutions must provide direct notice to each
One especially common issue we’ve seen in recent years is the reporting of inconsistent information in the Clery reports made available on campus and the data submitted to the ED. — S. Daniel Carter, Director of Public Policy, Security on Campus “One especially common issue we’ve seen in recent years is the reporting of inconsistent information in the Clery reports made available on campus and the data submitted to the ED,” he says. “UVM omitted 20 sex offenses from data reported, while UNI omitted 451 liquor law disciplinary referrals. This data should always match. Institutions with concerns about how to submit their data should contact the ED’s help desk. “Both institutions omitted from either both their policy and Clery report (UNI) or their Clery report (UVM) the mandatory sexual assault policy statement that both the accused and accuser are entitled to the same opportunities to have others present at any disciplinary proceeding. This is a significantly important right for victims, and omitting it from policies and statements can lead to it being denied them, or at a minimum them not knowing they have it, which can be a barrier to reporting. Institutions can easily correct
current student and employee by Oct. 1 that contains the exact URL of the Clery report, not merely the institution’s Web site or campus police Web site. “UVM also failed to properly update the status of incidents in their public crime log and used unclear terminology (‘suspicious events’) to describe incidents that were disclosed as burglaries in the annual statistics. All crime log entries must be kept updated for 60 days and use terminology that will be easily understood by members of the general public.” WSU’s review found that the school failed to properly report two forcible sex offenses for 2007, and omitted statements about preparing the annual statistics and information about accused and accuser rights in sexual assault cases as well as possible punishments the institution may impose from the ASR. Since 2008, ED and the FBI have randomly reviewed 32 institutions of higher education. ■
The complete findings relating to UVM, UNI and WSU can be found at: • http://federalstudentaid.ed.gov/datacenter/cleryact.html#uvm • http://federalstudentaid.ed.gov/datacenter/cleryact.html#uni • http://federalstudentaid.ed.gov/datacenter/cleryact.html#washington
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University of Vermont’s Clery Violations 1. Inaccurate reporting of campus crime statistics, specifically anonymously reported sex offenses 2. Crime log deficiencies, specifically the current disposition of some incidents 3. Insufficient information regarding timely warning, specifically the modes of communication in which those warnings would be made in the case of an imminent threat 4. Insufficient sexual assault policy, specifically with regard to the fact that both the accused and accuser may have someone else present during disciplinary proceedings 5. Failure to distribute the campus security report (CSR) in accordance with federal regulations, specifically the exact URL where the report was located
University of Northern Iowa’s Clery Violations 1. Inaccurate reporting of campus crime statistics, specifically liquor law violations 2. Failure to distribute the campus security report (CSR) in accordance with federal regulations 3. Insufficient information regarding timely warning, specifically the modes of communication in which those warnings would be made in the case of an imminent threat 4. Insufficient sexual assault policy, specifically with regard to the fact that both the accused and accuser may have someone else present during disciplinary proceedings
Washington State University’s Clery Violations 1. Failure to properly disclose forcible sex crime statistics and accurately classify offenses 2. Failure to include required statements in the annual security report (ASR)
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CALEA Launches Campus Security Accreditation Program GAINSVILLE, VA. – The Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies Inc. (CALEA) has unveiled its CALEA Campus Security Accreditation Program, which extends professional standards and accreditation programming to security organizations operating in the educational environment. “CALEA realized its college/university law enforcement clients needed additional tools to address the challenges of policing on educational campuses and to meet other legal reporting requirements,” says CALEA Executive Director Sylvester Daughtry, Jr. “Furthermore, it did not have an appropriate credentialing program for campus security departments.” To address these concerns, CALEA drew upon the talents and insights of several of its accredited college/university law enforcement CEOs and accreditation practitioners, experts from campus security organizaCALEA Executive Director Sylvester tions and departments, and representatives Daughtry, Jr. says his organization’s new Campus Security Accreditation Program from other campus associations. Together will help bridge service delivery gaps that they developed 15 new standards specific occur with other public safety service proto campus law enforcement agencies and a viders that often operate in contiguous or campus security accreditation program. concurrent geographic jurisdictions. The new standards address topics such as Clery Act reporting, risk assessment and analysis, emergency notification systems, active gunman or terrorism, and the agency’s roles and responsibilities at medical centers and research intensive facilities. All but one of the 15 are mandatory standards, meaning an agency must demonstrate compliance if the standard is applicable by function. Enrollment in the CALEA Campus Security Accreditation Program is open to security agencies or public safety departments in the educational setting that primarily employ non-sworn security officers. This includes security organizations serving colleges and universities, secondary and primary schools, specialized schools or any other educational institution. These may be public or private institutions, but the CALEA credentials are institution-specific and not portable by corporate security organizations. Contract and non-contractual organizations are eligible to participate in the program. Like other CALEA accreditation programming, the Campus Security Accreditation Program begins with enrollment as a participating organization. Agency self-assessment, a critical component, follows and is designed to occur during the first 24 months of enrollment. During this period, the agency works with its assigned CALEA program manager and utilizes other available resources to develop policies and procedures to address all of the applicable 294 standards that comprise the program. Once prepared, the security organization will be assessed by a professional team of CALEA assessors that will verify compliance with the standards. The resulting report is then considered by the Commission, along with the agency’s public presentation, to determine if accreditation will be awarded. Awarded organizations then transition to a reaccreditation maintenance process and are reviewed every three years by the Commission following an assessment. “This proven accreditation process model unquestionably serves to support continuous organization development and promotes professionalism as a key value,” says Daughtry. “The involvement of campus security organizations in the CALEA accreditation process will also assist in bridging service delivery gaps that occur with other public safety service providers that often operate in contiguous or concurrent geographic jurisdictions. In short, this process will provide opportunities to further enhance public safety within the educational environments through the incorporation of standards that complement those used by other public safety entities.” For more information on CALEA’s accreditation programming options, visit www. calea.org. ■ 8
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A R App Review: i Spanish for Police Spanish for Police brings more than 200 simple Spanish commands and questions for officers. Spanish is now the second most common language in the United States after English, with an estimated 35 million people now speaking it as their primary language at home. Anyone in law enforcement and security knows the importance of communication on patrol. When there’s a language barrier, getting the job done gets that much more complicated. As a result, it has become important for campus police agencies and security departments to recruit offi cers who can speak Spanish in the course of their police work. What about officers who can’t speak Spanish? The Spanish for Police app from Exact Magic Software gives those officers the ability to communicate with Spanish-speaking citizens. This app, which currently is only available for Apple devices, provides more than 200 simple Spanish commands and questions with written and audio translations. The words and phrases are organized in basic law enforcement categories such as officer safety, arrests; searching suspects; Miranda warning; DUI/HGN and others. Phrases in the officer safety category include “Hands out of pockets,” “Do not resist,” and “Drop it.” ■
App Review NAME PLATFORM DEVELOPER PRICE
Spanish for Police Apple Exact Magic Software $2.99 RATING (OUT OF 5)
USEFULLNESS EASE SUPPORT VALUE OVERALL
5 5 4 5 5
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Lehigh U., Security On Campus Host National Campus Safety Summit Sept. 29 conference will feature successful programs addressing university security issues. Twenty years after the Jeanne Clery Act became law, the nation’s prominent thought leaders on campus safety will come together to discuss the critical issues facing colleges and universities. This September, “Proceeding in Partnership: The Future of Campus Safety” will offer panel discussions on sexual violence, alcohol and other drug abuse, emergency response and off-campus safety. The summit is co-sponsored by Security On Campus, Inc. (SOC) and Lehigh University. Participants will have a chance to interact with and learn from researchers and practitioners about programs that have demonstrated success in improving campus safety. At the conclusion of the event, a roadmap – based on evidencedriven results from the field – will be produced, helping to guide the future of campus safety. Registration for the Sept. 29 event, to be held at Iacocca Hall on Lehigh University’s Mountain Top Campus, is $99, but there are a limited number of seats. To learn more about the event, visit www. securityoncampus.org. ■ SOC was founded by Connie and Howard Clery in memory of their daughter Jeanne who died tragically at Lehigh University in 1986. The non-profit organization worked to secure passage of the Jeanne Clery Act, originally known as the Campus Security Act, two decades ago and continues to be the nation’s leading voice for the improvement of campus community safety. Photo courtesy Security On Campus
Don’t Miss Our Podcast Interview With Gustavus Adolphus’ Ray Thrower Campus Safety caught up with Gustavus Adolphus College Campus Safety Director Ray Thrower where he discussed the electronic security solutions he hopes to deploy on his campus. He also provided some first responder training tips he recently learned as a result of being in a serious car accident. To listen to the podcast, visit CampusSafetyMagazine.com/Podcast. ■
UPCOMING EVENTS AUG. 10-12
JULY 28
Southern California IAHSS 2011 Symposium Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles DGibbs@guidepostsolutions.com
SEPT. 8
JULY 29
Northern California IAHSS 2011 Symposium Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. DGibbs@guidepostsolutions.com AUG. 2-5
CUPIC: College & University Police & Investigators Conference 2011 Tysons Corner, Va. www.cupic.gmu.edu AUG. 8-10
CAMPUS SAFETY
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School Safety Conference Chicago www.gbriskcontrol.com/ retasecurityregistration SEPT. 13-14
BusCon Chicago www.busconexpo.com SEPT. 19-22
Dept. of Ed’s Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools National Conference Harbor, Md. www.osdfsnationalconference.com 12
POLICE-TREXPO Chantilly, Va. www.east.trexpo.com
JUNE/JULY 2011
ASIS International 2011 Orlando, Fla. www.asisonline.org
Inspector General: Security Flaws Put Electronic Patient Records at Risk WASHINGTON – Two reports released May 17 by the inspector general of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services suggest that the push to computerize medical records could leave patient information vulnerable to hackers. The first report found that the government agency leading the push has put in place some requirements for safely transmitting computerized medical data, but no security requirements were issued for computer systems at hospitals and doctors’ offices, MSNBC reports. The second audit found 151 security vulnerabilities at seven large hospitals in California, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York and Texas. Four out of five of the weaknesses were classified as “high impact,” meaning they could result in costly losses, such as injury or death. The government is offering rewards to encourage the adoption of electronic medical records. Incentive payments could total $27 million over 10 years. Both reports can be found at CampusSafetyMagazine.com/ HHSInspectorGeneral. ■
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feature
case study
THE CAMPUS
CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY ADOPTED AN INTEGRATED SECURITY, LIFE SAFETY AND INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTION TO TIE TOGETHER ALL OF ITS SYSTEMS. By Bernard L. Buckner and Robin Hattersley Gray
F
or the past decade or so, college campuses across the nation have been adopting more and more security and public safety technologies, such as card access control, mass notification, fire alarms and video surveillance. Although these and other solutions do a great deal to protect campus students, faculty and staff, as well as institution assets, there is one common problem. Often, a variety of systems are installed in a piece-meal fashion over several years. When this occurs, normally the systems don’t work together or are only moderately interoperable. Such was the challenge with Cleveland State University (CSU) in 2009 when administrators made the decision to migrate from its various legacy systems to one integrated solution. The upgrades were part of the school’s $200 million campus master plan, titled “Building Blocks for the Future.” The plan called for CSU to adopt a system that could monitor everything from AEDs to security technology to critical infrastructure to emergency generators and transfer switches.
MULTIPLE DISPATCH INTERFACES CAUSED CONFUSION CSU’s police department dispatch system was one example of how a lack of interoperability posed problems for the campus prior to the upgrade. Previously, the dispatch systems incorporated different computer screens and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). “They were all good, but to respond to one alarm would be different than to answer an alarm of another,” says CSU Commander of Police David Buckingham. Another challenge was analyzing data for investigations. “You were looking at a bunch of different systems that required logging in different ways,” adds Buckingham. “You’d get the information in different formats. It wasn’t like comparing apples and oranges. You were comparing oranges and tangerines at times.” And with new construction or renovation projects underway involving housing, administration, the recreation center and other facilities, it only made sense for the new systems in newly constructed buildings and legacy systems in the older facilities, including the police department, to be integrated. “When you start putting in 3,000-4,000 surveillance points, the older systems just can’t handle it,” says CSU Vice President of Business Affairs and Finance Jack Boyle. “We had to upgrade anyway because of the number of cameras, alarms and emergency notification systems we have installed in the new buildings.” Thus, after an extensive review of providers and products, CSU officials chose the Andover Continuum system so the school’s legacy security, life safety and infrastructure systems would integrate into one network. It has also permitted CSU to incorporate the fully networked Continuum system into the plans for three new facilities currently under construction.
INDIVIDUALS ASSIGNED ACCESS MANAGEMENT DUTIES Given the concerns of security in residential buildings, access control is a vital portion of the systems design. In the Euclid Commons residence halls, for example, all residents are required to use the university-designated credential to gain access. Visitors must sign in at a manned desk. A visitor includes anyone from a local friend to the pizza delivery person. Individuals who try to sneak by are blocked by an all-but-invisible optical turnstile that not only signals the desk attendant but also provides notification to campus police. 14
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WITH A PLAN
Campus at a Glance The main campus of Cleveland State University (CSU) is located in Cleveland, Ohio, and is comprised of 85 acres with 40 buildings used for teaching, research, housing administration and recreation. New or renovated facilities include a recreation center, apartmentstyle student housing, a restaurant, administration center and a college of graduate studies building. It also has one of the largest entertainment complexes in Cleveland, the Wolstein Center, which seats approximately 13,000. Approximately 18,000 students attend the school. CSU’s police department has 22 sworn and armed officers. It also has 11 full-time and six part-time unarmed security officers. CSU’s satellite campuses are located in Westlake and Solon. JUNE/JULY 2011
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case study
Access control of a facility or area is managed by one person in each campus building. This individual is known as the Single Access Control Alarm Coordinator (SACC). They have direct responsibility for coordinating building access, alarm protocols, CCTV access, and alarm and access control schedules. Each SACC is given a WebClient account so that he or she can review access and building schedules, and grant or deny access via the WebClient. Controls within the Continuum system restrict the SACC’s view, which allows them to see only the doors and schedules or access accounts for their assigned building. “This places the responsibility at the most granular level,” says Ken Murphy, CSU’s director of access control and security systems. “We have an 85-acre campus. I don’t know if a student should be allowed in room 102 or not, but the building SACC does.” In planning the design of the system, Murphy wanted to make sure that all of the special concerns of students living on campus were addressed. Working with the Simplex-Grinnell staff, he was able to provide camera coverage and remote access using only a standard PC linked to the Continuum’s WebClient application. The system was designed out using the CSU credential (CSU’s Viking Card) as its source with scripted responses. These dictate an action upon the receipt of a signal from the central station operator (see example below). With the campus’ video surveillance, by integrating CCTV with critical monitoring points, any alarm signal associated with a camera triggers the camera to the monitoring screen. As with most current
systems, it then brings up the live video, but then automatically pulls the stored video so officers can view what actually triggered the event.
