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Alex Raynham GET INVOLVED!

2030 AGENDA towards 2050

TEEN TALK VIDEOS

LISTENING & LIFE SKILLS

PERCORSI DIGITALI CON VIDEO

VOCABULARY GOALS

3 IT’S YOUR LIFE!

1 THINK To ‘get out of your comfort zone’ means to try a new experience that’s unfamiliar and challenging. Can you think of any examples?

2 028 Watch, read and listen to the quiz. What experiences does it mention?

Get out of your COMFORT ZONE

Have you ever tried windsurfing or climbed a volcano? Most people like trying new things, but have you ever really stepped out of your comfort zone? Do the quiz and see how daring* you are.

4 You see one of your favourite celebrities in public. Should you ask for a selfie with them?

Yes → Try your luck . If you get it, you’ll really impress your friends!

No → It will be embarrassing if they say ‘no’.

1

1 A group from your school is going on a demonstration about cuts to education, but you’ve never done anything like that. Should you go?

Yes → Has anyone ever changed the world by staying at home?

No → It’s easier to sign an online petition.

4 You’d like to enter a talent show, but you haven’t sung in public before. Should you do it?

Yes → Go for it! – lots of stars started this way.

No → Have you thought about this carefully? You might ge t nervous and not perform well.

2

5 A friend has challenged you to take a break from social media for a week. Will you accept?

Yes → You won’t know what it’s like if you don’t tr y it.

No → Why should I do that? Why suffer?

MAKE IT REAL

Try your luck. Tenta la fortuna. Go for it! Provaci! as long as purché you only live once! si vive una volta sola!

3 In pairs, do the quiz. Give reasons for your answers. I think I would go on a demonstration because...

When we refer to someone without mentioning their gender, we can use they and them instead of he/she and him/her. Maybe you can take a selfie with them

2 You’re on holiday in another country. You see something traditional on the menu, but you’ve never eaten it before. Should you try it anyway?

Yes → You might love or hate it, but you won’t know if you don’t try!

No → It probably won’t be very nice.

You’ve probably answered ‘yes’ to some questions and ‘no’ to others. But it’s good to try new things − as long as they’re safe. After all, you only live once!

* avventuroso

4 DISCUSS P T Now ask and answer the questions.

1 Are you more cautious or more daring?

2 Would you like to go outside your comfort zone more often? Why?/Why not?

3 In your opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of being adventurous?

A Are you more cautious or more daring?

B I think I’m...

5 029 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the experiences. Then listen and check. be in love • be on TV • break a bone • climb a mountain/volcano • cook a meal • do something for charity • eat (Thai food) • enter a talent show • go abroad • go on a demonstration • lose/find something important • see or meet a famous person • sing/perform in public • take a break from social media • try a watersport • win a competition

1 Romeo and Juliet , but they couldn’t be together.

2 I’m going to for my parents tonight − an Indian curry.

3 Jason last night. They interviewed him for Channel Five News.

4 We’re planning to at the weekend. We want to protest about the new motorway.

5 I need to get a new passport because I next month to the USA!

6 Last year at the campsite, there was no Internet signal so I for a week. It was better than I expected!

7 Let’s when we go out tonight. I want to try that new restaurant.

8 Last year, I with this photo. The prize was a new camera.

6 030 Listen. What experiences from Ex. 5 are the people (1-6) describing?

Talking

about experiences and recent events

Talking about feelings and emotions

17

for the Goals

7 Read the grammar and complete the rules.

We use the Present perfect simple to talk about experiences or past actions without specifying when they happened. A friend has challenged you.

You haven’t sung in public before.

Have you thought about this carefully?

– Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t ever, never

Has anyone ever changed the world by staying at home? You’ve never done anything like that.

We use in questions and in sentences when we mean ‘at no time in my life’.

Grammar Goals p. 142 Irregular past participles p. 232

8 Complete the sentences and questions with the correct Present perfect simple form of the verbs. try • hear • not pass • not read • lose • not see

1 I Penny recently. How is she?

2 No, Rob the exam. He’s really disappointed.

3 (you) something? I can help you to look for it.

4 Yes, we this band before – they’re great.

5 I that book. Is it good?

6 (you) Indonesian food? It’s really nice.

9 Write the questions. Then write answers which are true for you. Use the Present perfect simple, ever and never.

0 you/win/a competition?

Have you ever won a competition?

1 you/meet/a famous person?

2 you and your family/visit/France?

3 you/climb/a mountain or a volcano?

4 anyone in your class/be on TV?

5 you and your friends/try/surfing?

10 SPEAKING P T In pairs, ask and answer the questions in Ex. 9.

VIDEO 43

Grammar in context

1 031 Read and listen to the messages and answer the questions.

1 Has anyone seen the snake? Where?

2 Is it a danger to Nate’s family?

Nate Guess what! Our neighbour’s pet snake has escaped, and we’ve seen it in our garden! Mum saw it on the grass at lunchtime, and she was totally shocked! Our neighbour came round to look for it, but he didn’t find it.

Nate That isn’t helpful!

She’s been abroad. (She went and came back.)

She’s gone abroad. (She went abroad, and she’s still there.)

Grammar Goals p. 143

2 Rewrite the sentences replacing the verbs with been or gone. Make any other necessary changes.

0 The last train to Bologna has departed. The last train to Bologna has gone.

1 Tom’s visited Spain a few times.

2 Sally’s walked into town.

3 Our neighbours are on holiday.

4 We’ve visited France twice.

5 You can’t speak to Carl because he’s left

6 How many countries have you travelled to?

7 Kelly’s in London but she’ll be home tomorrow.

8 I’ve tried a few Chinese restaurants, but this is the best.

3 Look at the messages in Ex. 1 again and complete the rules.

Present perfect simple vs Past simple

We use the when:

– we don’t mention exactly when something happened.

– an action happened in an unfinished period of time (e.g. today, this week) or has a result in the present.

We use the when:

– an action happened in a finished time in the past, (e.g. yesterday, last year).

Grammar Goals p. 143

4 Read the mini-dialogues and choose the correct alternative.

1 Akim Have you ever won / Did you win a competition? Mia Yes, I did / have. I came / have come first in a music competition last year.

Akim Really? What prize have you got / did you get? Mia They gave / ’ve given me £50 and a trophy.

2 Zoe Have you gone / Did you go to the Fur concert in the park last weekend?

Ben No, I haven’t / didn’t. But I ’ve seen / saw them before. They ’ve played / played a few gigs in London this year.

3 Finn Have you heard / Did you hear the news? Zayn Malik was / has been in town last weekend. Daisy I know. My sister saw / has seen him.

5 Complete the text with the Past simple or the Present perfect simple form of the verbs.

Adventurer Sarah Marquis has had (have) an amazing life. She (visit) lots of places around the world and she (see) some incredible things.

As a child, Sarah (love) exploring and she (not change). She (begin) travelling when she was 17 and she (ride) a horse across Turkey. She (never spend) a lot of time indoors!

In the last twenty years, she (survive) deserts, mountains, wild animals, illnesses and forest fires. Sarah  (write) four books about her experiences, and she also speaks at conferences, but she  (never stop) travelling.

6 Write questions. Use the Present perfect simple or Past simple.

1 you/go/on any school trips this year?

2 you/get/any nice presents/for your last birthday?

3 what/unusual/foods/you/eat?

4 what/you and your friends/do/last weekend?

5 you/go/to the Dolomites?

6 when/you/start/learning English?

7 SPEAKING P T In pairs, ask and answer the questions in Ex. 6.

A Have you been on any school trips this year?

B Yes, I have. In February I went to...

Nate I know, but I’m terrified of snakes. I haven’t been in the garden all day!

Ellen It’s probably gone somewhere warm to hide – like in your wardrobe.

Ellen Pet snakes aren’t dangerous, Nate.

Vocabulary & Listening 3 Feelings and emotions adjectives

1 032 Match the adjectives to the statements (1-10) below. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. Then listen and check. angry

annoyed

bored

jealous

depressed

pleased

proud

scared

shocked

excited

surprised

upset

worried

hurt

0 I’m tired of sitting around at home. Let’s do something. bored, fed up

1 These drawings are amazing! I didn’t know you were a brilliant artist, Kate!

2 It was fantastic when we won the football tournament.

3 Let’s get out of here. There could be snakes in here!

4 We waited for ages after the concert to see Bruno Mars, but he didn’t come out to meet his fans.

5 I can’t wait to go on holiday to Corfu next month.

6 Josie can wear expensive clothes, but I can’t buy those things. It’s not fair!

7 Oliver still loves Jess, but she doesn’t want to see him.

8 Maybe I’ll get a good mark in the test. I worked really hard.

9 It was awful − I was on the stage and I couldn’t remember my lines!

10 Danny’s really late. I hope he hasn’t had an accident on his bike.

STUDY SKILL

Describing a photo

When you describe a photo, think about these things: Where is it? What is the situation?

What are the people in the photo doing? How do you think they are feeling? Why?

2 SPEAKING P In pairs, describe the photos (1-4) above. A girl is holding a piece of paper. I think it’s a test result because it says A in red. She’s smiling. I think she feels...

WORD WORK

We were a bit depressed. The news was depressing. Adjectives ending in -ed describe how we feel. Adjectives ending in -ing describe the effect that something has.

3 Choose the correct alternative.

1 Sarah was disappointing / disappointed when Josh didn’t come to her party. She wanted to see him.

2 There’s nothing to do here. I’m so bored / boring

3 I’m very worried / worrying about my exam results.

4 It’s surprised / surprising that Bristol won the match because Liverpool are a much better football team.

5 It was very embarrassing / embarrassed when I dropped Sam’s birthday cake and ruined it.

4 033 I Listen to four teenagers and complete the sentences using a maximum of four words.

1 Bethany and her friends were disappointed when they tried to get .

2 She felt when someone saw her singing.

3 Ravi was worried about running in front of his

4 He was annoyed when he didn’t get into

5 Carl was very upset when Alina wrote something about on social media.

6 She’s tried to apologise, but he hasn’t .

7 Patrick was pleased about his friend’s dog.

8 The dog gets really excited when she sees

5 SPEAKING P T Choose three emotions from Ex. 1 and think about a time when you’ve felt each of them. Tell your partner what happened.

I felt really proud when I won a prize for...

Three steps to happiness

Things that happen in our lives can sometimes make us upset, like problems with friendships, home life, and how well we do at school. But the good news is that there are three very simple ways to be a little happier. You might be surprised!

Smile more often

Sometimes we pretend to be furious, but then we actually start to feel annoyed. Or we pretend to smile at something and then start to feel better inside. Firstly, imagining a feeling like anger or happiness tricks your brain into believing it’s real because real and imagined feelings activate the same parts of your brain. Secondly, the muscles in your face send a lot of feedback to your brain. So when you pretend to smile, your brain produces chemicals that actually make you feel happier. So the next time you feel down, try smiling!

Be a giver

Have you ever raised money for charity or given up your free time to help someone? Helping probably made you feel pretty good, didn’t it? You can go on a demonstration to support a good cause, share your lunch with someone, do jobs for your mum, or just be there for someone when they need a friend. Scientists have shown that helping others doesn’t just make you feel better: it actually affects your body, by lowering your levels of stress hormones because you stop focusing on your own problems. This can make you healthier. It seems that giving helps the giver as much as the receiver!

Collect experiences, not things

We’ve all saved up money for something and felt pleased when we finally got it. Scientific studies have shown that people quickly adapt to having new possessions and stop feeling satisfied by them, but that doesn’t happen to experiences. Remembering nice things that we’ve done and places we’ve been can make us happy for a long time afterwards. So if you want to be happier, go after exciting new experiences, not possessions. Long after you’ve forgotten those new jeans, you’ll smile when you remember going to a concert or having fun on the beach with your friends on holiday.

2 Read the article, ignoring the gaps. Does it mention any of your ideas from Ex. 1?

3 P I Complete the gaps in the article (1-5) with the missing sentences (A-G). There are two extra sentences that you do not need.

A But how long did that feeling last?

B In fact, it can even help you to live longer!

C Sadly, we can’t change some of those things.

D Perhaps there’s more to life than just feeling happy.

E And there are so many ways to be a giver.

F This happens for two reasons.

G But it’s hard to be a giver.

4 034 Read and listen to the article and check your answers to Ex. 3.

5 Answer the questions.

1 Why is imagining something similar to actually feeling it?

2 How do our face muscles affect our brain?

3 What different ways of helping people does the article mention?

4 How can helping others affect us?

5 What usually happens after we get a new possession?

6 What advice does the writer give in the last paragraph?

6 Match the words from the article (1-8) to their synonyms (a-h).

1 pretend (L. 7)

2 furious (L. 7)

3 down (L. 15)

4 raise (L. 17)

5 affect (L. 23)

6 lower (L. 24)

7 focus (L. 25)

8 satisfied (L. 32)

a depressed

b pleased

c concentrate

d act

e reduce

f influence

g collect

h very angry

7 DISCUSS P T In pairs, discuss the questions.

1 Do you agree with the advice in the text? Why?/Why not?

2 In what ways do you help other people?

3 What memories make you feel happy?

I agree with the first piece of advice. I definitely feel better when I try smiling.

Write a short text about your answers to Ex. 7.

8 Read the examples (a-b) and match them to the rules (1-2).

make: cause and effect

a Helping probably made you feel good.

b Remembering nice things can make us happy.

