© 2013 EDICIONS TALAIOTS, SL Es reserven tots els drets. Cap part d’aquesta publicació no pot ser reproduïda, emmagatzemada o transmesa per qualsevol mitjà, sense permís de l’autor.
Edita: EDICIONS TALAIOTS, S.L. C/. Castelló de la Plana, 30 07181 Palmanova (Calvià) Tel. 971 75 16 04 Impressió i maquetació: INSTITUT -Impremta Digital (Palma) Autor: Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia ISBN:978-84-15672-14-2 Dipòsit Legal: DL-PM-895-2013
CONTENTS LESSON
READING COMPREHENSION
WRITING
UNIT 1
Present tense: present simple and present continuous form. PAGE 7
Wynwood: a fashionable neighbourhood. PAGE 14
Your family. PAGE 16
UNIT 2
Past simple tense: past simple and past continuous. PAGE 19
Mallorca: a wine producing island. PAGE 26
Places and countries. PAGE 28
UNIT 3
Present perfect & present perfect continuous. PAGE 29
The Ndrangheta: the most powerful mafia. PAGE 35
UNIT 4
The past in the past: past perfect. PAGE 39
Custo’s t-shirts. PAGE 42
Your hobbies. PAGE 44
UNIT 5
The future I: will / be going to+inf. The future II: future perfect and future continuous. PAGE 45
Family man. PAGE 52
Domestic animals. PAGE 54
UNIT 6
Conditional sentences/ wish. PAGE 55
Festivals in Scotland. PAGE 61
The daily routine. PAGE 63
UNIT 7
Modal verbs: May/might/can/could/should/ must/ have to/ need. PAGE 65
Food, glorious food on France’s Eastern Frontier. PAGE 72
If I were the prime minister. PAGE 74
UNIT 8
Verbs+ infinitive with to or without to/ verbs+ ing / Be used to, get used to, used to. PAGE 75
Pieds noirs. PAGE 83
Biographies. PAGE 85
UNIT 9
Passive voice and causative passive. PAGE 87
Opera houses. PAGE 94
Journeys: have you ever been to…? PAGE 96
UNIT 10
Reportet speech. PAGE 97
Traffic in Rome. PAGE 103
Plans and arrangements. PAGE 105
UNIT 11
Adjectives: comparative and superlative form/ Adjectives with preposition. PAGE 107
Bikini girls at Roman times. PAGE 111
What did you use to do when you were 10 years old? PAGE 113
UNIT 12
A/ an, the/ omission of ‘ the’/ saxon genitive. PAGE 115
The real origins of Pizza. PAGE 120
What will you be doing at this time next year? PAGE 122
UNIT 13
Some/ any/ something/ anything/ anyone/ nothing…someone/ countable and uncountable nouns. PAGE 123
The volcanoes in Iceland. PAGE 127
Pieces of advice to become a good employee. PAGE 129
UNIT 14
A little/ a few/ much/ many/ a lot of / So/ such so much/ so many/ too much/ too many. PAGE 131
UNIT 15
Prepositions of time/ Prepositions of place/ Verbs+ preposition/ adjectives + preposition. PAGE 141
Czech Republic exports cars everywhere. PAGE 150
Picture description. PAGE 152
UNIT 16
Personal/ possessive pronouns/ relative pronouns. PAGE 153
China commercial war on European wine. PAGE 160
What did you do yesterday? PAGE 162
UNIT 17
Guidelines to succeed in your piece of writing. PAGE 163
Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia |
Your former school. PAGE 37
3
London Olympic Games. PAGE 138
I was walking home when i saw... PAGE 140
KEYS TO UPPER GRADE VOCATIONAL STUDIES
| CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Why this book? With the book I intend to create tools to improve writing and reading skills to pass the access to upper grade vocational studies. The aim is to work on a wide number of contents and to train our students to pass a specific exam. I try to provide tools to our students to encourage them to start writing and to develop skimming and scanning techniques. This material has to be accessible to learners who attend an adult education school and to learners who study for their exam on their own. The approaches chosen intend to familiarize students with the exam, with a focus on the use of English, writing skills and reading as well as approaches to adult learning of languages. Most of the students who face this exam for the very first time left Secondary or Primary school a long time ago and they have to prepare it intensively in a very short time. This book is without a doubt a key to succeed in this exam.
Magdalena Balle Garcia.
Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia |
5
UNIT
PRESENT TENSE:
1
present simple and present continuous form
USE Habitual actions / routines:
ADverbiALs UseD WitH tHe preseNt simpLe:
-I do yoga every Tuesday. -We meet our relatives on Sunday. Long phrases like ‘several times a year’ will normally come at the end of a sentence.
Note: They are normally placed before the verb. I never wake up late. / I usually travel by plane. · timetable/schedule: -The film starts at five. -The plane takes off at seven a.m. · Universal truths: -The Rhine flows between Germany and France.
Always - ever - frequently - generally occasionally - often - never - rarely seldom - sometimes - usually - hardly ever - several times a year ADverbiALs reLAteD to tHe iDeA of roUtiNe:
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On Monday (s), on Tuesday (s), on Wednesday (s)…, in the morning (s), in the afternoon (s), in the evening (s), at the weekends etc. Every day, every week, every month, every year... Once a month, twice a day, three times a day…
- Paint contains a certain amount of lead. · the present period as distinct from the past: -I live in the country. -We all speak English at home.
The preseNt simpLe tends to be used with some specific verbs as work, live, speak a language etc.
FORM AffirmAtive NegAtive
Work (base form)
He, she, it + base form + s
I work at the university.
Sarah works for a big company.
Subj + Aux (do) + not + infinitive I don’t work at the university. / Sarah doesn’t work for a big company.
iNterrogAtive
Aux (do) + subj + verb? Do you work at the university? / Does she work for a big company?
Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia |
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| UNIT 1
PRESENT TENSE: present simple and present continuous form
Present continuous USE -to describe actions that are happening at the moment of speaking: I can’t help you because I’m speaking on the phone. -We infer the time expression ‘now’ A)-Where are you, Fred? B)-I’m in the garden. I’m watering the roses.
8
-to describe ‘limited’ actions: - I am living in a house since I’m having my flat painted. But I normally live in a flat. - She usually studies in the morning but she is studying in the evening today to prepare for the examination. -An activity in progress or an activity uncompleted: - The Rhine is always / constantly pouring. - I’m working in hospital this week. - These days, weeks, months, years…
time ADverbiALs reLAteD to tHis teNse: -(Right) now, at the moment, at present, currently. -This week, month, year, holiday. -Today, tonight. stAtive verbs: - Verbs of the senses: Feel, hear, see, smell, taste, notice, etc. - Verbs of emotions and preferences: Like, dislike, love, hate, mind, fear, want, wish, need, prefer, admire, etc. - Verbs of perception, belief or knowledge: Think, believe, know, understand, expect, remember, forget, hope, etc.
-to describe actions happening in a future anticipated in the present: - They are cooking paella this evening.
- Verbs of ownership: Have, own, possess, belong, etc. - Other verbs which describe permanent states: Be, cost, weight, seem, appear, consist (of), depend (on), etc.
-To talk about a fixed arrangement plan or programme in the near future: He’s moving to Tarragona.
-We do not use the continuous form with stative verbs: I know everything about engineer technology.
I am knowing your sister.
FORM AffirmAtive NegAtive iNterrogAtive
UNIT 1 |
(subj+be+ing form)
We are playing video games at the moment.
subj + be + not + ing
We are not playing video games at the moment.
Aux (be) + subj + verb?
Are you playing video games at the moment?
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia
PRESENT TENSE: present simple and present continuous form
PUT YOUR KNOWLEDGE INTO PRACTICE 1. Write the third person singular of the present simple and the present continuous form of the following verbs: I play/ he plays /he is playing I do/he
/he
I go/he
/he
I teach/he
/he
I carry/he
/he
I watch/she
/she
I see/he
/he
I say/he
/he
I live/he
/he
2. Write the adverbs in order of frequency. Rarely
usually sometimes often not often normally constantly never always
hardly ever
1._________________________
2._________________________
3._________________________
4._________________________
5._________________________
6._________________________
7._________________________
8._________________________
9._________________________
10._________________________
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3. Write sentences. Use the present simple and the present continuous form and the adverbials. 1. The teachers / meet / at the school hall. (sometimes)
