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ETHNOGRAPHIC
May 2015
ETHNOGRAPHIC
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Discover Differents Cultures
SPECIAL ISSUE
Women in a man’s World Traditions and lifestyle of women around the world through the eyes of the photographers Véronique Durruty and Mihaela Noroc
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WOMEN IN A MAN’S WORLD
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FACTS
Table of contents
GIRLS’ EDUCATION
Education keeps hunger away. Mothers’ education improves children’s nutrition Education is vital to eliminate malnutrition in the long term – especially education that empowers women.
8. INTERVIEW VERONIQUE DURRUTY BETWEEN THE SHADOWS
Véronique Durruty, french photographer and writer, explores the world driven by their feelings, always looking for new sensations through most of all photography
12. SURVEY
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WHAT IS «WOMEN’S WORK» ?
Whether it’s the work of keeping a home and raising a family, building and inspiring a community, or bringing home a wage from a daily job, the wide variety of work women do is worth celebrating.
PORTRAIT the atlas beauty of mihaela noroc The Romanian photographer Mihaela Noroc, chose
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to quite her job to travel around the world, in order to capture women from different origins. By taking those women in photo, her aim was to hihglight the beauty of their differences.
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ETHNOGRAPHIC by Emma Johnson
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EDITO
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or the record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic and social equality of the sexes. I decided that I was a feminist, and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminists. Apparently, I’m among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and anti-men. Unattractive, even. Why has the word become such an uncomfortable one? I am from Britain, and I think it
is right I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will affect my life. I think it is right that socially, I am afforded the same respect as men. Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and women should feel free to be strong. It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum, instead of two sets of opposing ideals. If we stop defining each other by what we are not, and start defining ourselves by who we are, we can all be freer. I want men to take up this mantle so that their daughters, sisters, and mothers can be free from prejudice,
but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too, reclaim those parts of themselves they abandoned, and in doing so, be a more true and complete version of themselves. I invite you to step forward, to be seen and to ask yourself, “If not me, who? If not now, when?�
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FACTS
GIRLS’ EDUCATION
By Liam Goldwin
Millions of girls around the world are still being denied an education
PRIMARY SCHOOL:
LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL:
• There are still 31 million girls of primary school age out of school. Of these 17 million are expected never to enter school. There are 4 million fewer boys than girls out of school • Three countries have over a million girls not in school: In Nigeria there are almost five and a half million,Pakistan, over three million, and in Ethiopia, over one million girls out of school.
• There are also 34 million female adolescents out of school, missing out on the chance to learn vital skills for work.
SKILLS:
• Slow education progress for children today will have lifelong effects: Almost a quarter of young women aged 15-24 today (116 million) in developing countries have never completed primary school and so lack skills for work. Young women make up 58% of those not comple ting primary school.
LITERACY:
• Two-thirds of the 774 million illiterate people in the world are female
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E
ducation keeps hunger away. Mothers’ education improves children’s nutrition. Education is vital to eliminate malnutrition in the long term – especially education that empowers women. Malnutrition is the underlying cause of more than a third of global child deaths. Educated mothers are more likely to ensure that their children receive the best nutrients to help them prevent or fight off ill health, know more about appropriate health and hygiene practices, and have more power in the home to make sure children’s nutrition needs are met. Education lessens early marriages and births. Education empowers women to overcome discrimination. Girls and young women who are educated have greater awareness of their rights, and greater confidence and freedom to make decisions that affect their lives, improve their
own and their children’s health and chances of survival, and boost their work prospects. One in eight girls is married by the age of 15 in subSaharan Africa and South and West Asia, and one in seven has given birth by the age of 17. Ensuring that girls stay in school is one of the most effective ways of averting child marriage and early births. Education is also a key factor in hastening the demographic transition to lower birth and mortality rates.
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Girls’ education has a huge impact on all of society Educated women are less likely to die in childbirth:
If all mothers completed primary education, maternal deaths would be reduced by two-thirds, saving 98,000 lives In sub-Saharan Africa, if all women completed primary education, maternal deaths would be reduced by 70%, saving almost 50,000 lives.
Educating girls can save millions of lives:
If all women had a primary education, there would be 15% fewer child deaths. If all women had a secondary education, child deaths would be cut in half, saving 3 million lives.
Mothers’ education improves child nutrition
If all women had a primary education, 1.7 million children would be saved from stunting from malnutrition. If all women had a secondary education, 12 million children would be saved from stunting from malnutrition
Girls with higher levels of education are less likely to have children at an early age 10% fewer girls would become pregnant under 17 years in sub-Saharan Africa and South and West Asia if they all had a primary education Almost 60% fewer girls would become pregnant under 17 years in sub-Saharan Africa and South and West Asia if they all had a secondary education.
Educating girls is a key factor in hastening the demographic transition to lower birth rates. In sub-Saharan Africa, women with no education have 6.7 births, on average. The figure falls to 5.8 for those with primary education and more than halves, to 3.9, for those with secondary education.
Girls with higher levels of education are less likely to get married at an early age If all girls had a primary education, there would be 14% fewer child marriages
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ETHNOGRAPHIC Education narrows pay gaps between men and women
In Pakistan, women with a primary education earn 51% what men earn. With a secondary education, they earn 70% what men earn In Jordan, women with a primary education earn 53% what men earn. With a secondary education, they earn 67% what men earn
Educated women are more likely to find work:
In Brazil, only 37% of women with less than primary education are in work. This rises to 50% if they
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INTERVIEW
véronique durruty
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Véronique Durruty, french photographer and writer, explores the world driven by their feelings, always looking for new sensations through most of all photography, but also movie, writing and drawing. Her work has been displayed in many places, such as London, New York and Tokyo.