1 We use make + object + adjective to talk about something which causes a feeling or situation.

2 We use make + object + base form of verb to talk about something which causes an action.

Grammar Goals p. 143

9 Complete the sentences with the correct form of make and the verbs or adjectives. think • scared • excited • laugh • embarrassed • feel

0 Winning the competition in front of everyone made me feel very proud.

1 It was a great idea for a new app, and it the developer very .

2 Nina’s angry with you because you shared that terrible photo of her, and it her feel

3 Give a reason for your opinion. Tell us what you that.

4 Oscar doesn’t watch horror films because they him very .

5 That comedy show is very funny. It always me .

10 Rewrite the sentences using make.

0 She became famous after that film. That film made her famous.

1 I was sad after watching the film. The film .

2 We’re going to be late because of this traffic. This traffic

3 Carrie was upset after she read the message. The message her feel .

4 I can run faster with these new trainers. These new trainers

11 SPEAKING P T In pairs, ask and answer about: two things that make you happy or excited something that makes you feel worried or scared a personal success that made you proud a film or book that made you feel sad

A What makes you happy?

B Spending time with my friends makes me happy.

1 035 Watch and listen, and answer the questions.

1 Why is Leia upset?

2 What is Ryan’s good news?

2 035 Watch or listen again and choose the correct alternative.

Ryan Hi Leia. You look a bit down / upset. What’s wrong?

Leia I’ve hurt my ankle.

Ryan Poor you! How did you do that?

Leia I fell during football practice. It’s nothing serious, but I can’t play in Sunday’s / Saturday’s match.

Ryan What a pity!

Leia Yeah, it’s really frustrating because it’s an important match. And I only got into the football team last month / week.

Ryan I know ... I’m sorry. But cheer up! I’m sure you’ll be able to play again soon.

Leia True. Anyway, have you asked your parents if you can go on the holiday / school trip to Barcelona?

Ryan Yes, and guess what... they said yes!

Leia Really? That’s great news!

Ryan I’m really pleased / proud. I’ve never been to Spain. And we’ll be in Barcelona for nearly two weeks / a week.

Leia That’s so boring / exciting. So when’s the trip?

Ryan Next month, but Mrs Harte, the History teacher, wants us to do a big project / test on Spanish history before we go. So I’ll have to work really hard this month.

Leia Never mind. It’ll be worth it.

Asking questions

What’s happened? / What’s wrong?

How did you do that?

How did that happen?

You’re kidding! Really?

I don’t believe it!

Are you serious?

Reacting to good news

That’s great news.

That’s fantastic / brilliant / really exciting.

Lucky you!

Well done!

Good for you!

I’m really happy / pleased for you.

MAKE IT REAL

Reacting to bad news

Oh no! / Oh dear!

I’m sorry.

What a pity!

That’s awful / terrible.

Poor you!

Cheer up!

Never mind.

Don’t worry.

I’m sure you’ll...

It’s nothing serious. Non è niente di grave. What a pity! Che peccato!

cheer up! coraggio!

guess what... indovina un po’...

It’ll be worth it. Ne sarà valsa la pena!

3 Look at the Key Expressions and complete the dialogues with appropriate responses. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1 THINK Describe the photos. What experiences do they show?

1 Keiran , Jessie? You look upset. Jessie I am upset. Chris isn’t my boyfriend anymore.

Keiran ! I thought you were happy together.

Jessie So did I!

2 Aran Look, Tom’s messaged me. I wanted to be in his band, but they’ve chosen Josh.

Meg Really?

Aran I can’t believe it. I’m a better drummer than Josh.

Meg – I’m sure you’ll get into another band.

3 Anya Guess what... we’re going on holiday to Florida this summer!

Leo

! Are you going to go to Universal Studios?

Anya Definitely!

Leo ! I’m really jealous. I’d love to go there.

4 SPEAKING T In pairs, take turns and practise giving good and bad news and reacting. You’ve... hurt your arm won a competition lost something important (e.g. jewellery, keys) passed an important exam had a bad argument with a good friend

A You look a bit down. What’s happened?

B I’ve hurt my arm.

A Oh no! How...?

2 036 Erin is talking to her friend James. Listen and answer the questions.

1 How does James feel, and why?

2 What is a ‘bucket list’?

a A list of things that you’ve done in your life.

b A list of things that you would like to do one day.

3 036 Listen again and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).

1 James has never been skiing.

2 Erin says people do amazing things on social media.

3 Last year Erin went to the USA.

4 James has travelled in the UK.

5 Erin hasn’t done anything on her bucket list.

6 Erin says a bucket list is a kind of competition.

7 James would like to learn to play a musical instrument.

8 Erin is interested in learning how to cook next.

4 Write a bucket list of five things that you’d like to do in your life.

5 DISCUSS P T In pairs, compare and discuss your lists. I’d like to try surfing one day because it seems exciting, and...

GLOBAL GOALS

EDUCAZIONE CIVICA

Partnerships for the Goals

What’s the goal?

To work together to improve society and help achieve the global goals.

Why?

Because we’re all in this together. If we want to build a better world, we need to be supportive and cooperative.

1 DEBATE In groups, discuss these two statements about voluntary work. Do you agree? Why?/Why not?

1 Everyone should do voluntary work.

2 Governments should help people, not volunteers.

2 Read the factfile below and answer the questions.

1 How many British people volunteer frequently?

2 Why is volunteering good for your health?

3 How can volunteering help your social life?

4 How can volunteering help you in the future?

FACTFILE

Volunteering

Between 20 and 25% of people aged 16 and over regularly volunteer in the UK.

Why volunteer?

1 2 3 4

Volunteering is good for you! It can help you to keep fit, and in a recent survey, 96% of volunteers said volunteering made them feel happier.

You can improve your social skills and make new friends. It’s also fun to work together in a team of people who have the same interests as you.

You can learn new skills and gain knowledge .

Volunteering can also give you more confidence and boost your self-esteem. Helping others in the community gives you a sense of pride and identity.

It looks great on your CV! If you have volunteering experience, you’ll have a better chance of finding a job than people who don’t. People who volunteer are also more likely to get a promotion in their job and earn more money.

conoscenza orgoglio più probabile che

READING

3 In what ways can you volunteer? What can you do?

4 037 Read and listen to the article about ways to volunteer in your local community and check your ideas from Ex. 3.

Get involved!

The number of young people aged 16-24 that do voluntary work has grown by more than 50% in recent years. Why? Because they’re interested in issues like the community, the environment and their future. OK, we can’t all be Greta Thunberg, but even doing something small can really make a difference. Here are just a few of the ways you can be a part of the volunteer generation!

• Join the World Cleanup Day! This global movement started in the small country of Estonia in 2008, when 50,000 people cleaned the country in a single day! Now, every September, more than 20 million people in 180 different countries take part and collect over 100,000 tons of rubbish. Or have you ever tried plogging? Volunteers get together in groups to jog and pick up rubbish at the same time. You get a full body workout and it’s great for the environment!

• Help the elderly. Lots of old people live on their own and they can often feel lonely and isolated. There are lots of organisations that ask for volunteers to visit elderly people and do shopping or household jobs for them, like cutting the grass or taking out the rubbish. Or perhaps just keep them company and watch a film or play a board game together.

5 Answer the questions.

1 How old are the people in the ‘volunteer generation’?

2 Where and when was the first major Cleanup Day?

3 What is plogging?

4 Why do some elderly people need assistance?

5 How many animals do Americans leave in shelters annually?

6 What fundraising events does the text mention?

6 CRITICAL THINKING Discuss the questions.

1 Have you ever volunteered? If not, why not? If so, what did you do?

2 What kind of personal qualities do you think you need to be a volunteer?

3 Which suggestion in the text interests you the most? Why?

4 Do you know of any volunteer organisations where you live? What do they do?

5 What could you do to help the community where you live? Think of some ideas.

WRITING

7 Imagine you want to do a sponsored event to raise money for charity. Write a short text (75-100 words) about your idea. Include this information: what kind of sponsored event you are going to do when and where you are going to do it which charity you want to raise money for and why

DIGITAL COMPETENCES Go online and find information about some volunteer groups in Italy, for example, the Angeli Del Bello or Retake Roma groups. What do they do? Who volunteers?

• A re you an animal lover? Why not volunteer at a local animal rescue shelter? According to one American animal charity, about 6.5 million animals are abandoned every year in the USA alone. You can spend time with the animals, feed them and clean their cages, and take them for walks. Volunteering improves the animals’ lives and also makes it easier for people to adopt them. Take your friends along too – a shelter can never have too many volunteers!

• Raise money for charity. Organisations need volunteers to help them to raise money in lots of different ways. For example, you can do a sponsored sports event like a walk, run or swim. If you aren’t sporty, organise a cake sale, a street party or a sponsored group dance marathon.

There are so many ways to make a difference in your local community – you can help at a canteen or food bank, plant trees, offer to coach a youth team, or become a reading group volunteer. Think of something that you are interested in and get involved!

elderly anziani board game gioco da tavolo animal rescue shelter canile/gattile cages gabbie

Writing Goals p. 202

4 GOING PLACES

1 THINK A lot of British students take a gap year after they leave school. What do you think that is?

2 038 Watch, read and listen to the article. What countries has Elena visited on her gap year?

My budget* gap year

by Elena Kennedy

Have you started thinking about your future yet? For some students, having a gap year when they leave school gives them more time to decide what they really want to do. A good way to spend the year is working and travelling. I’ve just finished my gap year, and here’s how I did it.

I started my year house-sitting in Madrid. House-sitters look after people’s homes and pets while they’re away, and I stayed for free in a city-centre apartment to look after the owner’s dog. I fed it and took it for walks, but I had plenty of time to go sightseeing too. It was a really cheap city break!

After Madrid, I worked as a fruit picker and did odd jobs on a farm in the south of France. It was really hard work, but I got free food and accommodation. And the farm was close to Nice too, so I went there on my days off. I used the money I earned to buy a plane ticket to my final destination: Goa, India.

Goa, with its laid-back lifestyle and tropical beaches was awesome! I worked in a beach café there, and I was also an extra in a Bollywood movie! Indian film-makers often need European extras so they can shoot ‘fake’ scenes in Europe. The film I was in has already come out in cinemas, but I haven’t seen it yet. I’ve just got back and I still haven’t got the sand out of my trainers!

* low-cost, economico

plenty (of) parecchio odd jobs lavori saltuari days off giorni liberi laid-back spensierato, rilassato

3 I Answer the questions using a maximum of four words.

1 Where did Elena stay in Madrid?

2 What did she look after?

3 Where did she work and stay in France?

4 What did she buy with the money that she got from that job?

5 Where did she work in Goa most of the time?

6 Who do Indian film companies often employ?

4 DISCUSS P T In pairs, discuss the questions.

1 In your opinion, which are the best and worst jobs that Elena did? Why?

2 Which of Elena’s travel destinations have you been to or would you like to visit the most? Why?

I think the best job was in Goa because...

Objectives

Talking about holidays

Talking about recent and unfinished events and situations

Checking information

Asking for tourist information

Global Goals Units 3-4

15 Life on Land

Grammar Vocabulary Holidays

5 039 Match six of the holidays to the photos (1-6). Then listen and check.

activity holiday • backpacking holiday • beach holiday • camping holiday • city break • cruise • package holiday • safari • skiing holiday • study holiday • volunteering holiday • working holiday

6 Write the holidays from Ex. 5.

1 I like the travel company to organise everything.

2 I’m working in a wildlife park. I won’t get any money, but it’s a great experience.

3 I paid for my holiday in Japan by teaching English.

4 I’d like to sail around Greece and stop at all the islands.

5 We want to go round Europe by train and stay in youth hostels.

6 I’d like to learn a new language.

7 040 Listen and write the holiday accommodation that each person (1-6) is describing.

apartment • B&B (bed and breakfast) • camper van • campsite • holiday villa • hotel • youth hostel

stay in + a hotel, a camper van, the city centre stay on + a campsite, a cruise ship, an island

Listening & Life Skills: Problem solving

Culture: Historic city breaks in England

8 Read the examples and complete the rules.

Present perfect simple + just, already, yet, still

I’ve just finished my gap year. The film’s already come out, but I haven’t seen it yet Have you started thinking about your future yet?

I still haven’t got the sand out of my trainers!

We use:

for things that happened a very short time ago. for things that happened earlier than expected. We use in questions. We use and in negative sentences for things that haven’t happened but we expect to happen.

Grammar Goals p. 152 Irregular past participles p. 232

9 Read the message and choose the correct alternative.

Hi Matt! Have you got back from your camping holiday in Italy yet / just? I’ve still / just seen your photos on social media: it looks beautiful there!

I’m having a great time in Scotland. We’ve already / yet been here four days, but there’s so much to see so we still / already haven’t done everything. We haven’t been to Edinburgh already / yet, but we’re in Inverness today and we’ve just / still got back from a cruise on Loch Ness. I took lots of photos today, and I’ve yet / already posted them online, so have a look. Anyway, I must go. Mum’s still / just said we’re going out to dinner soon, and I still / yet haven’t got changed! Bye, Ruth.

10 SPEAKING T In pairs, imagine you’re planning to go walking and camping this weekend. Ask and answer questions about the list of jobs below.

Camping trip - jobs to do

1 borrow a tent

2 buy new walking shoes

3 get the train tickets

4 plan the route

5 pack our bags

6 prepare the food

A Have you borrowed a tent yet?

B Yes, I’ve already spoken to Joe. We can have his.

Grammar in context

1 041 Read and listen to the messages and answer the questions.

1 Where is Aiden?

2 What’s the only problem? Why?

Aiden I hear you’re camping in Ireland. How long have you been there?

Leena For three days. It’s really nice. What about you?

Aiden I’ve been at my aunt’s house in Portugal since last Saturday. It’s on the coast.

Leena Wow! So what have you been up to?

Aiden Oh, just sunbathing and swimming. It’s great! The only problem is my little brother Toby. He doesn’t like the food. He’s complained about everything since we arrived. And he wants me to play with him all the time.

Leena Well, he’s only six.