DISPATCHERS TRAINED ON SYSTEM USE Once the system was installed, campus personnel, and particularly its police department needed to be trained how to use the new technology. Buckingham insisted
tial investigations go much faster.” Other operations go much more smoothly too. “We can say we want the signal to go here,” says Buckingham. “Once we have that signal, we can get consistent labeling, which we didn’t have before. We’d have alarms coming in with a number of different tags on them. A holdup alarm is different than a personal panic alarm, and we respond differently. Now when our dispatchers receive a signal, they have a better idea of what to do, and we have been working on scripted responses so we can decide what we are going to do when we receive this kind of signal.” As a result of the newly installed system, Buckingham is noticing that his department is able to obtain images of more suspects. In a number of cases, his officers have been able to link those images with other crimes.
Given the concerns of security in residential buildings, access control is a vital portion of the systems design. that all dispatchers be trained and tested on the system prior to it going online. “All of our operators are certified central station operators,” he says. “We know what NFPA 72 requires, but we also want [our dispatchers] tested on this particular system. SimplexGrinnell developed a training program that included a written test to ensure the operators were ready before the system went live.”
INVESTIGATIONS, OPERATIONS RUN SMOOTHLY Now that the system is up and running, CSU has experienced some successes, particularly with regard to investigations. “Having CCTV, access history and security alarms emanate from a single database makes my investigations easier,” says CSU Detective Scott Secor. “When we would investigate an incident from the old systems, I had to pull historic CCTV from one system and the alarm from another. With it all on one system, these ini-
ACCESS SYSTEM SUPPORTS POLICE PATROLS Monitoring access control and responding to issues is also easier because it can be done remotely. No longer must a police officer always go to the location in question. “We had these capabilities with the old systems, but they were different from system to system and facility to facility,” says Buckingham. “Some were more advanced than others.” Additionally, the new access control features allow campus administrators to shut down parts of the campus during off hours. Because the campus buildings are linked via interior walkways, previously if a person entered one building, he or she
Examples of CSU’s Scripted Responses A supervisory signal indicates and Automated External Defibrillator’s (AED) cabinet is being opened. RESPONSE: Has dispatch been notified of a scheduled service or that a device is being removed or returned? If yes, signal can be resolved by noting that person’s name in the call record. If no, notify university police for dispatch to the location to ascertain the reason for the signal and be prepared to call EMS.
A supervisory signal indicates that a critical infrastructure needs attention. RESPONSE: If dispatch has not been notified of a scheduled service, notify the engineer on duty and relay the signal. Note the time and name of the engineer in the call record.
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Monitoring access control and responding to issues is also easier because it can be done remotely. No longer must a police officer always go to the location in question. would have access to all of the buildings. Much of the success of the new system, however, can’t really be quantified. “It’s difficult to measure a crime not occurring, but we are a remarkably safe campus with relatively little crime compared to what you would expect on a normal urban campus,� says Boyle. “I think a lot of that is attributed to the fact that we can supplement a relatively small group of police officers with a very robust system of electronic surveillance, monitoring and access control.�
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Of course, with the installation of a system as large as CSU’s, there are bound to be some bumps in the road. “We had a false start in one building with one kind of system that we ended up not using,� says Boyle. “We had to redo some of the wiring because we changed our minds halfway through the process. The decision path on the first new building left something to be desired.� Boyle recommends that when embarking on an upgrade like CSU’s, it is best to work out the system in advance and then stick to the plan. This was achieved via the campus’ $200 million master plan, which is helping to change the face of both CSU and downtown Cleveland. Another tip? Go big at the beginning and then scale back when appropriate. “Design the maximum and then work backward to what you can actually afford,� says Boyle. “Peel off pieces rather than saying, ‘What’s the minimum I can do for X amount of dollars?’ You’d be surprised at how much extra you can do for a relatively small amount of extra funds.�
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PREVENTING CRIME is only one benefit of the new installation. Maintenance and critical infrastructure management are other important components of the new system that CSU Vice President of Business Affairs and Finance Jack Boyle appreciates. “At the end of the month, we have a wealth of data that tells us what things don’t work right, what we need to be aware of, where there are doors that don’t close or lock, and what needs to be repaired,� he says. CSU monitors its critical infrastructure and equipment, such as its generators, through Continuum using BACnet, which is a communications protocol for building automation and control networks. The campus also publishes key reports on findings such as date of last signal, which helps personnel identify any system failures. BERNARD L. BUCKNER is CSU’s executive director for campus safety. ROBIN HATTERSLEY GRAY is Campus Safety magazine’s executive editor.
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HOW TO COMPLY WITH THE DEPT. OF ED’S
TITLE IX SEXUAL VIOLENCE GUIDANCE PROMPT AND APPROPRIATE INVESTIGATIONS OF ON- AND OFF-CAMPUS SEXUAL ASSAULTS AND HARASSMENT WILL HELP TO ENSURE YOUR CAMPUS WILL MEET THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION’S EXPECTATIONS. By S. Daniel Carter
W
hile the Title IX sexual violence guidance announced by Vice President Joe Biden on April 4 raises many issues for administrators of K-12 school districts as well as college and university officials, it also has important ramifications for the law enforcement and security officers who protect these communities. The guidance, issued by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR), makes it clear campus law enforcement has an important role to play in the sexual violence policies adopted and published by institutions under the law that are intended to provide for prompt and equitable resolutions geared towards eliminating gender inequity.
TITLE IX DOESN’T JUST APPLY TO ATHLETICS Best known for requiring gender equity in collegiate athletics, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) broadly prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. Sexual violence is viewed under the law as an extreme form of hostile environment/sexual harassment and must be addressed. When institution officials “know or reasonably should know” about a hostile environment, they are required “to take immediate action to eliminate the harassment, prevent its recurrence and address its effects.” Institutions must adopt and publicize policies as well as designate at least one Title IX coordinator to respond to their obligations under the law. Under Title IX guidelines, harassment is considered to be conduct that creates an impermissible hostile environment if it is “sufficiently serious that it interferes with or limits a student’s ability to participate in or benefit from the school’s
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program.” Less severe conduct with sufficient repetition may rise to this level, while even one incident that is more serious may rise to this level. For example, “a single instance of rape is sufficiently severe to create a hostile environment” according to OCR. The scope of sexual violence covered by Title IX includes an array of offense categories, including rape, sexual assault, sexual battery and sexual coercion. This is consistent with the scope of forcible sex offenses covered for colleges and universities under the Jeanne Clery Act’s statistical reporting provisions. These are defined as “any sexual act directed against another person, forcibly and/or against that person’s will; or not forcibly or against the person’s will where the victim is incapable of giving consent.” This includes forcible rape, of both females and males; forcible sodomy; sexual assault with an object; and forcible fondling.
OFF-CAMPUS HARASSMENT ALSO COVERED IN GUIDANCE The harassing conduct may occur in any
setting related to a school’s programs, including off-campus activities such as field trips or athletic events. While it may fall outside a school law enforcement agency’s jurisdiction, institutions may also have an obligation to respond to harassment. This is especially true when it rises to the level of sexual violence that originally happened off campus or outside an educational program if a student experiences “the continuing effects of off-campus sexual harassment” in an educational setting. An example of such a setting includes a victim continuing to encounter his or her assailant in classes, cafeterias or residence halls. When an institution addresses sexual violence, even if it occurred offcampus, it must do so using procedures that comply with Title IX guidelines.
CONDUCT MORE THAN JUST A POLICE INVESTIGATION When institution officials become aware of possible harassment, their first obligation is to investigate the information, whether the victim or a third party www.campussafetymagazine.com
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Under Title IX guidelines, harassment is considered to be conduct that creates an impermissible hostile environment if it is “sufficiently serious that it interferes with or limits a student’s ability to participate in or benefit from the school’s program.”
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All school officials who are likely to come into contact with the victims of sexual violence, including all law enforcement unit employees, are expected to be trained on how to identify covered sexual harassment and violence as well as how to respond under institutional procedures (police should hould refer any non-criminal al reports to other channels nnels within the school for resolution).
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brought it to their attention. Institutions are expected to coordinate their law enforcement and Title IX responses to such complaints. While a school resource officer or campus police officer may conduct a law enforcement investigation, “because the standards for criminal investigations are different, police investigations or reports are not determinative of whether sexual harassment or violence violates Title IX,” writes Russlynn Ali, the assistant secretary for civil rights at the U.S. Department of Education and head of OCR. This means that when a sexual assault is reported to campus law enforcement, in addition to conducting a law enforcement investigation, the department should “notify complainants of their right to file a Title IX sex discrimination complaint with the school in addition to filing a criminal complaint, and…report incidents of sexual violence to the Title IX coordinator if the complainant consents.”
USE THE PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE STANDARD A school will not meet its Title IX obligations solely by conducting a law enforcement investigation because conduct “may constitute unlawful sexual harassment under Title IX even if the police do not have sufficient evidence of a criminal violation.” For example, the new guidance makes it
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Obama Administration Warns Schools to Follow Sex Crime Protocol
clear that institutions must resolve Title IX disciplinary matters using the “preponderance of the evidence” standard (meaning it is more likely than not that sexual harassment or violence occurred). Disciplinary procedures should not use the higher “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard required in criminal proceedings or the intermediate “clear and convincing” standard (meaning it is highly probable or reasonably certain that the sexual harassment or violence occurred).
TRAIN OFFICIALS HOW TO IDENTIFY AND RESPOND All school officials who are likely to come into contact with the victims of sexual violence, including all law enforcement unit employees, are expected to be trained on how to identify covered sexual harassment and violence as well as how to respond under institutional procedures (police should refer any non-criminal reports to other channels within the school for resolution). This training should also cover the psychological needs of the victims and survivors of sexual violence so that police understand how victims may respond. It also prepares police to be as sensitive as possible to victim needs and prevent any revictimization from occurring. Police should always be prepared to make referrals to counseling services available either on or off campus, and other resources available
VICE PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN and U.S. Department of Education Secretary Arne Duncan spoke at the University of New Hampshire on April 4 to kick off a national awareness campaign on schools’ responsibilities and victims’ rights pertaining to sexual violence. As part of the initiative, colleges and public and private K-12 schools will receive letters outlining their duties under Title IX, a federal civil rights law that bans sexual discrimination, harassment and violence, the Associated Press reports. While the law is not new, efforts have never been made to promote these guidelines before. The effort is being led by the Department of Education’s (ED) Office for Civil Rights. Among the guidelines, schools are warned that waiting to start an inquiry into sexual crime allegations until after a police investigation has been concluded is unacceptable, the Chicago Tribune reports. The initiative should serve as a warning to schools that have not previously followed these standards. For example, Yale University is currently under investigation by the ED for allegedly failing to address reports of sexual harassment. Notre Dame also faces scrutiny after a student killed herself nine days after accusing another student of sexual battery. The university waited 15 days to interview the accused student, according to the Chicago Tribune.
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K-12, college investigations
to victims and survivors. Local rape crisis centers, and on-campus women’s centers or counseling departments may be important resources for this training. Each school’s Title IX coordinator is expected to provide guidance to their law enforcement department about how to respond to reports of sexual violence under their institution’s specific Title IX grievance procedures. This should include training for public safety personnel on the school’s procedures and any other procedures used for investigating or responding to sexual violence. With the consent of the complainant, information from a law enforcement investigation may also be used in the Title IX investigation “so long as it does not compromise the criminal investigation.”
Unlike a criminal investigation, due to the promptness requirements of Title IX, there are limits on how long an institution may take to conduct an investigation under their grievance procedures.
INCLUDE TITLE IX PROCEDURES IN CLERY REPORTS For college and university police or security officers responsible for producing their institution’s annual Jeanne Clery Act report, being familiar with the all of their sexual violence grievance procedures is especially important. The Clery report should contain a summary of all procedures that may be used to investigate, respond to and resolve a sexual assault complaint using both informal and formal procedures, including options for making changes to a student victim’s academic and living arrangements. If there isn’t already a working relationship between police and the Title IX coordinator, police should be able to readily identify who to contact from their institution’s published procedures and reach out to them to begin a collaborative relationship.
DON’T WAIT TO INVESTIGATE TITLE IX CLAIMS Unlike a criminal investigation, due to the promptness requirements of Title IX, there are limits on how long an institution may take to conduct an investigation under their grievance procedures. Schools should designate and publish “reasonably prompt time frames” for each stage of a case, specifically for the investigatory phase, when the complainant and alleged perpetrator will receive the outcome of the complaint, and for any appeals. OCR expects a typical investigation to take about 60 calendar days, although they recognize that more complex cases, such as those involving multiple incidents, may take longer. The new guidance also addresses how long an institution may delay taking full action while a law enforcement investigation is underway. Schools aren’t able to wait for the conclusion of a criminal investigation 24
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and shouldn’t dissuade victims from seeking a resolution under Title IX prior to the resolution of any criminal matters. Similarly, schools shouldn’t discourage students going through their Title IX grievance process from reporting to law enforcement. Under the Clery Act, colleges and universities are required to offer sexual assault survivors assistance in reporting to law enforcement. If a school has a memorandum of understanding with local police, it should address under what circumstances, including addressing any mandated reporting laws especially for juvenile victims, sexual violence will be reported and how.
SOME TEMPORARY DELAYS ARE ACCEPTABLE A school, however, “may need to delay temporarily the fact-finding portion of a Title IX investigation while the police are gathering evidence,” writes Ali. “Once notified that the police department has completed its gathering of evidence (not the ultimate outcome of the investigation or the filing of any charges), the school must promptly resume and complete its factfinding for the Title IX investigation.” OCR notes that this delay may normally range from three to 10 calendar days but may be longer in some cases depending upon the complexity of the matter. During this time, schools should notify victims of their rights to pursue disciplinary action or obtain other assistance. Schools should also still take any interim action – such as a no-contact order or interim suspension of the accused – needed to protect the victim and/or the rest of the campus community. As some of these steps may be outside the scope of law enforcement, it is critical that there be coordination with appropriate officials at the school who are empowered to take these steps. This would include working with student judicial officials and academic departments.
