CITY:ONE.1.2020.EN by CityOne

1 : 2020

Magazine for sharing innovations among Central European Cities : A guide of the Czech ministry of Industry and Trade on digital transformation of municipal energy : smart tools for municipalities : use of sources and civic activities

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Content 1/2020 city : leader

David Bárta : Chief Editor Dear readers, The energy revolution is already underway, not just technological. Municipalities have unsuspected opportunities to regain the missing funds in their budgets, invest in the digitization of local energy and offer citizens that their roof could also earn some money. The current, information-packed issue serves to strengthen the public debate on the strategic grasp of investments in the context of European policies (e.g. Digital Europe or Green Deal) and proposes the concept of Local Distribution Area (LDA) as a basic prerequisite for success and return on investment. If we are to meet the EU‘s objectives, avoid sanctions and strengthen the role of community energy, then we need not dozens but hundreds of projects that will not only improve energy, but the quality of life in municipalities as such.

New Generation Energy

CZECH GREEN DEAL for municipalities

Energy savings

Citizens power plants in Vienna

Bristol – British energy innovations leader city : governance

New generation of energy

Smart urban energy

What city energy manager needs to know and to have

A joint project of the Prague 19 district (Kbely)

Innovation management

Židlochovice - a smart carbon neutral neighborhood

Solar cadastre

IoT register

Czechpoin city : resources

It is the ability to look away from energy needs and address the area in one way, focusing on all possible needs, that is a prerequisite for smart, i.e. combined investments that will allow us to „dig up the streets only once“.

David Bárta The magazine applies the knowledge gained from activities within the association CZECH.UP, which were supported by the MIT Efekt program.

CITY:ONE magazine In 2020 ,due to COVID, only this single digital issue is released. Publisher CityOne s.r.o., Královo Pole 34E, Brno, 612 00, Česká republika Chief editor and smart sources editor David Bárta / barta@cityone.cz Smart Governance editor Pavel Nácovský / pavel.nacovsky@panatec.cz Smart living editor Tereza Škoulová / skoulova@cityone.cz Water editor Petr Dolejš / dolejs@waterincity.cz Deputy Editor in chief Slovenia and Croatia Atila Urbančič / bruancic@gmail.com Deputy Editor in chief Poland Mateusz Jarosiewicz / mateusz.jarosiewicz@smartcitiespolska.org

Digital twin of heating plant

Hydrogen in the new market need

Hydrogen city

German National Hydrogen Program

H2BASE – hydrogen part for smart city puzzle

Plastic waste

Digital Twin in Wastewater Treatment city : distribution

E.ON Smartgrid housing construction

Smart measurement of water and heat consumption

The area of the size of the regional hospital as a semi-LDA

Community energy within reach

Smart switchboard for public lighting

RETROFIT commercial building for intelligent wiring city : traffic

100 An integrated approach to P+R digitization 104 Smart Mobility for Smart Cities 108 Water audit 112 Digitization of local governments 116 The local government and the investor

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New Energy

New Gener Energy AFTER THE APPROVAL OF THE NEW EU STRATEGIES AND FINANCIALLY SUPPORTED RESOURCES (E.G. GREEN DEAL AND JUST FUND), IT IS ABSOLUTELY CLEAR THAT THE CZECH REPUBLIC NEEDS TO CREATE A BRAND NEW, LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT STRATEGY. ENERGY IS ONE OF THE KEY AREAS AND IF WE CAN MANAGE IT EFFICIENTLY, WE CAN ALSO BENEFIT FROM THE NEW FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT. OTHERWISE THE SYSTEM WILL BE UNSUSTAINABLE.

This article represents a proposal of the energy concept with a long-term program that considers Europe´s new direction and its ﬁnancing, technological progress in energy sector, deployment of digital tools and work organization and cooperation, including projects preparation. It can become an applicable content of the forthcoming Community Energy Program ﬁnanced from the Modernization fund.

: Vision Our energy sector lacks a long-term stable vision of development of the whole sector, considering not only „big“, i.e., backbone energy (stable sources and security), but also „small“ energy at the level of municipalities and their groups - the so-called Local Distribution Area (LDA). Moreover, there is no existing connection with other ﬁelds in

the territory (transport, water management, waste, facility management etc.) and with community organization and citizen involvement programs. Representatives from Czech technical university (CVUT) and NGO CZECH.UP compiled the following vision of smart energy, new generation energy, that we present to the broad expert debate.

: Green Deal and the Modernization fund At ﬁrst, it is necessary to specify some facts resulting from the agreement signed by the Czech Republic over the National plan of Recovery (Recovery and resilience facility) and Green Deal (the Modernization Fund and Just Transition Fund), which puts pressure on the behaviour of all Member States. Simply said, the EU has set aside huge ﬁnancial opportunities for green projects of the

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ration Member States, but at the same time it obliges them to repay them, even in the form of a joint debt. The focus of debt liability is thus shifted from the current main payers (Germany and the Nordic countries) to all countries, including the Czech Republic. Which leads to a simple outcome–everybody is obliged to make payments to the fund and to draw from the fund, only those who are prepared are eligible. The aim of this vision is to create jointly produced model projects that we could roll out across the municipalities of the Czech Republic and which would bring all fundamental changes - sustainability, energy savings and efficiency, but also new products/innovation, money, digital economy and especially rural development, i.e. development of small municipalities.

: CO2 and emission allowances CO2 and emission allowances should be viewed primarily from the economic point of view. CO2 has become a new currency within the EU strategy with expected inflation and emission allowances has become a stable commodity that green energy producers can trade with, which also significantly influences the view of the energy in municipalities as a potential source of local development funding.

: Threat of the uncontrolled decentralization Stability and security of the energy network depends on the programme support of smart energy deployment with clear common rules. No unstable green resources can be delivered freely to distribution networks, as it would jeopardize its security and stability. The goal is, on the contrary, to consume the produced

New generation Energy responds strongly to the changes in EU funding and support for RES and addresses carbon neutrality targets and a logical increase in the price of emission allowances. This concept builds on two in the future equivalent and interconnected units:

Mutual cooperation

BACKBONE NETWORK (50%) - STATE Backbone energy provides a stable wide area power sources, safety and network management. This type of network and related resources requires the purchase of emission allowances.

LOCAL NETWORKS (50%) - MUNICIPALITIES Municipal and industrial local distribution are abased on local production from RES or other resources, local accumulation, decentralized networks, digital tools etc. This type of network enables production of emission allowances.

energy in the area, either by direct consumption by businesses or households, or a safe storage of the energy in the form of battery storage, water heating or produced hydrogen/gas. Since the threat of uncontrolled decentralization signiﬁcantly increased with the advent of the new EU green strategy, it is appropriate to build the so-called Local Distribution Area (LDA), i.e. energy units connecting local producers of energy from various sources (RES, gas plants, waste water treatment plants) in the area with local consumers, so that ideally they would not deliver green energy to the main network and they would optimize internal energy systems organized within the Local Distribution Area. This could even release the reserved power supply for the territory and enable establishment of additional consumption sites or promote electromobility. The current incentives for the acquisition of RES are signiﬁcantly accelerated by the new EU strategy, thus increasing the risk of uncontrolled decentralization, i.e. the acquisition of local RES systems producing green energy and delivering it to the distribution system in an uncontrolled manner. This is one of the reasons why a need arose to design a complex program to support the implementation of LDAs in towns and villages.

: Sustainability, stability and security The importance of big (backbone) energy in our economies is obvious and forms a stable pillar of the energy system and its security. In the view of EU strategies however, the second pillar of the future Czech energy must also be supported, that is a decentralized controlled local energy system (LDA), standing on the activation of local resources and using massive production of green energy from already built public or private areas. The symbiosis of these two pillars is clearly beneﬁcial; one produces nationwide stability and security, but also emissions and needs emission allowances, the second one builds on RES, energy consumption optimization, complements energy mix, produces emission allowances and meets commitments to the EU, i.e. it is a source of funding from the EU. Moreover, the second pillar also serves as the transfer of

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Investment of 650 billion CZK in LDA Investment program

120

Czech Green Deal

100

in the ﬁeld of energy could look like this:

Billion CZK

After a preparatory five-year phase with a gradual launch is the annual investment at a stable amount of CZK 80-100 billion. It is assumed that after 6 years of investment it is possible to obtain financing for annual investments/co-finance from already operating LDAs in the form of revolving.

knowledge closer to local governments, organizations, and citizens. The goal of this vision is to support these two pillars equally, i.e., if the state wants to invest hundreds billion of CZK into the completion of nuclear units, it should invest similar amounts in „Smart local energy“. Furthermore, we need to set up synergies of both the pillars. We will pay the EU funds with the money from emission allowances, the price of which is rising and will continue to rise (nowadays it is approx. 25-30 Euro for 1 ton of CO2), so it is reasonable to support the second pillar, which will even generate money, at least as much as the ﬁrst one. In this respect it is necessary to also consider adequate grants and public resources for support of local area networks. How much funding is planned for the backbone network and how much for local networks now?

Vision 2025

The aim of the whole program is to use the subsidy full-scale by all municipalities so that nationwide innovations, signiﬁcant energy savings and one energy market could arise. The ﬁrst year (2021) should be devoted to the preparation of the whole program, which consists of:

60 40 20 0 2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

Years 2021-2030

· · ·

Solar register of all municipalities Promotion of the Czech Green Deal programme Gaining the interest of municipalities for scalability of investments and planning of the use of EU grants Processing and issue of the legislatively correct and standard lease contracts between landlord and tenant and its digital form (see below) Design and launch of pilot model projects (so-called demonstrators) for three types of municipalities – a small municipality (up to 500 inhabitants), a larger municipality (up to 5000 inhabitants) and a large municipality (40 000inhabitants) Identify the potential of the counselling and training centres network in the form of community co-working centres (see Humpolec town demonstrator), as centres for innovation and knowledge support in the area

: Solar potential of the Czech Republic Theoretical potential of electric power production from solar energy in the Czech

Republic was determined by a study of the Ministry of Local development to approx. 80,000 TWh, which is of course the maximum potential production. The potential of areas for obtaining solar energy in the Czech Republic is 50.2 million m2. The sun shines on average 17 % of the time, i.e. about 1,500 hours per year. Municipal solar power plants, unlike wind power, are very promising sector in the Czech Republic, also regarding innovations enabling higher energy gain (e.g., perovskite solar cells), or use of other areas (e.g., use of new noise walls along urban roads). According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), coronavirus could lead to big changes for global energy sector and solar energy is supposed to become an energy market hegemon. For the success of the program, it is pivotal to build local power plants, i.e., territorially interconnected systems (LDA), not only to address the end users individually, as the Czech Green savings program support snow. The Czech Republic covers an area of 78,864 km2. In 67% its altitude does not exceed 500 metres above sea level. In areas with heavily polluted atmosphere it is necessary to presume a global radiation

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prospectively also citizens. Solar register, for example, gives an answer about solar gainof a speciﬁc object parcel number. The service is designed for its users free of charge. Static characteristics of those objects in municipalities that were already selected are the subject and the cost in EU projects proposals that are no longer paid by the EU and therefore it is necessary to provide resources from national resource programmes.

: Czech Green Deal Proposed new program focuses in the energy sector on building Local Distribution Areas (LDA) mainly for smaller towns. Its goals for 2025 are: ·

Source: Global Solar Atlas

decrease by 5-10%, in extreme cases up to 20%. On the other hand, 5% global radiation increase can be expected in areas with an altitude of 700 or more up to 2,000 metres above sea level. Most data on average solar irradiance, its intensity and exposure time from different sources vary widely. For these reasons, all data can be summarized and formulated as follows: ·

The total volume of the potential amount of usable energy in the Czech Republic is 80,000 TWh In the Czech Republic, about 9501,100 kWh energy falls on 1 m² of horizontal area Annual number of hours of sunshine ranges from 1331 to 1792 hours (a long-term average from years

1961–90, see CHMU, values including clouds), literature states an average range 1,000–1,550 hours

: Solar register Solar register is a web tool created ideally from the state resources as a nation wide service for municipalities in the Czech Republic. Operation of the service complements expert assistance for mayors or other interested parties, provided by the Association for innovation of territorial public services CZECH.UP, the network of community coworking centres, regions, unions of municipalities and local action groups. The solar register consists of GIS tool for property records, potential surface area of surfaces/ roofs, and mathematically calculated solar gain per area, which serves both the municipality management and the designers and

Involve 200 small municipalities (up to 500 inhabitants) with minimum criteria of 500 m2 of solar areas, or more than 50% of all areas in the municipality in the program Involve 200 larger municipalities (up to 5,000 inhabitants) with minimum criteria of 5,000 m2 of solar areas,or more than 50% of all areas in the municipality in the program Involve 50 large municipalities (up to 40,000 inhabitants) with minimum criteria of 50,000 m2 of solar space in the program

The program will support creation of groups of cooperating towns and cities and their cooperation on pilot projects (demonstrators). The program will support building solar sources only on real estate and built-up areas, i.e., buildings owned by the municipality, industrial areas, personally owned buildings or in shared ownership, and parking areas. Solar panels are not to be placed at random, but as a part of an integrated local production, distribution and accumulation system, which can „cover up“ ﬂuctuations and effectively store surpluses. Thus, priority should be given to the projects that design the local distribution areas effectively as a whole (connecting objects along the line routes) and which also include others services (replacement of public lighting cabling, heat pipes, High speed internet etc.).

city : leader Proposed monitored parameters ·

· ·

Number of inhabitants in the municipality and the share of inhabitants involved Number of entities involved Total number of properties in the municipality and the share of connected properties Number of m2 of areas involved Amount of MW/h of green produced energy and the number of emission allowances produced Number of streets concerned and their proportion in the total number of streets in the municipality (does not apply to municipalities up to 500 inhabitants) Combined investment with other networks (hot water, high speed Internet), (yes/no and possibly proportion in the total), see more below Connection with public lighting renovation (yes/no) Bonus parameter is also the amount of rainwater in m3 retained from theseareas (applies to public areas)

: Case studies The program is designed for communities that can choose from two solutions. In the first case, the initiator and possible owner of the solar system is the municipality or a company owned by it; in the second case, the municipality creates a company with a private investor and keeps a share of at least 35% of the company. The state provides two types of incentives under the program. The first of them is a one-time subsidy of 50% for deploymentof the first implementation project (first LDAs), which with its monthly output does not exceed 1 MW. This incentive is designed in order to fulfil the above Vision 2025, i.e. a massive involvement of Czech municipalities, which means hundreds of projects instead of a couple of megaprojects. This incentive also has the aim of supporting the birth of the LDAs, the expansion and funding of which each municipality would later decide on its own.

The second incentive arose in order to motivate municipalities in further spreading of LDAs and thus producing emission allowances and local electricity from RES and at the same time involving large numbers of citizens. Since the solar system owner, responsible for its operation, safety and maintenance (including insurance) is the town, it rents the solar panels from the involved owners. Lease contract, the form of which is stipulated by the program, states not only obligations, but also performance on the part of the tenant (the municipality) to the lessor. In this contract, the municipality agrees to pay rent (or offer reciprocal services) corresponding to the amount of energy produced, with unit price of CZK 2 per kW/h. In order to reduce administration, annual billing model is set up, including the annual breakdown of energy produced. This incentive includes a crucial condition, though. Together with the connection of interested parties to the LDA, the municipality is also obliged to connect the interested parties to high-speed Internet, which means that together with the new cable line it also leads optical cables. The municipality does not operate the service, but leases the optical lines to service providers. In both cases, we propose to compensate the creation of “demonstrators”, i.e. the pilot project sites verifying a speciﬁc type of service together with the emergence of management systems, on which other local governments will participate. The “demonstrator” outputs will be further shared and developed. This is also a way to deal with high fragmentation of territorial division in order to utilize full capacity and possibilities of current technologies and organizational systems. The whole LDA concept envisages digitization, at least with remote readings of the energy produced (netmetering). Therefore the proposed state aid is also an investment in digitization and education and encourages superstructure innovations and services.

: Savings, recovery, and business opportunities Investments in the energy of industrial sites which by their nature may bethe heart of local distribution areas, arenowadays the logi-

cal choice of every real householder/businessman. The restoration of old substations, transformers, switchboards or power cables is meaningful itself from the economical point of view. With the example of industrial sites it can be effectively shown what the local distribution area consists of. From a holistic perspective we will individually decide not only about energy systems, but also about infrastructure and availability of local services (e.g., high-speed internet).

Reducing loss Energy savings of up to 50%, which for manufacturing plant represents annual savings in hundreds of thousands or even millions of CZK, can be achieved by simply optimizing the operation of transformers and replacing the old ones (optimal service life is about 30 years).

Installing a new source A signiﬁcant elimination of peak performance of an industrial site can be achieved by a new solar power plant connection point in the outlet cabinet supplemented by, for example, a cogeneration, and thereby signiﬁcantly reducing payments for today‘s expensive power input. The form of the national distribution system is directly related to it, which can be to a large extent cleared of peak consumption.

Business opportunities The surpluses produced can be either directly traded, or stored in batteries or in hydrogen, or used to provide local services, such as chargers of self-accumulating electric vehicles/ hydrogen refuelling stations on the border of the manufacturing site cadastre. In addition to the potential of sharing own parking spaces with residents in the given area at night and the carsharing services, recharging services can be offered, thus speeding up both the deployment of electromobility services and local usage/storage of energy in batteries, which does not need to be bought or owned by the given manufacturer. This will support the emergence of local innovative industry operationally enabled by emerging demand.

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: New generation energy It follows from the foregoing that a simple installation of RES will not lead to the successful outcome and that in any new generation energy project it is necessary to do the following key steps: Energy equipment passport (transmission capacity, short circuit resistance, equipment technical

· · · ·

mathematical models and algorithms network management) Considering possible investments of other fields (other pipelines management, blue-green infrastructure and microclimate, internet connectivity, Internet of Things connectivity) when setting up projects Expert support and coordination, creation of exemplary projects (demonstrators) #David Bárta et al.

Division of municipalities according to advances in approach and strategy in energy • • • • •

Vision of the city and energy specific plans and projects Digital registry of energy production, distribution, and consumption in the territory of the city Energy manager (a city employee, appointed consultant, external expert) Urban Innovation Consortium (ability to work together outside the field and with other local entities) Energy purchase

• •

At least partial netmetering (sectional) New development is conceived as zero or plus energy balance with emphasis on optimizing energy consumption There is an energy distribution company which the municipality either owns, has a stake in it, provides a license or leases Municipality has one urban Local Distribution Area and its transformer station, energy storage and potentially RES

E ST AB

LI SH

The municipality at this level is preparing for future investments in energy. Its goal is to manage basic activities and achieve political agreement on the direction of the municipality.

• •

The municipality uses digital technologies, new development or reconstruction are designed with emphasis on carbon neutrality, the municipality has its own company for energy management or a contractual partner with whom it implements pilot local distribution area.

NC VA

VER YA

• •

•

Urban energy distribution system - smart grid consisting of digital twins of energy sources, distribution systems and accumulation, and optimization of energy consumption Peer2Peer platform - a tool for electricity trading, energy price map, a mobile/web application „save“ for consumers and a mobile/web application „produce/ sell“ for local small producer of RES and other players Energy surpluses are not sent to the grid but stored (batteries, hydrogen…) Systematically supports the reduction of energy consumption in buildings and facilities throughout its territory

• • • •

AD VA

•

Energy digital champion who builds on digital twins of production, energy distribution and consumption and can trade the energy produced at the right time or store it in batteries or hydrogen and reduce energy on the consumption side. A key feature of this level is the ability of the municipality to enable its citizens to trade energy.

parameters and settings of facility management process) Renovation of existing energy facilities and distribution (if applicable) RES installation Accumulation (hydrogen, VRFB, lithium battery) Optimization on the side of the final energy consumption Digitization (digital system, i.e., digital twin and smart grid, remote readings, big data processing,

The municipality has made a progress in building energy ecosystem, oﬀers consumers a variety of local energy sources and reduces consumption energy throughout its territory. It is able to produce and trade emission allowances and the whole territory is already covered by digital technologies; eﬀiciency is manifested by the operation of public lighting from its RES sources.

Municipality operates a local energy resource marketplace Municipality produces emission allowances Complete netmetering and Big data for network management Urban public lighting powered by RES (LDA)

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CZECH GREEN DEAL for municipalities EACH MINISTRY HAS A CRUCIAL ROLE FOR ITS SECTOR; IT HAS THE OBLIGATION TO CREATE UNIFORM METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE GIVEN SECTOR AND TO SUPPORT IT WITH THE STABLE LONG-TERM STRATEGY. SO ANY DRASTIC AND/OR UNPLANNED OR NOT WELL-PREPARED CHANGES ARE REFLECTED IN THE „MOBILITY OF THE TARGET“, WHICH MAKES INVESTORS UNSUCCESSFUL IN “THE SUCCESS OF THE SHOOTING”. IN THIS CONTEXT, THE EU GREEN DEAL FRAMEWORK STRATEGY IS A KIND OF STABLE INDICATOR OF DIRECTION AND THE DOMESTIC STRATEGY IS A DEFINITION OF HOW TO DO IT AS BEST AS POSSIBLE.

city : one We can be inspired by the successful policy of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and its educational laws (1919), when the public library service was deployed as a national standardized public service for higher education of entire groups of citizens excluded from the education system and with the unavailability of culture, including support for rural development. Similarly conceived public investments led to the fact that in 1935 Czechoslovakia became the tenth economy in the world. Now, a hundred years later, we have a similar opportunity, and the success will be created only by a well-thought-out program of long-term, stable planned development of municipalities, which we have called the Czech Green Deal. Experience shows that for well-designed public services that are built sustainably (including the setting of operating costs), it is easier to secure the financing of their creation. Their acquisition is based on terms of sustainable operation (so-called „life cycle costs“) and not only on the acquisition price. It is thus an essential part of the program to have uniform rules, a supported system of municipal cooperation including digital support tools. The goal of public administration (within innovations and smart investments) is to provide quality standard public services at an estimated cost in the long run, and thus build the safety of users, suppliers, and customers. Transparency, openness, and predictability are important prerequisites for innovation. Quality criteria should be the first steps a „smart“ ministry will take for its agenda before planning investments. This defines the steps and their sequence. Thanks to technological progress and digitization, the existing criteria for subsidy applications appear to be insufficient. So, for a successful Czech innovations program we need new ones.

: If the Czech Green Deal is to be successful in the ﬁeld of energy, cities and municipalities need clear rules of the game from the ministry These include: ·

· ·

legal and contractual support (type agreements on the quality of service provided (so-called SLAs) or on leases of property), quality standards of technical design (e.g., for the quality of storage facilities, see PI Berlin report on unreliability and low quality of batteries from various manufacturers, also touches on quality standards of solar panels), i.e., minimum framework requirements that do not hinder innovation data and telecommunication standards (support of data economy and digitization) financial / subsidy programs (standard implementation projects of building LDA, not isolated solutions) with a consistent cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and thus focusing primarily on operational quality and sustainability and with an emphasis on the design and procurement of primarily services)

: Standardized contracts for suppliers (smart contracts) Municipalities will be able to prepare their energy strategies and subsequent investments in standard quality only if they have the above-mentioned service from the ministry. Related to this is the preparation of transparent identification and labelling of services (products) of suppliers protecting the customer from purchasing a low-quality product that would soon lose the required efficiency or capacity. These relationships must support the identification and cooperation of all beneficiaries of the target public service, including cooperation between local governments and cooperation with other local investors. Standard contract with defined quality of service; SLA (service level agreement according to ISO 41011, ČSN / EN 15221-5), should be a part of professional training, and therefore also demands, and should be provided to municipalities, including counselling. This creates certainty, i.e., the supplier participates in the efficiency of the operation, and therefore it is in his interest to deliver quality work, the customer gains the certainty of economic return and can use various financial mechanisms, which will speed up the preparation of the investment. New procedures can be set up relatively quickly in a standard routine. The second necessary condition is the digitization of the contractual process, which brings with it a verified electronic identity, concluding the contract electronically and monitoring its

city : leader fulﬁlment, i.e., the quantity and price of energy produced, and the number of emission allowances produced.

: Type contracts for municipalities and citizens To facilitate legal action from potential approximately 6,200 municipalities towards their citizens, the Ministry would provide standard forms of contracts for the lease of a roof and the operation of a solar system within the LDA, which would be variable only at the level of parameters. Municipalities will thus receive a „contractual full-service“ and will devote the time saved to the material preparation of LDA projects. It can also include full support for Facility Management (SW and expert) operations.

: Public portal Technical parameters should prevent inefficient purchases (for example, cheap, low-yield solar panels or cheap storage with significant capacity degradation over time). It also sets the quality of the relationship with the „producer-citizen (organization)“, because in addition to a simple model of renting space to the municipality, there may be situations where the citizen (organization) is an investor or shareholder in „Community Power Plant“, which is an integral part of LDA. This is only realistic with the creation of digital billing (e.g., a web portal for monitoring own energy production and consumption, supplemented by the number of produced emission allowances / amount of contribution to the Green Deal), which will enable better reporting of the state to the EU (measurable value for EU money). Municipalities can purchase such a portal from a wide range of suppliers, but the ministry must insist on a standard digital record of produced RES and emission allowances. Such a step is thus also related to the definition of telecommunication parameters. This cooperation requires the correct setting of drawing benefits by the partners. In some cases, it will be appropriate to exchange the partner‘s assets for city services (sports grounds, educational programs, etc.).

: Data Within remote metering (netmetering), there must be a uniform data format, which the system or portal supplier must comply with, including the appropriate quality of communication and data, as well as the level of ethics and personal data protection. Even for this case, the ministry, or NAKIT, would provide contractual legal and technical standards so that the municipality can ensure the necessary standard data quality and GDPR. These parameters must be part of the contractual arrangements between customers and suppliers, as well as municipalities and citizens, and it will be necessary to keep these rules up to date.

: Building LDA The support system will focus on building larger units (LDA) with the involvement of many small producers. This view is key to success, as it will allow joint investments to be made within a single investment process, for example, high-speed internet will lead along with new energy grid. The necessary digital tools for spatial planning and investment planning thus focus not only on the “digital technical map”, but also on other investment parameters (CBA), such as energy, water, transport, telecommunications, social and business and other perspectives. Existing analytical tools available on the market would handle such functionalities. The support of the RES energy of industrial companies is certainly a step in the right direction, however, their incorporation into the LDA of the municipality is clearly a better solution regarding the beneﬁts. The subsidy policy would thus consider the stability of the energy balance within the wider LDA, even with a view to the emergence of energy-plus urban neighbourhoods, while supporting local production / consumption, job creation, digitization and digital literacy and other beneﬁts. The involvement of industrial buildings in the municipal LDA is thus perceived as key and is one of the KPI of the program and of every CBA. The system will work with collaboration support. At the level of municipality, it will use local innovation cells (for example, a network of community-coworking centres according to the CZECH.UP Humpolec Demonstrator). At the same time, it will support the cooperation of local governments, both vertical (municipalities 1, 2, 3 type, regions) and horizontal (cooperation of local governments) - The digital concept then allows not adjacent municipalities to cooperate at a certain level of services - for example on the system management in SW form).

: Smart municipality As part of the support provided by the ministry, Czech cities and municipalities could prepare hundreds of investment projects in energy, with the necessary quality and quantity for effective use of European subsidies, but also with maintaining the stability of the energy network and local energy security. However, the cooperation system would allow fewer projects of cooperating municipalities to be created (regional dimension). To successfully set up such a program, it is necessary to follow the following procedure:

Vision the municipality (applied to the cooperating municipalities and to the demonstrators) formulates the goals and vision of its investments in energy (max. 3-page document), which sets the basic parameters for drawing subsidies. The vision is based on measurable indicators (KPI) mentioned in the previous article and representatives of the city or municipality choose a supported business model (operation by

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the existing city company and citizens as tenants, or it will be community power plants, etc.), the amount of purchase / lease / co-funding. The vision should be drawn up not only by politicians, but also by representatives of local or affected organizations, i.e., potential investors, manufacturers, or operators through the so-called Municipal Innovation Consortium, as the Vision also has an impact on the use of existing or building its own infrastructure (even grid). In addition to the local ecosystem of partners, it is appropriate to establish a Municipal Innovation Fund, into which part of the proďŹ ts from the LDA operation, e.g., 30%, could automatically go to support the further development of investments, including in other services. This does not only apply to local governments, but to all beneďŹ ciaries cooperating in MiK and MiF. This is what the Vision should set out.

Infrastructure the municipality already includes the necessary energy infrastructure elements in all its investment plans and coordinates investments with other local investors. On the border of private areas, e.g., industrial areas, there may be places of standard energy consumption, e.g., standard electric chargers, hydrogen storage / pumping stations, or new areas with RES (e.g., parking areas). The investments also include rain retention tanks, irrigation and greenery, telecommunication needs, etc., and the way to decentralization of public lighting (local branches) is also open.