Aiden Yeah. And he’ll be lucky if he lives to seven!

2 Read the examples and complete the rules. Present perfect simple + for and since

How long have you been there? – For three days. I’ve been at my aunt’s house since last Saturday. We use the Present perfect simple + for and since to talk about situations or actions which started in the past and continue in the present. We use: with a period of time (a week, three years, a long time). to indicate when the situation started (last weekend, 2019).

We use How long ? to ask about the duration of events.

Grammar Goals p. 152

3 Complete the table with the words or expressions.

1st September • 20 minutes • ages • Sunday •

Chloe’s birthday • a few years • last night • two days • a couple of months • yesterday for since

4 Complete the mini-dialogues with How long...?, the Present perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets and for or since.

1 Clare How long have you had (you/have) those earrings, Mel?

Mel Not long − I (have) them a few weeks. Do you like them?

2 Ella (your brother/ live) in Italy?

Louis He (work) there he left university.

3 Jake (you/know) Dan? Tilly Not long. He (only/be) in our class a few weeks.

4 Sam (Maddy/play) chess? Paula she was five. She’s in the school team.

How long have you been there? (You are still on holiday.)

– Since Saturday.

How long were you on holiday? (The holiday is finished.)

– For a week.

5 Write questions for these answers. Use How long...? and the Present perfect simple or the Past simple.

0 I was in Sicily for the first week in July.

How long were you in Sicily?

1 I’ve known Alex since we were six.

2 We’ve been in this lesson for 20 minutes.

3 They were at the cinema from 8 pm to 10 pm.

4 Josie has had her cat for a couple of years.

5 My dad’s worked for this company for a year.

6 He worked for his old company for 10 years.

6 Write complete sentences with the Present perfect simple and for or since that are true for you.

1 I/live/in my house...

2 I/like (my favourite singer)...

3 I/study/English...

4 I/be/at this school...

5 I/know/my best friend...

6 I/have (my favourite possession)...

I’ve lived in my house for six years.

7 SPEAKING P T In pairs, ask and answer questions about the information you wrote in Ex. 6.

A How long have you lived in your house?

B I’ve lived there...

Vocabulary & Listening 4

Holiday activities

1 042 Read the tour programme and complete the holiday activities with the missing verbs. Then listen and check.

1 5 on a day trip 6 a souvenir 7 a new sport 8 sightseeing

out 9 horse-riding/mountain biking 10 a guided tour 11 a tourist attraction 12 to a water park/theme park

Student Expeditions International

Adriatic cruise

Day 1 → Depart Trieste

Day 2 → At sea all day

Day 3

Try a new sport on the ship, like mini-golf or pool surfing – or just relax by the pool!

→ Split, Croatia

Take a guided tour of Split and learn about the town’s Roman past, then go to the Marine Aqua water park for some fun!

Day 4

→ Dubrovnik, Croatia

From Split, go on a day trip to the beautiful city of Dubrovnik in southern Croatia, once part of the Venetian Empire. You’ll visit other fascinating tourist attractions on the way!

Day 5 → Kotor, Montenegro

Day 7

2 Match holiday activities from Ex. 1 to the sentences.

1 Your face is really red, Tom. Did you put on any sun cream?

2 Let’s go for a walk in the old streets around our hotel and see what we find.

3 Shall we go to the Tower of London today?

4 I’ve never tried snorkelling – let’s do it!

5 The bus leaves the hotel at 7.30 am and comes back at 6 pm in time for dinner.

6 How much is that Scottish tartan scarf?

3 043 Listen to some students imagining their dream holidays. Match the speakers (1-4) to four of the places. Thailand

1 Maya

2 Andreas

Go horse-riding, walking, or mountain biking with local guides in the hills around Kotor. The views are awesome!

→ Corfu, Greece

After another day at sea, enjoy a free day in Corfu. Explore the old town and buy a souvenir, or just sunbathe on the beach! Experience the local culture. Eat out at a Greek restaurant and learn to do a Greek ‘Sirtaki’ dance!

4 043 P Listen again and complete the sentences with one or two words.

1 Maya mentions a one-day tour to a .

2 She says you can also by the sea.

3 Andreas wants to go in Zurich.

4 The city has got a great museum.

5 Kate is interested in stories.

6 She wants to and try local food.

7 Sean wants to go on an holiday.

8 He says you can try there, like diving or rafting.

5 SPEAKING P T In pairs, imagine you can go on a dream holiday together. Discuss the questions.

• the USA

• Greece

• Kenya

• New Zealand

• Switzerland

• Japan

1 What kind of holiday would you like to go on and where would you like to go? Why?

2 What do you want to do there?

We’d like to go on a beach holiday to Bali because...

VIDEO 55

Awesome attractions near

We’ve all heard of legendary tourist attractions like the ancient pyramids in Egypt and Machu Picchu in Peru. They’re very impressive places, but you can’t visit them easily if they’re in a different part of the world, can you? So write and tell us about the most exciting attractions near you.

latest replies

We’ve lived in Changde, in the Hunan province of China for three years, and it’s only two and a half hours’ drive from the Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon – one of the most beautiful places in China. My parents have taken me there a couple of times, so I’ve already seen some gorgeous parts of the canyon, but last weekend was our first visit to the Glass Bridge. This bridge across the canyon is the longest and highest glass bridge in the world. It’s incredible – 430 m long and 6 m wide. The views from the bridge are stunning, and because the floor below you is glass, you can look straight down to the ground 300 metres below your feet! A glass bridge doesn’t sound very safe, does it? But even if it’s crowded, the glass is strong enough to support hundreds of people. It’s still a bit scary though, isn’t it?

Jia-Li, China

1 THINK Look at the photos. Where do you think these places are?

2 044 Read and listen to the posts and check your answers to Ex. 1.

My family have just moved from Tokyo to Osaka, and Osaka is home to the Universal Studios Japan theme park. This huge park is full of wonderful rides, but my favourite is Spider-Man It uses Hollywood special effects to trick your senses. You feel like you’re flying at terrifying speeds over the busy streets of New York. It’s totally convincing, but it’s only an illusion of course – you actually never leave the ground! The live shows at Universal Studios are also incredible, from the amazing stunts and explosions in Waterworld and Backdraft to the scary killer robots in Terminator II. They’ve also got a realistic and pretty spooky replica of Hogwarts Castle! And of course, there are live entertainers, great shops and tasty things to eat. Every year, over fourteen million people from all over Asia visit the park, but I live just down the road and I’ve already been three times! I’m lucky, aren’t I?

Itsuki, Japan

trick your senses ingannare i tuoi sensi spooky spettrale

3 I Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). Underline the first four words of the sentences in the text which support your answers.

1 Jia-Li’s family live next to the Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon.

2 She’s visited the Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon before.

3 The bridge is made of glass.

4 She thinks that the bridge is a bit unsafe.

5 The Spider-Man ride at Universal Studios feels quite slow.

6 On the Spider-Man ride you fly over the ground.

7 Only Japanese visitors go to the theme park.

8 Itsuki’s new house is very close to the park.

4 Match the adjectives which describe places to their synonyms or definitions (1-6).

ancient • impressive • gorgeous • stunning • crowded • wonderful • busy

1 with lots of activity

2 beautiful /

3 full of people

4 great, amazing

5 interesting and important

6 very old

STUDY SKILL

Using synonyms

When you describe something or somewhere, avoid always repeating the same words like ‘nice’ or ‘beautiful’. Try to vary your vocabulary: think of other adjectives and synonyms you can use. It will be more interesting!

5 DISCUSS P T In pairs, discuss the questions.

1 Have you ever been to an amazing natural place or a theme park? If so, where and when?

2 Do you live near any famous tourist attractions?

3 Have you ever been disappointed by a famous tourist attraction? Why?

4 Discuss and rank the top five tourist attractions in Italy. Give reasons for your choices.

5 What famous attractions around the world would you like to visit? Why?

Yes, I’ve been to Gardaland. I went there...

Use your answers from Ex. 5 to write a description of your top five tourist attractions in Italy and explain your choice.

6 Read the examples and choose the correct alternative in the rules.

Question tags

We use question tags to check information or confirm that something is true.

I’m lucky, aren’t I?

It’s still a bit scary though, isn’t it?

In positive sentences we use a positive / negative auxiliary verb + pronoun .

You can’t visit them, can you?

A glass bridge doesn’t sound very safe, does it?

In negative sentences we use a positive / negative auxiliary verb + pronoun .

Grammar Goals p. 153

7 Complete the dialogue with question tags.

Paige You’re going on holiday soon, aren’t you?

Ollie Yes, I am. I’m off to Menton.

Paige That’s in France, ?

Ollie Yes, it’s on the south coast, near Italy. You haven’t been to that area, ?

Paige No, I haven’t. But I’ve been to Normandy.

Ollie Oh yes, your cousins live there, ?

Paige Yes, they do − in a really nice house by the beach. They’re lucky, ?

8 Write questions using the words and question tags.

0 Lucia/speak/English and Italian Lucia speaks English and Italian, doesn’t she?

1 you/not/go/on holiday/yet

2 we/can/take/photos in the museum

3 you/not like/Chinese food

4 Sam/not be/at school yesterday

5 Olivia/visit/Greece/a few times

9 SPEAKING T In pairs, think of 4-5 things to check with your partner using questions tags. Use these topics or your own ideas.

a hobby or interest a favourite singer or sports team someone that the person knows where he/she lives or is from school subjects and homework

A You play the guitar, don’t you?

B That’s right. / No, I play the...

1 THINK 045 Watch and listen, and answer the questions.

1 Where are Leia and Zoe?

2 Do they decide to go to Whitby or the theme park?

2 045 Complete the dialogue with the words. Then watch again, listen and check.

maps • exciting • cathedral • leaflet • information • tickets • day trip • good

Assistant Hi, can I help you?

Zoe Yes, we’d like some about things to do in York.

Assistant Right. Well, you should definitely visit York Minster , and you mustn’t miss the Jorvik Viking Centre.

Leia The Viking Centre sounds , doesn’t it?

Assistant I can book if you like.

Zoe Oh, great. Yes, please. We’d also like to go on a  . Can you recommend somewhere?

Assistant You could go to Whitby. It’s a nice town on the coast.

Leia Is there anywhere more ?

Assistant How about the Lightwater Valley theme park?

Zoe Cool! How much is it to get in?

Assistant About £24.00 each.

Zoe That’s a bit pricey, isn’t it, Leia?

Leia Yes, it is. Let’s just go to Whitby.

Assistant OK. Here’s a then.

Zoe Thanks. And could we take one of those York street while we’re here, please?

Assistant Of course. Here you are.

KEY EXPRESSIONS

Asking for information

I’d/We’d like some information about...

I’d/We’d (also) like to...

Can you recommend somewhere?

Do you know...?

Is there anywhere (more exciting)?

Is it (far/open/expensive)?

How much is it (to get in)?

Could I/we have (a map)?

Giving information

You should definitely visit...

You could go to...

You mustn’t miss / I recommend...

How about (the theme park)?

It’s a good place to buy/see...

I can book tickets if you like. Here’s a leaflet about...

MAKE IT REAL

a bit pricey un po’ caro while we’re here già che ci siamo

3 Complete the dialogues with 1-3 words. Use the Key Expressions to help you. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1 Man Hello. Can I help you?

Tom We’d like things to see and do in Edinburgh. Man Of course. Here’s . You visit the castle of course, and as it’s August, you miss the street theatre and other events at the Fringe Arts Festival.

2 Ellen We’d like to go on a day trip. somewhere?

Man Yes. Brownsea Island? It’s only ten minutes on the ferry from Bournemouth. Ellen Great. have a timetable, please?

Man Here you are.

Nancy Thanks. And a good Asian restaurant in Bournemouth for this evening?

Man Do you know The Thai House? It’s near here.

4 SPEAKING P T In pairs, read the information. Then take turns to be the tourist and the person giving information for each situation.

Tourist: you...

1 want a map of this town and some information about local tourist attractions.

2 would like to find a nice place to eat that isn’t too expensive.

3 would like to go to the wildlife park and want to know about opening times and prices.

4 would like to go on a day trip somewhere and want a recommendation.

A Excuse me. Could I have a map of Orvieto and some information about...

1 Watch the video interviews and tick (✓) the places that you hear.

Cyprus The Caribbean Portugal

Greece

Ireland

Hawaii

The Philippines Majorca Australia

France

Spain The Bahamas

2 Watch again and answer the questions. Who...

1 has been on holiday with friends?

2 has never been on holiday on their own except for school trips?

3 thinks beach holidays are boring?

4 prefers holidays in places where the weather is good? / /

5 stayed in an all-inclusive resort in Mexico on their last holiday?

6 went to Cornwall?

7 says their worst holiday was camping in the rain?

8 says their best holiday was in Spain?

9 would like to go to South Korea for the culture and food?

10 would like to go somewhere tropical that not many people have the chance to visit?

CULTURE SPOT

Over 60% of British people go abroad on holiday.

3 DISCUSS P T In pairs, ask and answer the questions.

1 Who do you usually go on holiday with and where do you go?

2 What’s the best holiday you’ve ever had? Why?

3 What’s the worst holiday you’ve ever had? Why?

I usually go on holiday with...

VIDEO GLOSSARY

sunshine sole | sunny soleggiato | scenery paesaggio | lounge around poltrire, rilassarsi | fast-paced movimentato | pleasant piacevole | nan (coll.) = grandma

GLOBAL GOALS

EDUCAZIONE CIVICA

Life on Land

What’s the goal?

To protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

Why?

We need to conserve nature in our daily lives and when we travel and visit other places.

1 DEBATE In groups, discuss the statement. Do you agree? Why?/Why not?

Mass tourism in Italy brings only benefits to the country.