PREVENTION OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT WORKS BEST Ultimately the best approach to Title IX compliance is one that does not tolerate illegal sexual harassment and violence. It is also important to have personnel at every school, college and university who work together collaboratively to combat it in a coordinated manner. S. DANIEL CARTER is the director of public policy for Security On Campus Inc. He can be reached at sdcarter@securityoncampus.org. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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Smart Cards: What Are They Exactly? WITHIN A SMART CARD, a microchip al-
lows information to be stored and modified right on the credential. This means that information can be both read from and written to using compatible devices. This differs from the popular proximity credential because information on this card can only be read. The increased functionality of smart cards offers campuses greater flexibility in how credentials can be used. While functionality is very important to the purchasing decision, increased information storage and transmission makes security one of the top reasons to choose the right credential when implementing a successful credential strategy. Some smart cards offer several different layers of security, including mutual authentication, which ensures that the reader and the card are allowed to talk with each other before any information is exchanged. Smart cards can also provide encryption. Diversified keys, another component of some smart cards, can virtually ensure no one can read or access the holder’s credential information without authorization. A message authentication code ensures complete and unmodified transfer of information, helping to protect data integrity and prevent outside attacks. Illustration: Ron Rennells
WHAT SMART CARDS CAN DO FOR YOUR CAMPUS Smart credentials improve physical and logical access control, and help improve campus business functions. Selecting the right technology and laying the groundwork for deployment are the keys to success in upgrading your systems. By Matthew Conrad
I
t’s not easy to create and maintain a healthcare or educational environment that acts as an asset in delivering quality service. All too often, systems and technologies purchased to improve business objectives and processes can create more complexity than intended for the people using them. For example, there has been a significant increase in the number of card access systems, which is a wise move because the use of credentials can offer increased 26
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security and data exchange. However, sometimes these systems have been added in a vacuum and not through collaboration with other departments. If each department is doing it this way, users of the systems could end up using a different credential for each of the functions they do throughout the day and feeling frustrated over the complexity. Healthcare and university staff members, and college students, often use different credentials throughout their day to
How Colleges Can Realize Cost Savings THE SECURE ACCESS solutions available with open system smart credentials have several return on investment (ROI) implications. For example, when a smart card program is introduced, it immediately solves the problem of forgotten passwords, a nemesis for both users and administrators. Schools will reduce overhead costs simply by not having to administer passwords. Also, the roll-out of smart credential solutions for physical access control is typically done in tandem with the implementation of card management systems that involve card issuance, personalization, access rights, management and post-issuance. Such solutions simplify management processes, making them more cost-effective. For instance, by introducing smart credential-based authentication, a campus can immediately reduce the number of staff members needed to manage and control access to residence halls, recreation centers, laboratories and other buildings that only authorized students and staff should enter. By demonstrating their reduced risk in terms of intruders gaining access to their facilities, colleges and universities can affect marked savings on insurance premiums. www.campussafetymagazine.com
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do basic functions. It could be entering the building, signing on to their computers, checking out supplies or paying for lunch. And if they work at or attend two or more facilities, the number of credentials they need to use multiplies. The time required each day to find the correct credential for each function can be frustrating and decrease productivity and customer satisfaction. Fortunately, smart cards can provide one credential for a multitude of tasks. Additionally, they provide greater security, allow for fewer pin codes and passwords, and simplify duties.
SMART CREDENTIALS CAN LEAD TO EFFICIENCIES The use of smart credentials or smart cards can make staff more efficient and increase their job satisfaction. Besides access control, smart credentials can support various applications such as identification; parking access; time and attendance; logical access; supply checkout verification; charge privileges at various locations, including the cafeteria; document printing; and biometric template storage. In addition to the functionality for multiple applications, smart credentials also increase the security of information
By issuing staff credentials with strong authentication mechanisms, healthcare organizations and universities are effectively investing in their well-being and demonstrating that they take security seriously. kept on the card and stored in the facility. If applications require multiple forms of verification, the smart card securely stores other credential types, such as biometric templates, PIN codes and photos, right on the card, utilizing the enhanced storage and encryption of smart technology. It also provides an extra level of security at the access point, protecting the information behind closed doors or on the secure network. Issuing one smart credential also impacts administrative costs. Not only is the cost of a single credential lower than purchasing multiple forms of identification, but the reduced management and distribution time for one credential will have a significant impact on administrative costs. Most important of all is protecting the safety of employees, patients, students and visitors. In today’s environment, programs that foster increased facility secu-
rity are on the forefront of every campus security director’s mind. In comparison to door keys, magnetic stripe cards or proximity cards, the inherent security of smart credentials ensures that they are far more difficult to counterfeit. It is not possible to put a dollar amount on the potential damage that an organization could suffer by unauthorized individuals using authorized users’ credentials. But, by issuing staff credentials with strong authentication mechanisms, healthcare organizations and universities are effectively investing in their well-being and demonstrating that they take security seriously.
SMART CREDENTIALS OFFER QUICK PAYBACK With all of this added security and functionality, one would expect the cost of smart card credentials to be much higher than the standard proximity card that is
The Pros and Cons of Card Access Solutions Source: Campus Safety magazine Physical Access Control Cheat Sheet SOLUTION
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
APPLICATION COMMENTS
CARDS
• Access rights can be denied without the expense of re-coring a door and issuing a new key • Can limit access to a building to certain times of the day • Systems can provide audit trails for incident investigations
• Prone to piggybacking/tailgating (when more than one individual enters a secure area using one access card or an unauthorized person follows an authorized person into a secure area • Users can share cards with unauthorized persons • Cards can be stolen and used by unauthorized individuals • Systems are more expensive to install than traditional locks • Require power to operate
• Can incorporate a photo ID component • Can be used for both physical and logical access control • Card readers should have battery backup in the event of power failure • Tailgate detection products, video surveillance and security officers can address tailgating issues • Can integrate with video surveillance, intercoms and intrusion detection systems for enhanced security
Magnetic Stripe (magstripe)
• Inexpensive to issue or replace
• Not as secure as proximity cards or smart cards • Can be duplicated with relative ease • Subject to wear and tear
• These are the most commonly used access control cards by US campuses
Proximity
• Durable • Convenient • More difficult to compromise than magstripe cards • Less wear and tear issues
• Cost more than magstripe cards • Easier to compromise than smart cards
• Are widely used for access control (although not as widely as magstripe)
Smart Card
• Multiple application functionality (access, cashless vending, library cards, events) • Enhanced security through encryption and mutual authentication • Less wear and tear issues
• Traditionally considered the most expensive card access option on the market, although the cost is now comparable to proximity cards.
• Not as widely adopted as magstripe or proximity cards • Widely adopted in Europe • Can incorporate biometrics
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in use today. In fact, the price of smart credentials is comparable to proximity technology, so there is no reason to delay the deployment of smart cards, even if initially the only application will be physical access control. Not only will campuses reduce the cost of purchasing a variety of credentials, they will save on the cost of managing multiple credentials. Plus, the hospital, university or district will be able to incorporate applications that were being delayed because of the cost of additional credentials. One card will do it all.
HOW TO LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR SMART CREDENTIALS It is very important that campuses be prepared for smart credential deployment, even if the facility wants to continue using the proximity, magnetic stripe or keypad readers that are already installed. One way to start preparing for the migration to smart cards is to deploy multi-technology credential readers and electronic locks that combine the ability to read both proximity cards and smart cards in just one reader as new installations take place. This way, when the or-
ganization makes the transition to smart cards, it won’t have to replace all of its current devices when the move happens. During the transition, current staff members will be able to use their current credentials and new employees can be issued and start using the new smart cards. This allows the institution to transition the rest of the staff on a reasonable timeline and according to budgets. Also, choosing the right smart card can make all the difference when trying to use them with applications other than access control. Campus decision makers should look for platforms that are open format rather than proprietary. Open formats allow easy integration into other applications with minimal programming, speeding up the time of deployment, reducing the cost of implementation, and giving campus officials more freedom to get the most out of their investment.
BE SMART ABOUT YOUR NEXT CHOICE OF CREDENTIAL Hospitals and universities can immediately begin budgeting for and deploying smart card technology in their facilities. Smart credentials will deliver increased
Access privileges to events such as concerts and sporting events can be managed with smart cards.
security to staff, patients, students and visitors while providing campus employees with increased functionality and efficiencies. Deployment is easy, and migrating can be stress free when using the right solutions. MATTHEW CONRAD is director of global innovation and customer experience for Ingersoll Rand’s Healthcare Practice. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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students and parents
©istockphoto.com/Ginaellen
WANT TO ATTEND A SAFE COLLEGE?
10 QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD ASK
BEFORE YOU COMMIT
Here’s some advice a retired community college police chief gives to parents and their children who are shopping for colleges and universities. by J.T. McBride hen parents or students seek the “best” college or university for the money, campus safety and security should play a major role in their final decision. Why? Because new students are in a brand new higher-ed world with minimal adult supervision, and their vulnerability increases substantially until they become aware of the new dangers and temptations in their lives. Over time, even the more seasoned and experienced college students become complacent, thereby
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increasing their exposure to potential risks and threats. Unfortunately, some criminals specialize in campus-related crime. Some institutions devote more resources to student safety and security than others. Simply put, when safety and security criteria are not given some priority by parents or students during the decision-making process, any tragic situation that might subsequently develop can be credited (at least partially) to a lack of adequate personal planning. The components of an adequate and reasonable campus safety and security
program are strategic planning; CEO participation; risk and threat awareness; emergency planning; community policing philosophy; professional staffing and training; background checks; professional networking; crime data processing and sharing; and adequate budgeting. Asking the following questions will help students and their parents determine if an institution of higher education is really serious about safety and security. College administrators might also want to review these questions to determine if their campus public safety programs are adequately supported.
DOES THE PROSPECTIVE INSTITUTION HAVE A STRATEGIC PLAN? Strategic planning of some sort occurs
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at every college and university in the country, but do many institutions of higher education actually include the terms “safety and security” in them? Does your prospective institution have a strategic plan? Will they share it with you? Does it mention safety and security? Stay away from institutions that don’t mention these important items because they obviously don’t see your safety and security as a long term goal or objective worthy of note.
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students and parents
DOES YOUR PROSPECTIVE COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY HAVE A CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER (CEO) WHO IS “INTO” SAFETY AND SECURITY? Because of
two tragic events over the last several years, safety and security has become a primary management function on the American campus. So, does the campus CEO have any homeland security training as a public official or private executive? Does he or she participate, even occasionally, in any type of campus safety workshop or program? What is the relationship between the CEO and the chief law enforcement or public safety officer in the institution? Is the public safety chief buried in the organizational structure or featured as a prominent part of the institution’s operations? Does the CEO meet with the campus community occasionally to discuss their safety and security? Or do such meetings occur only after a tragedy has occurred? Here’s an important hint: if the CEO doesn’t care about safety and security, neither does his or her staff of campus executives and officials. Their agenda likely includes many other things, and they happily leave the protective duties to others far below them in the organizational structure.
HAS THE INSTITUTION CONDUCTED A COMPREHENSIVE RISK AND THREAT ANALYSIS IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS? If not, campus safety
and security efforts may be inadequate. Current standards suggest that institutions should hire a professional consultant or team every five years to review all hazards, risks and threats that may affect three the institution, employees, students and visitors. Without such an assessment, the protective effort may be ineffective and inefficient. Do you want to attend an institution where the officials are guessing about potential dangers and ways to protect you? Probably not, so keep this in mind when you visit prospective campuses. College officials should be willing and able to discuss their risk and threat assessment program with you (and your parents if necessary).
College officials should be willing and able to discuss their risk and threat assessment program with you (and your parents if necessary). DOES THIS INSTITUTION ENGAGE IN EMERGENCY PLANNING? IF SO, AT WHAT LEVEL? Who is in charge of emergency planning
on this campus? Is the planning adequate in scope? Is it done by trained professionals? Does it meet current standards? Are the plans tested on a regular basis? Are plans evaluated on four a regular basis? Is this campus “networked” with local first responders? Does this institution have a budget for emergency planning? Does it have a crisis communication system that can reach students and employees during an emergency? If most of the answers to these questions are “no”, you may want to look elsewhere for a safer environment.
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DO THE POLICE OR PUBLIC SAFETY PERSONNEL ON CAMPUS ENGAGE IN “COMMUNITY POLICING”? Is the public safety or
police force professional enough to know the difference between “traditional policing” and “community policing”? Is the department proactive or reactive? Is the department five adequately staffed and funded? Is it culturally diverse? Does the department have adequate money to conduct necessary staff training? Does it conduct educational workshops? Does the campus police force reach out continually to the students, faculty, staff, administrators and visitors? Is there a crisis intervention team in place to identify and support students suffering emotional emergency needs? Is the security force strongly and openly supported by the college or university CEO and his or her staff? Is the department networked and respected by other local public safety agencies? If the answer to most of these questions is “no”, consider another option for your own safety. ARE THE PUBLIC SAFETY AND/OR CAMPUS POLICE PERSONNEL PROFESSIONALS? Do they subscribe to a code of ethics
and/or a code of professional conduct? Do they meet state standards in terms of hiring qualifications and training? Are the public safety officials certified and trained? Do they unsix derstand the importance of partnerships with all of the constituents within the campus community? What is the turn-over rate of the campus safety force? Is it better or worse than other agencies in the area? What about the pay and benefit package? Is it adequate? Are the housing officials professional? How is the staff in the dorms and other support services selected? Is the screening adequate? Once again, too many “no” answers in response to these questions make the state of campus safety and security at this institution very suspect. You may be better served moving on to another potential selection.
IS EVERY STAFF MEMBER BACKGROUND-CHECKED? In this day
and age, everybody should be background-checked prior to employment. This includes new seven CEOs, administrators, faculty, staff, deans, cooks, vendors, police, part-time workers, contractors and student workers. If there are exceptions, the program is a sham and a waste of money. One exception “gone bad” can bring tragedy to many people and ruin the reputation of the institution for a long period of time. Is the risk worth it? If the officials at your campus say “yes,” and make exceptions, your safety may be at risk. Look somewhere else, because many good colleges and universities clearly understand the new obligations in this regard and make everybody undergo a background check.
In this day and age, everybody should be background-checked prior to employment. This includes new CEOs, administrators, faculty, staff, deans, cooks, vendors, police, part-time workers, contractors and student workers.
