The Singapore Engineer April 2018 by The Singapore Engineer

THE MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, SINGAPORE

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018 | MCI (P) 009/03/2018

COVER STORY: SBF CENTER PROJECT GAINS RECOGNITION FOR SAFETY

PLUS

HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING: Protecting Critical Infrastructure against terrorist attacks ENVIRONMENT & WATER ENGINEERING: Clearing the air MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING: Singapore entry wins first prize in ferry design competition

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CONTENTS FEATURES

COVER STORY 16 SBF Center project gains recogni on for safety The development was a winner of the BCA Design and Engineering Safety Excellence Award, in the Commercial Category, at BCA AWARDS 2017.

HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING 22 Protec ng Cri cal Infrastructure against terrorist a acks The ar cle gives a brief introduc on of the Infrastructure Protec on Act (IPA), passed by Singapore, in October 2017, the security-by-design (SBD) process, as well as some common mi ga on strategies to enhance building protec on.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

26 Interna onal Benchmarking of Singaporeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Construc on Workmanship Quality Standards A descrip on of a study ini ated by the Building and Construc on Authority (BCA) is provided, as well as an analysis of the results.

President Er. Edwin Khew Chief Editor T Bhaskaran t_b_n8@yahoo.com Publica ons Manager Desmond Teo desmond@iesnet.org.sg

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Assistant Publica ons Manager Fenda Ngo fenda.ngo@iesnet.org.sg Publica ons Execu ve Queek Jiayu jiayu@iesnet.org.sg

Editorial Panel Er. Chong Kee Sen Dr Chandra Segaran Dr Ang Keng Been Mr Kenneth Cheong Mr Gary Ong Dr Victor Sim Media Representa ve Mul Nine Corpora on Pte Ltd sales@mul 9.com.sg

Design & layout by 2EZ Asia Pte Ltd Cover designed by Irin Kuah Cover images by KTP Consultants Pte Ltd Published by The Ins tu on of Engineers, Singapore 70 Bukit Tinggi Road, Singapore 289758 Tel: 6469 5000 I Fax: 6467 1108 Printed in Singapore

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ENVIRONMENT & WATER ENGINEERING 34 Clearing the air To improve ambient air quality, ac on is underway to reduce diesel emissions and other vehicular pollu on.

MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

36 Singapore entry wins first prize in ferry design compe on The innova on is in reducing costs whilst conforming to the highest safety standards. 40 Cyber security has become a hot topic The marine and energy industries are far from being immune to cyber-a acks and security breaches, and the consequences can be farreaching.

43 Danfoss opens applica on development centre in Singapore The company’s technologies will help customers achieve energy eﬃciency.

REGULAR SECTIONS 04 INDUSTRY NEWS 14 EVENTS 44 IES UPDATE

The Singapore Engineer is published monthly by The Ins tu on of Engineers, Singapore (IES). The publica on is distributed free-of-charge to IES members and aﬃliates. Views expressed in this publica on do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor or IES. All rights reserved. No part of this magazine shall be reproduced, mechanically or electronically, without the prior consent of IES. Whilst every care is taken to ensure accuracy of the content at press me, IES will not be liable for any discrepancies. Unsolicited contribu ons are welcome but their inclusion in the magazine is at the discre on of the Editor.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

COLLABORATION, DATA, R&D AND SKILLS TAKE CENTRE STAGE IN PLANS FOR PORT GROWTH The Mari me and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) announced a slew of measures last month to strengthen the inter- and intra-connec vity of Singapore’s mari me cluster, build a vibrant innova on ecosystem and develop a skilled, future-ready workforce. These will facilitate growth and support Singapore’s vision to be a global mari me hub. Investments in port capacity and infrastructure will con nue together with PSA. By early 2019, reclama on works for the first phase of the Tuas Terminal should be complete. Concurrently, PSA is tes ng out new opera on systems involving automated guided vehicles, yard and quay cranes for deployment in Tuas. Apart from promo ng the growth of non-tradi onal mari me technology enterprises, the authority will also co-fund the cost of shared workspaces and services to encourage exper se and resource sharing. In the longer term, to foster collabora on and co-innova on across the mari me and other sectors, MPA, PSA and other government agencies will experiment with concepts such as inter-modal logis cs and explore the se ng up of a port and logis cs cluster at Tuas, which could spur the development of more efficient systems for supply chain management. Furthermore, MPA will capitalise on digitalisa on and automa on with the Mari me Transforma on Programme (MTP). This will be rolled out “over the next few months” and build new capabili es plus capture new growth areas. In collabora on with the Na onal Research Founda on, ins tutes of higher learning and industry, the MTP will deepen Singapore’s mari me R&D capabili es in four focus areas: • Efficient and intelligent world class next genera on port; • Smart autonomous vessel and mari me opera ons; • Strategic sea space and mari me traffic management; • Effec ve mari me safety and security.

This will help enable the development and test-bedding of digital apps and services for the mari me industry as well as promote data sharing. It will also serve as a collabora ve pla orm for technology companies, startups and mari me stakeholders to co-develop data-driven mari me solu ons, support projects under the MPA Living Lab and enhance connec vity among mari me logis cs stakeholders. As a start, the SG-MDH will make available to the public real- me access to MPA’s port and ship-related data such as vessel informa on, vessel arrival and departure me and vessel posi on and movement by the third quarter of 2018. MPA will work with stakeholders such as classifica on socie es and mari me companies on this front and will also look to integrate SG-MDH with the Na onal Trade Pla orm and other industry-wide and government systems. Besides systems and technologies, MPA will con nue to invest in developing the mari me workforce. The authority will roll out a new Global Talent Programme (GTP) by 2019 to groom local mari me talent for future leadership and management posi ons, and will also co-fund 70 per cent of eligible expenses incurred by companies which are prepared to commit to training local talent through structured rota ons and overseas a achments. It aims to partner up to 20 mari me companies with a strong focus on human capital development over the next seven years. Furthermore, the authority will top up the Mari me Cluster Fund by SGD 100 million to co-fund the conceptualisa on of new products or services, to spur innovaon and forge collabora ons amongst mari me players. It is expected to support about 30 new projects and benefit some 5,000 people annually.

Funding will be made available for industry partners to help develop new capabili es and technologies that have high applica on poten al. Addi onally, MPA will establish the Singapore Mari me Data Hub (SG-MDH), a one-stop data repository with a centralised applica on programming interface gateway and data management capabili es. 04

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MPA plans to s mulate port growth through smart digital technologies

INDUSTRY NEWS

MULTISPECTRAL LENSLESS IMAGING TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED BY NTU SCIENTISTS A new camera technology developed by scien sts from NTU can take sharp, colour images without using a lens and colour filters. Using only a piece of ground glass and a monochrome sensor, the scien sts created mul -coloured images by u lising an algorithm to ‘reverse engineer’ light that is sca ered by the translucent ma surface of the ground glass, reconstruc ng the original image that was projected on to it. To do this, they created a library of ‘speckle pa erns’ linked to each wavelength of light, including those in the infrared and ultraviolet spectrums which are not visible to the naked eye. The project leader, Assistant Professor Steve Cuong Dang from the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, said, “The unique feature of our camera is that it can capture any range of light spectrum, unlike exis ng cameras on the market which are pre-fixed. It is also less aﬀected by op cal alignment issues like conven onal cameras, because there are no moving parts and no focusing op cs.” In a conven onal camera, op cs made from glass or plasc lenses capture light and guide it onto the colour filters and camera sensor to obtain images. These lenses are

usually bulky and expensive due to the precision manufacturing required. Replacing these with ground glass opens up potenal applica ons in compact cameras and smart phones to reduce their physical size further.

Prof Dang (le ) and Dr Sahoo demonstra ng their mul spectral lensless imaging technique. Photo: NTU

According to NTU, the ability of this new technique to reconstruct images in other wavelengths, even at the microscopic scale, means that many domains can benefit, such as medicine, surveillance, and astrophysics. This interdisciplinary project involving physics and photonics engineering took Prof Dang and his researchers Dr Sujit Kumar Sahoo, and Dr Tang Dongliang, over a year of research and development. A patent has been filed for this new technology.

SMRT MCLAREN PARTNERSHIP TO TAP ON F1 TECHNOLOGY TO MONITOR TRAIN PERFORMANCE On 15 March 2018, SMRT Trains and McLaren Applied Technologies announced that they would be partnering on condion-monitoring solu ons to track and predict the performance of SMRT trains. The United Kingdom-based company is part of the McLaren Group, which includes the Formula 1 team and high-performance car maker McLaren Automo ve. The agreement marks the first me that engineers at SMRT and McLaren Applied Technologies are jointly seeking to adapt race car condi on-monitoring technology for tracking MRT train performance. The sensors and high-speed loggers installed on race cars are small and light to save space and weight. They are also of robust construc on to withstand the stresses imposed during high speed races, meaning they can be readily adapted for use on trains. Over a Grand Prix season, the McLaren race team captures an average of more than 12 billion real- me data points from over

300 sensors embedded on its two race cars. This enables the team to monitor, analyse and make informed decisions in real me to op mise on-track performance. The joint team will work on customising solu ons to monitor the train motors, brakes, pneuma c systems and gearboxes aboard one train; these will serve as a test-bed to allow engineers to validate the performance of an end-to-end condion-monitoring pla orm. Mr Desmond Kuek, SMRT President and Group CEO, said, “We look forward to collabora ng with McLaren Applied Technologies to elevate this capability further, combining our engineering exper se in rail with their proven capabili es harnessing sensors, telemetry and so ware in motorsport.” Adding on, Mr Dick Glover, Ac ng CEO, McLaren Applied Technologies, said: “This unique partnership with SMRT will deliver advantage for Singapore by maximising vehicle availability and maintenance capacity of their train services.”

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INDUSTRY NEWS

ST ENGINEERING TRIALS NEXT GEN SMART BUS STOP OUTSIDE PLAZA SINGAPURA In early March, ST Engineering announced the launch of the world’s first next genera on smart bus stop that addresses the challenges of urban heat and PM2.5 par cle-based air pollu on. Located along Orchard Road, outside Plaza Singapura, the Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop was developed within 18 months from idea to market by Innosparks, an ST Engineering Open Lab, and harnesses digitalisa on and data analytics to transform the commuter’s overall transit experience. It uses water to cool air to as low as 24 degrees Celsius, delivering energy-eﬃcient, sustainable cooling with no waste heat genera on. It also u lises air purifica on to remove harmful airborne PM2.5 par cles. Other tech features will enable it to detect suspicious ac vi es such as una ended baggage and loitering, trialling the applica on of public safety technologies. Innosparks will trial the Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop for a year. “Designers of Smart Ci es need to reimagine infrastructure and design solu ons that improve their liveability for ci -

zens. With this world’s first Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop, ST Engineering is trialling an approach of harnessing technology and innova on to transform land transport infrastructure so that even simple daily ac vi es such as wai ng for a bus can be greatly improved through data analy cs, air cooling and purifica on technologies,” said Mr Gareth Tang, Head of Innosparks. Findings from the trial will be shared with LTA and other interested government agencies. Through data collected from the bus stop technologies and communter surveys conducted of commuters, Innosparks will also explore how its technologies, such as its overhead air cooling and purifica on unit, can be deployed in other ways to meet ci zens’ needs in various public outdoor spaces. The Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop leverages the already proven technology of the Airbitat Smart Cooler which has been successfully deployed in other commercial and industrial urban spaces, such as the Singapore Mandai Zoo, Resorts World Sentosa, and CHIJMES.

The Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop and its features. Image: ST Engineering / Innosparks 06

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INDUSTRY NEWS

CYBERCRIMINALS DEPLOYED MORE STRATEGIC

CYBERATTACKS ON COMPANIES IN 2017 According to cybersecurity firm Trend Micro’s 2017 Annual Security Roundup Report, cybercriminals are u lising more strategic methods to achieve a higher success rate and return on investment. Although the number of data breaches made public in 2017 decreased to 553, compared to 813 in 2016, the number of aﬀected records hit almost 5 billion, compared to 3.3 billion in 2016. Ransomware threats and exploit kits also decreased, signalling a shi away from “spray-and-pray a acks” towards smaller-scale, more eﬀec ve, and more targeted a acks. In 2017, 630 million threats were detected in the Asia-Pacific alone, almost 40 per cent of Trend Micro’s global total. Although this was a significant decrease

from 2016 (1.07 billion), a 32 per cent increase in new ransomware families in 2017 was observed. Major variants, such as WannaCry and Petya, were responsible for large-scale, contagious a acks and incurred an es mated USD 5 billion in losses globally. In addi on, the report reveals a doubling of Business Email Compromise a empts between the first and second half of 2017 and soaring rates of cryptocurrency mining malware, peaking at more than 100,000 detecons in October. Vulnerable IoT devices are also a major security risk across several trending threats. So ware vulnerabili es also con nued to be targeted, with 1,008 new flaws discovered and disclosed in 2017.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

ST ENGINEERING CREATES NEW MANAGEMENT POSITION

TO DRIVE GROWTH IN NEW BUSINESS AREAS ST Engineering has appointed Mr Russell Tham as President, New Enterprises and Ventures, eﬀec ve 19 March 2018. In this newly created posi on, Mr Tham will drive the expansion of the Group’s business by building new adjacencies for growth through technology and innova on in ver cals outside of the Group’s core businesses in the aerospace, electronics, land systems and marine sectors. He will report to the Mr Vincent Chong, President and CEO of ST Engineering. “The crea on of this new posi on represents a further strengthening of our management team, and signals our commitment to pursue growth beyond our core business sectors as we advance into building new business ver cals, including health and medical technology,” said Mr Chong.