2 In pairs, do the travel and tourism quiz.

Quiz

1 How many tourists will travel abroad by 2030?

a 1.8 billion

b 500 million

c 1 billion

2 What percentage of tourists travel by plane?

a 4%

b 58%

c 37%

3 What is the busiest airport in Europe?

a Leonardo Da Vinci, Fiumicino, Rome

b Charles de Gaulle, Paris

c Heathrow, London

4 Which country is the most popular holiday destination for the British?

a Italy

b France

c Spain

5 How many tourists visit Italy from other countries each year?

a over 40 million

b 35 million

c 30 million

6 How many Italian beaches had blue flag status in 2020?

a 207

b 307

c 407

7 How many national parks does Italy have?

a 30

b 25

c 20

8 How many UNESCO sites (natural, cultural and historical) does Italy have?

a 55

b 40

c 45

READING

3 What do you think overtourism and ecotourism are? Read the article and check your answers.

4 046 Complete the article with the words. Then read, listen and check your answers.

ecotourist Be an

More people than ever before are travelling abroad every year thanks to cheap package holidays and low-cost , and tourism is now a huge global business. Millions of people work in the tourism industry and many cities, regions and even countries depend on the money that tourism generates. Tourism can bring lots of for local businesses and communities, and tax revenues from tourism can improve an area’s facilities and , as well as help to maintain natural areas and wildlife reserves.

However, overtourism – too many tourists – is causing huge problems in many popular tourist destinations around the world. For example, most tourists drive or fly to their holiday and this causes pollution and contributes to global warming because cars and planes produce CO2. Lots of tourists often means lots of litter and damage to monuments and natural areas.

If tourist demand is high, the cost of increases, so often local residents can’t afford to buy or rent property. Local shops can also be more expensive if lots of their customers are tourists. Tourists can also cause problems by putting extra pressure on natural resources, such as water.

In order for the tourism industry to survive, it needs to become more sustainable and ecotourism is one solution.

Ecotourism is the business of organising holidays and travel to places of natural beauty in a way that makes visitors aware of the importance of respecting and protecting the and understanding the needs of the local people. Ecotourism is becoming more popular all over the world.

If you want to be an ecotourist, you should the place you are visiting and find out how you can make your visit as sustainable as possible. For example, can you get there by train instead of flying or driving? Try to benefit the local community by staying in a local B&B rather than a large, international hotel or big holiday . Shop at local markets and eat at small family-owned restaurants that use local produce where possible. Respect natural areas like beaches and always take your home with you.

So remember, if you want to protect our planet, the next time you go on holiday, be an ecotourist! Travel and respect the places you visit.

GLOSSARY

revenues entrate litter spazzatura demand richiesta

aware consapevoli local produce prodotti locali

5 CRITICAL THINKING Discuss the questions. Give reasons for your answers.

1 Can you think of anywhere in Italy that you think suffers from overtourism? How?

2 How do you think local authorities and residents can protect their areas from overtourism?

3 Do you think it’s always easy to be an ecotourist?

4 Do you think Italy is a good place for an ecotourism holiday?

5 A famous ecotourism slogan is ‘Take only photos, leave only footprints’. What do you think it means?

6 In 2019, authorities in Australia banned tourists from climbing the famous red rock, Uluru. Do you think other places in the world should actually ban tourism?

WRITING

6 Choose a destination in Italy that suffers from the problem of overtourism, for example Rome, or Venice. Write a short text (75-100 words) about the issues. Include this information: what problems overtourism causes what the local/national government and tourist organisations are doing to try and resolve these problems what you think they should do

DIGITAL COMPETENCES Go online and find out more about ecotourism in Italy. What are some good Italian ecotourism destinations? Why?

Listening & Life Skills

Problem solving

1 THINK Match four of the travel or holiday problems to the photos (1-4).

bad accommodation/weather • be ill • delays or cancellations • get lost • lose your luggage/passport/money

• miss a train, bus or flight • noise • theft

4 THINK Read the tips below and answer the questions.

1 Why is it a good idea to break a big, complex problem down into smaller parts?

2 What should you do if you can’t solve a problem at first?

Solve that problem!

When you have unexpected problems, it can be difficult to know what to do and where to start.

1 Don’t panic. Identify the problem: exactly what situation are you in, and how does this affect your plans?

2 Together, brainstorm some possible solutions for your problem.

3 If it’s a large and complex problem, break it down into smaller parts. This will make it easier to think of solutions to each part.

4 Evaluate the solutions and select the best ones.

5 Try your solution, but be ready to change it and try others if it doesn’t work.

5 DISCUSS T In pairs, choose two of the problems below and brainstorm ways to solve them. Write notes. Then share your ideas with the class and vote for the best ones.

2 047 I Listen to Theo talking about his holiday in Antalya in Turkey and answer the questions using a maximum of four words.

1 What was the problem with their flight?

2 Where did Theo’s mum take them?

3 What did Theo and his sister want to do?

4 How far was the hotel from the beach?

5 Why couldn’t they use the hotel pool?

6 Why did Theo have problems sleeping?

7 Where did they find his sister’s passport?

8 Why were they lucky?

3 DISCUSS T In pairs, discuss the questions.

1 Do you think Theo and his family planned their holiday well? Why?/Why not?

2 Have you ever had any problems on holiday? What happened?

I think/don’t think they planned it well because...

A You’re on holiday abroad with your parents, but you went out alone to explore the area around your hotel. Now you’re lost, and your phone is in your hotel room.

B On a day trip to another city, you ate at a pizzeria, but one of your friends left their bag there. You haven’t got time to go back there before you all catch the last train home.

C You’re in London for the day with two friends, and someone has just stolen your rucksack on the Tube. It contained everyone’s travel tickets and your only bank card. You don’t have any cash.

So in A, you can’t phone your parents, but you can...

Spotlight on Culture

Historic city breaks in England

If you want to go on a city break, there are lots of historic cities in England to choose from: London, Bath, Oxford and Cambridge are some of the most famous. But why not go a little further north? The beautiful city of York, on the River Ouse, halfway between London and Edinburgh, has Roman origins. You can still walk round York’s ancient Roman walls today, and enjoy a great view of the city with its majestic cathedral, York Minster, or you can go on a bike ride along the river and stop for a snack at the famous Betty’s Tea Rooms. The city’s modern name derives from Jorvik, which was the name the Viking invaders gave it, and you can explore York’s Viking past at the Jorvik Viking Centre. This attraction is more like a film set than a museum, and visitors sit in specially-designed cars that take them back in time to experience life in 10 -century York – including the smells! If you’re staying in York for longer, why not take a day trip on a steam train to the seaside town of Whitby and visit the abbey which inspired Bram Stoker to write Dracula!

Another great place to visit is Chester in north-west England, just south of Liverpool. It was founded by the Romans too. They called it Deva Victrix after the River Dee, and its Roman city walls are some of the longest and most complete in Britain. The AngloSaxons later named the city Chester. Another one of Chester’s main tourist attractions is the ‘Rows’; these are galleries of shops, cafés and restaurants on two floors, connected by elevated wooden walkways and stairs. They are from medieval times and they are unique in the world to Chester – and they are still fantastic for shopping today! When you’re tired of history, you can take a sightseeing cruise down the River Dee and have a picnic. It’s a great place for a weekend break!

1 THINK Can you name any historic cities in England?

2 048 Read and listen to the text. Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones.

1 York is much nearer Edinburgh than London.

2 The Roman walls are closed to the public.

3 The Jorvik Centre isn’t very interactive.

4 Whitby Abbey was the inspiration for a famous novel.

5 Chester is near Liverpool.

6 Its name is Roman in origin.

7 The Rows are quite typical of English towns.

8 You can go on a boat trip at Chester.

3 SPEAKING Discuss the questions.

1 Have you ever been to York or Chester? If so, what did you think? If not, which one would you most like to visit? Why?

2 Which historic towns or cities have you visited in Italy or in other countries? What did you see or do there?

3 Which towns or cities would you most like to visit? Why?

Summative Revision

Vocabulary

Unit 3 Experiences; Feelings and emotions adjectives

1 Complete the sentences with the experiences. Then choose the correct emotion. wins the competition • climbed a volcano • entered a talent show • cooked a meal • been abroad • sing in public • is in love

1 A I for my boyfriend, but it made him feel sick.

B How embarrassed / embarrassing!

2 I’ve never , but this year my family is going to Vietnam! I am so excited / exciting!

3 A Ruby and thinks she did well – she’s quite hopeful / hurt

B I’ve heard her . She didn’t perform very well. If she , I’ll be very surprised / surprising.

4 Jenny with Alfie and when he didn’t invite her to his party, she felt very proud / hurt.

5 I when I visited the island of Stromboli – I was very proud / upset when I got to the top.

Unit 4 Holidays and Holiday activities

2 What type of holidays are perfect for these people?

1 Jason: ‘I enjoy taking photos of wildlife.’

2 Hamza: ‘I like making new friends and earning money at the same time.’

3 Fran: ‘I’d love to visit different countries by sea.’

4 Morgan: ‘I love going away for the weekend to explore new places and go sightseeing.’

5 Vanessa: ‘I’m lazy. I just want to relax by the sea and get a nice suntan.’

3 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-5) to the endings (a-e).

1 I bought Paul

2 We went on a guided tour

3 Near our campsite there were some stables

4 We left London early in the morning

5 We had breakfast at our B&B in the small town

a and went on a day trip to Cambridge.

b so we went horse-riding.

c a souvenir fridge magnet for his collection.

d and then went out to explore.

e around the ancient amphitheatre.

Grammar

Unit 3 Present perfect simple and Past simple; make: cause and effect

4 Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct Present perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets.

1 A (you/visit/ever) Spain?

B Yes, I (be) to Madrid twice, but I (never/see) Seville.

2 A (you/ever/break) a bone?

B Yes, when I was six. I fell off my bike.

3 A Where’s Mum?

B She (go) to work.

4 A (you/write) your History essay?

B No, I’m going to begin it now.

5 Choose the correct alternative.

1 A Have you seen / Did you see that programme Seaglen?

B Yes, I watched / ’ve watched it last night. It was sad and it made me / ’s made me cry.

2 A Have you ever felt / Did you ever feel really angry?

B Yes, one day I ’ve seen / saw a guy kicking his dog.

A What have you done / did you do?

B It made / makes me so angry that I ’ve gone / went up to him and ’ve told / told him to stop immediately!

3 A I’ve never been / I never went on a cruise. What about you?

B Yes, I have / did, but I didn’t enjoy it. Boats and ships always make / made me feel seasick.

Unit 4 Present perfect simple: just, already, yet, still; for, since

6 Complete the mini-dialogues with the words. for • since (x2) • already • just • yet (x2) • still

1 A Have you heard from Ellie ?

B I sent her a message, but she hasn’t answered me.

2 A Would you like a glass of water?

B No thanks, I’ve had two.

3 A How long have you lived in Glasgow, Grandma?

B almost 50 years –Grandad and I got married.

4 A Is Mum at home?

B Yes, she’s got back. She arrived a moment ago.

5 A Has Lily found her bracelet?

B No, she hasn’t found it . She’s only had it her birthday.

Units 3-4

7 For each answer, choose the correct question: a or b.

1 Since we started secondary school.

a How long do you know Seth?

b How long have you known Seth?

2 For five years, but I like living here in Newcastle more.

a How long did you live in Leeds?

b How long have you lived in Leeds?

3 No, he failed it for the second time.

a Did Hiram pass his driving test?

b Did Hiram fail his driving test?

4 No never, but I’ve been to lots of pizzerias!

a Have you ever ate in a 5-star hotel?

b Have you ever eaten out at a 5-star restaurant?

5 No, I don’t like watersports very much.

a Have you been mountain biking?

b Have you tried kitesurfing yet?

6 Yes, but I prefer ones which make me laugh.

a Did you see that funny film on TV last night?

b Has a film ever made you cry?

7 Yes, it was easy, wasn’t it?

a Have you finished your homework too?

b Do you finish your homework yet?

8 Yes, we have.

a You’ve been to London, haven’t you?

b You’ve been to London, have you?

8 Correct the mistake in each sentence.

1 You’ve been to New York, have you?

2 I’ve won the competition! I’m lucky, am not I?

3 Where are Mum and Dad? – They’re gone to the cinema.

4 I’ve been on holiday for Monday.

5 We haven’t yet visited Buckingham Palace.

6 I’ve still had dinner – five minutes ago.

7 Have you lived in Rome since long?

8 Jon’s tried surfing, has he?

9 That big lunch has made me to feel sleepy.

10 When has the train arrived?

11 I haven’t never been to Japan, but I’d love to go.

12 I’ve seen Anisha in town yesterday.

Starter Unit 4

9 Choose the correct alternative.

1 I hardly ever / often / always go to the theatre because I’m not into drama.

2 Do you enjoy go / to go / going to the cinema? – Yes, I do. I usually go about once a month.

3 Where you go / are you going / do you go next Saturday afternoon?

4 We should see / to see / seeing the cathedral when we visit Canterbury.

5 If you feel too warm, I ’ll open / open / ’m opening the window for you.

6 They meet / meeting / ’re going to meet us at the stadium later.

7 Students don’t have to / haven’t to / mustn’t talk during exams.

8 My house is in Morton Road opposite / between / under the church.

9 You aren’t as tall as / as tall / tall as me.

10 This is more / the most / most expensive hotel in the city. It’s got five stars.

11 The exam was much easier than I expected. I got nothing / anything / everything right.

12 Who eats / ’s eaten / did eat my chocolate? I can’t believe it. There’s none left.

13 When the cat saw the big dog, it ran across / behind / away the road.

14 Where is my bag? It have / is / has disappeared! It was here a minute ago.

15 Why isn’t Ali here? – He is gone / has gone / has been to the dentist. He had an appointment.

16 Where’s my ticket? I can’t find it nowhere / anywhere / somewhere

17 There weren’t much / many / lots people at the concert in the park.

18 I don’t have enough / too few / too little eggs to make an omelette.

19 Is Jake coming to the party? – I’m not sure. He might / will / can come.

20 Were you embarrassed / fed up / disappointed that your team lost? – Of course I was!

21 I founded / found / find your wallet behind the fridge.

– Really? How did it get there?