ETHNOGRAPHIC: When did the adventure begin ? Véronique Durruty: It started twenty five years ago. Sometimes with my little daughter, I stride accross the roads. I met beautiful people, beautiful women, captured in a life sometimes inapropriate for such amazing souls.
EG: Can you tell us one of your great experience ? VD: I can’t choose just one story, they all diserve to be told, but I will tell you about the ones
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that completely change my mind. In the yurt of a mongolian woman, I ate a breakfast made of mutton jawbone, served hanged to the teeth, with the Mustang Women I’ve learned to prepare butter from yak (not as well as they do it, I am not such a brawny woman), in
ETHNOGRAPHIC
between the shadows
Kuwait, Hong Kong and in Sweden I’ve met woman re
search workers, who are inventing tomorrow’s world. I’ve lived in a whorehouse in Bangladesh, and in the african forest, a pygmy nomad built a hut with leaves for me, in just twenty minutes... my tent turned completely ridiculous after compared to this great and quite cosy accomodation. I think that my travel around the world trhough those women, is the most incredible travel I’ve made.
By Amy Watson
EG: And what was your first destination ? VD: Not so far from France, I’ve been to Belgium during
six months, where my father worked. I’ve started there to capture the life of women who lived near my place, like my concierge and the women from the shops of my neighborhood. Through my camera I realized how poetic those daily scenes could be. WWW.PHOTOSHELTER.COM
«Women’s book, Un monde de femmes. 25 ans de voyages et de rencontres» BEAUX LIVRES Photographie 220 x 280 mm - 288 pages 16 octobre 2014 9782732467177 35 €
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ETHNOGRAPHIC
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I’ve watched, listened and admired them. I’ve suffered with them but most of all laughed... Véronique Durruty
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SURVEY
What is «Women’s work»? By Howard Jenkins
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t is just anything you could think of.
Whether it’s the work of keeping a home and raising a family, building and inspiring a community, or bringing home a wage from a daily job, the wide variety of work women do is worth celebrating. Women are one of the largest growing forces in the global economy -- even though they are paid less than men worldwide. In 2011, the World Bank revealed that women make up 40 percent of the world’s labor force, but hold just 1 percent of the world’s wealth.
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DATA
The run-up to International Women’s Day on March 8 is the perfect occasion to recognize the working women of the world, whether they labor in an office or on a farm. From building wind turbines to harvesting bananas, fighting fires to rolling cigars, here are 39 images of working women all over the globe.
Women of Working Age
There were 127.1 million working age women (16 years of age and older, civilian non-institutional population) in the U.S. in 2013 – 72.7 million were in the labor force.1 Of the 127 million women of working age, 99.5 million were White, 16.6 million were Black or African American, 7.1 million were Asian, and 18.7 million were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.2,3
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Between 2012 and 2022 the number of women in the civilian labor force is expected to increase by 5.4 percent, compared to a 5.6 percent increase in the number of men.4 Although the number of women and men is expected to increase, overall labor force participation rates are expected to decline. Women are projected to represent 46.8 percent of labor force in 2022.5
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7 Facts About
Women
1 Every 90 seconds, a woman dies during pregnancy or child-
birth. Most of these deaths are preventable, but due to gender-based discrimination many women are not given the proper education or care they need.
2 Women make up 80% of all refugees and displaced people. Instruments of genocide such as sexual violence and rape are often directed at women and girls.
3 Women are usually not represented among decision-makers and military leaders, the usual participants in these processes.
4 As of January 2012, women held 15.1% of all presiding officer posts in governments the world. WWW.PHOTOSHELTER.COM
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ETHNOGRAPHIC
Around the World
By Joan Smith
5 More than 16.4 million women in the world have HIV/AIDS 6 Women account for 70% of the population living in absolute poverty (on less than $1.00 a day).
7 Over 60 million girls worldwide are child brides, married before
the age of 18.603 million women live in countries where domestic violence is not yet considered a crime. Sources
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PORTRAIT
The
Atlas Beauty
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ETHNOGRAPHIC
OF Mihaela Noroc
By Anna Basset
T
he Romanian photographer Mihaela Noroc, chose to quite her job to travel around the world, in order to capture women from different origins. By taking those women in photo, her aim was to hihglight the beatuty of their differences. She visits more than 35 countries. Beauty Around the World is her project that ideally combines her profession as a fashion and beauty photographer with her passion for travelling. She had been around the world for about 16 months, She intends to make photo shoots or take snapshots of beautiful women, either professional models or ordinary people. Through her photos she had also reveal the outfits, the makeup and other beauty attributes specific to each area she visited.
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Her desire is to show through her photos that this universal characteristic is both fascinating and diverse.
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They have white, brown, black skins, blue, green, brown , almond-shaped, little, big eyes. From mountains, plains, or sea...
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ETHNOGRAPHIC
... they are bresilian, tibetan, ethiopian, from different cultures, they speak different languages, but they are united for one thing: their beauty.
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HELP THEM TO KEEP THE SMILE.
unite for children 20