STUDIO AIR JOURNAL CATHERINE KHO - 813073 S2, 2017 - TUTOR: JULIUS EGAN
Table of Contents
Introduction
Part A: Conceptualisation
A1. Design Futuring ............................... p.10
Case Study 1.0 ............................ p.12
Case Study 2.0 ............................ p.16
A2. Design Computation ....................... p.18
Case Study 1.0 ............................ p.20
Case Study 2.0 ............................ p.22
A3. Composition/Generation ............... p.26
Case Study 1.0 ............................ p.28
Case Study 2.0 ............................ p.30
A4. Conclusion ....................................... p.32
A5. Learning Outcome .......................... p.33
A6. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches .. p.34
INTRODUCTION
My name is Catherine Kho, and I am a second year undergraduate student, studying architecture in University of Melbourne, under the Bachelor of Environment. My interest towards architecture has been starts early since I was young, however it was merely admiration. As I get older, I wanted to become an architect who able to design amazing buildings. While studying in university, I gain more understanding about how design should be produced, little did I know there are a lot of reasoning and concept behind a design. Since then, I began to develop my skill to understand those rationale behind a design, and it helps me to design a more meaningful outcome rather than what is merely looks ‘cool’.
During my study in university, I learn the skill to design using a digital tool, like Rhinoceros. I have an advance understanding of Rhino through my experince on doing ‘Digital Design and Fabrication’ subject. This subject allows me to understand the process from digital design to the fabrication, which allow me to experience laser cut. This skill helps a lot in my studio subject. In Studio Air, I am introduced to a whole new level of digital design which involving scripting, using Grasshopper. I am looking foward to to learn the skill as it offer much more opportunity to design with great potential.
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A
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A1
Design Futuring In this modern era, as technology are more advance, people are slowly neglecting the environment and focusing more on developing the technology. This is happen due to this technology are utillised to fulfill human demands. As mentioned in Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (2008), Fry believes that design plays important role as a desicive factor to challenge our current unsustainable way of living.1
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Tony Fry, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 8.
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Fig. 1: Zaha Hadid Architects, Dongdaemun Design Plaza - Seoul, 2007-2013 http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/dongdaemun-design-park-plaza/
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ase Study 1.0
Project: Habitat Architect: Moshe Safdie Date: 1967 Location: Montreal, Canada
Habitat, is one of many unique housing complex. This is also one of the built structure which is adopting the idea of metabolism, where buildings work fluidly according to humans need. The fact that this building is built means that architects are trying to achieve the idea of movable living space. It may not be as what architects are expecting, however this is indicating that architecture is one step closer to achieve the idea of fluid living space that could be change according to human needs.
With this housing complex Safdie also tries to break the conventional housing complex where when people get out from the building, they are in contact with corridors. Therefore, Habitat will be all about gardens, contact with nature to allow people in touch with nature more as more building are interacting less with nature and focusing more on the high technology. With this project, it influence on international contemporary architecture on how urban housing project should be.2
Domus, Habitat 67, 2017 <http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/05/31/habitat_67.html>, accessed 30 July 2017. 2
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Fig. 2:Habitat67, Habitat 67 - Montreal, 1967 http://www.habitat67.com/en/information/
CONCEPTUALISATION 11 Fig. 3: Habitat67, Habitat 67 - Montreal, 1967 http://www.habitat67.com/en/information/
Architecture is not impossible, which w enough money and enough computers. It i is appropriate and ab through such an app premise as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;inheren believe it is cent - Moshe
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about building the we can do if we have d enough tools and is about building what bout attaining beauty proach. I describe this nt buildabilityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, and I tral to what I do. Safdie -
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ase Study 2.0
Project: Dongdaemun Design Plaza Architect: Zaha Hadid Date: 2007 - 2013 Location: Seoul, South Korea
Dongdaemun Design Plaza is an exhibition place for many design event. The design of this building itself breaking the conventional appearance on how building should looks like, where there is roof and wall. With this DDP project, Hadid makes this buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s roof/ceiling and wall are actually connected to each other without any boundaries to identify which portion are belongs to wall or ceilings. This way of thinking may be applied to design in the future, where
people could try to break the conventional building basic appearance, where there should be floor with wall attach to it and roof. With the more advance technology, someday it may be possible to break any conventional buildings shape to create a more unique building but yet still functional and aesthetically pleasing. The way Dune and Raby put it, there is no such thing as prediction, what exist is only a set of scenario of what possible future might be.3
Anthony Dunne& Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013) pp. 44. 3
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Fig. 4: Zaha Hadid Architects, Dongdaemun Design Plaza - Seoul, 2007-2013 http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/dongdaemun-design-park-plaza/
CONCEPTUALISATION 15 Fig. 5: Zaha Hadid Architects, Dongdaemun Design Plaza - Seoul, 2007-2013 http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/dongdaemun-design-park-plaza/
A2
Design Computation These days, more people are using computer to helps architect to design. This challenges people opinion regarding whether computer are killing people creativity to design or actually part of the creative process itself. As mentioned by Rivka and Robert, they believe that the relationship between people and computer are merely computer as a medium that supports a continuous logic of design thinking and making.4 With that being said, the digital in architecture has begun to enable architects to develop more solution towards the current problem, for instance over population, global warming or pollution. This is enhancing the outcome of a design becoming richer and more meaningful. In term of design itself, as computer offers formulative thinking, it helps people to respond better with a more complex situation. However, as computers alone is very logical, it lack of creativity and intuition, whereas human has those qualities, but having difficulty to respond to a more complex situation. Therefore, human with computer as the partner will results in better outcome.
Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, Theories of the Digital in Architecture , (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), pp. 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;10 4
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CONCEPTUALISATION 17 Fig.6a: Maurizio Barberio, Giuseppe Scaltrito, Giuliano Pugliese, Hypar Vaults - Troyes, 2017, http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/07/26/hypar_vault.
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ase Study 1.0
Project: Hypar Vaults Computational Design: Maurizio Barberio Computational Engineering: Daniele Malomo Date: 2017 Location: Troyes, France
Hypar vaults, a recent experimental of fabricating vaulted stone structure fabricated with near zero waste of material.5 This successful experiment of using hyperbolic paraboloid results in a more sustainable method of fabricaton contributes the idea of how building a design should be fabricated, which is with less waste or even better, near zero waste. The fact that researcher are able to built this almost with no waste indicating that people are getting better at problem solving with the help of technology.6
The method of fabricating this sculpture could be applied to building as well which might helps with the one of the most concered issue, waste.
Domus, ‘Hypar Vault’, 2017 < http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/07/26/hypar_vault.html>, accesssed on 5 August 2017. 6 Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5-25 5
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Fig. 6b:Maurizio Barberio, Giuseppe Scaltrito, Giuliano Pugliese, Hypar Vaults - Troyes, 2017, http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/07/26/hypar_vault.
CONCEPTUALISATION 19 Fig.7: Maurizio Barberio, Giuseppe Scaltrito, Giuliano Pugliese, Hypar Vaults Troyes, 2017, http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/07/26/hypar_vault.html
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ase Study 2.0
Project: Wunderbugs Design: OFL Architecture, Francesco Lipari Interaction designer: Marco Scalet Date: 2016 - 2017 Location: Rome, Italy
Wunderbug, a wooden pavilion that produced digitally. Using machines to produce the pattern helps to produce an accurate results with shorter amount of time, which makes people have more time to brainstorm about the details of the design, where in this pavilion, it is how this pavilion interacting with nature. With computation, it is easier for people to input additional data and also to have it collecting data on its own automatically, where here can be seen from this pavilion that it can sensor motion, humidity, temperature and sunlight intensity.7 With sensors that collects environmental stimuli earlier,
it allows insects to modulate digital music. This makes a rather simple geometry has much more meaning and complexity in it. The way the geometry are formed and how it is arranged are precisely designed by computer and controlled by human. With the flexibility where people could alter the specific component of the design could change the appearance of it, just like how Grasshopper works with algorithmic sequence. With this design, people could learn more about how a pavilion interacting with natural habitat more as it is a concern that by having human intervene natural environment might harm the natural habitat of many living creatures.
Domus, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Wunderbugsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, 2017 < http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/04/27/wunderbugs.html>, accesssed on 5 August 2017. 7
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CONCEPTUALISATION 21 Fig. 8: Anotherstudio, Wunderbugs - Rome, 2017, http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/04/27/wunderbugs.html
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CONCEPTUALISATION 23 Fig. 9: Anotherstudio, Wunderbugs - Rome, 2017, http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/04/27/wunderbugs.html
A3
Composition / Generation Architecture has a rather fluid norm where its aesthetic changes over time. The idea of symbolism, used to be very popular in society, and then someday many architects decide to evolve architecture to something that very different. That is when modernism occurs and then eventually post-modernism. Now as we are in 21st century, technology has been improve rapidly which means there is more opportunity in term of design. This mark the era of architecture generation from composition. With this new methods of design, it comes with computer as our partner in design rather than a tools to manipulate what we have designed. With this method of generating architecture, algorithmic method of thinking is introduced and makes computer actually do something in the design.8 This makes architects could deal with a more complex situation than ever and may generates new idea and thoughts.
Brady Peters, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thoughtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Architectural Design, Volume 83, Issue 2, (2013), p.10. 8
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ase Study 1.0
Project: Louis Vuitton Foundation Architects: Frank Gehry Date: 2014 Location: Paris, France
With the invention of glass curved to the nearest milimeter for the 3600 panels that form the Foundation’s twelve sails to the 19,000 panels of Ductal (fibre-reinforced concrete) allows Frank Gehry to have a geometrically complex building built according to his design.9 This design pushes the potential of each material to its extreme, and this could not be possible with just human intelligence without any computational involved. In this design, the computational aspect are heavily used in the fabrication process of each individual which requires a high level of acuraccy, or otherwise, it will fail. This shows the influence of computation to pushes the potential of a design, and not only an unbuilt project, but it is actuallly built.
