The History Of The Christian Church Volume 1, Philip Shaff 1819-1893

Page 195

194

CHAPTER VII

ST. JOHN, AND THE LAST STADIUM OF THE APOSTOLIC PERIOD.

249 sqq.) leaves the question undecided, though inclining against the Johannean authorship. Sabatier, who had formerly defended the authenticity (in his Essai sur les sources de la vie de Jésus, 1866), follows the steps of Reuss, and comes to a negative conclusion (in his art. Jean in Lichtenberger’s “Encycl. des Sciences Relig.,” Tom. VII., Paris, 1880, pp. 173 sqq.). Weisse (1836), Schweizer (1841), Weizsäcker (1857, 1859, 1862, 1886), Hase (in his Geschichte Jesu, 1875, while in his earlier writings he had defended the genuineness), and Renan (1863, 1867, and 1879) admit genuine portions in the Fourth Gospel, but differ among themselves as to the extent. Some defend the genuineness of the discourses, but reject the miracles. Renan, on the contrary, favors the historical portions, but rejects the discourses of Christ, in a special discussion in the 13th ed. of his Vie de Jésus, pp. 477 sqq. He changed his view again in his L’église chrétienne, 1879, pp. 47 sqq. “Ce qui paraît le plus probable,” he says, “c’est qu’un disciple de l’apôtre, dépositaire de plusieurs de ses souvenirs, se crut autorisé à parler en son nom et à écrire, vingt-cinq ou trente ans aprés sa mort, ce que l’on regrettait qu’il n’eût pas lui-même fixé de son vivant.” He is disposed to ascribe the composition to the “Presbyter John” (whose very existence is doubtful) and to Aristion, two Ephesian disciples of John the Apostle. In characterizing the discourses in the Gospel of John he shows his utter incapacity of appreciating its spirit. Matthew Arnold (God and the Bible, p. 248) conjectures that the Ephesian presbyters composed the Gospel with the aid of materials furnished by John. It should be remarked that Baur and his followers, and Renan, while they reject the authenticity of the Fourth Gospel, strongly defend the Johannean origin of the Apocalypse, as one of the certain documents of the apostolic age. But Keim, by denying the whole tradition of John’s sojourn at Ephesus, destroys the foundation of Baur’s theory. b. The genuineness has been defended by the following writers: Jos. Priestley (Unitarian, against Evanson, 1793). Schleiermacher and his school, especially Lücke (1820 and 1840), Bleek (1846 and 1862), and De Wette (after some hesitation, 1837, 5th ed., by Brückner, 1863). Credner (1836); Neander (Leben Jesu, 1837) Tholuck (in Glaubwürdigkeit der evang. Geschichte, against Strauss, 1837); Andrews Norton (Unitarian, in Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels, 1837–1844, 3 vols., 2d ed. 1846, abridged ed., Boston, 1875); Ebrard (1845, against

