1
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w (Verbum Domini)
s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m∏
hnh¿Ø\w
^m. amXyp Xp≠-Øn¬, H.-kn.-Un.
CARMEL INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSE TRIVANDRUM, KERALA, INDIA – 695 014
2010
2
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
KARTHAVINTE VACHANAM (Malayalam) Translation of the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Verbum Domini of His Holiness POPE BENEDICT XVI Translator
Fr. Mathew Thundathil, OCD Scrutinized by
Fr. James Alakkuzhiyil, OCD First Published
December 2010 Published & Distributed by
Carmel International Publishing House Trivandrum, India — 695 014 e-mail: ciph@md4.vsnl.net.in; ciph@md4.vsnl.net.in Printed at
St. Joseph’s Press Trivandrum, India — 695 014 © 2010 Libreria Editrice Vaticana Price
$ 75.00 Cum Permissu Superiorum ISBN 978-93-80483-22-1 All rights reserved including the rights of reproduction in whole or in part in any form.
CIPH No. 178
December 2010
5000
3
D≈-S°w t]Pv D]-{Iaw
9
\ΩpsS kt¥mjw kºq¿Æ-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn ""ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬''\n∂v ssZh-h-N\w kw_-‘n® kn\Un-te°v ssZh-h-N\w kw_-‘n®v sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kn\Uv tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ BapJw Hcp hgn-Im´n
11 12 14 16
`mKw H∂v
ssZ-h-h-N-\w kwkm-cn-°p∂ ssZhw ssZhw kwhm-Z-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ km[¿Ωyw hN-\-Øns‚ {]m]-©nI am\w a\pjys‚ kr„n hN-\-Øns‚ bmYm¿∞y-t_m[w hN\-Øns‚ {InkvXphn-⁄m-\obw ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ bpKm-t¥ym-∑p-J-amb am\w ssZh-h-N-\hpw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]nbpw ]mc-º-cyhpw hnip≤ enJn-X-ßfpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃, {]tNm-Z-\hpw kXyhpw ]nXm-hmb ssZhw, hN-\-Øns‚ t{kmX pw Bcw-`hpw kwkm-cn-°p∂ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS {]Xn-I-cWw ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ DS-º-Sn-bn¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-Im≥ £Ww ssZhw \sΩ {ihn°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS tNmZy-߃°v adp-]Sn ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p Ahn-SpsØ hN\ß-fn-eqsS ssZh-hp-ambn kw`m-jWØn¬ ssZh-h-N-\hpw hnizm-khpw ]m]w ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ hnap-JX F∂ \ne-bn¬ adnbw ""ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚bpw'' hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw amXmhv Xncp-k-`-bn¬ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßfpsS hymJym-\w k`, hnip-≤-{KŸkw_-‘-amb hymJym-\-߃°p≈ {]mY-anI thZn F∂ \ne-bn¬ ""]mh-\-amb ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ Bflmhv'' ss__nƒ ]T-\-ß-fpsS ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw k`-bpsS {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Im-chpw
21 21 22 25 27 28 29 36 39 43 46 48 50 50 52 53 54 55 56 60 60 64 65
4
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Iu¨kn-ens‚ ss__nƒ hymJym-\-kn-≤m¥w ]n≥Xp-S-tc≠ Hcp \n¿t±iw ssZzX-hm-Zhpw aX-\n-c-t]-£-amb ss__nƒ hymJym-\hpw D≠m-°p∂ A]-ISw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-tfm-Sp≈ kao-]-\-Øn¬ hnizm-k-Øn\pw bp‡n-t_m-[-Øn-\p-ap≈ ÿm\w hm°p-I-fpsS A£-cm¿∞hpw Bflobamb A¿∞hpw hmNym¿∞-Øn-∂-∏pdw t]mtI-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX ss__n-fns‚ B¥-cnI sFIyw ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w ss__n-fnse ""Ccp-f-S™'' ]mT-`m-K-߃ ss{IkvX-hcpw blq-Zcpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßfpw auen-I-hm-Z]c-amb hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-hym-Jym\w AP-]m-e-I¿, ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄¿, hnip-≤-enJnX hymJym-Xm-°ƒ ˛ Ch¿ XΩn-ep≈ kwhmZw ss__nfpw FIyp-sa-\n-khpw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-T\w kw_-‘n® A\-¥-c-^-e-߃ hnip-≤cpw hnip≤enJnX hymJym-\hpw
68 70 72 74 77 79 80 84 85 87 89 90 92 94
`mKw c≠v
hN\w k`-bn¬ ssZh-h-N-\hpw k`bpw k` hN\w kzoI-cn-°p∂p k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønse {InkvXp-hns‚ \nc-¥c km∂n≤yw Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw, ssZh-h-N-\-Øn-\p≈ khn-ti-j-kw-hn-[m\w ssZh-h-N\w Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xhpw IqZm-i-Ifpw ssZh-h-N-\hpw Znhy-Im-cp-Wyhpw hN-\-Øns‚ IuZm-in-IX hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xhpw seIvjW-dnbpw (Xn-cp-°¿Ω-hm-b\m kam-lm-c-w) hN-\-{]-tLm-j-Whpw hmb-\-°m-cs‚ ip{iq-jbpw kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-K-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-K-I-e-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ Hcp Ub-d-IvS-dn-bpsS A\p-tbm-PyX ssZh-h-N-\hpw A\p-c-RvP-\hpw tcmKo-te-]-\hpw ssZh-h-N-\hpw bma-{]m¿∞-\bpw ssZh-h-N-\hpw Bio¿Δm-Z-ß-fpsS {KŸhpw
101 101 102 104 107 108 111 113 115 116 118 118 120 122
5 Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ ]¶m-fnØw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\p≈ A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw {]mtbm-KnI \n¿t±-i-ßfpw a) ssZh-h-N-\-ip-{iqj b) hN-\hpw \n»-_vZ-Xbpw c) ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ kmtLmjamb {]tLm-jWw d) ssZh-h-N\w ss{IkvX-h-ssZ-hm-e-b-ß-fn¬ e) Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ ss__nƒ`m-K-ß-fp-sS-am{Xw D]-tbmKw f) ss__nƒ˛{]tNm-ZnX Bcm-[-\-{I-a-KoXw g) ImgvN°pw tIgvhn°pw sshI-ey-ap-≈-h-sc-°p-dn®v {]tXy-I]cn-K-W\ k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N\w hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Ønse ssZh-h-N-\-hp-ambp≈ I≠p-ap-´¬ hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-{]-tNm-Zn-X-amb AP-]m-e-\-{]-h¿Ø\w aX-t_m-[-\-Øns‚ ss__nƒ kw_-‘-amb am\w {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ss__nf[n-jvTnXamb cq]o-I-cWw hnip-≤-en-JnXw hn]p-e-amb k`m-k-tΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ ssZh-h-N-\hpw ssZh-hn-fn-Ifpw a) A`n-jn-‡-cmb ip{iq-j-Icpw ssZh-h-N-\hpw b) ssZh-h-N-\hpw sshZn-I-hn-Zym¿∞n-Ifpw c) ssZh-h-N-\hpw ka¿∏n-X-Po-hn-Xhpw d) ssZh-h-N-\hpw Aevamb hnizm-kn-Ifpw e) ssZh-h-N-\hpw hnhm-lhpw IpSpw-_hpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿Æ-amb ]mcm-b-Whpw "⁄m\-hm-b\'bpw ssZh-h-N-\hpw adn-b-tØm-Sp≈ {]m¿∞-\bpw ssZh-h-N-\hpw hnip-≤-\mSpw
123 123 125 126 126 128 128 129 129 129 131 133 135 136 136 137 141 143 145 146 148 155 156
`mKw aq∂v
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n k`-bpsS ZuXyw: ssZh-h-N\w temItØmSv {]kw-Kn-°pI ]nXm-hn¬\n∂p-¤-hn®v ]nXm-hn-te°p aS-ßp∂ hN\w {]Xym-i-bpsS ""hN\w'' temI-tØmSv {]tLm-jn-°p∂p ssZh-h-N-\-amWv k`-bpsS ZuXy-Øns‚ Dd-hnSw hN-\hpw ssZh-cm-Pyhpw Cu {]tLm-jWw \S-Øm≥ ⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn® F√m-h¿°pw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap≠v hnizmkw kzoI--cn-®n-´n-√m-Ø-h-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈ ZuXy-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX {]tLm-j-Whpw \hkphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-Whpw
161 161 162 164 165 167 169 169
6
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
ssZh-h-N-\hpw ss{IkvX-h-km-£yhpw
170
ssZh-h-N-\hpw temI-Ønse {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw
174
""G‰hpw Ffn-b-h-cmb Ahn-SpsØ ktlm-Z-c-ß-fn¬'' tbip-hn\v sNøp∂ ip{iqj (a-Øm. 25:40) 174 ssZh-h-N-\hpw kaq-l-Øn¬ \oXn-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw 175 ssZh-h-N\ {]tLm-j-Whpw P\-X-Iƒ°n-S-bnse A\p-c-RvP-\hpw kam-[m-\hpw 177 ssZh-h-N-\hpw {]mtbm-KnIamb ]c-kvt\-lhpw 178 ssZh-h-N\ {]tLm-j-Whpw bph-P-\-ßfpw 180 ssZh-h-N-\-{]-tLm-j-Whpw IpSn-tb-‰-°mcpw 182 ssZh-h-N-\-{]-tLm-j-Whpw kl-\-a-\p-`hn-°p-∂-hcpw 183 ssZh-h-N\ {]tLm-j-Whpw Zcn-{Zcpw 185 ssZh-h-N-\-{]-tLm-j-Whpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kwc-£-Whpw 186 ssZh-h-N-\hpw kwkvIm-chpw 188 a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ kwkvIm-c-Øn-\p≈ aqeyw 188 kwkvIm-c-߃°p≈ al-Ømb Hcp s]cp-am-‰-®-´-amWv ss__nƒ 189 hnZym-e-b-ß-fnepw k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-I-fnepw ss__nƒ hn⁄m\w 190 hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ sshhn-≤y-am¿∂ Iem-cq-]-ß-fn¬ 191 ssZh-h-N-\hpw kmaq-ly-hn-\n-ab D]m-[n-Ifpw 191 ss__nfpw kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsS kzmwio-I-c-Whpw 193 ss__nƒ hnh¿Ø-\hpw AXv IqSp-X¬ hn]p-e-ambn e`y-am-°epw 195 ssZh-h-N\w kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-Iƒ AXn-ew-Ln-°p∂p 196 ssZh-h-N-\hpw hyXykvX aX-hn-izm-k-߃ XΩn-ep≈ kwhm-Zhpw 197 a-X߃ XΩn-ep≈ kwhm-Z-Øns‚ aqeyw 197 ss{IkvX-hcpw ap…o-ßfpw XΩn¬ kwhmZw 198 a‰p-a-X-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kwhmZw 199 kwhm-Zhpw aX-kzm-X-{¥yhpw 200 D]-kw-lmcw 201 ssZh-Øns‚ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb hN\w 201 ]pXnb kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-Whpw ]pXnb {ih-Whpw 202 hN-\hpw B\-μhpw 203 hN-\-Øns‚ amXmhpw B\-μ-Øns‚ amXmhpw 204 Notes
