Autor: Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia Maquetaci贸 i disseny: Edicions Talaiots Dip貌sit Legal: PM-1527-2011 ISBN:978-84-939484-0-5 Imprimeix: Institut Impremta Digital
INDEX Pròleg
.........................................................
page 5
Unit 1.
Present simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 7
Unit 3.
Past simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 23
Unit 2. Unit 4. Unit 5. Unit 6. Unit 7. Unit 8. Unit 9.
Present continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 17
Past continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 27
Past perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 37
Present perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 31
Future: will / be going to+inf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 43
Verbs+ing / verbs+infinitive form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 61
Conditional sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 53
Unit 10.
Passive voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 12.
Be used to+ing / get used to+ing / used to+inf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 83
Adjectives: comparative / superlative form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 97
Unit 11. Unit 13. Unit 14. Unit 15. Unit 16. Unit 17. Unit 18. Unit 19. Unit 20. Unit 21. Unit 22. Unit 23. Unit 24.
Reported speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modal verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 67
page 75 page 89
A / an, the / omission of ‘the’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 103
A little / a few . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 111
Some / any . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 107
Much / many / a lot of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 115
Prepositions of place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 123
Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 131
Prepositions of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjectives+preposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
So / such . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Review & error correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of irregular verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
page 119 page 127 page 137 page 143
page 153
page 159
page 199
3
PRÒLEG
Durant els anys que he treballat com a professora a diferents centres d’adults de les Illes Balears he impartit el curs de preparació a les proves d’accés a la universitat per a més grans de 25 anys. Segons la meva experiència, el docent que fa classe en aquest curs es troba amb algunes limitacions. En primer lloc, la majoria dels nostres alumnes van deixar d’estudiar fa molt de temps. A més, alguns d’ells no finalitzaren els estudis de secundària obligatòria o estudiaren francès en comptes d’anglès. Per altra banda, el temari és molt ampli i per aprovar l’examen cal dominar algunes destreses com són la lectura (skimming i scanning) i l’escriptura. Finalment, els alumnes han de reconèixer els trets fonològics dels mots anglesos ja que els exercicis de fonètica són una part de l’examen. És a dir, se’ls exigeixen uns coneixements bàsics de fonètica i fonologia i també una pronúncia acurada.
He de dir que l’extensió considerable dels continguts, la diversitat de l’alumnat i la manca de temps de què disposem ens obliga a organitzar amb molta cura la temporalització i els continguts que volem treballar. Per això, els temes d’aquest llibre es presenten de manera entenedora; el nombre d’activitats que s’han programat per fer al llarg del curs és assumible i es pretén treballar les habilitats de la lectura comprensiva de textos i l’escriptura. Aquestes destreses són cada any més presents en aquesta prova i per això s’han inclòs en els models de prova presents en els annexos. També es dedica molt d’espai a l’explicació dels conceptes gramaticals que són una part important de l’examen (entre el 60% i el 70% de tota la prova).
Per acabar, la darrera part consisteix a oferir un recull de proves amb un format similar a l’examen. Considero que és tan important desenvolupar tots els continguts com familiaritzarse amb el tipus d’examen (l’anomenat tipus test). A l’hora de dissenyar aquest manual s’han tingut en compte el nivell dels coneixements del nostres alumnes, les habilitats que han de dominar i la durada “especial” d’aquests cursos (generalment del mes d’octubre al d’abril). No cal dir que l’objectiu últim d’aquest manual és aconseguir un rendiment òptim a l’àrea d’anglès i aconseguir bons resultats que permetin als nostres alumnes no només accedir a la universitat, sinó també accedir als estudis que realment desitgen fer, tot i l’existència del numerus clausus per als alumnes adults. Maria Magdalena Balle Garcia
5
UNIT 1 G Present simple Present simple
- Habitual actions / routines · I do gymnastics on Monday. · I meet my parents on Sunday.
USE
Adverbials with the present simple: Adverbs of frequency:
} always - often - usually - normally - sometimes - hardly ever - rarely - never I never study at night. I usually work in the morning.