Baur; again 1861, 1868, and 1880, in Herzog’s “Encykl.” Thiersch (1845, against Baur); Schneider (1854); Hengstenberg (1863); Astié, (1863); Hofstede de Groot (Basilides, 1863; Germ. transl. 1868); Van Oosterzee (against Scholten, Germ. ed. 1867; Engl. transl. by Hurst); Tischendorf (Wann wurden unsere Evangelien verfasst? 1865, 4th ed. 1866; also translated into English, but very poorly); Riggenbach (1866, against Volkmar). Meyer (Com., 5th ed. 1869); Weiss (6th ed. of Meyer, 1880); Lange (in his Leben Jesu, and in his Com., 3d ed. 1868, translated and enlarged by Schaff, 1871); Sanday (Authorship and Historical Character of the Fourth Gospel, London, 1872); Beyschlag (in the “Studien und Kritiken” for 1874 and 1875); Luthardt (2d ed. 1875); Lightfoot (in the Contemporary Review, “ 1875–1877, against Supernatural Religion); Geo. P. Fisher (Beginnings of Christianity, 1877, ch. X., and art. The Fourth Gospel, in “The Princeton Review” for July, 1881, pp. 51–84); Godet (Commentaire sur l’Évangile de Saint Jean, 2d ed. 1878; 3d ed.”complètement revue,” vol. I., Introduction historique et critique, Paris, 1881, 376 pages); Westcott (Introd. to the Gospels, 1862, 1875, and Com. 1879); McClellan (The Four Gospels, 1875); Milligan (in several articles in the “Contemp. Review” for 1867, 1868, 1871, and in his and Moulton’s Com., 1880); Ezra Abbot (The Authorship of the Fourth Gospel, Boston, 1880; republished in his Critical Essays, Boston, 1888; conclusive on the external evidences, especially the important testimony of Justin Martyr); George Salmon (Historical Introd. to the N. T., London, 1886; third ed. 1888, pp. 210 sqq.). See also A. H. Francke: Das Alte Test. bei Johannes, Göttingen, 1885. VIII. Commentaries on the Epistles of John. Oecumenius (1000); Theophylact (1071); Luther; Calvin; Bullinger; Lücke (3d ed. 1856); De Wette (1837, 5th ed. by Brückner, 1863); Neander (1851, Engl. transl. by Mrs. Conant, 1852); Düsterdieck 1852–1856, 2 vols.); Huther (in Meyer’s Com., 1855, 4th ed. 1880); F. D. Maurice, (1857); Ebrard (in Olshausen’s Com., 1859, transl. by W. B. Pope, Edinb. 1860); Ewald (1861); Braune (in Lange’s Com., 1865, Engl. ed. by Mombert, 1867); Candlish (1866); Erich Haupt (1869, Engl. transl. by W. B. Pope, Edinb., 1879); R. Rothe (posthumous ed. by K. Mühlhäuser, 1879); W. B. Pope (in Schaff ’s Pop. Com., 1883); Westcott (1883). IX. Commentaries on the Apocalypse of John. Bullinger (1535, 6th ed. 1604); Grotius (1644); Jos. Mede (Clavis Apocalyptica, 1682); Bossuet (R. C., 1689); Vitringa (1719); Bengel (1740, 1746, and new ed. 1834); Herder (1779); Eichhorn (1791); E. P. Elliott (Horae


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The Parousia Mary, Mary Quite Contrary