Mr Tham joined ST Engineering a er 23 years with Applied Materials, where he held various management posi ons before being appointed president of its South-east Asian opera ons in 2009. In this posi on, he oversaw the regional business and led the company’s business, infrastructure and strategy to grow their footprint in Singapore and South-east Asia. He has concurrently held various global roles based in Singapore, including corporate business development responsibili es to drive opportuni es in new growth markets. Mr Tham serves on the board of the Energy Market Authority (EMA) and a member of the Singapore government’s Future Economy Council a er serving on the Commi ee on the Future

SOFTBANK ROBOTICS EUROPE SELECTS COGNIZANT FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE OF AI SYSTEMS IN ITS ROBOTS IT services MNC Cognizant has been selected by So Bank Robo cs Europe, a specialist in humanoid robo cs, to provide quality engineering and assurance (QE&A) services for the ar ficial intelligence (AI) systems in the popular Pepper and NAO robots. Cognizant’s exper se ensures high quality machine-human interacons and will enable So Bank Robo cs Europe to scale produc on to meet rising global demand in sectors such as retail, healthcare, tourism and educa on. Cognizant’s QE&A engineers, based in Grenoble, France, will develop a standardised tes ng protocol for the NAOqi opera ng system – the two robots’ “brains” – as well as their default applica ons for speech recogni on, movement percep on and obstacle and collision avoidance, to ensure op mal performance. Cognizant will also provide tes ng services for the development toolkit and content management system, as well as tes ng applica ons developed by partners, to ensure conformity to rules and policies throughout So Bank Robo cs Europe’s en re value chain. Cognizant’s advanced tes ng capabili es will also enable So Bank Robo cs Europe to develop apps more quickly, allowing their Pepper and NAO robots to be even more intui ve, agile and personalised. These robots are currently used in shops and public places to welcome, inform and entertain customers, and in educa onal se ngs, such as helping children to learn in a unique and fun way.

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The NAO (le ) and Pepper robots. Photo: So Bank Robo cs

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INDUSTRY NEWS

PROF RITA R COLWELL WINS

LEE KUAN YEW WATER PRIZE 2018 In conjunc on with World Water Day 2018, on 22 March, and the launch of the ‘Interna onal Decade for Acon: Water for Sustainable Development 2018 - 2028’, Prof Rita R Colwell was unveiled as the recipient of the pres gious Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize 2018. Prof Rita R Colwell One of the most well-known and respected water scien sts in the world today, Prof Colwell is Dis nguished University Professor at both the University of Maryland at College Park and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.

Though her immensely rich and mul -faceted career, which con nues ll today, Prof Colwell has benefi ed the lives of millions worldwide through her pioneering insights into microbial water quality surveillance and her reless eﬀorts in building upon these insights to transform the surveillance and control of cholera and other waterborne diseases. As the 8th Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize Laureate, Prof Rita R Colwell will deliver the Singapore Water Lecture on 9 July 2018. She will also receive the Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize at the Lee Kuan Yew Prize Award Ceremony and Banquet on the same night. The award ceremony is one of the flagship programmes of Singapore Interna onal Water Week 2018 (SIWW 2018), which will be held from 8 to 12 July 2018, concurrently with the World Ci es Summit 2018 (WCS 2018) and CleanEnviro Summit Singapore 2018 (CESS 2018), at Sands Expo and Conven on Centre, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. SIWW 2018 will feature a range of flagship programmes and pla orms that bring together the global value chain of water, to share the latest in business and technological innova ons, as well as policy developments in water.

Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize Launched in 2008 to recognise outstanding contribu ons by individuals or organisa ons towards solving the world’s water problems by developing or applying innova ve technologies or implemen ng policies and programmes which benefit humanity, the Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize (named in honour of Singapore’s first Prime Minister) is the highlight of SIWW. The Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize laureate receives SGD 300,000, a cer ficate and a gold medallion at the award ceremony held during the event. The award is sponsored by Temasek Founda on Innovates, a non-profit philanthropic organisa on that funds and supports programmes focusing on developing prac cal solu ons for a be er life through research and innova on. 10

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Singapore Interna onal Water Week Organised by Singapore’s Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources and PUB, Singapore’s Na onal Water Agency, and with Experia as the Event Organiser, Singapore Interna onal Water Week (SIWW) is a global pla orm to share and co-create innova ve water soluons. The event will comprise the Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize, Water Leaders Summit, Water Conven on, Business Forums, Industrial Water Solu ons Forum, Water Expo, TechXchange, Young Water Leaders Summit and the HydroPreneur Programme.

CleanEnviro Summit Singapore 2018 to address environmental challenges Themed ‘Transforming Tomorrow’s Ci es with Clean Environment Solu ons’, the fourth biennial CleanEnviro Summit Singapore 2018 (CESS 2018), organised by the Na onal Environment Agency, Singapore, will be held from 8 to 12 July 2018, in conjunc on with SIWW 2018 and WCS 2018. The event will provide a global pla orm for industry and government leaders to iden fy, develop and share prac cal, replicable and scalable solu ons to address environmental challenges. CESS 2018 will deep-dive into five streams: Waste Management: Singapore has developed an advanced and integrated waste management system that minimises land use and maximises resource recovery. In working towards the Zero Waste Na on vision, new solu ons need to be con nuously explored. Cleaning: A recession-proof sector, the cleaning industry is one of the fast-growing areas in developing economies. Pest Management: The pest management industry is con nually progressing with increasing emphasis on integrated pest management and technology, and its transforma on into a knowledge industry. Sustainable Energy: Energy eﬃciency and renewable energy play significant roles in decoupling economic growth from the increase in carbon emissions. Renewable energy solu ons are helping to move away from fossil fuel dependence, while improvements in smart grid and storage technologies will reshape how electricity is produced and delivered. Pollu on Control: Smart systems can be used to bolster pollu on control capabili es, allowing for real- me analysis of air, land, and marine pollu on, and implementa on of suitable measures. In-depth discussions and the sharing of global best prac ces will be facilitated through business forums and high level plenaries, such as the Clean Environment Leaders Summit, Clean Environment Conven on, and Clean Environment Regulators Roundtable. The Innova on Pitch will showcase the latest environmental solu ons.

INDUSTRY NEWS

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INDUSTRY NEWS

SEOUL CONFERRED

LEE KUAN YEW WORLD CITY PRIZE 2018 Seoul, the capital of South Korea, has won the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize 2018. Through a combina on of visionary leadership and ac ve engagement of its ci zens, it has flourished to become an inclusive, crea ve and sustainable city with a high quality of life. The Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize honours outstanding achievements in and contribu ons to the crea on of liveable, vibrant and sustainable urban communi es around the world. The biennial interna onal award has been jointly organised by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) and Centre for Liveable Ci es (CLC), since 2010. Seoul has exhibited several model strategies in crea ng a dis nc ve and deligh ul home for its ci zens:

Overview of Seoul, including Seoullo 7017 - a lushly planted elevated walkway with ac vi es along the way. Image by Seoul Metropolitan Government.

Bold leadership with innova ve solu ons Post-democra sa on in the 1990s, Seoul faced the challenges of rapid urbanisa on. These included an increasingly resistant and vocal populace, a dras c increase in the number of cars and resul ng environmental degrada on. Bold leadership to implement cataly c projects, such as the Dongdaemun Area Regenera on, to shi Seoul’s focus from tradi onal manufacturing to design, led to benefits for the en re city.

Good communica on with ci zens and stakeholders City leaders also engaged and nego ated with stakeholders represen ng diﬀerent interests, and formulated a set of conflict management strategies. The government introduced a team of nego ators for urban development projects, to engage ci zens on the city’s vision. The Seoul Master Plan 2030 went further to make ci zen par cipa on the norm of all plans, and priori sed bo om-up processes.

Decisive shi to people-centric spaces Seoul u lised big data to help ci zens make a seamless and convenient transi on from car-oriented transporta on to public transport. Elevated highways and main roads were reclaimed to become prominent public spaces. For instance, an elevated highway was removed to restore a stream and create a natural recrea onal haven at Cheonggyecheong, and a formerly congested area at Yonsei-ro was pedestrianised. 12

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Crea ve rejuvena on of modern heritage Seoul seeks innova ve ways to repurpose its heritage buildings, a prac ce also known in the city as ‘development without demoli on’. For example, Makercity Sewoon is a cluster of seven commercial superblocks built in the 1970s, which were rehabilitated through the sensi ve introduc on of new uses and interven ons. From among the ci es considered for the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize 2018, four ci es won ‘Special Men ons’ for their best prac ces in city management. They are Hamburg, Germany; Kazan, Russian Federa on; Surabaya, Indonesia; and Tokyo, Japan.

Prize Lecture and Award Ceremony Seoul will be invited to give the Prize Lecture on 9 July 2018 at the World Ci es Summit 2018 (WCS 2018) which will be held at Sands Expo and Conven on Centre, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore, from 8 to12 July 2018. It will also receive the prize at the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize 2018 Award Ceremony and Banquet on 9 July 2018, during the summit. The prize comprises an award cer ficate, a gold medallion and a cash prize of SGD 300,000, sponsored by Keppel Corpora on. Representa ves of the four ci es that won ‘Special Menons’, will also share their experiences, at a dedicated Prize Forum, during the summit. WCS 2018 is also organised by CLC and URA.

INDUSTRY NEWS

NEW CHAIR FOR

ARUP IN AUSTRALASIA Arup, the global design, engineering and business consultancy has recently appointed Mr Peter Chamley as the Chair for Arup in Australasia. Formerly Group Leader for Arup’s Infrastructure prac ce, Mr Chamley has over 35 years’ experience in leading major projects across the UK, Europe, Australasia, East Asia and USA. Mr Chamley, who will be based in Melbourne, takes over as Chair from Mr Peter Bailey who has moved into the role of Group Director of Sustainable Development. Earlier, Arup had appointed Mr Kevin Koh to lead the digital services team, and Mr Neil Walmsley, to lead the ci es and planning team, in Singapore. With more than 23 years of experience in the industry,

Mr Koh joined Arup as a market leader, focussing parcularly on the crea on and implementa on of ver cal solu on plans for na onal governments. Having worked in Australia, USA and Asia, he has in mate knowledge on Asia’s growing and emerging markets. Mr Koh also takes a personal interest in working with start-ups who are developing drone, video analysis and robo cs capabili es, to bring new levels of op misa on to the built environment. Mr Walmsley joined Arup in 1997 and brings with him more than 20 years of global planning and design experience. The ci es and planning team will bring together a holis c range of specialist technical and advisory services across all aspects of the built environment.

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EVENTS

ASIA PACIFIC MARITIME 2018 CLOSES ON A HIGH NOTE Asia Pacific Mari me 2018 (APM 2018), Asia’s premier shipbuilding & marine, workboat and oﬀshore exhibi on and conference, was held from 14 to 16 March 2018, at Sands Expo and Conven on Centre, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. Close to 14,200 trade visitors a ended the biennial event which featured the displays of 1,432 brands from 60 countries, at over 644 booths. APM 2018 was organised by Reed Exhibi ons.

APM 2018 Exhibi on Leveraging the convergence of mari me decision-makers at APM 2018, several exhibitors presented their newest launches at the exhibi on floor. Among them were the following: • The ALCONA brand of professional-grade products from AMOS Interna onal (S) Pte Ltd • AQUAMAP keyed GPS - the advanced all-in-one soluon from Garmin Corpora on • New industrial spark plugs and marine ba eries from Robert Bosch (SEA) Pte Ltd • A mobile applica on for ship sales and purchase from Sovereign Shipping Global • The propulsion research vessel from Teignbridge Propellers Int Ltd • The 6M33NG Marine Gas Propulsion Engine from Weichai Singapore Pte Ltd Several business announcements were also made. Autronica Fire & Security AS relocated its regional office to Singapore to be er serve the needs of mari me clients in the region, while Hanseaticso is looking to open a Singapore office to accelerate its growth in the Asian shipping market. APM 2018 also brought together 18 official pavilions - from Austria, Australia, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Norway, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. 14

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New at the exhibi on area was the Career & Skills pavilion, where industry professionals looking for upskilling and career opportuni es obtained insights from over 10 presenta ons by industry observers, and met with agencies involved in human capital, recruitment, talent management, and training & development.