22 Who did go / was / went to the beach with you on Sunday?

– Someone. / No one. / Anybody. I went alone.

Vocabulary Map it!

Experiences A

1 Complete the maps with the translations.

Feelings and emotions

be in love

go abroad

go on a demonstration

be on TV

break a bone

climb a mountain/ volcano

lose/find something important

see/meet a famous person

cook a meal

do something for charity

sing/perform in public

take a break from social media

eat (Thai food)

enter a talent show

annoyed / annoying

try a watersport

win a competition

bored / boring

depressed / depressing

C

Adjectives:

-ed / -ing

embarrassed / embarrassing

disappointed / disappointing shocked / shocking surprised / surprising worried / worrying excited / exciting

Vocabulary practice 3

Experiences

1 Choose the correct alternative.

Feelings and emotions adjectives

3 106 Complete the sentences with the adjectives. Then listen and check. angry • hurt • disappointed • proud • hopeful • scared • worried • shocked

1 Jen was very that she didn’t pass her driving test.

2 My dad was with me because I lost his tennis racket.

3 Well done! I’m so of you!

Last night I watched a really good documentary. It was about an actor, John Eze (he’s often on 1 TV / films), who decided he wanted to 2 do / make something for the children’s charity UNICEF in Africa. So last year he went to Tanzania to 3 do / climb Mount Kilimanjaro. But it was much more difficult and dangerous than he thought. At one point, he fell and broke a 4 muscle / bone in his arm. He also 5 lost / found his phone when he fell, and couldn’t contact anyone. But he continued climbing – he got to the top of Kilimanjaro with a broken arm! He’s my hero and I’d love to 6 find / meet him one day.

2 Complete the sentences with an appropriate verb in the correct form.

1 Last year my uncle went to Hawaii to a volcano.

2 On Saturday we went to a new restaurant and I Japanese food for the first time. It was delicious!

3 Harry ran a marathon because he wanted to something for charity.

4 Rachel sings really well, but she’s too shy to in public.

5 I wrote a short story today and sent it to the judges. I hope I the competition.

6 It’s Mum’s birthday tomorrow and my brother and I dinner for her. I’m making lasagna.

7 Nathan’s jokes are so funny! I think he should a talent show.

8 That girl is beautiful! I think I might in love!

9 Raj on a demonstration about climate change last week in London.

10 Stan said his flight was a disaster. The airline his bags.

11 We’re going to the police station because we a wallet in the street.

12 Next summer I want to get an interrail ticket and abroad with my friend Frankie.

4 The forest was dark and Tanya was alone. She felt .

5 The twins said some horrible things about Maisie and she was very .

6 Where have you been, boys? We were .

7 I was when she told me the price of the smart watch. It was so expensive!

8 My team lost their last match, but I’m that they’ll win today.

4 Choose the correct alternative.

1 The images on the TV news were very shocked / shocking.

2 My little brother talked for the entire film and we all got annoyed / annoying

3 The rain makes me feel a bit depressed / depressing

4 My exam results were very disappointed / disappointing

5 Which reality show do you think is the most bored / boring?

6 Sam was really surprised / surprising to see Zoe. He thought she was on holiday.

7 Are you excited / exciting about going to New York?

8 When my parents ask me if I have a girlfriend, it’s so embarrassed / embarrassing!

5 Find the incorrect adjective in each sentence and correct it. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1 Max didn’t know anyone at his new school and he felt lonely and proud.

2 Joanna was really scared with the present we bought her. She said she loved it.

3 It was boring to hear from Kate after so long. We couldn’t believe it!

4 Ella is really hurt about going on holiday. She can’t wait!

5 I was so sad when Dad started dancing at my party. Everyone laughed.

6 We were very hopeful when we couldn’t meet the band.

7 I know it’s exciting, but I’m sure Marcus didn’t mean to break your phone.

8 I’ve got nothing to do today. I’m really jealous!

Grammar Goals

A Present perfect simple Use

Si usa il Present perfect simple per:

Q parlare di azioni avvenute in un momento non specificato del passato.

I’ve read that book.

Ho letto quel libro. (non si specifica quando)

Per indicare un periodo di tempo recente ma non precisato si possono usare gli avverbi lately e recently (= ultimamente, di recente) che vanno messi in fondo alla frase. Recently si può mettere anche prima del participio passato.

The weather has been terrible lately.

Il tempo è stato orrendo ultimamente.

Have you heard from Jake recently?

Hai sentito Jake di recente?

My parents have recently bought a new car.

I miei genitori hanno comprato una macchina nuova di recente.

Q descrivere esperienze di vita, spesso con gli avverbi ever, never e before

• ever (= mai) si usa nelle frasi interrogative.

Have you ever lost something important?

Hai mai perso qualcosa di importante?

• never (= mai) richiede il verbo alla forma affermativa ma la frase ha un significato negativo.

We’ve never won a single match.

Non abbiamo mai vinto una singola partita.

• before (= già, prima d’ora / in precedenza).

Have you eaten sushi before?

Hai mangiato il sushi prima d’ora?

I’ve been to this pizzeria before. It’s really good. Sono già stato in questa pizzeria. È davvero buona.

Q dire quante volte si è compiuta un’azione nel passato (ma sempre senza precisare quando).

Elly loves Barcelona. She’s been there three times. Elly ama Barcellona. C’è stata tre volte.

Jack has failed his driving test twice.

Jack è stato bocciato all’esame di guida per due volte.

Q parlare di azioni accadute in un periodo di tempo non ancora concluso, con espressioni come today, this morning/ afternoon/evening, this week/month/year

Have you had breakfast this morning?

Hai fatto colazione stamattina? (sono le 10.00 del mattino)

Q indicare che le azioni passate hanno una conseguenza nel presente.

George has changed school and he’s happier now. George ha cambiato scuola e ora è più contento.

Look! I’ve cut my finger.

Guarda! Mi sono tagliato il dito!

Form

Positive

I/You/We/They have (’ve) worked/gone. He/She/It has (’s) worked/gone.

Negative

I/You/We/They haven’t worked/gone. He/She/It hasn’t worked/gone.

Questions

Have I/you/we/they worked/gone?

Has he/she/it worked/gone?

Short answers

Positive Yes, I/you/we/they have. Yes, he/she/it has.

Negative No, I/you/we/they haven’t. No, he/she/it hasn’t.

1 Il Present perfect simple si forma con il verbo have seguito dal participio passato del verbo principale.

Positive soggetto + have (’ve)/has (’s) + participio passato del verbo I’ve decided to join the gym.

2 Il participio passato (past participle) dei verbi regolari si forma aggiungendo il suffisso -ed alla forma base del verbo. Il participio passato dei verbi irregolari corrisponde alla terza forma del paradigma verbale ( Irregular verbs list p. 232).

3 Per ottenere la forma negativa si aggiunge not a have o has Di solito si usano le forme contratte nell’inglese parlato.

Negative soggetto + have/has + not (n’t) + participio passato del verbo The film hasn’t started

4 Alla forma interrogativa si inverte l’ordine del soggetto e have o has. Le risposte brevi si formano con have/has e haven’t/hasn’t.

Questions and short answers

Have/Has + soggetto + participio passato del verbo + ?

Yes, + soggetto + have/has. No, + soggetto + haven’t/hasn’t. Have you found your keys? – Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

Watch out!

1 Il Present perfect simple si forma sempre con l’ausiliare have/ has e mai con il verbo be I’ve been a bit down lately. Sono stato un po’ giù ultimamente.

2 Ricorda che a differenza dell’italiano, l’avverbio never richiede sempre il verbo alla forma affermativa. I’ve never met a famous person. Non ho mai conosciuto una persona famosa.

B been or gone? Use and form

1 Il verbo go ha due forme al participio passato, been e gone

Osserva la differenza:

Q been indica che il soggetto è ‘andato e tornato’. Have you ever been to Sicily?

Sei mai stato in Sicilia? (sei qui, quindi sei andato e sei tornato)

Mum’s been to the shops, so there’s some ham for lunch. La mamma è stata a fare la spesa, quindi c’è del prosciutto per pranzo. (il prosciutto è in cucina, quindi la mamma è tornata)

Q gone indica che il soggetto è ‘andato, ma non è ancora tornato’. Where has Dad gone? I need to speak to him.

Dov’è andato papà? Gli devo parlare. (è andato via)

Myra isn’t here. She’s gone to the dentist’s.

Myra non c’è. È andata dal dentista. (e non è ancora tornata)

2 Ricorda che been è anche il participo passato del verbo be

I’ve been at home all day. Sono stata a casa tutto il giorno.

C Present perfect simple vs Past simple Use

1 Il Present perfect simple descrive un’azione avvenuta in un momento non precisato del passato. I’ve seen that film. Ho visto quel film.

2 Il Past simple descrive un’azione avvenuta in un periodo di tempo passato concluso. Si usa quando nella frase ci sono espressioni di tempo passato definito come yesterday, last week, a month ago, ecc. oppure quando è evidente dal contesto che ci si riferisce a un tempo passato concluso. Last year, we moved from Bristol to Leeds. At first, I didn’t like Leeds and I had no friends at my new school. I missed my friends in Bristol. But then things got better.

L’anno scorso ci siamo trasferiti da Bristol a Leeds. All’inizio Leeds non mi piaceva e non avevo amici nella mia nuova scuola. Mi mancavano i miei amici di Bristol. Ma poi le cose sono migliorate.

3 Si usa il Past simple anche per esprimere azioni appena avvenute se nella frase c’è un’espressione di tempo passato definito Where’s Harry? – He left a few minutes ago.

Dov’è Harry? – È andato via qualche minuto fa.

4 In una conversazione si usa il Present perfect simple per raccontare un’esperienza o dare notizie in generale, e il Past simple per parlare dei dettagli (quando, come è avvenuta).

A Have you been to France?

B Yes, I have.

A When did you go?

B I went there two years ago. I visited Paris and Lyon.

A Sei stato in Francia?

B Sì.

A Quando ci sei andato?

B Ci sono andato due anni fa. Ho visitato Parigi e Lione.

Watch out!

Alcune espressioni come this morning, this afternoon, ecc. possono essere usate sia con il Present perfect simple sia con il Past simple a seconda che il periodo di tempo sia concluso oppure no.

I’ve answered ten messages this morning.

Ho risposto a dieci messaggi stamattina. (è ancora mattina = periodo di tempo non concluso)

I answered ten messages this morning.

Ho risposto a dieci messaggi stamattina. (ora è pomeriggio = la mattina è un periodo di tempo concluso)

D make: cause and effect

Use

Si può usare il verbo make per indicare ‘causa ed effetto’, cioè per parlare di qualcosa che causa una sensazione o emozione, o che provoca un’azione o reazione.

Sad films always make my sister cry.

I film tristi fanno sempre piangere mia sorella.

Exams make me nervous. Gli esami mi rendono nervoso.

Form

Positive

soggetto + make + complemento + forma base del verbo This programme makes my dad laugh a lot!

soggetto + make + complemento + aggettivo

You make me happy.

soggetto + make + complemento + forma base + aggettivo Your kind words make me feel better.

Negative

sogg. + don’t/doesn’t make + complemento + forma base / aggettivo This programme isn’t funny. It doesn’t make me laugh.

Questions and short answers

Do/Does + sogg. + make + compl. + forma base / aggettivo + ?

Do rude people make you angry? – Yes, they do.

Si può usare questa costruzione con tutti i tempi verbali. That film made me cry!

Stop driving so fast. You’re making me nervous. That sandwich has made me feel a bit sick.

Watch out!

A differenza dell’italiano, in inglese il complemento precede sempre il verbo o l’aggettivo.

The strong wind made the tree fall down.

(NON The strong wind made fall the tree.)

Il vento forte ha fatto cadere l’albero.

Grammar Map it! 1 Complete the maps or choose the correct alternative.

Form

Present perfect simple

Positive

I’ve met my favourite singer three times.

soggetto + have / has + 1 del verbo

Negative

Lily hasn’t tried a watersport before.

soggetto + have / has + not ( 2 ) + participio passato del verbo

Questions and short answers

Have you started your homework?

– Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

3 / Has + soggetto + participio passato del verbo + ?

Yes, + soggetto + have / 4 .

No, + soggetto + 5 / hasn’t.

been or gone?

Present

Use

• Parlare di azioni avvenute in un momento non specificato del passato.

• Descrivere esperienze di vita, spesso con gli avverbi ever, never e before.

• Dire quante volte si è compiuta un’azione nel passato (ma sempre senza precisare quando).

• Parlare di azioni accadute in un periodo di tempo non ancora concluso.

• Indicare che le azioni passate hanno una conseguenza nel presente.

Use

Have you ever been to China? Indica che il soggetto è andato ed 1 tornato. verb go

I 1 ’ve eaten / ate Japanese food last night.

Il 2 :

• descrive un’azione avvenuta in un periodo di tempo passato concluso.

• si usa con espressioni come yesterday, last week, a month ago, ecc.

Kyle’s a great swimmer. He 3 ’s won / won lots of competitions.

Il 4

descrive un’azione avvenuta in un momento non precisato del passato.

Si possono usare entrambi i tempi con espressioni come this morning, this afternoon a seconda che il periodo di tempo sia concluso oppure no.

