RAMBLES VERDES EUROPAN 12 - BARCELONA FIRST PRIZE WINNER
Authors Eduard Balcells, Honorata Grzesikowska – architects and urban designers, Balbina Mateo, Valentin Kokudev, Andrés Lupiáñez, Marcos Ruiz de Clavijo – architects Collaborators Joan Gallego, Cristina Aznar, Mike Swords - students in architecture, Ma Li - architect
RAMBLES VERDES Barcelona is historically structured by means of parallel and perpendicular axes to the sea. At the east of the city, the main perpendicular axes to the sea are the Besòs river, with its Fluvial Park, and the future Sagrera Linear Park. We propose to link these two metropolitan green axes with the major parks located close to the project’s site by means of “The Six Parks Promenade”, a pedestrian and slow mobility path. This route extends the main path of the Sagrera Linear Park and connects, as if it was a synapse, the major paths of the surrounding parks and the Collserola and Marina mountain ranges. This way, the park system at the east of the city is completed, and the sea and the mountains are linked through a network of metropolitan scale parks. Still at a metropolitan scale, we recognize the Nus de la Trinitat as a gateway to the city and as a crossroad where parallel and perpendicular axes to the sea meet. At this singular location we propose the construction of a tower which completes the sequences of tall buildings situated along the axes that intersect here, and which, furthermore, provides an urban character to the Santa Coloma Boulevard as it crosses the Sagrera Linear Park. Moreover, the parallel axes to the sea have the capacity of establishing transversal connections between the neighborhoods at the north of Besòs river, until now split by major infrastructures as the railways. The proposal strengthens these transversal
connections through an adaptation to the scale and speed of the pedestrian, a renaturalization of the public space, and an insertion of new programs in synergy with the present industrial uses. Finer grain transversal connections also appear that extend through the project site and beyond it: to the west, towards Sant Andreu neighborhood, by means of pedestrian paths through the Sagrera Linear Park; and to the east, towards Santa Coloma de Gramenet city, through the construction of three pedestrian bridges over the Besòs river. At the scale of the project’s site, we propose again to use the transversal connections as the clearest and most effective way of linking the adjacent neighborhoods of Sant Andreu and Bon Pastor. These connections materialize into a system of public spaces, the “Rambles Verdes” (Green Ramblas), that cross the site along the lines of maximum slope. These ramblas reintroduce the original meaning of rambla as “riera”(the typical dry river along the Mediterranean coast), and with it, its strategic role in the management of the water cycle and the climate. Thus, rainwater can infiltrate and wastewater can be cleaned in the filtration gardens. Between these ramblas, bands of buildable space will absorb, through time, the different programs, building typologies, inhabitants and ways of life. In addition, the “Rambles Verdes” are conceived as the most important social focus, allowing for a new vibrant neighborhood to come alive.
SYNTHESIS OF THE PROJECT’S STRATEGIES 11
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Proposed New neighborhood of Rambles Verdes The Six Parks Promenade New pedestrian bridges over Besòs river New Trinitat Tower New transversal connections E x is t ing Nus de la Trinitat Park Sagrera Linear Park Can Zam Park Serra de Collserola Natural Park Serra de Marina Natural Park Besòs River Park Serra de Marina Viewpoint Collserola Gate nº13 Sant Andreu historical core Badalona historical core Barcelona historical core Gràcia neighborhood
THE PARK SYSTEM THROUGH THE URBAN HISTORY OF BARCELONA THE TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIONS
CERDÀ PLAN 1859 Ildefons Cerdà
LINKS PLAN 1905 Léon Jaussely
PARK SYSTEM 1920 Nicolau Mª Rubió i Tudurí & Jean-Claude-Nicolas Forestier
