Open Culture by anthony cordingley

OPEN CULTURE

PHILARMONIE DE PARIS

This month: DANCE LANGUAGE CINEMA MUSIC

Paris May 2015 Issue 2 FREE

OPENCULTUREO

Edito

N°2

Dear Teachers, Parents, and all of you working with the futur citizenS of our world, This month Open Culture Team along with intern of MC2L master degree students work very hard to find special exhibition and events in Paris dealing with diffenrent aspect of culture in a multidisciplinary way. Different options to explore to get outdoors and learn differently. This month new theme and new discipline because which should encourage the curiosity of children. Let’s speak with our body, draw music on walls, celebrates cinema anniversary and turn off the music to open our eyes. The famous street artist , Bansky said: «A wall is a very big weapon. It’s one of the nastiest things you can hit someone with.» So lets break the walls and open all kind of culture to all. Enjoy your reading, enjoy your visits! Open Your Eyes, Open Your Doors, Open Culture!

Credits Photos: DANCE

@Bust the drip LANGUAGE @Goolgleimages & @camille debras CINEMA @Centquatre & @Grand Palais MUSIC @Philharmonie de Paris

Design & Layout: Laetitia Indesignpro

Articles: OP team and Mc2L best students

Super Ideas: Laetitia Daluz

EOPENCULTURE

Contents DANCE In&Out..Street art. ��5 LANGUAGE Up&Down..Gesture. ��9 CINEMA MoreorLess..120years. ��13 MUSIC On&Off..Boulez. ��19

In&Out

DANCE

Vibrations, sound, mouvement expressed through Bust the Drip movement of drawing and painting using dripping techning and paint spray for his collage on Paris Street. Exhibition at the Galerie Shop You Can Spray, Saint Ouen. April 1oth

e understand that tagging isn’t why people join our tours: usually, they’ve seen art by Banksy (and even watched the Banksy movie), they know Shepard Fairey and Obey Giant campaign (but generally as a fashion brand!). They probably know or have seen work from Paris’ most iconic street artist, Space Invader, and his mosaic pixel art. Some of our guests are also familiar with TED Prize winner, JR, and his photographic portraits on the separation wall in Israel-Palestine, the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, or his work in Cuba with Jose Parla. However, these artists represent a minority within the street art and graffiti movement. So, people come on our street art tours for a variety of reasons, but by and large, our guests

are interested in just that, publically valued street art (by this, we mean the uncommissioned stuff that isn’t ‘graffiti’). However, as much as the people who join our street art tours in Paris want just to see street art, and not look at tags, usually they come with very little a priori knowledge of street art, nor graffiti, and so, this is why we feel it’s so important that we give them some background on the street art movement, and not shrug off the graffiti tagging. Banksy may be as famous today as Andy Warhol, but he started out graffiti tagging. Also, we consider it impossible to discuss the current movement and tendencies without understanding how it came to be. Indeed, before the term ‘Street Art’ became widespread

rban art (from Latin urbanus, itself from urbs (“city”)) is a style of art that relates to cities and city life often done by artists who live in or have a passion for city life. In that way urban art combines street art and graffiti and is often used to summarize all visual art forms arising in urban areas, being inspired by urban architecture or thematizing urban live style. Because the urban arts are characterized by existing in the public space, they are often viewed as vandalism and destruction of private property. Even though sometimes this form of art leads to vandalism the creators do not see themselves as vandals. Although urban art started at the neighbourhood level, where a lot of people of different cultures live together, it is an international art form with an unlimited number of uses nowadays. A lot urban artists are travelling from city to city and have social contacts all over the world. The notion of ‘Urban Art’ developed from street art which is primarily concerned with graffiti culture. Urban art represents a broader cross section of artists that as well as covering traditional street artists working in formal gallery spaces also covers artists using more traditional media but with a subject matter that deals with contemporary urban culture and political issues.