APM 2018 Conference More than 60 industry leaders spearheaded discussions at the APM 2018 conference, cemen ng its posi on as an important knowledge exchange pla orm. The APM 2018 Conference also covered cri cal industry ma ers rela ng to hybrid mari me, marine fuels, marime finance, the oﬀshore sector and the tanker market, as well as Vietnam’s role in the Southeast Asian and global mari me industry.

The next edi on APM 2020, the next edi on of APM will take place from 18 to 20 March 2020. “Through the years, APM has always been a marketplace of ideas, innova on and to exchange deals. It is heartening to witness strong par cipa on and support from interna onal exhibitors and visitors - the strong turnout also reaﬃrms APM’s importance in Asia. As the industry looks forward to a posi ve year ahead, partnerships cemented and knowledge gained over the three days will certainly power the industry forward as we navigate the upward cycle”, said Ms Yeow Hui Leng, Group Project Director, APM, Reed Exhibi ons Pte Ltd.

Asia Pacific Mari me 2018 a racted large numbers of visitors.

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COVER STORY

SBF CENTER PROJECT GAINS RECOGNITION FOR SAFETY The development was a winner of the BCA Design and Engineering Safety Excellence Award, in the Commercial Category, at BCA AWARDS 2017. INTRODUCTION Located in the Central Business District along Robinson Road, SBF Center is a commercial development featuring dedicated, purpose-built medical suites as well as high quality, contemporary oﬃce spaces. Developed by Far East Organiza on, SBF Center also features a collec on of sky gardens interspersed throughout the development, a fully sheltered plaza stylishly landscaped into a park-like environment with F&B outlets and alfresco dining areas, as well as recrea onal facili es including a 20 m lap pool and gymnasium. SBF Center consists of a 31-storey oﬃce tower and an 8-storey podium accommoda ng the medical centre as well as F&B and retail outlets. There are also two basement car parks. Besides winning the BCA Design and Safety Excellence Award 2017, SBF Center has also received the MOM WSH Safety and Health Award 2016, the ROSPA Occupa onal Safety Award 2016, the Green Mark Pla num Award 2016, and the FIABCI Singapore Property Award 2017.

DESIGN PROCESSES AND SOLUTIONS FOR SAFETY Robust transfer system The major design challenge in this project was in rela on to the transfer floor system of the building. Column numbers were limited, due to the design requirement for spacious medical suite podium floors without the obstruc on of columns. Hence, a transfer floor, with long-span transfer beams, was introduced at the intersec on between the office and podium floors, to carry the loading from the office floors above. The tower block is a slender structure with a tower height of 184 m, floor plan width of only 20.2 m, and a slenderness ra o of 9.1. The main lateral load resistance system for the structure is provided by the tower li core and gable end walls. The overturning moment ac ng on the building is resisted by ‘push and pull’ coupling effects generated by compression and decompression in the walls. This system minimises building sway, and reduces accelera ons under wind loads to acceptable levels, for occupant comfort.

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The mul -award-winning SBF Center

Top down construc on The development is located in close proximity to the East-West Line MRT tunnel and adjoining structures with various services and buildings. Hence, top down construc on, with a secant bored pile wall system, was adopted as the Earth Retaining and Stabilising Structure (ERSS), to minimise impacts and hazards to neighbouring structures. A secant bored pile wall provides water ghtness, while a constructed RC slab possesses greater s ﬀness as a strut for the retaining secant bored pile wall.

COVER STORY

Design analysis of ra founda on To ensure robust founda on design, load-taking was carried out using two diďŹ&#x20AC;erent methodologies and the most cri cal cases were adopted as the design values. One of

the methodologies was the use of ETABS so ware with considera on of construc on sequence, and the other method was the conven onal tributary area load-taking. The design of the ra founda on was carried out using

Robust transfer system that integrates with the lateral load resisting system analysed with sophisticated 3D Finite Element, ETABS and RAM Concept software. THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

COVER STORY

the 3D finite element so ware, RAM Concept, with the most cri cal case values incorpora ng wind loadings generated from the wind tunnel test. As part of safe founda on design, monitoring of building se lement at regular floor intervals was done, to cor-

relate the measurements with theore cal es ma ons up to the comple on of the roof of the structure. The actual se lement measurements showed favourable readings compared to the theore cal projec ons, hence establishing the veracity of the founda on design.

Top down construc on with secant bored pile wall as ERSS system for construc on of basements

3D finite element analsysis of ra founda on, using RAM Concept 18

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COVER STORY

Wind tunnel test As the tower is considered rela vely slender for its height, there were significant challenges in the design of the superstructure. In order to provide more certainty, a scaled model was put through a wind tunnel test, under present and future condi ons, to determine wind loadings for both building and façade designs. The wind tunnel test enabled a more accurate determina on of the building accelera on, building dri and a more robust façade design, thereby contribu ng to the safety of the overall design.

QUALITY APPROACH In addi on to con nuous monitoring of se lement during construc on and implementa on of the wind tunnel test, other measures were implemented, to ensure quality commensurate with the design intent. Automated Monitoring System devices Con nuous, real- me Automated Monitoring System (ATMS) devices were installed within the adjacent MRT tunnel, to closely monitor and ensure that the movements are within LTA-approved allowable limits, throughout the construc on period. Readings acquired showed favourable results compared to the theore cal ERSS analysis projec ons, hence establishing the veracity of the ERSS system adopted. Preven on of differen al se lement cracking As the tower carries vastly greater loading than the lowrise podium block, it is expected to se le differently from the podium block. If the tower block and podium block are connected integrally from the onset, cracks due to differen al se lement can be expected to form along the interface of the two blocks, due to the vastly different structural condi ons. It was therefore decided during the design process, to introduce post-pour strips along the interface of the tower and podium blocks to mi gate this concern.

Mock-up of thick ra founda on As part of the efforts to validate quality, a mock-up of the thick ra founda on was done, with the main objec ve of determining the cross-sec onal temperature differen al due to the heat of hydra on of concrete. Thermocouples with real- me data loggers were deployed to monitor the core and surface temperatures, and the results of the mock-up showed a favourable temperature differen al. BIM modelling A BIM model was built, to achieve synergic collabora on amongst project team members from various disciplines and increased quality of informa on sharing, in order to ensure rec fica on of design conflicts at the earliest possible me and achieve higher standards of safety in construc on.

DESIGN FOR SAFE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Catwalks There are sky terrace floors with double ceiling heights. In order to facilitate safe access for future inspec on and maintenance of M&E services installed in these sky terraces, at height, catwalks have been provided. This is in accordance with the philosophy of a safe design for safe future opera ons. Building Maintenance Unit As part of the building maintenance strategy for the tower’s curtain wall system, the roof design has allowed for the provision of a Building Maintenance Unit. Detailed coordina on was carried out to ensure that there was suﬃcient roof space to posi on the track system, as closely as possible, along the the roof’s edge, for higher eﬃciency. The system represents a sustainable and economical approach to carry out maintenance, for years to come, with the safety of the opera ng personnel as the top priority.

CONSTRUCTION QUALITY AND SAFETY Prefabricated elements and components Prefabricated perimeter beams and columns were adopted for the construc on at the roof level, to minimise concrete cas ng (wet works) and working at height, to ensure safety of construc on site personnel. In addi on, the roof crown steel connec ons were designed as prefabricated nuts and bolts, to minimise welding works on site and hence avoid poten al fire hazards.

Wind tunnel test

Steel frame bar chairs As the ra is thick, the ra reinforcement was supported by means of bar chairs, to mi gate the risk of reinforcement collapsing onto workers working within the ra founda on. This greatly enhanced the safety of the workers, with regard to reinforcement collapse, as well as to provide a firmer pla orm for more accurate placement of the reinforcement, thereby improving the quality of works. THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

COVER STORY

Temperature monitoring of concrete pour The 3 m thick ra founda on was cast using Portland Blast Furnace Cement (PBFC) concrete, to keep the heat of hydra on low enough to prevent excessive heat cracks. Thermocouples with real- me data loggers were used to monitor the difference in the temperature between the concrete core and the surface, such that any abnormality could be picked up instantly and rec fied swi ly. No excessive temperature differences were recorded, hence ensuring the integrity of the ra founda on. Prefabricated retaining wall A prefabricated RC retaining wall was employed as the temporary earth retaining structure during excava on and cas ng of deep core wall founda on, to ensure the safety of all site personnel, during the construc on works. The prefabricated RC retaining wall also provided a s ffer surface that served as formwork for the concrete pour, hence improving both construc on quality and safety.

B2 PUBLIC SAFETY Controlled access for construc on vehicles The development is located in Singapore’s central business district, along major roads with dense traﬃc and in close proximity to surrounding buildings. Access to the construc on site was therefore restricted. To mi gate

Steel frame bar chairs used for ra construc on 20

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Catwalks have been provided above the ceilings of all sky terraces for future inspec on and maintenance.

COVER STORY

these constraints and to minimise the impact to the neighbourhood, all construc on vehicles were required to enter the construc on site via the back of lane, service road, throughout the en re construc on period.

A wind tunnel test was carried out and the output of the test was incorporated in the 3D finite element design analysis of the en re building, to ensure that the design intent and the intended level of design safety in the actual built structure, are achieved.

Safety nets Heavy duty full height safety nets were deployed to prevent debris from falling down within the construcon site and also, onto public spaces. Safety nets were erected on all constructed levels, as well, to prevent falling object and falling from height hazards, during erec on/ dismantling of formwork. Flip boards were installed between the safety screens and the building perimeter, to seal all gaps, thereby crea ng a full barrier.

A top-down construc on with secant bored pile walls method was adopted as the ERSS system for the construc on of basements which are in close proximity to the East-West Line MRT tunnel (First Reserved Line). Secant bored pile walls are water- ght while the constructed RC slab possess great s ﬀness as a strut. Real me Automated Monitoring System devices (ATMS) were installed within the MRT tunnel for monitoring during excava on, and the readings obtained were compared against the theore cal outputs from ERSS analysis.

Covered walkway for pedestrians In addi on to the safety screens, covered walkways were provided for pedestrians, throughout the en re construc on period, along an external footpath adjoining the construc on site footprint, to prevent debris from falling onto the public area. This passive measure effec vely augmented the debris management strategy aimed at enhancing public safety. Sound and vibra on monitoring devices Sound and vibra on monitoring devices were posioned on neighbouring structures, to monitor and ensure that the impact of construc on ac vi es were within the allowable limits. In the event of these limits being breached, the site would have had to be no fied and all site ac vi es stopped with immediate effect. Noise barriers In addi on to the provision of sound and vibra on monitoring devices, preven ve measures were also taken on site, to minimise disturbance to the neighbourhood. Noise barriers were provided to reduce the noise from all site ac vi es that would generate noise, such as the hacking of bored pile heads to expose starter bars. Also, temporary electrical generator rooms were constructed, to ensure that the noise produced by the generators is significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Spacious podium floors, with limited number of columns, are obligatory, due to the requirements for the func oning of the medical suites. To achieve this objec ve, a transfer floor was introduced at the intersec on between the office and podium floors. As the office block is considered a slender structure, with a slenderness ra o of 9.1, it was essen al to establish a robust transfer system integrated with the main lateral loads resis ng system. Hence, the tower li core and gable end walls were designed as the main lateral load resistance system of the structure.

Many measures were implemented, that helped to achieve an accident-free record, throughout the construc on, even though there was work at great heights. These measures included the use of a prefabricated retaining wall for excava on of the deep ra foundaon; the use of prefabricated perimeter roof beams and columns; the provision of access for heavy construc on vehicles via the back lane; the provision of heavy duty, full height safety nets; and the provision of an external, covered walkway for pedestrians, throughout the en re construc on period. In addi on, the design and provision of the telescopic BMU system and catwalks at the high volume sky terraces will contribute to the safety of building maintenance personnel during the opera onal life of the building.