MACIÀ PLAN “NOVA BARCELONA” 1934 G.A.T.C.P.A.C. & Le Corbusier
BARCELONA GENERAL METROPOLITAN PLAN 1974 Barcelona municipality (J.A. Solans)
PRESENT AND NEAR FUTURE 2020 Barcelona municipality
THE E METROPOLITA AN SCALE PARK SYSTEM
1 2 15
3 17
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7
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4 5
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16
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Europan 12 site
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5km
PARKS 1. Serra del Garraf Natural Park 2. Serra de Collserola Natural Park 3. Serra de Marina Natural Park 4. Besòs River Fluvial Park 5. Sagrera Linear Park 6. Nus de la Trinitat Park 7. Can Zam Park 8. Tres Turons Park 9. Turó de la Peira Park 10. Llobregat River 11. Llobregat Delta Natural Reserve 12. Montjuïc Mountain 13. Barcelona and Badalona Beaches 14. Ciutadella Park OTHERS 15. Passeig de les Aigües 16. Ciutat Vella 17. Ronda de Dalt 18. Ronda Litoral 19. Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes 20. Eixample Cerdà
THE PARKS SYSTEM AT THE EAST OF BARCE ELON NA THE SIX PA ARKS PROMENADE
6 5
A B
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2 D
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THE SIX PARKS PROMENADE Europan 12 site PARKS 1. Sagrera Linear Park 2. Nus de la Trinitat Park 3. Besòs River Fluvial Park 4. Can Zam Park 5. Serra de Marina Natural Park 6. Sierra de Collserola Natural Park OTHERS A. Passeig de les Aigües B. Serra de Marina main path C. Besòs River Fluvial Park main path D. Sagrera Linear Park main path E. Collserola Gate nº13
THE SIX PARKS PROMENADE UNFOLDED ELEVATION AND PLAN Viewpoint from Serra de Marina Natural Park
SERRA DE COLLSEROLA NATURAL PARK
Passeig de les Aigües Promenade
SAGRERA LINEAR PARK
27m
Trinitat Santa B-20 Tower Coloma Ronda Blvd. de Dalt 27m
3.5%
32m
24.5m 26m
PHASE 1 Sagrera Linear ParkNus de la Trinitat Park
NUS DE LA TRINITAT PARK
1.2%
30m
B-20 B-20 Ronda Ronda de Dalt de Dalt 2.4%
33.6m 3.8%
Trinitat Vella neighborhood
31m
3.1%
SERRA DE COLLSEROLA NATURAL PARK 34m
C-58
2.7%
BESÒS RIVER FLUVIAL PARK
39.8m 19m
32.7m 33.8m
22.8m 27.6m
5%
15m
24.1m
20m
PHASE 3 Trinitat Vella neighborhood Can Zam Park (Santa Coloma de Gramenet city)
PHASE 2 Nus de la Trinitat Trinitat Vella neighborhood
SERRA DE COLLSEROLA NATURAL PARK
SERRA DE MARINA NATURAL PARK
CAN ZAM PARK
Passeig de les Aigües Promenade
COLLSEROLA GATE Nº 13
0
50
Viewpoint from Serra de Marina Natural Park SERRA DE MARINA NATURAL PARK
PHASE 3 PHASE 2 CAN ZAM PARK NUS DE LA TRINITAT PARK
PHASE 1 BESÒS FLUVIAL PARK SAGRERA LINEAR PARK
THE SIX PARKS PROMENADE Europan 12 site 0
200
400m
100m
THE SIX PARKS PROMENADE VIEW OF BARCELONA FROM THE SERRA DE MARINA NATURAL PARK VIEWPOINT
Pallaresa Avenue
Cubic Towers
Rambla of Santa Coloma
Santa Coloma de Gramenet City
Besòs River Fluvial Park
Ronda de Dalt
Can Zam Park
RAMBLES VERDES NEW NEIGHBORHOOD
Railway Triangle Tower
Sagrera Linear Park
Agbar Tower
THE SIX New PARKS Trinitat PROME- Tower NADE
Nus de la Trinitat Park
Trinitat Vella neighborhood
Heron City Tower
Ronda del Mig
Tres Turons Park Turons
Via Júlia Tower
Ronda de Dalt
Passeig de les Aigües
Collserola Gate nº13
THE TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE NEIGHBORHOODS NEW PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES OVER THE BES SÒS RIVER
A
B
C
NEW PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES Europan 12 site DISTRICTS A. Trinitat Nova B. Sant Andreu C. Baró de Viver
THE E METROPOLITAN SCALE THE E TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIO ONS AND THE PUBLIC SPACES SYSTEM
Europan 12 site
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2km
THE COMPLETION OF THE TOWER SEQUENCES THE TRINITAT TOWER
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NEW TRINITAT TOWER Europan 12 site
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TOWER SEQUENCES 1. Vela Hotel 2. Gas Natural Tower 3. Agbar Tower 4. Sagrera High Speed Train Station Towers 5. Railroad triangle Tower 6. Cubic Towers 7. Via Julia Towers 8. Canyelles Towers 9. Heron City Tower 10. Besòs River Towers 11. Besòs Thermal Central Towers 12. Montbau Towers