Technology Remote readings are only one of the basic technological stones of the Digital City Model and without web portals, BI analytics, or tools to support operational documentation, it is difficult to plan and implement joint investments coordinated by the Municipality Innovation Consortium. Municipalities can deploy various technologies for individual LDAs in their projects only if the technological standard of equipment, communication and data is known, which primarily leads to the emergence of digital twins, i.e., digital records of equipment and assets associated with digital dynamic system data, which will enable the LDA to manage from a technical and business point of view. The infrastructure is thus digitally mapped to the property and cadastral records of the municipality and connected to the solar cadastre - a tool ideally provided by the state.

Alternative methods of production, distribution and consumption LDA supports the energy use of all built-up areas where appropriate, regardless of property relations and the Czech Green Deal program is not primarily focused / limited to an individual group (i.e. production plants, city property, new development or community power plants), or on speciďŹ c RES technology. The LDA is thus technologically unbeatable, which will support the further development of innovations. Local contracts will allow producers to support a

city : leader speciﬁc type of service (e.g., I produce electricity for public lighting in my street, or shared electric bicycles), as well as consumers to buy energy from a speciﬁc producer. Remotely located cowshed sites in the village can thus diversify investments in energy production (biogas, solar or wind energy, hydrogen production), which will support the sustainability of the energy balance in the village and local business and the emergence of new services and employment in the village. It will also be possible to evaluate the use of temporarily usable resources (for example built-up areas).

Public acceptance the above steps show that it is appropriate to be prepared and have a plan for communication with citizens. In addition to the Vision proposal and implementation strategy (implementation projects), it is appropriate to prepare and staff a communication campaign with digital tools, such as a web information service, where the citizen can ﬁnd out „how much his/her roof could earn“ or what services can be provided in exchange, up to ﬁll in the form for expressing interest in participating in the program. This enables phasing the implementation and investment-intensive process of LDA for the city / municipality, including real impacts on everyday life, such as the reconstruction of sidewalks. The municipality can easily (digital model) document the participatory approach and the number of involved citizens and interested organizations (other KPIs), including the potential for energy use of areas (m2), which will allow the ministry to create a comprehensive benchmark for the grant title.

ces. Thus, another important partner and beneficiary can be involved - the region. For example, for the deployment of hydrogen trains powered by Czech hydrogen produced from RES in Czech municipalities, the provision of such a service on the train track is required, i.e., ideally by all municipalities on the track line. Such a program would enable the participating municipalities to draw benefits, such as a discount on the fare for their citizens or participation in other stages of the program, such as the construction of hydrogen filling stations for vehicles. The demands on the management of such a program are significantly higher and could be coordinated by the regions. #David Bárta, Radek Gutwirth

How to proceed (in brief) STEP 1

VISION AND GOALS, urban innovation consortium and How to proceed (in brief) erty registration + solar cadastre

STEP 3

PARTICIPATION: Communication with citizens, mapping interest

STEP 4

PREPARATION: System architecture of a speciﬁc LDA and project preparation – the ﬁrst investment

STEP 5

IMPLEMENTATION: Deployment of the necessary energy system and other networks

STEP 6

DIGITIZATION: Deployment of IoT remote readings and microgrids, big data analysis, data set opening, hackaton, ﬂexible pricing and business models

STEP 7

STANDARDIZATION: type project (so-called demonstrator) and its description in the Catalogue of Services, CBA and KPI evaluation, plan for follow-up LDA and regional projects, feedback for the ministry and planning of allocations of other subsidies, natural sharing of innovations in the network of municipalities

STEP 8

MARKETING: information campaign with successful projects, municipalities and citizens, networks of community coworking centres, including records of produced green energy and emission permits and stories of their local monetization

CBA and evaluation The KPIs set in the Vision also serve to monitor the effectiveness of the subsidy funds spent, which will enable the Ministry to adequately plan the allocation of subsidy resources for the next period and report increasing RES and emission allowances. It will also make it possible to diversify individual works / fields, i.e., how high the cost of IT (IoT) systems in relation to the total cost is, what business models were the most successful or acceptable among municipalities, what are the main obstacles to further LDA development or how to improve cybersecurity and protection against possible data leaks. We consider the cooperation of beneficiaries on the place to be essential, which will make it possible to reduce the negative impact of complex financial transfers and subsidies and enable to invest funds wisely on the place together.

Regional dimension The ﬁrst stage of the program should support the involvement of as many municipalities as possible, the preparation of Demonstrators and groups of cooperating local governments in them. In the next stages, the emphasis should be on cooperation, support for local innovation centres in the Humpolec Community Coworking Centre network and create conditions for the regional dimension of servi-

city : one

CZECH GREEN DEAL - support package of the Ministry for Municipalities Package Items

Item Description

Strategies and subsidies

CBA and KPI, i.e., how applications and implemented projects, allocations and business models, a standard of the Vision, benchmark parameters, etc. will be evaluated.

Contractual agenda

Single Contract on SLAs (suppliers), property leases and other models (citizen), data protection and GDPR

Technical standards

Uniﬁed data model, minimum requirements for solar panels and storage

Information services

Public portals with a deﬁned minimum set of data and type projects, records of energy produced and emission allowances

Type projects

Database of good practice, i.e., type projects (demonstrators) including non-energy elements (e.g., water retention tanks)

Certiﬁcation

Declaration of compliance with the basic requirements of the subsidy program for the quality of equipment / supplies

Services to municipalities

Solar cadastre available in the form of a web portal and providing a data ﬁle (e.g. .kml) to municipalities for an import into their property records

Communication campaign

LDA as a tool for the development of municipalities (for municipalities)

city : leader

Energy savings can change the approach to energy

“ENERGY EFFICIENCY” IS FOR MANY PEOPLE

BEEN CONNECTED ESPECIALLY WITH HOUSE

A RATHER VAGUE TERM. THE TOPIC OF ENERGY

INSULATION, WHICH GIVES THE IDEA THAT

SAVINGS HAS BEEN DISCUSSED FOR YEARS

IT WOULD PROBABLY BE QUITE EXPENSIVE

AND NOT MANY PEOPLE FIND IT ATTRACTIVE.

AND COMPLICATED, DUE TO WHICH NOT

IN RECENT YEARS, ENERGY SAVINGS HAVE

MUCH ATTENTION IS REALLY PAID TO IT.

city : one However, energy savings are not just about thermal insulation. Of course, with most buildings, high-quality insulation can save the most energy on heating, however, it is necessary to calculate whether it really pays off, i.e., how long it takes to recover the investment. For example, in the case of apartment buildings it is often said that most such houses are already insulated, making the potential for low savings, however, it is necessary to keep in mind that the apartments are very often overheated, to 24 or 25 degrees Celsius, which is much more than needed. It involves changing people‘s behaviour and comfort, which is quite a difficult task and requires spreading the right information and approach in the long run.

: Motivation to save energy For the most part, money is a very good motivator, nevertheless, motivation can be a combination of various factors and it is all about setting them up to perform their best. Even though we are currently experiencing several fluctuations, for example in terms of energy prices, it is clear that in the long run the price of energy will rise, which will lead to considerations whether we need to consume more energy than currently being used. This is especially true for heating, as there applies the simple equation that for each degree of Celsius one will pay about 6 % extra for energy consumption, which makes quite a lot of money per year. There is no need to feel cold at home, but overheating should not pay off well, which is eventually a very important aspect. Reducing energy consumption is certainly essential, that is why the reasoning and motivation is so important. Nevertheless, we usually do not have enough information and we often act impulsively. When considering whether my operating costs for energy consumption are unnecessarily high, I should consider all possible solutions, how much would each of them cost and mainly the benefits they would bring. - Not only in reducing energy costs, but also in better home comfort etc. That is the only way how to find the best tailor-made solution, to find out what would work best in my case. In most cases I won´t be able to discover it myself and will need to consult it with someone who really understands the matter.

: Obtaining information through counselling How to get information on ways to reduce energy consumption? Of course, we can find a lot of information on the Internet, but this is usually general information that may or may not be appropriate for the given house. To get some

basic introduction it is possible to visit some energy consultation and information centre (EKIS), where consultants provide advice and information on energy savings twice a week for free. The whole network of EKIS centres comprises over sixty centres throughout the Czech Republic, and their overview and relevant contacts are available at the website of the Ministry of Industry and Trade (www. mpo-efekt.cz). The knowledgeable energy specialists can provide good advice, which can be followed up by suggestion and proposal of specific solutions. This applies not only to household representatives, but also to entrepreneurs or government representatives. In addition, it is also possible to submit an electronic inquiry via the mentioned website and the EKIS consultants will answer it, moreover all questions and answers are published on the website. There are over 10,000 queries per year, all of them available online, thus offering a huge amount of information. EKIS centres are subsidized by the Ministry of Industry and Trade from the EFEKT program, running for many years. In addition, changes are being prepared so that EKIS representatives can provide advice not only „from the relevant office“, but also directly on the site. They can carry out an initial analysis for a specific object in the form of a „feasibility study“, including municipalities and cities. These feasibility studies are not for free; however, they are directly funded by the EFEKT program. The owner of the property can be given a grant of up to 70 % of the price of the feasibility study development, depending on the type of building. For a detached house applies a lower subsidy and for example for schools and other buildings in the public sector a higher one. It is a relatively simple study including a proposal of all possible measures, their costs and beneﬁts suggesting the best possible combination of all of them, the most advantageous for the “investor”. The call for the subsidies is open on an ongoing basis and interest is gradually growing. It is quite common in the Czech Republic that people prefer to deal with even more technically complex things on their own. The house insulation does not seem so complicated, however, with an unprofessional approach a less advantageous solution may be chosen.

: Quality information first..., then eventually subsidies Currently, the decision making, especially in the public sector, is far too influenced by a chance to receive a subsidy. Another mistake is a choice of a specific technology without having any comparison with other solutions. This applies for example to the recently popular „photovoltaics“ on the roof or for

city : leader heat pumps. Even high-quality installation can represent only a half-way solution, lasting for many years, without even realizing more beneﬁcial solutions could have been used. The general principal of all good energy saving projects should be first to attain information about what could be done to achieve the goal, how to implement it, how much it will cost, but most importantly, what it will bring. The investor should have this information to choose the appropriate combination of solutions and procedures that will have the greatest effect and save his costs. Of course, renewable energy sources, including photovoltaic, are among the options considered, but they pay off the most in combination with other energy-saving measures. The investor should know renewable energy sources do not reduce final energy consumption but are only a replacement for the existing energy source, usually mains. They can reduce operating costs but not energy consumption, and when combined with energy saving measures, this can pay off even more. It would be a mistake to install a renewable source individually only because there is a subsidy for it or because it seems to be a good solution.

: Various ways of energy savings in cities and regions In the public sector, this is the standard approach for example for some projects using the concept of providing energy services with a guaranteed result, so called EPC method - Energy Performance Contracting. This concept is more complex but with a well-prepared project brings surprisingly good results. In the case of such projects, it is very important that the selected and contracted energy service provider is liable for the agreed volume of energy savings. Technical measures are always combined in such a way that their effects complement each other, and especially important is that it applies not only for the period of the guaranteed energy service provision, which can be over 10 years, but also afterwards. This method is applicable especially for city-owned buildings. It is optimal to group several properties into one project; to ﬁnd out whether the properties are suitable for the mentioned method, the subsidy from the Ministry of Industry and Trade within the EFEKT program is provided. In addition, several standard and sample documents are published on the MIT website, for example in the form of a model contract, including draft technical annexes, a methodology for applying EPC in the public sector, and a code of ethics for applying EPC. Furthermore, a list of energy service providers is published on the MIT web-

site and certiﬁcation of EPC projects and energy service companies is under preparation. The essentials of the contractual relationship in the provision of energy services have been included in the Act No. 406/2000 Coll. on energy management since 2015. The EPC method was originally devised for use in public sector buildings and can be considered the ultimate form of energy management.

: What exactly is energy management? The implementation of energy management can be simply defined as the systematic care of a particular object in relation to energy consumption. First, it is necessary to gather information about the state of the building in terms of energy supply and consumption, as well as data on energy consumption itself, i.e., optimally monthly data on energy consumption in technical units and financial terms. These are data on energy for heating (e.g., heat, natural gas, coal, or electricity (for electricity heating)), data on energy consumption for water heating and electricity consumption for home appliances and other devices. These data should be evaluated and assessed whether it is worthwhile to deploy some of the measures to reduce energy consumption and how. This can be done in a relatively simple way in person or various measuring, regulating, and monitoring elements and systems can be installed, that will perform most such activities automatically. To introduce energy management, entities in both the public and business sector can also use a grant from the EFEKT program. These are incentive subsidies that are not intended for investment, but for motivation to achieve energy savings. However, the EFEKT program provides additional subsidies for incentive measures that can help reduce energy consumption. The time of mere investment subsidies is hopefully behind. It is necessary to change the approach and focus on motivation, so that the ways of reducing energy consumption and thus its costs are of interest to energy consumers. #Vladimír Sochor, Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade, the director of energy efficiency and savings department

Things guzzle more than youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d expect

Inappropriate street lighting eats up to 70% more. And thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s even more money guzzlers like streetlamps in our municipalities. They lurk in ill-conceived buildings and facilities, in public transport, in public spaces. Is energy obesity eating you as much as us? Get bright ideas for energy diet at chytra-volba.cz.

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city : leader

The proved guidance :

Citizens power plants in Vienna

city : one

WIEN ENERGIE ELABORATED AN INNOVATIVE MODEL TO ALLOW ITS CITIZENS TO TAKE PART IN THE INSTALLATION OF PHOTOVOLTAICS ON PUBLIC BUILDINGS’ ROOFS OR JUST BEYOND THE CITY BOUNDARY.

: Project in a Nutshell

: A success story for Vienna

The project started in 2012. Each citizen can purchase a maximum of ten panels (online or by phone) at the price of EUR 950. The contract with Wien Energie comes into force when the amount is paid, and the citizen officially becomes a co-owner. At that point, Wien Energie build the photovoltaic module on behalf of the citizen. Each citizen then leases the panels to Wien Energie and receives, once a year, a percentage of the amount invested as remuneration (started with 3,1 %, now 2,25/1,75 %). The amount can be also received in forms of vouchers, thanks to the collaboration with the SPAR supermarket chain. The contract lasts a minimum of ﬁve years, but can be terminated before, by paying a EUR 75 fee. Once the lifetime of the panels has been reached (approx. in 25 years), Wien Energie buys back the solar panels and the full amount invested is returned to the individual owner.

Vienna’s ﬁrst citizens’ power plant opened on 4 May 2012 on the premises of Donaustadt power station, and Wien Energie has been expediting the expansion of the model ever since. Over 30 solar and wind plants are already supplying the city with carbon-free energy. The thousands of local investors and the continued high levels of interest in the model demonstrate the Viennese public’s strong commitment to climate action.

: Impact & Next steps After the ﬁrst 5 years of the project, Wien Energie installed 30 plants producing 19,3 MW of green electricity. The investments amounted to EUR 35 million, with 10 000 citizens involved in the project. The citizens’ installations produced 50 000 MWh, equal to the annual consumption of 550 000 fridges, therefore saving around 17 000t CO2. Since October 2017, citizens can also purchase e-charging stations of 11 kW with the same model used for the PV panels. The target is 1 000 e-charging stations by 2020.

: Replicability: Challenges & Success Factors This model was extremely successful in mobilizing the citizens in generating renewable energy. The majority of citizens in Vienna live in ﬂats, so do not have the possibility of taking part in solar energy generation: they lack the physical space, but also the technical expertise and they would have to go through a very complex approval procedure. The Municipality of Vienna managed to overcome all these issues, providing a simple, proﬁtable and secure option. The supermarket vouchers model was particularly appreciated – it sold out in only 72 hours!

: 30% renewables by 2030 A secure, affordable, environmentally sound, needs-based energy supply is and remains one of the most important prerequisites for the city’s high quality of life and economic development. The Smart City Wien Framework Strategy envisages that by 2030 30%, and by 2050 70% of Vienna’s ﬁnal energy consumption will originate from renewable sources. This requires both investment in power plants within the urban area as well as imports of renewables from the surrounding region and/or via long-distance cables. The citizens’ power plants are

city : leader

making a major contribution to renewable power generation within the municipal boundaries and in the wider region and are thus helping to meet the energy targets of the Smart City Wien Framework Strategy.

Offer to citizens

: Photovoltaic system in Unterlaa „This project is a model of citizen involvement in support of Vienna‘s largest photovoltaic system Unterlaa. By purchasing a voucher package, you can contribute to the operation of the Unterlaa photovoltaic system and to the general expansion of renewable energies in the wider Vienna area,” the project description states. The system consists of 6400 solar modules and generates approximately two million kilowatt hours of solar energy. It is used to control the local pumping system, which is supposed to get Viennese drinking water into the city in an even more ecological way. Not only that, but locally produced solar energy can power approximately 600 households.

How to support the largest photovoltaic system in Vienna by purchasing vouchers: ·

You can use the registration form to purchase a maximum of three voucher packages (SPAR or energy vouchers). The package costs 250 euros. After placing your order using the online form, you will receive a request for payment and conditions of participation by e-mail. The contract between you and Wien Energie enters into force upon payment. You will receive an annual fee in the form of SPAR or energy vouchers for a period of five years. You will receive the first vouchers one year after

city : one

Technical data of the Unterlaa public solar power plant

Placement

Watertank in Unterlaa

Power

1,92 megawatts

Year production

2,05 GWh of solar energy

Impact

40 % of energy demand for Unterlaa water is covered and 600 households are powered by the solar energy

CO2 savings

706 tons per year

Project start

November 2019

Installation

May 2020

Area covered by panels

cca 10 100 m² = 1 ha

Whole area

cca 28 000 m² = 2,8 ha

purchasing the package. Vouchers will be sent by e-mail. For Wien Energie customers, the value of the voucher corresponds to a return of 6.4% per year (they receive EUR 60 per year in the form of SPARs or energy vouchers). For customers other than Wien Energie, the return is 1.32% (= EUR 52 per year in the form of SPAR vouchers). To benefit from a higher reward, become a Wien Energie customer immediately.

How the interest rate is calculated At the beginning you pay 250 euros, after one year with an interest rate of 6.4 percent, this corresponds to 266 euros, and after issuing the ﬁrst voucher for 60 euros, 206 euros remain. After another year at 6.4 percent interest, this corresponds to EUR 219.20 and after the issuance of the second voucher, EUR 159.20 remains. After another year at 6.4 percent interest, this corresponds to EUR 169.40 and after the issuance of the third voucher remains EUR 109.40. After another year at 6.4 percent interest, this corresponds to 116.40 euros, and after the issuance of the fourth voucher, 56.40 euros remain. At an interest

rate of 6.4 percent, this corresponds to 60 euros, which we will give you in the form of a ﬁfth voucher.

There are two different voucher offers: ·

Vouchers for electricity and natural gas - can be used on the electricity and / or natural gas invoice from Wien EnergieVertrieb GmbH & Co KG. SPAR vouchers - can be used at the cash registers of all SPAR, EUROSPAR, INTERSPAR stores, in INTERSPAR restaurants throughout Austria and in the online store.

Sources: cityof Vienna, energ-cities.eu

city : leader

Bristol British energy innovations leader

Not only has the city council set ambitious energy transition objectives – reducing energy use by 30% and CO2 emissions by 40% between 2005 and 2020 – but the ﬁrst results are extremely encouraging, with a 20% drop in energy use and an 18% decrease in CO2 emissions recorded in 2013. Inspired by the experience of the German Stadtwerke and with European funding from the ELENA programme, Bristol designed an ambitious strategy to take back control of energy at the city level.

THE CITY OF BRISTOL IN ENGLAND IS

This strategy led to the setting up of a municipal energy company, Bristol Energy in 2016.

KNOWN FOR BEING A BREEDING GROUND FOR LOCAL AND COMMUNITY INITIATIVES IN FAVOUR OF AN ECOLOGICAL TRANSITION, WHICH EARNED IT THE TITLE OF “EUROPEAN GREEN CAPITAL” IN 2015.

The ﬁrst priority for Bristol Energy is to tackle fuel poverty by delivering fair prices to the population. In the future, the municipal company intends to develop local renewable energy production and energy efficiency services. As a complementary approach, Bristol also emphasises the contribution of community energy projects.

city : one

ative to make Bristol the UK’s solar capital.It has been hugely influential with elements incorporated into the then coalition governments national community energy strategy in 2014 as well as being recognised as contributing to Bristol’s European Green Capital year in 2015. Our vision is for“a city where everyone has access to sufficient affordable low-carbon energy for their needs; where wise and innovative use of energy empowers citizens and enhances the economy, with active communities across the city generating and managing a significant amount of their energy need.”

TheBristol Community Strategy for Energyis set out along ﬁve themes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Community resilience and fuel poverty Understanding energy and behaviour Energy efficiency and low carbon technology Renewable energy generation, and Local economic development.

Under each theme broad goals are stated and indicative steps outlined.

In 2010, the city helped create the Bristol Energy Network, an organisation supporting community renewable energy initiatives, which in turn developed a local community strategy for energy in 2013 (Bristol Energy Network, 2013). The city then launched a fund to ﬁnance renewable community projects, the Bristol Community Energy Fundand took an active part in setting up the Bristol Energy Cooperative, a community cooperative which has already raised 10 million pounds for local projects. All actions implemented by the city of Bristol can be found in our database of best practices.

This strategy envisages a future for Bristol where energy is seen by individuals, communities, organisations and businesses as a valuable - and measurable - resource. More and better training, education and development programmes bring a better understanding of energy demand and build empowerment. Energy is used more efficiently helping to save money and address fuel poverty. Increased deployment of renewable energy generation at a community level empowers individuals as active users of energy.

These things help to make Bristol a place where: · ·

: Community Strategy for Energy

The Strategy was launched during the Big Green Weekon Friday 21st June 2013 by Bristol’sMayor, George Fergusonand Iris Eiting of Re: Work Ltd on behalf of the network. Alongside the strategy George also launched Bristol Solar City, an initi-

· ·

People understand energy use and are active, engaged consumers and conservers of energy Carbon emissions are reduced through enabling and encouraging changed behaviours, energy efficiency and the use of low-carbon technologies Energy efficiency is part of everyday life, making energy supply more secure for future generations Renewable energy resources are used so that Bristol is less reliant on precarious external energy sources Fuel poverty is eliminated and there is less inequality There is a strong low carbon local economy, with new business and training opportunities

city : leader

: Ecosystem support Stakeholders Included below is an indicative list of stakeholders needed to carry forward this strategy. Projects, initiatives and schemes will likely involve varying partnerships and interactions as they evolve and develop over time. In the following list we suggest the various categories of stakeholders and give examples of who these include. ·

· · · · · · · ·

· ·

cy n e ci on ffi b y o car logy g er w o En & lo chn te

Loca devel econo lopm mic ent

Comunity recilience & less fuel poverty

Re en new en er ab er gy le ati g on

· · ·

The Community: residents and building owners, neighbourhood partnerships and other generic, non issue-specific community infrastructure organisations; wider communities outside Bristol Bristol City Council Centre for Sustainable Energy Community groups of all sorts: faith, heritage, mother and baby, etc. Local energy and transition / sustainability groups: Bristol Energy Network, Transition Bristol Social enterprises and co-ops: Bristol Power Co-op, Bristol Energy Co-op, Bristol Solar Co-op Landlords (social and private) Agencies: Regen SW, Low Carbon South West Commercial sectors (installers, building trades, finance providers,): Installer networks, Green Deal Providers, Green Deal Advice Organisations Local (and national) media and arts organisations Education and training institutions: Schools, Further education colleges and Universities Partnerships organisations: the Local Enterprise Partnership, Bristol Green Capital Partnership National government departments: DECC, CLG, DEFRA Large energy companies

: Bristol Community Energy Fund Bristol Energy Network have been working with Bristol City Council and Quartet Community Foundation to set up and run theBristol Community Energy Fund. There have been 5 rounds of the fund so far and after the ﬁrst 3 rounds, wecarried out an evaluation of how well it has been working. The report headlines are that: ·

ing and erst & Und nergy ur e avio beh

· · · ·

collaborations between new (non-energy) groups and more experiencedBEN members worked well the fund was successful in reaching areas with higher levels of deprivation the application process was clear and support offered was helpful reporting and data collection could be more streamlined events to share experiences would be welcome

city : one

: Grants Funding Our grant programme supports activities with one of the following aims:

We’v ecommitted to Bristol becoming a carbon neutral city by the year 2050

: Solar Investment Programme

To support local people to reduce their energy use (e.g. their use of electricity or gas) To support local people in moving toward cleaner renewable sources of energy To support local people to take measures that ensure they can afford to meet their energy needs

Our Energy Service is responsible for delivering a multimillion pound solar investment programme which has installed over 8 MW of solar PV acrossthe city. We’ve installed solar panels all over the city, from our municipal buildings such as offices and schools, to large solar farms and installations on some of Bristol’s most iconic buildings like Ashton Gate Stadium and the Central Library.

The grant programme can support all costs relating to your project or activity, including: core costs (e.g. staff, office costs), project costs (e.g. venue hire, project worker) and capital costs (can support the cost of a renewable installation).

Our Solar Investment Programme has saved the city millions of pounds through reduced energy bills, whilst making a massive reduction in our carbone missions and reinforcing Bristol’s position as the UK’s most sustainable city.

: Our achievements in Bristol

We want everyone in Bristol to beable to access cleanenergy and have the ability to reduce their carbone missions – that’s why we are offering access to the solar investment programme to all organisation across the city

· · ·

OurEnergyServiceiscreating a cleanenergystrategy to beneﬁt localcommunities.

: So far, the Energy Service has ·

helpedover 2,000 private and council-owned homes to become warmer and healthier through upgrades to their energy efficiency delivered a multimillion pound solar investment programme on our corporate and community buildings, by installingover 8 Megawatts (MW) ofsolar PV acrossthe city, enough to power 8000 homes established a best-practice community energy fund, to support over 50 local community groups with sustainability and energyefficiencyprojects investednearly £2m in energy efficiency refurbishments across council-owned buildings, which helps us save £1m annually on ourenergy bills becomethe UK’s first local authority to build and manage our own large-scale wind turbines, having created a 6.8 MW council owned and managed solar and windfarm in Avon mouth which could generate enough clea nenergy to power over 14,000 homes launched the first section of out law-carbon and lower-cost heat network in Redcliffe and Temple Quarter, as well as several mini heat networks for social housing across the city set up Bristol Energy, one of the UK’s first municipalenergy companies which is helping customers who find it difficult to heat and light their homes, by offering a simple, fair and transparent alternative to the largest energy providers in the country met and exceeded our target to reduce carbon emissions by 60%, three years early

: Why use the Solar Investment Programme? There are a multitude of reasons to use our Solar InvestmentProgramme to delivery our solar projects, including: · ·

No UpfrontCost – 100% of the installation cost will be covered up front by Bristol City Council. No Maintenance Cost – Bristol City Council will cover operation and main tenance costs over the twenty year duration of the project, including cleaning, replacement parts and labour. Cost Savings – Each unit of solar generated electricity used on site costs less than what you usually pay, meaning you achieve savings from day 1 of the project. Supporting Bristol – Working in partnership with the local authority connects your company to the city and our path towards carbon neutrality, raising the profile of your project through joint promotional opportunities. Job Creation – You’ll also be stimulating demand and main taining jobs in the UK shighlys killed solar PV industry.

Solar PV systems are quick to install, have minimal disruption to normal daily operations, demonstrate your commitment to sustainability and reduce your energy bills. All provided at no cost to your organisation.

city : governance

New generation of energy : Local Distribution Area (LDA) DIGITALLY CONTROLLED

OF FOSSIL FUELS PLACE

THAT WILL MAKE OPTIMAL

DECENTRALIZED ENERGY

INCREASING DEMANDS

USE OF A WIDE RANGE

IS A BASIC PRECONDITION

ON THE INSTALLATION

OF POSSIBILITIES.

FOR THE FUNCTIONING

OF CLEAN SOURCES.

IT IS NECESSARY TO

OF A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY.

TO REALLY BENEFIT FROM

RESPECT THE LAWS OF PHY-

SECURING THE SUPPLY OF

THIS POLICY AS A SOCIETY

SICS AND AT THE SAME TIME

ELECTRICITY IS A PRIORITY

(CITIZENS OF THE CZECH

NOT TO FORGET THE STABI-

SECURITY TASK OF THE

REPUBLIC), IT IS NECESSARY

LITY OF ALL MAJOR ENERGY

STATE. CURRENT GLOBAL

TO GRASP THE RELATED

INFRASTRUCTURES, WHICH

POLICIES TO REDUCE WASTE

INVESTMENTS WITH WELL-

WE MUST NOT ENDANGER.