Foundation Louis Vuitton, ‘La Fondation’, 2017 < http://www.fondationlouisvuitton.fr/en.html>, accesssed on 10 August 2017. 7
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Fig. 10:Fondation Louis Vuitton, Louis Vuitton Foundation - Paris, 2014, http://www.fondationlouisvuitton.fr/en.html
Fig. 11: Fondation Louis Vuitton, LouisCONCEPTUALISATION 27 Vuitton Foundation - Paris, 2014, http://www.fondationlouisvuitton.fr/en.html
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ase Study 2.0
Project: Esplanade - Theatres by The Bay Architect: Michael Wilford, Russell Johnson Date: 2002 Location: Singapore
Using computation, with a simple geometry like triangle could produce a building that have some complexity. With the logic of algorithm, it arranges the triangles to form a more fluid dome-shaped building where it acting as the wall and the ceiling of a building. With such level of details in the arrangement, it could create a smooth surface even though the materials chosen is glass which could not be bend as it will break. This will take a very long time and a lot of prototype to build if it did not include computers in the design process. This shows how significant computation is even with a rather simple design.
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Fig. 12: Esplanade, Esplanade - Theatres by the Bay - Singapore, 2002, https://www.esplanade.com/about-us/architecture-and-building-design
CONCEPTUALISATION 29 Fig. 13: Esplanade, Esplanade - Theatres by the Bay - Singapore, 2002, https://www.esplanade.com/about-us/architecture-and-building-design
A4
Conclusion
As technology is more advance every single days, it affecting the role of architecure in society. Architecture is no longer as a symbol of power or aesthetic, but becoming much more important in society. It may used to be considered an artist, but now it is also as the key to solve the contemporary issues, for instance issues regarding the degradation of environment. With the help of technology, it expand the possibilities of what architects could achieve. It widen up the opportunity for people to have a better environment to live in the future and having a steps closer to an utopian dream.
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A5
Learning Outcome
Since I learn to use computer, I know that computer is very helpful for human life. However, I never thought that the collaboration between computer and designer could be so powerful that it could connect present to the possible future. By the end of this Part A exercises, I gain more understanding regarding how computation works and why is important. Without computation as a part in the design process, as the technology is more advance, it may cause a bigger problem to the design as there will be more things to considerate, and as a human, we often make mistake. Therefore, having a computer as the part of the design process may reduce those mistakes and instead, solving a problem. This is very intriguing and I am very excited and fortunate to be able to learn more about this.
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A6
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Appendix
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References Anthony Dune and Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013), p. 44. Brady Peters, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, Volume 83, Issue 2, (2013), p.10 Domus, Habitat 67, 2017 <http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/05/31/habitat_67.html>, accessed 30 July 2017. Domus, ‘Hypar Vault’, 2017 < http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/07/26/ hypar_vault.html>, accesssed on 5 August 2017. Domus, ‘Wunderbugs’, 2017 < http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/04/27/ wunderbugs.html>, accesssed on 5 August 2017. Foundation Louis Vuitton, ‘La Fondation’, 2017 < http://www.fondationlouisvuitton.fr/en.html>, accesssed on 10 August 2017. Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, Theories of the Digital in Architecture , (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), pp. 1–10 Tony Fry, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 8. Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5-25.
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Figure List Fig. 1: Zaha Hadid Architects, Dongdaemun Design Plaza - Seoul, 2007-2013 http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/dongdaemun-design-park-plaza/ Fig. 2: Habitat67, Habitat 67 - Montreal, 1967 http://www.habitat67.com/en/information/ Fig. 3: Habitat67, Habitat 67 - Montreal, 1967 http://www.habitat67.com/en/information/ Fig. 4: Zaha Hadid Architects, Dongdaemun Design Plaza - Seoul, 2007-2013 http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/dongdaemun-design-park-plaza/ Fig. 5: Zaha Hadid Architects, Dongdaemun Design Plaza - Seoul, 2007-2013 http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/dongdaemun-design-park-plaza/ Fig. 6a & 6b: Maurizio Barberio, Giuseppe Scaltrito, Giuliano Pugliese, Hypar Vaults - Troyes, 2017, http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/07/26/hypar_vault. html Fig. 7: Maurizio Barberio, Giuseppe Scaltrito, Giuliano Pugliese, Hypar Vaults Troyes, 2017, http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/07/26/hypar_vault.html Fig. 8: Anotherstudio, Wunderbugs - Rome, 2017, http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/04/27/wunderbugs.html Fig. 9: Anotherstudio, Wunderbugs - Rome, 2017, http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2017/04/27/wunderbugs.html Fig. 10: Fondation Louis Vuitton, Louis Vuitton Foundation - Paris, 2014, http://www.fondationlouisvuitton.fr/en.html Fig. 11: Fondation Louis Vuitton, Louis Vuitton Foundation - Paris, 2014, http://www.fondationlouisvuitton.fr/en.html Fig. 12: Esplanade, Esplanade - Theatres by the Bay - Singapore, 2002, https://www.esplanade.com/about-us/architecture-and-building-design Fig. 13: Esplanade, Esplanade - Theatres by the Bay - Singapore, 2002, https://www.esplanade.com/about-us/architecture-and-building-design CONCEPTUALISATION 35
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