Though starting as an underground movement, urban artists like Banksy and Adam Neate have now gained mainstream status and have, in turn, propelled the urban art scene into popular culture. Perceptions have started to change as urban movements such as graffiti slowly gain acceptance from the public. A confirmation of street art’s new mainstream status can be, in part, confirmed by an invitation from the Tate calling upon artists to create outdoor pieces on the Thames side of the gallery in the summer of 2008. Street art is visual art created in public locations, usually unsanctioned artwork executed outside of the context of traditional art venues. The term gained popularity during the graffiti art boom of the early 1980s and continues to be applied to subsequent incarnations. Stencil graffiti, wheatpasted poster art or sticker art, pop up art and street installation or sculpture are common forms of modern street art. Video projection, yarn bombing and Lock On sculpture became popularized at the turn of the 21st century. The terms «urban art», «guerrilla art», «post-graffiti» and «neo-graffiti» are also sometimes used when referring to artwork created in these contexts.Traditional spray-painted graffiti artwork itself is often included in this category, excluding territorial graffiti or pure vandalism.

ip hop culture (or hip-hop) is a cultural movement that formed during the 1970s among African American youths residing in the South Bronx in New York City.It is characterized by four distinct elements, all of which represent the different manifestations of the culture: rap music (oral), turntablism or «DJing» (aural), b-boying (physical) and graffiti art (visual). Even while it continues to develop globally in myriad styles, these four foundational elements provide coherence to hip hop culture. The term is often used in a restrictive fashion as synonymous only with the oral practice of rap music. The origin of the hip hop culture stems from the block parties of the Ghetto Brothers, when they plugged the amps for their instruments and speakers into the lampposts on 163rd Street and Prospect Avenue and used music to break down racial barriers, and from DJ Kool Herc at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, where Herc mixed samples of existing records with his own shouts to the crowd and dancers. Kool Herc is credited as the «father» of hip hop. DJ Afrika Bambaataa of the hip hop collective Zulu Nation outlined the pillars of hip hop culture, to which he coined the terms: MCing or «Emceein», DJing or «Deejayin», B-boying and graffiti writing or «Aerosol Writin». Since its evolution throughout the South Bronx,

hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the world.[13] Hip hop music first emerged with Kool Herc and contemporary disc jockeys and imitators creating rhythmic beats by looping breaks (small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern) on two turntables. This was later accompanied by «rap», a rhythmic style of chanting or poetry often presented in 16-bar measures or time frames, and beatboxing, a vocal technique mainly used to provide percussive elements of music and various technical effects of hip hop DJs.[citation needed] An original form of dancing and particular styles of dress arose among fans of this new music. These elements experienced considerable adaptation and development over the course of the history of the culture. Hip hop is simultaneously a new and old phenomenon; the importance of sampling to the art form means that much of the culture has revolved around the idea of updating classic recordings, attitudes, and experiences for modern audiences— called «flipping» within the culture. It follows in the footsteps of earlier American musical genres such as blues, salsa, jazz, and rock and roll in having become one of the most practiced genres of music in existence worldwide, and also takes additional inspiration regularly from soul music, funk,

S THE STREET S RT O CAN E ACR B OP

Do YOU want to look like THAT in front of your students?

DANGER OF ALCOHOL IN STUDENT LIFE SUPPORT NO ALCOHOL IN SCHOOL FONDATION DONATE AND REPORT any of your collegues wearing a crown in the middle of the day should be suspected of alcoholism or any addiction that could affect his behavior. Alcoholism, also known as alcohol dependence syndrome is a type of Alcohol Use Disorder, and a broad term for problems with ethanol (commonly referred to as alcohol), and generally refers to alcohol addiction, which is the compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the detriment of the drinkerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s health, personal relationships, and social standing. It is medically considered a disease, specifically an addictive illness. CALL NOW : 006-364-4678 [all this is a joke I love Mr Bob Coale]

Up&Down

LANGUAGE

Some reasons for linguists to study gestures Camille Debras, Paris Ouest Nanterre La Defense

Teaching English grammar and phonology (undergraduate level) PhD in English Linguistics, Sorbonne Nouvelle Dissertation title: Multimodal stance-taking in a videotaped corpus of discussions about environmental issues in British English (supervisor: A. Morgenstern)

esture is a form of non-verbal communication or non-vocal communication in which visible bodily actions communicate particular messages, either in place of, or in conjunction with, speech. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body. Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that does not communicate specific messages, such as purely expressive displays, proxemics, or displays of joint attention.Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with body language in addition to words when they speak. Gesture processing takes place in areas of the brain such as Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, which are used by speech and sign language. In fact, language is thought to have evol-