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students and parents
IS THE COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY CONNECTED TO PROFESSIONAL SAFETY AND SECURITY ORGANIZATIONS? If the institution truly cares about your
safety, it will be involved with local police associations, state campus safety associations, regional eight security groups and national campus protection associations. Is your prospective campus so involved? Does the institution belong to the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators (IACLEA)? If not, why not? Networking brings knowledge to the campus, and is vitally important to the health and quality of a campus protection program. Find out how “networked” the campus protection department actually is, and then make a determination if you feel it is adequate for your personal safety. If not, look elsewhere. HOW DOES THE COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY ACKNOWLEDGE THE CRIME THAT OCCURS ON OR NEAR CAMPUS? Does it report its crime statistics to the
U.S. Department of Education and/or the Federal Bureau of Investigation? Does the institution in nine question publish an annual report showing the extent of crime on campus and in surrounding areas? Is this report made readily available to prospective and current students? How does the data for this campus compare with other similar institutions? Who is in charge of handling the crime data on this campus? Does the institution care about the safety and security of students residing off campus? How is that concern manifested? Are there active crime prevention and/or personal safety programs on campus? If an institution is very secretive about its crime data, something is seriously wrong. Secrecy in this regard would be a good reason to look elsewhere. IS THE CAMPUS SECURITY FORCE ADEQUATELY FUNDED? How much money is spent on protect-
ing this campus each year? What percentage of the total institutional budget is spent on campus safety and security? (The national norm is about ten 2.5 - 3 percent.) Are there adequate funds for personnel? Training? Uniforms? Weapons? Equipment? Vehicles? Office space? Software? Do college or university officials consider safety and security just “another line item in the budget,” or do they make it more of a priority? Historically, what do the local newspapers (including the campus newspaper) say about safety and security funding on this campus? Inadequate funding leads to ineffective and inefficient protective services. Does this institution show pride in its protective service program, or is the program just a “sham” to help entice you and others to buy their products and services? If you determine that the funding is inadequate, go somewhere else where safety and security is a real priority. These 10 recommendations are aimed at parents and students trying to select the “best” institution in regards to personal safety and security issues. While no campus will ever be perfectly safe, some institutions give safety and security matters more priority than others. If your personal safety is important, you may want to select one of the safer campuses to live, work and study. Now, more than ever, selecting the “right” campus is one of the most important decisions you’ll ever make. JAMES T. MCBRIDE, C.L.E.E., was the director of public safety and chief of police at a Lakeland Community College for the past 25 years. He has authored a number of articles on campus safety, emergency planning and homeland security, and was an active member of IACLEA over the last two decades. Now retired, he can be reached at: chiefjtm@aol.com For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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substance abuse
tackling college substance abuse Changing what students see as normative behavior when it comes to alcohol consumption can go far in decreasing high-risk conduct on your campus. By Brittany-Marie Swanson
t
he impacts of excessive and underage drinking – as well as other types of substance abuse – are present in college communities across the country. Preventing or reducing instances of substance abuse is a matter of changing your campus environment to discourage this behavior and correcting student misperceptions about drinking. This can be achieved by consistently enforcing relevant policies and providing adequate assistance to students in need. Some colleges and universities have taken this a step further by altering their campuses to meet the needs of students in recovery. This can include removing triggers from the campus environment – such as alcohol or drug paraphernalia and alcohol-related campus activities – or even creating a specific program for students in recovery.
SHED THE PARTY SCHOOL IMAGE
Illustration: Ron Rennells
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In 2001, the Princeton Review named the University of Tennessee as the number one party school in the United States. For the university’s Knoxville campus, the ranking was a wakeup call. At that time, University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) officials found that student partying behaviors were “above regional norms and [the university] had some high-risk drinking rates that were counterproductive to some of [its] goals and missions,” says Dan Reilly, the director of UTK’s Safety, Environment & Education (SEE) Center. To combat these behaviors and other problems associated with the college lifestyle, the university formed the SEE Center in 2005. UTK saw its largest decrease in high risk drinking and the frequency of high risk drinking within a year of the center’s founding. Reilly attributes this to the center’s programs, which incorporate environmental management – such as limiting access to alcohol on campus − and population-level approaches, which target specific populations on campus, such as students living in residence halls. Similarly, St. Cloud State University in St. Cloud, Minn., has battled its reputation as a party school www.campussafetymagazine.com
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substance abuse
If you can do some interventions which make a small change to the majority of folks on campus, what you’re doing there is changing the campus culture…you’re actually changing the environment rather than changing the individuals. —Dan Reilly, University of Tennesse, Knoxville’s Director for the Safety, Environment & Education Center. through the development of a collaborative program between the school and its surrounding community. “In 2008, students were reporting that they were having five or more drinks in a sitting − which is considered the definition of binge drinking − in the last two weeks,” says Phillip Hernandez, St. Cloud’s coordinator of leadership programs and residential life conduct. “That’s 16 percent above the national norm.” Since then, St. Cloud has increased penalties for students who violate the alcohol policy and removed alcohol paraphernalia from campus events. The university is also in the process of developing a residential-based recovery program for students with substance abuse issues.
TARGET HIGH-RISK BEHAVIORS FIRST St. Cloud’s Assistant Dean of Students for Chemical Health and Outreach Programming, Robert Reff, “has worked diligently to manage high risk drinking,” says Hernandez. When approaching the problem of student substance abuse, Reff “always says, ‘the forest is burning, so what trees do I put out?’ So he began working on the high risk behavior first,” explains Hernandez. Reff’s efforts have reduced student binge drinking at the university to three percent below the national average. He collaborated with the city police department and the court system to change the way underage student drinkers were penalized.
“Previously, when underage students were drinking they would get a ticket from the police and then they would pay that ticket − I think it was about $130 − and they wouldn’t have to go to court,” says Hernandez. “That would happen almost regardless of how many times the [behavior] was occurring, so a student could get three or four [tickets] and still be penalized the same amount.” Now, students receive a long form complaint from the city requiring them to appear before a judge or enter a diversion program sponsored by the university that includes alcohol education. Additionally, Reff worked with the city to enact a social host ordinance so that people who host parties where underage students consume alcohol can be penalized by a $1,000 fine or 90 days in jail. Likewise, UTK has focused its efforts on putting policy violators into its diversion program. “The first thing we looked at was making sure the majority of people who violate the alcohol policy were identified and referred to the program,” says Reilly. “You can have the best diversion program in the country, but if the appropriate individuals are not being assigned to it, you’re not going to have success.” UTK utilizes population-level interventions to combat substance abuse on its campus. These interventions “recognize that where you typically see improvement is in a small change to a large percent of your population,” Reilly says.
In other words, it is not as effective to tell individuals to consume less alcohol as it is to introduce statistics promoting healthy practices to an entire community. Those statistics could cause large groups of students to think differently about their drinking habits. “If you can do some interventions which make a small change to the majority of folks on campus, what you’re doing there is changing the campus culture… you’re actually changing the environment rather than changing the individuals,” Reilly adds.
CHANGE THE CAMPUS CULTURE According to Roderick Shaner, the medical director of the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health, “One of the most commonly cited contributors to substance abuse problems is immersion in a culture that is tolerant of, or even expects, heavy substance abuse.” An effective college substance abuse prevention program, he says, will “create a culture in which binge drinking and drug use is neither normative nor promoted.” In an effort to alter its campus culture, St. Cloud has sought to eliminate triggers from campus life that might affect students recovering from chemical dependency or other addiction issues. St. Cloud does not allow root beer kegs or “mocktails” – mock cocktails – at campus events, and clubs are not allowed to give away cups as promotional items. In
How to Address Substance Abuse on Your Campus No one formula will fit the needs of every college or university. It is important that you develop a program that will best address the issues specific to your campus:
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Collect data. What high risk behaviors are your students participating in? How often?
Create policies or programs to address the problems demonstrated by your data. These can include environmental management or population-level interventions.
Enforce your policies. Train campus security officers, resident advisors or other relevant personnel to deal with policy violations in a consistent manner.
Train campus staff to recognize potential substance abuse problems and reach out to those students accordingly.
Provide helpful, up-to-date information and intervention to students who seek assistance for potential problems.
Partner with relevant agencies to coordinate treatment for students who require it.
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addition, gambling-related events are not permitted on campus. The exception, says Hernandez, is mocktails that are provided with an alcohol education component by the university’s UChoose program. The program – a campus prevention effort focusing on the reduction of high risk alcohol use – utilizes empirically based theories and approaches to correct misperceptions about alcohol use on campus and reduce harm. Data collected by UTK showed that students “thought [other] students drank a lot more than they actually did,” says Reilly. The result was that students often had a skewed perception of how much alcohol they should drink and how often. “We did a high dose, multiple outlets social norming campaign to correct misperceptions of high risk drinking or correct misperceptions of how many people are partaking in it,” he says. The campaign resulted in a notable reduction of high risk drinking on campus, according to Reilly.
REGULAR ENFORCEMENT RESULTS IN BETTER BEHAVIOR Data also showed that students who lived on the UTK campus did not see the alcohol policy being regularly enforced. Therefore, they did not take the policies as seriously as they should. To change this, UTK remodeled its resident advisor (RA) training to include a segment on consistent enforcement. “We wanted to look at it from the RA’s perspective,” explains Reilly. “They really don’t take the job − for the most part − to be policy enforcers. They want to be mentors and community builders. “We obtained data to show that consistent enforcement would actually allow them to achieve the things that they wanted to achieve through being a RA, and inconsistent enforcement would subsequently do just the opposite.” The results were positive and widespread, according to Reilly: “We had good data that supported that our students’ perceptions of enforcement went from about 50 percent up to about 75 percent since implementing that training.” “Colleges have learned there are a number of things that help students make proper choices about using drugs [and drinking], and help them find effective help for substance abuse when they need it,” says Shaner. One of the most important ways to effectively address the needs of students with substance abuse issues, he adds, is “to establish clear standards and expectations regarding the use of recreational
STATISTICS
The Effects of High-Risk Drinking in Colleges Each Year: 1,825 students between the ages of 18 and 24 die from alcohol-related injuries 696,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are assaulted by another student who has consumed alcohol 97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are victims of alcoholrelated sexual assault or date rape 110,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are arrested for alcohol-related violations 3,360,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 drive under the influence of alcohol
ery we certainly want to do it right.” Hernandez says he believes recovery housing should incorporate some type of 12 step program and counseling. In addition, he says, “you have to be very strict about making sure you’re dismissing students who begin to relapse… It’s important that the people there are committed to being sober and have stability in their recovery. Relapse is often part of recovery, but this isn’t the community for them.” According to Shaner, there are many elements that can make up a good recovery program – but there is no one formula that fits. “Among the elements common to many treatment programs is developing motivation, providing peer support, creation of alternative methods of coping with problems, and developing new and more adaptive ways of interacting with others and finding personal satisfaction,” Shaner explains.
Source: www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov
FIND WHAT PROGRAM IS RIGHT FOR YOUR CAMPUS substances on and off campus.” Hernandez believes “the culture has changed with the enforcement of underage drinking,” on St. Cloud’s campus through cooperation with the city police and court system. In addition, campus security officers enforce campus alcohol policy while “acting as a liaison between…our campus and the city police,” he adds.
MOVE PAST PREVENTION TO RECOVERY St. Cloud is currently working to implement a residential-based program for students in recovery, which could potentially be housed in a residence hall or an offcampus building. “We are looking to do more support for recovery because I think the typical story is students will identify that they have a problem and…then get off campus treatment,” says Hernandez. “But once they’re done with that, it’s a difficult choice for them to return to campus − because of all the triggers, or previous lifestyle or just not having the resources or a safe place for them.” The university formed a committee of administrators and faculty to tour colleges around the country that already have recovery programs in place. “We’re getting all the information from really successful programs, seeing what they have in common, what works for them, what we can translate here at St. Cloud,” explains Hernandez. “If we’re going to do this and open up a program for students in recov-
“There are hundreds of things that can work based on campus specifics but there are thousands of things that don’t work. So that’s always the challenge,” says Reilly. Reilly explains that UTK revamped its alcohol policies and means of enforcement only after conducting thorough research. “I think first of all you need to do good data collection to find out where the issues are on your campus,” he says. “You can design or emulate really powerful programs but they might not meet the needs of your campus…Secondly, you should do some strategic planning to review the data and then devise interventions specific to that data.” UTK has collected data on student drinking through the school year. The university will hold a strategic planning meeting in early summer to review the data and make changes to campus policies as needed. Hernandez says St. Cloud’s decision to introduce recovery housing is linked to the larger goal of creating a more conscientious campus community. “I think having a recovery program that is residential will be a good reminder for our students…that there are students in recovery living with them,” he says. “This program can help start the conversation about high risk drinking and the impact that it has on the community.” For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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mass notification
IS DIGITAL SIGNAGE FOR YOU? Electronic displays are effective ways campuses can visually communicate with their communities during an emergency. By Robin Hattersley Gray
Digital Signage Best Practices Berkly Trumbo, who is Siemens’ national business manager for the integrated security solutions group, recommends the following:
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“Look at what you have, what you’ve paid for and what the current feature set is to see if you can extend that feature set. What is the life expectancy of the system? If you paid $100,000 for a digital signage footprint 10 years ago, and it’s going to cost you $50,000 to get you where you want to be, [the legacy system] only has a couple of years left in it. It might not be a smart investment.”
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“If you are going to use this medium for daily messaging, make sure that the emergency messaging stands out via different colored lettering; it flashes first and emits a tone to let everyone know that an emergency message is coming. For a mixed use system, list it as a ‘tier 2’ modality in your emergency operations manual when identifying your emergency communications layers, alongside Web based alerting, and not as a ‘tier 1’ system, such as giant voice and fire alarms.”
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“Really focus on traffic patterns. I believe the digital signage footprint will play a valuable role in mass evacuations. End users should look for the capability to send location specific messages to visual displays to move people out of harm’s way once an alert or emergency communication has been initiated.”
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“Speak with the campus cable provider. Apparently, some cable TV companies are entertaining the idea of allowing their customers to send an emergency message across the campus. If it’s a possibility, determine the sources and file types, and any limitations related to the messages.”
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“Make sure digital signage can be used for emergencies. Sometimes, we’ve seen companies creating a revenue model off of the digital signage, but then they are not willing to pass on emergency alerts. If you are going to make the investment in digital signage, you might as well use everything you can in a critical situation to get people out of harm’s way.”