7. Your friend / visit you. (today)
2. I / finish / these activities. (now)
8. He / watch / soap operas. (usually)
3. Graham / go / to the gym after school. (never)
9. We / travel. (this afternoon)
4. I / not travel. (tonight)
10. Your friends / work / at the moment?
5. You / listen / to your parents. (not often)
11. We / take / the school bus. (always)
6. We / study / English. (now)
12. My friends / play video games / on Saturdays. (often)
Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia |
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| UNIT 1
PRESENT TENSE: present simple and present continuous form
PUT YOUR KNOWLEDGE INTO PRACTICE 4. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple form of the verbs in brackets in the negative form. 1. They ______________ to a foreign country. (not travel) 2. They______________ (not see) each other during the week. 3. She ___________ normally ___________ her family twice a week. (not phone) 4. He ______________ down town. (not work) 5. I ______________ to different people every day. (not talk)
5. Write a question for each sentence using ‘how often’? 1. Thai farmers ride elephants.
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_________________________________________________________________ 2. Samuel never does the homework. _________________________________________________________________ 3. They usually play the violin at school. _________________________________________________________________ 4. She normally cooks for the whole family. _________________________________________________________________
6. Write sentences. Use the present simple and the present continuous form and the adverbials.
UNIT 1 |
1. What
?
On working days I do gymnastics.
2. When
?
I cook special dishes on Saturday morning.
3. What
?
At the weekends I go diving.
4. When
?
I go skiing on holidays.
5. What time
?
I start work at seven.
6. How
?
I go by bus.
7. Where
?
I live in an apartment.
8. What
?
We play bingo at Sally’s.
9. What
?
On Sunday morning I cook for my family.
10. Do you ever
?
Yes, I sometimes go for a walk in the evenings.
11. When
?
I do gymnastics in the mornings.
12. What
?
Before dinner I stay with my family.
13. Where
?
I am studying at Maria’s.
14. What
?
I am reading a newspaper.
15. Who
?
My sister is coming.
16. How
?
I am travelling by car.
17. Who
?
My sister is working with me.
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia
PRESENT TENSE: present simple and present continuous form
PUT YOUR KNOWLEDGE INTO PRACTICE 7. Write questions. Use the correct tense. Then write short answers. 1. You / always / have dinner / at home? ________________________________________ Yes, _______________ . 2. You / do the homework / right now? Yes, _______________ .
No, _______________ . ________________________________________ No, _______________ .
3. Your brother / speak / Chinese?_____________________________________________ Yes, _______________.
No, _______________ .
4. You / work / full time? _____________________________________________________ Yes, _______________ .
No, _______________ .
5. She / study / French / today? _______________________________________________ Yes, _______________ .
No, _______________ .
6. You / travel / very often? ___________________________________________________ Yes, _______________ .
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No, _______________ .
8. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. 1. The concert ___________________ at eleven o’clock. (not finish) 2. It ____________________ little by little. (get dark) 3. When ___________________ the meeting _________________? (finish) I have to pick up my daughter at school. 4. My relatives _________________ home next month. (fly)
9. Write sentences. Use the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs. 1. I don’t know the time / when you arrive. _______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. My sister / spend some days / in Istanbul these days. ____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The bus / arrive / at six o’clock. ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. I / sometimes meet / my class mates / on Sunday evenings. _______________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. She / go swimming / in the morning. __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What / you / do / now?_____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 7. We / have lunch / at two o’clock / with some friends. _____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What / you / do / these days?________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________
Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia |
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| UNIT 1
PRESENT TENSE: present simple and present continuous form
PUT YOUR KNOWLEDGE INTO PRACTICE 10. Complete the text. Use the present simple or present continuous. 1. What _______________ (you / do)? 2. I _______________ (do / a crossword) 3. Where _______________ (you / live)? 4. I live in Manchester, but I _______________ (move / to Liverpool / next weekend). 5. How often _______________ (you / come / to Liverpool)? 6. I _________ ( come / to Liverpool / twice a week). 7. She often _______________ (come / here / at weekends). Her brother _______________ (study / at Liverpool University / at the moment).
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11. Complete the text. Use the present simple or present continuous. We always (1) _________________ (meet) our friends on Saturdays. We usually (2) ______________ (go) shopping , we (3) _______________ (have) a coffee in a bar and we (4) _______________ (talk). Today, we (5) ________________ (have) a beer. We (6) ________________ (wait) for some friends in our usual meeting place.
12. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs
in the box.
1. I ______________________________________ the homework at the moment.
PlAy
2. They often ________________________________ and visit us in the evening.
hAVE
3. He _____________________________________________ emails to me daily.
COME
4. She’s busy. She __________________________ to a friend on the phone now. 5. We always __________________________________ breakfast in the morning. 6. They aren’t here. They _____________________________________ volleyball.