ved from manual gestures. The theory that language evolved from manual gestures, termed Gestural Theory, dates back to the work of 18th-century philosopher and priest Abbé de Condillac, and has been revived by contemporary anthropologist Gordon W. Hewes, in 1973, as part of a discussion on the origin of language understanding how it came to be. Indeed, before the term ‘Street Art’ became widespread during the 80’s, every piece in the streets was called graffiti. Although the scientific study of gesture is still in its infancy, some broad categories of gestures have been identified by researchers. The most familiar are the so-called emblems or quotable gestures. These are conventional, culture-specific gestures that can be used as replacement for words, such as the handwave used in the US for «hello» and «goodbye». A single emblematic gesture can have

Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and thoughts. 10

a very different significance. in different cultural contexts, ranging from complimentary to highly offensive.The page List of gestures discusses emblematic gestures made with one hand, two hands, hand and other body parts, and body and facial gestures. Another broad category of gestures comprises those gestures used spontaneously when we speak. These gestures are closely coordinated with speech. The so-called beat gestures are used in conjunction with speech and keep time with the rhythm of speech to emphasize certain words or phrases. These types of gestures are integrally connected to speech and thought processes. Other spontaneous gestures used during speech production known as iconic gestures are more full of content, and may echo, or elaborate, the meaning of the co-occurring speech. They depict aspects of spatial images, actions, people, or objects.For example, a gesture that depicts the act of throwing may be synchronous

On June 3, 2008, Barack Obama and his wife fist bumped on TV.

Fist bump between Hiro and Baymax in Big Hero 6

fist bump (also called knuckle touch, power five, dap, pound, fist pound, spudding, fo’ knucks, box, Bust,spuds, pound dogg, props, Bones, respect knuckles, bumping the rock, Brofist, Pound Cake, Sugar, Hooker fist, or knuckle crunching) is a gesture similar in meaning to a handshake or high five. A fist bump can also be a symbol of giving respect. It can be followed by various other hand and body gestures and may be part of a dap greeting. It is commonly used in baseball as a form of celebration with teammates, and with opposition players at the end of a game. A gesture in which two people bump their fists together (as in greeting or celebration) The gesture is performed when two participants each form a closed fist with one hand and then lightly tap the front of their fists together. The participant’s fists may be either vertically oriented (perpendicular to the ground) or horizontally oriented. Unlike the standard handshake, which is typically performed only with each participants’ right hand, a fist bump may be performed with participants using either hand. According to St. Louis Post-Dispatch columnist Bernie Miklasz, the recent recurrence of the fist bump was brought about by baseball player Stan Musial.Time magazine wonders if it evolved from the handshake and the high-five. They cite knuckle bumping in the 1970s with basketball player Baltimore Bullets guard Fred Carter.

Others claim the Wonder Twins, minor characters in the 1970s Hanna-Barbera superhero cartoon Super Friends, who touched knuckles and cried «Wonder Twin powers, activate!» were the originators.However, the «fist bump» or «pound» can easily be traced as far back as the late 1800s and early 1900s to the boxer’s handshake as a way to greet when hands are gloved. In fact, the fist bump’s origins may well lie in the animal kingdom as the gesture is natural behaviour observed in primates, according to a book published by Margaret Power in 1991. On June 3, 2008, Barack Obama and his wife Michelle Obama fist bumped during a televised presidential campaign speech in St. Paul, Minnesota, and the gesture became known as «the fist bump heard ‘round the world». Fox News host E. D. Hill paraphrased an anonymous internet comment in asking whether the gesture was a «terrorist fist jab»,after which her contract was not renewed. [relevant? – discuss] A medical study has found that fist bumps and high fives spread fewer germs than handshakes. In light of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the Dean of Medicine at the University of Calgary, Tom Feasby, suggested that the fist bump may be a «nice replacement of the handshake» in an effort to prevent transmission of the virus. A handshake is a short ritual in which two people grasp one of each other’s like hands.