PROJECT CREDITS Qualified Person Er. Allan Teo Kok Jin Civil & Structural Consultant KTP Consultants Pte Ltd Contractor Woh Hup (Private) Limited Developer Far East Organiza on Architect DP Architects Pte Ltd

All images by KTP Consultants Pte Ltd THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING

PROTECTING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AGAINST TERRORIST ATTACKS by Ang Choon-Keat, Lin Yadong and Justus Goh, Prostruct Consul ng Pte Ltd, Singapore With the real possibility of terrorist a acks, Singapore passed the Infrastructure Protec on Act (IPA) in October 2017, to provide a clear regulatory framework for protec on against such threats. Selected buildings will have to undergo a security-by-design (SBD) process, before they are built or renovated. This ar cle gives a brief introduc on of the IPA, the SBD process, as well as some common mi ga on strategies to enhance building protec on. INTRODUCTION Mi ga ng the threat of terrorist a acks has always been a challenging task. It is difficult to predict how, why and when such an a ack will take place. A terrorist a ack is an extremely disrup ve act which can destabilise the normalcy and unity of a society. Historically, bombings have been among the favourite tac cs used by terrorists, due to the rela ve ease of access to chemicals needed to make explosives. A acks can be carried out by suicide bombers or by the detona on of vehicle borne explosives. Vehicles can also be driven at speed into groups of unsuspec ng people. Past terrorist incidents show that critical infrastructure are preferred targets for terrorists. On 22 March 2016, three coordinated suicide bombings occurred in Belgium - two at Brussels Airport and one at Maalbeek Metro Station in central Brussels. The incident resulted in more than 30 fatalities and more than 300 injuries. On 19 May 2017, a man drove his car onto a pavement in New York’s Times Square, killing one person and injuring more than 20 others. On 10 December 2016, a car bomb and a bomb carried by a suicide bomber exploded in Istanbul, Turkey, killing 48 people and injuring several others. Closer to home, a group of six militants were arrested after a plan to fire a rocket at Singapore’s Marina Bay Sands from Batam Island was foiled by the authorities (on 5 August 2016). If the attack was not uncovered and prevented, the consequences could have been disastrous. The Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report, released by Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in June 2017, states that the terrorism threat remains the highest in Singapore, in recent years. The poten al terror threat has underscored the need for a more systema c way to protect key infrastructure. In response, the IPA was passed on 2 October 2017, as part of Singapore’s counter-terrorism efforts.

THE INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION ACT The Infrastructure Protec on Act (IPA) is intended to form a clear regulatory framework and comprehensive 22

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

strategy to fight terror. Under the new law, MHA could designate new buildings as ‘special developments’, and exis ng buildings as ‘special infrastructures’. The designated buildings include those that provide essen al services, have heavy human traﬃc or have iconic or symbolic significance. These iden fied buildings will be required to go through a security-by-design (SBD) process, to integrate security measures such as video surveillance, vehicle barriers and protec on against blasts, in their design, before they are built, and for selected exis ng buildings to incorporate such measures in their renova on plans.

Security-by-design Incorpora ng physical security concepts in the ini al design of a new building is o en the most efficient and cost-effec ve way to achieve the required security level, at minimal cost. In doing so, security can be effec vely incorporated without compromising other factors such as the func onality and aesthe cs of the building. The main stages in SBD are the Preliminary Facility Design Development (PFDD), the Risk Assessment (RA) and the development of a Final Security Protec on Plan (FSSP). For new buildings, the Security & Blast (S&B) Consultants will embark on the PFDD and the RA. At this stage, the S&B Consultants will do a site apprecia on, in order to develop a Preliminary Security Protec on Plan (PSPP) and to share applicable good security design prac ces. The S&B Consultants will then work on the Threat, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (TVRA), to determine the specified protec on requirement. This process involves iden fying threats and cri cal assets and how they may affect or impact the opera ons of the cri cal infrastructure, and determining how best to mi gate those threats, based on current capabili es and resource requirements. A Blast Effect Analysis (BEA) study will be conducted to determine the effects of a blast event and highlight any vulnerabili es. Finally, a Structural Resilience Study (SRS) will be conducted to recommend any mi ga on measures required

HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING

before pu ng up an FSSP, to achieve the necessary safeguards against iden fied threats.

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR BUILDING PROTECTION To fully protect a building from an explosion that occurs outside the building, a combina on of security measures is necessary. Some of the common considera ons include se ng up an -ram vehicle barriers or bollards to increase standoﬀ distances, hardening of structural components to withstand blast loadings, loca ng cri cal assets away from public areas to reduce their vulnerability and hardened protec on at openings that are exposed to blast threats.

Figure 1: Bollards to create addi onal standoﬀ.

Providing standoff distances Providing a standoff between the building and poten al loca ons for detona on of bombs is perhaps the most effec ve means of mi ga ng damage to the building. Where possible, this can be achieved via strategies such as bollards (Figure 1), barriers, landscaping etc.

Structural hardening In some cases, increasing standoff distances is insufficient or such areas are not available to mi gate the blast effects. It may be necessary to adopt designs to prevent progressive collapse of the en re building, as well as harden cri cal structural elements. Progressive collapse is defined as the spread of an ini al local failure, from element to element, eventually resul ng in the collapse of an en re building. The Oklahoma City bombing (April 1995) is a classic example that illustrates the importance of building designs to prevent progressive collapse. In that incident, most of the deaths resulted from the collapse of the building, rather than from the bomb blast itself.

Figure 2: Strengthening of structures with FRP composites.

Besides preven ng progressive collapse, structural hardening is also crucial in protec ng the interior cri cal assets, to minimise disrup on to the opera on of essenal services. Structural hardening measures could come in various forms. The straigh orward way is simply to increase the physical size of the structural components and/or the reinforcement details un l they are suﬃciently thick and can therefore resist the blast loads. The strength of structural components can also be increased by other means such as by using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites (Figure 2).

Protec on of openings Openings refer to locations in a building, that provide access for equipment and personnel, and which are covered by doors, roller shutters or windows. When an explosion occurs outside the building, these openings become vulnerable points through which flying fragments can enter and cause injuries to occupants and damage to assets.

Figure 3: Blast door, commonly installed to protect building openings.

Conven onal mi ga on solu ons involve installing blast-resistant doors (Figure 3). Blast-resistant doors are specialty doors, built of very thick and heavy steel plates and sec ons, that cover such openings, in order to protect equipment and personnel within the building. The door and frame system is typically engineered to resist specified blast loadings. THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

HEALTH & SAFETY ENGINEERING

SUMMARY In summary, the IPA was passed in October 2017, as part of the na on’s counter-terrorism strategy to keep Singapore safe and secure. It means selected buildings would have to go through a vigorous SBD process to incorporate security measures, upfront. This ar cle gives a flavour of some common mi ga on measures to protect buildings from explosions. It includes crea ng standoff distances, hardening of structural components and protec on of vulnerable openings. However, one should note that these common measures may not be applicable for all scenarios, as threats and protec on criteria are unique to each building. In many cases, it is o en necessary to combine several solu ons, to achieve full protec on. At mes, it would require the industry to innovate and offer new protec ve technologies that are more effec ve and economical. REFERENCES [1] Ministry of Home Affairs (1 June 2017): ‘Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2017’, Press Release. Retrieved from: h ps://www.mha.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/Pages/Singapore-Terrorism-Threat-Assessment-Report-2017.aspx

[2] Ministry of Home Affairs (11 September 2017): ‘Infrastructure Protec on Bill 2017’, Press Release. Retrieved from: h ps://www.mha.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/Pages/ Infrastructure-Protec on-Bill-2017.aspx [3] Zaihan Mohamed Yusof (5 October 2017): ‘Industry welcomes new law to protect buildings against a acks’, The Straits Times. Retrieved from: h p://www.straits mes.com/singapore/courts-crime/industry-welcomes-new-law-to-protectbuildings-against-a acks [4] Ministry of Home Affairs (2010): ‘Guidelines for Enhancing Building Security in Singapore’. [5] Paul Forman et al (2009): ‘Vehicle-borne threats and the principles of hos le vehicle mi ga on’, Blast effects on buildings, 2nd Edi on. [6] Security Council Report (February 2017): ‘Counter-Terrorism: Protec on of Cri cal Infrastructure’. Retrieved from:h p:// www.securitycouncilreport.org/monthly-forecast/2017-02/ counter- terrorism_protec on_of_cri cal_infrastructure.php [7] C K Ang et al (2016): ‘Design and tes ng of a crash bollard system’, ‘The Singapore Engineer’, December 2016. (This is the first of a series of three ar cles on the protec on of cri cal infrastructure, authored by Prostruct, for publica on in ‘The Singapore Engineer’).

Preliminary programme for CIPRA 2018 announced The preliminary programme for the conference on Cri cal Infrastructure Protec on and Resilience Asia 2018 (CIPRA 2018), including Cri cal Informa on Infrastructure Protec on, has been announced. The event will be held at the Waterfront Hotel, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia from 17 to 19 July 2018. CIPRA 2018 is organised with Na onal Cyber Security Agency of Malaysia (NACSA) as Strategic Partner and in partnership with CyberSecurity Malaysia. A highlight of the conference is a one-day specialised training workshop on ‘Cyber Defense Strategies: Tools, Techniques, Response and Procedures’, hosted by CyberSecurity Malaysia. Confirmed speakers include Ir. Md Shah Nuri Md Zain, Chief Execu ve, Na onal Cyber Security Agency (NACSA), Malaysia; Oliver Carlos G Odulio, VP, Head of Asset Protec on & Risk Management, PLDT Inc, Philippines; Dato Dr Chai Khin Chung, Director, State Security Unit, Sarawak, Malaysia; Dato’ Dr Haji Amirudin Bin Abdul Wahab, Chief Execu ve Officer, CyberSecurity Malaysia; Franz-Josef Schneiders, Head of Division, Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, Germany; Tim Norton, Global Market Director, Ports & Borders, Smiths Detec on, UK; Ian Yip, Chief Technology Officer, Asia Pacific, McAfee, Australia; J P Dunning, Principal Security Consultant, APAC Lead for Foundstone Services, McAfee, Australia; Nur Iylia Roslan, Researcher, Cybersecurity Malaysia; Ir. VR Harindran, Sr Custodian, I&C, Mechanical & Process Sec on, Group Technical Solu ons, PETRONAS; Kenneth Chen, Managing Director, ASEAN, Symantec Asia Pacific, Singapore; Elli Pagourtzi, Project Manager, Center for Security Studies (KEMEA), Hellenic Ministry of Interior, Greece; Henry Ee, Chairman for Asia Chapter, Business Con nuity Ins tute; Dato’ Dr Haji Amirudin Bin Abdul Wahab, Chief Execu ve Officer, CyberSecurity Malaysia; Katja Kiukas, Product Manager, Environics Oy, Finland; Norhamadi bin Ja’affar, Senior Execu ve, CyberSecurity Malaysia; Nur Iylia Roslan, Researcher, Cybersecurity Malaysia, as well as a Senior Representa ve from Sarawak Energy, and a Senior Representa ve from Malaysia Cyber Security Centre, Universi Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia. More informa on on CIPRA 2018 can be obtained from h p://www.cip-asia.com.

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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING OF SINGAPORE’S CONSTRUCTION WORKMANSHIP QUALITY STANDARDS by Prof Low Sui Pheng, Department of Building, School of Design & Environment, Na onal University of Singapore An extensive interna onal workmanship quality benchmarking exercise was ini ated by the Building and Construc on Authority (BCA) in 2000, involving Sydney and Hong Kong. Based on BCA’s Construc on Quality Assessment System (CONQUAS), its aim is to compare Singapore’s workmanship quality vis-à-vis that of other major ci es. Since then, the study has covered London, Melbourne, Paris, Shanghai and Tokyo. The fi h exercise, which took place in Melbourne and London, concluded in 2017, with the author as an independent validator. The ar cle provides a descrip on of the study as well as an analysis of the results. Prof Low Sui Pheng

Introduc on Following its introduc on in 1989, the Building and Construc on Authority’s (BCA) Construc on Quality Assessment System (CONQUAS) has evolved to become the de facto na onal yards ck for evalua ng workmanship quality in buildings (Low and Ong, 2014). CONQUAS was introduced at a me when the Singapore economy was being transformed from that of a developing na on to that of a developed na on, with growing aspira ons for a be er quality built environment. Issues rela ng to construc on workmanship quality standards have also become increasingly relevant, in recent years, as more Singaporeans invest in overseas proper es, in countries such as Australia, Japan and the UK. Hence, it is useful to benchmark Singapore’s construc on quality with that in other countries, to learn about best prac ces for con nuous improvement in the local industry (Low and Seet, 2011) as well as to provide some helpful guidance to Singaporean property investors. It is with this background that several interna onal benchmarking exercises were conducted, to compare Singapore’s workmanship quality vis-à-vis that of other major ci es, primarily in developed countries. The ci es include Hong Kong, London, Melbourne, Paris, Shanghai, Sydney and Tokyo. The interna onal benchmarking exercise first started in 2000, with Sydney and Hong Kong. The recently concluded fi h interna onal quality benchmarking exercise was conducted by BCA, in London and Melbourne, between 2013 and 2017, with the author present as an independent validator. The objec ves of the interna onal benchmarking study are to: 26

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

• Compare architectural workmanship quality in residenal buildings. • Examine architectural workmanship standards and prac ces adopted. • Iden fy areas (work methods, materials and processes) for improvement. The study focused on high-end and mid-range residen al markets, overseas, which have global appeal, and excluded projects in the mass market. Projects in the mass market were excluded because it is inherently diﬃcult to compare workmanship expecta ons of popula ons in diﬀerent countries, in such projects. In selec ng high-end and mid-range projects for study, the respec ve contractors had to have similar standing and reputa ons, within their respec ve ci es, insofar as workmanship quality was concerned. The choice of projects was also dependent on their being completed at the me of the study visit, as well as on the developers’ willingness to allow BCA to assess their projects. High-end projects are generally located in prime residenal loca ons and come with full condominium facili es and luxurious high-end finishes. The construc on cost of high-end projects is typically more than SGD 300 psf. On the other hand, mid-range projects, with full condominium facili es, are located typically in the suburban areas. The construc on cost of such mid-range projects is between SGD 150 psf and SGD 300 psf.