207
7
{]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v ssZh-hN -- \-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ k¿h-X-e-kv]¿in-bmb Hcp {]t_m-[-\-tc-J-bmWv s_-\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m-∏bpsS I¿Ømhns‚ hN-\w. 2008 HIvtSm-_d - n¬ \S∂ ]nXm°-∑m-cpsS kn\-Unse BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ {]mXn-\n-[yØn-eqsS CXn\v km¿h-{Xn-I-amb Hcp khn-ti-j-am-\hpw ssIh-cp-∂p. ""ssZh-h-N\w k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønepw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw'' F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p kn\-Uns‚ {]ta-bw. ssZhØn-s‚ hN\w (I), ssZh-h-N\w k`-bn¬ (II), ssZh-h-N\w temI-Øn¬ (III) F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p `mK-ß-fm-bmWv Cu A∏-kvtXm-enI Blzm\w {Iao-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 124 \º-dp-I-fn-embn 200-˛¬ A[nIw t]Pp-I-fp≈ Cu {]t_m[-\-tc-Jbv°v 382 ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ \evIn-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ; hnj-b-Øns‚ Kuchw Dƒs°m≠p \S-Ønbn-cn-°p∂ hn]p-ehpw kkq-£vahpw ]WvUn-tXm-Nn-Xh - p-amb A]-{K-Y-\-߃°v as‰mcp hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-h-iy-an-√-X-s∂. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-ens‚ ssZh-h-N\w (Dei Verbum) F∂ {]am-W-tc-J-bv°p-tijw ssZh-h-N-\sØ kw_-‘n®p e`n-°p∂ G‰hpw B[n-Im-cn-Ihpw ka-{K-hpamb {]t_m-[-\-tc-J-bmWv "I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w'. Hcp]t£ C\nbpw ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ hN-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Ncn-°p-hm≥ \ap-°-h-ew_w! ]cn-ip≤ Ip¿_m-\sb kw_‘n®p \S∂ ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS kn\Upw hnip≤ ]utemkns‚ h¿jm-N-c-Whpw Cu {]ta-b-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-Ibpw If-sam-cp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX A\p-{Klo-Xm-h-k-c-ß-fm-bncp∂p. k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønepw temI-Po-hn-X-Ønepw hnizm-knIƒ°pw hnizm-kØ - n¬ \n∂-Is - e-bmbncn°p-∂h - ¿°pw Hcpt]m-se _m[-I-amb hN-\-Øns‚ D≈-d-I-fn-te°p {]th-
8
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
in-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ Hcp Ihm-S-ambn Cu A∏-kvtXm-enI Blzm\w \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. c£m-I-c-N-cn-{X-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ k`-bpsS bm{X-bn-ep-S-\ofw hN\w hnf-°mbn {]tim-`n-®n´p-≠v. hN-\-Øns‚ shfn®w am{X-a-√, ss__n-fnse ""Ccpf-S-™-`m-K-ß-fpw-'' (\w. 41) Cu tcJ-bnse At\z-j-WØns‚ ]cn-[n-bn-ep-≠v. hN\w Pohn® k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpw hnip-≤cpw Ncn-{XØn-eqsS-bp≈ k`-bpsS {]bm-W-Ønse kl-Im-cn-Ifpw t\cn´ {]Xn-_-‘-ß-fp-sa√mw ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zy-ß-fm-Wv. ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn-s‚bpw k`m-hn-⁄m-\o-bØ - n-s‚bpw IqZmi-I-fp-sSbpw hnhn-[-am-\-߃ F∂√; temI-Po-hn-X-Ønse, IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Ønse km[m-c-W-X-e-ßfpw CXn¬ CXƒ hncn-bp-∂p. hN\w hymJym-\n-°pI F∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhpw hymJym\w hgnsX‰n-bm-ep-≠m-Ip∂ A]I-Shpw Cu {]t_m[\w Cg-]n-cn-®p-Im-Wn-°p-∂p. ssZh-h-N\w hmbn-°p-Ibpw {ihn-°p-Ibpw [ym\n-°pIbpw {]m¿∞-\m-t{km-X - p-If - m-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ F√m-h¿°pw Cu {]t_m-[-\-tc-JbpsS Hcp hmb-\-Xs∂ F{X-b-[nIw ]pXnb Z¿i-\-ßfpw Dƒ°m-gvN-Ifpw \¬Im-Xn-cn-°n√! \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Hcp ssI∏p-kvX-I-ambn amtd≠ ""I¿Ømhns‚ hN\w'' ae-bm-f-Øn¬ e`y-am-°p∂-Xn-ep≈ Nmcn-Xm¿∞yhpw CXn\v \nc-¥cw ]n¥p-Wbpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw \¬Ip-∂-h-tcmSpw CXp ImØn-cn-°p∂htcm- S p- a p≈ IrX- ⁄ - X bpw Adn- b n- ° p- ∂ - t Xm- s Sm∏w Im¿sΩ¬ C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªo-jnwKv lukv 30-˛mw h¿jØn-te°p {]th-in-°p∂ 2010-˛se {InkvXp-akv kΩm-\a - mbn CXv tIc-f-k-`bv°v khn-\bw ka¿∏n-°p∂p 15 Unkw-_¿, 2010
^m. amXyp Xp≠-Øn¬, H.-kn.-Un. Ub-d-IvS¿ Im¿sΩ¬ C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªo-jnwKv lukv
9
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w (Verbum Domini) "ssZh-h-N\w k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønepw ZuXy-Ønepw' F∂ hnjbsØ kw_-‘n®v, sa{Xm-∑m-¿°pw sshZn-I-¿°pw ka¿∏nXPohnXw \bn-°p-∂-h¿°pw Aevambhnizm-kn-Iƒ°pambn s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS A∏-kvtXm-enI DZvt_m[\w "I¿Øm-hns‚ hN-\w' (Verbum Domini)
D]-{Iaw 1. ""I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w \nXyw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. B hN\w Xs∂-bmWv \n-ß-tfmSv {]kw-Kn-°-s∏´ kphntijw'' (1 ]t{Xm. 1:25; cf. Gi. 40:8). Giøm Zo¿LZ¿in-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v hnip≤ ]t{Xmkv Xs‚ H∂mw teJ-\-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂ Cu {]Jym-]\w \sΩ ssZh-Øns‚ alm-c-l-ky-Øns‚ apºmsI FØn-°p∂p — Xs‚ hN-\-Øn-eqsS kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xncp-a-\- mb ssZh-Øns‚ cl-kyw. \nXyw \ne-\n¬°p∂ Cu hN\w Ime-Øn¬ {]th-in®p. ssZhw Xs‚ \nXy-amb hN\w am\p-jn-I-amb coXn-
10
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
bn¬ D®-cn®p; Ahn-SpsØ ""hN\w amwk-ambn'' (tbml. 1:14). CXmWv kphn-ti-jw. \q‰m-≠p-IfneqsS IS∂v C∂v \ap°v e`n-°p-∂- {]Jym-]\w CXm-Wv. 2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 5 apX¬ 26 hsc hØn-°m-\n¬ \S∂ sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kn\Uns‚ ]{¥-≠m-aXv km[m-cW s]mXp-k-tΩ-f\w N¿®mhn-j-b-ambn sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv "ssZh-h-N\w k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønepw ZuXy-Ønepw' F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]nXmhns‚ hN-\hpw, Xs‚ \ma-Øn¬ ct≠m aqt∂m t]¿ Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sp-∂n-SØv Ah-cpsS at≤y k∂n-ln-X-\p-amb {InkvXp-hns\ I≠p-ap-´p-I- F∂ Bg-ta-dnb A\p-`-h-ambn-cp∂p AXv (a-Øm. 18:20). kn\Uv ktΩ-f\ - Ø - n¬ \n∂p≠mb {it≤- b - a mb ^e- ß fpw Rß- f psS Iq´mb {]h¿Ø-\Ø - n¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn™ ip]m¿i-Ifpw ssZhP-\sØ apgp-h≥ Adn-bn-°-W-sa∂v AXn¬ kw_-‘n® ]nXm-°-∑m¿ \S-Ønb A-`y¿∞-\-tbmSv kk-t¥mjw Rm≥ \S-Øp∂ {]Xn-Ic - W - a - mWv Cu "kn\-U\-¥c A∏kvtXm-enI Blzm\w' (Post Synodal Apostolic Exhortation).1 AXp-sIm≠v kn\Uv kw_-‘n® tcJ-I-fpsS shfn-®Øn¬ Cu ktΩ-f\w sNbvX tPmensb hne-bn-cp-Øm\mWv Rm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂X - v. en\n-bs - a-¥, C≥kv{X-ta¥pw et_m-dn-kv, sdem-kn-tbm-s\kv Bt¥ FØv t]mkvØv Unsj-]vXm-kn-tbm-s\w, k`-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xpw tcJmaqew ka¿∏n-®-Xpamb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ, N¿®mkwL-߃ \¬Inb dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ, ssZh-P-\-Øn-\mbn Ah-km\w \¬Inb ktμ-iw, F√m-‰n-\p-ap-]-cn-bmbn kp{]-[m-\-sa∂v kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Icp-Xnb hy‡-amb Nne \n¿t±i-߃ — Ch-bpsS shfn-®-Øn-emWv Cu hne-bn-cp-Øen\v Hcp-ßp-∂-Xv. C{]-Imcw \nc-¥cw \S-t°≠ \ho-Ic-W-Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-ambn k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ ssZh-hN-\sØ ho≠pw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Nne ASn-ÿm-\]-c-amb kao-]-\-߃ Nq≠n-°m-´m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. AtX- k - a bwXs∂ k`m- k w- _ - ‘ - a mb F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ImX-emb Awiw ssZh-h-N\w
D]-{Iaw
11
Bbn-cn-°-s´-sb∂ {]Xym-ibpw Rm≥ {]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm≈p-∂p.