AND THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS

-THOUGHT-OUT PROGRAM

city : one

Thanks to globalization, innovations in technological equipment and control systems are evolving faster and faster, bringing improvements in both their efficiency and quality and safety. As this is an upgrade of critical infrastructure also through digitization, we must not forget the potential risks of cyber-attacks and design all devices for manual control in the event of hacker attacks.

: Czech energy sources The Czech Republic should rely on proven and efficient sources, such as nuclear power plants, supplemented by other 4th and 5th generation nuclear sources, and supplement these sources with gas (including hydrogen) sources, which are also highly efficient. These sources are then supplemented with renewable (RES) with storage (e.g., battery) systems. With this approach, we will be able to produce and consume electricity from RES locally and will not jeopardize the stability of the existing energy infrastructure.

: Municipal RES Each municipality and its catchment area is a potential local distribution area, which is a very valuable â&#x20AC;&#x17E;possessionâ&#x20AC;&#x153; and can be economically beneďŹ cial for the local economy and development of the municipality, citizens, entrepreneurs, local and foreign investors. Within the framework of managed decentralization (i.e., local distribution area) a system of critical infrastructure is formed (Act 240/2000 Coll., On Crisis Management and on Amendments to Certain Acts (Crisis Act) and Government Regulation No. 432/2010 Coll., Protection in case of energy failure) also called Smart Grid. Its principle is interactive two-way communication between production sources and appliances or between consumers about current possibilities of energy production and consumption. LDA brings completely new possibilities: construction of island operations, complete reconstruction of energy infrastructure in the most important parts of the municipality (city) with the addition of new renewable or other sources.

city : governance Under normal circumstances, this system functions as both local production and consumption, brings significant economic benefits and, in the event of a failure of the superior energy infrastructure, fulfils the purpose of security of energy supply. City representatives are thus able, with the support of experts and a clear explanation to citizens, to transform their city / municipality into a Local Distribution Area, i.e. a system of energy self-sufficiency and security. However, it is important to build energy units (power plants), not to support RES only on individual buildings.

: Community energy through decentralization Citizens or other investors can invest in joint (community) energy projects (construction of energy infrastructure, construction of larger sources such as cogeneration, PV, battery, or hydrogen storage for part of the municipality), their own projects (PV on the roof of a family house). The whole project must be implemented conceptually, considering several factors. In the case of a well-designed project and proper implementation, the municipality and its citizens can „save, earn and further invest (enhance their ﬁnances right in front of their own house).“

What do we pay for in the energy price? 1,50 CZK PRODUCTION

1,50 CZK DISTRIBUTION

= 3 CZK /kWh

LDA : How to start Passport and factual data on energy infrastructure Every change requires beliefs, arguments, and preparation because these are new and often unseen things. This also applies to the possibilities of digitization. From the real arguments „why it is not possible“, which we experienced in cities or regions, we chose the following:

: MAPS - energy infrastructure passport

Where can you get savings?

The energy passport is a digital map of all information on all energy infrastructure in the entire territory of the city / municipality / region and related areas, regardless of their owner or operator. This also means the infrastructure of third parties (e.g., energy companies, existing plants, planned projects and technical plans of all concerned with this territory, regardless of the type of energy infrastructure).

The purchase of cheaper energy from another reseller

Such a passport requires the following steps:

: Where the money lies

1 CZK

Own production of electricity and heat through PV and cogeneration and own consumption (reduction of energy bills for public buildings) or sales to local consumers (local entrepreneurs or citizens) in the „own distribution area“. Local distribution areas thus require their own transformer stations, which will save the current distribution fee. Thus, savings can be achieved for electricity in public lighting, public buildings, or operations of municipal companies (e.g., WWTP). In the area of heat, it is the digitization of production sources, new sources / gas, and hydrogen production.

PRODUCTION

Optimization on the distribution area

1 CZK DISTRIBUTION

= 2 CZK /kWh

· ·

We will create a map base (web map) in which we will record all information we have in paper, electronic or other form we mark each point on the map and classify all documents related to this point (there must also be a physical inspection on the spot, where we will check and incorporate the last details); the more detailed we process the documentation, the better the subsequent proposals and calculations will be, including the fact that it will be possible to further process individual proposals and ideas online. we will incorporate all energy infrastructure, including third parties project and other plans in the whole

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Arguments why this is not possible

Common reality

But we have an energy strategy and there is everything

A literary work of many hundreds of pages, often more than 10 years old, depicting the state of energy of that time, without a long-term vision, and describing projects (often with meaningless returns) for which the city has no money and is waiting for state/EU subsidies

Passport, we already have it.

Only energy labels of buildings

We have an energy manager

Rewrites the status of electricity meters to Excel or to an energy management software

We have already tendered the Energy

There is no mindset for community energy, energy is being bought at the market and we have got savings there

It is in accordance with energy laws

Orientation in legislation and its interpretation is weak

It is too expensive; it does not pay off

About investments in proper passport and digitization, which are a basic prerequisite for LDA

locality, including plans that are not related to the energy infrastructure, such as pavement repair, road reconstruction, bridge repair, real estate construction, urban development plans, etc. drawing of all lines (networks) in the map base (drawing will be indicative, if the devices are not already geodetically measured)

: Knowledge of energy infrastructure We will prepare a card and abbreviated technical documentation for each technology and device so that it is possible to identify individual devices as accurately as possible. Furthermore, the asset card (asset inventory) will be added, whose property it really is, where the exact interface between the individual users of the given equipment is. Also, the age and estimated costs of maintenance and renewal of individual infrastructure (facility management). Transmission and other parameters of energy infrastructure, its current use with respect to technical parameters.

Evaluation of existing and required parameters, if possible, from available data, such as continuous measurements, comparison of reserved power and outputs with data on invoices, etc. After thorough collection of information and passport of individual devices, all this knowledge and data will be incorporated into the map and related documents.

: How to connect signiﬁcant productions and consumptions After processing all the above documents, a technical analysis of the current situation will take place. Based on this analysis and the actual passport, a document will be created called Analysis - status 0. This document will contain initial proposals of individual localities most suitable for the launch of Local Distribution Area projects. The first step of the LDA proposal is the interconnection of significant energy production and consumption in each area (public buildings, schools, industrial area, stadium, heating plant, etc.).

: Preparation of connections for citizens On the routes of the new line, connecting significant energy production and consumption, preparations will begin for the connection of individual citizens (homeowners aka roofs), which could be connected to the network as producers and consumers of energy. All potential „production“ areas (roofs of buildings, parking areas, etc.) are subjected to analysis according to the solar cadastre and potential solar gains and possible balances are calculated.

LDA : Dig up the streets only once Coordination with other intentions and plans, both in preparation and implementation, will be of great importance in the implementation of the LDA (economic, technical). It is a coordination of plans and works based on the processed Analysis - state 0, which is a starting document for subsequent studies and projects. In the case of a suitable schedule and system management, it will be possible to reduce the costs of individual subsequent investments of the LDA, in the form of joint investments in the case of planned or ongoing implementation in the given territory. In addition to power lines, the deployment of the following networks and equipment can be considered: · · · · · · ·

High speed internet Central heating (CTO) Replacement of public lighting wiring Repairs / construction of sidewalks and cycle paths New sources and storage, e.g., hydrogen Repair - construction of energy elements of other companies Deployment of energy or data infrastructure of other entities

city : governance

SCHOOL 30–120 MWH/YEAR PRODUCTION PLANT AREA 6 000–13 000 MWH/YEAR WINTER SPORTS STADIUM 700–1 400M WH/YEAR

CITY COUNCIL BUILDING 170–260 MWH/YEAR

BUILDING ESTATES (80 FLATS) CCA 120–200 MWH/YEAR

First step of LDA - interconnection of signiﬁcant energy consumers and producers in an area into one energy network, it makes sense for energy savings goals as well as for provison of other products and services (e.g. high speed internet)

: Procedure and tools Digitization and passports alone according to the above is not enough. To obtain and incorporate information on third party assets and their investment plans, it is necessary to create a community / city coordinated environment in which local actors can easily engage and share their assets and plans in one digital environment. Therefore, for the success of the LDA, it is necessary to have the Innovation Team of the city (multi-field team) and the Municipal Innovation Consortium (composed of representatives of stakeholders). They can also jointly concentrate financial or other resources in the Municipal Innovation Fund.

Job organization at the municipal level · · ·

Innovation Team of the city Municipal Innovation Consortium (MiC) Municipal Innovation Fund (MiF)

Investments · · ·

Preparation of projects Solar cadastre Contract and ownership agenda

Resolution · · ·

CZECH.UP assistance One single digital model Implementation in the

: Social beneﬁts phases

: Costs - Preparation To illustrate the necessary steps and their costs, we analysed one larger and one smaller municipality in the Czech Republic. The data were created within the developed Smart City strategy for these municipalities. Municipalities can become members of the association for local government innovations CZECH.UP and use assistance for expert management of the entire process.

: RoI - estimated The amount of investment will play a big role in case of return. In the case of the possibility of implementing larger units, the return will always be shorter. In the case of Orlová with an estimated investment of 380 million, the expected return is 5-6 years.

In addition to the financial side of the matter, it is necessary to consider other impacts of the LDA, which are proven by many successful examples from abroad, mostly related to community energy: ·

· · · · ·

· ·

Money for citizens in small municipalities (e.g., in the form of renting their roofs) Real estate appraisal (e.g., high speed internet) Money to the municipal coffers New services in municipalities and new citizens Support for local employment and entrepreneurship The circular economy: reducing the carbon footprint and producing emission allowances Digitization and value-added economy Education of municipalities and citizens for sustainable development and digitization

city : one 2019, the average price was CZK 3.97 / kWh. EXAMPLES OF ANALYSED MUNICIPALITIES

ORLOVÁ (30K INHABITANTS)

HULÍN (7K INHABITANTS)

Analysis

5 mil. CZK

3,5 mil. CZK

Projects preparation

23 mil. CZK

16 mil. CZK

1 mil. CZK

0,5 mil. CZK

150 tis. CZK/year

380 mil. CZK

200 mil. CZK

Solar cadastre Contract and ownership agenda Assistance CZECH.UP Implementation

Arguments for the LDA In conclusion, we can evaluate how we know the successfully deployed LDA, through the massive systemic use of built-up areas of various owners to produce local energy from RES, support for the hydrogen economy and higher quality of life in small communities with 21st century services. Savings in the distribution area - optimization and efficiency, by connecting its own cables, the city becomes the master of its energy distribution area New energy sources (electricity and heat) - PV + cogeneration units - to build new energy sources in selected public buildings and replace existing inefficient heat sources Own energy - 100% consumption of own resources, without the purchase of electricity, energy belongs to the citizens / municipality

Energy sales and community energy - the output of own resources is greater than consumption, energy is sold to commercial entities, which leads to a stable income to the city budget Innovation and associated investments - the city, together with the construction of the energy network, installs high-speed internet, renews hot water, water supply and sewerage lines, and invests the obtained resources in innovation programs, digital literacy, and education

: Roudnice nad Labem – use case without subsidies Population: 13 thousand, Altitude: 195 m.n.m. The average electricity consumption per capita is 6.2 MWh / year. Compared to other geographically comparable European countries, electricity consumption per capita in the Czech Republic is still lower (for comparison, Germany 6.5 MWh / year, Austria 8.1 MWh / year). The average price of electricity for households is currently about CZK 4,91 / kWh. In

For a city of 13,000, this is 80,600 MWh, where citizens will pay approximately CZK 322.4 million / year for energy. One half of the costs is associated with a regulated price for transmission, distribution, reserved power, and charges for RES. The second half of the costs is associated with the production of electricity energy, i.e., 161.2 mil. CZK. To produce 80.6 mil. MWh of electricity requires 75 MWp of PV power with a total area of 456 thousand m2, i.e., 45.6 ha. The area will supply the city‘s year-round consumption. The price of a PV plant with an output of 78 MWp is approximately CZK 950 mil at current prices. If the city connects the PV plant to the distribution network and paid the existing distribution fees, then the return on investment without subsidies is about 6 years. If the city owns a distribution area, i.e., it will use the distribution fees as an investment in its own infrastructure, so it has 950 mil. CZK with a return of 6 years. With an average price of the excavation, including the laying of a cable of CZK 1,500 / m2, an LDU with a length of 630 km can be built. With an investment of 900mil. CZK, the city is 100% energy independent and after 6 years at current energy prices, the city receives income to the city treasury in the amount of CZK 161 million per year. With a useful life of PV panels of 15 years, the city can gain up to CZK 1.4 billion and at the same time provide citizens with 100% independence from any external influence and gain additional competitive advantages: · · · · ·

Guaranteed price of energy for 15 years Resistance to black-out Profit from the sale of green energy Emission-free energy sources Other income and benefits - citizens install PV on their own roofs and become part of the community‘s electricity production – i.e., the citizen benefits from the sale of energy

Following the example of Vienna or Bristol, it is proposed to set up an investment fund, enabling citizens to participate in community energy.

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Smart urban energy : architecture of the urban program

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URBAN ENERGY FACES DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION. TO BE SUCCESSFUL AND EFFECTIVE, IT IS NECESSARY TO HAVE A COMPREHENSIVE IDEA OF WHAT IT CONSISTS OF, HOW THE INDIVIDUAL

How to understand architecture The architecture is based on 4 layers of energy digitization:

ELEMENTS ARE RELATED AND WHAT ROLES THE INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPANTS SHOULD PLAY. BECAUSE ENERGY IS

1. LAYER ORGANIZATION: how to organize and plan investments from the city‘s position

A SO-CALLED KILLER APPLICATION OF DIGITIZATION IN THE CONCEPT OF SMART

2. LAYER REGISTRY AND DATA: how to register assets and collect data

CITY, ALSO THANKS TO A SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT, THE FOLLOWING ARCHITECTURE SHOULD BE

3. LAYER INFORMATION: how to inﬂuence the price, production, distribution, and consumption of energy

KNOWN AND UNDERSTOOD BY EVERY CITY REPRESENTATIVE.

This article thus provides an overview of the new generation of urban energy, which is then described in the form of other articles that deal with individual elements. The intersection of digitization and energy creates a matrix / architecture with 16 components that allow each product in the ﬁeld of energy to be included in the so-called „value chain“, deﬁne the roles of individual stakeholders, including appropriate business models and procedures for implementing local / municipal decentralized managed energy network. In general, the most advanced products are in the Management layer and in the activities on the Consumption side, i.e.,a peer2peer platform. The educational program for the Ministry of Industry and Trade is thus structured according to this architecture and represents a description of individual steps, activities, and tools for the gradual and conceptual implementation of the municipal LDA.

: Ad Plan energy In the context of digitization, the Plans are not a literary work, but a digital map (model) containing, in individual layers, a complete passport of energy production, distribution networks and energy consumption, not only the current state, but also plans and investments. The city organizes all operators/potential investors in one digital model in the form of the Municipal Innovation Consortium and uses various ﬁnancial resources in the Municipal Innovation Fund. Only thanks to this approach synergies can be found between the

4. LAYER MANAGEMENT: how to manage the local / municipal energy network

Energy is divided into 4 verticals according to the type of activities 1.

Activities and tools of the city

Activities and tools of energy production

Activities and tools of energy distribution and storage

Activities and tools of energy consumption

investments of individual actors, not only in the energy sector. These efforts result in signiﬁcant revenues to the city treasury, citizen involvement through programs like those in Vienna and Bristol, local employment and education, the digital economy and the use of big data and artiﬁcial intelligence, as well as completely new services such as electromobility support. It is a mental shift from the socialist understanding of public administration (investor, contractor, operator) to innovative (initiator, organizer, supporter of civil society). This shift can be illustrated by the example of vehicle charging stations deployment; the approach now in place is for the city to „tender“ a contractor, who will then install several units, especially near the town hall. The innovative approach was successful, for example, in Rostock, Germany, where the city operated a subsidy program for citizens for three years to build charging stations on its land accor-

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GOVERNANCE/MUNICIPALITY PLAN ENERGY Vision • Legislation: Regulation 2016/631 Environment of many suppliers • Organization: Urban Innovation Consortium and Fund (MiC and MiF) and model of roles in energy services • Testing: Living lab • Status: Energy audits and assessments • Financing: Energy ﬁnancing, accounting, and taxes • Managed energy decentralization plan: - Energy plans and zoning concepts - Local energy production plan - Local distribution system plan - Energy management plan - Climate-energy plans - Measuring the quality of energy supply and measures against black-out

MEASURE ENERGY Energy management • Register of energy equipment • Register of IT (IoT / netmetering) equipment

INFLUENCE ENERGY/ INFORMATION

CONTROL AND SECURE ENERGY

ding to the standard and with public access, after which the city reimbursed 100% of the investment. Thus, within three years, a standard area network of charging stations was available in the city, which the city itself would never be able to implement. This innovative model can also be applied to other services.

: Ad Measure energy Simple digital registration of all devices, whether energy or telecommunications, acquired by various entities (state and its organizations, region, city, municipal companies, private companies, associations) in one digital model supports the data economy and facilitates decision-making, thus encouraging investments.

Trading energy on market

Urban energy distribution areas (interconnection and management of resources, distribution, and consumption) and co-investment with other services

The city or region is an ideal level for managing such registers / models, making it easier for other investors to connect (a generally accepted standard) with their devices / sensors / data, while mapping what needs exist in the area and how they can be addressed effectively (e.g., connect citizens‘ solar power plants to a nearby substation of a production plant). This overcomes organizational barriers that hinder the development of a democratic society and sustainable business the most.

: Ad Inﬂuence energy Plans and related registers are used to create digital models, i.e. new ways to buy energy at the right time, how to eliminate

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SOURCES/ PRODUCTION

INFRASTRUCTURE/ ACCUMULATION

USER/CONSUMPTION

Local energy production plan

Local energy distribution system plan

Energy consumption management plan

• • • • • • • •

• Energy and heating network plan • Clean / low carbon mobility plan • Hydrogen economy plan

• Community heating/energy plants • Circular economics • Public lighting plan

Cadastres of energy sources / production

Distribution network cadastres

Energy consumption cadastre

• • • • •

• Cadastre of substations, transformer stations and grids • Cadastre of spare sources and battery ﬁelds • Sectional/branch net metering

• Cadastre of energy consumption • Netmetering (remote readings)

Marketplace of resources in the territory Emissions Trading

Big Data Processing for Production / Storage / Consumption Management

Mobile applications for energy savings and „night mode“ for end customers or for Smart Home

Digital twin en. resources

Decentralized system control

Sharing and trading

• Digital twin heating plant • Digital twin power plants

• Digital twin transmission system: Smart grids • Energy storage and management of island systems

• Peer2peer platforms • Control of charging stations • Consumption control (command and Alarm logs)

Renewable resources (RES) Hydrogen energy plan / green methane Plan for energy gain from parking areas Plan for energy gain from buildings Plan for energy gain from WWTP Plan for energy gain from Waste Plan for energy gain from industrial areas Plan for energy gain from Geothermal energy

Solar cadastre Wind cadastre Polluters cadastre Heat cadastre 3D model of buildings

peak performance by connecting other sources or accumulation, how to involve artiﬁcial intelligence, based on long-term data from many sources on various phenomena (so-called big data) pre-processed possible scenarios for decision - making of councils or other investors, operators (e.g. data centres) but also citizens (suitable tariff, timing of larger consumption, etc.).

: Ad Control energy The most difficult and at the same time the most expensive level is energy distribution network management, even regarding possible blackouts. German experience with urban energy systems has conﬁrmed that the energy network is more stable

despite volatile renewables, and stability is aided by two factors - many sources and consumers in one network to better identify ﬂuctuations and digitization to effectively manage and predict potential threats. Digital twin sources bring signiﬁcant savings in production and operation with a high return on investment, and the digitization of the distribution network is a prerequisite for smart homes and new business models of electricity trading. Digitization also makes it possible to overcome silos thinking, which can be illustrated, for example, by the original function of electromobility, which has gradually “disappeared in translation” - as a network of many storage sources where I can store surpluses or use them at negative electricity prices. e.g., instead of diesel generators in an emergency).

city : governance

What city energy manager needs to know and to have ENERGY MANAGER IS NOT A DATA COLLECTOR FROM METERS TO PUT THEM INTO EXCEL, HE/SHE DOES NOT ONLY DEAL WITH INVOICE PAYMENTS ACCORDING TO CURRENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND IS NOT LIMITED TO ENERGY PURCHASE COMPETITIONS. THE ENERGY MANAGER SHOULD BE A KEY STRATEGIST WHO CAN PREPARE INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN THE ORDER OF TENS OR HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF CZK AND ENABLE THE CITY TO BECOME MORE ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENT, SAFER, MORE DEVELOPED, AND RICHER.

: Energy manager: energy infrastructure governor If any organization needs to carry out energy infrastructure management, it is necessary to deﬁne: · ·

ENERGY AREA: these are the exact boundaries of the area under energy management COMPETENCES: this is a precise definition of the competencies of the energy manager in each area

In the case of a municipality, these are: ·

· ·

SUPPORT AND COOPERATION OF THE CITY MANAGEMENT (financial and procedural), i.e., the statement of the local government that it has a real interest in the management of energy infrastructure in its property and intends to invest KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING, or the help of an external partner with the preparation of investments SYSTEM / SW TOOL for data collection and evaluation

Today, energy is one of the most changing areas in our society. The fundamental changes are taking place due to the increasing pressure of the European Union on the efficient use of energy in all Member States, and thus also in the Czech Republic, and due to dynamic changes in the energy market. As a result, the legislation is undergoing signiﬁcant changes. Act No. 458/2000 Coll. was amended. Energy Act, Act No. 406/2000 Coll. on energy management, Act No. 201/2012 Coll. on air protection, some of their implementing regulations and ČSN or TNI standards. Further changes to these and other laws or decrees are being prepared. The energy market provides certain rights to customers, but at the same time requires them to fulfil their obligations. The rights lie mainly in the possibility of choosing an energy supplier. The obligations consist mainly in the need to secure the purchase of energy. The expected benefit for the customer is a reduction in the price of energy due to the competitive environment and a wider range of additional services.

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Transformer station - illustration of transparent passport where you see everything you need

It follows from the above that for a quality energy management, whether in the ﬁeld of production or non-production, precise knowledge of the energy market, price products of energy suppliers and legislation is required. The resulting energy costs of the customer largely depend on the way in which the knowledge is used. Due to the ever-increasing energy prices, the variety of products offered by suppliers and sometimes rapidly changing legislation, the requirement for a professional approach to the management of the organization‘s energy management is constantly increasing. In the context of these changes, the organization‘s energy management is a highly specialized function that requires a so-called full-time professional. However, this is associated with high wage expenditures. Resolving a situation with a city worker with cumulative functions is not optimal, as it may mean a lower degree of orientation in energy issues and, as a result, higher energy costs for the organization than necessary. The way to reduce them may not always be associated with investment costs, but sometimes a simple change of contractual

data with the supplier of the relevant energy or a change in the price product is sufficient. The recommended solution for organizations is to ensure the performance of the energy function in the form of an external service, or an energy manager shared by several municipalities. There are several advantages to this collaboration.

The most important are: ·

· ·

PERFORMANCE COSTS - energy management using external / shared energy services is lower than the salary with the related costs of the own employee, PROFESSIONAL APPROACH, expertise, and experience in the field of energy, THE USE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TRANSFER OF DATA from billing meters and software for the processing of data and overviews of energy consumption without the need for high acquisition costs and regular software updates, which is thus provided as part of external energy services, USE OF PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE in the field of energy management.

city : governance Continuous improvement Energy policy

Modelling passport

Planning Static passport

Management system review

Implementation and operation Dynamic passport

Internal audit

Inspection and corrective actions

Monitoring and measurement

Corrective and prevention actions

: Amendment to the Energy Act – Energy audits The aim of the amendment to the Energy Act 406/2000 Coll. The Energy Management Act (energy law), effective from 25th January 2020 (there are no implementing legal regulations / decrees), is the search for energy savings and reducing the carbon footprint either by reducing consumption or by increasing the share of RES. § 9 - Energy audit (EA) determines, inter alia, the obligation to process for (§9 para. 3): the Czech Republic, region, municipality, contributory organization of the state, region or municipality, state organization established by law24), state and public university and the Czech National Bank is obliged to ensure that an energy audit is carried out for the energy management of their properties if the value of the average annual energy consumption of the energy mana-

gement for the last 2 consecutive calendar years is higher than 500 MWh. This audit must be performed (§9 par. 8 b) within 1 year from the occurrence of the obligation based on energy management data for the 2 years preceding the occurrence of the obligation and must be performed in accordance with legal regulations. In the case of a value of 35000 MWh and higher, they will perform an energy audit within 3 years from the occurrence of the obligation. Energy management is applied to a building or an operation if their energy consumption can be determined based on measurable input and output. (this will probably include buildings, processes, and transport). Again, it will only be speciﬁed in a new decree. The new EA should be „a systematic monitoring and analysis of energy consumption in order to gain sufficient knowledge

city : one of existing energy management in the energy sector, which identifies and quantifies cost-effective energy saving options and reports findings“

· ·

The EA is valid for 10 years, or if there is a change of more than 25% in energy management per year for 2 consecutive years compared to the current EA. For large entrepreneurs, the validity is 4 years, changes in the meantime are not addressed. If an existing EA ceases to be valid due to a change in consumption, a new EA must be purchased within 1 year.

Typical activities and workload of energy manager It is possible to replace EA by introducing a certiﬁed ISO 50001 system for the entire energy management of the entity. The energy manager is in charge of supplying the various buildings with the necessary energy supplies - electricity, gas, water and steam. He/she regularly monitors the costs of individual energy consumption and creates possible measures that would lead to its reduction.

Uses energy performance indicators of buildings - EnPI Monitors and ensures compliance with legislative requirements in relation to energy (EU energy label, EA, inspections and controls of boilers, air conditioning…) ensures that the energy supply is of good quality

Prerequisites for the position of energy manager · · · · · · ·

analytical thinking diligence creative approach communication skills conceptual approach organizational skills ability to innovate

: Passport: the gateway to online administration The basic working tool of every energy professional is a passport. The concept is not unknown, but it is seldom actually done as it should. The passport process or the process of collecting information and creating passports is one of the basic activities in asset management. This important tool for asset management records the construction, technical, technological, and dynamic condition of the equipment, serves as a basis for planning other processes, extending the lifetime of infrastructure and equipment, etc.

Role of energy manager ·

· · ·

· ·

· · ·

knows the environment and all facilities in the area, is aware of the entire energy management of the municipality based on the passport (see below) pays attention to the economical use of energy in buildings, regularly monitors the cost of individual energy monitors individual energy facilities and plans, manages, or ensures their maintenance, monitors significant energy use and consumption and thus predicts future developments in energy consumption and costs, monitors and evaluates data on electricity, gas, heat, and water consumption at least monthly and the energy costs optimizes distribution rates and circuit breaker sizes with respect to savings or for new development creates possible measures that would lead to a reduction in energy consumption and evaluates the effectiveness of implemented energy saving measures works with the energy performance of buildings and monitors and evaluates the heating efficiency of buildings Evaluates the use of thermal energy using the day-class method Monitors and evaluates CO2 production

The passport shows that each part of each infrastructure is very closely linked to another. It is thus possible to gradually create, record, modify and model various investments in energy and manage the maximum online. Each passport should have two levels, technical (detailed) and management (overview).

Static passport It is a basic record and description of equipment, buildings, infrastructure, and other related objects, including all details. The description needs to be in both documentation and visual form, and in a logical sequence. The passport is performed in two categories (technical and management).