O
ver the past four years, campuses across the nation have adopted or updated their audio mass notification systems, be they PAs, giant voice systems or voice evacuation systems. SMS text message and E-mail emergency alert systems have also become quite popular, particularly at institutions of higher education. But how can an audio emergency message reach those individuals who are hearing impaired or out of ear shot of the notification system? And what about visitors who aren’t signed up for the institution’s text message emergency alerting program and are unable to receive emergency alerts? We also can’t forget the people on campus who, for whatever reason, have turned off their cell phones and computers. Although emergency communications via audio systems and personal devices, such as mobile phones, are excellent solutions, they don’t address the visual component of mass notification. Fortunately, digital signage (along with strobes) can help fill this gap. Despite its traditional use as a marketing and general public information tool, a postVirginia Tech incident report named digital signage as one of the most effective methods for delivering emergency notices to the student body inside buildings.
DIGITAL SIGNAGE DELIVERS ALERTS QUICKLY Generally, unlike SMS text messages and E-mails, which can take several minutes or more to arrive at their intended output devices, a light-emitting diode (LED) or liquid crystal display (LCD) digital signage solution takes only seconds to deliver an alert. “I know when I press that button, I can hear it in my hallway immediately,” says Virginia Tech Associate Vice President of University Relations Larry Hinker. Virginia Tech has 470 Inova LED scrolling signs installed in its classrooms as well as in semi-public areas, such as building lobbies and student unions. “We realized with all of the technologies we had that we weren’t able to reach all of the faculty members or students in classrooms that were isolated,” he adds. “That was a concern after the horrendous shooting we had.”
EMERGENCY USE ONLY? IT DEPENDS. Because digital signage can be used for emergency alerts, routine announcements and marketing messages, each campus must determine what types of communications will work best for them. With both Virginia Tech and Seattle Pacific University (SPU), which also has LED scrolling signs deployed in its classrooms, the devices are only used for emergency purposes. During non-emergency periods, the time and date are displayed. “What we found is having a sign that works all the time and displays valuable information (time and date) was a better solution than some of the individual panels on walls or large TV monitors with emergency information scrolling on the monitor, similar to cable TV,” says SPU Assistant Vice President for Technology Services Dave Tindall. 42
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Other Things to Consider
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When purchasing new digital signage and you have legacy systems, will they be able to “talk” with each other? Although interoperability remains a hurdle, industry organizations are developing technical standards that will make it possible for campuses to communicate across digital signage networks from different vendors.
A campus can realize a greater return on investment (ROI) if it incorporates marketing messages with its digital signage. However, this might not be appropriate for units in classrooms because the marketing messages would compete with the material being presented during lectures.
LED digital signage costs approximately $1,000 to purchase each unit and $700 to install each unit.
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The lifespan of LEDs is about 10 years and less for LCDs.
LCDs are not weather resistant and are not easy to view when they are in direct sunlight. Also, they tend to use more power than LEDs.
LEDs can be more weather resistant than LCDs and use less energy if they are powered by Power over the Ethernet (PoE) technology. These devices have been in use for quite a few years now but don’t have as many features or graphics as LCDs.
Digital signage will not work if the network goes down or if power is interrupted.
The Veterans Administration (VA) hospital system, however, which uses a digital signage solution from Hughes Network Systems, uses the system to disseminate marketing and general administrative information, as well as emergency notifications.
ZONED COMMUNICATIONS CAN CAUSE CONFUSION
security solutions group. “Either buy your own hardware and design the system to your liking or negotiate short-term leasetype arrangements for a period of 24 months where at the end, you can upgrade, purchase or replace the system.” He also warns campuses to be wary of vendors that are too controlling of the content or restrict the use of the signage. “I’ve heard of end users brokering deals for ‘free TVs/LCSs’ but the vendor controls most of the content and might not allow emergency messages from a third party to be sent across the units,” says Trumbo.
challenge. “You shouldn’t just use [digital signage] department by department, but campus wide,” recommends Dehdashty. “You can start going department by department, but you should at least have a vision that involves the school system as a whole.”
MULTI-MODAL IS THE WAY TO GO
No matter how robust the digital sigMany of the digital signage options availnage’s technology and policies supportable today have the ability to cater mesing it, there is always the possibility that sages to specific locations. it won’t work or won’t reach everyone “You can do some way-finding to help during an emergency. That’s why it is so students get from point important to have several A to point B in the most types of mass notification You shouldn’t just use digital signage efficient way,” says Pete solutions on campus. SPU has digital sigSisti, who is CEO of Inova department by department, but campus wide. nage, SMS text messaging, Solutions. “That’s different You can start going department by department, phone calls, loud speakers than blasting an emergenbut you should at least have a vision that and more. Virginia Tech cy message, but for camhas six methods, includpus safety, it does allow involves the school system as a whole. ing LED signage, SMS text for efficiency in moving AMIR DEHDASHTY messaging, E-mail, compeople from one place to Hughes Network Systems Senior Director of Government Solutions. puter pop-ups and Web another, especially during site announcements. evening classes.” Multiple modes of mass notification, Officials at both SPU and Virginia Tech, “Read the fine print or let your integrator however, can also lead to management however, have decided against using that negotiate on your behalf or provide the headaches. Hincker admits that originally, functionality for emergency notification, solution entirely.” it would take him 15-20 minutes to initiprimarily because emergency situations Another big hurdle to the effective deate all of the emergency notifications from can be so fluid. An intruder or gunman ployment of digital signage is the fact that all of his campus’ systems. This issue was might change locations, for example. most operate on closed, proprietary sysresolved by the school’s IT department Keeping track of him or her and then catems. This leads to a lack of interoperabildeveloping an emergency notification tering the crisis communications accordity (in other words, brand X won’t work system portal. ingly has proven to be very complicated. with brand Y). “All of these technologies with the ex“You may go to one hospital and have AVOID LONG-TERM CONTRACTS ception of one or two are mated together a digital signage system designed by us, For those campuses considering the in this portal,” he says. “I can go on there and you may go to the second hospital, adoption of digital signage for mass noand send a blast E-mail, VT phone alert, and they may have a totally different set tification purposes, there are some comdigital signage message and social netup or no set up at all,” says Hughes Netmon missteps that should be avoided. working site message. All of those things work Systems Senior Director of Govern“Don’t get locked into a long-term congo out simultaneously.” ment Solutions Amir Dehdashty. “You’ll tract that doesn’t meet your expectations,” find the same thing with universities.” For additional coverage of this and other healthcare say Berkly Trumbo who is Siemens’ naHaving a plan of what will be installed and educational safety and security topics, visit tional business manager for the integrated CampusSafetyMagazine.com is one of the best ways to overcome this JUNE/JULY 2011
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feature
case study
‘CAMERAS DON’T LIE’ Manchester Conn., Public Schools recover stolen property, deter vandalism and prevent assaults with the help of multi-campus video surveillance technology.
by Steve Sleicher
L
ike many school districts across the country watching incidents unfold on the nightly news, the city of Manchester, Conn., has turned to video surveillance technology to help keep events under control at its own K-12 campuses. School administrators believed that deploying surveillance cameras in its schools could help its security staff quickly detect problems and apprehend instigators by visually documenting events as they unfold. Maintaining campus safety and security at the district is challenging. The high school houses nearly 2,300 students. The sprawling campus contains an original quadrangle, two additional wings, athletic fields as well as a heliport. The remaining 5,000 or so students in the district are divided among 10 elementary schools, a middle school and an alternative school. A new video surveillance solution was needed so school administrators could keep an eye on things. “Video cameras make great eyewitnesses,” claims Mark McKenney, senior security officer for Manchester High School. “They help us determine who, where and when. And cameras don’t lie.”
VIDEO HELPS CATCH CRIMINALS, REDUCES LIABILITY So far, at the high school, McKenney has used the video to recover $2,000 worth of school property and prosecute thieves. In another instance, a student claimed his car was hit in the parking lot until McKenney pulled up the video showing that the dent was already there when the student drove onto school property. Video surveillance, however, isn’t al44
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chester Public Schools adopted a network-based surveillance system that was installed directly on the district’s existing high-speed fiber optic network. There was no need for additional cabling for the cameras and video management system. This solution combined strategically placed fixed and pan/tilt/zoom network video cameras from Axis Communications and an intuitive network video recorder (NVR) from IPVideo Corp. that allows authorized users to control remotely as well as Before the cameras were in place, cameras view archived footage on if we didn’t have any witnesses to an the fly. event, we had nothing to fall back on At the densely populated high school, the video surto tell us what happened. veillance system has enMark McKenney, senior security officer for abled security to recover Manchester High School. stolen property, provide irwe didn’t have any witnesses to an event, refutable proof of events for disciplinary we had nothing to fall back on to tell us action, and quickly verify the whereabouts what happened,” explains McKenney. of students and staff in an emergency. Manchester Chief of Police Marc MontAs an early pioneer in the adoption of miny explains, “The use of IP video camnetwork video technology, Manchester eras allows us to maximize our resources Public Schools began wide-scale deployand reduces the need to have a physical ment of video surveillance in late 2004. presence in every hallway. The remote Eight years into continuous service, its netviewing capability of the high school syswork video recorder now manages some tem allows police to view internal cam175 cameras that keep watch 24x7 over eras from the police station.” the schools and four town facilities. The district processes and archives the video DISTRICT PIGGY-BACKS on an array of six multi-terabyte servers. ON TOWN NETWORK Because the city has a high-speed fiBack in 2004 when the district first started ber optic network that connects all the installing video surveillance, the Hartford buildings, authorized users can monitor suburb where the Manchester district is and manipulate all the network camlocated had already invested in a robust eras remotely from one central location. fiber optic network to connect the town In this case, it’s the Kennedy Education hall, library, schools and municipal buildCenter, which also houses the board of ings. However, it had yet to capitalize on education offices. Administrators at inthis technology to address school security dividual schools are only authorized to and safety. view and control the cameras on their To minimize installation costs, Manown campuses. ways about capturing criminal activity, contends McKenney. “One time we used the system to help a panicked student discover that the cell phone he carelessly left on the roof of his car was picked up by a friend for safekeeping.” Prior to having video cameras on campus, without an eyewitness to an incident, investigations were protracted and drained the district’s limited security resources. “Before the cameras were in place, if
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Manchester school security personnel monitor the high school’s 46 cameras.
Officer Customizes Monitor Views to Improve Security MARK MCKENNEY, senior security officer for Manchester
High School especially likes that the intuitive NVR used by his district allows him to custom-organize the mosaic of streaming video that he watches on his high-definition monitor. “I can watch feeds from all 46 cameras at the high school simultaneously,” he explains. “And I can arrange them to appear on the display in the way that I like to monitor each area of the school.” For example, McKenney arranges the camera feeds from the second floor in a horizontal sequence that allows him to track someone walking down the hall from one camera’s field of view to another. The NVR gives users the flexibility to organize the viewing mosaic by camera number, name or location. The VMS also time stamps recorded video to speed archive retrieval in an investigation. Administrators can copy video clips to CD for law enforcement or their own files, as well as print still images of a particular frame. Other features that the district has found especially useful include setting pan/tilt/zoom cameras on tour duty to rotate at specific intervals to cover high-traffic areas like the school parking lots. “The nice feature of the network video recorder is that we can program the cameras to automatically return to guard tour if someone temporarily interrupts the rotation to look at an event in progress,” shares Dr. Bob Pease, K-12 instructional technology specialist for Manchester Public Schools.
DISTRICT SOON TO ADOPT MEGAPIXEL TECHNOLOGY As funds become available, the Manchester school district is looking to upgrade its NVR to IPVideo’s more feature-rich Sentry VMS video management system. Among the enhancements they’re looking to implement are mapping, browser-based client, advanced compression technology and motion-sensor recording to affordably extend archiving from seven to 31 days. In addition, the district is looking to support an upgrade to megapixel cameras and implement more sophisticated archival searching. “We’d like to be able to do things like put a box around graffiti on a wall and have the VMS search the video to determine when that graffiti appeared and who put it there,” says McKenney. “It’ll be a really useful tool when someone denies they were involved. We’ll be able to quickly pull up the video record, and show them that we know they were there and we have proof they aren’t telling the truth.” STEVE SLEICHER is the chief operating officer for IPVideo Corp. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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feature
officer safety
your search? Use a method or technique that meets three key objectives: safe, effective and expedient. By safe, I mean that which exposes you to the minimal amount of risk. By effective, I mean that which affords the best opportunity to find what you are looking for. By expedient, I mean simple and quick, though not at the expense of safety or effectiveness. Your chosen method should facilitate not only a safe and effective search, but also other force options such as control holds, take-down techniques and handcuffing. Although I normally refrain from offering a “best” or “safest” technique, pat searching will be my exception. I will explain three critical components of the search technique and why these are so important to your safety.
THE SEARCH
SAFE SEARCHING:
THE STANDING BASIC SEARCH Conducting effective pat-downs is an essential skill that deserves more attention in training. By Sgt. James Harbison
S
earching people in a standing position is something deputies and campus officers do often. We search people in a variety of situations and legal circumstances. But for the purpose of this article, I am going to focus on what is commonly referred to as a pat search or Terry search for weapons. As far as officer safety skills are concerned, I believe pat search techniques to be one of the most critical skills given too little emphasis in training and therefore worthy of analysis.
4 IN 5 ATTACKS INVOLVE PERSONAL WEAPONS Searching people in the field for readily accessible weapons is a tactical necessity to keep us safe. It is also a high frequency activity. When analyzing the risk, it’s im48
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portant to pay attention to what happens to law enforcement officers when we are attacked. According to the 2009 edition of the FBI’s Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, 81.4 percent of the 590,507 officers assaulted in 2009 were attacked by an assailant using personal weapons (e.g. hands, fists or feet), resulting in the highest percentage of injuries to the officers. This statistic is consistent with the FBI statistics from the previous 10 years, and therefore a fairly reliable indicator of future trends. How does this fit within the context of a pat search? If you think about it, in order to attack an officer with personal weapons, the suspect must be close enough to strike or grapple, the same distance you are at when you search a person. So how can you protect yourself when you do
The technique I am presenting is referred to simply as the Standing Basic Search. Control is the primary issue in conducting a safe search. The Standing Basic Search represents the minimal level of control you are willing to establish over a person while searching him or her. Focusing on the Standing Basic Search, there are three keys to control: • POSITION THE BODY: Because we are innately geared toward forward movement, most aggressors, whether formally trained or not, will attack in a forward direction. Therefore, you are safer positioning yourself behind the person, rather than in front. Positioning yourself behind does not preclude a rearward attack (e.g. a rear kick or rear elbow), but combined with the remaining two keys to control, greatly reduces a suspect’s ability to attack you effectively. Stance is also a factor in positioning. Since you search with your hands, you must be close enough to touch the areas you intend to search. In the Standing Basic Search, you will stand with your gun leg back in a balanced and bladed stance. This stance gives you the ability to create some space between your gun and the person you are searching. It also provides a platform for mobility and appropriate defensive reactions. • LIMIT THE MOBILITY: Once you are behind the person, you want to limit his mobility. To do that, you have him widen his stance. The amount varies, because this part of the technique is also used to offset a disparity in height between a taller person and a shorter officer. Even if there is minimal height disparity, you want to have the suspect widen his stance because this adversely affects or limits his mobility. To initiate movement from a widwww.campussafetymagazine.com
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ened stance (such as lunging forward or turning around preparatory to attack) the human body will instinctively move one or both legs toward its centerline. This movement creates more time for you to perceive resistance and react appropriately. In combative situations, fractions of a second can mean the difference between an advantage and a disadvantage. • CONTROL THE HANDS: Of the personal weapons aggressors can use to hurt you, their hands should be your greatest concern. A suspect’s hands can be used to strike, grab, choke and manipulate weap-
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ons. Are you better off controlling one or both hands? Controlling only one hand leaves the other hand free to assault you or manipulate a weapon. Therefore, you should control both hands. One way some officers attempt to do this is to have the person place his or her hands on a stationary object, such as a wall or the hood of a car. However, this does not control the hands, it merely isolates them. Worse, this gives him or her two more points of stability and balance from which to initiate an attack. Another common method is to have the
person place his hands in the small of his back. A variety of methods can be used to grab and hold both of the suspect’s hands from this position. Although better than the first example, this method is not the optimal way to control the hands, for three very important reasons.