\ΩpsS kt¥mjw kºq¿Æ-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn 2. BZy- a mbn kn\UvktΩ- f - \ - Ø n- \ n- S bv°v R߃°\p`-hs - ∏´ I¿Øm-hmb tbip-hns\ ]pXp-Xmbn I≠p-ap-´n-b-Xns‚ kt¥mjhpw at\m-lm-cn-Xbpw A\pkva-cn-°p-hm-\mWv Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. F√m kn\Uv ]nXm- ° - ∑ m- t cm- S p- s am∏w kakv X hnizm- k n- I - s fbpw hnip≤ tbml-∂ms‚ H∂mw teJ-\-Ønse hm°p-Ifn¬ Rm≥ A`n-hmZyw sNøp∂p: ""]nXm-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn Bbn-cp-∂Xpw R߃°v shfn-s∏-´-Xp-amb \nXy-Po-h≥ R߃ \nß-tfmSv {]tLm-jn-°p-∂p. R߃ ImWpIbpw tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv \nß-sfbpw R߃ Adnbn-°p-∂p. Rß-fp-ambn \n߃°pw Iq´mbva D≠m-tI≠-Xn-\mWv R߃ CXv {]tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv. Rß-fpsS Iq´m-bva-bm-Is´ ]nXm-hn-t\mSpw Ahn-SpsØ ]p{X-\mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-t\m-Sp-amWv'' (tbm-l. 1:2˛3). tIƒ°p-I, ImWp-I, kv]¿in-°p-I, kq£n-®p-ho-£n-°pI Ch-sb∏‰nbmWv At∏m-kvX-e≥ \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Imc-Ww, {InkvXp-hn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´Xv Poh≥Xs∂ Bbn-cp∂p. ssZh- h p- a mbpw a\p- j y¿ XΩnepap≈ Iq´mbvabntebv°p hnfn-°-s∏´ \mw Cu Zm\w D®Øn¬ {]Jym-]n-°-Ww. ktμ-i-Øns‚ Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n∂v t\m°n-°-≠m¬ k`bv°pw temI-Øn-\pw, Xncpk`-bpsS Iq´m-bva-bn¬ I≠p-ap-´p∂ ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ al-Ømb at\m-lm-cnX {]I-S-am-°p∂ Hcp km£y-am-bn-cp∂p kn\UvktΩ-f-\w. k`bv°pw temIw apgp-h-\p-am-bp≈ Hcp km£yw. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ Pohs‚ hN-\-Øns‚ Zriy-cq-]-amb {InkvXp-hp-am-bp≈ hy‡n-]-chpw Iq´m-bva°-Sp-Ø-Xp-amb I≠p-ap-´¬ \ho-I-cn-°p-hm\pw {InkvXphns‚ apt∂m-Sn-I-fm-Iphm\pw F√m hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. Aßs\
12
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
ssZhnI Pohs‚ Zm\amb Iq´mbva temI-saßpw hym]n°p-hm≥, CS-bm-I-Ww. ssZh-Øns‚ Poh-\n¬ ]¶m-fnbm-Ip-I, kvt\l-Øns‚ {XnXz-amb ssZh-Øns‚ Poh\n¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-Ip-I, F∂-XmWv kºq¿Æ-amb B\μw (1 tbml. 1:4). \ΩpsS at≤y hkn-°p∂ ssZh-h-N-\amb {InkvXp F∂ hy‡nsb I≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xp-hgn D≠mIp∂ Cu kt¥mjw a‰p-≈-h¿°v ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-Isb-∂Xv k`-bpsS Zm\hpw Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm\m-ImØ Npa-XebpamWv. ssZhsØ Bh-iy-an-√, ssZhw A{]-k-‡am-sW∂v an°-t∏mgpw Icp-Xp∂ Cu temIØv AhnSpsØ ]°¬ am{X-amWv ""\nXy-Po-hs‚ hN-\-߃'' D≈Xv F∂-v hnip≤ ]t{Xm-kn-s\m∏w \Ωfpw G‰p-]-dbp-∂p (tbm-l. 6:68). \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Bfp-Isf Hcn-°¬°qSn ssZhsØ I≠p-ap-´m≥ Ign-hp≈-hc - m-°p-I. \ap°v kar-≤a - mbn Poh≥ e`y-am-Ip-∂X - n\v \tΩmSv kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw \map-ambn kvt\lw ]¶p-hbv°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZhsØ I≠p-ap-´m≥ Ahsc i‡-cm-°pI (tbm-l. 10:10) CXn-t\-°mƒ ap≥K-W\ A¿ln-°p-∂-Xmbn bmsXm-∂p-an√:
""ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬'' (Dei Verbum) \n∂v ssZhhN\w kw_-‘n® kn\Un-te°v 3. ssZh-h-N\w kw_-‘n®v sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kn\Uns‚ ]{¥-≠m-aXv km[m-cW s]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\-tØm-SpIqSn ss{IkvX-h-PohnX-Øns‚ lrZbw Xs∂-bmWv R߃ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂Xv F∂ Ah-t_m[w R߃°p-≠m-bn. ""Znhy-Im-cpWyw'' k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚bpw ZuXy-Øn-s‚bpw t{kmX pw D®-tIm-Snbpw F∂ hnj-bs-Ø kw_-‘n®v t\csØ \S-Ønb kn\-Uns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv CsX∂pw R߃ Xncn-®-dn-™p. ssZh-hN\w F∂ ASn- Ø - d - b n- e mWv Xncp- k ` ]Wn- X pb¿Øs∏´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B hN-\-Øn¬\n-∂mWv Ahƒ cq]-sa-SpØXpw Pohn-°p-∂-Xpw.2 Ncn-{X-ØnepS-\ofw
D]-{Iaw
13
ssZh-P\w ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬ F-t∏mgpw i‡n Is≠-Ønbn-cp-∂p. B hN\w {ihn®pw BtLm-jn®pw ]Tn®pw BWv C∂pw k`m-k-aqlw hf-cp-∂Xv. Ign™ GXm\pw Zi-I-ß-fn¬ Cu hnjbw kw_-‘n®v k`m-Po-hn-X-Øn\p IqSp-X¬ Xncn-®d - n-hp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. {]tXy-In®pw ss{IkvXh shfn-]m-Sv, kPoh ]mc-º-cyw, hnip-≤-{KŸw Ch-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Xe-ß-fn¬. entbm ]Xn-aq-∂m-a≥ am¿]m-∏bpsS Imew-sXm´v k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ hnip-≤-{KŸ ]T-\Ø - n-s‚bpw ssZh-hN - \ - Ø - n-s‚bpw {]m[m\yw kw_‘n® Ah-t_m[w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ DZy-a-߃°v ASn-°Sn B°w IqSn-h-∂p.3 CXv ]mc-ay-Øn-se-Øp-∂Xv c≠mw hØn-°m≥ kq\-l-tZm-kn-em-Wv. {]tXy-In®pw "ssZh-h-N-\w' (Dei verbum) F∂ Znhy shfn-]mSv kw_‘n® {]am- W - t c- J - b psS hn⁄m- ] - \ - Ø n¬. Cu {]amWtcJ k`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Hcp \mgn-I-°-√m-bncp-∂p. ""hnip-≤-{KŸhymJym-\w, ssZh-im-kv{Xw, Bflob-X, AP-]m-e-\w, k`m sFIyw F∂o Xe-ß-fn¬ Cu {]am- W - t cJ k`m- P o- h n- X - Ø n¬ F¥p- a m{Xw KpWw sNbvXp F∂v kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ \μn-]q¿Δw Xncn-®dn-bp-∂p.4'' CXn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ h¿j-ß-fnepw CXv kw_‘n® Ah-t_m[w hf-cp-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p. ""shfn]m-Sns‚ {XnXz-_-≤hpw c£m-I-c-N-cn-{X-Øn-t‚-Xp-amb N{I-hmfw kw_-‘n®pw5'' D≈ Ah-t_m[w; Cu ]›mØ-e-Øn¬ ""tbip-{In-kvXp- a≤y-ÿ\pw F√m shfn-]mSn-s‚bpw ]q¿Æ-Xbpw6'' Bbn Xncn-®-dn-bs∏S-Ww. Cu Xncn-®-dn-hn\v B°w IqSn-bn-´p-≠v. Hmtcm Xe-ap-d-tbmSpw Xncp-k` \nc-¥cw DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv {InkvXp ""shfn]mSv ]q¿Øn-bm-°n, kºq¿Æ-am°n'' F∂mWv. ""AhnSpsØ km∂n-≤y-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m-°m-cyhpw AhnSp∂v \S-Ønb kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øepw CXv ssIh-cn°p∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp-∂p: Ahn-SpsØ hm°p-Ifpw {]hr-Øn-I-fpw, AS-bm-fß - fpw A¤p-Xßfpw F√m-‰n-\p-ap-]c - n-bmbn AhnSpsØ ac-Whpw acn-®-h-cn¬\n-∂p≈ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-
14
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
ev]pw, Ah-km-\-ambn Ahn-Sp∂v Xs‚ Acq-]nsb Ab®-Xpw.7'' Xncp-k-`-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-Øn-ep≈ XmXv]cyw ]pXnb Hcp-W¿hv t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw Znhy-sh-fn]mSv kw_-‘n® ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hnNn-¥-\-Øn\pw hnip-≤-{KŸ]T-\-Øn\pw "ssZh-h-N\w' (Dei Verbum) F∂ {]amW-tcJ F{X-am{Xw DtØ-P\w \¬In-sb∂v F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bmw. Ign™ \mev]Xv h¿j-ambn Xncpk` {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Imcw hn\n-tbm-Kn®v Cu hnjbw kw_-‘n®v \nc-h[n {]kvXm-h\ - I - ƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v.8 ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS am¿§-Z¿i\w kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v Xs‚ bm{X XpS-tc-≠-Xps≠∂v Xncn-®-dn-™v, Cu kn\Uv ktΩ-fn°p-Ih - g- n, ssZh-hN - \w F∂ hnjbw kw_-‘n® IqSp-X¬ hnNn-¥\w \S-tØ-≠-Xm-sW∂pw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-ens‚ \n¿t±-i-߃ \S-∏n-em-°n-bXv kw_‘n®v Hcp Ah-tem-I\w \S-Øm\pw ss{IkvX-h-hn-izmkn-I-fpsS apºn¬ Cu Ime-L´w Db¿Øp∂ sh√p-hn-fnIsf t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\pw Cu hnNn-¥-\w Bh-iy-am-sW∂v k`bv°v tXm∂n.