Benchmarking methodology The interna onal benchmarking study used the Sixth Edion of CONQUAS for measurement, in order to compute

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

the scores, based on the same defect level weightage. Whenever possible, samples, represen ng about 15% to 25% of the total units, were selected for measurement.

QUAS assessment team. For consistency, the two BCA assessors for the Melbourne leg of the study also assessed the London project.

The Melbourne benchmarking exercise took place in February 2016, where a high-rise residen al building (Project M-B) was assessed by two BCA assessors, with the author present as an independent validator. Another high-rise residen al building (Project M-A) was assessed earlier by the same two BCA assessors, in late-2015, with the author, however, absent because of other commitments. Nevertheless, during the February 2016 exercise, the author took the opportunity to inspect Project M-A, to verify its status as a high-end residen al development project as well as to view the workmanship quality of its architectural finishes. The main exercise in February 2016 was to assess Project M-B, that was s ll under construc on, when the CONQUAS assessment team made the visit. Project M-B is a mid-range residen al project.

In March 2017, BCA made arrangements for the author to visit four residen al projects in Singapore to inspect their workmanship quality standards, in order to compare them with those for projects that had been assessed earlier in both Melbourne and London. The four projects that were assessed in Singapore are: Project S-A (high-end project), Project S-B (high-end project), Project S-C (mid-range project) and Project S-D (mid-range project).

The London benchmarking exercise took place in February 2017. Project L-A, developed by a Singapore-based company, was assessed for this purpose. Project L-A is a mid-range project. The residen al units assessed were nestled among ac ve, massive on-going construc on works, making safety concerns a priority for the CON-

City

London

Project

Brief details of these projects are summarised in Table 1. A complete CONQUAS assessment covers the three areas of architectural works, mechanical and electrical (M&E) works, and structural works. The benchmarking exercises in Melbourne and London were concentrated primarily on architectural finishes. This approach was adopted, given the immense logis cal hurdles faced in securing comparable residen al projects outside of Singapore for assessment over a short me period. Assessing structural works and/or M&E works would not only require a longer me-frame for comple on but would also raise safety and regulatory issues for the CONQUAS assessment

Descrip on

Type

Date of assessment and/or visit

Project L-A

Large scale residen al development adjoining River Thames for 3,385 homes when fully completed

Mid-range

February 2017*

Project M-A

One 30-storey block consis ng of 238 residen al units and 13 retail lots

High-end

December 2015+

Project M-B

One 47-storey block consis ng of 479 residen al units

Mid-range

February 2016*

Project S-A

381 units within 11 blocks of 12-storey condominium High-end

March 2017+

Project S-B

75 units within 2 blocks of 5-storey condominium

High-end

March 2017+

Project S-C

702 units within 8 blocks of 14 to 18-storey condominium

Mid-range

March 2017+

Project S-D

748 units within 6 blocks of 3-storey townhouses and Mid-range 23 blocks of 5-storey condominium

March 2017+

Melbourne

Singapore

(*On-Going Construc on + Completed Projects) Table 1: Details Of Residen al Projects For Interna onal Quality Benchmarking.

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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

team from Singapore, in another country. In addi on, a shorter visit just to assess architectural works would also encourage overseas developers and other stakeholders to approve the site visits more readily, considering the inconvenience caused if the site visits were longer. Given the greater exposure of architectural works to the end-user, vis-à-vis structural works and M&E works, the focus on architectural works is also merited for this reason. This is also in line with the current Ninth Edi on of CONQUAS (2017), where a higher weightage, of up to 85%, is given to architectural works for private housing. In all the benchmarking exercises, the CONQUAS assessment for architectural works was distributed over all the diﬀerent loca ons within an apartment unit, including the kitchen (open concept), bedrooms, living room, dining room, and toilets. The completed M&E fi ngs component was also given a score. Apart from physical inspec ons conducted, both within the apartment (Figure 1) and outside the building (Figure 2), mee ngs were

also conducted with the site staﬀ and consultants (Figure 3), to be er understand local quality and cost issues related to the project.

Benchmarking results The CONQUAS scores from the selected Singapore projects and average scores of projects completed in the same segment in Singapore for 2016 were analysed and compared against those assessed for Melbourne and London. A comparison of the common defects found in Melbourne and London is shown in Table 2. In Singapore, presence of these common defects nega vely aﬀects the workmanship quality assessment and thus the overall CONQUAS score for the project. The common defects found in Melbourne and London must, however, be viewed from the local workmanship quality standards specified in these ci es, which might be more or less stringent than those in Singapore. A comparison of the workmanship quality standards in Defect category

Wall Figure 1: Assessment inside the apartment.

Component

Figure 2: Assessment of external walls.

Melbourne

London

Misalignment of les

Gaps on wood flooring

Uneven wall

Patchiness on wall

Squareness of wall not achieved

Uneven led flooring

Poor join ng on skir ng

Chipped floor le

Crack on wall le

Chip on door

Damaged wardrobe

Poor join ng and gap at kitchen cabinet

Poor join ng: between diﬀerent components, at windows, and between kitchen cabinet and wall

Damaged wardrobe

Damaged kitchen cabinet door

Damaged kitchen cabinet

Scratch marks on window frame

Misalignment of electrical fi ngs

Missing screws

Table 2: Common defects observed.

Figure 3: On-site discussions on quality management.

Singapore, Melbourne and London is shown in Table 3. To facilitate comparison of the standards adopted in the three ci es, only quan fiable tolerances were compared in Table 3. It appears that while certain specifica ons called for more stringent tolerances in Melbourne and London, the end results in Singapore were actually better. This might be due to the more conscien ous eﬀorts put in by Singapore’s builders, because they know that THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

their works are subjected to CONQUAS assessment and the opinions of more demanding as well as outspoken home buyers in Singapore. The aggregated comparison across Singapore, Melbourne and London is shown in Figure 4. In the high-end segment, Singapore’s workmanship quality standard was ranked the highest. Underlining its consistency, Singapore also attained the same top ranking, when using the average scores of five other highend private housing projects completed in 2016. The results showed that for projects in the high-end segment, Singapore’s CONQUAS score was 13 points higher than that for a similar high-end project in Melbourne. In the mid-range segment, the workmanship quality standard of Singapore also a ained top ranking. Again, underlining its consistency, Singapore a ained the same top ranking, when using the average score of five other mid-range private housing projects completed in 2016. The results showed that for projects in the midrange segment, Singapore’s CONQUAS scores were 11.8 points and 14.4 points higher than those for similar mid-range projects in Melbourne and London, respec vely. The higher CONQUAS scores observed in Singapore were generally a ributed to the lower non-compliances observed in rela on to floors, internal walls, ceilings, doors, windows, components, and M&E fi ngs, most notably, in high-end projects.

Figure 4: Comparisons between Singapore, Melbourne and London.

Figure 5: Internal finishes and M&E fi ngs in high-end projects for Singapore and Melbourne.

Item

Singapore

London (Mid-range)

Melbourne (Mid-range)

Melbourne (High-end)

Ver cality of wall

< 6mm in 2m

+/- 5mm

< 4mm in 1.8m

< 5mm in 1.8m

Evenness of floor & wall surface (Tile & Stone installa on)

< 3mm in 1.2m

+/-3mm on 2m straight edge

< 4mm in 2m

Squareness of wall

< 4mm in 300mm

External angle 4mm in 300mm Internal angle 5mm in 300mm

< 4mm in 1.8m

< 5mm in 1.8m

Door Installa on

Max. 5mm gap all round Max. plumb < 3mm

Gap < 8mm

Consistent gaps (visual inspec on)

Gap > 2mm or < 5mm

Note: More stringent requirements in bold/italic Table 3: Comparison of workmanship quality standards. 30

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

The CONQUAS scores obtained from the assessments in Melbourne and London were ‘par al CONQUAS scores’ because these were derived from the architectural works and M&E fi ngs component scores. It is postulated that these par al scores would be lower than the full CONQUAS scores because the structural component scores, which are usually higher, had been excluded. Generally, based on past experiences, a par al CONQUAS score of 76 points would approximately translate to a full score of 80 points. In the high-end segment, Singapore was ranked higher, in par al CONQUAS scores, than Melbourne. The diﬀerence in scores between Singapore and Melbourne is a significant 13 points, with Singapore obtaining an overall score of 91.1. Singapore a ained the same top ranking, using the average par al CONQUAS scores of five other high-end private housing projects completed in 2016. Singapore’s average par al CONQUAS score of 87.6 was 9.5 points above that for Melbourne. In the mid-range segment, the workmanship quality of

Singapore was also ranked at the top, in the benchmarking study. Singapore’s overall score of 90.6 was notably 11.8 points and 14.4 points above that for Melbourne and London, respec vely. The breakdown of non-compliances observed in Singapore and Melbourne for high-end projects, categorised by building element, is shown in Figure 5. This shows Singapore topping in the quality of architectural workmanship compared to Melbourne. Singapore also has the lowest percentages of non-compliance in all the seven building elements considered. The breakdown of non-compliances observed in Singapore, Melbourne and London for mid-range projects, categorised by building element, is shown in Figure 6. In the mid-range segment, Singapore has the lowest percentages of non-compliance in five building elements considered, except those for ceilings and M&E fi ngs, which are marginally higher than those for Melbourne and London. Comparing the non-compliances for ceilings, in Singapore, Melbourne and London, the percentage diﬀerence is only marginal - at between 2% and 7%.

Figure 6: Internal finishes and M&E fi ngs in mid-range projects for Singapore, Melbourne and London.

Figure 7: Interna onal benchmarking results from 2000 to 2017 for high-end projects.

In terms of design and detailing, it was observed that the area covered by wall les, in wet areas in Melbourne, does not extend to just below the ceiling. This serves to avoid problems in connec ng two diﬀerent materials and this helped to reduce non-compliances by 10%. In London, the joints between the ceiling and wall les were covered by silicone instead of grout. Hence, this not only yielded a smoother finish but also served to cover up imperfec ons like inconsistent gap widths. There were also more finishing defects like patchiness, lumps, brush strokes, etc, locally, compared to the finishing in Melbourne and London. The higher incidence of such defects in Singapore could be due to the lower skills of workers employed in the local construc on industry. The percentage diﬀerence in the non-compliance of M&E fi ngs, comparing Singapore, Melbourne and London, is a mere 0.1% to 3%. Defects rela ng to gaps/joints and misalignment of M&E fi ngs observed in Melbourne and London were similar to those observed in Singapore, except that there was a lower incidence of such defects overseas. One plausible reason for this is the a rac ve remunera on for electricians and plumbers who are among THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

the highest paid tradesmen in Melbourne and London. The a rac ve remunera on served to ensure be er finishes compared to the output of their peers in Singapore, who operated within a low-wage environment. It appears that firms overseas, oﬀering such services are more quality conscious and are supported by higher skilled workers delivering be er finishes.