I called Mia this morning. (è sera)

I’ve made a few phone calls this morning. (è ancora mattina)

perfect simple vs Past simple

Present perfect simple

1 Choose the correct alternative.

1 Oscar is / has arrived. He’s in the living room.

2 You’re late. The lesson’s begun / began.

3 A Have you bought a present for Ed?

B Yes, I ’ve bought / have.

4 We haven’t / have never been here before.

5 A Has / Is Sunita left?

B No, she hasn’t / isn’t

6 Have you ate / eaten all the biscuits?

2 Match the base forms of the verbs (1-10) to their past participle (a-j).

4 Look at the notes. What has Dylan done (✓) or not done (✗) in his life? Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Present perfect simple and never where necessary.

meet Cristiano Ronaldo ✓ sing in public ✗ try kitesurfing ✗ run 10 km for charity ✓

go to Greece ✓ ride a horse ✓ win a competition ✗ be in love ✗

1 Dylan Cristiano Ronaldo.

2 He in public.

3 He kitesurfing.

4 He 10 km for charity.

5 He to Greece.

6 He a horse.

7 He a competition.

8 He in love.

5 Complete the sentences (1-6) with the Present perfect simple of the verbs in brackets. Then match the events to their consequences in the present (a-f).

1 Mohammed (break) his leg.

2 You (not load) the dishwasher.

3 It (rain).

4 Phoebe (not phone).

5 The train (leave).

3 107 Complete the mini-dialogues with the verbs from Ex. 2. Use the correct form of the Present perfect simple. Then listen and check.

1

A Olivia is very shy. She sings fantastically, but she (not) in public before.

I hope the school concert goes well.

B (she) singing lessons with a professional coach?

6 I (lose) weight.

a The grass is wet.

b I don’t know if she’s going to come.

c We have to catch the next one.

d He’s in hospital.

e These jeans are too big now.

f There are no clean plates.

2

A What (you) to your hair? You seem completely different.

B I it. That’s all. This is my natural look when I don’t use gel.

3

A Harry a camper van.

B But he (not) a camper van before.

A He drives a car. It won’t be difficult to learn.

4

A I my identity card. I can’t find it anywhere. (you) it?

B No, I haven’t. Maybe you it somewhere. (you) in your bag?

6 Write questions in the Present perfect simple using the adverbs in brackets. Then write short answers that are true for you.

1 you/take/a selfie with a famous person/? (ever)

2 anyone/invite/you to the cinema/? (lately)

3 your parents/give/you a present/? (recently)

4 you and your friends/take part/in a flash mob/? (ever)

5 your/English teacher/give/you a test/? (lately)

6 you/try/scuba diving/? (ever)

7 you/study/this grammar/? (before)

8 anyone in your family/be/on TV/? (ever)

Grammar practice

been or gone?

7 Choose the correct alternative.

Billy Hi, is Jake at home?

Jake’s mum Sorry, he’s been / gone to football practice and he won’t be back until eight.

Billy Do you know if he has been / gone to the library?

I asked him to get me a book when he went there this afternoon.

Jake’s mum Sorry, I don’t know if he has been / gone there or not. I can’t see any books here. Do you want to come in and wait for him?

Billy No, thanks. I have to go home and help my dad with my little sister. Mum isn’t here tonight. She’s been / gone to see a friend who has been / gone in hospital. They’re having dinner together, so Dad has to cook.

10 108 Complete the sentences with the correct Past simple or Present perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check.

1 Zoe (send) me this photo yesterday on WhatsApp. It’s so cool.

2 The students (do) the test last week, but nobody (pass).

3 How many times (you/go) to a concert?

4 We (not hear) from Katie recently.

5 My best friend (enter) a talent competition two years ago and (win)!

6 Look! Lisa (cut) her hair.

7 I (never/try) a water sport. I’m frightened of the water.

8 Eddie (walk) two hundred kilometres for charity last year.

9 (you/ever/ take) a break from social media for a week?

10 Someone (take) my bag!

11 Gosh! It’s already two o’clock. I (be) so busy this morning, that I (not stop). I need some lunch!

8 Complete the sentences with the Present perfect simple of be or go.

1 Where (you)? Mum asked me where you were, and I didn’t know.

2 I (not) well all day. I may have a temperature.

3 We to the USA twice: once to New York and once to California.

4 Can I take a message? Mr Trent isn’t in the office. He to an appointment.

5 Today wonderful. Thank you for inviting me.

6 Are you sure that we here before? I don’t remember this place.

Present perfect simple vs Past simple

9 Choose the correct alternative.

1 I ’ve drunk / drank all the cola. There isn’t any left.

2 What time did their train arrive / has their train arrived?

3 Luke didn’t see / hasn’t seen Tom last night.

4 A Have you ever been / Did you go to London?

B No, never, but I’d like to one day.

5 The players have played / played well last Saturday.

6 I ’ve been / was worried about you lately.

12 It’s almost eleven. I (not have) a break this morning. Shall we have a snack?

11 Maya has been on a demonstration in London about cuts to education. She’s talking about it with her cousin Theo. Complete the dialogue with the correct Past simple or Present perfect simple form of the verbs in brackets or short answers.

Theo How (the demonstration/be) yesterday?

Maya It (be) brilliant. There (be) thousands of us, all students. We (meet) in Hyde Park and we (walk) to the Houses of Parliament. We (stop) all the traffic.

(you/ever/go) on a demonstration?

Theo No, . I think you were right to go. Education is important for everyone.

Maya Yes, I think that the government (not listen) to our worries. It (not do) enough for schools. A lot of people (ignore) the problem until recently. Now they (wake up) to the fact that there will be negative consequences for society in the future if we can’t guarantee a quality education for young people today.

Complete the blog with the Past simple or Present perfect simple form of the verbs. Include the adverbs in brackets.

worry • decide • be (x5) • get • begin • feel • give • start • invite • arrive • tell

make: cause and effect

14 Reorder the words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1 I’m cutting an onion and . (me/’s/cry/making/it)

2 When you have to speak in public, ? (you/it/make/nervous/does)

3 Cary ate some fish that wasn’t fresh and . (feel/her/it/made/sick)

4 Don’t think about the exam. . (make/It/stressed/you/feel/’ll)

5 I’m surprised that that film (make/scared/didn’t/you). I thought it was terrifying!

6 Skateboarding (Alex/happier/feel/made) and (him/made/his problems/it/forget).

I (never) interested in doing extreme sports because I (always) about how dangerous they are, but last month a friend me to try white water rafting and I to go.

I nervous but excited at the same time. That is… until I saw the river! The force and the speed of the water frightening and the rocks enormous.

I to feel terrible. Then the instructors . They us all the necessary equipment and they us what to do and not do. Then we all into the raft and it moving. It all so fast and exhilarating! I (never) so excited in my life. I definitely want to do it again one day!

15 109 Complete the sentences with the correct form of make + the expressions and the words in brackets. In some sentences, the first part of the tense is given. Then listen and check. feel ill • angry • feel nervous • more aggressive • feel bad • excited

1 I don’t want to think about the exam tomorrow. When I think about it, it (me).

2 The news that Harry Styles is giving a concert in Manchester in July has (all the fans).

3 I couldn’t read on the train because it (me). It gave me a headache.

4 Sarah’s really sorry that she told Oscar she didn’t love him. It (her) when she thinks about it.

5 Stop arguing with your dad. You are (him).

6 Be careful! If you look directly into the eyes of a dog which you don’t know when it’s barking at you, it might (it).

16 Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of make.

1 We’ll feel more energetic after going to the gym. Going to the gym .

2 The aspirin hasn’t worked. I don’t feel better. The aspirin

3 Did you laugh at the film? Did ?

4 If you don’t tell the truth, Mum will be angry. Not telling the truth

5 Dad gets depressed when he watches the news on TV. Watching .

13 Write three sentences saying what you did or didn’t do last month and three sentences saying what you have or haven’t done this year.

Summative practice Communication

Reacting to good and bad news

1 110 Choose the correct alternative. Then listen and check.

Lily Hi Dan, you look a bit fed up. How did that happen? / What’s wrong?

Dan My dad’s pretty annoyed at me.

Lily Oh dear. Why? What’s happened? / What did happen?

Dan I’ve lost the keys for his bike. I borrowed it yesterday to go for a ride in the park and when I got back home, I couldn’t find the keys.

Lily How did you do that? / That’s great news.

Dan I’m not sure, but I fell off the bike near the river, so maybe…

Lily I’m really happy for you. / You’re kidding! Are you OK?

Dan Yes, I’m fine, but I think the keys fell out of my pocket.

Lily Good for you. / What a pity. Have you looked for them?

Dan Not yet.

Lily Don’t worry. / Well done. I’m sure you’ll find them.

Dan I’m not that hopeful. They could be anywhere…

Lily Cheer up. / You’re kidding. I’ll help you look for them.

Dan Really? Thanks Lily, that’s brilliant. / that’s awful.

Lily No problem. Two pairs of eyes are better than one!

Unit 3

1 VOCABULARY Complete the text with the words. worried • perform • in love • hopeful • upset • enter • depressed • excited

Colours and emotions are closely linked. Red, orange and yellow are all ‘warm’ colours and they make us feel happy, 1 and energetic. Red can also make you feel 2 and passionate (it’s the colour we think of when we’re 3 ), or it can signal danger. The ‘cool’ colours are green, blue, and purple. They usually make us feel calm, so they help us to be less 4 or 5 . However, some tones of these colours can also make us feel a bit sad or 6 . Purple often helps us to feel creative and confident. If you want to 7 a talent competition and 8 in public, wear something purple!

2 GRAMMAR Correct the mistake in each sentence.

1 Did you seen my glasses anywhere?

2 Amy has cutted her hand on a glass.

3 We’re worried because Traynor haven’t come home yet.

4 I’ve ever eaten sushi. I’d love to try it.

5 My mum’s been to Paris this week for work. She’ll be back tomorrow.

6 Two years ago I’ve gone to Machu Picchu in Peru. It was amazing!

7 This song always makes me to cry.

8 Her letter has made angry me.

9 Did you see this film before?

10 Drink this water. It will make you felt better.

2 Read each statement and write an appropriate reaction.

1 I can’t come to Toby’s party on Saturday.

2 Sarah’s got a summer job at the zoo.

3 My parents are really annoyed because I got home late.

4 Ben had a cycling accident and broke his leg.

5 We’ve won some money in the lottery!

6 I didn’t pass last week’s Physics test.

11 Did you heard from your sister recently?

12 Have you ever gone to the USA, Jack?

3 111 DICTATION Listen and write what the woman says about Bear Grylls, a survival expert and TV presenter.

TRANSLATION Translate the text about YOLO experiences into English.

Hai mai sentito parlare di un’esperienza YOLO? YOLO significa ‘You only live once’. Un’esperienza YOLO è un’esperienza incredibile che non hai mai fatto prima, ma che vorresti provare almeno ( just) una volta nella vita. La maggior parte delle persone sceglie un’esperienza che li farà sentire emozionati o felici, come scalare una montagna o conoscere il loro cantante preferito. Ma altri scelgono un’attività che li farà sentire terrorizzati: forse non hanno mai provato il surf, o vogliono fare bungee jumping o nuotare con gli squali (sharks)!

Unit 3 Starter

5 WRITING Write about the best thing or activity you have ever done (100 words). Include this information:

• what you did

• why you wanted to do it

• where you did it

• how it made you feel

The Great White Experience

What is the Great White Experience?

Do you love extreme watersports? Are you looking for a really amazing experience?

Our Great White Experience will definitely get your adrenalin pumping – we promise you won’t be disappointed! But you won’t just be excited, you’ll also be surprised. This is your ‘once-in-a-lifetime’ chance to get close to some of the ocean’s most incredible predators. What you’ll learn will fascinate you. Do I have to be able to dive?

We organise shark tours in Mexico and South Africa and no diving experience is necessary. If you haven’t swum in the open ocean before, that isn’t a problem. For the swimming-with-sharks experience, you will be safe inside a protected cage near the surface of the water. We will give you special snorkelling equipment for air when you’re under the water.

Is it dangerous?

There are lots of myths about sharks and many people believe they are killing machines. These animals are as big as cars and faster than jet-skis, but there’s no need to be scared. Scientists say you are more likely to be killed by a dog than by a shark! On board our shark safari boat there will be two expert marine biologists. They have dedicated their lives to the study of sharks and know all about their behaviour. If there is the least sign of danger, they will get you out of the water immediately. And they’ll also share lots of interesting information about the habits of great white sharks, so you will really learn a lot about these amazing animals.

1 112 READING INVALSI Read and listen to the text. Then match the beginnings of the sentences (1-6) to their endings (A-H). There are two extra endings that you should not use.

1 The tour is for

2 You don’t have to

3 During the swim you’ll be

4 Sharks kill

5 Experts on the boat will

6 They’ll also tell you

A be able to dive.

B teach you how to dive.

C people who enjoy extreme experiences.

D expert divers.

E about sharks’ habits.

F people very rarely.

G keep you safe.

H inside a special cage.

2 Answer the questions. Write complete sentences.

1 Why is the experience fascinating as well as exciting?

2 Where do they organise the tours to swim with sharks?

3 What equipment will they give you?

4 Describe the great white sharks in these areas.

5 What is most people’s opinion about sharks?

6 What do scientists say about this?

GOING PLACES 4

Vocabulary Map it!