ssZh-h-N\w kw_-‘n®v sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kn\Uv 4. kn\Uns‚ ]{¥-≠m-aXv ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ temIØns‚ F√m `mK-ß-fn¬\n-∂p-ap≈ sa{Xm-∑m¿ ssZh-hN-\-Øn-\p-Np‰pw H∂n-®p-IqSn {]Xo-Im-fl-I-ambn hnip≤ {KŸw ktΩ-f-\-th-Zn-bpsS a[y-Øn¬ {]Xn-jvTn®p. A\pZn-\-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \ΩpsS {i≤-bn¬s∏-SmsX t]mIp∂ Hcp hkvXpX ASn-h-c-bn´v Im´p-hm-\mWv Cß-s\ sNbvXXv. ""ssZhw \tΩmSv kwkm-cn-°p∂p; \ΩpsS tNmZy߃°v Ahn-Sp∂v adp-]Sn ]d-bp-∂p.''9 CXmWv B hkvXpX. R߃ H∂n®v I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w {ihn-®p, I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w BtLm-jn-®p. ssZh-P-\-Øns‚ a≤y-Øn¬ I¿Ømhv sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-sX√mw R߃ ]c-kv]cw ]d-™p-tIƒ∏n-®p. {]Xym-iI - fpw Bi-
D]-{Iaw
15
¶-Ifpw R߃ ]¶p-h-®p. ssZh-h-N-\-hp-ambn \ap-°p≈ _‘w "k`-bpsS Iq´m-bva-bn¬' am{Xta Bg-ap-≈-Xm°m≥ Ignbq F∂v CXn-eq-sS-sb√mw R߃°v t_m≤yam-bn. ]c-kv]cw ]d™pw ]d-bp-∂Xv {i≤n-®p-tI-´pw, ]ckv]cw AwKo-I-cn®pw am{Xta CXv km≤y-am-Iq. temIØns‚ hnhn-[-`m-K-ß-fn¬ k`m-Po-hnXw Fßs\ \S°p∂p F∂Xp kw_-‘n® km£y-ß-tfmSv CXn\v R߃ \μn ]d-b-Ww. ktΩ-f-\-Øn-\n-S-bv°p-≠mb hnhn[ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fmWv Cu km£y-Øn\v \nanØ-am-bXv . kn\Uv ktΩ- f - \ - Ø n¬ ]s¶- S p- ° m≥ R߃ £Wn® ktlm-ZcZuXy-kw-L-ßsf {ihn-®Xpw hnImc-\n¿`-ca - mb Hc-\p-`h - a - m-bn-cp-∂p. tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏nfnse FIyq-sa-\n-°¬ ]m{Xn-bm¿°o-kmb _¿Ø-tem-an-tbmkv H∂m-as‚ am≤yÿw Rm≥ {]tXyIw A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p. kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Atß-b‰w hne-a-Xn® A`n-{]m-bß-fm-bn-cp-∂p Xncp-ta-\n-bp-tS-Xv.10 Ncn-{X-Øn¬ BZy-ambn kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Hcp blq-Z-Kp-cp-hns\ ktΩ-f-\-Ønte°v £Wn-®n-cp-∂p. lo{_pss__nƒ kw_-‘n® At±- l - Ø ns‚ hne- s ∏´ km£yw e`y- a m- I m- \ mWv Cßs\ sNbvXX - v. lo{_p hnip-≤{- K-Ÿhpw \ΩpsS hnip≤-{KŸ-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-am-W-t√m.11 Cßs\ ""k`-bn¬ C∂v Hcp s]¥-t°m-kvXm-Zn-hkw BWv'' F∂v kt¥m-j-tØmSpw IrX-⁄-X-tbmSpw Xncn®-dn-bm≥ R߃°v Ign-™p. AXm-b-Xv, k` hnhn[ `mj-I-fn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂p; _mly-ambn am{X-a-√, temIØnse kp{]-[m-\-`m-j-I-sf√mw k`-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p-s≠∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, Iptd-°qSn Bg-ta-dnb A¿∞-Øn¬ k` `n∂ `mj-Iƒ kwkm-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. temI-sØbpw ssZh-sØbpw kw_-‘n® hyXykvX A\p`- h - ß ƒ k`- b v ° p- ≈ n¬Øs∂bp- ≠ v . kº- ∂ - a mb hyXykvX kwkvIm-c-ßsf k` Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-≠v. Cßs\ am{Xta am\p-jn-Im-\p-`hw F{X hnim-e-am-sW∂v \mw a\- n-em-°p-I-bp-≈q. Aßs\ ssZh-h-N\w F{X
16
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hnim-ea - m-sW∂pw \mw a\- n-em-°pw.''12 XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠ncn-°p∂ Hcp s]¥-t°mkvXm ImWm\pw R߃°hnsS Ign-™p. hnhn[ P\-X-Iƒ Ah-cpsS kz¥w `mj-bnepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Ct∏mgpw ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. kn\Un¬ DS- \ ofw ]utemkv At∏m- k v X - e s‚ km£yw Rß-tfm-sSm∏w D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXpX Rm≥ Fßs\ A\p-kva-cn-°m-Xn-cn°pw! P\-X-I-fpsS alm-\mb At∏m-kvX-e\v {]tXyIw A¿∏n-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ h¿jw, hnip-≤≥ P\n®v c≠m-bn-cw-h¿jw XnI-bp∂ Ahk-c-Øn¬, kn\-Uns‚ Cu ]{¥≠mw km[m-cW s]mXpk-tΩ-f\w \S-°m-\n-Sb - m-bXpw ssZh-]c - n-]m-e\ - b - psS `mKam-Wv. ssZh-h-N\w {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ Xo£vW-XbmWv ]utem-kns‚ Pohn-XØ - n¬ \nd-™p-\n-∂X - v. ssZhh-N\w {]kw-Kn-°p-I-bmWv Xs‚ ZuXyw F∂v hnip-≤≥ hnIm-tcm-jva-f-X-tbmsS ]d-bp-∂Xv \ΩpsS lrZ-bsØ Fß-s\-bmWv kv]¿in-°m-Xn-cn-°pI! ""kphn-ti-j-Øn\p-th≠n Rm≥ Ch-sb√mw sNøp∂p'' (1 tImdn. 9:23). tdmam-°m¿°p≈ teJ-\-Øn¬ hnip-≤≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""kphn-ti-j-sØ-∏‰n Rm≥ e÷n-°p-∂n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ Gh¿°pw, AXv c£-bn-te°v \bn-°p∂ ssZh-i-‡n-bmWv'' (tdmam 1:16). k`-bpsS Pohn-Xhpw ZuXy-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn ssZh-h-N\w \mw hnNn-¥\-Øn-\p-hn-t[-b-am-°p-tºm-sg√mw hnip≤ ]utem-kns\bpw {InkvXp-hns‚ c£m-Icktμiw F√m P\-XIƒ°pw FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pth≠n sNe-h-gn® hnip-≤s‚ Pohn-X-sØbpw Hm¿Ωn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI hø.
tbml- ∂ ms‚ kphn- t i- j - Ø ns‚ BapJw Hcp hgn-Im´n 5. k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ kn\Uns‚ {]h¿-Ø\w bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ^e-ap-≠m-°Ww F∂ Fs‚ B{K-lamWv Cu A∏-kvtXm-enI Blzm\w {]I-S-am-°p-∂-Xv.
D]-{Iaw
17
hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-hp-ambn \ap-°p≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb _‘w, Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Ønepw aX-t_m-[-\-Ønepw hnip-≤-{KŸw hymJym-\n-°¬ AXp-t]mse imkv{Xob Kth-jWw — Cu taJ-eI - f - n-se√mw ss__nƒ `qX-Im-eØ - p-\n-∂p-h∂ hN\w am-{X-ambn Xoc-cp-Xv, Poh-\p-≈Xpw Imtem-Nn-Xhp-amb Hcp hN-\-am-bn-cn-°Ww AXv. CXv t\Sp-∂-Xn\v kn\Uns‚ {]h¿Ø\w hni-Zo-I-cn-°m\pw AXv hnizmkn-I-fpsS apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m\pw Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. CXn-te°p tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ BapJsØ IqsS-°qsS ]cm-a¿in-t°-≠n-hcpw (tbm-l. 1:1˛8). \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w F¥v F∂v Adn-bn°p-∂-XmWv Cu Bap-Jw: BZn-ap-Xte ssZh-tØm-sSm∏-am-bn-cp∂ hN\w; amwk-ambn \Ωp-sS- C-S-bn¬ hkn® hN\w'' (tbm-l. 1:14). CXv AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb Hcp hN\-`m-K-am-Wv. kakvX ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚bpw Hcp DZv{K-Y\w CXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. {InkvXp-hns\ I≠pap-´p-Ibpw ]n≥sN-√p-Ibpw sNbvX hy‡n-]-c-amb A\p`-h-Øn¬\n-∂v, ""tbip kvt\ln-®n-cp∂ injy≥'' (tbml. 13:23; 20:2; 21:7, 20) F∂v ]mc-ºcyw ]d-bp∂ tbml∂m\pw ""Bg-ta-dnb Hcp Dd-∏p-≠m-bn. ssZh-Øns‚ hn⁄m\w a\p-jy-\mbn Ah-X-cn-®-XmWv tbip; A\mZn-Imew apX-te-bp≈ ssZh-h-N\w ac-W-ap≈ a\p-jy\mbn Xo¿∂''XmWv Ahn-Sp∂v.13 ""ImWp-Ibpw hniz-kn°p-Ibpw'' (cf. tbml. 20:8) sNbvX tbml-∂m≥ {InkvXphns‚ amdn¬ Nmcn-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ \sΩbpw klm-bn-°s´ (tbm-l. 13:25). c‡hpw Pehpw Hgp-In-h-∂Xv Ahn-sS-\n∂m-Wt- √m (cf. tbm-l. 19:34). Xncp-k` - b - nse IqZm-iI - f - psS {]Xo-I-ß-fmWv Cu c‡hpw Pe-hpw. At∏m-kvX-e-\mb tbml-∂m-s‚bpw {]tNm-Zn-X-cmb a‰v {KŸ-I¿Øm-°-fpsSbpw amXrI ]n≥Xp-S¿∂v ssZh-h-N-\-tØmSv Ft∏mgpw IqSp-X¬ kvt\lw D≠m-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n \sΩ \bn-°p-∂-Xn\v \ap°v kzbw A\p-h-Zn-°mw.
18
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
19
`mKw H∂v
ssZ-h-h-N-\w (Verbum Dei) ""BZn-bn¬ hN-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hN\w ssZhtØm-Sp- Iq-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hN\w ssZham-bn-cp-∂p... hN\w amwk-ambn'' (tbml. 1:1, 14).
20
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
21
kwkm-cn-°p∂ ssZhw ssZhw kwhm-Z-Øn¬ 6. a\p-jy-cp-ambn kw`m-jWw \S-Øm≥ ssZhw B{Kln-°p-∂p. B kw`m-jW - Ø - n-eqsS ssZhw Adn-bs∏-Sp∂p — Cu hkvXp-Xb - n-emWv ss__n-fnse shfn-]m-Sns‚ \ho\X AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.14 "ssZh-h-N\w' F∂ {]amWtcJ CXv {]I-S-am-°p-∂Xv ""AZr-iy-\mb ssZhw Xs‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xb - n¬\n∂v a\p-jysc (kv{Xo]pcpj-∑m-sc), Xs‚ Iq´m-bva-bn-te°v £Wn-°p-∂-Xn\pw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pwth≠n kplr-Øp-°ƒ F∂ coXnbn¬ Ahsc A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂p, Ah-cpsS CSbn¬ hkn- ° p- ∂ p, F∂v AwKo- I - c n- ® p- s Im- ≠ m- W v , 15 F∂m¬ ssZhw a\p- j y- c p- a mbn kv t \l- ] q¿Δ- a mb Iq´mbva D≠m-°p∂p F∂ hkvXpX am{Xw {Kln-®m¬ tbml-∂ms‚ Bap-J-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ ktμiw ]q¿Æ- a mbpw Dƒs°m- ≈ m≥ \ap°v Ign- b p- I - b n- √ . bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Bcn-eq-sS-bmtWm k¿Δhpw kr„n-°s∏-´Xv (tbm-l. 1:1) ""B ssZh-hN - \ - w, ""amwk-amb hN\w'' (tbml. 1:3) ""BZn-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ AtX hN\w'' (tbml. 1:14) Xs∂-bm-Wv. DXv]Ø - n-bpsS ]pkvXI - Ø - ns‚ XpS-°-sØ-bmWv CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂v a\- n-em°n- b m¬ XnI®pw kºq¿Æamb Hcp Bcw- ` amWv (beginning) \mw I≠p-ap-´p-I. ssZh-Øns‚ B¥-cn-I-Pohn-X-sØ-∏-‰n \tΩmSv ]d-bp∂ Hcp BZn-ap-lq¿Øw. hN\w, temtKm-kv, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A\-¥-Imew sXmt´ Ds≠-∂mWv tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ BapJw
22
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
\ap°v hy‡-am-°n-Øc - p-∂X - v. A\-¥I - m-ew-sXmt´ hN\w ssZh- a m- s W∂pw. ssZhw Hcn- ° epw Xs‚ hN- \ Øn¬\n∂v th¿s]´v \n∂n-cp-∂n-√. {]]©w kr„n°s∏Sp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº hN\w D≠v. Aßs\ ssZhn-I-Pohs‚ D≈-d-bn¬ Iq´mbva \ne-hn-ep-≠v. kºq¿Æ-amb Zm\w Ahn-sS-bp-≠v. ""ssZhw kvt\l-am-Ip∂p'' (tbml. 4:16) F∂v At∏m-kvX-e≥ ]d-bp-∂p. ""ssZhsØ kw_‘n-®p≈ ss{I-kvXh k¶-ev]hpw AXn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øncn-bp∂ a\p-jy-h¿§ k¶-ev]hpw a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ BXy-¥nI e-£yhpw'' kqNn-∏n-°p-∂X - mWv Cu hmIyw.16 ssZhw Xs∂-Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv A\-¥-amb kvt\l-Øns‚ Znhy-c-l-ky-am-bn-´m-Wv. B A\-¥-amb kvt\l-Øn¬ ]nXmhv A\m-Zn-Im-ew-sXmt´ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n-bn¬ Xs‚ hN\w D®-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v BZn-apXte ssZh-tØm-sSm-∏-ap≈ hN\w ssZh-amWv; ssZhnI Bfp-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ kvt\l-kw-hm-ZØ - n¬ ssZhw kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. B kvt\l-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥ ssZhw \sΩ £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kvt\l-kz-cq]n-bmb ssZh-Øns‚ kmZr-iy-Ønepw Omb-bn-ep-amWv a\p-jys\ kr-„n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v hN-\sØ kzoI-cn-®m¬ am{Xta \ap°v \sΩ-Øs∂ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-hp-ambn hn\-b-]q¿Δw kl-I-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. ssZh-h-N\w \SØn-bn-´p≈ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ens‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ a\p-jymh-ÿb - m-Ip∂ kaky BXy-¥n-Ia - mbn hni-Za - m-Ip-∂p-≠v.
ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ km[¿Ωyw 7. tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ Bap-J-Øn¬ ImWp∂ ss{IkvXh cl-ky-Øn-t∑¬ [ym\n-®p-\S- Ø - nb hnNn-¥-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬, "ssZh-h-N\'sØ∏‰n ]dbp-tºmƒ GsX√mw hyXykvX coXn-bn¬ \mw kwkm-cn°p∂p F∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ FSp-Øp-]-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
23
d™ Imcy-߃ \mw Ct∏mƒ ]cn-K-Wnt°≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]Z-Øns‚ "kzc-eb'sØ∏‰n (symphony) Ah¿ \ymb- a mb ]cm- a ¿iw \S- Ø n. hnhn[ A¿∞- ß ƒ, F∂m¬ ]c-kv]cw tN¿®-bp≈ A¿∞-߃. H‰-hm-°v, At\Iw coXn-bn¬ {Kln-°m-hp∂ Hcp hm°v. "_lp-kzc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp Io¿Ø-\w'("a polyphonic hymn").17 ssZhh-N-\-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ a\p-jys‚ `mj km[¿Ωyco- X n- b n- e mWv ( analogically) kwkm- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v . Cu hkvXpX kn\Uv ]nXm-°∑ - m¿ Nq≠n-°m-´n. ssZhw kzbw shfns∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv Cu hm°v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX¶nepw Cu hm°n\v hyXykvX A¿∞-ß-fp-≠v. Ah {i≤m- ] q¿Δw ]cn- t im- [ n- ° p- I bpw Ah ]c- k v ] cw Fßs\ _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂v a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw thWw. ssZh-imkv{X hnNn-¥-\-Øn-s‚bpw AP-]m-e\ Iogvhg-°-Øn-s‚bpw ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n∂pw Cu ]cn-tim[\ \S-ØW - w. tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-jØ - ns‚ BapJw hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, hN\w F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ BZy-ambn Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv A\m-Zn-Im-ew-ap-X-ep≈ hN-\w, ]p{X≥, F√m bpK-߃°pw aptº ]nXm-hn¬\n∂v P\n®-h\pw ]nXm-hns‚Xs∂ kz`mhw D≈-h-\p-amb ]p{X≥ F∂m-Wv. hN\w ssZh-tØm-Sp-Iq-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p, hN\w ssZh-am-bn-cp-∂p. CtX hN\w ""amwkw Bbn'' (tbm-l. 1:14) F∂v hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ ]d-bp-∂p. Aßs\ I\yIm-ad - n-bØ - n¬\n-∂p-]nd∂ tbip-{InkvXp bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-am-Wv. amwk-am-Ip-I-hgn a\p-jy-kz-`mh-ap-≈-h-\p-am-bn. \sΩ-t∏m-se-Xs∂ Hcp a\p-jy≥. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ""ssZh-h-N\w'' F∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ AXv tbip-{InkvXp F∂ hy-‡nsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂p; A\m-ZnImew apXte ssZh-Øn-s‚ ]p{X-\m-bn-cp-∂-h\pw a\pjy-\m-bn-Øo¿∂-h-\p-amb tbip-{In-kvXp. {InkvXpkw`-h-amWv ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sns‚ tI{μ-_nμp. F¶nepw kr„{]]-©hpw — {]]-©-am-Ip∂ ]p-
24
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
kvXIw (liber naturae) — At\-I-kz-c-Øn¬ kzc-e-btØmsS Be-]n-°p∂ Km\-Øn¬ Hcp Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-Iam-sW∂v \mw Adn-b-Ww. At\Iw ÿmbn-bn¬, kzcØn¬, D®cn°-s∏-Sp∂ Htc hN\-Øns‚ `mK-amWv kr„{]-]-©-hpw. c£m-I-c-N-cn-{X-Ønepw ssZhw Xs‚ hN\w D®-cn®p F∂ \ΩpsS hnizmkw \mw G‰p]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Ahn-Sp∂v Xs‚ kzcw \mw tIƒ°m≥ CS-bm-°n. Acq]n-bpsS i‡n-bm¬ ""{]hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eqsS ssZhw kwkmcn-®p.''18 Aßs\ c£-bpsS Ncn-{X-ØnepS-\ofw ssZhh-N\w D®-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. G‰w ]q¿Æ-ambn hN\w D®cn-°s∏-´ncn°p-∂Xv ssZh-]p-{Xs‚ a\p-jym-hX - m-cØ - nepw ac-W-Ønepw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏nepw BWv. Dbn¿sØgp-t∂‰ tbip-hns‚ ""\n߃ temI-sa-ßpw-t]mbn F√m kr„n-I-tfmSpw kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-hn≥'' (a¿t°m. 16:15) F∂ Iev]\ A\p-k-cn®v At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ {]kwKn-®Xpw B ssZh-h-N\w Xs∂-bm-Wv. Aßs\ ssZhh-N\w k`-bpsS kPo-h-amb ]mc-º-cy-Øn-eqsS ssIamds∏´psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-km-\a - m-bn, ssZh-hN - \ - a - mWv hnip-≤-{K-Ÿw. km£y-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´Xpw ssZhnI {]tNmZ\w Dƒs°m≠v cNn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-amb hnip-≤-{KŸw; ]gb-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-hpw. \mw Xncp-k-`-bn¬ hnip-≤{K- Ÿ - s Ø hf- s c- b - [ nIw BZ- c n- ° p- ∂ p- s ≠- ¶ nepw ss{IkvX-h-hn-izmkw Hcp ]pkvX-IsØ B[m-c-am-°nbp≈ aX-a-√. Cu hkvXpX {Kln-°m≥ taev∏-d-™sX√mw klm-bn-°pw. ""ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ aX-amWv ss{IkvX-h-aXw.'' ""Fgp-X-s∏´ aqI-amb hm°ns‚ aXa√ AXv. a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX kPo-h-amb hN-\Øns‚ aX-amWv''19 AXp-sIm-≠v hnip-≤-{KŸw {]tLmjn-°s∏SWw, tIƒ-°-s∏SWw, hmbn-°-s∏SWw, ssZhh-N-\-ambn BZ-cn-°-s∏-S-Ww, A\p-`-hn-®-dn-b-Ww. CXv A∏-kvtXm-enI ]mc-ºc - y-Øns‚ apJy-[m-cb - n¬\n-∂p-sIm≠m-I-Ww. B ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬-\n∂v AS¿Øn-am-‰m-\m-Im-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
25
Ø-XmWv hnip-≤-{K-Ÿw.20 kq\-l-tZmkv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-t]mse ""ssZh-h-N\w'' F∂ ]Z-{]-tbmKw km[¿Ωy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv (analogically). CXv \mw a\- n-emt°-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu {]tbm-K-Øns‚ hnhn[ A¿∞-߃ a\- n-em-°m≥ hnizm-kn-Isf C\nbpw IqSp-Xe - mbn klmbn-t°-≠X - p-≠v. AtX-ka - b - w-Xs∂ B {]tbm-KØ - n\v Hcp Ahn-`mPy A¿∞-hp-ap-s≠∂pw Ah¿ a\- n-em-°-Ww. ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n-∂p-sIm≠v t\m°ptºmƒ Cu {]tbm-K-Øns‚ hyXykvX A¿∞-߃ Fßs\ ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xp kw_‘n®v C\nbpw ]T\w \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Aßs\ ssZhØns‚ ]≤-Xnbnse sFIyhpw B ]≤-Xnbn¬ {InkvXp F∂ hy‡n-°p≈ {]apJ ÿm\hpw IqSp-X¬ hy‡ambn {]I-S-am-I-Ww.21
hN-\-Øns‚ {]m]-©nI am\w 8. A\m-Zn-ap-X-te-bp≈ amwk-amb ssZh-h-N-\sØ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xmbn ""ssZh-hN\w'' F∂ {]tbm-KØns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb A¿∞sØ ImWp-Ibpw a\pjy-h¿§hpw ssZhhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn¬ a≤yÿ\pw a\pjyh¿§-Øns‚ GI c£-I-\p-ambn22 amwkamb hN-\sØ I≠v hN\w {ihn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ F√m bmYm¿∞y-Øn-s‚bpw ASnÿm\w hN-\-amWv F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hn-te°v hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Ønse shfn-s∏-Spج \sΩ \bn-°pw. ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-sØ-∏‰n (temtKm-kv) tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ Bap-J-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv ""ka-kvXhpw Ah-\n-eqsS D≠mbn; H∂pw Ahs\-°q-SmsX D≠m-bn-´n√'' F∂m-Wv (tbm-l. 1:3). sImtfm n- b ¿°p≈ teJ- \ - Ø n¬ ""{Inkv X p F√m kr„nIƒ°pw apºp≈ BZy PmX-\mWv'' F∂v ]d-bp∂p (sImtfm. 1:15). ""F√m hkvXp-°fpw Ah-\n-eq-sSbpw Ah-\p-
26
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