Adverbials related to the idea of routine:
} On Monday (s), on Tuesday (s), on Wednesday (s)…,
} In the morning (s), in the afternoon (s), in the evening (s), at the weekend (s), etc. } Every day, every week, every month, every year…. } Once a month, twice a day, three times a day… - Timetable / schedule
· The train arrives at seven a.m. · The plane lands in the afternoon.
- Universal truths
· Water boils at 100º Celsius. · The sun rises in the east. · The sun sets in the west.
Affirmative
· I live in a big flat.
· Mary lives in England.
Negative
· I don’t live in a big flat.
FORM live (base form)
he, she, it+ base form +s Subj+Aux (do)+not+infinitive
· Mary doesn’t live in England.
Interrogative
· Do you live in a big flat? Aux (do)+ Subj + Verb? · Does she live in England?
7
ACTIVITIES 1. Write the third person singular of the following verbs: I play / he plays
I carry / he................. I watch / she..............
I drink / he .........................
I live / he............................
I travel / he ........................
I do / he.....................
I learn / he.................
I make / he ................
2. Write the adverbs in order of frequency. usually hardly ever
sometimes normally
often never
1. _________________
5. _________________
3. _________________
7. _________________
2. _________________ 4. _________________
6. _________________ 8. _________________
3. Write sentences. Use the present simple and the adverbs. 1. We / go / to school by bus. (always)
__________________________________________
2. The students / visit museums. (sometimes)
__________________________________________
3. She / watch ďŹ lms. (usually)
__________________________________________
4. Graham / play the violin. (never)
__________________________________________
5. My neighbour / go swimming / on Saturdays. (often) __________________________________________
6. You / listen / to the radio. (not often)
__________________________________________
8
UNIT 1 G Present simple
not often always
4. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple form of the verbs in brackets. 1. They ____________ to a new school. (go) 2. We ____________ twice a week. (train)
3. She normally ____________ to the cinema with us. (go) 4. He ____________ in a big city. (live)
5. I ____________ a lot of people every day. (see)
5. Write a negative sentence and a question for each sentence using ‘how often’?. 1. Liz sometimes makes parties at the weekend.
_________________________________________?
__________________________________________
2. Daniel always writes letters.
_________________________________________?
__________________________________________
3. They usually meet friends in the bar.
_________________________________________?
__________________________________________
4. We normally travel in summer.
_________________________________________?
__________________________________________ 6. Build questions in the present simple:
1. What ________________________?
At the weekends I stay with my family.
2. When ________________________?
I do the shopping on Saturday morning.
3. What time ________________________? I go to sleep at nine.
4. How ________________________? I go by train.
Present simple G UNIT 1
9
5. Where ________________________? I live in a house. 6. What ________________________? We play cards at Sally’s.
7. What ________________________? On Saturday afternoon I read the newspaper. 8. Do you ever ________________________? Yes, I sometimes go to the theatre. 9. When ________________________? I do gymnastics in the afternoon.
10. What ________________________? Before dinner I watch the news. 7. Write questions. Use the correct tense. Then write short answers. 1. you / always / go to sleep late?
__________________________________________
Yes, _______________. No, _______________.
2. you / do the homework / on Sunday?
__________________________________________
Yes, _______________. No, _______________.
3. your brother / speak / Chinese?
__________________________________________
Yes, _______________.
No, _______________. 4. you / work / full time?
__________________________________________
Yes, _______________.
No, _______________. 10
UNIT 1 G Present simple
5. she / study / French / at school?
__________________________________________
Yes, _______________. No, _______________. 6. you / often / travel / ?
__________________________________________
Yes, _______________. No, _______________.
8. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple form of the verbs in brackets. 1. The concert ____________ at eleven o’clock. (not finish) 2. The plane ____________ at half past eight. (land)
3. When ____________ the meeting ____________ (start)? 4. My relatives ____________ home on 7th May. (fly)
9. Write sentences. Use the present simple form of the verb. 1. I / don’t know the answer / to your questions.
__________________________________________
2. I / often spend the weekend / with my dad.
__________________________________________
3. The train / leave / at six o’clock.
__________________________________________
4. I / always meet / my class mates / on Saturday morning. __________________________________________
5. She / do the shopping / in the morning.
__________________________________________
6. What / you / do?
__________________________________________
7. We / have lunch / at two o’clock.
__________________________________________ Present simple G UNIT 1
11
10. Translation: 1. Sempre treballo al matí.
__________________________________________
2. No sempre veig els meus amics els caps de setmana. __________________________________________
3. Faig feina i visc a aquesta ciutat.
__________________________________________
4. La pel·lícula acaba a les sis i mitja.
__________________________________________
5. Aquest avió sempre arriba tard.
__________________________________________
6. El sol surt per l’est.
__________________________________________
7. L’aigua bull a cent graus centígrads.
__________________________________________
12
UNIT 1 G Present simple
Reading Comprehension I My life
Hi! My name is Mary. I’m fifteen and I live with my parents in Brighton, England. Brighton is a small town near Porstmouth. I like Brighton, but there aren’t many interesting places in the town. I haven’t got any sisters, but I have got one brother. His name is Peter. He’s twenty and he’s at university. He studies Science. I don’t like Science! Peter doesn’t live at home, but he visits us in the holidays. That’s fun! I go to school in my town. There’s a park near my school. I often meet my friends there after school. My favourite subjects are English and Art. I don’t study Spanish! I don’t like languages. I like school, because all my friends are there. My best friend is Chloe. She’s great! She’s sixteen. Her sister Ella is fourteen and she’s really nice. We sometimes all go to the cinema together. There isn’t a cinema in Brighton, so we go by bus to a big cinema in Porstmouth.
Chloe and I like the same music. We love pop music. We really like the Sugababes. Their music is great! I’ve got tickets to see the Sugababes in concert in July. I can’t wait!
1. Read the text. Then answer the questions. Write complete sentences. 1. Why doesn’t Peter live in Brighton?
__________________________________________
2. What does Mary do after school?
__________________________________________
3. Why does Mary like school?
__________________________________________
4. Who is Ella?
__________________________________________
5. Where do they go to the cinema? Why?
__________________________________________
2. Answer the questions. 1. How many people are there in Mary’s family?
__________________________________________
2. When does Mary see Peter?
__________________________________________ Present simple G UNIT 1
13
3. Where does she go to school?
__________________________________________
4. What are her favourite subjects?
__________________________________________
5. How old is Mary’s best friend?
__________________________________________
3. Find words in the text with a similar meaning 1. I’m called
2. not boring
3. on vacations 4. very
5. film theatre 6. big village 7. dislike 8. kind
9. large
10. father and mother 11. not big
12. in my house 13. fantastic
14. on occasions
4. Complete:
1. There are ____________ people in Mary’s family. A. three B. four C. five 2. Mary sees Peter ____________. A. after school B. at the weekend C. in the holidays
14
UNIT 1 G Present simple
3. She goes to school ____________. A. in Brighton B. near Brighton C. in Porstmouth 4. She likes ____________. A. English B. Spanish C. Science 5. Mary’s best friend is ____________. A. fourteen B. fifteen C. sixteen
Present simple G UNIT 1
15
UNIT 2 G Present continuous Present continuous
- to describe actions that are happening at the moment of speaking
USE
· I can’t speak on the phone since I am driving.
- to describe ‘limited’ actions.
· I am writing with a pencil since I lost my pen. But I normally write with a pen. · She usually lives in Manacor but at present she is living in Palma.
- to describe actions happening in a future anticipated in the present. · They are watering the plants later.
- to talk about a fixed arrangement plan or programme in the near future. · He’s moving to Tarragona.
Time adverbials related to this tense:
} (Right) now - at the moment - at present - currently. } This week / month / year / holiday. } Today - tonight.
} These days / weeks / months / years… · I’m working very hard this week.
We do not use the continuous form with stative verbs: } I remember everything now.
} I am remembering everything now. Stative verbs: Cognition verbs: } think - believe - remember - forget - know - understand notice - realize - imagine - guess - suppose - reckon - seem. Senses: } see - smell - taste - hear.
Perception:} like - love - prefer - fancy - dislike - hate. Possession:} have (got) - own - possess - belong to.
Other verbs:} weight - include - contain - cost - need - depend on.
17
FORM
Affirmative
· We are learning English at the moment.