Dynamic passport This is data collection, which takes place mostly based on electronic measurement systems (remote readings, so called net metering). Information can be transmitted in both numerical and image formats. Individual data are imported in the necessary (required) time intervals and are subsequently evaluated at the centre.

city : governance Showcase of photo part of static passport

Input 1 (HV switchboard distributor)

Input 2 (HV switchboard investor)

Input 3 (630 kVA oil transformer, manufacturer yyyyyy)

LV switchboard

remote readings (netmetering)

Monitoring of a quarter-hour maximum

: Model based passport (digital twin)

: Passport example (numerical and photo)

This passport is a top superstructure, which based on well-processed passports allows to create dynamic models of the system, predict future states, and use artiﬁcial intelligence in a cloud environment with high computing power to work on big data. This will give us a digital twin that is used to test the possibilities of implementing various technologies and devices. The digital twin will allow you to make decisions, invest, supplement, and change the infrastructure based on real requirements and needs. It will enable long-term strategic management of digital, technical, technological, and work operations - processes of system management, system of data collection, transmission and storage and ensuring their structure and security. It is a suitable preparation for the publication of open data to support the data economy and innovation, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Transformer station · · · · · · · ·

Location (GPS coordinates, cadastre / ownership, etc.) Parent distributor (This is the infrastructure that powers the device) Measurement on the LV - HV side Installed power input 500 kW Annual reserved capacity 300 kW Monthly reserved capacity 100 kW Energy Supplier (XXXX) Start - End of the contract Transformer station type

Stříbro: Static passport of the concrete plant and its energy environment as a basis for the LDA design

Hluboká: Example of the LDA desing of the municipality of Hluboká, interconnection of municipal and private energy sources in the area

Complete support for the establishment of a Local Distribution Area (LDA) in your municipality - area

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city : governance

A joint project of the Prague 19 district (Kbely) and the Pražská plynárenská a.s. IN THE CITY DISTRICT OF THE PRAGUE 19 - KBELY DISTRICT (AS THE MAYOR PAVEL ŽDÁRSKÝ LIKES TO SAY, THE SMALLEST CITY DISTRICT IN PRAGUE, WHICH HAS ITS OWN NUMBER), THEY HAVE A LONG-TERM PROBLEM WITH THE QUALITY OF HEAT SUPPLY. IN THE HEATING SEASON 2019/2020, THE HEAT SUPPLIER HAD MORE THAN 20 FAILURES ON THE PRIMARY FEEDER FOR KBELY, WHICH RESULTED IN AN INTERRUPTION OF HEAT SUPPLY. THE KBELY HEAT CONTROL IS MORALLY AND TECHNICALLY OBSOLETE. This results in large heat losses and a high price of heat for the inhabitants. The situation regarding Kbely‘s heat management has become unsustainable and the mayor, together with other representatives of the city district, has faced a difficult question how to further address this unsatisfactory situation, what to do for safe and quality heat supply and comfort of Kbely residents. Coincidentally, a project to build a new city sports hall was underway at the same time. Here, too, they had to solve the heating system, and in the end, they decided to heat the new hall with a gas boiler room. The tender for the construction of a gas boiler room was won by Prometheus energetické služby, a.s. member of the group Pražská plynárenská a.s. Prometheus offered a solution in the form of a so-called energy contract, not only to implement the gas boiler on a turnkey basis, but it also ensured its ﬁnancing and its operation, including the subsequent production and supply of thermal energy. However, the concept of Kbely total heating was a signiﬁcantly bigger problem, as the

mayor says. This is a decision for many years to come, and our main goal was to improve the quality of life of our inhabitants, when we wanted to provide them with a safe and trouble-free heat supply and to reduce heat costs. Heat costs can represent more than 50% of a normal household‘s budget. We worked on the preparation of the concept for more than a year and the events from the last heating season only confirmed the need for a quick solution to the reconstruction of the heat supply. When preparing the concept, we addressed specialists, for example, we cooperated with an energy expert Mr. Ing. Jiří Gavor, CSc. Within the working group, we finally concluded that it would be ideal to disconnect from the existing district heat supply and convert the completely morally and technically obsolete heat management to natural gas. Regarding Kbely‘s budgetary possibilities, the entry of a strategic energy partner was recommended. Based on the evaluation of various variants of cooperation, a model of establishing a joint venture with a renowned energy company was finally chosen, which

best met the set goals and requirements, namely long-term heat sustainability while maintaining control by the city district. Here again, the cooperation with Prometheus was useful, which we tested during the construction of the new city sports hall, where the cooperation went without any problems and everything Prometheus promised was kept. For us, Prometheus is a natural partner for the establishment of a joint venture; unlike private energy companies, it is 100% owned by the City of Prague, which owns it through Pražská plynárenská a.s. After demanding preparations, on Thursday, October 22, 2020, after more than 18 months of negotiations, which were so long due to the COVID - 19 pandemic in the spring, Prometheus, energetické služby, a.s. has signed a shareholder agreement with the City District of Prague 19 - Kbely. The joint venture will be called Teplo pro Kbely a.s. (Heat for Kbely). The ownership arrangements in the joint venture are as follows. Kbely owns a 25% stake, representing a contribution of assets (exchan-

city : one Yes, this project is primarily focused on the quality of heat supply. The existing district heating infrastructure was built in the ﬁrst half of the 1990s and is almost 30 years old, which of course affects the quality and efficiency of its operation. As part of our project, we will rebuild practically the entire system, anew. During the reconstruction of the heat system, new heat pipes with effective insulation will be built. Block boiler rooms will consist of a cascade of boilers that will be able to represent each other in the event of an outage. The entire system will be connected to a modern control room, which will constantly evaluate the operation and monitor fault conditions. The service life of the entire system will again be at least 30 years. : What about downtime? The advantage of gas boilers is that they practically do not need downtime. If something needs to be repaired, the repair takes hours and people don‘t even know something is going on.

ger stations, boiler rooms and heat distribution) with a total value of CZK 5,693,850. Prometheus owns a 75% stake in the amount of CZK 17,081,550, which will primarily serve for the reconstruction of heat network. The Board of Directors of the joint venture will consist of representatives from the Pražská plynárenská a.s. The Supervisory Board will be staffed by representatives of the Kbely City District. The Teplo pro Kbely a.s. will supply the inhabitants of this district with approx. 28k GJ of thermal energy per year. The project is also focused on ecology. The existing heat supplied to Kbely is produced in the Mělník lignite power plant. The new boiler rooms will be equipped with modern gas condensing boilers, which meet the strictest emission limits. At the same time, sources for combined heat and power generation and technologies using renewable sources, such as photovoltaic panels, will be connected to the system. We expect the ecological beneﬁt of the project to save up to 3,200 tons of CO2 per year after the completion of the entire project.

Chairman of the Board of Directors of the newly established company Teplo pro Kbely a.s. became Ing. Ludvík Baleka, with whom we had the following interview:

: You‘re investing min. CZK 60 million and will make the heat cheaper for the inhabitants of Kbely, is it possible? If this were not possible, we would not be able to commit to this in the shareholder agreement with the Kbely district. This contract states that the price of heat will fall by at least 17% compared to 2019 for citizens who will already be connected to gas boiler rooms.

: How long will you implement the project of transition from coal to greener gas? The construction of gas boilers, heat exchanger stations and the renewal of hot water distribution will take two to three years.

INTRODUCTION Prometheus a.s. member of the Pražská plynárenská, a.s.:

: How much do you plan to invest in Kbely? So far, we plan to invest at least CZK 60 million. More than CZK 50 million will be provided by our company, of which CZK 33 million will go directly to the construction of new sources, CZK 17 million, our contribution to the joint venture, will be used to modernize the heating distribution system. The remaining funds will be covered by the loan. : Will this solve the reliability of heat supply for the inhabitants of Kbely?

Prometheus, energetické služby, a.s., a member of the Pražská plynárenská, a.s. has been operating in the energy services market for 25 years. The company is 100% owned by Pražská plynárenská, a.s. Prometheus operates more than 170 boiler rooms and supplies heat to 10,000 households in Prague, the Central Bohemian Region, and other regions of the Czech Republic. It offers a solution to the so-called energy contract, where boiler plants are built, ﬁnanced, operated and heat is supplied. Prometheus is also involved in combined heat and power.

city : governance

Innovation management WE HAVE REACHED A POINT WHERE IT IS NO LONGER POSSIBLE TO MANAGE ONLY THROUGH CONTINUOUS OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONS, BUT IT IS NECESSARY TO CREATE A NEW FEATURE IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - INNOVATION MANAGEMENT.

This is best done through Digital Modeling (Digital Twin is the content of Industry 4.0) and Digital Models require new expertise, organization, collaboration and tools. Management consists in simplifying and streamlining informed decision-making and its communication. We aim for sustainability and competitiveness. The existing management systems block the natural innovation activities of both the local government itself and the persons, associations and business organizations active in their territory, coordinated by them.

If the municipality is considering improvements, for example through innovative energy programs, then it should take into account the following necessary steps: ·

· ·

Who will be competent in innovation (establishment of the role of Innovation Coordinator and Innovation Team of municipality) How will it coordinate the fulfillment of local needs (establishment of the Municipal Innovation Consortium) How will the municipality coordinate various sources (establishment of the Municipal Innovation Fund)

: Organization of innovative functions of the city – Innovation team of the city We are experiencing a period characterized by dynamic changes. Some come from the outside (they are objective - technology, work organization, legislation and standards,…) and some we try to evoke ourselves because we have identiﬁed such a need. Innovation thus becomes an expertise in itself. They are

a field that is equipped with content, resources, terminology, methodologies and standards. The output of the described change is the setting of a regular holistic performance of the innovation role in the organization, which was standardized by ISO 41000 in 2018. Unlike the previous concept, when innovation is started by establishing a specific, narrowly focused project. There, individuality is solved there, which is no longer enough, because then we solve innovation from the point of view of one field (for example, transport - crossroads) at the expense of other fields (for example, connectivity, or public space - greenery and local microclimate). The role of municipality is therefore to manage innovation in its bodies and organizations as an ongoing role, to coordinate innovation in its territory with other investors and in the vicinity with other local governments. In short, the road is not just the infrastructure of one city but connects many cities and towns. We need to return to the correct establishment of public services according to the logic of Cost Benefit Analysis. The basis of the CBA is the identification of the needs of clients and the benefits of beneficiaries and their way of participating in a specific type of public service. As a result, the smart city will dig up the street only once.

: „The smart city will dig up the street only once“ The city can fulﬁl the role of the Innovation Coordinator only by using all available resources, including personnel, established in the Inno-

city : one

vation Team of the local government. No city has all the expertise and experience for a holistic approach to innovation. Therefore, the cities agreed to cooperate within the Association for Innovation CZECH.UP, where they use the logic of the Demonstrators known from the successful approach of the British Future Cities Catapult.

: Coordinating role of the city – Municipal Innovation Consortium (MiK)

Inovation structure of municipality, CZECH.UP membership

The Municipal Innovation Consortium is a professional innovation body of the city / region, which is methodically managed by a specialist shared through the CZECH.UP association. MiK‘s task is to fulﬁl the innovative role of the City by coordinating action plans (i.e., development plans) of major investors and the interests of communities in the area so that the needs work synergistically and not against each other.

Municipality is developing on many levels and no preferred one can be determined: · · · · · · · ·

The spirit of the city, regions, brand, the main goals of the change Organizational and communication skills Spatial development (urbanism, ability to actively work with the territory) Economic development (economy with high added value, future resources, LDA) Availability of services (quality of life, cause of transport) Transport (parking, congestion…) Availability of resources (water, energy, sustainable environment, education, connectivity,…) Community development (community coworking centre, exclusion prevention, community power plants, gardens, services, shared economy…)

The operating practice supported by CZECH.UP focuses on eGovernance, as a prerequisite for any change. It also includes tools that support change and that local governments can share. We also apply a holistic view of innovations in a specific field of expertise and thus try to identify the triggers of positive change. Imagine, for example, traffic - parking restrictions, controlled entrances, fines. However, if we do not address the availability of the service, i.e., the reason why people must travel, the result will not come. A holistic view will enable the feasibility of change, for example, by identifying additional benefits. In addition, other infrastructure (grid) may be installed in each cycle path, the beneficiary of which may be the city, or several other entities - the region, or other investors, including private ones. Coordination of these plans and resources is the way to efficiency, quality, and sustainability.

Municipality, its bodies and organizations state, investors in a territory

Inovations coordinators of cooperating municipalities

Structure of cooperation partners on innovation in the territory

The Municipal Innovation Consortium is established as a body of the City‘s Innovation Team and has the form of an expertly led CZECH. UP team of representatives of important partners. This team uses the methodologies, procedures, expertise, and tools of CZECH.UP and thus effectively manages its own innovation potential. Coordinating role of the city - Municipal Innovation Fund (MiF) According to CZECH.UP, MiF coordinates the effective use of available resources relevant to coordinated action plans through MiK. This coordination concerns the whole life cycle of the innovation, not just its acquisition. The task of the MiF is not to „collect“ funds from individual investors and transfer them to the city account and then compete for the acquisition of a „smart bench“, but to coordinate the participation of all beneﬁciaries in innovation, including the efficient use of tangible and intangible resources and managing the elimination of their losses. (e.g., unnecessary transfer from one VAT system to another), sharing of staff capacity and social capital and risk management. It therefore coordinates the natural synergistic participation of all beneﬁciaries in innovation. It also uses the legal environment within CZECH.UP, which uses proven and legal forms. All these activities take place in the environment of public services - i.e., transparently, non-discriminatory, with the involve-

city : governance innovations. The whole professionally guided cooperation of various entities does not address one type of interest, such as parking, because it cannot be solved in the long run by mobility tools, but especially through the controlled availability of services on site. Thus, through coordination in MiK, one type of partner‘s interest often turns into another, more complex and more sustainable. The advantage is the use of Digital models and tools for cooperation among experts and organizations and the use of standards and patterns that CZECH.UP manages.

ment of all beneﬁciaries and with the protection of clients of the service. After all, the whole logic works exclusively with the service, in the whole life cycle. This is how it is also evaluated (CBA) and in this logic sustainable legal partnerships emerge. The city therefore coordinates all the interests of the service partners in the territory, which have been identiﬁed through the CBA logic. The use of standardized MiK and MiF bodies with the use of the professional management of CZECH.UP leads to holistically led

the city applies approaches SUBJECT

SERVICE

FEATURES public service

public service of economic interest

type

commercial service Municipality innovations transpartent characteristics non discriminator

evaluation

CBA

Základní typy partnerů v MiK a MiF podle pravidel jejich fungování MUNICIPALITY (STATE SECTOR)

COMPANY

NGO

COMMUNITY

• cycling of politicians (elections) and political ﬁghts • budgeting • approval - ﬁnancial check (city council, ...) • budgetary determination • out of VAT regime (usually) • social capital • local knowledge

• budget, relative ability to act • in VAT mode • tax deductibility of costs • social capital

• rules for the use of funds • outside the VAT regime • purposefulness

• social capital • local knowledge

city : one

CZECH.UP association for local government innovations CZECH.UP is an association for cooperation of local governments on innovation services in the territory. We organize the cooperation of local governments to cooperate and share innovations. We are based on the philosophy of successful British model Future Cities Catapult (Connected Places).

We help local governments manage innovations METHODOLOGICALLY (establishment and support of the Innovation Team of Local Government, establishment of MiK and MiF and equipping the local government with the necessary tools and models, which are created expertly within the cooperation of local governments in CZECH.UP) PROFESSIONALLY (a multi-field professional team capable of working together holistically and is an expert in applying professional innovations through eGovernance to the functioning of municipality. The result is that „we will dig the street only once“) DIGITALLY (CZECH.UP members can use the methodological, knowledge and software tools of the association needed for teamwork, coordination, training, and innovation management. This facilitates and streamlines their acquisition, allows sharing of highly specialized expertise and preparation of development plans not only at the knowledge level, but specific processes described in the SW together) EFFICIENTLY (by not only sharing experience from specific innovations, but through the Demonstrator they can “turn on” an innovated service created by another municipality, we deprive municipalities of the unpleasant role of the development workplace. Users will encounter the same form of service more often in other municipalities. This approach fulfils the coordinating role of the regions. LEGALLY (when implementing innovations, we fully respect the legislation, applicable standards, and methodologies, e.g., the Financial Control Act)

The performance of the coordinating role of the CZECH.UP association among local governments is highly professional and is one of the reasons for its establishment. The basis is the expert implementation of eGovernance, as an innovation management system. Innovative bodies of local governments such as the Innovation Team, MiK and MiF are methodically led by CZECH.UP experts and at the same time use common methodological and SW tools and logics of cooperation in Demonstrators (proven British approach to public service innovations). We aim for an eﬀective management system for sharing good practice and at the same time widespread availability of the same public service for its clients.

CZECH.UP works in the Central European area and is therefore able to create a value chain of significant innovative services with enough clients.

www.czech-up.cz

city : governance

How we prepared the concept of smart and sustainable neighbourhood of

Chytré Líchy AT THE EDGE OF THE SOUTH MORAVIAN TOWN OF ŽIDLOCHOVICE AN ORDINARY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE BUILT – A SATELLITE QUARTER OF BRNO CITY. SIMILAR TO MANY OTHERS: DETACHED HOUSES SEPARATED BY HIGH FENCES, RESIDENTS LEAVING IN THE MORNING AND RETURNING IN THE EVENING JUST TO SLEEP OVER, TWO CARS AT EVERY HOUSE, SUN-BAKED ROADS IN SUMMER AND ENGLISH LAWNS KEPT ALIVE WITH DRINKING WATER.

However, the original plan was abandoned and the municipality owning a part of the land in the locality called Líchy, in agreement with other owners and in cooperation with the Passive House Centre, decided to try another way. As a result, the outcome should become a model example of smart and sustainable type of modern construction, combining the latest ecological and smart technologies along with

features of social innovation promoting good neighbourly relations. In mid-2019, a project was launched, supported by the German Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, aimed at preparation of the optimal land use for the new CO2 neutral district, in accordance with the principles of sustainable development based on smart cities concept. Thanks to a complex approach, this project serves as a unique model example of good practice of sustainable settlement planning in accordance with the principles of environmental conservation, environmentally friendly use of resources, climate change adaptation, sustainable development, innovation and digital transformation, and citizen involvement in decision making. To ensure optimal design and minimization of isolated, mutually harmful solutions, a multidisciplinary team was involved in the design, which considered the interrelationships of the area with existing installations, physical and technical parameters of the location, natural areas, socioeconomic, architectural, and cultural aspects and requirements. The initial step was to decide what should be the composition of the new district residents. In collaboration with sociologists, a set of principles and recommendations for social innovation has been developed, that can be applied in the locality in order to promote environmentally friendly development, technological solutions and a good quality of life of its inhabitants.

city : one

The working group focused on three key questions: · · ·

What groups of inhabitants is the housing planned for? What types of buildings and services can be provided in the locality? What are the goals of the project and the values contained in it?

Emphasis lies on the quality of the external and internal environment (private, semi-private and public spaces), user-friendly environment and technologies, environmental and social friendliness of sharing, flexibility of offered solutions, user participation and evaluation of the implemented solutions over time. The second step was to set specific goals, verify their deliverability and propose possible ways to achieve them. We took advantage of our experience in common architectural-urbanistic competitions. Their assignment is very often vague (e.g. general requirement for energy-efficient buildings), usually resulting in specific proposals, which address the general assignment with a general solution (e.g. with a simple statement that energy-efficient buildings are to be built in the locality). In our case, we decided that the assignment for territorial research will be very specific, but at the same time we would leave the architects in the design as much freedom as possible.

Ambitious sub-goals were set by the team assembled from experts in various ﬁelds: · ·

· · · ·

Achieving carbon neutrality in energy consumption for the operation of buildings Achieving savings of 50 % in drinking water consumption in the area and savings of 50 % of wastewater being discharged from the territory Creation of a local water cycle Creation of a public space with a high residential quality designed primarily for non-motorized transport Ensure, through organizational measures, no emerging of traffic Limiting the number of owned vehicles and traffic areas.

Various architects will be addressed with a call for proposals for an urban study and required to fulfil set goals. They will be consulted on the proposals throughout the course in order to ensure they are heading for the right goal. At the end, we want to be deciding between several high quality proposals instead of choosing the least bad option. Due to limited financial resources, we also proposed some possible ways to achieve these goals. Architects can either use the proposed procedures in their designs (and subsequently demonstrate the achievement of these goals in a simplified way) or propose another solution (and demonstrate the fulfilment of the goals in detail). In this article, we focus on the power industry objective, which

city : governance is the carbon neutrality of the operation of buildings. Carbon neutral means zero (or negative) carbon dioxide emissions associated with energy consumption in given locality. Mains powered electricity consumption and the purchase of other energy can be compensated by the electricity and/or heat production at the site and the export of surpluses outside the Chytré Líchy. Therefore the aim is not the creation of a closed system disconnected from public networks or without external energy supply. The objective is determined by the operation of the building - the so-called tied emissions in materials or in the reconstruction or demolition of a building are not included. This goal is not allowed to be achieved through the purchase of electricity with a guaranteed origin from renewable sources with a zero CO2 coefficient. Due to the absence of a speciﬁc architectural design, 60 housing units in apartment buildings and 20 detached houses are considered for the locality. Natural gas and high voltage connection are available at the edge of the locality.

Achieving carbon neutrality follows two basic approaches, while optimally both should be used in the following order:

STEP 1 Reduction of ﬁnal energy consumption or increasing energy efficiency is the first step. The goal is to reduce energy consumption no matter from which source the energy is supplied.

STEP 2 Increasing the share of local energy production from renewable sources

The energy concept was developed by Radovan Kohút and Jiří Cihlář from the Brno company CEVRE consultants s.r.o. A total of 14 variant solutions for supplying the site with energy were evaluated. However, this is not a ﬁnal list of all possible solutions.

after reducing the energy demand, energy requirements are covered by local energy sources or power supply from public networks. Primarily energy carriers with zero or very low carbon dioxide coefficient should be used.

The starting position for comparison is the BASELINE variant. In this variant all buildings are considered as buildings with almost zero energy consumption, i.e. meeting current legal requirements. Each building is an individual consumption site, i.e. it purchases electricity directly from the low voltage network from the selected supplier. A natural gas boiler located in each individual apartment house and every detached house is used for heating and hot water. Within the apartment house the heating and hot water is distributed to individual apartments through internal pipes. This variant currently represents probably the most common solution. The main advantage is low investment costs. The disadvantage is in our case the failure to achieve the set goal without all roofs of houses and shelters being covered with photovoltaic panels. Together with other requirements, e.g. maximum restrictions on underground networks due to the requirements for greenery, gas distribution to individual buildings is another disadvantage. In this basic variant, buildings in the locality contribute to the production of 286 tons of CO2 per year.

TARGET

All proposed variants, except for the BASELINE variant, assume buildings with a very low demand for heat for heating, cooling and water heating, corresponding to the parameters of the passive house. Furthermore, these variants are considering a connection of the entire Chytré Líchy site to the electricity distribution system using one connection point (so-called Microgrid), i.e. one billing electricity meter from the power supplier is installed and secondary electricity

„CARBON ZERO“

meters for individual detached houses and apartments are used to allocate costs within the Microgrid. The advantages of this solution are the possibility of using RES within the entire local network, the possibility of using one battery storage for the whole locality and more favourable price of electricity. The term „Microgrid“ is not a well-established name and it is not yet enshrined in Czech legal system, however, an introduction of a similar system is assumed within 2-3 years. Possible equivalent of this term is „community energy“. None of the variants (with the exception of the last one - „hydrogen“) considers the accumulation of electricity, since the investment into battery storage is not economically proﬁtable nowadays. All variants offer a possibility to install an electricity accumulation at any time, though. The installation of battery storage would contribute to a more efficient use of the produced electricity directly in the Chytré Líchy locality. The design therefore needs to take into

city : one account the spatial reserve for battery storage with a maximum size of the standardized container of 12 × 2.5 m.

: A brief overview of the considered variants: The variant that was recommended as the best one considers a gas central heating boiler for heating and hot water supply in apartment buildings and using electric direct heaters in combination with a compact ventilation unit with active waste heat recovery from the air for heating of detached houses. Together with the installation of approx. 495 kWp PV, the locality will achieve carbon neutrality. This variant will bring an annual savings of about 286 tons of CO2 emissions, energy savings of 400 MWh/ year and PE renewable energy production of 420 MWh/year.

Some of the key beneﬁts of the chosen variant are: · · · · · · ·

Optimal combination of low investment and operating costs in meeting the carbon neutrality objective Minimization of distribution of electricity Elimination of outdoor hot water distribution Minimization of natural gas pipelines (only for apartment buildings) Simple and affordable systems with low service and maintenance costs Simple regulation Reasonable size of the photovoltaic system, which can be placed on the roofs of buildings

A more detailed description of all variants of energy solutions, social innovations, water management and Blue-Green infrastructure and sustainable transport can be found in the freely available Feasibility Study at www.chytrelichy.cz. The feasibility study has been created as a basis for a tender for an urban, architectural and landscape solution for the sustainable district of Chytré Líchy. Such a detailed and extensive assignment is unusual, as conﬁrmed by preliminary interviews with some architects. Currently the selection procedure is underway, so it is premature to assess whether our chosen solution (i.e. to know clearly and speciﬁcally in advance what we want to achieve in the area) will prove in practice and whether it will lead to the expected quality solutions. We will describe the evaluation of the preparation process of the assignment and its acceptance by architects in one of our future articles. We will also pay particular attention to our decision to announce open tender instead of an urban competition according to the regulations of the Czech Chamber of Architects - while maintaining all the principles applicable to competitions. “It will be a respectful and friendly environment for people across generations and social status, which will meet their needs. It counts with the full responsibility of all inhabitants towards nature and its changes, but also the active involvement of citizens in the future development of their residence. By this attractive project we would like to keep the young generation in our municipality and also attract missing professions such as doctors, teachers and other professionals, „says Jan Vitula, the mayor of Židlochovice. #Jan Bárta, Centrum pasivního domu

Comparison of investment costs (million CZK without VAT) ENERGY STORAGE PV FOR ZERO CO2 HEATING TOTAL MICROGRID PASSIVE STANDARD

city : governance

Solar cadastre SOLAR CADASTRES ARE ONLINE PORTALS THAT REPRESENT THE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF THE ROOFS OF CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES. THEY MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL BUILDINGS FOR THE INSTALLATION OF SOLAR SYSTEMS.

: Solar cadastre services · · · · ·

capture the desired area during a photographic flight or laser scan photogrammetric data evaluation creation of 3D models to derive potential and performance analysis consideration of the effects of shading, e.g., by buildings or vegetation consideration of times of day and seasons

: Beneﬁts of the solar cadastres offer · ·

suitability for photovoltaic and solar thermal systems calculation of production and yield for the year

· ·

determination of the optimal module area for each roof in square meters CO² detection - measurability of the generated emission allowance

: Details Each roof and other building structures have their own solar capacity depending on the position of the sun, the season, and the nature of its surface. It also affects the shielding capacity of special elements and neighbouring objects. With the knowledge of the solar capacity of areas and buildings, the potential for energy production by photovoltaic and solar thermal systems can be predicted.

city : one In principle, t wo methods can be used to determine the capacities of several solar objects:

1. aerial survey It is possible to conduct aerial surveys with high resolution aerial images. These images are then evaluated by photogrammetry to create a three-dimensional object model that contains all the height, slope, and shading information. Using this model, we can calculate the solar capacity of each detected object. The information contained in the aeronautical information may be recorded at the same time as the existing roof structures and existing equipment and considered in the calculation.

2. laser scanning The second method is a calculation based on aerial laser scanning. It provides a three-dimensional object model, such as photogrammetric analysis, that contains all the necessary information. Based on this information, the solar capacity of all detected objects can be calculated. However, there is no image data, without additional aerial image information, to reﬂect existing solar systems.

: Conclusion CZECH GREEN DEAL solar cadastre is ideally a service of the ministry/state to municipalities. The technology enables the calculation of the solar capacity of buildings, automatic 3D recording of roof areas and the classiﬁcation of solar capacity based on the roof pitch, direction and shading of neighbouring buildings and terrains. All data will be prepared and visualized in a clear way using aerial photographs and topographic maps.

Radiation [kWh/m2/year] 0–800 800–1 000 1000–1 200 1 200–1 400 Síťové prvky power cable transformer distribution connection

Source: GRID PLANNING FOR HIGH PENETRATION PHOTOVOLTAICS BASED ON A SOLAR CADASTRE - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Example-of-a-solar-cadastre_fig1_271523343

city : governance

IoT register the basis of data economy EXISTING INNOVATIONS ALWAYS FOCUS ON ONE PURPOSE, SUCH AS SMART PARKING. DATA FROM SUCH A SYSTEM IS USUALLY HELD BY ITS SUPPLIER OR CUSTOMER. HOWEVER, IT IS CRUCIAL FOR THE DATA ECONOMY THAT DATA SOURCES ARE AVAILABLE TO OTHER USERS (OPEN DATA) AND THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO SUPPORT THE EMERGENCE OF FURTHER INNOVATIONS IN OTHER FIELDS AND WIDER TERRITORIES.

The IoT register (register of sensors´ networks of the Internet of Things) is a tool that enables standard registration of data sources from the sensory networks of different customers and different suppliers „in one map“. It consists of a mobile application, with which any installation company can register the installed sensor directly on site and at the time of installation, and a central register allowing customers to share information about the deployed sensor with potential applicants and gradually build a data ecosystem.

: Ideally a regional register of data sources After we learned from the school that more workers do the given task faster than if they worked alone, the same is for innovations as the appetite grows with food. The business plans of young innovative companies in the ﬁeld of data economy can thus be better planned and invested if there is an overview of what data sources can be used and what is the quality of these sources. Following the example of the National Register of Traffic Information, see https://registr.dopravniinfo. cz/cs/providers/cz-ndic/, it is necessary to build regional / city data portals and provide open data on them as a basic food for innovation. With the development of sensor networks, collecting data at a place

from various sources (municipality, private plants etc.), it is increasingly important to share information about the data generated by different customers and from different suppliers. In addition to preventing the purchase of redundant sensors, economic efficiency can be seen primarily in the development of digital literacy across generations, the efficiency of public administration (CBA) and the widespread support of the digital economy. For example, by deploying one sensor network of traffic load, it is possible to obtain data for European subsidies on the need to build a bypass (municipalities), tools for more efficient management of roads and road traffic (region) or information for travel planners (companies), etc. Joint registration of acquired data sources, e.g., by the region for its municipalities, can support the interconnection of investment plans of individual entities, which, for example, in the case of transport can result in a coordinated approach to traffic closures (the actual pain in Czech Republic). Uniﬁed registration of data obtained in the territory from various clients is thus a basic prerequisite for the digital strategy of the Czech Republic.

: IoT register for local governments For the above reasons, a universal IoT register was designed for use by local governments for a uniﬁed record of sensory

city : one register under their password, in which they have one active order. The order detail contains a list of ordered sensors and their expected positions on the map. Before installing the sensor / device, the installation team will install a mobile application, which they will log in to according to the instructions sent. The places and numbers of sensors to be installed according to the order/contract are already marked in the mobile application. When installing the sensor at a specific location using the application, the operator reads the QR code of the device or manually enters its unique identifier and specifies the measured GPS position according to reality on a map base in the mobile application. After the installation of each detector, a unique database record is created, recording what type of sensor from which supplier was installed at the given location and the time stamp of the installation. This automatically assigns the set time of the next maintenance or meter replacement in the database, according to the order. After the installation and registration of all sensors, the order is automatically closed and the IoT registry administrator and the customer are notified of new elements in the register, respectively the fulfilment of the order. Subsequently, information about the nature and location of the sensors will appear on the data portal of the city or region, where ordinary users can find a map of the coverage of the city by sensors or aggregated data on energy or water consumption. This establishes the standard facility management of sensor networks.

: Conclusion Web register for managing available data from sensor networks - map layer

resources in the area, supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Industry and Trade from the Efekt program.

The register consists of: ·

a web-based tool for register of customers, suppliers and the sensors installed by them, which are visible in one map, see Figure 1, and a mobile application designed for installers who register the sensor on site after installation.

: Example of using the IoT register Client A (e.g., a city) within its Green Deal program is setting up a sensory network of remote energy and water readings (netmetering) in three dozen streets within the planned LDA. The contract was divided into an IoT system for electricity readings and an IoT system for water readings. The contract was won by Supplier B and Supplier C. Both are bound by a contract in which the region requires digital registration of all elements of IoT systems (sensors and communication units) using the IoT register. By placing an order, the region registers the cases in the IoT register and sets up user accounts for both suppliers and sends them the data for registration. Suppliers thus log in to the

Data is a new oil, i.e., a strong economic tool, and therefore for the development of the data economy in the Czech Republic it is necessary to start so that any sensors acquired and operated from public sources are registered in IoT registers by default. By analogy, the IoT register is a kind of data economy food store, whose shelves can be filled with a range of products from many suppliers in many fields. By filling the shelves, we will increase the attractiveness of the assortment and encourage innovative companies to cook innovations from available foods that will succeed in the world. The data economy is a value-added economy that we call for now, so let us not delay! Mobile application for installation companies

city : governance

Smart cities must be safe, only then will the services be appreciated by residents and tourists alike THE SMART CITY IS A NICE, NOBLE DESIGNATION FOR MODERN CITIES THAT WANT TO USE TECHNOLOGY AND IMPROVE THE LIVES OF EXISTING RESIDENTS, OFFER MAXIMUM COMFORT ACROSS INDUSTRIES, AND ATTRACT NEW TOURISTS AND THOSE INTERESTED IN HOUSING. IT IS NOT MAGIC, IT IS NOT A SECRET, INACCESSIBLE WAY ONLY FOR THE CHOSEN ONES. CONVERSELY, SMALL VILLAGES AND LARGE AGGLOMERATIONS CAN BE „SMART“. ALL YOU MUST DO IS PROPERLY ASSESS THE NEEDS AS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, GREEN TECHNOLOGIES, CITY ADMINISTRATION OR IMPROVEMENTS FOR HOUSING AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES.

city : one And as the current coronavirus age shows, technology can play a vital role, whether we are talking about work, play, or everyday life. However, new technologies go hand in hand with risks and cyber threats. However, this is no reason to get out of the way and try to become the city or village of the future. All you must do is consider potential vulnerabilities and implement security and protection right from the start of each project. In short, cybersecurity must be an integral and natural part of smart cities from the design stage. In recent years, we have seen an increase in cyberattacks in connection with the expansion of IoT and other technologies into urban infrastructures. Attackers adapt to trends and adjust their strategies and look for weaknesses, whether in the normal world or in the cyber world. Unfortunately, many of the attacks are successful, but that does not mean that the cities are defenceless and there is no protection. Many of them still underestimate the risks and by doing mistakes make the potential attackers successful. Alternatively, security is addressed only afterwards and therefore does not meet the given needs, or it is even a mess of individual, often ad-hoc and separate solutions without an overall vision. For example, ransomware attacks on cities and urban infrastructures are on the rise around the world. The cost of repairing damage is millions of dollars, and outages of medical, security, police or fire services can end in tragedy. Frankfurt, one of the largest financial centres in the world and the seat of the European Central Bank, has not recently attacked. After a wave of cyber-attacks, Frankfurt even had to disconnect its network from the Internet to prevent further damage. The volume of ransomware attacks is relatively low, but their severity is all the higher. Criminals carefully identify goals and sometimes follow weeks or months and consider a follow-up strategy to maximize profits. This is one of the reasons why we are increasingly encountering double blackmail, where attackers encrypt critical systems, demand payment of a ransom for making them available again, and at the same time threaten to publish stolen information. The aim is to paralyze the victim so that he/she has no choice. And cities are a lucrative target because they cannot afford the outage of critical services, whether in healthcare, transportation, or gas, water, or electricity supplies. The key to protecting smart urban systems is to think comprehensively and consider all factors. Complete security of complex industrial control (ICS) and SCADA systems requires the best care without compromise. Targeted attacks on

critical infrastructure and ICS systems increased by as much as 2,000% during 2019, and the coronavirus pandemic adds to extortion and other attacks. From a variety of movies and games, we know fictional scenarios where hackers take control of smart buildings, lighting, or traffic management systems, and so on. But it has not been fiction for a long time and there is a real threat of similar situations. Each system is secured only as secure is the weakest link. What to require from such security? The emphasis is on preventive technologies that stop threats before they can cause any damage. The equipment must allow segmentation and separation of information (IT) and operational technologies (OT). Flexibility and adaptation to load fluctuations are also required. The simplicity of deployment and intuitive and clear remote administration with absolute visibility of all threats and risks, as well as compliance with various laws and regulations (regulatory compliance) should be a matter of course. However, you can have the best hardware and software, but it will only protect you if it works properly and without downtime. So other criteria need to be considered. How will the device respond to extreme cold or heat, withstand vibrations and be immune to electromagnetic interference? The cybernetic world is not separated from the physical and it is necessary to look at things comprehensively. If attackers disabled security by some mechanical means, they would have more access to virtual data. It is also important to hear warnings about threats related to the growth of IoT and the development of 5G networks, which will bring a significant increase in data volumes. Although cities will have the necessary information from the connected smart devices and sensors, with which it is possible to continue working, but in health care, for example, there is a risk of their misuse. Similarly, we can talk about smart cars connected to smart city systems and other technologies. In short, the growing volume of personal data and information needs to be protected from theft and misuse. So-called micro-pilots, which will check all data within each device and communicate with the security system, can help significantly in these areas. And speaking of smart cities and smart technologies, the attackers are not idle and trying to take advantage of artificial intelligence to identify vulnerabilities and create even more sophisticated threats. If cities want to be smart, they also must be smart about security. # Daniel Šafář, Country Manager CZR, Check Point Software Technologies

city : governance

Digital twin of heating plant a challenge for Central heating THE SYSTEM FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF EXISTING THERMAL NETWORKS, USING CLOUD SOLUTIONS AND CONTROL OF OPERATIONAL DATA IN THE MINDSPHERE® COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT, WAS DEPLOYED FOR THE OPERATION OF THE HEATING PLANT IN THE TOWN OF STRAKONICE.

: Beneﬁts of the digital twin The digital twin is a basic digitization tool that allows you to optimize existing operations (economic and environmental beneﬁts), identify failures and threats in a timely manner (digital records and predictions) and model possible investments before actual implementation (measure twice, cut once). The deployment of a digital twin at the Strakonice heating plant has shown that the system is suitable to reduce existing heat losses by 5%, otherwise necessarily arising from the production,

treatment, and distribution of heat, which ultimately reduces overall fuel and other energy consumption in village.

: Threats to the heating industry In connection with growing uncertainties in heat supply, municipalities and owners of houses and premises will face a fundamental decision in the next 10 years on how to continue to supply their buildings with energy, or how to operatively address their possible surpluses. Most municipalities in the Czech Republic and

in neighbouring countries own a property in central heat supply systems, built up to 1990 and still more or less maintained. This means that the initial position in the decision-making of municipalities on further energy management may be inﬂuenced by already invested funds, often tied to the mandatory lifetime of already implemented plans in municipal or city energy. In the current economic and legislative environment, central heating systems, especially those working with fossil fuels, especially coal, are in a very disadvantageous position. Even without a far-reaching economic analysis, it can be said that those heat productions that do not signiﬁcantly reduce the number of emissions (described, for example, by CO2) to produced and especially purposefully located (i.e., sold) megajoules of heat or megawatt of electricity will disappear within 20 years. The described demise of production and distribution networks will be gradual, but with devastating consequences for municipal or private investments already made in central heating systems.

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There are ways to maintain and operate these systems in a competitively acceptable way in principle, the right way to centrally generate electricity and heat in our municipalities. However, this presupposes signiﬁcant changes in the production, distribution, but also organizational part of the existing heating systems.

: Digitization of heating industry – results from Strakonice The basic advantage of the deployed digital system is that it does not require any investment in the heating networks themselves, their buildings or transfer stations. It is not an investment in additional „iron“, it is a matter of operating once and not always well-built heating systems in such a way as to give their maximum potential at minimum cost. The system makes it possible to monitor the operating characteristics of the heating system constantly and systematically to prevent unnecessary outages and failures. These conditions often draw attention to us weeks in advance by certain parameter changes that are detectable in the MindSphere® environment. The result of the system‘s work is, in addition to the above prediction and optimization functions, a daily listing of problems that have occurred on the heating network in the last 24 hours. The performed measurements and processing of measured data showed that multiple local measurements of physical quantities on heat exchangers and heat distribution of heating networks with direct data export to the cloud and its further processing in MindShere are currently a usable and sufficiently reliable technology. Big data on important variables in the heating network will enable continuous optimization of the operation of the heating network or its sub-district. Since in this way the data will be accessible far into the past, based on this data, it is possible to create predictive models of heat consumption and use them in optimization.

city : governance

no.

Building

Central heating [kW]

Hot water [kW]

Air handling unit [kW]

1273

community

1253

Garden equipment shop

1254

Restaurant with discotheque

150

1263

ﬂats

110

1255

ﬂats

110

1256

ﬂats

110

1257

ﬂats

110

1258

ﬂats

110

1259

ﬂats

180

150

1401

ﬂats

Types of heat consumption and their calculated wattages - Line 1, based on VVS15 (PS)

In a speciﬁc case, the device is used to check the correct function of the heat distribution, with the proviso that „correctness“ in this case means not only functionality but also safety and economy. The installed system easily detects deﬁciencies in the operation of heating networks every day, as well as problems with consumption in individual supplied buildings. The whole algorithm of the control of operating states is a tool for the main goals which are: the supply of heat in quantity and time course and on such parameters that the needs of customers are precisely met. No more, no less. The system of intelligent control of heat networks with cloud outputs was developed by the research team of the Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of the Czech Technical University, in cooperation with colleagues from the Technical University of Liberec and the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen. A team composed of employees of many research, production, and distribution companies, led at CTU by prof. Jiří Nožička and his colleagues, within the project TAČR TE01020036 „Centre of advanced technologies for production and distribution of electricity and heat“, in the years 2010 to 2019, deve-

loped and tested several technical solutions that are designed to increase the efficiency of existing heating networks. The equipment was installed, debugged and has been operated on the property of Teplárna Strakonice a.s. since the end of 2017, where the majority shareholder is the town of Strakonice. This is the district heating “Mír”, on the western edge of Strakonice, speciﬁcally its part, which is supplied by hot water branch No. 1 from the heat transfer station VVS15 (PS Mír). The district heating district was selected from several possible localities based on the need for high variability of operation of individual supplied buildings. In the case of the measured hot water branch, there are 10 individually standing supply objects with very different heat supply schedules. The predominance consists of residential houses of panel construction of the P1.11 system from the early 1980s, one modern apartment building of mixed concrete-brick construction from the ﬁrst decade of the 21st century, one community building, one technical-commercial enterprise and one restaurant with occasional weekend

“disco” events. The heat inputs of individual buildings are shown in Table 1. The aim of the measurement was to provide data from at least one year of operation of the selected hot water distribution system. The aim was also to ﬁnd out data from the heating of drinking water for hygienic purposes (hot water), which is being prepared in a substantial part of the supplied buildings. Some aspects of economically optimal operation seem intuitively obvious. For example, heat losses increase with the temperature at the outlet of the source, respectively at the input of the considered subnet. However, it cannot simply be said that the economic optimum simply occurs at the lowest possible temperature at the entrance to the heating network. Too low temperature leads to the need for higher ﬂow, and therefore higher output and consumption of circulating pumps. For this reason, continuous optimization works with a criterion function that characterizes the optimization goals. If, as in this case, the optimization of one district, not the entire network including the source, is performed,

city : one it makes sense to consider and minimize heat losses and operating costs of circulating pumps. At the same time, it can be required that the heat consumption that the main transfer station takes from the superior network is as even as possible. Such a criterion function must, of course, be supplemented by restrictive conditions which, with the use of the model, ensure that the required temperatures in the individual PCBs are maintained, heat consumption is covered, etc.

operating parameters of the hot water network (Figure 1) with the evaluation of the frequency of faults (Figure 2) and their dynamics (Figure 3) over time. Another goal is the permanent determination of the optimization goal based on the previous development of the measured quantities and the possible prediction of these quantities and the ambient conditions of the solved heating network. Here,

in the MindSphere environment, the output will be the recommended setting of thermal network parameters implemented through proposals to change the settings of controlled variables, such as ﬂows, temperatures, etc. This approach to control can then be compared with the method of constantly learning neural networks. #Pavel Sláma, Jiří Ehrlich, ČVUT Prague

In principle, it would be possible to minimize the criterion function once with a horizon of, for example, one day. However, since the heat consumption can be predicted only with limited accuracy, it is more advantageous to repeat the optimization in each time step and always implement only the ﬁrst step of the schedule, i.e., use the principle of declining horizon, which is the basis of predictive control based on the model.

: Other benefits of measurement A less expected benefit of the measured data and their continuous evaluation was already (in the first months of the supplemented measurement (2018)) the indication of several fittings inside the individual distribution sections, which did not fulfil their function correctly. The signalling physical quantity in this case was the cyclically increasing temperature at the supply of cold drinking water to the hot water exchanger, even at a greater distance from this exchanger. A local investigation revealed a bad location of the non-return valves, which opened in the closing direction due to the expansion of the water and the air contained in the water. The non-return valves were moved to a more gravitationally suitable position and the said hygienically dangerous phenomenon was thus eliminated. The step now done is the implementation of the above optimization tasks into the MindSphere environment. The current result is a continuous control of the main

Figure 1: Alerts on operation failures of distribution/transferring stations for a particular day

Figure 2: Description and duration of single incorrect and inefficient operation states for one distribution section

Figure 3: Checking the dynamics of operating deviations from the detailed course of physical quantities measured at each of the house transfer stations.

city : resources

Hydrogen in the new market need FIVE ENABLERS TO ESTABLISH A MARKET EVEN WITH THE RIGHT ENABLING INVESTMENTS AND POLICY SUPPORT, THE CHOICES MADE AT CRITICAL INFLECTION POINTS

Reduce market uncertainty. Stakeholders can look to renewables for inspiration: the creation of long-term off take agreements removed market risk from installation projects, leaving only technical risk. Another example is facilitating a shift to end-to-end zero-emission ﬂeet logistics solutions that serve captive, recurring demand.

ALONG HYDROGEN’S DEVELOPMENT WILL SERVE TO EITHER NURTURE OR SUPPRESS THE INDUSTRY’S GROWTH. WE SEE FIVE LEVERS THROUGH WHICH STAKEHOLDERS CAN CREATE DEMAND AND ESTABLISH A MARKET. TOGETHER, THESE CAN ENABLE

Focus on scaling applications and technologies that create the biggest ‘improvementforinvestment’. Critical tipping points – after which costs fall sharply – appear throughout our analyses. For example, scaling fuel cell production from 10,000 to 200,000 units can reduce unit costs by as much as 45 per cent, irrespective of any major technological breakthroughs, and can impact multiple end-use cases. Scaling up to 70 GW of electrolysis will lead to electrolyser costs of less than USD 400 per kW.

HYDROGEN SOLUTIONS TO REACH COST COMPETITIVENESS IN THE NEAR FUTURE.

Seek complementarity in hydrogen solutions. The development of certain hydrogen solutions can create a virtu-

city : one

ous cycle that makes other hydrogen applications viable. For example, leveraging hydrogen infrastructure around airports for on-site refuelling of buses, airport heating, local industry feedstock and potentially in the future, airplane refuelling, will reduce the costs of each individual application. Prioritise increasing utilisation rates in distribution networks. Moving from 20 to 80 per cent utilisation rates in distribution and refuelling networks can slash distribution costs by up to 70 per cent, which could, for instance, reduce the costs of hydrogen-based home heating by 20 per cent. This will require deploying a minimal threshold of infrastructure to ensure the network serves user demand. Invest in low-carbon and renewable hydrogen production. Low-cost hydrogen is among the top three cost reductions for every hydrogen application and will be the single most impor-

tant factor in accelerating the hydrogen economy alongside the created additional demand. Hydrogen is already scaling up and considerable investments are being made globally. It will provide an important low-carbon option across a wide range of sectors. However, hydrogen’s development still requires suitable ﬁnancial, infrastructural and policy support to allow it to achieve a wide deployment and scale-up through commercial projects. Given the urgency of the global decarbonisation challenge, society must capitalise on hydrogen’s advantages now. The hydrogen industry can help enable the energy transition to a net-zero world, and this report clearly identiﬁes the cost trajectories of its many applications, presenting numerous opportunities. Source: Published in January 2020 by the Hydrogen Council. Copies of this document are available upon request or can be downloaded from our website: www.hydrogencouncil.com.

city : resources

Hydrogen city HYDROGEN IS, AS IS WELL KNOWN, THE MOST COMMON ELEMENT IN THE UNIVERSE. HOWEVER, ITS DISADVANTAGE IS RELATED TO THE FACT THAT IT PRACTICALLY DOES NOT OCCUR INDEPENDENTLY, BUT ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY CONNECTS WITH OTHER ELEMENTS. ITS BEST-KNOWN COMPOUND ON EARTH IS WELL KNOWN H2O. BY BURNING HYDROGEN, A LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY (96-120 MJ PER 1 KG OF HYDROGEN) CAN BE OBTAINED WITHOUT THE FORMATION OF GREENHOUSE GASES.

: Hydrogen is (literally) everywhere In addition to the general extension already mentioned, it is appropriate to look at hydrogen not as a fuel, such as oil, natural gas, or coal, but primarily as an energy carrier. Compared to liquid molecules of petrol or diesel, hydrogen molecules bind almost 1.6 times more energy per unit mass. At the same time, global demand for hydrogen is growing, more than tripling between 1980 and 2018,

and in 2050 is expected to cover up to 24% of global energy demand, with a market of around € 630 billion a year. Approximately 70 million tonnes of hydrogen are currently used globally, mainly in the oil reﬁning and chemical industries. The main positive of hydrogen is that no CO2 emissions are produced during its combustion, while the negative is that hydrogen is currently produced almost exclusively from fossil fuels, with which, on the contrary, CO2 emissions are signiﬁcantly associated.

Thanks to its properties, hydrogen is used in several areas, among the four most important can be named · · · ·

Energy applications Clean mobility Decarbonization Industry

Leaving aside industrial use, which does not play a primary role in the context of smart green cities, it makes sense to focus on the ﬁrst three.

: Energy As mentioned above, hydrogen is an excellent medium for energy storage. The advantage, for example, over battery storage systems is cheaper scalability and the possibility of long-term storage over a period of months to years with minimal

Source: Siemens Energy – koncept bezemisního řešení pro města

city : one energy loss. Even though the hydrogen molecule is very small and easily permeates materials, today‘s technologies manage the production of containers so that no losses occur. The relationship between hydrogen and batteries is sometimes sharpened, in my opinion unnecessarily, it is necessary to take them as complementary technologies, when they complement each other very well with a suitably chosen strategy. Hydrogen is and will increasingly be an integral part of the energy mix in the future. It is also important to look at hydrogen from an energy security perspective. It is the possibility of long-term energy storage, especially surpluses from RES, if we are talking about green hydrogen, provides the basis for building energy security in critical urban infrastructure - hospitals, rescue services, support for basic functions of the community, city, or region, etc. The South Moravian Region alone owns about 3,000 buildings. Not all of them are suitable for solar power plants, but if it only makes sense for some of them, we suddenly have a relatively large production capacity. It does not necessarily have to be consumed at the time of production, moreover, in today‘s time of uncertain occupation (transfer of many workers to the home office) and the associated lower consumption, long-term storage of surpluses is a logical step. Another example can be schools - during the highest exposure in the summer months, empty even outside the pandemic and with minimal consumption, the stored surpluses can then be consumed, for example, in the winter. And all this at the cost of lower efficiency than battery systems, where the advantage of long-term storage may outweigh the overall balance. Therefore, it is necessary to design correctly and possibly choose a combination of hydrogen and battery technology.

: Clean mobility Another large stone, rather than a brick, in the jigsaw puzzle of the hydrogen of the future is its use in transport. The primary driver will not be passenger transport, but primarily urban and freight transport. Only after the development of these areas and the related infrastructure, which, unlike other countries in the world and in Europe, does not yet exist, can we expect the development of personal hydrogen mobility. Where there is no chicken, there can be no egg. The creation of a suitable infrastructure is therefore essential and should be a priority not only of the state where certain activities are already taking place, although they cannot yet be considered sufficient, but also at the level of regions and municipalities. According to the current National Action Plan for Clean Mobility, 80 hydrogen ﬁlling stations, 870 buses and up to 50,000 vehicles are expected in the Czech Republic in 2030, although most of them will be urban and freight transport. The ﬁrst hydrogen „pumps“ are to be built in 2021 in Prague and Litvínov, followed by Brno and again in Prague in 2022 and Pilsen

a year later. A good start, but the question is whether the goal of 80 stations in 2030 will be met at this pace. Once at least the basic infrastructure of hydrogen filling stations has been established, the development of personal hydrogen mobility can also be expected. It is a clean and ecological variant of passenger transport with minimal impact on the environment, even if we include the carbon footprint of the production process and possible subsequent recycling in the entire life cycle. There are already several mass-produced models and brands (Toyota, Hyundai) and it can be expected that many more will be added in the coming years - by 2025 it should be Honda, Daimler and BMW. Today, the range is up to 800 km and the filling time is about 5 minutes. There are currently almost 200 hydrogen filling stations in Europe, of which 90 are in Germany and another 40 will operate by 2021, with the United Kingdom having even more ambitious plans. Within urban transport planning, it makes sense to build central nodes connecting urban transport with the possibility of filling for cars, ideally the proximity or connection to the local railway network, where there are already several hydrogen solutions in the world. So far, the Moravian-Silesian Region is the most advanced in this area in the Czech Republic.

: Decarbonization The third major application for the use of hydrogen on the way to solutions to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions and smart green cities is decarbonisation. Hydrogen can be used in a chemical process to eliminate CO2, which results in methane, i.e., an energy raw material that can be directly consumed or pushed into the gas transmission system in each locality. This applies to all polluters who emit CO2 and today fall under the system of buying allowances - but they do not really solve the situation, they just postpone the problem. In Europe alone, there are around 14,000 businesses. Imagine a solution where these companies, many of them owned by cities or regions, together with private or again urban biogas, use hydrogen and instead of greenhouse gas emissions and other costs in the form of allowances will produce methane…

: The hydrogen future? Yes, the question is just how fast and to what extent. However, we cannot avoid hydrogen, the breadth of its use from energy, industry through mobility to ecology is so wide that sooner or later it will affect everyone. It will beneﬁt those who prepare for its arrival and begin to think today about incorporating hydrogen into strategic plans for future development. Hydrogen will certainly not work well in stand-alone isolated applications, but effectively only where it will be part of the whole concept of smart, green and energy self-sufficient cities and regions. #David Řeháček, hydrogen enthusiast, owner of GREEN REMEDY, s.r.o.

city : resources

German National Hydrogen Program

15 years of experience : Establishment of the NOW organization and the NIP grant program in Germany The National Organization for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (NOW GmbH (s.r.o.)) was founded in 2006 by the following four ministries and is 100% owned by:

: Founders of NOW · · · ·

BMVi - Ministry of Transport BMWi - Ministry of Economy BMBF - Ministry of Education, Science and Research BMBU - Ministry of the Environment

NOW has about 30 employees who support the introduction of hydrogen technologies into industry. It is divided into sec-

tions for mobility (not only cars but also construction machinery, trains, ships, and planes), stationary systems and special applications. The main tasks of NOW are to create a strategy for the implementation of hydrogen technologies in practice, to support companies and organizations, to which it provides consulting, marketing, organization of trade fairs and conferences, connecting market players and co-ﬁnancing hydrogen projects through the NIP program.

: Main tasks of NIP - National Innovation Program: ·

NIP - from 2006 to 2016, approximately € 1 billion was invested, co-financing of hydrogen projects took place in such a way that industry‘s investment in the hydrogen project was 50% co-financed from the NIP program. 2017-2027 The second phase of the NIP was launched

city : one

: Germany: Hydrogen technology research and development organizations and institutions ·

· ·

Hydrogen-powered car (VW hydrogen-powered car, ŠKODA AUTO does not yet deal with H2, only electric cars and CNG propulsion) Fraunhofer Institute, almost all TUs have their own institutes for hydrogen technology, education and awareness take place in primary and secondary schools, Hydrogen is covered by all industry associations (BDI, VDMA and others) and chambers, and in Germany the hydrogen magazine „H zwei“ is published and there is the „German Association of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells“ based in Berlin (DWV). In Germany, there is an extensive network of Energy Agencies dealing with hydrogen Countless conferences, seminars and workshops are held annually in Germany, there is political support for hydrogen by the government and state governments, the largest conference is organized directly by the Ministry of Transport BMVi, at the initiative and participation of Minister of Transport, Mr. Scheuer.

: There are three hydrogen clusters in Germany · · ·

· · · ·

500 companies participated in the NIP project Every German carmaker has developed its own hydrogen car prototype 100 hydrogen filling stations were built, by 2023 the plan is 400 20 hydrogen centres have been set up throughout Germany, such as the ZBT - Hydrogen Technology Centre at the University of Duisburg, which employs 100 researchers, or the hydrogen town of Herten in North Rhine-Westphalia, which has set up an Application Centre in the former hard coal mines for 1600 workers in hydrogen technology. The production of green hydrogen from RES - PV and wind power plants, its storage and distribution, or conversion to synthetic methane - P2G or storage in the existing natural gas network was supported.

H2BZ - Frankfurt am Main, NBW - Netzwerk Brennstoffzelle und Wasserstoff, Elektromobilität SP - headquarters in Düsseldorf Hzwo - headquarters of TU Chemnitz

: NOW also deals with international cooperation in Europe and in the world: GSG - Government support Group NOW initiated international cooperation GSG (Government Support Group) - exchange of information among EU states at the level of ministries - advice on hydrogen and fuel cells to the governments of the participating countries. For the time being, members - the Netherlands, Sweden, England, France, Austria, Germany, and Denmark and the membership has also been offered to the Czech Republic

MOU - Memorandum of Cooperation GSG‘s international cooperation is based on the document „Memorandum of Cooperation“, in the ﬁnal version of which the Czech Republic can also participate.

city : resources The intentions of the GSG and the Memorandum of Cooperation correspond to the National Action Plan - Clean Mobility in the Czech Republic which is being prepared by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, was approved by the Czech government.

Smart Grids Energy management systems allow the interconnection of decentralized electricity producers into one efficient unit. Fuel cells play an important role in this concept as an emission-free energy supplier with high efficiency. Electricity supply

NOW initiated the establishment of 6 organizations whose task is to put hydrogen technologies into practice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

It is often not possible to make a network connection and laying the cable is unproﬁtable. Masts for mobile phones in third world countries, toll gate operators are therefore supplied with batteries or diesel generators. The fuel cell is then an economical and environmentally friendly alternative.

Virtually controlled power plants It solves the load on the electricity network by ﬂuctuating electri-

CEP – creation of a network of companies for cooperation of joint projects in hydrogen Clean Power Net – Production and transport of hydrogen Callux – hydrogen technologies in houses and buildings H2 MOBILITY – design and construction of gas stations P2G – Power to Gas - production of gas from electric energy e4ships – hydrogen technologies in water transport

1. CEP network members · · · · · · · · · ·

Air Liquide BMW Group Bohlen Doyen Ford GM Hochbahn Linde OMV SHELL TOTAL

· · · · · · · · · ·

TOYTA VW DAIMLER HONDA HYUNDAI SIEMENS SSB WESTFALEN NOW ENBW

2. Clean Power Net Ensuring uninterrupted supply of electricity energy Uninterruptible power supply (UPS), Back-ups, Uninterruptible power devices (NEA), masts for mobile phones in telecommunications, hospitals, industrial process control centres, computer centres, secondary technology for transformers. Ensuring an uninterrupted supply of electricity is a necessity in many industries and in the food industry today. In the event of faults, devices are used that operate without interruption of the power supply. Fuel cells have a clear advantage due to the length of operation and coverage of a large temperature range.

city supplies due to the construction of facilities producing electricity from renewable sources. In addition to large power plants, they can be made available in the short term and control energy ﬂows by connecting separate small but centrally controlled power plants. (virtually controlled power plants). Fuel cells are a renewable and emission-free resource.

3. Callux development of boilers for heating family houses and hot water heating with fuel cells

city : one Callux - The partners are energy suppliers such as EnBW, E.ON Ruhrgas, EWE, MVV Energie and VNG Verbundnetz Gas, Baxi Innotech Equipment Manufacturer, Hexisund Vaillant and Zentrum für Sonnenenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW).

Example No.2 Uniper (formerly E-ON) – Pilot project: „WindGas Falkenhagen 2 MW“ BASIC DATA Electrical output 2 MW Hydrogen production 360 m³ / h Technology: Alkaline electrolysis Hydrogen storage in the existing natural gas network (up to 10% allowed in Germany)

4. H2 MOBILITY - design and construction of gas stations

· · · ·

H2 Mobility - an organization associating service station operators and fuel manufacturers, with the aim of covering Germany with a network of hydrogen ﬁlling stations. Supported directly by German ministry of transport (BMVi).

OBJECTIVES

2015: Start of building a network of 400 stations throughout Germany - have 100 ﬁlling stations by 2020.

5. P2G - Power to Gas - production of gas from electric energy Example No.1: Siemens: 6 MW Energy Park Mainz Hechtsheim The largest plant for the production and storage of hydrogen with a capacity of 6 MW was built by Siemens in cooperation with the Linde Group, the Rhein-Main und Stadtwerke Mainz in Mainz-Hechtsheim. The device transforms electric energy from a hydrogen wind farm, which can either be ﬁlled into a storage tank or stored in an existing natural gas network.

· · ·

Demonstration of the process chain Optimization of the operating concept (fluctuating wind energy / supply) Gaining experience in technology, costs, permits and trade

RESULTS · · · · · ·

Equipment efficiency up to 65% 2 years of successful operation Prediction of secondary power control Successful testing of the first products on the market in the field of heat, mobility, and wholesale Great worldwide response Preparation for sale for hydrogen filling stations when an adequate nationwide network of stations is built

6. E4Ship: Development and application of fuel cells in shipping SchIBZ project Low sulfur diesel is used as fuel. We are working on applications for the use of natural gas. It is an efficient hybrid system (battery use) with an efficiency of about 50%. Applications of hydrogen and fuel cells in rail transport Salzgitter‘s Alstom has developed a diesel and fuel cell locomotive from the Coradia diesel locomotive. The locomotive was presented at the InnoTrans trade fair in Berlin in 2016. 40% of the German railway network is not electriﬁed, diesel-powered trains run there. The hydrogen-powered train has been deployed in most federal states where it is successfully replacing diesel-powered locomotives. Why Alstom decided to build a hydrogen-powered train? One of the decisive factors was the high energy density of hydrogen: The fact that Germany wants to be the leader in hydrogen technology in Europe is also evidenced by the fact that German Economy Minister (BMWi), Mr. Altmeier decided in June 2020 to support the hydrogen economy in Germany with € 9 billion, of which € 2 billion is to be used for international projects. The Czech Embassy has issued Economic Information on this initiative: The German federal government has approved the National Hydrogen Strategy.

Sources: NOW, Siemens, Total, Uniper, Alstom, German Embassy in Berlin.

#Ing. Tadeáš Rusnok

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H2BASE hydrogen part for smart city puzzle HYDROGEN IS NO LONGER A TECHNOLOGY OF A DISTANT FUTURE. IT IS THE YEAR 2021, THE SMART CITY HAS JUST ACQUIRED H2BASE, THE ISLAND‘S HYDROGEN SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT. IT IS EMISSION-FREE, MOBILE, WITH A LARGE CAPACITY AND MARKED WITH THE LABEL „MADE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC“. IT PRODUCES ENERGY FROM HYDROGEN, ONLY PURE WATER DRIPS FROM THE EXHAUST. IT ECOLOGICALLY DRIVES ANYTHING ELECTRIC AND RECHARGES THE ELECTRIC CAR.

THURSDAY The H2BASE device is transported to the site of another need - due to the planned shutdown, the wastewater treatment plant technology was disconnected from electricity. Thanks to the operation of this hydrogen generator, it is not necessary to interrupt the processes in the technology.

FRIDAY MONDAY It is December 6, 2021, and the H2BASE system has been supplying the road closures with electricity and heat for four days. The highway pass must be completed on time. In this dry weather, the emission-free island facility illuminates the construction site, powers the power tools, and heats the building‘s facilities.

TUESDAY Freezer facility in a nearby industrial area have applied for a loan of the green

energy source H2BASE. They need to bridge the transition to a new technology. The potential outage would have caused large losses on frozen commodities.

WEDNESDAY As every Wednesday, the H2BASE is in the parking lot in front of the town hall. Such a quick charger for a test with a ﬁxed schedule, so that electric motorists can count on it on their way to the centre. It appears here regularly to obtain statistical data and to reveal possible problems before building a stationary charging station.

The H2BASE device is operated in pilot mode of a mobile charging station for electric vehicles. Through the CarEn application, anyone interested in recharging their car can call an off-road mobile quick charger directly to their car. The set is loaded on a set of cars up to 3.5 t and handles individual „customers“ according to an algorithm with the priority of minimizing service time. Thanks to the mobile charging station, one parked and completely discharged electric car in the city centre can also be recharged. Next Friday will be more challenging - the city is holding a conference and during the pro-

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gram H2BASE will recharge electric cars waiting for their owners in the parking lot.

SATURDAY The pumping station of the waterworks above the town stands in the protected zone of the water source. In the event of a power failure, it is not possible to use a non-ecological diesel generator here. Therefore, the H2BASE system is installed in the island power plant mode. We test power supply from an external source. After the end of the test operation, the system is transported for further use.

SUNDAY H2BASE is located on the main square, where it serves to power entertainment attractions and stalls on the ﬁrst Advent Sunday. The waste heat is preferably used: visitors standing by the podium drinking hot wine are heated by hot air fans. All the energy that heats the participants, saturates them with food and drink, and provides them with an audio-

visual experience is generated without any emissions or operational burdens on the environment. This is a comprehensive ecological provision of an urban event.

: Let‘s open up to the possibilities H2BASE is a real and already produced Czech technology. For smart city to really work, technology alone is not enough. People and their thinking will play a major role in building a smart city. It is up to all of us to get rid of surviving stereotypes and open to the possibilities that are available today. Make the world around us a little „smarter“.

: What is H2BASE H2BASE is a mobile island source of electricity and heat. The energy is stored here in hydrogen and, thanks to the fuel cell, is easily converted back into electrical and thermal energy. The device is easy to transport and variable. The outputs are a standard high / low voltage socket, or

a cable from a fast-charging station for electric cars. The device has an output of 0 - 100 kW and a capacity of 230 kWh, which can be easily increased by adding hydrogen. The device is emission-free – 0 g CO2, 0 g NOX, 0 g solid particles, the only output is pure H₂O. Read more information at www.h2base.eu, where you ﬁnd more detailed technical data and video.

: Why hydrogen Hydrogen has one amazing property - it is a great carrier of energy. It is thus possible to store a large amount of energy in a small amount of hydrogen. You can „keep“ it here for an almost unlimited time, and then convert it back into electrical and thermal energy using a fuel cell. Next, hydrogen is a resource that can be produced anywhere on Earth, regardless of resources wealth or the policies of the oil powers. And with a little exaggeration, it is the only inexhaustible and sustainable resource for our planet. You can read brief basic information about hydrogen on the blog www.devinn.cz/blog

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Plastic waste as a source of income for municipalities OVER 400 MILLION TONS OF PLASTICS ARE PRODUCED ANNUALLY WORLDWIDE, BETWEEN 1950 AND 2015 A TOTAL OF 8.3 BILLION TONS OF PLASTICS WERE PRODUCED, OF WHICH ONLY 9% WERE RECYCLED. NINE MILLION TONS OF PLASTICS OF THIS AMOUNT END UP AT SEA EACH YEAR. BY COMPARISON, THE CHEOPS PYRAMID WEIGHS „ONLY“ 5.97 MILLION TONS. IF NOTHING CHANGES, THERE WILL BE MORE PLASTICS THAN FISH IN THE OCEANS BY 2050.

In addition to the ecological impact, the accumulation of plastic waste, especially packaging, is also an economic and logistical problem for municipalities. In 2018, the European Parliament adopted a resolution collectively entitled the Circular Economy Action Package, which sets out, among other things, the obligation to recycle at least 50% of plastic packaging by 2025 and 55% by 2030. In the Czech Republic, according to EKOKOM sources, about 35% of plastic packaging is currently actually recycled,

which is about half of the content of yellow containers. The others end up in landﬁlls or, at best, in incinerators. The share of usable PET bottles is up to 30% in yellow containers, foils and other plastics account for about 60%, the rest is made up of non-plastic additives. Plastics other than PET bottles are usually not recycled because there is no demand for them. The situation is worse since China ceased to function as the world‘s dump and banned the import of most plastics.

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The validity of our landﬁll law is constantly shifting and changing, but if we start from the current proposal, which the Senate returned to the Chamber of Deputies in November, it counts on a total ban on landﬁlling from 2030, when the price of waste will gradually increase from 800 CZK / ton to 1850 CZK / tonne if municipalities exceed the permitted limit per capita. EKOKOM states the average cost for municipalities for the collection of sorted waste is at about CZK 5,000 / ton, but plastic costs much more than glass or paper, for example, due to its low bulk density.

After several promising reports on progress in the field of using pyrolysis for the disposal of difficult-to-use plastic waste, there has finally been a breakthrough in the practical usability of the pyrolysis unit in normal operation. We took the opportunity to see the first pyrolytic unit (due to the coronavirus epidemic only online) in Kent, England, where it is already operating successfully in commercial operation. The owners named the unit Marie and placed it in Longfield near Dartford. Tim StClair – Pearce from the pyrolysis company in South Africa shared with us his practical experience with the use of this technology.

: There is a solution

Pyrolysis means the decomposition of the input raw material, in our case HDPE and LDPE plastics, into a liquid usable in the chemical industry, gases and a solid carbon fraction. At high temperatures without access to oxygen, long molecular chains are depolymerized into gas, which in the next process condenses into a liquid and pyrolytic oil. While the gas is collected in

How to get out of the circle, when municipalities are obliged to ensure the recycling of plastic waste, but there is no interest among processors in it? An interesting solution may be the process of pyrolysis known for centuries.

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pressure vessels for further energy use; the reﬁning industry, such as BASF, ÖMV or Shell is interested in liquid oil, and carbon can be used, for example, in the manufacture of tires. „For every kilogram of plastic waste, 1 litre of oil can be produced, plus 1 kilowatt hour of electricity,“ explains StClair-Pearce. It is a very elegant modular solution, where each unit is installed in its own container, while the number of containers is not theoretically limited. The largest installation is being prepared in Austria, where the customer ordered 16 pyrolytic units with next spring delivery and a capacity of almost half a million litres of oil per month. There are enough input raw materials and the logistics of the oil produced are provided based on a framework contract by the manufacturer.

: How does it work Each pyrolytic unit in the container has its own shredder, where the sorted plastic waste enters. After shredding, it is fed to an intermediate hopper, from where it is fed directly to the hopper of the pyrolysis unit by pneumatic transport. From there, it is fed into the reactor in the required amount by a screw feeder and melted. In a constant motion, the material is heated in the pyrolysis reactor to a temperature of up to 500 °C, during which depolymerization takes place without the access of oxygen. A gaseous and liquid component is formed together with carbon residues. These are separated in the separator by their own weight, while the gase-

city : one Graph 5: Timeline of treated plastic waste from municipal waste collection system 2008-2016 in %, source: EKO-KOM

PET

foil

ous and liquid components continue to the condenser. Multi-stage cooling ensures the separation of the liquid component as a ﬁnal product and the remaining gas is collected in pressure cylinders and ready for further use. Pyrolytic oil is stored in tanks with a capacity of about 28,000 m3 to ensure uninterrupted operation even during loading into tanks. The whole process is fully automated and remotely controlled by a central control room.

: Can we afford it? The vision of Biofabrik founder Oliver Riedel, who manufactures WASTX units, is summed up in one sentence: „We wanted a small, decentralized tablet-controlled device that is profitable and meets European environmental standards.“ After six years of research, he finally managed to start mass production, with which he successfully penetrates the markets in Germany, Austria, England, but also in more exotic countries such as Nigeria or Saudi Arabia. The equipment returns the used plastics back to refineries, in full accordance with the principles of circular economy, where they are used for subsequent chemical production. And what does profitable mean? „The investment in the equipment is not high for its maturity and performance,“ says Jaroslav Hradílek from the company, which provides distribution for the Czech and Slovak markets. One unit with complete accessories and commissioning can be purchased for under three quarters of a million euros with a return, depending on local conditions, within five years. In addition, to reduce the initial investment and

other plastic

non plastic mix

spread the risk, the German manufacturer offers a partner model, where the investment is halved and Biofabrik takes care of all the logistics associated with the sale of the resulting oil. Despite the subsequent license fees for this service, the return on the device has been based for about 4 years. Of course, there is a two-year warranty on the equipment and a contract for service, where trained staff performs both routine maintenance and possible warranty and post-warranty repairs. Thus, the operation of a fully automated device can be handled by short-trained personnel of the operator in the complexity of several hours a week. In the case of a region, city, or association of municipalities, it may be a PPC project, in addition with a guaranteed return for the investor. In this case, it is true that the ECOlogical benefit can also be ECOnomic. Not to mention solving an almost unsolvable problem – what in the future to do with waste that no one wants? Pyrolysis is from the Greek pyr (pyros) fire and lysis release. It is a thermal decomposition of substances without access to oxygen. There is a process of breaking down more complex molecules into simpler hydrocarbons. Historically, it was used to produce charcoal; during World War II, coal fuels were produced in Germany due to a shortage of oil. Recently, we have seen a renewed interest in pyrolysis in the field of biomass processing, municipal waste, and plastics.

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The experimental pumping station works on a closed loop at TU Berlin, in order to simulate a variety of real-life scenarios, virtualized and operated in digital twin model. Credit: TU Berlin/Siemens AG

Digital Twin in Wastewater Treatment

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The current data surplus stemming from all types of devices together with boosting computer capacity is revolutionizing almost all existing sectors, and the water sector will not be the exception. The development of new holistic approaches nowadays uncover the potential of linking the wastewater treatments operation strategies to smart grids electricity systems.

: The fourth-revolution in the water sector Combining the power of big data analytics with existing and future urban water infrastructure represents a signiﬁcant untapped opportunity for operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of urban water infrastructure to achieve economic and environmental sustainability. Although there are divergent views about the potential of big data analytics to disrupt the water sector, there is little doubt it will change progressively, and inevitable, the way we think and provide infrastructure services in urbanized areas. An estimate 80% of the utilities in developed countries are expected to undergo a digital transition, to some extent, by 2025.In North America and Western Europe, where extensive infrastructure systems already exist, markets for digital technologies are emerging to address the issues associated with aging infrastructure. Overall, a study by Global Water Intelligence predicts global demand for control and monitoring solutions will rise to USD 30.1 billion by 2021, a market that utilities with pre-existing digital platforms will be better prepared to embrace.

DIGITAL TWIN TECHNOLOGY LINKS ASSET MANAGEMENT, MODELLING & SIMULATIONS AND REAL DATA STREAMS,

To further highlight the potential of incorporating digital technologies intothe water sector, reference can be made to the energy sector’s adoption of microgrids and smart-sensing to reduce vulnerability of large-scale plantsto climate effects, decrease operational complexity, and provide resiliency, reliability, ﬂexibility and redundancy to the sector. These beneﬁts can also be seen through establishing micronets (water microgrids – decentralised water and sanitation systems) coupled to local distribution networks. By downscaling plants and treatment facilities to serve smaller regions, monitoring and maintenance becomes easier and less costly, and the installation of new digital technologies is more realistic.

: Digital Twin in TU Berlin

EMPOWERING PROFESSIONALS ACROSS DIVERSE DEPARTMENTS TO MAKE BETTER DECISIONS BASED ON BETTER FORECASTS, PRIORITISE CAPITAL PLANNING AND OPTIMIZE OPERATIONS.

The Berlin Technical University (TU Berlin, Germany) has created recently the most advanced digital twin of 1:1 scale pumping station in the country wastewater sector and most probably one of the most consistent database of each component virtually connected to each other globally, as a research and demonstration project. The main purpose is to study the operation optimization and blockage prediction using a digital twin data in full-scale. The target point was a single digital environ-

city : resources ment for all pump station information, from design to operation and maintenance data, including partially autonomous systems for fault detection and elimination. The bidirectional data exchange between process engineering software (for design and asset management) and process control system (for operation and modelling) ensures that the information is up to date throughout the entire operating phase.

: Casestudy coupling SmartGrids and Wastewater Treatment In the City of Kolding (Denmark), an integrated model predictive control (MPC) strategy to control the power consumption and theeffluent quality of a municipalwastewater treatment plant by utilizing the storage capacity from the sewer system was implemented. Wastewater from the Kolding urban area is conveyed to a pumping station, which pumps it to the 125,000 Population Equivalent located 8 km away. There are 21 storage basins spread across the catchments, with a total storage volume of 30.000 m3. The maximum power capacity for the biological wastewater treatment process is 720 kW, and aeration is respon-

Water Sci Technol. 2020 Apr;81(8):1766-1777. doi: 10.2166/wst.2020.266.

sible for at least 60% of the power consumption of the plant. The plant electricity bill is currently paid via a retailer, EnergiDanmark, and a small part of the price changes every hour. This hourly price is known 12 to 36 hours ahead and originates from the power exchange NordPools day-ahead market. The estimated yearly consumption of the Kolding is 2.7 GWh. The developed price-based model reacted to electricity prices and forecasted pollutant loads 24 hours ahead. The large storage capacity available in the sewer system directly upstream from the plant was used to control the incoming loads and, indirectly, the power consumption of the treatment plant during dry weather operations. The model balances electricity costs and treatment quality based on linear dynamical models and predictions of storage capacity and effluent concentrations and quality. The monetary savings of the MPC strategy for this speciďŹ c case in Kolding plant were quantiďŹ ed around approximately 200 DKK per day when fully exploiting the allowed storage capacity. Although the application to the speciďŹ c Kolding system is not providing as great savings in monetary terms as expected, the structure of the proposed holistic approach enables an easy application in any other catchment. Hence this provides an important contribution towards the integration of municipal wastewater treatment and sewer system operation in electric smart grids in urban areas.

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city : distribution

Starovice : Smartg SMART HOUSE PHENOMENON IS COMPLETED BY SMART NETWORKS - SMART GRIDS. BOTH IS CONNECTED, FOR EXAMPLE, IN STAROVICE IN BŘECLAV, WHERE A UNIQUE SMART VILLAGE PROJECT IS BUILT. WHAT CAN THE ELECTRICAL NETWORKS OF THE FUTURE DO AND WHAT IS THEIR MEANING?

A unique laboratory is being established in Starovice near Hustopeče. 41 family houses equipped with photovoltaics and heat pumps also count on wallboxes for recharging electric cars. The investor of new family houses in a low-energy standard is the company Přemysl Veselý invest and in terms of energy the project is provided by the company E.ON, which will equip the location with a smart energy network, the so-called Smart Grid. At present, the infrastructure in Starovice has been completed and the construction of family houses is beginning. The ﬁrst people could move into the smart homes there at the end of 2021. „We deploy not only a smart transformer station, but also an electrical network with two-way data communication. Thanks to it, for example, we are better capable to control and manage the distribution system,” explains Lukáš Svoboda, who is in charge of Smart City projects at E.ON. : What data do you get with Smart-Grid technology? In particular, the data needed for monitoring and control of the distribution system. Thanks to the advent of Smart Grids, we are moving smart elements to lower voltage levels, and thus closer to customers. At distribution transformer stations we have an accurate overview of all electrical quantities and the state of individual elements. The customer‘s smart electricity meter measures voltages, currents, powers, even in individual phases directly at the point

of consumption. The measured data from transformer stations and smart meters then meet in central systems, where we work with them to control the distribution system. According to the measured data, we also plan to modernize and develop electrical networks. : Can municipalities also use this data? Of course, we do not keep the measured data to ourselves. We will provide them to the owners of collection points in a clear form through a web portal. We are preparing special websi-

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grid housing construction for consumption points, we collect data from electricity meters for measuring type A or B from 30,000 customers. We are gradually deploying classic smart electricity meters for measuring type C and we want to install almost thirty thousand new pieces by the end of 2023. We also plan to replace another 300,000 meters with smart ones. This is what the legislation tells us to do, and this extensive exchange will be completed around the end of 2027. : What is the future of smart grids? The future of Smart Grids is, of course, huge. We get a lot of information, and if we learn to work well with them and use them as efficient tools, the energy industry will face a huge change. Thanks to smart technologies, we will easily and quickly locate faults. Ideally, the customer will not even notice the fault, because thanks to Smart Grids, the distribution system switches itself and manages the affected section. Thanks to the newly installed smart meters, the electricity trade will also change.

tes for municipalities with information on consumption points, including the course of their consumption. The municipality, or municipal power engineers, can then work with the data, buy electricity more efficiently, or look for areas where there is room to reduce its consumption. : How many customers already use smart grids? Exact numbers are, of course, difficult to determine. If we collect data at a transformer station, we have it from all customers who take electricity from it. If we are to specify the numbers

: How is this technology implemented in existing buildings? Installing Smart Grid components into existing distribution system objects is not complicated, but it always depends on the speciﬁc case. Sometimes everything ﬁts into an existing building and high-voltage and low-voltage switchboards are replaced with smart ones in the transformer station. Sometimes space is scarce, and the entire transformer station has to be replaced. With the installation of a smart electricity meter, it is very simple, it is just exchanged piece by piece. The new smart meter is as big as the old one, in possibly two-tariff consumption points, only the cables from the receiver are connected to the smart meter. : How will people use smart grids for smart homes? Smart home is a concept of living with the use of information technology, especially for setting and regulating heating, ventilation, lighting, motorized sun blinds or house security. The control of the individual elements is usually combined into one control centre, often with a touch screen. It is then also

city : distribution

possible to set up and monitor all systems in the house remotely via the Internet on a computer, tablet, or mobile phone. A smart household thus increases the comfort of its owners and saves money. The smart grid also uses digital technology to better connect electricity producers, distributors, and customers. When supply exceeds demand, you can easily ﬁnd out, for example, that a low - cheapest - tariff is used. You can then use home appliances more efficiently by connecting the application to information from smart grids. Today, the share of smart homes in the domestic market is in the order of percentages. Their number is gradually growing, but it is not as fast as abroad. In my opinion, this is mainly due to the limited ﬁnancial possibilities of customers and a certain conservatism - customers prefer traditional family houses. : What makes this project so unique? What technologies will houses use? This project is unique in several respects. What I am especially proud of and hope that will not change is the fact that although there will be several types out of a total of 41 family houses, we will all guarantee a uniform architecture of appearance and environmental architecture, as environmentally friendly as possible, says the investor Přemysl Veselý. Another advantage of these modern houses will

be their almost energy self-sufficiency (around 70%), which in my opinion, with the constant rise in energy prices, will certainly play its part in the future, even some energy analysts predict a signiﬁcant rise. I emphasize that all houses are designed in a low energy standard. I believe in good luck to those who are prepared, so we have come up with a project where people will be able to live happily and relax after hard work in the beautiful landscape of South Moravia ﬁlled with sunshine and incredibly good wine from local winemakers. Thanks to carefully selected modern technologies, which we have designed here to make life more pleasant and easier for a person in this complex and demanding world, the buyer will get a timeless house ready for the future. Of course, there will be photovoltaic panels on the roof of each house, which will produce electricity and in combination with a heat pump will provide future users with one of the cheapest ways to heat households. I‘m happy to say that the Sun won‘t send an invoice to anyone, will it? I note that everything will be controlled by a smart control unit, to which other conveniences such as pool technology, electric opening and closing windows, including shading elements, intelligent sockets, weather stations, alarms, etc. It will really depend on each client what he/she requires and what will be his priority, we will not set limits. The bioclimatic aluminium pergola will decorate

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Lukáš Svoboda has been working for the energy company E.ON for 25 years. He has extensive experience in both distribution and sales. He has been working as a regional manager since 2006, and in 2015 he became the leader of the entire team of regional managers. This team primarily communicates with municipalities and cities (even in the event of emergencies) and coordinates, among other things, Smart City projects.

the terrace of each house, and for terraced houses there will also be a carport to shield the sun, rain and snow if necessary. With the impending drought, we perceive it as a necessary need to install a rainwater storage tank with a volume of 5-7 m3 for each house, depending on the size of the house. Of course, we also thought of electromobility, so each house will have preparation for the charging infrastructure, a smart network will also be built here, including the most modern transformer station. Carefully considered high-quality natural materials chosen for the construction of family houses that meet demanding thermal and acoustic properties also played a primary role in our country. The construction will be carried out by the parent company Přemysl Veselý stavební a inženýrská činnost s.r.o., which has been successfully operating on the Czech market for more than 30 years and is a guarantee of high quality. These are probably the main advantages of this unique project, adds Přemysl Veselý.

Přemysl Veselý, ml., has been working in the ﬁeld of construction for over 20 years, he is an executive of the company PŘEMYSL VESELÝ invest. s.r.o.

city : distribution

Smart measurement of water and heat consumption THIS TERM HAS RECENTLY BEEN USED VERY OFTEN, NOT ONLY IN CONNECTION WITH THE MEASUREMENT OF WATER AND HEAT. WHAT CAN WE CALL „SMART“ IN THE FIELD OF WATER AND HEAT MEASUREMENT NOWADAYS?

Probably not, because we can read the meters either visually or remotely. However, we can „smartly“ handle the read data and further process the data so that it has some meaning or beneﬁ t and perhaps even overlap into other areas. In general, if we want to manage something, we must obtain real data for this activity correctly and on time. To this end, we have developed a comprehensive solution that ensures the timely and reliable delivery of data from meters where it is necessary to work with them.

: Gauges as basic building blocks When measuring water and heat consumption in apartment buildings, the relevant water meters and heat meters are installed in the individual apartments. And these are the main „building blocks“ of the whole system. The sources of the measured values and their parameters and reliability directly determine whether we receive the correct data or not. In this regard, it is necessary to choose carefully and more than low cost to choose proven reliable meters. Subsequent steps implement the mere transfer of measured data for further processing.

: How the whole solution works Central data collection from water meters and heat meters (netmetering) is realized through a ﬁxed network, which is installed in common areas of the building or in other suitable places. The ﬁxed network consists of electronic devices - so-called dataloggers and repeaters. A datalogger is basically a local computer that collects and stores data in its own memory. The installed datalogger is connected to the Internet and sends the received data to the selected FTP server. The sending takes place automatically at regular intervals. We recommend sending data once a day. Repeaters are devi-

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: How the read data is processed and displayed To automatically process and display the readings, we have created the ACOMM application, which provides all this on a regular basis. It is a web application that allows several levels of access. Access will thus be given to both administrators, members of the Flat owners´ association Committee and end consumers. The aim of the application is to make data from individual meters available at any time of the day or night. The application shows the structure of the house with individual meters. In addition to the status of meters, there is also a history of consumption in the form of tables and graphs, year-on-year comparison of consumption, data of planned meter replacements, etc. Of course, data exports for billing and further processing. The export format is solved individually depending on the needs of a speciﬁc customer. The whole system is designed so that the application is installed on the server of the customer (management company), so the data always remains at the administrator.

: What gauges can be read

ces that are installed between the datalogger and the read meters, they are so-called signal ampliﬁers, which transmit data from the meters directly to the data logger. Repeaters and data loggers communicate with meters and with each other wirelessly. Data can be read from meters that transmit in the wireless MBus EN 13757 protocol. In terms of capacity - one datalogger can receive and store and send data from a maximum of 2,500 meters. The number of repeaters is determined by the construction and size of the building.

The whole system can read different brands of meters, it is always necessary to test a speciﬁc brand and type of meter. We recommend Maddalena water meters and heat meters, especially based on long-term experience. It is an Italian manufacturer of water meters, whose history dates to 1919. Today, Maddalena manufactures more than 3 million water meters and heat meters per year and supplies them to 63 countries around the world. The exclusive representative for the Maddalena brand in the Czech Republic is the company Hannso s.r.o. based in Hradec Králové, which has a network of authorized partners throughout the Czech Republic.

Hannso s.r.o. - Exclusive representation of the Maddalena brand Hannso s.r.o. based in Hradec Králové is a trading company engaged in the import of water meters and heat meters of the Maddalena brand to the Czech Republic. This activity is linked to other services related to remote meter reading, including all technical support. The company has a network of authorized partners throughout the Czech Republic. The company‘s goal is that the customer always receives his goods in the expected quality and on time. The vast majority of delivered products are therefore in stock ready for dispatch within 48 hours. Hannso s.r.o. employees emphasize an individual approach regardless of the size of your project. We provide clear technical support and advice for the delivered products.

city : spotřeba

The area of the size of the regional hospital

as a semi-LDA A CONSORTIUM OF FOUR RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS IS CURRENTLY WORKING ON A PROJECT ENTITLED „LOCAL SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT IN THE MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENT WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF ISLAND OPERATION“. DUE TO ITS FOCUS, THE PROJECT FALLS INTO THE SUB-PROGRAM „LONG-TERM TECHNOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES“, IN THE PERIOD 2018-2025 AND IS FINANCED WITHIN THE PROGRAM SUPPORT PROVIDED BY THE TA CR AGENCY. THE EXTERNAL APPLICATION GUARANTORS OF THE PROJECT ARE THE CENTRAL BOHEMIAN INNOVATION CENTRE AND THE ZLÍN REGION.

city : one The aim of the project is to design a comprehensive solution of the energy source for selected type solutions of LDA (local distribution areas), which consider possible cooperation with higher TYPES of distribution from central energy suppliers and alternatively an autonomous energy cycle. The following standard solutions are developed in the project: The area of the regional hospital, a municipality with a size of 500 ÷ 800 inhabitants, a set of apartment buildings on the outskirts of the district town and a smaller production plant. There is a real model for each of the presented type solutions, which is the source of a wide range of input data: Overview of parameters of sources, distribution equipment and appliances, aggregated or purposefully divided overviews of energy supply in selected tracing time intervals, real expenditure on energy consumed, other circumstances condition and operation of energy systems in standard solutions. The research work focuses on the variant processing of the energy mix: Central Energy provision, combined production of heat and energy, RES (PV, FTE, geothermal sources, wind energy, heat pumps) and energy storage in individual types of solutions, where not only the resulting energy balance is used to evaluate the design quality, but as well as an economic evaluation of the proposed variants and, ﬁnally, an assessment of the impact of the solution on the environment.

: Initial realities of the analysed area The area has been used for medical purposes since 1927. Since the original concept of the strictly pavilion hospital, the charac-

ter has been gradually changed in several waves (especially in the second half of the 20th century): there was extensive use of the area, when large multi-storey buildings were added, but also to increase the intensiﬁcation, when the existing buildings were rebuilt, consisting mainly in the increase of the built-up volume. The types of building structures and their thermal insulation parameters then correspond to the standards usual for the period of building activities. During the last 20 years, the insulation of the outer shell and the replacement of windows was carried out for some of the buildings, and for the installation of efficient air conditioning. Nevertheless, the condition of the area (and only from the energy point of view) can be assessed as morally obsolete and underfunded in the long run. At present, the entire hospital complex includes more than 30 buildings almost 1 kilometre apart. Bed stations are in 15 buildings, operating rooms in four places. Acute and follow-up care has over 900 beds. The complex employs more than 2,200 people. The procedures are over 45,000 patients a year. The energy system of the complex is based on the central supply of energy: electricity, heat, and natural gas. Electricity generators powered by diesel engines and a sufficiently dimensioned natural gas boiler for heat production and hot water preparation are installed in the complex. Approximate values of the annual energy intensity of the complex: Electricity consumption 7÷9 GWh, heat consumption 42,000÷46,000 GJ, natural gas consumption 60,000÷63,000 m3. Aggregated energy costs for the year are lower in the tens of millions of CZK.

: Simulation models To generalize the functional dependencies of parameters determining the performance and dynamics of energy systems in individual types of solutions, two different approaches are used, a dynamic physical model of heat consumption (addressing the effects of outdoor temperature, air exchange with the environment, solar radiation, presence of people and equipment in the building) and Prediction model with neural networks of future electricity consumption (e.g. for setting power system controls, power accumulators, chargers for electric cars, etc.).

: Conversion of the area into a semi-LDA The identified energy revitalization of the regional hospital premises can be divided into two groups: Investments with a significant impact and investments with a less significant impact on cost savings. Another criterion for the evaluation of individual variants of energy optimization is the degree of autonomy of the energy circuit of the area.

city : spotřeba

Heat production and consumption (GJ)

the acquisition costs of the CHP and the construction of a heat pipeline in the hospital complex. This variant is based on maintaining partial energy supplies from central sources and partial own production of electricity and heat. Example: For a 600 kWe CHP, own production represents 62% of electricity consumption and 43% of heat consumption. Compared to the initial state, the gas consumption as fuel for CHP will increase 20 times. From an economic point of view (including CHP support), the calculated return on investment is less than 3.7 years and the IRR internal rate of return is 38% (data valid for KGJ 600 kWe, realities valid to the conditions at the time of balance calculation).

2. Use of an existing gas boiler for heat production and hot water preparation Building 17 consuption - reality vs prediction

: In the group of investments with a significant impact, the following variants were identified: 1. Installation of a cogeneration unit (CHP), alternatively in three power categories From the course of electricity and heat consumption for the last fi ve years, the courses of electricity consumption bands and the courses of average monthly heat consumption were compiled. Subsequently, three power levels (in kWe) of cogeneration units 600, 800 and 2 x 600 (kWe) were identified. The number of operating hours of the CHP in a year was determined by the condition that all the heat produced will be consumed in the LDA. In terms of investment, this option represents

A boiler with an output of more than 4 MWt is already installed in the hospital complex. With its life cycle, it has used up less than 15% of the planned operating time. In the current energy scheme, the boiler forms a backup unit for central heat supply. In practice, it supplies heat at a time when the central source is undergoing periodic (operative) maintenance, which represents on average 2 weeks in a calendar year, predominantly in the summer. Similarly to variant no. 1, the operating hours of the boiler were determined according to the course of the average monthly heat consumption. In terms of investment, this variant represents the construction of a heat pipe in the hospital complex. This option is based on maintaining a full supply of electricity from a central source. The gas boiler provides 100% of the heat consumption in the LDA. However, the connection to the central heat supply is maintained, as it forms a backup source for heat supply. Compared to the initial state, the gas consumption as fuel for the boiler will increase 25 times. From an economic point of view, the calculated return on investment is less than 0.7 years and the IRR internal rate of return rate is 876! % (realities valid to the conditions at the time of calculating the balance).

3. Combination of cogeneration unit installation and use of an existing gas boiler This variant is a combination of the previous two variants with the fact that complete disconnection from the central heat supply is achieved. The necessary condition of securing a backup heat source can be solved in two ways: By installing a backup gas boiler (approximately half the output of the main gas boiler), or by using waste heat from backup diesel generators, which would start only in emergency mode in accordance with their original purpose. In terms of investment, this option represents the acquisition costs of the CHP and either the acquisition costs of the backup boiler or an investment in

city : one the heat exchange system for the use of waste heat from diesel-electric units. Economically, both types of energy advance are similar: Higher investment costs in the backup boiler are off set by the cost of conducting waste heat from diesel generators and subsequently higher fuel consumption compared to gas boiler consumption for the same volume of heat generated. This variant is based on maintaining a partial supply of electricity from central sources and complete disconnection from the central heat supply. Example: For a CHP unit with an output of 600 kWe and a boiler with an output of 4 MWt, own production represents 62% of electricity consumption and 100% of heat consumption. Compared to the initial state, the gas consumption as fuel for CHP and gas boiler will increase 35 times. From an economic point of view (including CHP support) the calculated return on investment is less than 2.3 years and the internal rate of return IRR is 58% (data valid for KGJ 600 kWe, gas boiler 4 MWt, realities valid to the conditions at the time of balance calculation).

: In the group of investments with a less signiﬁcant impact, the following options were processed: 1. Completion of the plan for thermal insulation of energy-important buildings. For the purposes of the study, one model building in the investigated area was selected: The total annual heat consumption for heating and TeV preparation in the given building is greater than 4,200 GJ. The proposed system of thermal insulation of the outer shell of the building and installation of windows with low heat loss can reduce heat consumption by 60% (note: the existing selected building is very energy efficient). From an economic point of view, the calculated annual savings in heat costs in the building are more than CZK 650,000, the calculated return on investment is less than 16 years and the internal rate of return IRR is 5% (data valid for the selected model type of insulation and selected windows, construction cost applicable to the conditions at the time of the balance sheet calculation).

2. Installation of photovoltaic panels on the roofs of buildings. In the analysed case, in addition to the orientation of the building, the size and structure of the roofs for installation, it was necessary to consider the fact that some buildings in the area are listed, and therefore unavailable for the installation of FTV panels. For the purposes of the study, ten objects most suitable for the intended purpose were selected. The primary

determination of the obtained energy is the conversion of electrical energy into heat in the cells of the cartridges located in the water storage tanks in the building transfer stations and the preparation of hot water, or its preheating or reheating. An alternative use of the generated electricity is to supply air conditioning units close to the FTV panels (especially on warm summer days, this connection will be very frequent). In the considered case, the total installed capacity of FTV panels is 980 kWp. Heat production is 4,000 GJ and covers 13% of all heat consumption of selected buildings.

3. Controlled temperature regime in selected zones. The following parameters were measured in selected buildings within the project: · · · ·

Immediate performance on individual transfer stations temperatures in the zones of selected objects air temperatures around buildings solar radiation outputs in the area

The measured values of internal temperatures in the zones in the period October-December 2019 ranged from 22 ° C to 26 ° C. It is an identified reserve for reducing internal temperatures without the reduction having a significant impact on the comfort of staff and patients. Using a dynamic physical model of heat consumption and parallel measurement of system parameters to achieve controlled indoor temperatures in the range of 22÷23 °C, savings in heat consumption in the analysed building of 4% were simulated. One of the findings was that the greatest savings are achieved in periods with higher outdoor temperatures, especially on sunny days, when the contribution of sunlight to the temperature in the measured zones is evident. Typically, this is the transition period of the calendar year, i.e., the beginning and end of the heating season.

: Conclusion The team concluded that it makes real sense to deal with selected investments in the energy system of the analysed area. Some simpliﬁcations were adopted in the solution, e.g., the effects on prices from central energy suppliers caused by the reduction of annual energy consumption were not assessed, etc. Although the costs of described energies account for only 2% of total operating costs of medical facilities, savings in nominal values already represent signiﬁcant amounts for the company‘s operations. #Jiří Ehrlich, Petr Prokop and Pavel Sláma Department of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering CTU

city : spotřeba

Community energy within reach change can be initiated by municipalities

COMMUNITY ENERGY, SMART ELECTRICITY, CARBON NEUTRALITY. TERMS THAT WE HAVE HEARD MORE AND MORE OFTEN IN RECENT YEARS FROM THE MAYORS OF LARGE CITIES AS WELL AS SMALL MUNICIPALITIES. LAST YEAR, SOME EVEN JOINED THE CLIMATE EMERGENCY DECLARATION. THERE ARE ALREADY SEVERAL SUCH SUSTAINABLY AMBITIOUS PROJECTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC. IN KNĚŽICE IN THE NYMBURK DISTRICT, THEY PRODUCE THEIR OWN HEAT AND GREEN ELECTRICITY.

: How to start when you want a smart city, town, or district? In Hostětín, a small village in the heart of the Carpathians, they built a passive house, an organic cider house and a root wastewater treatment plant, which provides water for the whole village. And in Židlochovice in the Brno region, they are again preparing to build a smart district with houses that will be energy-efficient in terms of electricity and water consumption.

For projects of this type to be created in larger numbers, changes in the laws are needed. According to František Vašek from Nano Energies, we can inﬂuence the speed of these changes ourselves. He sees inspiration, for example, in Bristol, England, where a cooperative energy community has been operating successfully for several years. It is a pilot project that was also sanctioned by the British regulator Ofgem when it granted an exemption for Bristol. „Bristol sends a message that says that when we join forces, we can implement similar projects in our country and test on them how to set rules for everyone else according to the experience and data gained,“ explains Vašek. At Nano Energies, where he leads the division dealing with renewables and sustainability, they already have experience with community energy. They cooperate, for example, with the thermally self-sufficient village Kněžice. Current legislation does not allow them to send the green energy they produce directly to local outlets. Nano Energies therefore buys green electricity from them and then sends it back. They also prepared a special tariff for Kněžice, which will save the locals on power electricity. So far, it is only considered in the price of the distribution, but the mayor is already thinking about the next stage and use of the local network, which will physically reach the electricity produced in the village. According to Vašek, there are several possibilities for following the Kněžice path. From the construction of its own municipal energy source, through the installation of selected buildings with photovoltaic panels, which can thus become energy self-sufficient, to the transition to a green tariff. At all points, Nano Energies offers experience and a helping hand.

city : one

: Four steps to your own source of green energy

there‘s a big risk that the old, fossil energy will swallow that money,“ he explains.

According to Vašek, the construction of the own source has several stages. „The ﬁrst step is to compile an energy balance. We look at what objects are in the village, how many consumers there are and accordingly we will recommend a type of source that is tailor-made for the place and corresponds to the expected consumption. Then comes technological feasibility. The possibilities of connection to electricity distribution, measurement of production, consumption and overﬂows into the network, the need for source stabilization, potential for accumulation of surpluses and operational management of the whole microgrid to maximize own consumption of produced electricity - in short, the technology we need to prepare a technical proposal. František Vašek explains the individual phases.

And what direction should legislative change go? According to František Vašek, the Mieterstrom model, which operates in neighbouring Germany, is a good inspiration. „Imagine, for example, an apartment building that produces its own green electricity with photovoltaic panels on the roof. They mix it with conventional electricity from the grid and the mix then goes to the sockets of the house‘s inhabitants. The house has a device at the foot that can calculate how much electricity they produced themselves and how much they took from the grid. It is advantageous for both parties the residents save money because they generate electricity partly themselves and the distributor is still in the game,” Vašek describes the model operation. He can imagine it even in Czech conditions. „The distributor would be given a new obligation for selected metering cases to share with the group of customers and consider in the total payment for distribution the part of electricity that was produced and consumed locally. And it could work not only for apartment buildings, but also for entire municipalities or other associated communities,“ he presents his vision. Support should be given to projects with a clear potential for renewables - such as the recovery of energy-efficient waste or natural energy.

„Subsequently, we prepare an economic balance sheet. Municipalities can also make money from electricity generation if, for example, they get involved in providing flexibility,” he explains. Nano Energies has extensive experience in the field of energy flexibility, where it helps to monetize excess current for several clients. „No one in the communal has done it yet, but it can happen. If there is interest in it, we will be happy to help. Probably no other company in the Czech Republic has as much experience with energy flexibility as we do.” The last, fourth phase, is the operating model itself. „It happens that clients only want to help with this step. We have developed and tested software that is flexible. We can transfer it to virtually any project. We then take care of everything related to the transmission of electricity - network maintenance, metering, billing of energy flows. We usually know our clients personally, so we really tailor the service to their needs,” he explains.

: Old or new energy? Mayors may decide According to Vašek, municipalities that decide to follow this energy-visionary path often struggle, for example, with spatial planning or a lack of funds. They solve these either by debt or by applying for subsidies. At the same time, the Ministry of Industry and Trade has been claiming for a long time that few processed projects go to subsidies, which also justiﬁes the low amount of funds they allocate to them. According to František Vašek, it is in the project applications for subsidies that there is another great potential for how society can force the state to provide greater support for community energy. „It is very important that these projects are created. The ministry now plans to allocate only the minimum amount of funds it receives from the EU, because municipalities do not submit projects. If they start submitting them, it may change. And if that doesn‘t happen,

The push in waste management will significantly change the game. Municipalities must stop landfilling by 2030 at the latest. This raises the question of what happens to waste. „I recommend not postponing this decision. Think about what can be done differently and we can always do it better. Analyse old emissions, sources, see if landfilling cannot be solved otherwise, for example by incineration and help with heat production. In short, to map the potential that a municipality can have.” According to František Vašek, these are steps that everyone can take immediately. And it is also a way to move closer to the much-discussed carbon neutrality recently.

city : spotĹ&#x2122;eba

Smart switchboard for public lighting based on open technologies and the Tecomat Foxtrot 2 system

city : one

brief description of the solution of one of them. It is based on open data and technologies, secure communications, and the latest generation of the Foxtrot 2 control system from the company Teco a.s. Among other things, a broadband wireless connection (4G / LTE / 5G) provided by some of the operators can be routed to the switching points and thus create the basic backbone network of the urban IoT. The switch-on point itself can then create its own wireless network in the open unlicensed ISM band (868MHz), through which mesh communication or successive retransmissions can cover the communication of each luminaire connected to the slave outlets. For such a concept, Foxtrot 2 is the ideal basic „building block“ of any modern switchboard. In such a case, the switchboard can be equipped with on-line secondary measurement of the switching point not only as a whole, but also with detailed measurement on each outlet. By measuring the instantaneous power input and comparing it with the nominal value, it is possible to detect the failure of an individual luminaire, which can be notiﬁed by email or SMS warning message or WEB notiﬁcation to the mobile phone of service staff and timely exchange to avoid complaints

THOUGHTFUL RECONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC LIGHTING IN MUNICIPALITIES AND CITIES DOES NOT HAVE TO START WITH A SIMPLE REPLACEMENT OF DISCHARGE LAMPS WITH LED LAMPS SIMPLY BECAUSE THE SUBSIDIES ARE CONDITIONED PRIMARILY BY THE IMPERATIVE OF SAVINGS. AND TODAY, LED TECHNOLOGY IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ATTRIBUTE OF ENERGY SAVINGS.

A more systematic approach is to start with infrastructure reconstruction. That is, from switching points - public lighting switchboards; from local points spread around the city or village. The company Technology of the Capital City of Prague went in this direction and veriﬁed this concept on pilot projects at the beginning of 2020. The following is a very

city : spotřeba from inhabitants. So the basics of the system are continuous online monitoring of the condition of circuit breakers, contactors, overvoltage protections, indoor and outdoor temperature measurement, outdoor lighting or monitoring of the status of backup batteries, automatic diagnostics of the control system and all its communication lines and switching from automatic to manual mode. A new and important moment is the remote access to the switchboard. Thanks to Foxtrot 2, which has an integrated LTE modem that allows it to be connected to the Internet anywhere, the situation is simple, and you can use an internal website. For secure, authorized access via any browser, the TecoRoute service can be used - access via a secure https protocol and without a public IP address, or newly via a VPN network. Foxtrot 2 has a state-of-the-art Wireguard VPN integrated. This level of access is sufficient for municipalities and small towns that do not intend to integrate access to individual public lighting switchboards under a higher unit or into a database system. Larger cities, on the other hand, can use the standardized MQTT protocol, which is popular in the world of the Internet of Things (IoT) and sometimes synonymous with it, for integration into an existing or newly built centralized technical services dispatch centre. Using this protocol, which is part of the basic equipment of the Foxtrot system, the switch-on point publishes all necessary and required data to the superior database (see the figure). The application program and its web pages in the settings section allow the user to configure virtually any parameter, even in the part of controlling the content and frequency of communication of these parameters to the parent database. The operator thus has the system fully in his hands and is not dependent on the supplier in routine operational modifications or service. In the spring of 2020, the concept described above was implemented as part of a pilot project of the company Technology of the Capital City of Prague at seven locations in Prague. Smooth replacement of old switchboards with new and communicating ones from day to day, and continuous operation from the end of April with centralized monitoring at the operator‘s control room confirm the practicality and reliability of the concept described above. This project is replicable to other cities and municipalities as it is ready for integration into already operated city information systems. Although it is implemented in an outdoor environment, this concept is applicable to any other consumption point with virtually any number of outlets and power inputs. Inquiries can be directed to Teco a.s. # Ing. Jaromír Klaban, klaban@tecomat.cz, Teco a.s., Kolín,

www.tecomat.cz

TecoRoute without public IP address HTTPS Acces

MQTT Broker

Lte 868 MHz Switching point switchboard

The concept of wireless communication of the public lighting switch-on point to the superior control room, communication with service staff and communication with each subordinate lighting point. The new Foxtrot 2 is the communication

city : one

The modern „Smart“ switching point contains

Extension of wireless communication with individual light poles

Up to 30 × f1 pins

and control center here, and other sensors can be connected via its network in the 868 MHz band, thus naturally expanding the Internet of Things (IoT).

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Management view of switching points via a table or map. At ﬁrst glance, the color of the icons determines the basic states of the switch-on point.

Foxtrot CP-2005 control and communication centre with LTE modem for connection to VPN or TecoRoute network. Expansion modules of inputs, outputs Power supply 230 V AC / 24 V DC / with UPS function 24 V DC backup battery 36-channel electricity meter (up to 12 three-phase outlets measured in individual phases) Measurement of the total 3f sampling of switch-on point Measurement of consumption of individual 1f terminals 1f hybrid contactors (switching in 0 - ready for LED loads with capacitive character of the load) 1f circuit breakers with auxiliary contact Main fuse, main switch, lightning arresters Manual / Automatic - switch Temperature and brightness / twilight sensors Output terminal block of individual directions Switchboard service lighting Door contact

city : spotřeba

RETROFIT commercial building for intelligent wiring RETROFITTING AN EXISTING COMMERCIAL BUILDING WITH A SOLUTION FOR MODERNIZATION AND AUTOMATION WITH INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY SAVINGS. UPGRADE OF OFFICES, SHOWROOMS, SHOPPING ARCADES, WAREHOUSES & HALLS.

2 most important premises of an intelligent retroﬁt solution directly from the customer 1.

Do not stop or restrict the normal operation of the shopping centre for the necessary reconstruction of lighting after 15 years from construction!

2. The highest possible in-house safety of intelligent energy management of building lighting and immediate demonstrable operational savings!

Our assignment to develop the entire retroﬁt of a commercial solution for the modernization and automation of an existing building with intelligent management and energy savings was based on experience with our most established partners, facility managers and technical management of shopping centres, office buildings and industrial plants.

These people will take over the building for day-to-day operational management once it has been designed and built. Many of our customers operate buildings that have been in operation for 5, 10 or more years and it is very difficult to reconstruct the existing building without stopping the operation and moving out, which would cost considerable resources not only for technical renovation, but mainly for regaining tenants or reputation compared to constructions that already contain intelligent control elements. MyIQRF retroﬁt commercial solution allowed us to bring to existing buildings elements of the most modern electrical installations such as the safest wireless switching control and lighting control based on luxmeters and future ventilation using temperature, humidity and CO2 sensors, control of shading technology. This is thanks to the intuitive Apolon software, which uses the map data of the building, time diagrams of switching and control of simply user-deﬁned groups of lights, other electrically controlled elements and thus an extremely valued mobile control room. With the greatest value for any customer, without the need to dismantle or renew cable distribution, even in the case of newly built lighting control using DALI.

city : one

It can be said that the installation process is feasible „overnight“ ight“ by disconnecting the wiring of individual lights and connecting cting ation IQRF & DALI elements, luxmeters, and subsequent installation of IQRF wireless communication gateway for remote control rol of elements, launching a secure internal webserver for confi nfiguration and user control. Changes and modifications of configurations by own crew w are not only a desired feature, but in fact a necessity due to o the constantly changing needs of tenants of commercial premises mises and changes in the configuration of groups or the achieved eved intensity of lighting. This is the safest retrofit of the electrical installation of existing buildings with intelligent automation elements and effective management of operational savings. Simple installation process by connecting to the original electrical installation without the need to replace the lighting distribution, using the additionally connected necessary elements of MyIQRF PowerSwitch & DALI Bridge. Light control using the DALI standard enables digital control of light intensity, feedback on the status of individual luminaires and easy adjustment of the configuration when changing the way rooms are used. This creates a lighting file that you control seamlessly on the iot iqrf wireless network using the MyIQRF ICUBE Gateway

connected to the internal LAN LAN. Planning time schedules and lighting groups is done in the intuitive application of the Apolon server, which is the safest internal variant of lighting control without the need for a cloud; remote connection and conﬁguration can be performed using a VPN. The user is to control the lighting and its groups on the additionally installed wireless buttons or using the internal application on the phone, tablet, or internal website. Automated dimming and lighting switching processes work with wireless luxmeters based on ambient light intensity. Thanks to MyIQRF RETROFIT, the existing commercial building can be transformed into a building with intelligent electrical installation without the need to replace wiring; it is a quick transformation into an intelligent building with a high level of security.

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city : traffic

An integrated approach to

P+R digitization THE SOUTH MORAVIAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT COORDINATOR, KORDIS JMK, IS GRADUALLY BUILDING AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION ON THE OCCUPANCY OF P + R CAR PARKS IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION AND IN THE CATCHMENT AREA OF BRNO, THE MORAVIAN METROPOLIS.

city : one The role of public regional transport integrator has changed signiﬁcantly in many European cities over the last ten years. Thanks to the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept, the original provider of services related exclusively to public transport is also shifting its interest in integrating data from related areas, namely parking, cycling and electronic payments; Covid also helped with interest in data on the concentration of people in transport hubs. Providing a comprehensive alternative transport service compared to car transport is already an established direction - there is talk of a coalition of sustainable mobility, which can be interpreted in the ﬁeld of innovation as integration of travel data in the region and efforts to change traffic behaviour through new travel planners. These can be stimulated only by providing the necessary services and information, good connections, and pricing policy. Vienna has been providing information in trams on free bicycles for rent at public transport stops; the South Moravian transport coordinator KORDIS provides data on P + R occupancy for the P + R network in the region with a long-term development program.

: Real capacities „In 2018, in cooperation with the Transport Research Centre as part of the European project SOLEZ, we pilot-tested a detection system for P + R in the town of Blansko,“ explains Květoslav Havlík from KORDIS, „and the long-term statistics just obtained provided us with a lot of useful information. We learned that the capacity of the car park in Blansko of 213 vehicles is actually full at peak times of up to 250 vehicles, and that people are making full use of this interchange for traveling to Brno by train.” It is the capacity balance that is very important in building P+R. Often, as part of the investments made, only construction modifications of existing car parks take place, for example at railway stations, without knowledge of the current or projected required capacity. Demand then significantly exceeds supply and the result is a fully utilized parking lot with crowded surrounding streets, which make the neighbourhood angry about. „Very good information that we can get from the system is the morning rush hour, i.e., at what time the parking lot is completely full and whether the trend changes or how the individual days differ,“ adds Havlík, which was useful information for comparison in spring and autumn Covid. „In mid-March, we registered a filling of around 240 vehicles, a subsequent drop to 35 vehicles at the beginning of April, in June we reached about 150 vehicles, in September again to values up to around 250 and from the end of September again a very significant decline to tens of vehicles. The autumn fall is slightly lower than in the spring, but we can still talk about the decrease of 50-80%. These data

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are thus also economic arguments about real losses and factual evidence of the decline in public transport caused by Covid, which is now being addressed by all carriers.”

: Information for passengers However, the data is not only used for the decision of the transport coordinator, but it is also useful for municipalities or passengers. The data provides a long-term documentation of the use of the built public infrastructure and can be thus the basis for audits of these investments, often ﬁnanced from the EU Structural Funds. In addition, municipalities with P + R have the system‘s data connectivity (their own SIM card), through which the system sends data to the Internet, and thus have access to the data. The connectivity gained in this way can be used to expand the system and monitor other municipal parking areas only for the cost of installed sensors, which makes the technology available to small communities. This is currently possible at the other two P + Rs, in towns of Tišnov and Hustopeče. Passengers beneﬁt from occupancy information when planning their trips, so they can keep track of, for example, when the car park is full in the morning and whether they can park easily. “Another valuable information for passengers that we provide through the mobile application „Park and ride“ is the current availability of the parking lot. Following the POSEIDON application, which enables the purchase of electronic tickets and provides information on traveling by public transport around the region, this is another contribution to the digitization of public transport.“

: Building a P + R network in the region One of the important parts of sustainable mobility plans is the interconnection not only of public transport connections, but also of other modes of transport. In addition to parking capacity monitoring, these new or renewed transport hubs also require facilities for parking a bicycle, suitable public lighting, or other safety features. It is important to consider shading the parking areas by structures with solar panels and make P + R a potential energy source. The rainwater collected from these areas would then be used to water the surrounding greenery or to sprinkle traffic areas. From the point of view of data collection, monitoring of soil moisture, reading of produced energy, parking possibilities for cars and bicycles and statistics of their use appear to be potential use cases. „We are very serious about complying with EU Regulation 1926/2017, which obliges carriers to publish public transport data to support the digital economy across Europe. KORDIS has been committed to the principles of open data since the beginning of its existence. Digital services in public transport certainly increase the quality of the service provided and make it easier for people to plan trips. It is in this pandemic time that it is very topical. That is why KORDIS has created an overview of car parks in the region, which function as P + R”.

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city : traffic „To build the foundation of the system, we used two European projects, SOLEZ and SUBNODES, which ﬁrst enabled the construction of this modern solution in Blansko and subsequently in Hustopeče. Tišnov P + R has already become part of the P + R project managed by the town of Tišnov, and we are already applying to other cities that are interested in joining the system,“ added Havlík.

: Digitization of transport – digital model

Firemen tower in Hustopeče with a LoRa gateway

: Technical aspects of the system The advantages of the deployed P + R occupancy monitoring system include its low price, low maintenance costs, fast installation, and the provision of 5-minute data for a period of 5 years. The system does not require a construction permit and is not, by its nature, subject to GDPR. This sensor IoT system uses battery-powered magnetometers to provide data 24/7. „In Hustopeče, we also deployed a completely new generation of monitoring, the so-called free flow gate, due to the joint entry and exit,“ explains Lukáš Vecl on behalf of the CITIQ supplier. “We cover all possible driver manoeuvres with a network of sensors located at the wide entrance / exit on P + R. In Tišnov, we have deployed two free flow gates at the entrance and exit and evaluate them as a simple solution for detecting the occupancy of any car park.” An example of KORDIS‘s good cooperation with the town of Hustopeče and the local fire brigade is the fact that the control unit (a gateway) could be placed on the fire tower. Thanks to this location at a height of about 15 m above the ground, the connectivity of the system covers almost the entire city and allows „at the cost of the sensor“ to expand the system and use it for municipal purposes.

Traffic magnetometers are becoming a very good and economically affordable solution not only for the occupancy and capacity of P + R or other parking lots, but also for general monitoring of the traffic of the municipality or region. Continuous digital traffic counting with the possibility of classifying vehicles according to length and speed using a sensor network thus becomes a reality. The generated data is used both for planning, investment, or maintenance in transport (capacity or suitable construction layers of roads or other transport structures according to the real traffic load, planning of repairs and restrictions), and for digital spatial planning (digital limits of the area prioritizing services over transport infrastructure, impacts of new buildings/urban development on the traffic situation in cities, Air Quality Action Plan, etc.). “We have been monitoring several road sections in the Czech Republic and Moravia for various customers for a long time; For example, in Kvasiny, we have been monitoring the traffic load in municipalities for ŠKODA AUTO for 4 years and the very ﬁrst ﬁnding was that the number of vehicles from the 2016 national traffic census was half the reality! This is the main argument for abandoning manual traffic counting and using digital technologies. The system automatically generates data-based arguments for road bypasses of urban areas, correctly dimensioned roundabouts, impacts of traffic calming measures or parking policy,” adds Lukáš Vecl his experience with the operation of the IoT traffic load system. „The system is also purchased by small municipalities, for example for monitoring trucks that avoid tolls on motorways,“ comments Lukáš Vecl.

: Transition to data economy Meeting the requirements of European directives and regulations in the ﬁeld of transport thus goes hand in hand with digitization. Widespread measurement of traffic load will enable the creation of such data that will be appreciated by a wide range of users, from local governments, transport designers, construction companies, logistics companies or ordinary drivers to land planners and developers. Data-driven urban planning management is the basis of digital transformation, which can use simulations to improve and speed up planning and permitting processes and can make a signiﬁcant contribution to our smarter behaviour. #David Bárta a Květoslav Havlík, KORDIS JMK, a.s.

traffic sensors network

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2653 Total traffic per day Average speed Cars Vans Trucks

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Number of vehicles Vehicles´ length (vehicle categories) Average speed of the vehicles Number of vehicles above the chosen velocity limit

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The Future is Now Smart Mobility for Smart Cities WHATEVER WE TRY TO PREDICT FOR THE

TRANSFORMATION IS DONE RIGHT,

FUTURE HAS A CERTAIN CHANCE TO TURN

IT’S LIKE A CATERPILLAR TURNING INTO

OUT AS BULLSHIT. REMEMBER THE WORDS

A BUTTERFLY…”. THE KEY QUESTION IS

OF THOMAS J. WATSON SR., IBM CHAIRMAN,

HOW TO MAKE THE DIGITAL TRANSFOR-

WHO SAID IN DISTANT 1943: “I THINK

MATION OF MOBILITY HAPPEN IN SUCH

THERE IS A WORLD MARKET FOR ABOUT 5

A WAY THAT YOU GET A BEAUTIFUL BUT-

COMPUTERS.” NEVERTHELESS, TIME WENT

TERFLY AND NOT ANOTHER CATERPILLAR.

BY, THE TECHNOLOGICAL SCENERY HAS BEEN CHANGING FOLLOWING ITS OWN LAWS. MODERN KEY OPINION LEADER IN DIGITAL ECONOMY GEORGE WESTER-

However, before hastily implementing unproven disruptive technologies, why don’t we learn ﬁrst how to sustainably manage all the assets that we have already produced within at least the last two centuries?

MAN RETHOUGHT THE SITUATION IN THE FOLLOWING WAY: “WHEN DIGITAL

We still have a chance to make our existing assets more sustainable. In 2005, researcher Tim Roughgarden (Stanford

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Fotocredit: PixaBay / Tingyaoh

University) developed the mathematical foundations that can make computer networks up to 70 % faster. Next, he applied this to navigation principles and described the method by which people seek the way to their destination in the publication “Selfi sh Routing and the Price of Anarchy”. This became a trigger for the founders of Graphmasters. They made something almost impossible come true successfully, proving his scientific theories: already now, traffic fl ows can be increased by up to 30 %. Another trigger was the experience that 90 % of the vehicles use just 10 % of the available infrastructure and vice versa. Graphmasters has changed this anti-formula, saying that “a world without traffic jams is a utopia for some and a vision for us”. That is the icing on the cake, but what are the layers of “biscuit” below it? While everyone wants more mobility, many do not admit that they need to shift from current habits towards more sustainable behaviour. Traffic in all its forms gets more and more

intense and creates enormous challenges for traffic planners and managers, who must balance between the people’s interests, long-term visions, and economic constraints. In cities, expanding the available infrastructure seems like a simple solution: for example, building more roads to better cope with traffic density and, as a next step, slowing down the traffic flow by obstacles like temporary driving bans, expensive parking zones, speed reductions and more. Unfortunately, the results are often worse: traffic jams are getting longer and longer, people would rather pay fines than change their behaviour, air pollution is further increasing and there are hardly any improvements visible. But no worries! Graphmasters is not proposing you to invest yet another “pot of money” into new construction projects or into an innovative “fl ying saucer” to become “the future standard of moving things”. Also, we do not propose a disruptive shift but rather an organic one, even though we do use artificial intelligence, big data, user input and various real-time data, e. g. from traffic control centres.

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As a result, we provide multifactor-based optimizations of the mobility system right in its beating heart – on the roads like the ones you see just outside your window. Since 2013 we pursue the goal of making traffic better, which has led us to develop a special mode of navigation – collaborative routing. Collaborative routing is based on the principle of swarm intelligence, a phenomenon in which groups of individuals are connected to each other by intensive communication, allowing them to make intelligent decisions through collaboration. On this basis, we have developed our multiple award-winning product NUNAV software-as-a-service. It has paid off for us to listen to science and at the same time learn from nature, which has been pointing the right way for thousands of years. NUNAV impresses with its data updates at second intervals, which means that the routing takes place practically in real-time. This is possible because our technology is based not on pre-planned modules, but on a cloud solution. Instead of directing all road users going from A to B on one and the same route, as in air traffic each person is given an individual slot. As we calculate the capacity of the road networks, our system can fully utilize the existing resources. Thus, the flows in the entire traffic system are speeded by up to 30 %, and potential traffic jams are avoided. Another important feature is the so-called Strategy Editor, which enables authorities to virtually block individual corridors or optimally redirect the traffic in accordance with inner-city restrictions or travel bans. This can also be done in real-time and at the push of a button, allowing immediate reaction to any changes in the current traffic situation. This is an important factor in preventing an undesired shift of traffic to side streets, residential areas, or other traffic-reduced zones, e. g. during major events such as trade fairs, concerts, and sports events. Examples are the Hanover Marathon with more than 200’000 visitors in 2018, national festivities during the German Unity Day in 2019, concerts of Eminem (2018) and Helene Fischer (2019). Graphmasters is the official partner of Deutsche Messe AG for the routing to all their trade fairs in Hanover, which is the biggest fair ground in the world! “The intelligent, digital traffic management in Lower Saxony with NUNAV is unique in Germany. For the first time, we can address individual cars and, for example, guide them specifically to Park and Ride parking lots,” says Christoph Koppe, head of operational traffic management in the traffic management centre Hanover. The technology also works in a similar way for any urban utilities which use fleets to fulfil their services such as street cleaning, garbage collection and more. In fact, good management

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of these prosaic daily needs has positive effects on the quality of life for the people around. And this is what really matters. Let’s come to another side of the challenge: logistics, retail and parcel deliveries. With NUNAV Courier, we offer cities and municipalities a noticeable reduction in traffic ﬂows through intelligent organization and route optimization for these industries. This is right on the cutting edge, given rapid e-commerce increase resulting in huge workloads for couriers. With our AI-based turn-by-turn navigation services and route optimization algorithms, we optimize entire depots, saving our customers’ assets and ensuring a positive contribution to climate protection. Just to illustrate the dimensions of our impact: Hermes, Graphmasters’ largest customer in the ﬁeld of delivery services in Germany, has been using Graphmasters NUNAV technology for quite some time and, since then, the company has been saving more kilometres than the distance from the earth to the moon and back, every week! Even now with COVID-19, the number of kilometres driven by Hermes has not increased despite the tremendous growth in parcel volumes. “With this efficient traffic management on every tour, we can massi-

vely reduce the number of kilometres. This also has a positive effect on climate,” confirms Marco Schlüter, COO, Hermes Germany GmbH. These achievements might be the new benchmark in the courier, express and parcel industry (CEP). And beyond. True to our vision, we live up to our joint responsibility for the urban and rural sustainable development and well-being. Now having the right tools for efficient and sustainable traffic planning and management, we can bring technological innovation into harmony with ecological and economic requirements. Therefore, you and we will no longer lose our minutes, hours and days per year being stuck in traffic jams. And finally, our AI-based NUNAV technology fits both manually driven as well as autonomous means of transport, virtually connecting them with each other and integrating them into the entire urban eco-system. Thus, thinking realistically but in a future-oriented way, we want to reap the benefits of a systematic and smart mobility management. That’s how we are turning a caterpillar into a butterfl y. Now. #Gerhard Neubauer, Juliana Obynochnaya

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Water audit METHODOLOGY OF THE MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE „EVALUATION OF WATER USE AT THE ENTERPRISE LEVEL“ AS A TOOL FOR COMPLIANCE WITH ISO 46001 WATER EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

In the autumn of 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic commissioned the Beta2 project of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic „More economical use of water in industry and energy of the Czech Republic“ to develop a Methodology for assessing water use at the enterprise level, i.e., a methodology for so-called water audit. The annual project is made by 12 experts (4 data analysts, 3 process engineers, 2 scientists, hydraulic engineer, hydrologist, and project administrator) grouped under the main researcher of the project, company Envi-pur s.r.o. In addition to the methodology, the project outputs also include: · · ·

proposal of measures to support water saving activities in industry and energy. analysis of water demand by industry. a proposal to support innovative activities in the field of reducing water consumption.

: Methodology structure The water audit methodology is intended for the evaluation of water management of industrial enterprises. It deﬁnes the processing entity, the minimum scope of evaluation and the structure of the resulting report. It also describes the minimum and recommended range of procedures and methods used, including tools for its implementation. The methodology and the water audit itself are based on the principle of energy audit and the standard ISO 46001 Water Efficiency Management Systems, supplemented by professional and practical knowledge from the operational water management practice of industrial companies. Water audit is a comprehensive analysis of water management of the entity. It primarily deals with the management of water resources, the

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use of water in the company and the management of process and waste water. The key part is the analysis of water data management, water management balance and risk analysis associated with infrastructure, waste, data management and especially the risks associated with the lack of water resources. Secondly, the water audit identiﬁes proposals for possible measures to reduce these risks and deﬁnes the indicative parameters (KPI) of measures for future evaluation of their implementation. The water audit includes extensive appendices containing input data, balance sheets, graphical diagrams of the main water streams in the company, SWOT analysis, open calculation tools in the form of MS Excel spreadsheet, documents on the water auditor and evaluation by the provider of subsidies for water audit processing – the ministry).

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: Objectives of water audit 1. 2. 3.

Evaluation of the current state of water management in an industrial enterprise Find potential water savings and reduce the risks of water scarcity impacts Proposal of real measures (= basis for investment plan, framework study)

: Beneﬁts for industrial enterprises The main purpose of the water audit is to obtain complete, independent aggregated information on water management in the company for the last 3 years and to propose potential savings and real (data) documents for the investment plan for business development in relation to sustainable water

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management. However, the implementation of water audits is also supported by two tools from the ministries of the Czech Republic: Ministry of Industry and Trade - a company with a prepared water audit will be given an advantage when evaluating the application for investment subsidies for implementation from the prepared Operational Program Technology and Applications for Competitiveness (OP-TAK) for the period 2021-2027 (under the responsibility of the ministry). Ministry of the Environment - a company with a prepared water audit will have the opportunity to apply for the automatic award of the so-called Mark of Responsible Water Management (under the responsibility of the Ministry of the Environment).

: Financing The purpose of water audit corresponds to the national priority objectives of the Czech Republic to contribute to the develop-

ment of business activities, support for the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and responses to climate change. As a result, it is possible to apply for funding from the just-ending program of the Ministry of Industry and Trade OP-PIK, II. Call - Advice (advisory services) for SMEs. The subsidy for the preparation of the water audit is 50% of the eligible expenses and the announcement of the call is planned for December 2020. The total allocation of the call is CZK 130 million and the maximum amount of costs for the implementation of the water audit is CZK 1 million. Completion of applications is planned for April 2021. However, the lifetime of the methodology is independent of the grant call and its concept guarantees applicability at least for the entire new programming period of the ministry OP-TAK until 2027 and provided in consultation with the Agency for Enterprise and Innovation (API).

: Overlap into towns and villages water management The water audit methodology, the certiﬁcation of which is ensured by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, is in some areas of

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water resources management also applicable in the assessment of water management of cities and municipalities and public, i.e., not only industrial, premises and institutions (typically schools, public service centres, etc.). The water audit holistically emphasizes the need for the collection, evaluation and use of water management data (data-driven development of the company‘s water management), in full accordance with the theses of the Ministry of regional development methodology Concept of Smart Cities (2015), its annex Smart water management in cities (2019). Most key proposals for innovation activities at the enterprise level will be the digitization of water management infrastructure (the company‘s digital twin), the aggregation of data items and the passport of water management assets in digital form (BIM). As the water management of industrial enterprises is often dependent on the supply of drinking water from a public (i.e., urban) water source, coordination of ensuring sufficient water resources for both these organisms (enterprise and city) is essential and offers, for example, the use of accumulation / absorption capacities of the city / enterprise to synergetic projects. A typical example could be the use of private areas of the company‘s roofs to capture and accumulate rainwater and its use to cool or reduce the dustiness of access roads.

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Digitization of local governments DATA-DRIVEN ADMINISTRATION AND DIGITAL URBAN PLANNING - DIGITIZATION PROJECTS FOR THE MUNICIPALITIES OF LOZORNO AND SVIDNÍK

Digitization of local governments is a key element of European strategies Digital Europe or Green Deal. As the introduction of innovations requires appropriate project preparation, the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic supported the project Sharing know-how between representatives of Slovak and Czech companies in the field of urban innovation and tools (smart city) within the Project Scheme to Support Economic Diplomacy. The aim of the project is to support the cooperation of the CZECH. UP association and the Slovak partner WANART and to prepare innovative projects for selected Slovak municipalities Lozorno and Svidník for subsequent submission to one of the supporting financial mechanisms of the EU or national sources. The purpose of the projects is to prepare municipalities for the use of digital tools for more efficient management, effective response to threats, support for innovation and the digital economy, and the ability to prepare investment projects of municipalities, co-financed from EU resources. Two municipalities were selected for the economic cooperation project, specifically in the west and east of Slovakia, which could serve as examples of good practice for neighbouring municipalities and thus become natural „demonstrators“ (i.e., examples of possible municipal approach to digitization). The project also builds on the long-term holistic (multi-field) cooperation of experts within the CZECH.UP association, which deals with these activities at the national level and which is the main researcher of the project.

: Expected result The resulting projects are proposed as initial, i.e., they are a prelude to further investments of municipalities in their development.

Therefore, they focus on obtaining all available data about the municipality and their conversion into digital form, in one data register and on one data portal (future part of the municipality‘s website), supplemented by sensors systems, with training of relevant staff or communication with the public. The aim of the projects is to collect data on the state and development of the city into one data tool for the purposes of city planning in the context of climate change, sustainable mobility, and the Green Deal.

: Project for Svidník Town Svidník with 11 thousand inhabitants is in Eastern Slovakia in the northern part of the Low Beskydy Mountains about 35 km east of Bardejov, in the Prešov region, on the main route to Poland (Dukla Pass), 130 km from Rzeszów, Poland. There is a strong Ruthenian community and the largest employer is a local hospital. Half of the city‘s expenditure goes to education, culture, and sports. The city has already introduced some digital tools or tools to increase the transparency and openness of the city, such as participatory budgeting, portal for life situations, electronic submission of complaints through the mobile application “My city virtually” or transparent expenses and city contracts available at https://svidnik.digitalnemesto.sk. „We welcomed the offer of expert assistance with the preparation of a project that would help our city find its way around the current possibilities of digital tools for more efficient city management and propose the necessary investments for future co-financing from European or other sources,“ said Marcela Ivančová, the Mayor of Svidník. „We would like to address some of the challenges facing the city, such as waste management, a moni-

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toring system for the lonely seniors, public lighting, a lack of parking spaces, and the construction of cycle paths. Svidník is a green and citizen-friendly city and we support openness and social responsibility, even in relation to climatic conditions. This year we also introduced the collection of biodegradable municipal waste and we managed to sort 47 tons. Next year, we plan to invest, among other things, 55 thousand EUR into the project documentation of cycle paths„.

: Sensors network of the Internet of Things The project proposal thus focused on data-driven management of agendas that the municipality is currently dealing with, as well as those whose property it owns.

Mayor of the city Svidník Marcela Ivančová

„In the energy sector, it is necessary to monitor energy consumption in public buildings and set ideal models, and in waste management to obtain data for analysis and its streamlining,“ said the mayor. „For the right decision, the city needs to map how it is realistic, for example, how many vehicles are looking for parking or what energy consumption we could produce ourselves.“

Map with the design of the sensor network, measuring various quantities, and with the design of two potential local distribution areas

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Illustration of the results of the traffic load sensor network

The project thus focuses on the preparation of an investment in a sensory network of the Internet of Things monitoring the trafﬁc load and parking in the village, the movement of cyclists, the microclimate and energy consumption. It also suggests sites for the convenient location of plastic waste treatment facilities.

: Transport and parking When planning the construction of transport infrastructure, e.g., parking areas, it is appropriate for a successful strategy to obtain data from long-term measurement of traffic load. Therefore, the proposal considers both the sensory elements of simple traffic counting and the sensors categorizing vehicles for cars, vans, and trucks with the measurement of their speed. The measurement was designed for complete entry and exit from the city and parking in its central part. The network is complemented by monitoring of pedestrians and cyclists on both bridges and the footbridge over the river Ladomírka.

: Microclimate measurement According to the climatic atlas of Slovakia, the Svidník district is the place with the largest number of storms and with a high number of rainy days. The project thus aims to measure the

microclimate to reﬁne this information, especially regarding possible investments in photovoltaics or wind energy, but also long-term measurement of climate change and the impact of built-up areas on the quality of the environment.

: Svidník Local distribution area (LDA) Two localities were proposed for the town of Svidník for the establishment of a local distribution area. The first location is the area around the city centre where a lot of municipal building can be interconnected within one network. The second location is located on the other bank of the river and is designed for energy interconnection of places with significant consumption, i.e. schools, sports grounds or industrial buildings, and the use of built-up areas such as residential houses, garages or parking areas (e.g. bus station). The planned project aims to carry out the passport of the affected buildings, design their efficient interconnection, deploy netmetering (i.e. collection of dynamic data on consumption), tackle related reconstruction of public lighting and more. Regarding the sensory network, it is also a matter of using the measurement of the real intensity of solar exposure and possible confirmation / correction of data from the solar atlas.

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Average hourly solar gain proﬁles

: Exposure intensity According to the global solar atlas, the potential for solar proﬁt for the city of Svidník is 1311 kWh / m2 per year. This information must be veriﬁed by deploying a sensory system for measuring the intensity of exposure, which will be deployed at both proposed LDAs before the actual investment.

: The project consists of the following activities ACTIVITY 1: Collect existing (available) data on the streets of Lozorno / Svidník into one database and create the portal „Moje Lozorno / Můj Svidník“ (illustrative names), where citizens will be able to ﬁnd out information about their street and compare it with other streets. The data will come from state registers, city registers, mobile applications, and surveys ACTIVITY 2: Deployment of sensor networks in selected places in Lozorno / Svidník for the purposes of the urban plan, transport and parking, microclimate, and energy. This involves the deployment of an IoT network for the collection of data on

traffic load, temperature and humidity, water level, energy consumption, wind intensity, etc. for the creation of development scenarios of the municipality and discussion with citizens. ACTIVITY 3: Creation of a SW tool for the work of officials / politicians over the obtained data in order to show new possibilities of technological and data support for holistic, more efficient and wiser local government decision-making, facilitate the work of officials ACTIVITY 4: Creation of scenarios for the development of individual localities of the city by a multidisciplinary team of experts and officials concerned on the basis of strategic documents, available data (Activity 1) and data from sensor networks (Activity 2) using SW tools (Activity 3), their discussion by political representatives scenarios for communicating with citizens. This activity also includes the preparation of investments in the LDA. ACTIVITY 5: Marketing and communication campaign with the citizens of Lozorno / Svidník connected with 2 workshops, participatory discussion of selected scenarios and preparation of investment plans

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The agreement between the local government and the investor will speed up the construction and civic amenities. The principles for construction are needed THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES IS OFTEN AN AREA THAT CAUSES SEVERAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN MUNICIPALITY AND THE INVESTOR, AS WELL AS BETWEEN MUNICIPALITY AND THE PUBLIC. MUNICIPALITIES OFTEN APPROACH COOPERATION WITH A DEVELOPER WHO COMES TO A TOWN OR A VILLAGE WITH A NEW CONSTRUCTION PLAN WITH SUSPICION. HOWEVER, THEIR MUTUAL RELATIONSHIP CAN BE PREPARED IN ADVANCE THROUGH THE PRINCIPLES FOR CONSTRUCTION SO THAT QUALITY PLACES FOR LIFE ARE CREATED IN THE VILLAGE AND AT THE SAME TIME THE NEWCOMERS AND EXISTING RESIDENTS COULD PROFIT FROM IT.

The document, in which the municipality places conditions for the possible construction of developers and at the same time undertakes to meet the deadlines, is currently being prepared, for example, by the city of Jihlava, which can thus become the ﬁrst statutory city using the principles. „During the preparation, we tried to depoliticize them and consult them with all experts to serve transparency and bring clarity to each other independently of politics. Only in this way it is possible to secure a clear and long-lasting agreement, „said Vít Zeman, Deputy Mayor of Jihlava. At the same time, they are also working on the principles for construction in Prague and Brno. At the same time, municipalities have been gaining experience with a transparent and timely agreement with investors for a long time. More often there is the conclusion of so-called develop-

ment contracts, which are voluntary, and where both parties can clarify in advance some controversial points of construction. The construction principles take this agreement to a higher level and help restore trust in the developer-municipality relationship but will also facilitate the presentation of a specific plan to the public. It will clarify where and what construction can take place and ensure that the developer takes partial responsibility for sufficient civic amenities for new projects. For several years now, for example, Prague 7 has been contracting with investors. ”We have been concluding agreements with those who build in Prague 7 on financial participation in the development of the city district. The amount of CZK 500 per m2 of newly built flats and other areas is transparently secured by a contract published in the register of contracts and is used

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environment, about the setting of generally valid quality parameters. The existing spatial planning tools are insufficient. Spatial plans try to merge the incompatible - the concept and the basis for decision-making. As a result, their detail and opacity are pointlessly overexposed for the first purpose, and desperately insufficient for the second, „he commented. According to the architect, the principles after construction are a suitable way to ensure the development of the village and suffi cient civic amenities for new and existing residents. „In the current setting of the budget determination of taxes, it is not in the power of cities to prepare conditions for construction, define new buildable areas in their cadastre, build transport, technical and civic infrastructure from the city budget and provide it free of charge to incoming private developers. The rules for cooperation with developers thus reflect the laws of linking land use with economic aspects, which have not yet been reflected in our post-socialist spatial planning, „he pointed out.

Jihlava deputy mayor Vít Zeman

primarily to secure new places in schools and kindergartens, improve public spaces and areas for recreation, „describes the deputy mayor of Prague 7 and urban planner Lenka Burger. According to her, this is precisely a document in which both parties - i.e., the municipality and investors - undertake not to deteriorate the services provided by the city district for the existing inhabitants due to the new construction. „Investors generally have no problem with such transparent support for the quality of the area where they build,“ she adds. According to the architect Stašek Žerava, the current situation can no longer be solved by the rules or tools of current spatial planning. „In the development of cities, it is not just about the speed of the permit, but above all about the quality of the built

The use of construction principles will make it easier for local governments to prepare projects, which can currently take several years. „Upon entering the territory, it will be clear to potential investors what is realistic to negotiate in the municipality and what they will commit to in return. The municipality is also committed to meeting the agreed deadlines,” explained lawyer Jiří Nezhyba from the Frank Bold Advokáti office, which is currently working on the principles for Jihlava. The situation is also related to the preparation of a draft of a new building law, which is currently being worked on by the Ministry of Regional Development. It should also contain a more detailed adjustment of planning contracts. „We perceive planning contracts as very necessary for the further development of not only larger cities, where the pressure for changes in the territory is much greater. These principles can be the ﬁrst step in this effort, i.e., to speed up and make permitting processes more transparent, „said Roman Vodný, Director of the Spatial Planning Department of the Ministry of Regional Development.

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Articles inside

The local government and the investor

Smart switchboard for public lighting

RETROFIT commercial building for intelligent wiring

Digitization of local governments

Smart Mobility for Smart Cities

Water audit

The area of the size of the regional hospital as a semi-LDA

Community energy within reach

Smart measurement of water and heat consumption

Digital Twin in Wastewater Treatment

Hydrogen city

city : distribution E.ON Smartgrid housing construction

H2BASE – hydrogen part for smart city puzzle

Plastic waste

Digital twin of heating plant

Hydrogen in the new market need

Czechpoin

IoT register

Energy savings

What city energy manager needs to know and to have

Bristol – British energy innovations leader

Citizens power plants in Vienna

CZECH GREEN DEAL for municipalities

New Generation Energy

A joint project of the Prague 19 district (Kbely