th-≠n-bp-amWv kr„n-°-s∏-´Xv'' (sIm-tfm. 1:16). sl{_mb¿°p≈ teJ\Øns‚ I¿Ømhpw CXp-t]m-ep≈ {]kvXm-h\ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. ""ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-Øm¬ temIw kr„n-°-s∏-s´∂pw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂h ImW-s∏-SmØ-h-bn¬\n-∂p-≠mbn F∂pw hnizmkwaqew \mw Adnbp-∂p'' (sl-{_m. 11:3). \sΩ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Cu {]tLm-jWw kzmX{¥y-Øns‚ hN-\-am-Wv. temI-Øn-ep≈ bmsXmcp hkvXphpw bmZr—bm D≠m-b-X-s√∂pw ssZhw Xocp-am-\n®Xpw Ahn-SpsØ ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-am-bp-≈Xpw BWv Ah-sb∂pw hnip-≤-{KŸw ]d-bp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤Xn-bpsS tI{μ-_n-μp-hmbn \n¬°p-∂ {InkvXp-hn¬; ssZhnI Poh-\n¬, ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥ \ap°v \¬Ip∂ £W-hpw AXn¬ A¥¿eo-\a - mWv. "temtKm-kn-'¬ \n∂mWv, hN-\-Øn¬\n-∂m-Wv, {]]©w D≠m-b-Xv. AXns\ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xpw \bn-°p-∂Xpw k¿§m-flI - amb {]⁄bmWv F∂-Xns‚ AS-bmfw ambn®p If-bm-\m-Im-Øh - n[w {]]-©-Øn¬ Ipdn-®n-´p-≠v. kt¥mjw Xpfp-ºp∂ hm°pI-fn¬ AN-©-e-amb Dd-t∏msS k¶o¿Ø-I≥ ]mSp-∂p. ""I¿Øm-hns‚ hN-\-Øm¬ BImiw \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´p Ahn-SpsØ I¬∏-\-bm¬ BIm-i-tKm-f-ßfpw'' (k-¶o. 33:6). ""Ahn-Sp∂v Acp-fn-s®bvXp; temIw D≠mbn; AhnSp∂v Iev]n-®p, AXv kpÿm-]n-Xa - mbn'' (k-¶o. 33:9). F√m hkvXp-°fpw Cu clkyw {]I-S-am-°p-∂p: ""BImiw ssZh-Øns‚ alØzw {]tLm-jn-°p∂p; hm\-hn-Xm\w Ahn-SpsØ Ic-th-esb hnfw-_cw sNøp∂p'' (k-¶o. 19:1). kr-„nsb \nco-£n®v {k„m-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ hnip-≤{K-Ÿw-Xs∂ \sΩ £Wn-°p∂p (cf. ⁄m\w 13:5; tdmam. 1:19-˛20). hN-\-Ønse "kzc-ebw' (Symphony) F∂ Cu Bibw ]c-º-cm-KX ss{IkvX-h-Nn¥ hnI-kn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, hnip≤ s_m\-sh-¥qc {Ko°v ]nXm-°∑m-cpsS ]mc-ºcyw ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p-sIm≠v hN-\Ø - n¬ (tem-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
27
tKm-kv)23 kr„n-bpsS k¿-Δ km≤y-X-Ifpw Hfn-™p-In-S∏p- s ≠∂v ]d- b p- ∂ p. At±- l w ]d- b p- ∂ p, ""Hmtcm kr„nbpw ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp hN-\-amWv. Imc-Ww, AXv ssZhsØ {]tLm- j n- ° p∂p.'' 24 "ssZh- h - N \w' (Dei Verbum) F∂ {]amW-tcJ Cu XØzw DZv{K-Yn-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv. ""Xs‚ hN-\-Øm¬ k¿Δhpw kr„n-°pIbpw \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZhw (cf. tbml. 1:3) kr„n-°-s∏´ hkvXp-°-fn-eqsS Xs∂-∏‰n \nc-¥cw sXfnhv e`y-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.''25
a\pjys‚ kr„n 9. bYm¿∞-am-b-h-sb√mw hN-\-Øn¬\n-∂p-]n-d-∂-hbmWv; Ah hN-\-Øns‚ kr„n-bm-Wv (Creatura Verbi). F√m bm-Ym¿∞yhpw hN-\-Øn\p tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°m≥ hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZhhpw ssZh-Øns‚ kr„nbpw XΩn-ep≈ kvt\l-_-‘-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw apgp-h\pw hnIkn- ° p- ∂ Xv {]]- © - Ø ns‚ ]›m- Ø - e - Ø n- e mWv ; Aßs\ a\p- j ys‚ \nXy- c - £ - b mWv F√m- Ø nepw A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-cn-°p∂ \ymbw. c£m-I-c-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS {]]-©-sØ t\m°n-°mWp-tºmƒ a\pjy\p {]]-©-Øn-ep≈ A\-\yhpw khn-ti-j-hp-amb ÿm\w \ap°v t_m≤y-am-Ipw: ""ssZhw Xs‚ Omb-bn¬ a\p-jys\ kr„n-®p. ssZh-Øns‚ Omb-bn¬ Ahn-Sp∂v Ahs\ kr„n®p; kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j-\p-ambn Ahsc kr„n-®p'' (D-Xv]. 1:27). {k„m-hn¬\n∂v \ap°v e`n® Aaq-ey-amb Zm\-ßsf ]q¿Æ-ambpw Xncn-®d - n-bp-∂X - n-\p≈ Ignhv CXv \ap°v \¬Ip-∂p: \ΩpsS ico-cØ - ns‚ aqeyw, bp‡n-Nn-¥-sb∂ A\p-{K-lw, kzmX-{¥yw, a\:km£n CsX√mw {k„m-hn¬\n∂v \ap°v e`n® Zm\-ß-fm-Wv. XØz- N n- ¥ - b psS ]mc- º - c y- Ø n¬ ""kzm`m- h n- I - \ nbaw''(natural law) F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xpw ChnsS \mw Is≠Øp-∂p.26 ^e-Øn¬, ""Ah-t_m-[hpw DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øt- _m-
28
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
[hpap≈ F√m a\p-jy¿°pw \∑ sNøm-\p≈ Hcp Dƒhnfn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p,''27 Aßs\ Xn∑ Hgn-hm-°m\p≈ Dƒhn-fn-bpw. kzm`m-hn-I-\n-b-a-Ønse as‰√m A\pim-k-\-߃°pw ASn-ÿm-\-am-bp-≈Xv Cu XØz-amsW∂v hnip≤ tXmakv AIzo-\mkv ]d-bp-∂p.28 ssZhh-N\w {ihn-°p-tºmƒ {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-ambn \ap-°p≠m-Ip∂ A\p-`hw ""a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ Fgp-X-s∏-´n´p≈ \nbaw''(tdm-am. 2:15, 7:23)29 A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°-Ww, AXv hne-s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂-Xt{X . At∏mƒ tbip-{InkvXp a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\v \¬Ip-∂Xv Hcp ]pXnb \nb-a-am-Wv, kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ \nb-aw. Cu ]pXnb \nbaw kzm`m-hnI-\n-b-asØ Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw DØ-a-amb coXn-bn¬ AXns\ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs\ ]m]Øns‚ \nb- a - Ø n¬\n∂v \sΩ kzX- { ¥- c m- ° p- ∂ p. CXns‚ ^e-am-bn, hnip≤ ]utemkv ]d-bpw-t]m-se, ""\∑ C—n°m≥ F\n°v km[n°pw; F∂m¬ {]h¿Øn°m≥ km[n-°p-∂n√'' (tdm-am. 7:18). Ir]m-h-c-Øn-eqsS ssZhnI Poh-\n¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip-∂-Xn\pw Xß-fpsS kzm¿∞-Xsb ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw k¿Δ a\p-jyscbpw AXv i‡-am-°p-∂p.30
hN-\-Øns‚ bmYm¿∞y-t_m[w 10. ssZh-h-N\w Adn-bmhp∂-h¿°v kr„n-°-s∏´ Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-s‚bpw s]mcpƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw a\- n-emIpw. ka-kvXh - k - vXp-°fpw ""F√m-‰nepw apºp-≈h - \ - n-emWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv'' (sIm-tfm. 1:17). F-¶n¬, Ahn-SpsØ hN-\-Øn¬ Xß-fpsS PohnXw ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øp-∂-h¿ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ i‡hpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb coXn-bnemWv AXv ]Wn-bp-∂X - v. bmYm¿∞y-t_m[w kw_-‘n® \ΩpsS k¶ev]w am‰m≥ ssZh-h-N\w CS-bm-°p-∂p. ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬ F√m-‰n-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm\w Xncn-®-dnbp-∂-h-\mWv icn°pw bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[-ap-≈-h≥.31
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
29
\ΩpsS PohnXw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂X - n-\mbn \mw ]e-Xnepw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®p. Ah-bn¬ \mw {]Xo£ A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw Ahsb hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ Hcp-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Ah Aev]m-bp- p-I-fm-sW∂v hy‡-amb Hcp Ime-L-´amWv \Ωp-tS-Xv. \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Cu bmYm¿∞yt_m[w {]tXy-In®pw Bh-iy-am-Wv. kºØpw kpJhpw A[n-Im-chpw a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-Øns‚ Bg-Øn-ep≈ B{Kl-߃ \nd-th-‰n-s√∂v C∂-s√-¶n¬ \msf hy‡-am-Ipw. \ΩpsS PohnXw ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øm≥ i‡-amb ASn-Ød Bh-iy-am-Wv. am\p-jn-I-amb \n›n-X-Øz-߃ XI-cptºmgpw \ne-\n¬°p∂ Hc-Sn-Ø-d. ""I¿Øm-th, AßbpsS hN\w kz¿§-Øn¬ Ft∂°pw kpÿm-]n-X-amWv; Ahn-SpsØ hnizm-kyX Xe-ap-dI - t- fmfw \ne-\n¬°p∂p'' (k-¶o. 119:89-˛90); Cu hN-\-am-Ip∂ ASn-Ø-d-bn¬ Xs‚ Pohn-X-ku[w ]Wn-bp-∂-h≥ ]md-ta-emWv AXv ]Wnbp-∂Xv (cf. a-Øm. 7:24) ""Ahn-Sp∂v Fs‚ A`-b-tI-{μhpw ]cn-N-bp-amWv; Rm≥ Aß-bpsS hN-\-Øn¬ {]Xymi A¿∏n-°p∂p'' (k-¶o. 119:114) F∂v Hmtcm Znh-khpw \ΩpsS lrZ-b-Øn\p ssZh-tØmSv ]d-bm≥ Ign-b-s´. ""Kptcm, Aßv ]d-™-X-\p-k-cn®v Rm≥ he-bn-d°mw'' (eq°m 5:5) F∂p ]d™ ]t{Xm-kn-s\-t∏mse \ap°pw \ΩpsS A\p-Zn\hym]m-c-߃, \sΩ-Øs∂, I¿Ømhns‚ ssII-fn¬ Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°mw.
hN\-Øns‚ {InkvXphn-⁄m-\obw 11. F√m hkvXp-°fpw Znhy-h-N-\-Øn-eqsS ]cn-ip≤ {XnXzØns‚ kr„n-bmsW∂v a\- n-em°n B ImgvN∏m-SneqsS t\m°p-tºmƒ; sl{_m-b- teJ-\I - ¿Øm-hns‚ {]kvXm-h\ \ap°v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw: ""]q¿Δ-Im-eß-fn¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿hgn hnhn[ L´-ß-fnepw hnhn[ coXn-I-fnepw ssZhw \ΩpsS ]nXm-°-∑m-tcmSv kwkm-cn®n- ´ p- ≠ v . F∂m¬, Cu Ah- k m- \ - \ m- f p- I - f n¬ Xs‚
30
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
]p{X≥hgn Ahn-Sp∂v \tΩmSv kwkm-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahs\ Ahn-Sp∂v kI-eØ - n-s‚bpw Ah-Im-in-bmbn \nban-°p-Ibpw Ah≥ aptJ\ {]]-©sØ kr„n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp'' (sl-{_m. 1:1˛2). ]g-b-\n-baw apgp-h\pw ssZhw Xs‚ hN\w \sΩ Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Ncn-{X-ambn Fßs\ ImW-s∏-Sp∂p F∂Xv hfsc B-I¿j-Wo-b-ambn-cn-°p-∂p. ""A{_-lmapambpw (cf. D¬]. 15:18) tami-bneqsS C{km-tb¬P\-hp-ambpw (cf. ]pd.24:8) DS-ºSn D≠m°n ssZhw X\n-°mbn Hcp P\-Xsb t\Sn. Ah¿°v hm°p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw {]hr-Øn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Xm≥ Pohn°p∂ kXy-ssZ-h-amsW∂v Ahn-Sp∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. ssZhw a\p-jy-cp-ambn Fßs\ CS-s]-Sp∂p F∂v C{kmtb¬ A\p-`h - Ø - n-eqsS Adn-bWw F∂m-bn-cp∂p ssZhw \n›-bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eqsS ssZhw kwkm-cn°p-∂Xv Ah¿ {i≤n-®p-tIƒ°-Ww. Aßs\ {ItaW ssZh-Øns‚ hgn-Iƒ Ah¿ IqSp-X¬ kºq¿Æ-ambpw hy‡-ambpw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw Ah P\-X-I-fpsS CSbn¬ IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-am-b-tXm-Xn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sm≥ CSbm-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤Xn (cf. k-¶o. 21:28-˛29; 95:1˛3; Gi. 2:1˛4; sPd. 3:17).32 Xs‚ aln-a-sh-Sn-™p-t]mepw ssZhw a\p-jy-tcmSv ImWn-°p∂ Cu Zm£nWyw G‰-hp-a-[nIw {]I-S-am-Ip∂Xv hN-\Ø - ns‚ a\p-jym-hX - m-cØ - n-em-Wv. A\m-Zn-Imew apXte D≈ hN-\w, {]]-©-kr-„n-bnepw c£m-I-c-{]-hrØn-bpsS Ncn-{X-Ønepw {]I-S-am-°n-bn-´p≈ hN-\w, {InkvXp-hn¬ a\p-jy-\mbn ""kv{Xobn¬\n∂v PmX-\mbn'' (K-em. 4:4). {]kw-K-Ønepw Bi-b-ß-fnepw N´-ß-fn-epwIq-Sn-b√ ChnsS hN\w {][m-\-ambpw {]Xy-£-am-Ip-∂Xv. ChnsS tbip F∂ hy‡n-bpsS apºn¬ \mw \n¬°p∂p. Ahn-SpsØ A\-\yhpw khn-ti-j-hp-amb Ncn-{XamWv ssZhw a\p-jy-h¿§-tØmSv kwkm-cn-°p∂ Ahkm-\sØ hm°v. ""ss{IkvX-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv kZm-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
31
Nmcw kw_-‘n® Hcp Xocp-am-\s - Ø-b√ - , Hcp D∂X Bib-sØ-b-√, B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv; Hcp kw`-hhpw Hcp hy‡n-bp-am-bp≈ I≠p-ap-´ens‚ ^e-amWv AXv. PohnX-Øn\v Hcp ]pXnb N{I-hm-fhpw ]pXnb Znim-t_m-[hpw \¬Ip-∂-XmWv Cu I≠p-ap-´¬.''33 Cu I≠p-ap-´¬ \nc¥cw \ho-Ic - n-°p-∂Xpw Cu Ah-t_m[w ]pXp-°p-∂Xpw ssZhw ap≥ssI-sb-SpØv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw I≠v hnizmkn-Iƒ AXy-[nIw A¤p-X-s∏-Sm≥ Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. a\pjy¿°v bp‡n-Nn-¥-sIm≠pw `mh-\-sIm≠pw Hcn-°epw kz]v\w ImWm≥t]mepw BIp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√ ssZh-Øns‚ Cu kua-\-kyw. Iogvhg-°-an-√m-ØXpw am\p-jn-I-ambn ]d-™m¬ k¶-ev]n-°m≥ BIm-ØXpamb Hcp khntij kw`-h-sØ-∏-‰n-bmWv \mw ChnsS ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ""hN\w amwk-ambn \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ hkn®p'' (tbm-l. 1:14a). CXv Be-¶m-cn-I-`m-j-bn-ep≈ cN-\-b√; A\p-`-hn®-dn™ Hcp bmYm¿∞yw Ipdn-°p∂ hm°p-I-fmWv Ch. ZrIv k m- £ n- b mb tbml- ∂ m≥ ]d- b p∂p: ""Ahs‚ alØzw R߃ Z¿in®p, Ir]bpw kXyhpw \nd-™Xpw ]nXm-hns‚ GI PmX-t‚-Xp-amb alØzw'' (tbm-l. 1:14 b). A\m-Zn-ap-X-te-bp≈ hN\w \sΩ-t∏mse Hcp a\p-jy\mbn F∂mWv At∏m- k v X - e nI hnizmkw km- £ ys∏SpØp-∂-Xv. ssZh-h-N\w bYm¿∞-Øn¬ am\p-jn-Iamb hm°p-I-fn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. 12. k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw a≤y-a-bp-K-ß-fp-sSbpw ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ ""hN-\-Øns‚ {InkvXp hn⁄m-\obw'' kw_-‘n®v \sΩ Nn¥n-∏n-°p∂ Hcp {]tbm-K-ap≠v — "hN\w kw{K-ln-°s - ∏-´p.'34 ]g-b\ - n-ba - Ø - ns‚ Cu {Ko°v ]cn-`m-j-bn¬ Gi-øm-{]-hm-N-Is‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ k`m]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ CXn\v kam-\-amb Hcp hmIyw Is≠-Øn. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬Xs∂ ssZh-Øns‚ ]pXnb hgnIƒ ap≥Iq´n Adn-bn-®n-´p-s≠-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hm-bn-´v. ]utemkv At∏m-kvX-e\pw CXv D≤-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. ""ssZhw Xs‚
32
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hN\w sNdp-Xm-°n, {lkz-am°n'' (G-i. 10:23; tdmam. 9:28). ]p{X≥X-s∂-bmWv hN\w; A\m-Zn-Im-ew-ap-Xte D≠mbn-cp∂ hN-\w, temtKmkv, sNdpXmbn; Hcp ]p¬°q-´n¬ InS-°m-\m-Ipw-hn[w sNdp-Xm-bn Ahn-Sp∂v Hcp inip-hmbn. \mw hN-\sØ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´mWv Ahn-Sp∂v C{]-Imcw sNbvX-Xv35 Ct∏mƒ hN\w {ihn-°-s∏-Sm≥ am{X-a√ Ign-bp-I. AXn\v Hcp 'kzcw' am{X-a√ D≈-Xv. Ct∏mƒ hN-\-Øn\p Hcp "apJw' D≠m-bn. \ap°v ImWmhp∂ Hcp apJw; \{kmb-\mb tbip-hns‚ apJw.36 kphn-ti-j-Ønse hnh-c-W-߃ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ tbip-hns‚ a\p-jyXzw A\-\y-amb AXns‚ F√m khnti-j-X-I-tfm-Spw-IqSn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ssZh-h-N-\-hp-ambp≈ _‘-Øn-em-Wv F∂v \ap°v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ignbpw. kºq¿Æ-amb Ahn-SpsØ a\p-jy-Xz-Øn¬\n∂p-sIm≠v Ahn-Sp∂v Ft∏mgpw ]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-a-\ v \nd-th-‰p∂p; tbip ]nXm-hns‚ kzcw tIƒ°p-Ibpw AXv Xs‚ AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xb - n¬ A\p-kc - n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. tbip-hn\v ]nXm-hns\ Adn-bmw. tbip ]nXmhns‚ hm°v A\p-kcn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p (cf. tbm-l. 8:55). ]nXmhv Xt∂mSv ]d-™n-´p≈ Imcy-߃ tbip \sΩ Adn-bn-°p∂p (cf. tbm-l. 12:50); ""Aßv F\n°v \¬Inb hN\w Rm≥ Ah¿°v \¬In'' (tbml. 17:8). Aßs\ \ap°v \¬I- s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p∂ Znhy- h - N - \ w, temtKmkv Xm\m-sW∂v tbip hy‡-am-°p-∂p. AtXk-a-bw-X-s∂, ]pXnb BZw Bb tbip, bYm¿∞ a\pjy≥; Xs‚ C„m-\p-kc - W - a - √ {]h¿Øn-°pI; Ft∏mgpw ]nXm-hns‚ C„-amWv tbip \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xv. ""tbip ⁄m\-Ønepw {]mb-Ønepw ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw a\p-jycp- s Sbpw {]oXn- b nepw hf¿∂p- h ∂p'' (eq- ° m. 2:52). XnI®pw ka-{K-amb coXn-bn¬ tbip ssZh-h-N\w {ihn°p-Ibpw AXns‚ aq¿Øo-`m-h-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw AXv \sΩ Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p (cf. eq°m 5:1)
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
33
tbip-hns‚ ZuXyw BXy-¥n-Ia - mbn \nd-th-‰s - ∏-Sp-∂Xv s]k-lm-c-l-ky-Øn-em-Wv. ChnsS \mw ""Ipcn-ins‚ hN\''-Øn\v ap≥]n-em-Wv \n¬°p-∂Xv (1 tImdn. 1:18). hN\w \n»-_vZ-am-Wv, aqI-am-Wv. amc-I-amb \ni-_vZ-X. Imc-Ww, ]d-bm-\p-≈-sX√mw AXv ]d-™p-I-gn™p \tΩmSv ]dbm-\p≈ bmsXm∂pw ]d-bm-Xn-cp-∂n-√. Cu Znhy-c-l-kysØ-∏‰n [ym\n® k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ ssZh-Øns‚ amXmhn-t‚-Xmbn Hcp hmIyw Is≠Øn, lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bmb Hcp hmIyw. ""]nXm-hns‚ hN-\Ø - n\v hm°p-If - n-√. kwkmcn-°p∂ F√m Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw {k„m-hn\v hm°p-I-fn-√. BcpsS hm°-\p-k-cn-®v, BcpsS \n¿t±iw A\p-k-cn-®v, F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw Nen-°p-∂pthm B {k„m-hns‚ IÆp-Iƒ \n¿÷o-h-am-Wv.''37 Xs‚ kvt\ln-X-∑m¿°pth≠n kz¥w Poh≥ _en-sIm-Sp-°p∂ B kvt\lw (cf. tbml. 15:13) ""henb'' B kvt\lw, Ahn-Sp∂v bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \ap°v ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂p. Cu alm-c-l-ky-Øn¬ \qX-\hpw Fs∂∂pw \ne\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb DS-º-Sn-bpsS hN-\-ambn tbip shfns∏-Sp-Øs - ∏-Sp∂p: ssZh-Øns‚ kzmX-{¥yhpw a\p-jys‚ kzmX-{¥yhpw {Iqin-X-\mb Ahn-SpsØ amwk-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ebn-®p-tN¿∂p. Ahn-`m-Pyhpw A\-¥-Ime-tØ°v km[phpw Bb Hcp DS-º-Sn. tbip Xs∂ Ahkm-\sØ AØm-g-Øn¬ Znhy-Im-cpWyw F∂ IqZmi ÿm]n-®p-sIm≠v Xs‚ c‡-Øn-ep≈ ""]pXn-bXpw k\mX-\-hp-amb'' DS-º-Sn-sb-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p≠v (cf. a-Øm. 26-˛28, a¿t°m. 14:24, eq°m 22-˛20). ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬\n∂pw \sΩ F∂-t∂°pw tamNn-∏n-°p∂ _en-°p≈ bYm¿∞ Ip™mSv Xm≥X-s∂-bm-sW∂v tbip hy‡-am-°p-∂p.38 ]p\-cp-∞m\w F∂ G‰w {]Im-i-am-\-amb Znhy-c-lky-Øn¬ hN-\-Øns‚ Cu \ni-_vZX AXns‚ B[nIm-cn-Ihpw \n¿Æm-b-I-hp-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ {]I-S-am-°p∂p-≠v. {InkvXp a\p-jy-\mbn Ah-X-cn®v Ipcn-in¬ acn®v
34
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Db¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ ssZh-h-N-\-am-Wv. Ahn-Sp∂v F√m-‰nt‚bpw I¿Øm-hm-Wv (Pantocrator) Ahn-Sp∂v tPXm-hm-Wv. AXp- s Im≠v F√m hkv X p- ° fpw F∂- t ∂- ° p- a mbn {InkvXp-hn¬ H∂n-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂p (cf. G-t^. 1:10). {InkvXp ""temI-Øns‚ {]Im-i-am-Ip-∂p. Ccp-´n¬ sXfn-bp∂ shfn®w. Cu {]Im-isØ Ccp-´n\v Iog-S° - m-\m-hn√'' (tbml. 8:12, 1:5). 119-˛mw k¶o¿Ø\Ønse hm°p-I-fpsS A¿∞w ]q¿Æ-ambpw {Kln-°m≥ \ap°v Ign-bp-∂Xv Cu kml-Nc - y-Øn-em-Wv. ""Aß-bpsS hN\w Fs‚ ]mZ-Øn\v hnf-°pw, ]mX-bn¬ {]Im-i-hp-amWv (119:105). Aßs\ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ hN-\-amWv \ap°v hgn sXfn-°p∂ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb hnf-°v. {InkvXp-hn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w Hcp hy‡n F∂ \ne-bn¬ k∂n-ln-X-am-sW∂v BZyw apX¬t° ss{IkvX-h¿ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. a\pjy¿°v, kv{XoIƒ°pw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw th≠ bYm¿∞ shfn-®-amWv ssZh-h-N\w. ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øn¬ temIØns‚ bYm¿∞ shfn-®-ambn ssZh-]p-{X≥ {]Xy-£-s∏Sp-∂p. Ahn-Sp-tØm-sSm∏w Pohn-°p-I-h-gn, Ahn-Sp∂n¬ Pohn-°p-I-h-gn, \ap°v {]Im-i-Øn¬ Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂p. 13. ""hN- \ - Ø ns‚ {Inkv X p- h n- ⁄ m- \ o- b - Ø n¬,'' AXns‚ D≈ns‚ D≈n¬, a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX hN\-Øn¬, AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ssZhnI ]≤-Xn-bpsS sFIcq]yw FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. s]k-lm-c-lkyw hnip≤-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-kr-X-amWv F∂pw A-Xns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-am-sW∂pw ]pXn-b-\n-baw FSp-Øp-Im-´p-∂p. hnip≤ ]utemkv sImdo¥n-b-°m¿°p≈ H∂mwteJ-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv tbip-{InkvXp ""hnip≤enJn-X-ß-fn¬ ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xp-t]m-se,'' \ΩpsS ]m]-߃°p-th≠n acn-°p-Ibpw (15:3) kwkvI-cn-°-s∏Sp-Ibpw aq∂mw\mƒ Dbn¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp'' F∂t{X (15:4).