Moreo

3 men, 2 celebrations, Laumiere! Invention of Cinema Exhibition 27 March 2015 to 14 June 2015 Grand Palais

orLess

CINEMA

, 1 anniversary,120 years! 120 year of cinema: Gaumont, since Cinema existed Exhibition 15 April 2015 to 5 August 2015 CENTQUATRE

120

and Auguste Lumière, presenting their five-year-old invention, thanks to which France was to dominate EXHIBITION world cinema until World War I. LUM Exhibition’s bow coincides with the date of the IER E B RO T Lumières’ first film shoot – March 19, 1895 – and HER CIN the first presentation of their invention in Paris on EM March 22 plus other Lumière shoots in Lyon, Paris AT OGR and La Ciotat. One key to the Lumières’ invention ON AP H was the first paid public screening of their films at the Salon Indien du Grand Café, now the basement breakfast room of the Hotel Scribe in Paris, which established cinema as mass theater-based entertainment, Fremaux argued at the presentation. The exhibition will replicate the Salon Indien, imagined by art director Jacques Grange, at the same time as, in a nod to the revolution that is now revising the habits of film viewership, 1,500 Lumière films will be offered for the first time in their entirety on iPads at the exhibition. Lumière! will also feature remakes of the Lumière’s first film, 1895’s “Employees Leaving the Lumière Factory,” shot over 2013-14 by Quentin Tarantino, Pedro Almodóvar, Michael Cimino, Paolo Sorrentino and Jerry Schatzberg. Exhibition will also feature large documentation, such as the Lumiére family’s archives, corresn the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the pondence, and graphic material. invention of the cinematograph, the Institut Lumière!’s will take in the 4K restoration of 200 Lumière has organised an unprecedented exhibition Lumière movies. dedicated to the flagship inventions of the Lyonbased pioneers of cinema, Louis and Auguste Lumière. Their story ties in closely with Paris, where they organised their first paid public screening in the Grand Café’s Salon Indien hall on 28 December, 1895. The Lumière brothers went on to screen their first large-format 75mm films at the Universal Exhibition of 1900, not far from the Grand Palais... Their rich, creative and ground-breaking work was inspired by their fascination for still or moving pictures. PARIS – Lyon’s Institut Lumière is teaming with France’s CNC film agency to organize Lumiere! Le Cinéma Inventé, a major Paris exhibition-restoration initiative marking the 120th anniversary of the invention of cinema – or at least cinema as we have known it over nearly all of the last 120 years. Not just a commemoration, however, Lumière! will attempt to deliver a corrective to the legend of two technical geniuses of little vision, ignoring the importance of their invention, and of little art. Presented Monday night in Paris by Thierry Fremaux – Institut Lumière director as well as Cannes Fest head – and CNC president Frederique Bredin – the Lumière! exhibition will run March 27 to June 14 at Paris’ Grand Palais, site of its 1900 Universal Exhibition, whose stars included Louis

I T N VE IN ARS YE

The Lumière brothers went on to screen their first large-format 75mm films at the Universal Exhibition of 1900, not far from the Grand Palais...

The company’s founder, Leon Gaumont, was a close friend of Auguste and Louis Lumière.

Cinema G

aumont, the world’s oldest film company is as old as the medium itself. The company’s founder, Leon Gaumont, was a close friend of Auguste and Louis Lumière and founded his company in Lyon in 1895 a few months after the brothers invented the cinematograph. As Gaumont currently expands its international activities, including production operations on both sides of the Atlantic, it also aims to maximize its brand image as a key player in world cinema. The company plans to celebrate its 120th anniversary next year in style, in synergy with other activities planned to mark cinema’s 120th anniversary. Over April-June 2015, Paris will host two major exhibitions: the “Lumière Exhibition” in the Grand Palais, organized by the Institut Lumière and curated by Thierry Fremaux, director of the Institut Lumière. The Lumiere Festival and head of the Cannes Festival); and a separate Gaumont 120th anniversary exhibition, followed by a touring exhibition in countries such as Italy and Spain. The Gaumont exhibition will be held in the art centre Le 104, in La Villette. It will include images, posters, film cameras, props, set design and other elements from the company’s private collection.