SENd dO SPEAk
13. Write questions and short answers. Use the present simple or present continuous of the verbs. 1. (you / always / drive with one hand) _________________________________________________ ? (yes) _________________________________________ . 2. (you / read a newspaper / now) ____________________________________________________ ? (no) _________________________________________ . 3. (you / speak German / at the moment) _______________________________________________ ? (yes) _______________________________________ . 4. (he / revise for the exams / today) __________________________________________________ ? (yes) _______________________________________ . 5. (they / listen to the radio/ every day) _________________________________________________ ? (no) _______________________________________ . 6. (he / like tennis) ________________________________________________________________ ? (no) _______________________________________ .
UNIT 1 |
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia
PRESENT TENSE: present simple and present continuous form
PUT YOUR KNOWLEDGE INTO PRACTICE 14. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or the present continuous. 1. The plane _______________________ (land) at half past two. 2 .When ________________ the concert ___________________ (finish)? 3. I _____________________ (see) Mark next week. 4. They ____________________ (get) married on 5th July. 5. We _____________________ (go) on a school trip next year. 6. The film ______________________ (not start) at eleven o’clock. 7. When _______________ we ___________________ (play) basketball tomorrow? 8. My train ____________________ (arrive) at six o’clock.
15. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or the present continuous. 1. I ___________________ (read) a book at the moment.
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2. They often ___________________ (see) films in the evening. 3. We ___________________ (send) emails every day. 4. They aren’t here. They ___________________ (play) tennis. 5. She’s busy. She ___________________ (write) a report. 6. You never ___________________ (phone) me!
16. Write questions and negative answers. Use the present continuous and the present simple form. 1. (you / use the washing machine) ? __________________________________________________ . No, I __________________________________. No, I ___________________________________. 2. (they / look up a word in the dictionary)? ______________________________________________ . No, they _______________________________. No, they_________________________________. 3. (he / work in the supermarket)?_____________________________________________________ . No, he _________________________________. No, he __________________________________.
trANsLAtioN: 1. No et puc ajudar perquè faig el sopar. 2. Estem fent les activitats d’anglès. 3. Sempre agafo aquest tren al matí. 4. Els caps de setmana visitem els pobles del país. 5. Vivim en aquesta ciutat perquè treballem aquí. 6. L’obra de teatre acaba a les 19’20. 7. El tren arriba a les 9’30. 8. El sol surt per l’est. 9. El riu Tajo desemboca a Portugal. 10. Què fas? Estic llegint el diari. 11. Enguany vivim a una casa en el camp però normalment vivim en un pis a la ciutat.
Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia |
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| UNIT 1
Reading Comprehension WynWOOd: A fAshiOnABlE nEiGhBOUR hOOd Some areas of Miami have been turned into the great pedestrian neighborhood of the future. They are home to numerous art galleries, cafés, bars and restaurants. Wynwood is to Miami what Brooklyn is to New York: a paradise for snob people who enjoy wearing anti-fashion clothes. The art is exhibited on the streets and there are bars with coffee and cocktails among the drinks they like most. There are not chains like Starbucks but small independent coffee bars. This design district, home to top luxury brands, was opened last year with the opening of a 400 square meters Cartier shop in the Design District last August. Other expensive labels include: Louis Vuitton, Prada and Hermés. Wynwood is the center of “cool” in Miami right now for its pop up parties and galleries and inspiring unusual collaborations between musicians, artists, graphic designers, commercial brands and all kinds of creative types.
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The streets of Wynwood are bustling; the once quiet neighborhood surrounded by warehouses is now in the midst of a renaissance. You can enjoy clever plates of food al fresco in a café or scope out the Wynwood Walls, a giant set of outdoor murals decorated by some of street art’s most famous names.
1. Read the text and answer the question in your own words: 1. Why are the areas of Miami, mentioned on the text, so special? 2. What was the neighbourhood like in the past?
2. Are the following sentences true or false? Give reasons for your answers: 1. The art of Wynwood is exhibited in an unconventional way. 2. The areas of Miami mentioned in the text are full of cars. 3. The visitors of the areas mentioned in the text have a preference for non-alcoholic drinks. 4. A lot of murals can be observed inside the bars. 5. All different types of artists have participated in the artistic creations of the neighbourhood.
3. Find these synonyms in the text: Become, franchise, fashionable, enjoy, the previous, cafés.
4. Complete the correct option:
UNIT 1 |
1. The opposite of anti-fashion is
.