Negative
· We are not learning English at the moment.
Interrogative
· Are you learning English at the moment?
Subj.+be+ing form Subj.+be+not+ing Aux (be)+Subj+Verb?
ACTIVITIES 1. Write sentences. Use the present continuous: 1. What / you / do / these days?
__________________________________________
2. I / not travel / tonight.
__________________________________________
3. We / study / English / this month.
__________________________________________
4. your friend / visit you / today?
__________________________________________
5. Joan / sit / next to me.
__________________________________________
6. We / travel / this afternoon.
__________________________________________
7. your friends / work / at the moment?
__________________________________________
8. I / finish / these activities / now.
__________________________________________
18
UNIT 2 G Present continuous
2. Complete the text. Use the present simple or present continuous. John: - What (1) ______________ (you / do)?
Mary: - I (2) ______________ (do) a crossword.
Louis: - Where (3) ______________ (you / live)?
Sally: - I live in Manchester, but I (4) ______________ (move) to Liverpool next weekend.
Louis: - How often (5) ______________ (you / come) to Liverpool?
Sally: - I (6) _________ (come) to Liverpool twice a week but my friend often (7) _______________ (come) here at weekends because her brother (8) _______________ (study) at Liverpool University at the moment.
3. Complete the text. Use the present simple or present continuous. We always (1) ____________ (meet) our friends on Saturdays. We usually (2) ____________ (go) shopping, we (3) ____________ (have) a coffee in
a bar and we (4) ____________ (talk). Today, we (5) ____________ (have) a beer. We (6) ____________ (wait) for some friends in our usual meeting place.
4. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in the box. play
have
come
send
do
speak
1. I ___________________ the homework at the moment.
2. They often ___________________ and visit us in the evening.
3. He ___________________ e-mails to me daily.
4. She’s busy. She ___________________ to a friend on the phone now.
5. We always ___________________ breakfast in the morning.
6. They aren’t here. They ___________________ volleyball.
Present continuous G UNIT 2
19
5. Write questions and short answers. Use the present simple or present continuous of the verbs. 1. (you / always / drive with one hand)
_____________________________________________? (yes) _________________________________________.
2. (you / read a newspaper now)
_____________________________________________? (no) _________________________________________.
3. (you / speak German at the moment)
_____________________________________________? (yes) _______________________________________.
4. (he / revise for the exams today)
_____________________________________________? (yes) _______________________________________.
5. (they / listen to the radio every day)
_____________________________________________? (no) _______________________________________.
6. (he / like tennis)
_____________________________________________? (no) _______________________________________.
6. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or the present continuous. 1. The plane ______________ (land) at half past two.
2. When ________ the concert ______________ (finish)?
3. I ______________ (see) Mark next week.
4. They ______________ (get) married on 5th July.
5. We ______________ (go) on a school trip next year.
6. The film ______________ (not start) at eleven o’clock.
7. When ________ we ______________ (play) basketball tomorrow?
8. My train______________ (arrive) at six o’clock. 20
UNIT 2 G Present continuous
7. Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or the present continuous. 1. I ___________________ (read) a book at the moment.
2. They often ___________________ (see) films in the evening. 3. We ___________________ (send) emails every day.
4. They aren’t here. They ___________________ (play) tennis. 5. She’s busy. She ___________________ (write) a report. 6. You never ___________________ (phone) me!
8. Write questions and negative answers. Use the present continuous. 1. (you / use the washing machine)?
______________________________________________.
No, I __________________________________________ .
2. (they / look up a word in the dictionary)?
______________________________________________.
No, they _______________________________________ .
3. (he / work in the supermarket)?
______________________________________________.
No, he _________________________________________.
Present continuous G UNIT 2
21
Reading 1. Read the text. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?. My favourite things
My favourite place My favourite place is near my house. It’s a small beach with a lot of big rocks. When I’m feeling worried about something, I always go there because it’s very relaxing. It’s a place where I feel very calm. I usually sit on a rock and look at the sea. You can’t often swim there because it’s cold, but in summer you can take your shoes off and walk on the sand.