THE NEIGHBORHOODS AT THE NORTH OF BESÒS RIVER TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIONS: FROM BORDER TO SEAM
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B
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NEW PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES AND TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIONS Europan 12 site NEIGHBORHOODS A. Trinitat Nova B. Trinitat Vella C. Sant Andreu D. Baró de Viver E. Bon Pastor F. Santa Coloma de Gramenet
THE NEIGHBORHOODS AT THE NORTH OF BESÒS RIVER THE TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIONS AND THE PUBLIC SPACES SYSTEM
Europan 12 site
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200
500
1000m
THE NEIGHBORHOODS AT THE NORTH OF BESÒS RIVER A TAPESTRY OF URBAN TISSUES, ALSO ON THE PROJECT’S SITE
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1 ROW ARTISAN’S HOUSE IN SANT ANDREU, S. XVIII
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BON PASTOR INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOOD, 1900’s warehouses and offices
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2 CASES BARATES in Bon Pastor neighborhood, 1929 Patronat Municipal de l’Habitatge
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TOWERS IN THE PARK in Bon Pastor neighborhood, 1960’s
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6 3 CASA BLOC in Sant Andreu neighborhood, 1932-36 J.Ll. Sert, J. Torres Clavé, J.B. Subirana
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4 TYPICAL CITY EXTENSION closed or semi closed block
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CASERNES DE SANT ANDREU Masterplan, 2004, Manuel de Solà-Morales
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8 RAMBLES VERDES, 2013 Europan 12 New adaptable neighborhood in Baró de Viver
Europan 12 site
Nus de la Trinitat Park
THE SITE SCALE TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIONS AND THE NEW RAMBLES VERDES NEIGHBORHOOD New Trinitat Tower
Start of THE SIX PARKS PROMENADE
Sant Andreu neighborhood Rec Comtal Gardens
Sagrera Linear Park
Baró de Viver neighborhood
Rambles Verdes new neighborhood Bon Pastor Industrial neighborhood New pedestrian bridge over Besòs river
“La Maquinista” Commercial Center
Successive opening of the Bon Pastor blocks by means of the extension of existing passageways
Besòs River Fluvial Park
NEW PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES OVER BESÒS RIVER AND NEW TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIONS Europan 12 site
Library Students residence
+ 30m
Nus de la Trinitat Park
Sports hall
THE SITE SCALE TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIONS AND THE NEW RAMBLES VERDES NEIGHBORHOOD + 24.8m
Nueva Torre de la Trinitat
Dr. Puigvert Secondary school
San
ta C olo
ma
Bou
leva
rd
Primary school Ronda de Dalt
Jardí de les Aigües Garden
+ 21.8m
+ 32m
Casernes de Sant Andreu Masterplan (M. de Solà-Morales)
Starting point of THE SIX PARKS PROMENADE
Guardería Pública
+ 23.7m
metro stop access improvement
Sagrera Park access pavilion
+ 27m Civic Center
metro stop “Baró de Viver”
+ 24.4m
Rec Comtal gardens Archeological remains
+ 24.5m
Sagrera Linear Park
”B ar
ód e
Vive
+ 27.2m
r Sq ua
re
Ronda
n
re d
t
Bor
ee
Besòs
rra
Str
oy
l
Fe
n Ju
à St re e
t
Litora
Voids over the railway tracks
park ac cess
“E l Sa lón
+ 17.2m
Fluvial
Health Center
+ 20.5m
“L’Esperança” School
+ 24.7m Sports areas Public School Baró de Viver New Market Baró de Viver Civic Center
Parque llineal de la Sagrera
+ 17.5m
“La Losa” Baró de Viver neighborhood main public space
New Square
New Civic Center Rambles Verdes new neighborhood
Tucum
án Stre et New p edest ri
Bon Pastor Industrial neighborhood
an bri dge
over B esòs
river
ut
at
d’
As
un
ció
n
St
re
et
+ 23.1m
Ci
Void over the railway tracks
Po
“La Maquinista” Commercial Center
to
sí
St
re
et
Besòs River Fluvial Park
Successive opening of the Bon Pastor blocks by means of the extension of existing passageways