Conclusion The results of the interna onal benchmarking exercise, conducted between 2000 and 2017, for high-end projects, are shown in Figure 7. The results suggest that Singapore’s workmanship quality, based on equivalent average baselines and selected projects, has always been be er than those achieved by overseas ci es, except for Tokyo, in 2010. The key findings from the more recent benchmarking exercises in Melbourne and London include the following: • Singapore’s workmanship quality for both high-end and mid-range residen al buildings is be er than that for Melbourne and London. The results show that for projects in the high-end segment, Singapore’s CONQUAS score was 13 points higher than that for the similar high-end project in Melbourne. The results also showed that for projects in the mid-range segment, Singapore’s CONQUAS scores were 11.8 points and 14.4 points higher than those for similar mid-range projects in Melbourne and London, respec vely. • Some of the materials used in the overseas projects such as, for example, drywall and engineered wood flooring, are also similarly used in Singapore. However, there appears to be more conscien ous efforts taken by Singapore developers in reducing defects, in order to avoid complaints from demanding home owners. • There is also the likelihood that different na onali es of home buyers have different percep ons of workmanship quality defects. • Although the CONQUAS score for the project in London is lower than that for the corresponding project in Singapore, there are also good prac ces adopted in London, that can be considered for adop on in Singapore. These include the use of precast concrete facade walls with sandwiched elements and the use of high-gloss lacquered kitchen cabinet doors. To ensure that the benchmarking assessments were properly conducted, as the independent validator, the author had also, on separate and random occasions, tested and sa sfactorily audited the veracity of the recordings, by asking both the BCA assessors to confirm where the specific defects were found within the residen al units. The author was able to verify that both BCA assessors were able to detect defects which a layman with untrained eyes would normally not no ce. As an independent validator, the author was sa sfied that the interna onal CONQUAS benchmarking exercises in Melbourne and London were conducted in a very professional, thorough, consistent, careful and rigorous manner. 32

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

The interna onal benchmarking exercises also revealed some interes ng observa ons rela ng to cultural responses to workmanship quality in other ci es. For example, non-uniformity in the colour tone of natural stone les, as laid, does not seem to be a concern in Melbourne. On the other hand, the UK has tradi onally preferred using bricks for external walls, even though this may not be produc ve. On a posi ve note, the stakeholders in both Melbourne and London were also keen to learn more about CONQUAS, with a view to enhancing their own workmanship quality standards. To reiterate, there are also lessons that can be learned from the interna onal benchmarking exercise, where good prac ces are concerned. In London, for example, the builder used precast concrete façade walls with sandwiched elements including bricks, metal framework, glass and ven la on fi ngs. This appears to result in faster assembly on site and higher quality, as claimed by the builder. The project in London also used high-gloss lacquer kitchen cabinet doors. This yielded more rounded edges without sharp corners and no visible joints. With more game-changing technologies being used for buildings, such as the use of precast concrete façade walls in London and Melbourne, the assessment criteria for workmanship quality would also need to evolve, to keep in tandem with these developments. This is especially so with the greater use of Prefabricated Bathroom Units (PBUs), Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construc on (PPVC) and Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) etc, an cipated in the near future. In conclusion, CONQUAS has certainly come a long way, following its introduc on in 1989. Since then, numerous countries have looked to CONQUAS as the basis for developing their own assessment systems. Some of these assessment systems include the Performance Assessment Scoring System (PASS) in Hong Kong, the Quality Assessment System in Construc on (Qlassic) in Malaysia, and the Construc on Quality Management Assessment System (CQMAS) in South Korea. The interna onal benchmarking findings presented in this ar cle should be of interest to these countries, so that they can similarly posi on their own systems vis-à-vis interna onal best prac ces for workmanship quality assessment standards, an area in which BCA is uniquely leading the way.

Acknowledgements The assistance provided by Mr Tan Boon Kee, Mr Goh Thiam Lai and Mr Wong Chee Hong, from BCA, for the interna onal benchmarking study, is gratefully acknowledged. References Low S P and Ong J (2014): ‘Project Quality Management. Cri cal success factors for buildings’, Springer. Low S P and K Seet (2011): ‘Enhancing construc on quality through TQM’, The Singapore Engineer, The Ins tu on of Engineers Singapore, April 2011, pp 16-22.

ENVIRONMENT & WATER ENGINEERING

CLEARING THE AIR by Charissa Tang and Tan Shengyang, Na onal Environment Agency To improve ambient air quality, ac on is underway to reduce diesel emissions and other vehicular pollu on The use of diesel in transport has come under increasing scru ny in recent years, as concerns about its impact on air quality and health have grown, following several studies and news reports on the harmful eﬀects of diesel emissions and the high-profile Volkswagen scandal of 2015. As a result, changes are needed to support air quality improvements and to reduce emissions.

Fuel for concern While governments around the world had previously touted the green benefits of diesel vehicles due to their higher fuel eﬃciency, and consequen ally, the lower levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) they produce, governments have since U-turned following a report by the Interna onal Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which announced that diesel exhaust emissions are carcinogenic to humans. Addi onally, diesel vehicles were found to be the key contributor to poor air quality in many ci es, such as London and Paris, due to the high emission of par culate ma er (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Inhaled PM and NOx can cause severe health eﬀects. In the short term, PM can cause decreased lung func on, respiratory symptoms and heart a acks, while in the long term, PM can cause chronic bronchi s, stroke and premature death. NOx can cause increased risk of respiratory infec on and impair lung func ons in asthma cs. According to the European Environment Agency, NOx pollu on is responsible for tens of thousands of early deaths across Europe. In addi on, NOx also combines with hydrocarbons (HCs) to form ground-level ozone— a chief component of smog, which severely reduces air quality.

Interna onal ac on Other recent studies by interna onal bodies and governments have discovered that, even before the recent Volkswagen emissions scandal, on-road emissions of diesel vehicles—NOx from light vehicles in par cular— were significantly higher than reported test results even at higher Euro VI standards. Reports also indicate that diesel vehicles are less suited for urban driving condions, as the start-stop condi ons of urban driving can clog the diesel par culate filter, leading to higher maintenance requirements. This is exacerbated by poor driver behaviour, which raises the emissions of diesel vehicles. 34

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

These can lead to unfortunate health eﬀects in an urban environment. Governments around the world have iden fied diesel vehicles as a key source of poor urban air quality, and are taking steps to curb its use as part of measures to tackle urban air pollu on. For example, the mayors of ci es like Paris, Mexico City, Madrid and Athens have recently announced that their ci es will ban the use of all diesel vehicles by 2025. Other ci es, such as London, have imposed Ultra- Low Emission Zones to limit diesel vehicles in its city centre.

The local fleet In Singapore, there is concern about the impacts of diesel vehicles on air quality. The Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR), together with the Na onal Environment Agency (NEA) embarked on a study on pollu on from diesel vehicles in Singapore. The study found that while diesel vehicles make up only 20 per cent of Singapore’s vehicle popula on, they account for 99 per cent of PM and 84 per cent of ozone stemming from vehicular pollu on. The study iden fied two vehicle groups of concern: commercial vehicles and buses, and diesel cars. Commercial vehicles and buses comprise the majority of the diesel vehicle popula on in Singapore. More than half of the commercial vehicle and bus popula on are of the older Pre-Euro/Euro I/II/III emissions standards, and are the largest contributors to pollu on. It was also found that diesel cars were the fastest growing group of diesel vehicles, increasing by three mes between 2013 and 2015.

A cleaner slate To reduce pollu on from diesel commercial vehicles and buses, and encourage the takeup of cleaner cars, NEA and the Land Transport Authority (LTA) have implemented the Early Turnover Scheme (ETS) and Vehicular Emissions Scheme (VES) respec vely. These schemes encourage individuals and companies to choose greener vehicle technologies, or cleaner diesel models where alterna ves are not available. The Ministry of Finance (MOF) also announced in February 2017 the implementa on of a volumetric diesel duty. This will hopefully shi the basis of taxa on on diesel vehicles towards usage and be er encourage users to reduce diesel emissions.

ENVIRONMENT & WATER ENGINEERING

In addi on, NEA introduced new regula ons on diesel fuel composi on on 1 January 2017. The stricter Euro VI emission standards for new diesel vehicles also kicked in from 1 January 2018. All these measures, together with NEA’s enforcement against smokey vehicles and idling engines, will reduce diesel vehicular emissions.

Other ac ons against vehicular emissions Apart from policies against diesel emissions, NEA con nues to work towards reducing emissions from petrol vehicles. Petrol vehicles produce higher levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and CO2 than diesel vehicles. While Singapore’s ambient CO levels are within the WHO Air Quality Guidelines, further reduc ons in CO emissions would benefit the environment and human health.

Photo: Fredrik Rubensson

Many ci es worldwide suﬀer from air pollu on from vehicular sources.

NEA introduced new regula ons on the composi on of petrol fuel on 1 January 2017 and has mandated, since 1 September 2017, that new petrol vehicles comply to Euro VI emission standards. To reduce pollu on from exis ng vehicles, the CO limits have been lowered for newer petrol vehicles and motorcycles from 1 April 2018. In addi on, HC limits were also introduced for all in-use petrol vehicles and most motorcycles. It is an cipated the revised standards will result in emissions reduc ons of up to 55 per cent and 51 per cent for CO and HC respec vely for in-use petrol vehicles and motorcycles. HC is a precursor to ozone, and both CO and ozone are known to cause nausea, impair vigilance and respiratory func ons. A new high idle test and lambda measurement will also be introduced for newer in-use petrol vehicles (excluding motorcycles) to detect defec ve components, such as sensors and catalysts, which could result in higher emissions. These test measures are in line with the latest interna onal standards and prac ces. To help iden fy and raise awareness of cleaner vehicle op ons, MEWR also commissioned a study on Cleaner Alterna ve Technologies to Diesel for New Vehicles in Singapore by the Singapore University of Technology and Design. The study iden fied feasible green technologies for most vehicle types that consumers and businesses can choose over diesel technologies. The adop on of green vehicle technologies and solu ons would require financial and infrastructural investments which will be reviewed together with other agencies and stakeholders in future.

Health eﬀects of some common vehicle-borne pollutants PM2.5

PM2.5 can cause serious health eﬀects at relavely low concentra ons. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 can cause decreased lung func on, the development of chronic bronchi s, stroke and premature death while short-term exposure can cause a range of eﬀects, including decreased lung func on, increased respiratory symptoms and heart a acks.

PM10

PM10 can cause respiratory impairment and aggravate exis ng respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Individuals with heart or lung disease, as well as the elderly and children, are most sensi ve to the eﬀects of PM10.

NO2

Nitrogen dioxide increases the risk of respiratory infec on and impairs lung func ons in asthma cs.

Carbon monoxide deprives body ssues of oxygen and causes nausea and impairs vigilance.

Ozone

Excessive ozone in the air can impair resp ratory func ons.

This ar cle previously appeared in Issue 12 of the Na onal Environment Agency’s ENVISION Magazine. To read more about these and other topics, please visit: h p://www.nea. gov.sg/training-knowledge/publica ons/envision-magazine THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

SINGAPORE ENTRY WINS FIRST PRIZE IN FERRY DESIGN COMPETITION The innova on is in reducing costs whilst conforming to the highest safety standards. SolarJet, designed by the Singapore Collabora ve Team, won the First Prize in the Fi h Design Compe on for a Safe and Aﬀordable Ferry, organised by the World Ferry Safety Associa on (WFSA). The 2018 Design Compe on focused on designing a ferry carrying 300 passengers and crew, which can traverse the highly congested Singapore Strait and access terminals in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The Singapore Collabora ve Team comprised representa ves from three academic ins tu ons in Singapore Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore Management University (SMU) and Newcastle University in Singapore. The team included Marcus Teo Tze Kang, from NTU, as captain; Jaylen Li, from SMU, and Ong Yong Kit, from NTU, as team members; and Dr Ivan Tam and Dr Arun Dev, both from Newcastle University in Singapore, as faculty advisors.

The design envisages the use of aluminium steel alloy for the construc on of the hull, in order to achieve maximum stability, whilst minimising material assembly cost as well as providing a strong and light-weight skeletal core. This increased stability would allow the ferry to operate ballast-free, as well as reduce maintenance fees and lifecycle costs. The aerodynamic design of the ferry will reduce wind drag and resistance, allowing it to travel at faster speeds, without consuming too much fuel. Also, LED lights will be used inside the ferries, further reducing energy consump on.

The Singapore Mari me and Port Authority’s Mr Kevin Wong and the Safety Inspectorate team devised the specifica ons for the Singapore Strait ferry compe on. The Worldwide Ferry Safety Associa on is a not-for-profit organisa on, dedicated to bringing innova on in training methods, as well as use of technology to provide no fica on for sudden hazardous weather, curb overloading, and enhance marine rescue technology.

Cost-compe

SolarJet is a tri-mono hull, modern, yet aﬀordable ferry that u lises cu ng-edge technologies.

ve design

SolarJet is a tri-mono hull (mono hull below the waterline, but trimaran shaped at the waterline), modern, yet aﬀordable ferry that u lises cutng-edge technologies. The hull selec on was made a er a feasibility study of the environment along the straits between Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, where currents are generally less aggressive. A hard chine hull form was selected, with the geometry of the structure simplified, to enable the produc on of the ferry in less sophis cated shipyards. 36

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

The Singapore Collabora ve Team comprised, seated, from le , Ong Yong Kit, NTU (Team Member); Marcus Teo Tze Kang, NTU (Team Captain); and Jaylen Li, SMU (Team Member). Standing, from le , are Faculty Advisors Dr Arun Dev and Dr Ivan Tam, both from Newcastle University in Singapore.

MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

Propulsion Diesel is the fuel source, which is supplemented by solar power generated by a huge malleable screen on top of the vessel. The giant screen doubles as an augmented reality screen showing man-made visuals when not needed for solar power genera on. Medium-speed diesel engines will be used to reduce opera ng cost. The triple waterjet engine arrangement for the propulsion system helps to increase eﬃciency and provide a wider opera ng power range, while also reducing noise pollu on.

Naviga on Naviga on is assisted by azipods, as well as by bow and stern thrusters. The azipods will help manoeuvrability, as they are able to rotate 360°, and they also help to reduce fuel consump om. The bow and stern thrusters, on both sides of the ferry, will help the ferries dock more easily and reduce the docking me needed. Organic Light Emi ng Diode (OLED) screens in the wheelhouse will assist naviga on through visuals indicating incoming ships and weather pa erns. This is made possible by modern sensors communica ng with one another, as part of the Internet of Things (IoT).

Safety features Owing to the loca on of key ports in the region, the straits between Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia are busy areas, with a high density of boats, which emphasises the importance of safety in the design of the ferry. The Singapore Collabora ve Team have designed the

ferry, such that it can con nue opera ons even under adverse condi ons. The design, construc on and ou i ng of the ferry will comply with the requirements of the Interna onal Conven on for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). These include the provision of two-way radiotelephone systems, radar transponders, rocket parachute flares, two-way emergency communica on systems, emergency alarm system, public address system, life jackets, life buoys and portable fire ex nguishers. Passenger-sea ng will be spread out evenly across the ferry for increased stability. There will also be foldable chairs to make way for wheelchairs if there is a need for addi onal space. Adequate numbers of fire-safety equipment like hoses and ex nguishers, will be placed all around the ferry, for easy access. Furthermore, areas with heavy machinery will be protected with an extra layer of insula on, as an addi onal safety measure. The life-jackets will be stored under each seat, while the life buoys will be located on the side of the hulls. Also, the staircase follows a ‘two by two’ forma on, to enable speedy evacua on. There will also be smoke detectors that will trigger fire alarms, in case of such events. The ample spaces at both the front and the back of the ferry can be used for marshalling purposes and to facilitate faster evacua on. The installed PA systems can be used to guide the passengers. The en re ferry will also have night lights as well as lights that line the walkways to aid passengers walking back to their seats at night. The OLED screen at the wheelhouse can also generate an SOS signal, if needed. Further adjustments can be done on the OLED screen to incorporate night vision.

Length (m)

Mass of Fuel (tonnes)

Beam (m)

Deadweight (tonnes)

56.15

Max Draught/ Dra (m)

Lightweight (tonnes)

323.85

Min Draught/Dra (m)

1.79

Passengers

300

Total Height (m)

Crew

Speed (knots)

Number of Engines

Block Coeﬃcient

0.57

Power output of each Engine (kW)

720

Displacement (tonnes)

380

Number of waterjets

Mass of passengers and crew (tonnes)

Mass of hand carried and checked-in luggage (tonnes)

Mass of wheelchairs, strollers and bicycles (tonnes) Stores (tonnes)

1.15 10

Specifica ons for the ferry THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

There will be four doors, two on each side of the ferry, to allow for docking on either side. There will be two gangways to facilitate the embarka on and disembarka on of all passengers, and for their quick evacua on in emergencies. The malleable screen at the top will double up as a solar panel and as an augmented reality screen to heighten customer experience.

The ferry will have sliding windows. In the open posi on, they will provide ven la on, while in the closed posi on, they will provide protec on to the vessel, under stormy weather condi ons. Passengers can go to the bow of the boat to enjoy the views. Doors on both sides of the ferry, will permit easy access.

Specially designed power-saving light orbs will ensure that light is distributed well throughout the cabin. The viewing gallery at the back will also allow good views. The three, low-noise, waterjet engines will be placed at the back to propel the boat forward. 38

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

CYBER SECURITY HAS BECOME A HOT TOPIC by Ms Elisa Cassi, Product Manager - Cyber Security, Marine & Oﬀshore, Lloyd’s Register As we have seen over the past year, the marine and energy industries are far from being immune to cyber-a acks and security breaches, and the consequences can be far-reaching. One of the key challenges associated with increased automation and digitalisation is the vulnerability to cyber-attack, and as industries continue to invest in digital systems, the risk will only increase. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is revolutionising shipping and offshore energy, bringing with it a new era - the ‘cyber-enabled’ ship. Today’s leading manufacturers and ship operators want to innovate, using the latest ICT systems, going beyond traditional engineering to create ships with enhanced monitoring, communication and connection capabilities - ships that can be accessed by remote onshore services, anytime and anywhere. The rapid evolution in the use of, and reliance upon, digital and communication technologies, as well as the advances in automation and the potential for integration of multiple electronic systems, increase the importance of addressing inherent vulnerabilities. Ships are becoming increasingly complex and dependent on the use of digital and communication technologies. In line with increased connectivity comes a new need to implement secure technology and processes to mitigate threats to operational technology (OT). IT and OT used to be separated by numerous human-centred processes, allowing for an incremental approach to cyber IT security. As the boundaries of autonomous systems extend, these ‘fire walls’ are disappearing and cyber security must be considered with the utmost importance as a fundamental component in the risk profile of critical assets that are connected. Compromise of a ship’s systems may lead to various unwanted and harmful outcomes at an individual ship or fleet level, for example, physical harm to the system or shipboard personnel or cargo - the worst case scenario being risk to life and/or loss of the ship; disruptions caused by the ship no longer functioning or sailing as intended; loss of sensitive information, including commercially sensitive or personal data; and permitting criminal activity, including kidnap, piracy, fraud, theft of cargo and imposition of ransomware. Poor security could also lead to potential financial 40

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Ms Elisa Cassi

loss or penalties, loss of customer and/or industry confidence, reputational damage, and even litigation. Cyber security however, is not just about preventing hackers gaining access to systems and information that can potentially result in loss of confidentiality and/or control. It is also about addressing the maintenance of integrity and availability of information and systems, ensuring business continuity and the continuing utility of digital assets and systems. Cyber systems transform a ship into a total system of interlinked systems (a system of systems). While cyber systems are not exact substitutes for traditional electro-mechanical systems on board ships and their operators, they provide opportunities to combine these traditional components with more complex behaviour. When designed properly, the use of ICT can increase efficiency and safety through improved monitoring and communication, and greater situational awareness on the bridge, in the engine room and in other operational areas. Specifically, cyber systems impact ships by interconnecting systems through computer networks; integrating systems; creating layers of embedded and/or application software that separate the operator and the ship; changing the role of the operator to a manager of many linked, complex systems; shifting the operator’s perception of the ship and its environment, to one defined by human-machine interfaces; enhancing the ability and efficiency of the crew, or changing the organisation of work, through automation; and creating the potential to remotely monitor and change the operation of the ship using a wide range of data, from anywhere in the world. Ship-based cyber systems include navigation systems, including electronic charts, global positioning systems (GPS), and dynamic positioning systems (DPS); radar and automatic identification systems (AIS); communications systems, including radio communications (terrestrial and satellite), data communications [broadband, Voice over IP (VOIP), internet access and e-mail]; integrated bridge systems; control systems for the wide range of electro-mechanical systems on

MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

board ships, such as main engine, generators, ballast tanks, life support, fuel and oil pumps, water- ght doors, fire alarms and controls, cargo hold fans and environmental controls; as well as equipment used by charterers, such as survey equipment (sonar and seismic survey systems, for example), wireless access points, IP ports and wireless phones. Because a cyber-enabled ship consists of mul ple, interconnected systems, and because of the rapid pace of technology development, assuring that a cyber-enabled ship will be safe cannot be prescrip ve, and cannot rely on knowledge gained from previous systems. Instead, it requires a ‘total systems’ approach - one that takes account of all the diﬀerent systems on board and on

shore, how they are designed and installed, how they connect and how they will be managed. This is the approach that Lloyd’s Register (LR) takes, applying a non-prescrip ve, risk-based process from the earliest concept stage, through on-board integra on, to operaon. The approach is based on extensive experience of system design and installa on on board ships and other marine pla orms. ICT systems have the poten al to enhance safety, reliability and business performance, but there are numerous risks that need to be iden fied, understood and mi gated to make sure that technologies are safely integrated into ship design and opera ons. In February 2016, LR issued the first guidance on cyber-enabled ships - ‘Deploying Information and Com-

The marine & oﬀshore industry is moving towards the crea on and deployment of vessels with enhanced monitoring, communica on and connec on capabili es, and which can be accessed by remote onshore services, any me and anywhere. THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

munications Technology in Shipping - Lloyd’s Register’s Approach to Assurance’. This identified the elements that constitute a cyber-enabled ship and the activities that need to take place to ensure that cyber technology does not introduce a safety risk - effectively providing the industry with a route map to understanding the implications of digital technology. LR identified six key areas of risk that need to be considered and addressed, in order to assure the safety and dependability of cyber systems - the system, the human-system, software, network and communications, data assurance, and cyber security. Cyber security is a through-life issue that requires consideration, from project inception to asset disposal. In addition to its impact on system development, special consideration must be given to the education of all related staff and associated organisational culture. Incident response planning and the maintenance of an asset’s security status through timely, carefully-tested patching also need to be considered throughout an asset’s lifecycle. Cultural Risk Factors, specific to the maritime industry, need to also be considered and re-visited. These factors include low awareness of maritime cyber security, complexity of the maritime ICT environment, fragmented maritime governance context, inadequate consideration of cyber security in maritime regulation, lack of a holistic approach to maritime cyber risks, overall lack of direct economic incentives to implement good cyber security in the maritime sector, and slow regulatory change. By addressing the risks and building a safe and secure foundation, LR is helping ship operators to identify and then realise the benefits that are possible through digitalisation, as well as helping them prepare for forthcoming regulation. LR’s approach has already been applied to projects, working with leading industry players to make autonomous shipping a reality. LR worked with Rolls-Royce and Svitzer on the world’s first remotely controlled commercial vessel, and with CSSC on China’s first smart ship, ‘Great Intelligence’. LR has created cyber security requirements, as part of its guidance and procedure for cyber-enabled ships. The recently revised ‘Cyber-enabled ships: ShipRight procedure - autonomous ships’, which details LR’s framework for accepting cyber technology and was the industry’s first ShipRight procedure, now includes a Cyber SECURE descriptive note. This helps to raise the awareness of cyber security and recognises that cyber security has been assessed, in the context of design and build, and that an appropriate cyber security governance system is in place to mitigate the risk of introducing vulnerabilities to cyber-attack, or other unauthorised access, during the design, procurement, construction and installation of the cyber-enabled systems. This is complemented by 42

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

the newly released Type Approval Requirements for components within ‘Cyber Enabled Systems on board Ships - Procedure for Network and Network-related devices’. Providing all the benefits of traditional type approval, reassurance on supply chain quality and robustness within the marine environment, the new procedure also incorporates consideration of the functioning of a cyber-enabled system, including aspects such as cyber security. In addi on, a Cyber Secure programme has been developed, that consists of a set of consultancy services designed to help ship operators understand how cyber secure they are now and what level of security they want to achieve in future. Across the industry, there is s ll huge varia on in levels of awareness of and preparedness for the increasing role of cyber technologies and exposure to cyber security risks. Understanding the level of cyber readiness is the essen al first step to iden fying, mi ga ng and managing the risk. LR conducts readiness reviews to quan fy exis ng cyber capabili es and help develop strategies to maximise the benefits, whilst minimising the risks. Taking a ‘whole asset’ approach and looking at all the connected equipment, systems and so ware, both individually and in terms of their interac ons with, and poten al impact on, each other, LR can undertake a detailed technical assessment of the en re asset, iden fying theore cal cyber threats and vulnerabili es, and carry out prac cal interven ons, such as penetra on tes ng and ethical hacking, to ascertain the real, prac cal risks. This combined desk-based and prac cal work approach provides a robust, objec ve and fully quan fiable basis for developing a cyber security strategy. LR can also review the levels of cyber security readiness within oﬃces, and iden fy awareness and technical training needs. This assessment also allows for the iden fica on of the residual risks - those that cannot be reduced or avoided currently, and must therefore be understood, accepted or insured against. The cyber security landscape is a constantly changing one, as new threats and countermeasures emerge, so even with the best cyber security strategy in place, at some point you may suffer a breach. It is important to have in place robust incident response plans that can be deployed quickly and effectively. And it is vital that staff know what to do in the early stages of a cyber security threat. In fact, the greatest security vulnerabilities come from people. Ninety percent of cyber security incidents can be traced back to human error or intent. Good security outcomes are therefore underpinned by positive security behaviours, so training is vital to increase the overall awareness of cyber risks and ensure that the appropriate behaviours, awareness, attitudes and technical skills are embedded within a business.