14min
pages 445-450

Trojan Warriors

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page 440

The Bierton Crisis

3min
page 438

The Everlasting Covenant

2min
page 436

The Cause of God And Truth, Part 1

1min
page 424

The Cause of God And Truth, Part II

3min
pages 425-426

The West And The Quran

2min
page 435

A Body of Practical Divinity , III, IV, V

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page 423

A Body of Doctrinal Divinity, V, VI

2min
page 421

A Body of Doctrinal Divinity II, II,IV

3min
page 420

FURTHER PUBLICATIONS A Body Of Doctrinal Divinity Book 1

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page 419

Index of German Words and Phrases

36min
pages 405-418

101. The Apocalypse

1hr
pages 377-390

Criticism

18min
pages 391-394

Index of Citations

22min
pages 399-404

100. The Epistle To The Hebrews

30min
pages 370-376

99. The Pastoral Epistles

17min
pages 366-369

97. The Epistle to the Philippians

9min
pages 362-363

Vindicated

13min
pages 359-361

98. The Epistle to Philemon

8min
pages 364-365

93. The Epistles of the Captivity

4min
page 352

95. The Epistle to the Ephesians

13min
pages 356-358

92. The Epistle to the Romans

4min
page 351

94. The Epistle to the Colossians

13min
pages 353-355

91. The Epistles to the Galatians

4min
page 350

89. The Epistles to the Thessalonians

4min
page 347

90. The Epistles to the Corinthians

8min
pages 348-349

88. The Epistles of Paul

13min
pages 344-346

87. The Catholic Epistles

12min
pages 341-343

85. The Acts of the Apostles

24min
pages 334-339

86. The Epistles

4min
page 340

Problem

22min
pages 329-333

83. John

1hr
pages 314-328

81. Mark

44min
pages 292-301

80. Matthew

26min
pages 286-291

82. Luke. Lucas

51min
pages 302-313

79. The Synoptists

44min
pages 275-285

77. Literature on the Gospels

8min
pages 268-269

78. The Four Gospels

20min
pages 270-274

76. Character of the New Testament

4min
page 267

75. Rise of the Apostolic Literature

4min
page 266

72. John and the Gospel of Love

31min
pages 256-262

Teaching

9min
pages 263-264

71. The Gentile Christian Theology

50min
pages 245-255

69. The Jewish Christian Theology

8min
pages 241-242

70. II. Peter and the Gospel of Hope

9min
pages 243-244

68. Different Types of Apostolic Teaching

4min
page 240

Christ

4min
page 237

67. Unity of Apostolic Teaching

3min
page 239

64. The Council at Jerusalem

8min
pages 235-236

62. Deacons and Deaconesses

4min
page 233

63. Church Discipline

4min
page 234

60. Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists

8min
pages 228-229

61. Presbyters or Bishops

13min
pages 230-232

to the Christian Community

7min
pages 226-227

57. Sacred Times—The Lord’s Day

8min
pages 223-224

51. The Synagogue

37min
pages 214-222

46. Christianity in Individuals

4min
page 208

49. Christianity and Society

4min
page 211

45. The Spiritual Gifts

8min
pages 206-207

43. Traditions Respecting John

4min
page 203

42. Apostolic Labors of John

13min
pages 200-202

41. Life and Character of John

22min
pages 195-199

Victory— Peter and Paul at Antioch

18min
pages 169-172

on the Christian Church

4min
page 191

Jerusalem. a.d. 70

21min
pages 186-190

36. Christianity in Rome

26min
pages 173-178

Christianity

35min
pages 161-168

33. Paul’s Missionary Labors

27min
pages 155-160

32. The Work of Paul

8min
pages 153-154

31. The Conversion of Paul

42min
pages 144-152

Fiction

22min
pages 124-128

of Peter

13min
pages 121-123

23. Chronology of the Apostolic Age

4min
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30. Paul before his Conversion

21min
pages 139-143

Gentiles

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27. James the Brother of the Lord

30min
pages 129-135

Events In The Roman Empire

6min
pages 108-109

Concluding Reflections. Faith and

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of the Apostolic Age

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pages 100-102

Colossians and Ephesians Compared and

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21. General Character of the Apostolic Age

3min
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18. Apocryphal Traditions

22min
pages 80-84

Heretical Perversions of the Apostolic

26min
pages 74-79

The Forty-Six Years of Building of Herod’s Temple

8min
pages 64-65

17. The Land and the People

27min
pages 68-73

The Lord’s Supper. 220

4min
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The Christian Ministry, and its Relation

18min
pages 60-63

The Church and the Kingdom of

9min
pages 66-67

Baptism. 217

4min
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The Several Parts of Worship. 215

4min
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Christian Worship. 215

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13. Judaism and Heathenism in Contact

8min
pages 45-46

Spiritual Condition of the

3min
page 51

15. The Founder of Christianity

3min
page 52

12. Grecian Literature, and the Roman Empire

17min
pages 41-44

10. The Law, and the Prophecy

4min
page 37

Effects of the Destruction of Jerusalem

4min
page 40

The Roman Conflagration and the Neronian

4min
page 38

The Conservative Reaction, and the Liberal

4min
page 36

The Synod of Jerusalem, and the Compromise between Jewish and Gentile

4min
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9. Judaism

8min
pages 33-34

7. Literature of Church History

12min
pages 20-22

3. Sources of Church History

4min
page 14

FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

4min
page 7

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

3min
page 10

1. Nature of Church History

4min
page 11

Schaff, Philip, History of the Christian Church (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1997. This material has been carefully compared, corrected and emended (according to the 1910 edition of Charles Scribner’s Sons) by The Electronic Bible Society, Dallas, TX, 1998.

1min
pages 2-3

PREFACE TO THIRD REVISION

3min
page 8
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