New public facility
+ 15.8m
Ronda Litoral
Po
to
sí
St
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et
0
25
50
150
200m
RAMBLES VERDES (GREEN RAMBLAS) OPEN RULES FOR AN ADAPTABLE NEIGHBORHOOD existing platan trees green ramblas
Sagrera Linear Park
gr
pocket parks
ee n ra m bl as
INFILTRATION OF THE SAGRERA LINEAR PARK
existing tree-planted boulevard
DIVERSITY OF PUBLIC PACES
SELF SUFFICIENCY IN THE WATER CYCLE
SOCIAL SYNERGIES
service access
PEDESTRIAN SUPRA BLOCK
PERIMETRAL CAR ACCESSIBILITY
THE BUILT BANDS AND THE LATERAL PERMEABILITY
MIXED PROGRAM AND TYPOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF DOUBLE ORIENTATION TYPOLOGIES
NO DWELLING ORIENTED TO NORTH ONLY
SPECIFIC TREATMENT OF FAÇADES ACCORDING TO ORIENTATION
ENERGETIC SELF SUFFICIENCY
THE RAMBLES VERDES (GREEN RAMBLAS) THE SELF SUFFICIENCY IN THE WATER CYCLE
buildings
1
5
2
10
pedestrian areas
9 6
rieres (dry rivers) water gardens (waste water cleaning) 3
7
4
aljubs (water storage) 8
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Green roofs with microhabitats Rain water reservoir Water gardens (waste water cleaning) Aljub (cleaned water reservoir) Grey waters Runoff water watering trees before entering the rieras Rieras (dry rivers) where runoff water infiltrates “Atlantis� type reservoirs where infiltrated water is stored Runoff water falls on pavement and runs towards the rieras Runoff water infiltrates through permeable pavements
THE LANDSCAPE OF SUN AND SHADOW
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GREEN RAMBLAS THE SUN AND SHADOW PLANTS AND TREES
5 1 Pino blanco Pinus halepensis
1
GREEN AREAS 1. Water gadens (waste water cleaning) - macrophites ponds using the Seidel method; ludic ponds with waterlilies, frogs, fishes, ducks, etc. 2. Rieras (runoff water infiltration and storage) 3. Green roofs with microhabitats 4. Hanging gardens 5. Green walls and façades 6. New trees 7. Preserved trees (all mature trees on site are preserved) 8. Private patios and gardens 9. Productive gardens on roofs
Fresno Fraxinus angustifolia
Plátano del Cáucaso
Fresno
Almez
Platanus platanor
Fraxinus angustifolia
Celits australis
Carpe
Chopo piramidal
Chopo lombardo
Chopo blanco
Carpinus betulus
Populus alba Pyramidalis
Populus nigra Italica
Populus alba
Peral de flor Pyrus calleryana
Abelia Abelia grandiflora
Eleagno Elaegnus ebbingei
Escalonia Escallonia rubra
Pittosporum Pittosporum tobira Nana
Pistacea Pistacea lentiscus
Calta Caltha palustris
nandina Nandina domestica
Azuzón Senecio longifolius (jardín de filtración)
Enea Thypha latifolia (jardín de filtración)
Sauce cabruno
Tipuana
Jacaranda
Salix caprea
Tipuana tipu
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Salvia
Salvia amarilla
Salvia officinalis
Phlomis fruticosa
Lavanda
Acanto Acanthus mollis
Gaura
Lavandula dentata Gaura lindheimeri
Valeriana roja Centranthus ruber Lirio amarillo Iris pseudacorus (jardín de filtración)
Carrizo Phragmites australis (jardín de filtración)
A MIXED USE PROGRAM
5 3
1 3
2 1
6 10
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11
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4
6
9
5 1 1
EUROPAN 12 BRIEF
PROJECT
1. Free market housing 2. Social housing
23.660m2 10.140m2
23.496m2 10.280m2
Total surface
33.800m2
33.776m2
3
8
6
4
NEW HOUSING
2 6 6 PUBLIC FACILITIES DAY CAR CENTER AND ELDERLY RESIDENCE
NEW SUBSIDIZED HOUSING 10.780m2 11.120m2
3. Housing for young adults 4. Housing for the elderly
FREE MARKET HOUSING
Total surface
22.000m2
21.900m2
SERVICE SECTOR
COMMERCIAL
Total surface
OFFICE
18.840m2 4.250m2
5. Offices 6. Commercial 23.000m2
PUBLIC FACILITIES
SOCIAL HOUSING
7. Residence 8. Day care center
10.000m2 3.000m2
9. Civic center 10. Market 11. Gym
HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY
23.090m2
HOUSING FOR YOUNG ADULTS
8.120m2 1.400m2 9.520m2 2.800m2 604m2 300m2
Total surface
13.000m2
13.224m2
TOTAL BUILT SURFACE
91.800m2
91.990m2
A TAPESTRY OF TYPOLOGIES
5. DOUBLE ORIENTED DWELLING housing for young adults 46 m2 8 storeys
4. DOUBLE ORIENTED DWELLING social housing 64 m2 5-8 storeys