MARINE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

DANFOSS OPENS APPLICATION

DEVELOPMENT CENTRE IN SINGAPORE The company’s range of technologies will help customers achieve energy efficiency. Danfoss, a key regional player in the energy efficiency space, recently unveiled its new office in Singapore and its latest Marine & Offshore Applica on Development Center (ADC). The new Singapore Office and ADC is an important milestone for Danfoss, as it increases its visibility in the Asia Pacific region where it has been ac ve, since 1983, and where it currently has 14 offices and facili es. “Our Marine Applica on Development Center will help increase innova on close to and with customers at system level, for the marine & offshore industry, to be er manage climate challenges in the industry”, said Mr Soren Kvorning, President, Danfoss Asia Pacific.

Performing the ribbon-cu ng to oﬃcially open the new Danfos oﬃce and the Singapore ADC are, from le , Mr Allan Jensen, Head of Asia Pacific Region, Danfoss Global Services; Her Excellency Mrs Dorte Bech Vizard, Danish Ambassador to Singapore; Mr Soren Kvorning, President, Danfoss Asia Pacific; and Mr Vikas Anand, Regional Head, Danfoss Asia Pacific.

The company has an array of technologies, including hybrid power solu ons, that will help to ensure eﬃcient shipping opera ons. With the new ADC, Danfoss is be er posi oned to inves gate, test, and demonstrate applica ons that can help designers as well as decision-makers, to learn and develop new applica ons and digital opportuni es, going beyond Singapore and into the region.

Singapore ADC

• Integra on & system performance tes ng, on behalf of customers who bring their own equipment to the ADC, such as motors, PLCs, sensors, ba ery systems etc. The Singapore ADC is equipped to perform tests on various customer applica ons as well as func onal tests on new applica ons, redundant solu ons, energy storage, grid converters and marine applica ons. The ADC is also specialised in se ng up tests for integrated solu ons.

With the opening of the new Applica on Development Center (ADC) in Singapore, Danfoss has added a fi h ADC to its worldwide por olio. The other applica on centres are in Tallahassee, Florida, USA; Nordborg, Denmark; Oragadam, India; and Haiyan, China.

Danfoss technology and solu ons

The ADC in Singapore will focus more on the marine & oﬀshore sector, for the benefit of the company’s customers, in the areas of training, product & applica on tes ng, and new solu ons development. The centre is equipped with tes ng units and demo units of VACON NXP Common DC Bus with an ac ve front-end.

Since 1968, variable speed drives have been the focus and core business of Danfoss. The merger of Danfoss and VACON, in 2014, has created one of the largest companies in the drives industry.

Key ac vi es at the centre will include: • Demonstra ng industry-leading applica on system solu ons. • Tes ng units under load condi ons. • Tes ng of drives and power conversion products, components and applica ons. • Exploring new system approaches with exis ng product mixes. • Accelera ng learning of new product & system solu ons.

Danfoss develops technology and solu ons that help to lower emissions and improve people’s health and comfort, in both indoor and outdoor environments, by op mising HVAC systems.

There are three en es opera ng independently under Danfoss. Danfoss Solar develops and produces solar inverters for SMA Solar Technology AG. Danfoss Silicon Power develops, produces and sells power modules to a wide range of industries. Holip serves the Chinese market. Danfoss is also a pioneer in hydrosta c transmission, as well as in the produc on of orbital motors and steering units. The company is also said to have introduced load-sensing propor onal valves with electronic controls. Today, seamless integra on of electronics and hydraulics is key to the company’s business. THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

IES UPDATE

PLACING TECHNOLOGY AT THE CORE OF WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH CULTURE IN SINGAPORE The Technology Enhanced Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Management Seminar welcomed about 120 par cipants to Holiday Inn @ Orchard City Centre on 23 March 2018, in view of the emphasis on technology to realise Singapore’s WSH2028 goals. Organised by the IES Health and Safety Engineering Technical Commi ee, the seminar featured experts who have embraced technologies to eliminate hazards and minimise risks across diﬀerent industries in Singapore. It exposed engineers and WSH professionals to the latest innova ve technologies, best prac ces and success cases to strengthen WSH competency and build collec ve ownership towards Singapore’s ‘Vision Zero’ movement. The event was organised to encourage pervasive use of technology, iden fied to be pivotal in achieving Singapore’s WSH2028 goal of reducing the na onal workplace fatality rate from 1.2 per 100,000 employed persons in 2017 to less than one per 100,000 employed workers before 2028. President of IES, Er. Edwin Khew, said, “In the next ten years, technology will con nue to play a prominent role in reducing human errors that cause workplace accidents. As many new technologies con nue to emerge to support WSH management, IES has organised this seminar to drive greater adop on of technological innova ons to promote the health and safety of employees at all levels in their organisa ons.”

Seminar speakers included Professor Chen I-Ming, NTU, on “Innova ons in Construc on Service Robo cs”; Mr Wilson Cho, FM One Management Pte Ltd, on “Adop ng Technologies for Integrated Workplace Safety Management in the Built Environment”; Dr Goh Yang Miang, NUS, on “Developing Safety Leading Indicators for Construc on Sites: A Machine Learning Approach”; Mr Marken Ang, Changi Airport Group, on “Managing Safety in Changi Airport Through the Use of Technology”; Mr Rudy Schalk, Rolls-Royce, on “Using Technology to Accelerate Our Journey to Zero Harm”; Mr Richard Koh, Microso Singapore, on “Amplifying Human Ingenuity with Intelligent Technology – to create a safer workplace”; and lastly, a group presenta on by Mr Jeﬀrey Wijaja Lowardi, Ms Abinaya Seenivasan, Ms Khairrunisa Bte Yahya and Mr Le Trung Hieu from NUS on “Using Computer Vision to Improve Construc on Safety – A Case Study”.

The seminar a racted about 120 par cipants.

Mr Richard Koh, Chief Technology Oﬃcer, Microso Singapore, fields a ques on from the audience. 44

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

IES UPDATE

LAUNCH OF ENGINEERING FEATS COFFEE TABLE BOOK On 7 April 2018, IES launched Engineering a First World – 50 Feats that Transformed Singapore, a book recoun ng first-person stories of engineers behind Singapore’s 50 greatest engineering feats. Mr Heng Chee How, Senior Minister of State, Prime Minister’s Oﬃce and Deputy Secretary-General, Na onal Trades Union Congress, graced the event held at the Na onal Library Building. The 240-page book oﬀers exclusive behind-the-scene looks into the many challenges that had confronted engineers behind the winning projects of the Engineering Feats @ IES-SG50 compe on. It presents inspira onal journeys of these unsung heroes whose work were chosen by the public to have made the greatest economic, infrastructural or societal impact to Singapore from 1965 to 2015. These stories are covered under seven main sec ons: Building Our Country, Moving Our People, Defending Our Na on, Greening Our Island, Enhancing Our Lives, Transforming Our Industries and Globalising Our Ci es. “We need good engineers to maintain and upgrade our infrastructure to meet the changing needs of our ageing popula on, and to keep on developing innova ve solu ons to our resource constraints. I hope this book will inspire our next genera on of engineers to meet future challenges, and take the profession to new heights,” said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong in the book’s foreword. “Through the book, IES aims to provide insights into the personal journeys of engineers whose work has transformed Singapore into a first world economy and given our people a high quality of life. We hope to ins l pride in

the profession and recognise these engineers’ eﬀorts in Singapore’s na on-building,” remarked IES President Er. Khew at the book’s launch. IES has begun distribu ng the book to all schools, ins tuons of higher learning and public libraries. Engineering Feats @ IES-SG50 was a na onwide compe on organised by IES and launched by Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean in celebra on of Singapore’s 50th anniversary in 2015. The top 50 winners emerged from 113 shortlisted entries to receive awards from PM Lee at the IES Golden Jubilee Dinner in July 2016. The book is available at S$48 from IES. Payment can also be made via AXS machine, with the remark “50 Feats Book Purchase” – collec on of the book can be made with valid proof of purchase at IES and IES Academy during oﬃce hours. Members who are interested in this book may call 6461 1246 or 6460 4244 for further enquiries.

Engineering a First World: 50 Feats that Transformed Singapore is available from IES at $48 a copy.

Er. Edwin Khew, IES President (first row, 7th from le ) and Mr Heng Chee How, Senior Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Oﬃce (8th from le ), together with representa ves from the project owners who also sponsored the book. Mr Mervyn Sirisena, IES Vice President (Educa on Group) (11th from le ) chaired the book’s editorial commi ee. 46

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

IES UPDATE

ADDRESSING CYBER THREATS AND RISKS WHILE EMBRACING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES The IES Women in Science, Engineering and Research Commi ee (WiSER) organised a cybersecurity talk on 8 February 2018, tled “Addressing Cyber Threats & Risks While Embracing Emerging Technologies”. As Singapore con nually takes strides towards the fulfillment of her Smart Na on vision, it is inevitable that advanced technologies will become more prevalent in society, changing the way we interact with each other and the environment around us. For example, ar ficial intelligence-enhanced automa on will play a key role in manufacturing, while cashless payment technology will reduce the need for onerous transac ons with physical notes and coins. These, however, can and will be exploited by those with malicious intent for their personal gain

The Cybersecurity Bill, passed in February 2018, mandates the owners of cri cal informa on structure to comply with codes of prac ce and standards of performance, among other measures. It also gives the authori es powers to inves gate and prevent cybersecurity incidents. This is an important first step towards strengthening Singapore’s collec ve defences in the digital age, and something that we all will have to keep in mind constantly while embracing the benefits that digitalisa on has brought us.

The WiSER Committee felt that it was an opportune time to engage with and inform members about the precautions to take and to address the various threats and risks that come along with these emerging technologies. Two industry veterans were invited to speak at the talk: Ms Jaclyn Yeo, Senior Research Analyst, Asia Pacific Risk Center, Marsh & McLennan Companies; and Mr John Lim, Lecturer, Diploma in Cyber Security and Forensics, Nanyang Polytechnic. They noted that the hospitality industry was one of the most vulnerable to cyber-attacks, due to the large volume of personal and financial data that they handle on a daily basis, and the commonplace use of third-party so ware and other peripherals, which are poten al vulnerabili es hackers can exploit.

WiSER Commi ee Chairperson, Ms Jasmine Foo, addresses the par cipants.

Also, the lack of investment in cyber protecon in Asia renders the region at greater risk as compared to America. With the increasing use of social engineering to fish for informa on and launch cyber-a acks, the current situa on means that IT security is no longer the premise of a select few highly trained professionals. Rank and file employees also need to be educated and empowered to cope with the new playing field, to recognise incoming a acks and be able to take measures to protect themselves and their systems.

Ms Yeo examining cyber-a ack risk factors with par cipants during the talk.

THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018

IES UPDATE

IES MOVIE NIGHT:

MARVEL STUDIOS’ BLACK PANTHER IES held its second Movie Night on 21 February 2018 and it was a great success! This me, we managed to snag ckets to Marvel Studio’s Black Panther, the movie which introduced in greater detail its eponymous hero and put in place the final bits of informa on before the ensemble Infinity War two-parter. It was well-received, with all available ckets snapped up within two weeks of announcement. Each member was en tled to purchase 4 ckets at half price. Through ac vi es such as this, we hope to enable members to engage with their family and friends in a holis c manner. A er the inaugural Move Night, many members conveyed that they enjoyed themselves very much and wished for us to arrange more such ac vi es. Of course, IES is more than a social space for engineers. During his welcome address, IES President Er. Khew stressed that the Ins tu on’s core purpose is to develop our members professionally.

Ge ng ready for the journey to Wakanda.

He encouraged eligible members to apply for IES Chartered Engineer cer fica on as a valida on of their competence and recogni on of the deep exper se a ained over the course of their careers. This Movie Night was made possible by the sponsorship from Mr Yeo Wee Khin of IPP Financial Advisers. Mr Yeo is a regular figure around IES, having supported various other Members’ Nights by sharing his knowledge on the economy and investment, will wri ng, and home loans. We definitely hope to to give members opportuni es to learn and grow with IES, so all feedback is welcome! You may write, call, or speak to us candidly about your ideas and concerns.

See you around!

Mr Yeo Wee Khin and Er. Edwin Khew

ADVERTISERS’ INDEX

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CMCEE 2018 –––––––––––––––––––– Inside Back Cover

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THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER April 2018