Holidays A

1 Complete the maps with the translations.

camping holiday

skiing holiday

Holiday accommodation B

activity holiday

city break

cruise

backpacking holiday

beach holiday

Holiday activities C

package holiday

safari

study holiday

apartment

volunteering holiday

B&B (bed and breakfast)

working holiday

buy a souvenir

eat out at a restaurant

explore the town/city

go mountain biking

relax by the pool

D

go on a day trip

sunbathe on the beach

go sightseeing

take a guided tour

go to a theme park

try a new sport

go horse-riding

go to a water park

visit a tourist attraction

Adjectives to describe places

holiday villa

campsite hotel

camper van youth hostel

ancient crowded

busy

gorgeous stunning

impressive wonderful

Vocabulary practice 4

Holidays

1 What types of holidays are 1-6?

1 a holiday in the sun, at the seaside

2 a short holiday in a capital or in a big town

3 a budget holiday where you visit lots of places and don’t take much luggage

4 a winter holiday doing sport in the mountains

5 a holiday in a tent

6 a holiday where you do lots of sports and/or have experiences

2 Complete the sentences with types of holidays.

1 Thomas is on a in Australia as a surfing instructor.

2 My parents went on a to Namibia to see the desert lions.

3 We went on a cheap in Spain last year. The travel company did everything – it was really easy.

4 My big brother is going on a in India with the charity UNICEF.

5 I don’t think I’d like a –I prefer to get away from my books at the end of term!

6 Simon thinks a would be quite boring because you’re on the ship all the time.

Holiday accommodation

3 Read what the people said about their holidays and write the accommodation.

‘It was under the trees beside the beach and the showers were very good.’

‘They were a nice couple and every morning they made us bacon and eggs – we didn’t have to eat for the rest of the day!’

‘We found it online. It was quite modern and clean. Luckily, there was a lift as it was on the 5 floor!’

Holiday activities

4 Complete the sentences with 1-3 words.

1 Sam and Julie hired bikes. It’s the best way to Amsterdam.

2 A Did you any when you went to Venice?

B Yes, we bought some Murano glass.

3 Food in Thailand was really cheap. We restaurants every night.

4 It’s too hot to walk around. Let’s just the pool.

5 Mum wants to visit the castle tomorrow. Shall we tour?

6 I love holidays where I can just swim in the sea and beach.

7 Have you ever windsurfing?

8 Jack Disneyland twice when he was in Los Angeles.

5 113 Complete the sentences with holiday activities. Then listen and check.

1 I’d like to go in Mongolia. I love horses and wild camping.

2 Shall we go on a to the lake tomorrow? We can be back home for dinner.

3 For my sister’s birthday we went to a near Verona called Gardaland.

4 My parents always want to go when we’re on holiday. I’m fed up with monuments!

5 I’m in a cycling club with some friends and this summer I’m going in Trentino with them.

6 It’s great to go to a and play in the pools when it’s hot and sunny.

Adjectives to describe places

‘We booked allinclusive, but in the end, we ate out every night as the restaurant wasn’t very good. The rooms were OK though.’

‘It was very cheap, but there was another group of students who came back late every night and made a lot of noise.’

6 Choose the correct alternative.

1 We climbed to the top of Mount Etna and the views over the coast were stunning / busy

2 I didn’t like the bazaar in Marrakesh – it was too wonderful / crowded.

3 We watched the sun come up over Mont Blanc – it was really ancient / impressive

4 The islands in Thailand are so beautiful and the beaches are gorgeous / ancient.

5 Via Condotti in Rome is always busy / wonderful with tourists.

6 We had a crowded / wonderful holiday in Portugal last year.

A Present perfect simple + just

Use and form

just = appena

Si usa l’avverbio just con il Present perfect simple per tradurre l’italiano ‘appena’. Si mette prima del participio passato. I have just had breakfast.

Ho appena fatto colazione.

Has the lesson just started?

È appena iniziata la lezione?

Watch out!

Oltre a essere un avverbio di tempo, just può avere anche i seguenti significati. Fai attenzione a non confonderli.

Q just = solo

I just want to know what time you will be back.

Voglio solo sapere a che ora tornerai.

Q just = proprio, esattamente

That’s just what I meant.

È proprio ciò che intendevo.

B Present perfect simple + already, yet, still

Use and form

already = già

1 Si usa already nelle frasi affermative con il Present perfect simple per indicare che qualcosa è avvenuto prima di quanto ci si aspettasse. Already si mette prima del participio passato. It’s only March and we’ve already booked our summer holidays.

È solo marzo e abbiamo già prenotato le vacanze estive.

2 Si può usare already anche nelle frasi interrogative per esprimere sorpresa.

Has the parcel already arrived? Great!

È già arrivato il pacco? Bene!

not yet = non ancora, yet = già

3 Si usa yet nelle frasi negative e interrogative con il Present perfect simple per indicare che qualcosa non è ancora avvenuto ma ci si aspetta che accada presto. Yet si mette alla fine della frase.

Sara hasn’t answered my message yet.

Sara non ha ancora risposto al mio messaggio.

Has the teacher corrected the tests yet?

L’insegnante ha già corretto le verifiche?

still = ancora

4 Si usa still nelle frasi negative con il Present perfect simple con lo stesso significato di yet, ma still dà più enfasi al fatto che l’azione non si è ancora verificata. Può anche esprimere una certa irritazione o preoccupazione. Still si mette prima di have/ has

Erika promised to call me, but she still hasn’t phoned. Erika ha promesso di chiamarmi ma non ha ancora telefonato.

C Present perfect simple + for and since Use and form

1 Si usa il Present perfect simple con for e since per indicare da quanto tempo durano una situazione o un’azione.

I have known Tom since 2017. Conosco Tom dal 2017.

2 For e since corrispondono entrambi a ‘da’ in italiano. Si usa:

Q for per indicare la durata (per quanto tempo). Meg has studied dance for three years. Meg studia danza da tre anni.

Q since per indicare il momento di inizio dell’azione/situazione. Meg has studied dance since she was twelve Meg studia danza da quando aveva dodici anni.

3 Alla forma negativa il Present perfect simple con for e since descrive un’azione che non si compie da tempo.

I haven’t seen Alice for a few weeks. Non vedo Alice da qualche settimana.

4 Ecco alcune espressioni di uso comune con for e since

for...

two hours = due ore

a few weeks = qualche settimana

four months = quattro mesi

a year = un anno the last few days/weeks/ months/years = gli ultimi giorni/settimane/mesi/anni the past year = l’anno scorso a short time = poco tempo

a long time = molto tempo a while = un po’ (di tempo) ages = tanto tempo, un’eternità

since...

midday = mezzogiorno

5 pm = le 17.00

Tuesday = martedì

June 12th = il 12 giugno last winter = lo scorso inverno

2020 = 2020 last year = l’anno scorso then = quel momento, allora I was born = quando sono nato I was young = quando ero piccolo

5 Per informarsi sulla durata di una situazione o di un’azione che continuano tuttora, si usa How long…? con il Present perfect simple (= Da/Per quanto tempo…?, Da quando…?).

How long has your cousin lived in London? Da quanto tempo tuo cugino abita a Londra?

Watch out!

1 A differenza dell’italiano, in inglese non si usa il presente per parlare di situazioni o azioni che durano nel tempo. He has been a nurse for three years.

(NON He is a nurse for three years.)

Fa l’infermiere da tre anni.

2 Attenzione alla differenza di significato tra i verbi meet (= incontrare, conoscere per la prima volta – verbo d’azione) e know (= conoscere – verbo di stato).

How did you meet your girlfriend? (NON How did you know… ?)

Come hai conosciuto la tua ragazza?

How long have you known her?

Da quanto tempo la conosci?

Present perfect simple vs Past simple: How long…?, for, since Use and form

1 Occorre fare attenzione alla differenza tra Present perfect simple e Past simple quando si usano con How long...?, for e since

Q Si usa il Present perfect simple con How long...?, for e since per indicare una situazione/azione che è iniziata nel passato e continua nel presente.

How long have you had this bike?

– I’ve had it since last year.

Da quanto tempo hai questa bici?

– Ce l’ho dall’anno scorso. (continuo ad averla)

Q Si usa il Past simple con How long...? e for per indicare una situazione/azione che è durata per un certo periodo di tempo ma che adesso è terminata.

How long did you have your old bike?

– I had it for two years.

Per quanto tempo hai avuto la tua vecchia bici?

– L’ho avuta per due anni. (ora non ce l’ho più)

2 Non si usa il Past simple prima di since, ma il Present perfect simple.

I’ve had my bike since last year. (NON I had my bike since…) Ho la mia bici dall’anno scorso.

Watch out!

Con i verbi che indicano azioni molto brevi di cui non si percepisce la durata (come leave, arrive, start, finish, stop) di solito si usa il Past simple. Le espressioni come ‘da mezz’ora’, ‘da due ore’, ecc. devono essere trasformate in ‘mezz’ora fa’, ‘due ore fa’ ecc. Quindi non si usa for ma ago.

Chris è arrivato da cinque minuti. (è arrivato cinque minuti fa)

Chris arrived five minutes ago. (NON ... for five minutes)

Il programma è finito da mezz’ora. (è finito mezz’ora fa)

The programme finished half an hour ago

Stanno ancora giocando? – No, hanno smesso di giocare da qualche minuto. (hanno smesso qualche minuto fa)

Are they still playing? – No, they stopped playing a few minutes ago.

E Question tags Use

Le question tags sono domande che si aggiungono in fondo a una frase per controllare informazioni, chiedere conferma o una risposta a un’affermazione. Corrispondono alle espressioni ‘vero?/ non è vero?’, ‘no?’.

This pasta is very nice, isn’t it?

Questa pasta è buonissima, vero?

It isn’t very far, is it?

Non è molto lontano, no?

You’re from London, aren’t you?

Sei di Londra, non è vero?

Form

1 Le question tags si formano ripetendo l’ausiliare o il modale della frase principale seguito dal pronome soggetto. Per esempio, se il verbo della frase principale è al Present simple, la question tag si costruisce con do/does/don’t/doesn’t; se il verbo principale è al Past simple, nella question tag si usa did/didn’t e così via.

2 Se la frase è affermativa, la question tag è negativa e viceversa.

Frase principale affermativa Question tag negativa

That’s your school, isn’t it?

You’ve got a scooter, haven’t you?

James can sing, can’t he?

Zoe lives in Oxford, doesn’t she?

They’re studying, aren’t they?

Joe bought a new phone, didn’t he?

They’ve been to Spain, haven’t they?

Dad will help us, won’t he?

Frase principale negativa Question tag affermativa

That isn’t your school, is it?

You haven’t got a scooter, have you?

James can’t sing, can he?

Zoe doesn’t live in Oxford, does she?

They aren’t studying, are they?

Joe didn’t buy a new phone, did he?

They haven’t been to Spain, have they?

Dad won’t help us, will he?

3 Quando la frase contiene parole di significato negativo come never, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none of, la question tag è affermativa.

You’ve never met Oliver, have you? (NON … haven’t you?)

Non hai mai conosciuto Oliver, vero?

Watch out!

1 Con la forma affermativa della prima persona singolare del verbo be, am/’m, si usa aren’t nella question tag

I’m early, aren’t I? (NON … am not I?)

Sono in anticipo, vero?

2 Nelle question tags negative di solito si usano le forme contratte. It’s really hot, isn’t it? (NON … is not it?)

Fa davvero caldo, no?

3 Quando il soggetto della frase principale è somebody, anybody, nobody, no one, il soggetto della question tag è they.

Somebody has walked the dog today, haven’t they?

Qualcuno ha portato fuori il cane oggi, vero?

4 Se la frase è introdotta da there, il soggetto della question tag è there

There weren’t many people, were there?

Non c’era molta gente, vero?

Grammar Map it! 1 Complete the maps or choose the correct alternative.

just

I’ve just booked my flight.

Con il Present perfect simple significa 1 .

We just want to relax by the pool.

That’s just what I said.

Just può anche significare 2 o 3 .

already

I’m sorry, Mr Rockwell has already left.

Significa 4 .

Si usa nelle frasi affermative per indicare che qualcosa è accaduto prima di quanto ci si aspettasse e nelle frasi interrogative per esprimere sorpresa.

(not) yet

We haven’t decided where to go on holiday yet. Have you bought any souvenirs yet?

Not yet significa 5 , yet significa 6

Si usa nelle frasi negative (not yet) e interrogative (yet) per indicare che qualcosa non è ancora accaduto ma ci si aspetta che accada presto. still

I’ve sent three messages to Ava, but she still hasn’t replied

Significa 7 .

Si usa nelle frasi negative per dare enfasi al fatto che qualcosa non è ancora accaduto. Può anche esprimere una certa irritazione o preoccupazione.

for, since

My uncle has worked on a cruise ship for two years.

I’ve loved dogs since I was a kid.

Entrambi significano 8

9 Since / For indica la durata (per quanto tempo).

10 Since / For indica il momento di inizio dell’azione/ situazione.

How long...?

How long have you studied English?

– Since primary school.

Significa 11

Question tags

It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?

I haven’t seen that film, have you?

frase affermativa + question tag 1

frase negativa + question tag 2

Si usano per:

• controllare informazioni e fatti.

• chiedere conferma o una risposta a un’affermazione.

Present perfect simple

Present perfect simple + just

1 Reorder the words in brackets to complete the mini-dialogues.

1 A Do you want a glass of water?

B No, thanks. (one/had/I/just/’ve)

2 A Oh, there you are. Where were you? B

(been/to/’ve/just/the shops/I)

3 A Does James still work at the café on Saturdays?

B No.

(He/started/a/just/job/has/new)

4 A Don’t ask me for more pocket money. (just/you/your/I/given/’ve/pocket money)

5 A Is lunch ready? I’m hungry! B ! (ham sandwich/just/you/a/eaten/’ve/But)

6 A What’s wrong? B (’s/stopped/My/just/phone/working)

2 Complete the sentences with the Present perfect simple of the verbs and just. miss • start • leave • ring • wash • make • go

1 A Am I very late?

B No, don’t worry. The lesson .