DON’T ALLOW WAISTBAND ACCESS First, knowing what you know about where people are most likely to conceal weapons (I’ll call them “hot zones”), I’m sure you’ll agree the waistband (front and rear) is at or near the top of the list.
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Proper Technique Now let’s look at how to properly execute the Standing Basic Search. 1 The first step is to have the person place his hands behind his head, with fingers interlocked. 2 Next, have him turn away from you or maneuver behind him. From a bladed stance, safely close the distance and use your lead (non-dominant) hand to grip his hands. 3 The grip is important: start from the top (pinky fingers) and establish a firm grip, using your thumb to “lace up” his fingers. 4 Make sure you anchor the hands to the base of the skull by exerting downward force. Maintaining your gun leg back, use your free hand to thoroughly and systemat-
ically search the readily accessible areas on the matching side of the subject’s body (right hand searches person’s right body half). If this is a search where it is legally permissible to reach into the pockets (e.g. a parole search), you can easily do so from this position. 5 Once you’ve completed one half of the subject’s body, switch the gripping hands. 6 Search the other half, again using the matching hand. Notice your stance does not change. Depending on the size of the person you are searching, you may have to shuffle step in the direction of the second half prior to searching, but your gun leg stays back.
7 When you complete your search, place your free hand on the upper back of the person and shuffle step back before further directing the subject’s movement. Depending on the size of the officer versus the size of the person being searched, the downward limit of this search technique is about at the area on the person’s legs where “cargo” pockets would be. Under most circumstances, the lower legs are not considered readily accessible areas. However, if you are concerned about those areas and you are legally justified, they should be searched using a technique that meets the same three criteria discussed here. JUNE/JULY 2011
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officer safety
When you have to overcome resistant or combative behavior, you can much more effectively control the person’s body by breaking his vertical plane backward, rather than forward. This is most easily accomplished when the hands are linked to the head rather than the waist. This makes instructing someone to put his hands at the small of his back a risky proposition. Considering human perception and reaction times, you are placing yourself at a tactical disadvantage by giving the person an opportunity to “comply” with your request by moving his or her hands toward the waistband, a primary “hot zone.” If you told him to do it, you must allow that movement. How quickly can you distinguish between a person who is compliant, and one who is moving toward a “hot zone,” intending to arm himself? How quickly can you react to the threat? Use a training gun or training knife, and work through some scenarios; you’ll see what I mean. Next, if you agree the rear waistband is one of the high-risk “hot zones,” you should avoid obscuring that area with the person’s hands. Although proponents of controlling the hands in this location claim they adequately search the rear waistband area, when I make observations in the field, I see just the opposite. Thirdly, once you have a hold of the person’s hands, you can use this connection to your advantage should you need to overcome resistant or combative behavior. How much control can you affect over the person with his hands behind his back at waist level? Some, but not as much as you might think. Advocates of this hand control position suggest disengaging from the person by shoving him forward. As I mentioned before, you are innately wired for forward movement. Throughout our lives, we crawl, walk, run and stumble forward. Our central nervous systems develop an orientation bias toward forward movement. We become adept at recovering our balance moving forward, but not backward. An aggressor’s ability to recover his balance directly corresponds to her ability to re-initiate an attack. You can use this to your advantage, controlling an aggressor’s balance by breaking his vertical plane in a backward direction, rather than forward. To do this most effectively, the subject’s hands should not be at waist level.
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The optimal way to safely and effectively address all three concerns − positioning the body, limiting the mobility, controlling the hands − is to have the person place his hands behind his head. Why?
When was the last time you encountered a person who had a gun, knife, hammer or other dangerous weapon attached to his or her head? As a practical matter, the odds of a person effectively concealing a dangerous weapon there are quite small. Therefore, you can direct a subject’s hands toward his head with minimal concern about distinguishing between compliance and arming. If you agree with that, then you can also agree that with this method you need not be concerned about obscuring a highrisk area to be searched. If you direct the person’s hands to the back of his head, and instead he reaches for his waistband, you now have noncompliance, which is more easily identified. There’s your “red flag,” calling you to action. Lastly, when you have to overcome resistant or combative behavior, you can much more effectively control the person’s body by breaking his vertical plane backward, rather than forward. This is most easily accomplished when the hands are linked to the head rather than the waist. There are three simple and effective takedown techniques from the Standing Basic Search position, which are a topic for another day.
SIMPLE YET EFFECTIVE The Standing Basic Search offers a simple yet effective way to efficiently and safely conduct a pat-down search. By using the Standing Basic Search, you establish hand and body control of the person you are searching with a minimal amount of labor. Should you feel the need to gain more control over the person you are searching, you can escalate to a Standing Modified Search or a High-Risk Kneeling Search, both of which are topics for another discussion at another time. Whether you adopt the Standing Basic Search technique or not, consider all the risk factors involved in searching people, and process those in ways that make sense to you so that your searches will be safe and effective. SGT. JAMES HARBISON is the Basic Academy Coordinator at the Contra Costa County (Calif.) Office of the Sheriff Law Enforcement Training Center, where he teaches defensive tactics and physical fitness. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
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6/6/11 8:37:02 AM 2/22/11 CS0611siemenswebinar.i 2:05:13 PM
UNCLOUDING THE CLERY ACT: FAILURE TO COMPLY CAN BE COSTLY Brought to you by
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Learn how to leverage available technologies and best practices to adapt to this new legislation In February 2011, the US Dept. of Education released the new Handbook for Campus Safety and Security Reporting. It covers the new amendments to the Jeanne Clery Act and reporting guidelines. Listen to S. Daniel Carter, Director of Public Policy for Security on Campus, unpack the cloudy areas of the Clery Act including: • Emergency notifications and timely warnings – Alerting your community • Daily Crime Log – Recording crimes to campus police or security personnel • Annual Security Report – Publishing policy statements and crime statistics • Fire Reporting – Classifying and reporting fire statistics
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SAFETY ZONE
Responding During High Stress, Time Compressed Situations Here are some proven techniques that will ensure campus staff will act appropriately and quickly during an emergency.
O
By Michael Dorn An internationally recognized authority on campus safety and author of 19 books on the topic, Michael Dorn is the senior public safety and emergency management analyst for Jane’s Consultancy. Dorn, a member of the Campus Safety Advisory Council, works with a team of campus safety experts to make campuses safer around the globe through Jane’s offices in nine countries. He can be reached at schoolsafety@jhotmail.com Check out Dorn’s podcast on the topic at www.CampusSafetyMagazine. com/Blog
ne critical aspect of campus crisis planning and preparedness efforts is how various staff will be able to apply preparedness concepts under extreme stress. It is easy and common for campus organizations to develop comprehensive and detailed plans that won’t work very well during major crisis events due to simple yet serious gaps. For example, if a receptionist or secretary has to summon an administrator for guidance via telephone or portable radio during the first critical 10 to 30 seconds of an emergency, an opportunity to implement protective actions quickly enough may be lost. Front office staff should be fully trained and empowered to call 9-1-1 and implement a lockdown or shelter in place actions for themselves, other employees, students and visitors in the immediate area without first calling anyone to get permission. In the time it would take to call an administrator on a radio, tell them what is happening and receive instructions, an aggressor might be able to enter the office and attack people. Other types of crises can spiral out of control as precious time is lost. In controlled simulations with hundreds of school employees from around the nation, our analysts have found that most school employees routinely forget on average at least one life-
Photo by Rachel Wilson, Safe Havens International Inc.
A teacher in Lincoln County, Ore., grabs his emergency evacuation kit as he moves students out of room following an earthquake drill. His district utilizes a series of more than 30 short training videos to teach staff and students how they can apply the district’s emergency protocols under a variety of field conditions.
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Utilize a thoughtful array of drills, such as reverse evacuation, shelter in place, severe weather sheltering, earthquake sheltering, lockdown and fire evacuation. saving action step, such as calling 9-1-1, implementing a lockdown, activating the fire alarm or other life-protective actions. One assessed district reports that they spent more than a million dollars on a Web-based emergency management system, but none of their participating building administrators were able to name all the necessary action steps for moderately difficult scenarios, such as an angry parent brandishing a knife. Fortunately, there are a variety of concepts that have been found to significantly improve the ability of campus personnel to think quickly and effectively under the extreme stress of a crisis. These include: • Utilization of role-specific integrated emergency plan concept • Use of printed plan components rather than reliance on systems that are totally Web based • Properly designed video and Web-based training modules of short but intense structure • The use of controlled breathing and visualization techniques to lower heart rate and improve cognitive reasoning skills under stress • Relevant training that requires participants to practice the action steps that need to be taken by staff in the first 30 to 60 seconds of a crisis • Utilization of a thoughtful array of drills, such as reverse evacuation, shelter in place, severe weather sheltering, earthquake sheltering, lockdown and fire evacuation. These simple yet powerful concepts can dramatically improve the ability of staff to perform under time pressure and the stress of an emergency. While no preparedness measures can ensure that all staff will perform correctly under every conceivable situation, these approaches can yield massive improvements for most employees under most conditions. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
CampusSafetyMagazine.com
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TECH BOOT CAMP
Public safety experts from Arizona State, Florida Atlantic University and Cleveland State have installed turnstiles to improve access control. By Beverly Chamberlain
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urnstiles can be an effective deterrent against unwanted guests in campus buildings. The most effective turnstile must allow for tailgate‐free responsiveness so they allow only authorized students and staff access to facilities; fast throughput; heavy‐duty usage; accurate monitoring; and non‐entrapment. The turnstiles should also look good, fit in with the environment and not be intimidating. After all, a university is an institution of learning, not a prison. A turnstile won’t stop everything bad from happening. But in thousands of little ways, turnstiles do prevent potential incidents from happening to college students every day. And they do it in ways we may never have considered. So, with turnstiles popping‐ up — quite literally — around campuses everywhere, now is a good time to investigate how they’re being used, what makes a good one and the benefits that turnstiles offer. I spoke with campus safety experts at three universities currently utilizing these solutions to learn more about their benefits.
CHOOSE EQUIPMENT THAT DETECTS TAILGATING Nate Fish, director of operations at Taylor Place, Arizona State University’s (ASU) residential community, offered interesting insight as to how to integrate turnstiles into an overall security system. “Turnstiles are the first line of defense,” he says. “They aren’t a standalone solution. If someone wants to, they can just hop over them. However, if they do hop over, the guard is going to notice them right away and stop them before they gain access to the apartments.” Fish firmly believes that his optical turnstiles help stop people from sneaking in. “They do deter people because, like with a car, if you’re going to break in, you choose the easiest target,” he says. He chose Smarter Security Systems’ turnstiles, which detect tailgaters at a close distance. And with their accuracy, as he puts it, “If someone tries to tailgate with these, they probably should be married.” In addition to being sturdy and reliable, turnstiles must be
At Arizona State University’s Taylor Place residence hall, authorities know if an access card is swiped more than once every minute.
Photo courtesy Smarter Security
How Turnstiles Can Protect Your Campus
aesthetically pleasing to the eye. Dax Kuykendall, assistant director of facilities at Florida Atlantic University’s recreation center explains, “Our center is very modern looking. The design is all about clean lines and stainless steel.” According to Kuykendall, the turnstiles they chose “fit in perfectly with the architect’s vision of the overall facility.”
TURN UP THE VOLUME WITH ALARMS When all is said and done, turnstiles are about security. “Universities will have to start locking‐down in order to protect their most important assets — students,” says Ken Murphy, director of security at Cleveland State University. “Parents are selecting schools based on safety and security.” With three other universities in the Cleveland area, Cleveland State has a lot of competition. So, when planning for the construction of their new housing project — Euclid Commons — security was a top priority. The campus installed 80 cameras along with access control. While turnstiles were not included in the building during the design phase, Murphy convinced university administration to invest in them because they offered a physical barrier (an impediment, not a trap). He says that while they used to have guards monitoring the entrance along with a sign‐in policy, they had their fair share of kids who would circumvent the process. The turnstiles have completely eliminated the possibility of getting through unaccounted for now. Overall, Murphy is very happy with his turnstile. One of his only complaints, if you can call it that, is that the audible alarms weren’t “obnoxious enough.” They were too quiet, so Ken made them “scream” in order to make them clearly sound like alerts to the security officer posted near the entrance. After all, each and every one of the professionals at the colleges I spoke with agreed that while turnstiles have greatly improved security in their buildings, there still is no substitute to manning entrances with security personnel. But at more and more campuses across the United States, optical turnstiles are becoming the first line of defense in protecting our kids. —Beverly Chamberlain is a freelance writer.
