VerticalCity Sluisbuurt

TheVerticalCity

lecture HvA: Vertical City Workshop - 11 April 2016

Due to increased demands for energy efficiency, affordability and shifting work patterns cities will need to be denser and taller in the future.

On a global scale we are witnessing this phenomena as one of the best ways to accommodate a global population of 9 billion-plus people and with that an increasing demand for urban style living.

The city will need this kind of supertall density to make room for a growing population of many types of people from the well off to the less fortunate.

How can a clever use of higher densities relate to different demographics and create vertical communties that are smart and share more facilities?

And how can we start thinking of new models for delivering clever vertical communities through intelligent densities?

New Urban Trend: Rooftopping

Vertical City + Architectural Anarchy

PROJECT 1: LA VILLE FORET GRENOBLE, FRANCE

Landscapes of Mobility

Fragmented Post War City

New Urban Ecology

New Live Work Industrial Landscapes

New Live Work Industrial Landscapes

PROJECT 2: URBAN VISION - NEW HIGH RISE NEIGHBOURHOOD

Vancouverism, how do you do it?

Orientation on the water, consistent urban fabric on small compact parcels with amenities, high rise and low rise next to each other, high plinths and a strong street frontage.

All the high-rise projects are a direct result of city and provincial planning policies designed to fight sprawl and encourage urban “intensification”. In fact, 84 per cent of recent development in Toronto has been in places – like big intersections served by public transit – that are targeted as growth areas in the city’s official plan. As a result, “We are starting to see a greater acceptability for a more intensified form of living,” Ms. Keesmaat (Chief urban planner Toronto).

Why is a city like Toronto growing so incredibly fast but still remain liveable?

A recent study (M.de Nijs 2015) has revealed that only 20 percent of all the 108 high-rise buildings (+65 meter) built in the Netherlands from the period 2004 to 2015 have a plinth that provides both functional and architectural good conditions for a lively street scene. Conclusion is that plinths and high-rise that are part of a block outperform plinths of stand-alone towers in terms of urban vitality and liveliness.

How well does a vertical city like Rotterdam perform?

The Rise of the Skinny Tower

New York City like many cities is experiencing a boom in luxury housing projects, including a series of super-tall residential towers that are now under construction in midtown Manhattan. Much more taller, and ever thinner, the new condo towers racing skyward in Midtown Manhattan are setting new standards in high rise living, including price. More money can be made from housing people in the sky than ever before. In part, this is because a building full of apartments requires far fewer elevators than an office building with its armies of workers.

It casts thinner shadows and creates a more ‘transparent’ skyline. Add to that the facts that people are willing to pay a lot more money for better views like to Central Park, and that they will pay an even greater premium for an apartment that occupies an entire floor. Tall skinny buildings maximize inside space by transferring the structural system to the exterior of the building and thus making the cores thinner, colomn free interiors and with greater access to stacked shared amenities

Netherlands

Anatomy of the Skinny Tower

Maple Leaf Toronto Park Toren Antwerp Bosco Verticale Milan Red Apple Rotterdam

Jheronimus Den Bosch IJoren Amsterdam Hoge Heren Rotterdam

Het Kasteel Ansterdam Science Park Amsterdam

Skinny Tower Ecology

Skinny Tower Block Anatomy

Extreme different heights

Pocket parks

Green roofs

Architectural Specificity

Urban design guide lines for high-rise building blocks in relation to context, street frontage, views, climate, public space, private greenery, and parking.

Context Views

Plinth

Define highrise in relationship to its surroundings

• The function of the plinth is to facilitate interaction with public spaces, street level and surrounding buildings. It gives the public space an urban facade meaning and articulates entrances.

• The plinth has a strong relationship with the street.

• The middle part has a strong relationship with the city. It can step back 3-5 meters from the street frontage.

• The top of buildings have a special function like luxury apartments, an observation deck and other facilities and installations.

Highrise in height to separation distance ratio

has strong relationship with the street

Position high rise so that the viewlines look through and over each other

Sunlight

Positioning

Use reflective surfaces to bounce light

High rise in relationship to where you want sunlight to fall

• Position a high-rise design so that there is sufficient daylight and ‘skyline view‘ for the area. In particular, the streets, parks , public and private outdoor space.

Position high rise diagonally away from each other

• Tall buildings should be generously away from each other so as to allow for more sunlight, and better views through, over and between buildings.

Wind

High Rise Block

Setbacks prevent wind hindrance at street level and between buildings

Highrise

• Ensure that location and orientation of high-rise buildings create better air circulation and natural ventilation

• Roofs of plinths and green help in reducing wind at street level.

• Back lying facades can be used to reduce fall winds.

• Provide amenities like overhangs on the building at street level for protection against bad weather conditions for pedestrians.

Highrise living needs to be integrated within an urban block with varied heights

High-rise blocks should make a good transition with low-rise buildings, parks and public spaces.

• Position high-rise at corners with a plinth so that they mark the edges of the streets, parks and open spaces.

• Place entrances on the street and place ‘back of house‘ facilities in order to ensure quality of public spaces and parks.

• Make sure the pavement is wide enough for cyclists, pedestrians, buffer zones and green front gardens.

needs to be designed to minimize wind hindrance on the street level

Pocket Parks

Public and private green spaces need to provide intimacy and protection

• Provide high quality and comfortable internal private and collective outdoor facilities within the high-rise location.

• Integrate street level vertical green and pocket parks to create intimacy in small open spaces

• Green elevations provide more opportunities for vertical gardens and wind protection

Private gardens, pocket parks, green facades and roof gardens

• Semi underground

• Automatic parking system

• Above ground

• Street parking

The active plinth and street level activity

3D mass in relation to height limitations

Mass on the base of a maximum height of 150 m

Result 3D restrictions on mass

3D limitations maximum height Effect of sun orientation and sightlines

Schiphol airport 89 m

Schiphol airport 84 m

Amsterdam Structuurplan 2040 ‘Highrise IJ banks’ 12.00 winter

22.00 summer

UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO

12.00 summer 17.00 winter

3D Mass Envelope: principles for high-rise and low-rise locations

Skyline Studies

Mountain

Forest Valley

Tribune

Block Typology Studies 45 m x 90 m

Block Typology Studies 45 m x 90 m

Block Typology Studies 80 m x 80 m

Block Typology Studies 80 m x 80 m

Block 2: Mixed block