My favourite person Apart from my family, my favourite person is my best friend, Mandy. Mandy is someone who always listens to me. She’s never moody or insensitive. She understands me and we laugh a lot together. Mandy and I don’t go to the same school, but we live in the same street. I often stay at her house at the weekends. This weekend we’re going to the cinema.
My favourite thing My favourite thing at the moment is my MP3 player. It’s very small, and it’s something which I always carry with me. I usually listen to music on the bus when I’m going to school. Then I don’t feel bored. I don’t use the MP3 player at school, but I use it at home while I’m doing my homework. by Emma, age 16
1. Emma often swims in the sea. ______
2. Mandy is cheerful and sensitive. ______
3. Emma and Mandy sometimes go to the cinema. ______ 4. Emma doesn’t often listen to her MP3 player. ______ 5. Emma listens to music on the bus. ______ 2. Read the text again. Answer the questions 1. Why does Emma like the beach?
__________________________________________
2. What does Emma usually do at the beach?
__________________________________________
3. When does Emma usually see Mandy?
__________________________________________
4. Is Mandy in Emma’s class at school?
__________________________________________
5. Does Emma use her MP3 player at school?
__________________________________________
22
UNIT 2 G Present continuous
UNIT 3 G Simple past Simple past
- Actions having taken place at a particular point of time in the past.
USE
· I finished my university studies on June 1972.
- Completed action in the past.
· John lived in Paris for ten years.
Adverbials with simple past:
} yesterday - last (week, month, year) - a week ago - two years ago... Other adverbials:
· I worked yesterday morning. · I worked throughout the year. · I worked on Tuesday.
FORM
Affirmative
Subj+base form+ed Regular verbs:
· I played.
} Play - start - travel ... Spelling rules:
I arrive - I arrived
I travel - I travelled
I study I play -
I studied I played
Negative
Subj+did+not+base form
Interrogative
Aux (did)+Subj+Verb?
· I didn’t arrive. · I didn’t study. · I didn’t travel. · Did you arrive yesterday? · Did you study last week? 23
ACTIVITIES 1. Complete the table with the past simple forms of the verbs. Infinitive
Past simple
1. play
_______________
3. travel
_______________
2. carry
_______________
4. hit
_______________
6. rise
_______________
5. crash 7. lose 8. see 9. get
10. fall 11. lift
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
12. damage
_______________
14. go
_______________
13. live
_______________
15. make
_______________
17. speak
_______________
16. do
_______________
2. Circle the correct answer. 1. Where did you see / you saw your girlfriend?
2. I not saw / didn’t see Christian at school yesterday.
3. Had you / Did you have dinner with Laura yesterday? 4. We didn’t watch / didn’t watched any DVDs.
5. What did you drink / drank at the restaurant? 6. They didn’t enjoy / no enjoyed the film.
24
UNIT 3 G Simple past
3. Complete the text with the verbs in the past simple. When I (be) ____ eleven I (live) ____ with my parents in Brighton, England. Brighton
(be) ____ a small town then. I (like) ____ it, but there (be not) ____ many interesting places in the city. I (not have) ____ any brothers, but I (have) ____ some friends. We (play) ____ together every day.
4. Complete the text with the verbs in the past simple. When I was a child I (go) ____ to school in my village. There (be) ____ a church near
my school. I (meet) ____ my friends in the square after school. My favourite subjects (be) ____ PE and art.
I (not study) ____ French because I (not like) ____ languages. I (like) ____ the school, because I (play) ____ with my friends there. My sister (be not) ____ my age but she(be) ____ very friendly.
5. Complete the sentences. Use the past simple. 1. Where _____________________ (you / meet) your boyfriend? 2. I _____________________ (not see) him at school today.
3. _______________ you ________________ (have) breakfast with Marta yesterday? 4. We _____________________ (not buy) any food.
5. What _____________________ (he / have) at the restaurant? 6. They _____________________ (not like) the book. 6. Complete the sentences with since, for or ago. 1. I’ve had a camera ____________ I was five. 2. I met Peter six months ____________.
3. I’ve had this big book ____________ 2005.
4. I’ve been at this university ____________ four years. 5. I started this degree eight years ____________.
6. My grandparents have been together ____________ 25 years. Simple past G UNIT 3
25