Audit Trails Identify At-Risk Individuals ANOTHER BENEFIT of having turnstiles on campus is that they can be integrated with access control software. ASU’s Nate Fish points out that with monitoring software, the residential community can coordinate with ASU officials to determine whether or not a student is at‐risk. “If a professor notices that a student hasn’t been to class recently, we can check and see when and if he’s been to his apartment,” says the director. “If he has been up there but not attending class, counselors
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can then contact the student to determine whether or not there’s something serious, emotionally or otherwise, going on with him. If he hasn’t been up to the room at all, we can alert the proper people.” ASU uses what is commonly called an audit trail, and many universities are finding that turnstiles are invaluable in that regard. At Taylor Place, for instance, authorities know if an access card is swiped more than once every minute. This is an indication that a student is allowing more than
himself into the restricted facility. If that’s the case, software can be reprogrammed to allow only one pass every two or three minutes per card. This is not to say, however, that turnstiles shouldn’t be able to handle a lot of traffic. In fact, Taylor Place happens to be in the center of ASU’s downtown Phoenix location. So the students are always coming and going between classes. According to Fish, his turnstiles have almost non‐stop usage yet require minimal maintenance. www.campussafetymagazine.com
6/6/11 8:40:49 AM
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AS I SEE IT
Adopting Appropriate Policies for Screening Volunteers Explaining the details of a policy will ensure more volunteers will feel comfortable in completing the forms required for background checks.
Scott Huse is the CIO for Schools And Families Engaged, LLC. Their S.A.F.E. TEAM program is a school-based volunteer program actively engaging families and the community to serve one day all day to support personal responsibility, safety and education on campus. He can be reached at cio@thesafeteam.com or (630) 427-4993 ext. 3.
If you are going to conduct background checks, fully commit, be consistent and do it well so that you can establish a precedent.
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ver my 12 years of working with family and community volunteers to support safe school environments, the question inevitably comes up, “Do the volunteers at our school receive background checks before they are allowed to participate?” The answer to this question lies at the district level and sometimes at the state level, but it is implemented/enforced at the school level. Some states mandate background checks, though I have seen several schools/districts that do not comply with the policy. Experience shows us that less than 25 percent of schools/districts conduct background checks on their volunteers. I am not writing this article to pass judgment. The reality is, good people do bad things, bad people do good things and some people have never been caught. How good is a background check if they have never been caught? Despite this challenge, volunteers are an essential element to support the educational process within any school. The district needs to determine which volunteers must be screened. Will it be all volunteers (home room moms/dads, school-related event support, etc.), or will it only be volunteers who serve multiple days at the school (coaches, one-to-one mentoring, community volunteers without students in the district, etc.)? The district must resolve this decision first before moving forward in writing its policy. The goal is to attract qualified volunteers. Knowing this, the school district’s policy needs to be communicated effectively so individuals will complete the background check form. Here are the details that should be listed within the policy for an individual to feel confident in completing the form: • List the volunteer roles that require a background check form to be completed. Not all roles may need to complete the form. • Agencies conducting the review: Prospective volunteers want to know their information is protected and will be reviewed by authorized personnel only (local police department, state police, etc.). • Explain the cost and who covers the cost. Is it shared between the school/district and the individual? Due to local relationships between police departments and school districts, costs are often waived. This also depends on the extent of the background check and time needed for the individual reviews. • Describe the offenses or health issues that are reasons for rejection. This is the sticky part JUNE/JULY 2011
for many school districts when writing their policy. How do you define acceptable/unacceptable behavior? Do you draw a hardline by stating if you have a felony, you can’t volunteer? Health is listed because at least one state’s policy requires all volunteers to pass a Hepatitis C screening. • How many years back will be reviewed? To increase the number of potential volunteers, will you put a time limit? Forty year-old parents who had history when they were in their late teens and early twenties may need a reprieve so they can be rewarded for their positive decisions and committing to their family and children’s education. • Ensure confidentiality: Once the background check form is filled out by the individual, it should be sealed in an envelope until it is opened by the agency conducting the check. Only a pre-determined administration team will have access to the form. • Describe how long it will take for the applicant be notified of the decision. Will the individual receive a phone call, letter, E-mail, etc.? Will it be a pass/fail letter only, or will it provide a reason for a rejection? • Describe how often the background check will be conducted. Any background check is only as good as of the date the report was pulled. Every 24 hours following, the credibility diminishes. Some districts require checks every two years on volunteers. It is difficult for me to consider a once- or twice-a-year check as a credible policy. Innovative schools have electronic check-in ID tag systems that will do a full background check or at the very least scan the sex offender registry each day the volunteer supports the school. If you are going to conduct background checks, fully commit, be consistent and do it well so that you can establish a precedent. For those schools that choose not to conduct volunteer background checks, be certain to approve each volunteer by confirming their connection to your school. Also make sure your volunteers are highly visible/recognizable and in public view to support good decision-making and accountability during their designated time/role. Finally, each volunteer needs to be trained and have a reason for serving at the school. If there is not a need for the volunteer, they need to leave the campus. For additional coverage of this and other healthcare and educational safety and security topics, visit
CampusSafetyMagazine.com
www.campussafetymagazine.com
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TECHNOLOGY AT WORK
1 1 / Lake Forest High Installs Megapixel Cameras Lake Forest High School near Chicago has installed 89 Arecont Vision cameras, including an assortment of 1.3-megapixel and 3-megapixel single sensor cameras as well as panoramic cameras. The cameras send digital video signals across the school’s IT infrastructure to two servers running network video recorder (NVR) software supplied by Exacq Technologies. The school’s megapixel camera system has resolved many security issues - from theft to vandalism - and has assisted with various non-security issues. For example, megapixel video helps administrators monitor and adjust traffic patterns as parents and buses arrive and depart from the campus. The collaboration between Arecont Vision and Exacq Technologies ensures interoperability of Arecont Vision’s megapixel cameras with the Exacq Vision NVR platform. Video images at the school are stored on two 15-terabyte servers. For situations needing higher resolution images, Lake Forest High School utilizes the Arecont Vision AV3100 3-megapixel camera offering 2048x1536-pixel images and light sensitivity to 0.2 lux at f1.4. Lake Forest High School also uses the 180-degree panoramic Arecont Vision AV8180 8-megapixel camera.
2 / Mansfield U. Integrates Access, Video, 1-Card System Mansfield University in Pennsylvania partnered with Blackboard Inc. and Axis to integrate the school’s one-card system with residence hall access control and fixed dome network cameras installed above entryways. As a result, university administrators have restored security to the halls without compromising the privacy of its residents. Each residence hall director is authorized to monitor video as-
2 sociated with his or her building. Campus police actively monitor all the cameras at all four residence halls using the Blackboard Video Surveillance solution. By linking video surveillance and key card access, campus security and residence hall directors can see who might be propping doors open – unwittingly creating an opening for an opportunistic intruder. When the cameras are triggered by movement or audio, residence life administrators are alerted to the live feed and address the immediate problem. If the issue persists, they can search for archived video using the Blackboard Video Surveillance solution to identify repeat offenders and consider disciplinary action. Mansfield police have even used a video timeline to search archives for possible vandalism suspects. In one instance, the video helped campus personnel identify a student threatening self-harm and prevent a tragic outcome.
3 / Columbia College Implements Critical Information Management System Columbia College in Columbia, S.C., has chosen NaviGate by Lauren Innovations as a clearinghouse source for all of its critical information. Starting with a plan to map out the campus building by building, Columbia will provide floor-by-floor documentation for each building on campus with accompanying GPS coordinates and documentation. The NaviGate system will also aid in better management of continuing education for staff, document management for the science and facilities department, as well as incident tracking and reporting across campus. The school’s project will begin with mapping out its floor plans electronically and annotating all emergency access areas (e.g., call boxes, fire extinguishers, emergency exits). Columbia just
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4 went through EPA Compliance audits, and the NaviGate system is a must for these departments. Columbia will also be annotating all hazardous material areas along with their associated Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). Any information can be tied into a facility’s floor plans; once the plans are scanned or uploaded, annotation begins. In addition to emergency access areas on a floor plan, NaviGate can link to documents that are housed in the secure document management system, live camera links, or stored video with training procedures as specific as how to turn on the emergency generators. With the new solution, campus administrators can access all of the latest National Incident Management System (NIMS) requirements directly from the system as well as track any incident on campus, with the floor plan pinmapping capabilities. Columbia will also be using the learning management module to help the campus keep up with its annual testing requirements for criteria such as bloodborne pathogens, criminal and domestic violence issues, legal updates and other emergency management procedures.
4 / Washington College Expands 2-Way Radio Coverage Maryland’s Washington College
has deployed MOTOTRBO digital two-way radios to increase coverage throughout the buildings on campus and into the basements. The radios provide features like enhanced call signaling, privacyscrambling and transmit interrupt, which enables campus public safety officers and dispatch to prioritize critical communication over lower priority voice traffic in the event of an emergency. MOTOTRBO has virtually eliminated coverage gaps throughout the campus, allowing campus public safety officers to communicate whether they are outside on the grounds, inside the buildings or down in the basements. The solution also gives the school a shared channel with the local hospital, police and fire services, and the 9-1-1 center. Other campus departments are also using the radios, including building and grounds (B&G) and the athletics department. Washington College has deployed two MOTOTRBO repeaters atop an existing campus cell tower to provide extended coverage. Now the radios’ range extends beyond the campus to the river over a mile away, where the college’s sailing and rowing teams practice and hold events. MOTOTRBO control stations are deployed for dispatch in the security office, as well as in the B&G office, allowing B&G to dispatch their own work crews.
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INDUSTRY EVENT
FROM VIDEO MEASUREMENT TO ACTIVE SHOOTERS AND BEYOND;
ASIS 2011 EXPLORES THREATS TO CAMPUS SECURITY AND SOLUTIONS
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This year’s ASIS education program will offer more than 180 education sessions.
ore than 20,000 security professionals are expected to attend the ASIS International 57th Annual Seminar and Exhibits (ASIS 2011) Sept. 19-22 at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, Fla. This year’s education program will offer more than 180 education sessions spanning 18 tracks and four days. Featured sessions target the challenges and threats faced by security directors and managers on hospital, school and university campuses across the United States and around the world. Since no campus is immune to risk and no one can anticipate what will happen tomorrow, next month or next year, it is critical to be prepared with the knowledge, tools and techniques required to prevent and mitigate risk.
Oren Alter, associate vice chancellor of Crisis Management at Keiser University will share the benefits of implementing a proactive, pragmatic and realistic crisis management program in a multi-campus organization. He’ll highlight the use of a “Crisis Response Team.” Other sessions will address active shooters. One in particular, lead by Circus Circus Director of Security Darrell Clifton, CPP, will explore commonalities in mass shooter incidents from Columbine to Fort Hood to Tucson. “Attendees will learn to identify the visible signs of violence, how to create policies to keep teachers and students safe, and how to react in the event of an active shooter at their facility,” notes Clifton, who
believes clues to a potential shooter’s past allow practitioners to predict their future and take action before they strike. “Almost every shooter has a pattern of behavior that, if it had been recognized or acted upon, would have saved lives.” William Badertscher, CPP, senior engineer for facility and security control systems at Georgetown University will join panelists including Larry Flournoy, associate director at Texas A&M University, for a discussion of “Video Quality in Public Safety: First Responder Case Studies.” Attendees of this session will gain insight into measuring video quality and selecting solutions. A new partnership with (ISC)2 (“ISCsquared”) further broadens the scope
of the educational program and opens valuable new networking opportunities. (ISC)2, the largest not-for-profit membership body of certified information security professionals and administrators of the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), will co-locate its first global conference with the ASIS Annual Seminar and Exhibits at the Orange County Convention Center from Sept. 1921. The annual event will bring together world-renowned information security thought leaders and luminaries for discussions on a wide range of information security issues. General education sessions, networking events, and the exhibit floor are open to registered attendees for either event.
THIS YEAR’S SEMINAR FEATURES fascinating keynote speakers, including former Governor of Florida Jeb Bush (on Tuesday, Sept. 20 at 8 a.m.) and former President of Mexico Vicente Fox (on Wednesday, Sept. 21 at 8 a.m.). Entrepreneur and visionary Burt Rutan will address attendees at the closing luncheon. As the 43rd Governor of the state of Florida, Bush’s achievements include education reform, closing the achievement gap for Florida students, and yearly tax cuts, which helped Florida lead the nation in job growth. Co-author of Profiles in Character, a book profiling 14 of Florida’s civic heroes, he currently heads his own consulting business and is chairman of the Foundation for Excellence in Education. A visionary leader with a deep understanding of the economic and social challenges facing Latin America, President Fox is one of the world’s most important voices on the contemporary geopolitical landscape and the role of business in the developing world. In his autobiography, Revolution of Hope, President Fox outlines his vision of hope for the future of the Americas and the role of business in the developing world. Entrepreneur and designer Burt Rutan will address attendees at the closing luncheon. Named “Entrepreneur of the Year” by Inc. 62
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Magazine and described by Newsweek as “the man responsible for more innovations in modern aviation than any living engineer,” Mr. Rutan is a visionary with a passion for the advancement of technology. Recent projects include the White Knight and SpaceShipOne, the world’s first privately-funded manned spacecraft. Attendees will have an opportunity to prepare for professional certification in the days preceding the seminar in Orlando. ASIS certification reviews will be offered Sept. 16-17 for the Certified Protection Professional (CPP), Professional Certified Investigator (PCI), and Physical Security Professional (PSP) examinations. On Sept. 17-18, a series of (ISC)2 credential clinics are scheduled (CISSP, CSSLP, CAP, and SSCP), as well as an official two-day review seminar for both CSSLP and CISSP. Registration information is available at www.asis2011.org. Join ASIS now and receive a $100 education credit. Learn more at www.asisonline.org/joinnow. www.campussafetymagazine.com
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE
GVI Security VideoPLUS GVI Security’s videoPLUS™ analog CCTV line features a complete family of cameras including box, dome, bullet and PTZ’s, professional monitors and real time CIF and D1 DVRs. All of the camera configurations offer 650 TVL of resolution, true WDR, Day/Night performance and 3D noise reduction. The DVRs feature H.264 compression, full real time recording, HDMI output for easy connection, high resolution displays, built-in Web viewer and iPhone support. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16400
OnGuard Mobile Monitoring
Secura Key Dual-Technology Proximity Reader Secura Key of Chatsworth, Calif., launches the RKDT dualtechnology proximity standalone mullion reader. The RKDT-SA-M is weatherproof and controls up to 65,000 cards. It can also be converted to a Wiegand output reader, which allows the user to upgrade to a larger system. The product reads the company’s Radio Key proximity cards, plus HID 26-bit proximity cards. The units provide single-door access control with timed antipassback, and no external control panel is required. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/ FREEInfo/16401
Previously available only on BlackBerry® smartphones, Lenel Systems International’s latest release of the OnGuard Mobile Monitoring application now supports the Android®, Windows® 7, iPad®, iPhone® smartphones and other wireless devices. The application equips security personnel with alarm monitoring capabilities anywhere data-capable wireless connection (Wi-Fi or cellular) is available. While patrolling, guards can review and receive alarms, as well as run reports against user transactions logged by the mobile devices.
Code Blue IP5000 Full Duplex Emergency Speakerphone The IP5000 full duplex emergency speakerphone technology from Code Blue includes user programming capabilities, reliability, vandal resistance, auxiliary functions, fault monitoring and reporting, and a public address system. It is designed to be compatible with Code Blue’s Blue Alert mass notification system over the wired or wireless network, simplifying installation and existing system retrofitting. Blue Alert allows flexibility in announcement delivery by providing text-to-speech, live broadcast, pre-recorded messages and warning tone options, as well as announcement repeat and scheduling features. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16403
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Software House C•CURE 9000 Enterprise Software Software House of Westford, Mass., a Tyco Security Products company, releases the C•CURE 9000 Enterprise access control software. The product allows users to manage their entire enterprise from a central location. It also connects multiple sites through a central server that houses a master database. All database information, including cardholder and access control information, is sent to the central server for streamlined data synchronization. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16404
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE
Axis M50 HDTV P/T/Z Camera Axis Communications of Chelmsford, Mass., unveils the M50 Series pan/tilt/zoom (p/t/z) dome network cameras. Only 5.1 inches wide and 2.2 inches high, the IP51rated cameras provide high-quality 360° surveillance with HDTV 720p resolution. A built-in microphone also enables audio detection that monitors for unusual noises during off-hours to trigger a security alarm that is sent to the business owner and/or security personnel. The cameras are powered using power over Ethernet (PoE IEEE 802.3af) and can deliver multiple, individually configurable H.264 and Motion JPEG video streams simultaneously. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16405
Norton Door Controls 5900 Series X-in Door Operator
Panasonic i-PRO SmartHD Network Disk Recorder Panasonic Systems Networks of Secaucus, N.J., presents the i-PRO WJ-NV200 SmartHD network disk recorder. It records up to 16 Panasonic network cameras and provides a real-time face matching function to match registered face images with live video. Face matching alarms include E-mail, notification, Panasonic system alarm output, a terminal output, buzzer or indicator. Additionally, the unit employs H.264, MPEG-4 and JPEG compression to simultaneously display live and recorded images.
Norton Door Controls of Monroe, N.C., an ASSA ABLOY company, introduces the 5900 Series X-in low-energy door operator. The UL325-certified operator combines one-touch programming with the ability to calibrate door weight, latch and sweep speeds and positioning based on ADA and ANSI standards. Featuring a lock circuit retry, the product will reverse 10˚ and try again if the door fails to close initially. It also offers a power handle for increased latching power. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16409
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Moog QuickSet CR Pan and Tilt Positioner Moog QuickSet of Northbrook, Ill., announces the QPT-20 ICMS CR pan and tilt positioner camera mount. Featuring cast aluminum housing, the product utilizes the company’s Stepper Sentry motor for wide, dynamic speed control, quick target acquisition and slow speed tracking. It can handle payloads up to 20 pounds/foot at specified rotation speeds. The digital serial/Ethernet control units communicate via a network interface. The product also provides 360˚ continuous pan rotation. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16407
Zenitel Stentofon AlphaCom XE Audio Servers Zenitel USA of Kansas City, Mo., offers its Stentofon AlphaCom XE Series audio servers. The critical communication over IP (CCoIP) processor boards provide increased audio bandwidth, the company says. Utilizing true IP audio edge devices, such as IP masters, IP substations and SIP stations, the products provide high definition voice, active noise cancellation, adaptive jitter buffering, and an integrated managed switch with advanced networking and security functions (VLAN, IEEE 802.1X). Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16408
G t Map-Based Genetec M B d Command C d andd Control Feature Montreal-based Genetec’s Plan Manager is an interactive map-based command and control feature. Plan Manager allows operators to create and integrate maps of their unique environments into video surveillance systems. Users can click on any point on the map where they want to view the video. Additionally, alarms can be positioned throughout the map. When an alarm is triggered in the company’s Omnicast IP video surveillance system, the map will automatically center on the alarm zone where then operators can acknowledge the alarm in Omnicast or click directly on the flashing area. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16410
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RF IDeas HIPAA Complaint Readers RF IDeas has provided a full line of proximity and contactless HIPAA complaint readers and devices to keep hospitals on top of their HIPAA compliance requirements. The pcProx® Sonar, pcProx® Enroll, pcProx® 82 Series, AIR ID® Enroll and AIR ID® Playback all offer the technologies necessary to meet and enhance HIPAA requirements. They have the ability to integrate with software applications to allow for two-factor authentication and reduced processing time in healthcare environments utilizing Single-Sign-On solutions. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16411
Potter Electric Fire Panels Potter Electric Signal Company, LLC has released a new line of fire panels with a full complement of modules, detectors, notification devices and voice evacuation systems. This new suite of systems features advanced technology such as system-wide synchronization, Ethernet connection and E-mail communication capability. E-mail communication capability allows the status events of the panel to be immediately E-mailed, and panel configuration software allows the user to fine-tune device behavior characteristics or create mapping zones. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16412
Magna Magnalight Trailer Hitch Mounted HID Li Light Tower The H HIDTH-66X2-70W is a new addition to the Larson Electronics additio Magnalight line of portable and Magna mobile HID work area lighting solutions. It is ideal for illuminating large work sspaces and produces a 12,600 lumen floodlight beam. This extendable u unit contains dual 70 watt HID lamp heads h and incorporates an adjustable trailer hitch mounting system justab that ut utilizes the weight of the vehicle to crea create a stable and highly mobile mounting platform for tower setup in mount high w winds and inclement conditions.
Double-Barreled TASER X2 ECD TASER International Inc.’s TASER X2 handheld electronic control device (ECD) is a compact, cost-effective alternative to the X26. The TASER X2 features a second shot for instant-miss recovery, dual lasers for improved accuracy, an enhanced power magazine enabling more than 500 firings and a warning arc to help keep conflicts from escalating. Additional features of the X2 include semi-automatic back-up shot capability for multiple targets, improved weather resistance and self-diagnosis features. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16415
Need FR FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/ www.ca FREEInfo/16413 FREEInf
Tait TP TP8100 Tait Ra Radio Communications’ TP8100 portable is developed to mee meet the harshest environments, including drop tests that exceed the recognized MIL STD 810F military standards and IP67 w waterproofing. TP8100 builds upon Tait’s heritage of superior portable radios with a wide range of built-in features superio and op options, such as Lone-Worker, GPS and optional colored p panels. TP8100’s are the perfect complement to Tait’s conventional, simulcast and trunked radio networks for better conven campus-wide radio coverage. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16414
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TOOLS OF THE TRADE
LibertyTM Multiband Land Mobile Radio
WAVES High Power Speaker Array 7100 Series
Thales Communications Inc. announces that its LibertyTM Multiband Land Mobile Radio (LMR) has been certified to the Factory Mutual (FM) Approval Standard 3610:1988 for Intrinsic Safe equipment. Intrinsic Safe ensures that the radio can be operated in an explosive environment, that it will not trigger ignition in the presence of flammable or combustible material. The Liberty LMR is a softwaredefined, portable LMR that enables emergency responders to communicate with partner agencies, regardless of radio frequency band.
Cooper Notification has launched its latest Wide-Area Mass Notification System (MNS) solution. The WAVES High Power Speaker Array (HPSA) 7100 Series, which provides highly intelligible voice and tone announcements, can be integrated with an organization’s voice-capable Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) as well as Cooper Notification’s SAFEPATH®4 (SP40S) Voice Evacuation Systems and SAFEPATH Mass Notification Systems (SPMNS), providing a simple upgrade path to expand emergency communications coverage to outdoor areas.
Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16416
Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16417
Motorola XPR 4550 Display Mobile Radio Motorola’s XPR 4550 MOTOTRBO display mobile radio has a flexible, menudriven interface with user-friendly icons or two lines of text for ease of reading text messages and navigating through the menus. The multi-colored LED indicators allow for clear, visible feedback of calling, scanning, roaming and monitoring features. The radio also has a dual-mode analog and/or digital scan and mixed mode priority scan, which facilitates a smooth migration from analog to digital. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16418
Hand Reader Option for Morse Watchmans KeyWatcher
Arecont Vision D4S and D4F Series Dome Cameras
The HandKeyCR, manufactured by Schlage, is a hand geometry interface that can be integrated with any Morse Watchmans KeyWatcher® or KeyBank® system cabinets. The hand reader function provides additional security measures for accessing the cabinets and can be used in conjunction with the keypad or other access devices. The HandKeyCR matches the handprint to the template originally stored for that employee ID number. If there is a match, access is granted and the entry is recorded.
Arecont Vision’s new D4S and D4F Series of 4-inch indoor megapixel dome cameras are all-in-one indoor solutions. The series includes the Arecont Vision 1.3 megapixel 1080p, 3 megapixel or 5 megapixel compact cameras in surfacemount or in-ceiling-mount dome housings with 3.3-12mm varifocal IR-corrected lenses. Available in color or day/night versions, each D4S and D4F indoor camera is easy to install and features an adjustable 2-axis gimbal to provide 360-degree pan and 70-degree tilt adjustment.
Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16419
Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16421
Integrated Visitor Management Software and Automatic License Plate Technologies EasyLobby and INEX/ZAMIR Technologies have completed an integration of their products to allow users the ability to identify, monitor and manage vehicles as well as visitors at any facility. Organizations using this technology can automatically capture license plate information with an INEX license plate camera and seamlessly link the data to the EasyLobby visitor management database. Users will be able to check in visitors and identify the visitor by either the visitor badge or the license plate. Need FREEInfo? www.campussafetymagazine.com/FREEInfo/16420
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REPORTING FOR DUTY You work hard to keep your campus safe and secure.
Here at Campus Safety Magazine, we take our mission to report on school, university and hospital protection issues as seriously as you take your mission to protect our nation’s students, faculty, staff, patients and visitors. Find the latest news and information on security and public safety solutions and trends in Campus Safety Magazine’s newly redesigned print, online and eNewsletter products! In Print: Now published nine times per year, have the magazine sent directly to your office or home. Online: CampusSafetyMagazine.com has a new look and easier navigation that provides you with up-to-the-minute news, trends and technology tips. Features include blogs, video, photo galleries and more. 2 eNewsletters! Campus Safety eNews: This free eNewsletter is delivered to your E-mail inbox each week with the late-breaking current events you need to keep on top of the everchanging campus public safety issues. Hospital Security Update: This brand new eNewsletter focuses on security and public safety issues in the healthcare setting, covering hot topics like Joint Commission accreditation, officer training, infant abduction prevention and more.
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RECESS
WHAT’S RIGHT WITH THIS PICTURE?
THEY SAID IT I never expected, when I had a daughter, that one of my most important jobs would be to protect her childhood from becoming a marketers’ land grab. Peggy Orenstein on the current marketing ploys aimed at young children.
Photo courtesy Safe Havens International
ANSWER:
This entrance is marked as the daytime entrance for a K-12 school in Burke County, N. C., to channel visitors into the main office area. All remaining doors are kept locked during the day, but emergency egress is available because the doors are equipped with panic bars. The campus is fenced in, and a security officer screens visitors at the only entrance drive that is kept open during school hours.
DID YOU KNO KNOW?
There are T
5 million F Facebook users in the United S States who are u under the age o of 10. Source: Consumer Reports So
An average of A
13.2%
o people aged 16 and of o older drove under the iinfluence of alcohol in tthe past year. S Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) S
More than
1 in 3
U.S. workers want to quit their current jobs.
Source: Cinderella Ate My Daughter
Emergency rooms are for people with heart attacks and gunshot wounds, and it is just a disgrace that mentally ill people can be held two, three, five days, eating ham sandwiches in total chaos. H. Reed Cosper, Rhode Island’s mental health advocate, on the lengthy times behavioral health patients must wait in the ER before they receive treatment. Often, security officers are tasked with monitoring these patients. Source: NPR
Source: MetLife
Between 2005 and 2009, law enforcement officers, security guards and bartenders had the
Urban and d suburban b b areas in the United States have
HIGHEST RATES OF NONFATAL WORKPLACE VIOLENCE.
of their hospital emergency departments over the last 20 years.
Source: United States Department of Justice (USDOJ)
LOST 25%
Source: Journal of the American Medical Association
FOR ADDITIONAL COVERAGE OF HEALTHCARE, EDUCATIONAL SAFETY, AND SECURITY TOPICS, VISIT CampusSafetyMagazine.com
Bobit
CAMPUS SAFETY MAGAZINE (ISSN 1066-7039) (CDN IPM#40013413) is published BI-Monthly with an extra issue in November, by Bobit Business Media, 3520 Challenger Street, Torrance, California 90503-1640. Pending Periodicals Postage Paid at Torrance, CA 90503-9998 and Additional Mailing Offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Campus Safety Magazine, P.O.
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price - $10. Please alow 8 to 16 weeks to receive your first issue. Please address Editorial and Advertising correspondence to the Executive Offices at 3520 Challenger Street, Torrance, California 90503-1640. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in whole or in part without consent of Bobit Business Media. All statements made, although based on information believed to be reliable and accurate, cannot be guaranteed and no fault or liability can be accepted for error or omission.
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Sygnal™ mass notification keeps every student within reach. In the stacks or on the quad, ensure your students receive emergency communications no matter where they are. usa.siemens.com/sygnal
Communicating effectively and quickly in an emergency is one of the most critical responsibilities that colleges and universities face. And with students, faculty and staff spread over miles — and many unreachable through web-based alerting to personal devices — the challenge is much greater. To reach them all you need a plan, and the expertise and service necessary to execute it.
:LWK 6\JQDO PDVV QRWLƉFDWLRQ \RX FDQ OHYHUDJH QHZ DQG existing communication systems to reach people inside, RXWVLGH DQG DW WKHLU VLGH 6\JQDO PDVV QRWLƉFDWLRQ provides a single point of control by which you can launch several communications simultaneously. The result is maximum contactibility when it matters most. :LWK 6\JQDO PDVV QRWLƉFDWLRQ \RX UHDOO\ FDQ UHDFK WKHP DOO
Answers for infrastructure. www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/16001 www.campussafetymagazine.com/freeinfo/16134
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Cooper NotiďŹ cation is
www.coopernotification.com
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All Cooper logos are valuable trademarks of Cooper Industries in the U.S. and other countries. You are not permitted to use Cooper trademarks without the prior written consent of Cooper Industries.
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