Gaumont is also planning a even stronger Gaumont’s library comprises over 900 titles and ranks as Gaul’s second biggest, after Studiocanal’s. It has been restoring key titles from its catalogue to maximize media interest and market potential. Recent examples include restoration of Louis Feuillade’s classic silent film, “Fantomas” and also the Louis Malle collection. Communications director, Ariane Toscan du Plantier explained that Gaumont restores seven films a month, making it one of the most active companies in film restoration in France, alongside Studiocanal and Pathé.To date, Gaumont has restored 290 films, 120 within the public support system specifically created for this purpose, the others via direct investment.The company now plans to take greater advantage of its restored titles, including direct theatrical distribution.“Until now, in the case of classic films, we’ve focused our attention on video, TV and digital, rather than theatrical,” explains Toscan du Plantier. “Now we aim to release around five-to-six classic titles per year.” The market for classic films is growing in France, including new venues such as the five-screen Les Fauvettes, which will open in Spring 2015 and abroad.

The Lumières’ first film shoot – March 19, 1895 – and the first presentation of their invention in Paris on March 22 plus other Lumière shoots in Lyon, Paris and La Ciotat.

Louis and Auguste design a camera which serves as both a recording device and a projecting device. They call it the Cinématographe.

1894

1895

The Lumières’ first film shoot – March 19, 1895 – and the first presentation of their invention in Paris on March 22 plus other Lumière shoots in Lyon, Paris and La Ciotat.

1895

Georges Méliès produces his magnificent «Voyage to the Moon», a fifteen minute epic fantasy parodying the writings of Jules Verne and HG Wells. The film used innovative special effect techniques and introduced colour to the screen through hand-painting and tinting.

1900

1902

1903

Gaumont logo. This daisy, now famous throughout the film industry, was invented by Léon Gaumont inspired by the first name of his mother, Margaret.

In 1900, Gaumont converted the Hippodrome into the Gaumont Palace—one of the first studios to have its own movie theaters.

On&Off

MUSIC

Pierre Boulez exhibition 17 March - 28 June 2015 The Museum of music celebrates the accomplished composer and conductor Pierre Boulezâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 90th year with an exhibition-event marking the importance of his work and his deep ties to the arts. A multidiscplinary exhibition, tours, concerts, workshops, discussions and more

Pierre Boulez’s artistic career is unparalleled: since 1945, he has taken on a myriad of roles as composer, chief conductor, founder of music institutions, teacher, and author of seminal texts.In 2015, the Philharmonie will be devoting an exhibition to Pierre Boulez to celebrate his ninetieth birthday as well as a series of concerts and this exceptional cycle delivered by major specialists of his oeuvre. When President Georges Pompidou asked Pierre Boulez to conceive and then direct an institute devoted to musical research, he therefore accepted and Ircam (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/ Musique) was established in 1977. But the “tool” was not just limited to instrument making. The concert hall is itself a means of transmission open to the needs of creation. The constitution of a repertoire also depends on the creation of a new type of instrumental formation: in 1976 the Ensemble

omposer, chief conductor, theorist, teacher and founder of institutions: the exhibition will present the myriad facets of Pierre Boulez’s career. The exhibition spans 60 years of musical, artistic, political and intellectual history. The exhibition brings together masterpieces of major twentieth-century artists: Paul Cézanne, Paul Klee, Nicolas de Staël, Alberto Giacometti, Francis Bacon, Piet Mondrian, André Masson… chosen for the special interest Pierre Boulez had for their work. Some of these works belong to private collections and have rarely been shown to the public. Visitors will have the opportunity to listen to a selection of musical works in specially selected spaces: the Second Sonata, Le Marteau sans maître, Pli selon pli, Rituel, sur Incises. Visitors will be able to enjoy a spatialised diffusion of Répons, created in collaboration with the Ircam.

intercontemporain was founded, bringing together 31 high-level soloists. Finally, transmission is also considered through the dialogue between sciences, architecture and philosophy. Appointed to the Collège de France in 1976, Boulez thus brought together his two activities as researcher and teacher. Developed in the studios of Ircam, Répons (1981–1984) is a work whose title refers to plainsong. This medieval form, in which a solo singer alternates with a choir, encapsulates some recurrent principles of composition in Pierre Boulez’s work: proliferation of a musical idea from a simple element, alternating between individual play and collective play, audio sources organized in multiple directions. Répons integrates both sounds produced by a computer and traditional instruments. The audience is seated around the instrumental ensemble and is itself surrounded by six loud-speakers that restore the sound real time.

Principles of composition in Pierre Boulezâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work: proliferation of a musical idea from a simple element, alternating between individual play and collective play, audio sources organized in multiple directions

OPEN CULTURE