2 Hi, Beth. It’s Dan. My train , so I think I’ll get to Oxford just after four.

3 A What’s all this water on the bathroom floor?

B I the dog in the bath. Sorry, I’ll clean everything now.

4 A Is Meg here?

B Sorry, she to Ann’s house. You her.

5 Someone the doorbell. Can you go?

6 I some biscuits. Do you want one?

3 What does just mean in these sentences? Choose the correct alternative.

1 We have just come back from Spain. We got back this morning.

= solo / appena

2 I’m not very hungry. I just want a little rice.

= solo / appena

3 A I found my phone in the bathroom.

B That’s just where I told you to look.

= appena / esattamente

4 Just Anna and Dylan have said they’re coming.

= esattamente / solo

Present perfect simple + already, yet, still

4 Mason’s mum wants to know if everyone in the family has done the jobs they had to do. Write her questions using yet. Then write Mason’s short answers.

Mason • empty the dishwasher ✓

• walk the dog ✗

Clara • take out the rubbish ✗

• go to the dentist’s ✓

the twins • tidy their room ✗

• feed the rabbit ✗

Dad • cut the grass ✓

• cook lunch ✗

• make cupcakes with Clara ✓

1 Mason, (you/empty)? .

(Clara/go)? .

(the twins/tidy)? .

(they/feed)? .

(Dad/cut)? .

(Dad/cook)?

5 114 Now complete the phone call between Mason and his mum. Use the information in Ex. 4 and already or not … yet. Use still when Mason’s mum seems irritated or worried. Then listen and check.

Mason I (not walk/the dog) but I’ll do it soon.

Mum OK, but it’s already lunchtime and the dog (not be out) today. What about Clara? I know she (go) to the dentist’s, but did she remember to take out the rubbish?

Mason No, she (not take/it/out).

Mum What? If she (not do) it, it’s too late. They collect it at around ten. What about the rabbit? I told the twins to feed it before I left this morning.

Mason They (not feed/it).

Mum I don’t believe it! They (not done) anything I asked them to do! I’m so angry with them.

Mason Dad (cut) the grass. The garden looks great.

Mum Yes, that’s good. But you said he (not cook) lunch. It’s almost one!

Mason No, but he and Clara (make) some cupcakes! They’re delicious!

Grammar practice

Present perfect simple + for and since

6 Write for or since.

1 May

2 a day

3 all my life

4 yesterday afternoon

5 you arrived

6 ages

7 a long time

8 9.00 pm

9 nine hours

10 2017

11 weeks

12 Christmas Day

13 two nights

14 a few minutes

15 the past year

16 the last two months

7 Choose the correct alternative.

1 How much time/ How long has your sister done judo?

2 We’ve had our dog Rocco for / since we moved here. We got him from a friend.

3 Erica has studied / studies Spanish since 2018. She does it at school.

4 I’ve never met / known Elsa. I’d like to know / meet her one day.

5 Harry has lived in Cambridge for the last year / last year.

6 Lily’s met / known her best friend for / since they were at primary school together.

8 Write questions with How long for these answers.

1 A ?

B I’ve worn contact lenses since February. I don’t like wearing glasses.

2 A ?

B Sam’s worked here for four months now.

3 A ?

B Alex and Olivia have been married for two years.

4 A ?

B Tracy has played volleyball since she stopped playing tennis two years ago.

5 A ?

B Jessica and Mia have done gymnastics since they were eight years old.

9 115 Ava is having an interview for a summer job. It’s as a babysitter for an English family in France. Read part of her CV and complete the interview with the Present perfect simple of the verbs in brackets and for, since or how long. Then listen and check.

Skills current driving licence good cooking skills

Languages French (B2 level) Inter ests tennis, guitar

Ray Hello, Ava. Nice to meet you. I’m Ray, the children’s dad. Ava Nice to meet you.

Ray Now, we’ve already spoken on the phone, but I want to check a few more things. I see you have a driving licence. (you/have) it? Is it recent or (you/drive) for a long time?

Ava I (have) it 2019.

Ray It says here you can cook quite well. (you/be able) to cook?

Ava I (cook) for my mum and dad I was fifteen. I love cooking.

Ray And you can speak French very well.

Ava I (study) it nine years.

Ray And you can play tennis. Is that right?

Ava Yes, and I can teach it too.

Ray Really? (you/teach) it?

Ava I (teach) tennis three years. I (play) it primary school.

Present perfect simple vs Past simple: How long…?, for, since

10 Choose the correct alternative.

1 We ’ve lived / lived in London for three years, but then we moved to Bristol last year.

2 Sorry, I’m late. How long have you been / were you here?

3 A My computer broke last month. I had to buy a new one.

B How long have you had / did you have your old one?

4 Myra ’s worn / wore glasses for years before she decided to start using contact lenses.

5 I haven’t eaten / didn’t eat meat for years. I’m vegetarian.

6 You haven’t played / didn’t play video games for just an hour yesterday! You ’ve been / were on the games console for hours.

11 Complete the sentences or questions with the Present perfect simple or Past simple of the verbs in brackets. Add for or since where necessary.

1 I (not have) a break hours. I’m tired. I’ll stop for a bit.

2 A Your sister has got beautiful long hair.

B Yes. She (have) long hair she was ten.

3 Cary (enjoy) going to dance classes years until suddenly last year she (decide) to stop. I don’t know why.

4 A How long (your parents/live) in Australia?

B They (live) there five years when they first got married.

5 This tablet (not work) properly I bought it last month.

6 A How long (you/know) Mattie?

B I (know) her she started coming to this gym.

Question tags

12 Underline the verbs in the sentences. Then complete them with the question tags. can’t she • aren’t you • aren’t they • does he • are they • hasn’t he • doesn’t he • are you • didn’t you • can she • have you • did they

1 Youth hostels aren’t expensive, ?

2 Ben prefers activity holidays, ?

3 Volunteering holidays are free, ?

4 Kelly can’t ski, ?

5 You’ve never been horse-riding, ?

6 You went on a study holiday to the USA last year, ?

7 Harry doesn’t eat meat, ?

8 They didn’t go on holiday last year, ?

9 Erika can help me, ?

10 You aren’t listening, ?

11 Your dad’s been to Mexico, ?

12 You’re using my phone again, ?

13

Choose the correct alternative.

1 Somebody has fed the dog, hasn’t he / haven’t they?

2 There are some potatoes, aren’t there / aren’t they?

3 We’ve got no time for a break, haven’t / have we?

4 I’m wrong, aren’t / am not I?

5 They’re at home, are not / aren’t they?

14

116 Complete the sentences with question tags. Pay attention to words with a negative meaning. Then listen and check.

1 We’re leaving at three, ?

2 Nobody has phoned looking for me, ?

3 You haven’t seen my hat anywhere, ?

4 It’s going to rain this afternoon, ?

5 You won’t tell Chris what I said, ?

6 There’s nothing to eat, ?

7 Sam’s parents have bought a camper van, ?

8 We can’t ignore the problem, ?

9 The sun sets in the west, ?

10 The concert will end late, ?

11 People in this area don’t use public transport much, ?

12 Penguins can’t fly, ?

15 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs and their corresponding question tags. go • buy • be • stay

Luna There a lot of people at the water park yesterday, ? I hate it when there are too many people.

Niles Well, if we get there really early tomorrow, I’m sure it won’t be crowded. Most people usually later in the afternoon, ?

Luna Yes, you’re right. And the forecast said it’s going to be much cooler tomorrow, so I imagine that a lot of people at home, ?

Niles Yes, I think so. Oh, you already the tickets, ?

Luna Yes, I bought them online yesterday.

Summative practice Communication

Asking for tourist information

1 117 Put the sentences of the dialogue (a-o) in the correct order (1-15). Then listen and check.

a Raj Yes, please. We’d like some information about things to see in Bristol.

b Assistant I can book the tickets online for you now if you like. Two?

c 1 Assistant Hello, can I help you?

d Assistant Yes, of course. There are wonderful walking tours that leave every hour from the cathedral.

e Raj OK, thanks. Could we have a leaflet about them?

f Maya The zoo sounds good, doesn’t it Raj? Where can we get tickets?

g Assistant Sure. Well, you mustn’t miss Brunel’s ship the SS Great Britain – it’s very impressive – and you should visit Bristol Zoo – that’s really interesting too.

h Raj Cool! How much is it to get in to Ashton Court?

i Assistant Sure, here you are. Is there anything else I can help with?

j Raj Yes, two tickets please. We’d also like to take a guided tour of the city. Can you recommend one?

k Maya Oh, one more thing. Is there anywhere we can go mountain biking tomorrow?

l Assistant You don’t have to buy tickets, the park is free.

m Raj OK, thanks. That’s perfect, isn’t it, Maya?

n Assistant How about Ashton Court? It’s a big open park around an old villa with places to walk and cycle. You could go there.

o Maya Yes, it is. Sounds like a good plan!

2 Answer the requests or questions giving information about where you live.

1 I’d like some information about public transport, please.

2 Can you suggest somewhere to go on a day trip?

3 Is it far?

4 Can you recommend somewhere nice to eat out?

5 Is it expensive?

6 What about things to do in town?

Unit 4

1 VOCABULARY Read the text and choose the correct answer: a, b or c.

Our 1 at Whitewater Falls, Cornwall has got everything for a fantastic family holiday.

Whether you want an adventure in a tent, somewhere to park your 2 , or a comfortable family room in our youth hostel, we’ve got the perfect solution for you.

We offer exciting 3 where you can try a range of new water sports, or go horse-riding or 4 in the forest around the site, or why not explore the local area by taking one of our 5 ? And for those guests who prefer a slower pace, you can 6 on the beach, 7 by the pool and just appreciate the 8 views around Whitewater.

1 a B&B

b holiday villa c campsite

2 a bus b camper van c apartment

3 a city breaks b study holidays c activity holidays

4 a sightseeing b mountain biking c to a theme park

5 a souvenirs b guided tours c new sports

6 a go b explore c sunbathe

7 a relax b watch c visit

8 a busy b stunning c ancient

2 GRAMMAR Choose the correct option.

1 We’ve still / just / already heard the most amazing news!

2 I’ve still / yet / already read this book, have you got another one?

3 Jake hasn’t arrived yet / already / still – he’s very late.

4 I ordered your present a week ago, but it just / still / yet hasn’t arrived.

5 How much / long / much time have you lived in Barcelona?

6 Stacy has known my family for / since / of she was ten.

7 Let’s go to the cinema – we haven’t seen a film for / since / of ages.

8 My dad ’s had / had / has that scooter for fifteen years. Then he gave it to me.

9 This place is stunning, is it / isn’t it / it is?

10 You haven’t been to Amsterdam, have you / haven’t you / doesn’t you?

11 Hamza still / already / just hasn’t given me the money he owes me.

12 You weren’t angry Sally, are you / were you / was you?

3 118 DICTATION Listen and write what Oscar says about the city of Liverpool.

TRANSLATION Translate the text about the Youth Hostelling Association into English.

La Youth Hostelling Association esiste nel Regno Unito dal 1930. I suoi ostelli forniscono alloggi economici, puliti e sicuri per i turisti con un budget economico, in particolar modo ( particularly) gli studenti. Se non hai mai alloggiato in un ostello, ci sono alcune cose che dovresti sapere. La maggior parte delle stanze sono per quattro, cinque o sei persone, ma se hai già prenotato online, puoi avere una stanza singola. La maggior parte degli ostelli hanno un piccolo negozio e una cucina, ma ricorda che dovrai cucinare i tuoi pasti da solo.

Unit 4 Starter

Why travel?

The latest studies have shown that travel is not just enjoyable, it’s also good for you! Researchers say they can recognise young people who have travelled a lot from those who 1 , because they are more creative and open. Their attitudes and opinions show that they’ve already learned to see the world from other points of view, because they’ve 2 . In contrast to people who go on a quick city break, or 3 to a crowded tourist destination, travellers who go backpacking, or on working or volunteering holidays abroad, are also more tolerant and easygoing. This is because they’ve experienced life in different countries for longer periods of time, and learned about the culture.

Travelling abroad definitely makes young people more independent and responsible too. They have to do things like use public transport, 4 and manage their money – and sometimes even find a job. Meeting and

1 119 READING INVALSI Read the text. Parts of the text have been removed. Choose the correct part (A-H) for each gap (1-6). There are two extra parts that you should not use. Then read, listen and check.

A on a package holiday

B go on a safari

C haven’t been anywhere yet

D find accommodation

E mixed with people from different places

F buying souvenirs

G haven’t learned well yet

H social and communication skills

5 WRITING Write about a place you have been to on a day trip or on holiday. Then write about somewhere you would like to visit (100 words). Include this information:

• where you went and when

• why you liked it

• what you did there

• where you’d like to go and why

interacting with people of all ages and nationalities, from different backgrounds, also helps develop their 5 . This builds self-confidence more quickly than in people who have never been abroad.

And it seems that travel may even make you more intelligent! The researchers found that activities like asking for information in a language you 6 , trying to use the underground system in a new city, or shopping using different money, all stimulate your brain and keep it active. These ‘survival skills’ are all vital in adult life and travelling helps you learn them quicker and better!

2 120 LISTENING INVALSI Listen to the conversation between Jamie and Megan and match the beginnings of the sentences (1-6) to their endings (A-H). There are two extra endings that you should not use.

1 Jamie has been to Crete on

2 The scenery is impressive because

3 Megan stayed in

4 Jamie went

5 Megan tried

6 She thought the palace at Knossos was

A a small hotel and a B&B.

B paragliding.

C an activity holiday.

D a volunteering holiday.

E there are beaches and mountains.

F horse-riding in the mountains.

G a bit boring.

H impressive and interesting.