6. DOUBLE ORIENTED DWELLING free market housing 87 m2 8-9 storeys
7. DOUBLE ORIENTED DWELLING free market housing 103 m2 4-7 storeys
8. DOUBLE ORIENTED DWELLING free market housing 103 m2 4-9 storeys
1. ROW HOUSES free market housing 104 m2 2 storeys
15 7
4
12
13
10
6
9. DOUBLE ORIENTED DWELLING housing for the elderly 39 m2 7 storeys
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5
3
2
12 9 14 8
5
3
2. PATIO HOUSES free market housing 78m2 2 storeys
10. DOUBLE ORIENTED DWELLING young adults housing 35 m2 5 storeys
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11. PATIO COLLECTIVE HOUSING social housing 51-75-100 m2 7 storeys 3. WORKSHOP HOUSE free market housing 129m2 2-4 storeys
13. RESIDENCE FOR THE ELDERLY public facility 23-33 m2 5-8 storeys
14. OFFICES IN LINEAR BLOCK service sector 150 m2 3-7 storeys
15. OFFICES IN TOWER service sector 50-185-270 m2 10 storeys
12. TOWER HOUSING social/young adults housing 58-65 m2 10 storeys
gardens, terraces, patios circulations service cores
THE PEDESTRIAN SUPRA BLOCK
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6 5
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7
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Pedestrian area Bicycle lane Green area Pedestrian area with car access Bus stop Bicing station (Barcelona public bicycle system) Vehicular transit Access to underground parking of La Maquinista Commercial Center The Six Parks Promenade
ENERGETIC SELF SUFFICIENCY AND SMART CITY STRATEGIES
4
3b 11
9 2
6 5 1
2
3a
3c
8
10b
7 10a PASSIVE STRATEGIES 1. Double orientation cross ventilation 2. Patio cross ventilation: chimney effect 3. Specific faรงade treatment according to orientation 3a. South 3b. East and West 3c. North: 4. Green roof for thermal inertia
ACTIVE STRATEGIES 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
LTSS (Long Term Seasonal Storage) ATES (Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage) Districlima (centralized neighborhood heat and cold production) Photovoltaic panels Solar panels for hot water production
SMART CITY STRATEGIES 10. Connectivity 10a. Fiber Optics Connection 10b. Free Wi-Fi in the public spaces (ramblas) 11. Real Time Data and IoE (Internet of Everything) gathering of real time data to monitor the climate, the energy expenditure, the free parking places, etc.
SOCIAL SYNERGIES
education commercial
Sagrera park access pavilion
offices
day care center and elderly residence
civic center market gym
rieres
skate park
school
indoors sport area
private gardens
hanging gardens
roof gardens
sports areas
pocket parks and sportsfields
patios
courtyards
urban farming
square with petanque fields
water square
civic center
terrace
social housing elderly housing young adults housing
RAMBLES VERDES NEIGHBORHOOD
RAMBLES VERDES NEIGHBORHOOD PERSPECTIVE SECTION AND PARTIAL PLAN
0
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20m
RAMBLES VERDES NEIGHBORHOOD THE MAIN RAMBLA
THE PUBLIC SPACES SYSTEM AT THE NORTH OF BESÒS Ò RIVER THE SIX PARKS PROMENADE
5
4 3 6 2
1 THE SIX PARKS PROMENADE
PARKS 1. Sagrera Linear Park 2. Nus de la Trinitat Park 3. Besòs River Fluvial Park 4. Can Zam Park 5. Serra de Marina Natural Park 6. Sierra de Collserola Natural Park Europan 12 site
THE TRANSVERSAL CONNECTIONS NEW PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES OVER BESÒS Ò RIVER, RAMBLES VERDES, PASSAGEWAYS EXTENSIONS
Europan 12 site
THE NEIGHBORHOODS AT THE NORTH OF BESÒS Ò RIVER AND THE NEW RAMBLES VERDES NEIGHBORHOOD
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3 1
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NEIGHBORHOODS 1. Rambles Verdes new neighborhood 2 Baró de Viver 3. Bon Pastor 4. Sant Andreu 5. Trinitat Vella 6. Casernes de Sant Andreu 7. Sant Coloma de Gramanet Europan 12 site
THE COMPLETION OF THE TOWERS SEQUENCES THE NEW TRINITAT TOWER
3
2
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TOWER SEQUENCES 1. New Trinitat Tower 2. Towers at Besòs River 3. Cubic Towers Europan 12 site
THE PUBLIC SPPACES SYSTEM, THE NEIGHBORHOODS AT THE NORTH OF BESÒS, AND THE NEW RAMBLES VERDES NEIGHBORHOOD