2. The opposite of enjoy is
.
3. The opposite of large is
.
4. The opposite of top is
.
5. The opposite of similar is
.
6. A similar word for brands is
.
7. Write the superlative form of great
.
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia
PRESENT TENSE: present simple and present continuous form
15
Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia |
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| UNIT 1
WRITING YOUR FAMILY Composition: Write an email describing your family. Sample text: My family (informal email)
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Tips to write emails: Emails, whether for business or social reasons, are usually written in a more informal style than letters. You should always give your email a Subject, which should summarize its purpose in a few words. It is not necessary to use Dear, although some people prefer to do this. Generally speaking, the content of business emails should be brief and to the point. If you are including any attachments, make sure to mention it in the text of your e-mail. In business emails, you should also include your full name, organisation, and contact details at the end. To close a personal e-mail, you can use the same expressions as for informal letters. The closings for formal letters are: regards, kind regards, best regards, with kind regards. The closings for Informal e-mails are: cheers, love or with love, hugs or a hug.
UNIT 1 |
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia
PRESENT TENSE: present simple and present continuous form vocabulary: Father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, son, daughter, brother, sister, cousin, grandchild, granddaughter, grandson, grandchildren, nephew, niece, aunt, uncle, godfather, godmother, wife, husband, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law.
Linking words: To begin with, and, also, as well, too, so, but, however, for example, for instance, first, when, in conclusion, finally, because.
Try to answer these questions and to link the answers so as to write the composition: • HOW MANY BROTHERS AND SISTERS HAVE YOU GOT? • WHAT DO THEY DO? WHAT ARE THEIR NAMES? WHERE DO THEY LIVE? • WHAT IS YOUR FATHER’S NAME? …AND YOUR MOTHER’S NAME? • WHO IS THE MOST IMPORTANT WOMAN IN YOUR FAMILY?
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• WHO DO YOU GET ON WELL WITH IN YOUR FAMILY?
vocabulary related to jobs: Porter, plumber, cook, salesperson, engineer, driver, carpenter, nurse, butcher, fishmonger, baker, shop assistant, doctor, hairdresser, writer, secretary, teacher, bricklayer, electrician, fireman.
• WHAT DOES YOUR FATHER DO? WHAT’S YOUR FATHER’S JOB? HE IS A … • WHEN DOES HE HAVE HOLIDAY? • WHAT DO YOU WANT TO BE WHEN YOU ARE OLDER?
vocabulary related to descriptions: pHysicAL DescriptioNs Tall/ short, fat/ thin, ugly/handsome, blond/brunette, with pale complexion, blue/green/ brown eyes etc. persoNALity DescriptioNs Friendly, unfriendly, nice, well-natured, cheerful, sad, sociable, talkative, shy, extroverted, tolerant, intolerant, trustworthy, reliable, open-minded, sympathetic, strict. • WHAT IS YOUR FATHER LIKE? WHAT IS YOUR MOTHER LIKE?
Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia |
PRESENT TENSE: SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORM
| UNIT 1
List verbs List of of phrasal phrasal verbs USE
PHRASAL VERB
202
180
TRADUCCIÓ
calm down
"Calm down, Mike. There's no need to yell."
Calmar-se
hold on
The secretary asked me to hold on while she checked her computer.
Esperar
get along
I don't really get along with my boss.
Tenir una bona relació
give up
After an hour, Mike gave up. He couldn't fix the computer.
Deixar de fer una cosa
grow up
I want to be a fireman when I grow up.
Fer-se major
fill out
"Please fill out this form."
Omplir
break down
The stupid printer has broken down again.
Averiar-se
pass out
People were passing out flyers in front of the station.
Repartir
get together
Everyone from class is getting together tonight at 7pm.
Reunir-se
work out
Bryan likes to work out at least five times a week.
Fer exercici
make up
I didn't have an excuse, so I made one up.
Inventar-se
pass away
My grandfather passed away at the age of 98.
Morir
break up
Mark and Kate are always fighting. They should break up.
Rompre una relació
eat out
I'm trying to save money. I don't eat out anymore.
Menjar fora
hang up
Kate hung up on me. She didn't want to speak anymore.
Penjar el telèfon
check out
"Hey, check out that man over there. He's huge!."
Observar
LIST OF PHRASAL VERBS
TEST YOURSELF
Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia
| Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia