Lesson 4
Sentences Sentence Patterns Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. The students are exhausted after walking to class.
Sentence Parts Subject – what/who the sentence is about The Chem majors formed a study group for the upcoming midterms. Predicate – what the subject does The Chem majors took turns memorizing the flashcards. Sentence Types Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) The class was filled with enthusiastic students. Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) The teacher told the students to begin the project immediately. Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why did the students wait until the last minute to complete this project? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) He finally scored a perfect score!
Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). The time needed for the project was told, yet the math majors proceeded to wait until the last minute. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Although the class is stressful, many students take it to show exceptional skills on their transcripts. Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. Ever since the English majors were assigned a book to read, the students took an hour of their day to read, and they're almost done. Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction -(either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. The students who majored in history wept, fearing that the upcoming quiz would be their downfall. Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. Fearing that the upcoming quiz would be their downfall, the math majors wept outside of class. Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. When adding the extra class, she realized that she had no time to socialize with friends, do other activities, or have time for other classes. Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. The English majors truly enjoyed the class while the Math majors felt differently.
Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. “You forget what you want to remember, but you remember what you want to forget” was a quote given from the teacher to the students. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. College students have a range of emotions of happiness, tiredness, sleepiness, and stress. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. College students have a range of emotions including happiness, tiredness and sleepiness, and ultimately, stress. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. For many college students, they say college is easy, On the other hand some college students state college is way harder, but many can agree that effort is needed for college. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. College life can be overwhelming for students as they feel to be perfect, meaning to be a hard working student, a smart student, a capable student, and much more. '