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
35
Aßs\ At∏m-kvX-e≥ I¿Øm-hns‚ ac-Whpw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏pw Xs‚ P\-hp-ambn ssZhw D≠m°nb ]gb DS-º-Sn-bpsS Ncn-{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ kw`h-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂p. B kw`-h-Øn¬\n-∂mWv Ncn-{X-Øn\v AXns‚ B¥- c n- I - a mb bp‡n- ` - { Z- X bpw bYm¿∞ A¿∞hpw e`n-°p-∂Xv F∂pw At∏m-kvX-e≥ FSp-ØpIm-´p-∂p. s]k-lm-c-l-ky-Øn¬ ""hnip≤enJn-X-ß-fnse hm°p-Iƒ'' ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. thsdmcp coXn-bn¬ ]d™m¬, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v D≠mb Cu acWw ssZh- h - N - \ sØ Dƒs°m- ≈ p∂ Hcp kw`- h - a m- W v . AXns‚ B¥-cnI bp‡n AXmWv, ssZh-h-N\w ]q¿Æambpw ""amwk-ambn'' a\p-jys‚ ""Ncn-{X''-am-bn, F∂-Xn\v. {InkvXp-hns‚ acWw km£yw-h-ln-°p-∂p.39 AXp-t]mse-X-s∂, ""hnip≤ enJn-X-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v'' aq∂mw Znh-kamWv tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m\w \S-∂-Xv. blq-Z-cpsS hnizm-k-a-\p-k-cn®v aq∂mw Znh-k-Øn-\p-ti-j-ta, icocw Po¿Æn®p XpS-ßp-Ib - p-≈q. Aßs\ Agn-™p-t]mIm-sXbmWv enJn-Xß - f - nse hm°v ]q¿Øo-Ic - n-®p-sIm≠v tbip Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-Xv. ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ k¿§-i-‡n-h-gnbmWv {InkvXp ac-W-Øn-s‚-ta¬ hnP-bw-h-cn-®-Xv F∂ At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS {]t_m-[\w hnip≤ ]utemkv hniz-kvXX - t- bmsS ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p (cf. 1 sImdn. 15:3). Cu ssZhnIi‡n {]Xym-ibpw B\-μhpw \¬Ip∂ H∂m-Wv. Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬, s]klm kw_-‘n® shfn]m-Snse tamN-\Ø - ns‚ LSIw CXm-Wv. Dbn¿∏p-Xn-cp-\mƒ Znhkw ssZhw kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Xn∑-bp-sSbpw ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw hn\m-i-I-c-amb i‡n-Isf {XnssXzI ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ i‡n XI¿°p∂p; On∂`n-∂-am-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Cu LSI- ß sf A\p- k v a - c n- ° p- t ºmƒ kr„nbpw ]pXnb kr„nbpw, c£m-I-c Ncn-{Xhpw {InkvXp-hn¬ Bg-ta-dnb
36
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
sFIyw t\Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, \ap°v {]]-©sØ Hcp ""]pkvX-ItØmSv'' D]-an-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Keo-en-tbm-Xs∂ D]-tbmKn® Hcp DZm-l-c-W-amWv CXv. ""kr„nI¿Ωw F∂ "kzce-bØ - n-eq-sS', knw^-Wn-bn-eq-sS, kzbw Bhn-jvIc - n-°p∂ Hcp {KŸ-Im-c≥ cNn® Hcp ]pkvX-I-ambn {]]-©sØ t\m°n-°m-Wp-I. Cu knw^-Wn-bn¬ Hcp {]tXyI L´Øn-se-Øp-tºmƒ kwKo-X-Øns‚ `mj-bn¬ "tkmtfm' F∂p ]d-bp∂ Hcp Zim-k‘n ImW-s∏-Spw. Hcp kwKotXm-]-I-cWw AYhm Hcp Kmb-I≥ X\ntb ssIImcyw sNtø≠ Hcp `mKw. IrXn apgp-h-s‚bpw A¿∞w Cu "tkmtfm'sb B{i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A{X {]m[m-\yap-≈-XmWv Cu `mKw. tbip-hmWv Cu "tkmtfm....' a\pjy-]p-{X≥ kz¿§-sØbpw `qan-sbbpw X∂n¬ Dƒs°m≈p∂p; kr„-{]-]-©-sØbpw {k„m-hn-s\-bpw, amwksØbpw Acq-]n-sb-bpw, X∂n¬Øs∂ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. {]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw Ncn-{X-Øn-s‚bpw tI{μ-_nμp AhnSp-∂m-Wv. Imc-Ww, cN-bn-Xmhpw cN-\bpw bmsXmcp kw{`m-¥n-bp-an-√msX tbip-hn¬ kwtbm-Pn-°p-∂p.''40
ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ bpKm-t¥ym-∑p-J-amb am\w 14. tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-t\m-sSm∏w ssZh-Øns‚ \n¿Æmb-I-amb hN-\-Øns‚ apºn-emWv Xm≥ \n¬°p-∂Xv F∂ Ah-t_m[w Xncp-k` CXn-se√mw {]I-S-am-°p-∂p≠v. Ahn-Sp-∂mWv ""BZnbpw A¥yhpw'' (sh-fn. 1:17). {]]©-Øn\pw Ncn-{X-Øn\pw BXy-¥n-Ia - mb A¿∞w \¬Ip∂Xv Ahn-Sp-∂m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ bpKm¥y-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Xmf-Øn-s\m∏w Ime-Ønepw ssZh-Øns‚ kr„-{]-]-©-Ønepw Pohn-°p-hm≥ \mw hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ""Aßs\ ss{IkvXh kwhn-[m\w Hcn-°epw C√m-Xm-In-√. Imc-Ww, \ho-\hpw \n¿Æm-b-Ihp-amb DS-º-Sn-bmWv AXv. \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb tbip-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
37
{InkvXp al-Øz-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Spw-hsc ]pXp-Xmbn Hcp s]mXp shfn-]mSpw D≠m-In√'' (cf. Xn-tam. 6:14; XoØqkv 2:13).41 kn\Un¬ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ]d-™-Xp-t]mse, ""-{InkvXpkw`-h-Øn-emWv ss{IkvXh aX-Øns‚ A\-\yX {]I-Sa - m-Ip-∂X - v. shfn-]m-Sp-If - psS D®-tIm-Snbpw ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZm-\-ß-fpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-Whpw BWv tbip-{In-kvXp. a\p-jy\pw ssZh-Øn\pw CSbv°v \n¬°p∂ a≤y-ÿ-\mWv {InkvXp. "ssZhsØ temI-Øn\p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-ØXv' tbip-hmWv (tbm-l. 1:18); a\pjy-h¿§-Øn\p \¬I-s∏´ \n¿Æm-b-I-am-b, BXy-¥n-Iam-b, hN-\-amWv Ahn-Sp-∂v.42 Ipcn-ins‚ hnip≤ tbml∂m≥ Cu kXyw AXn-a-t\m-l-c-ambn C{]-Imcw BhnjvI-cn-°p-∂p: ""ssZhw \ap°v Xs‚ ]p{Xs\ \¬In. ssZh-Øns‚ GI hN-\a - mWv ]p{X≥ (ssZ-hØ - n\p thsd hN-\-an-√). Aßs\ ssZh-Øn\v ]d-bm-\p-≈-sX√mw Cu H‰-h-N-\-Øn¬ HXp-°n. IqSp-X-embn ssZh-Øn\v H∂pw ]d-bm-\n-√. Imc-Ww, ap≥]v {]hm-NI - ∑ - m¿hgn `mKn-Ia - mbn Nne Imcy-߃ ]d-™p. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ k¿Δhpw H∂n®p-]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Xs‚ ]p{Xs\ \ap°v \¬Ip-I-hgn ssZhw sNbv X Xv AXm- W v . Bsc- ¶ nepw ssZhsØ tNmZyw sNbvXm¬, X\n°v Z¿i-\hpw shfn-]mSpw e`n°-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-®m¬, Abm-fpsS s]cp-am‰w aT-b-Øc-am-bn-cn-°m-sa∂p am{X-a√ AXv ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬ Ip‰-I-c-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw ImcWw {InkvXp-hn¬am{Xw apgph≥ {i≤bpw tI{μo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw thsd Fs¥¶nepw ]pXpa ImW-W-sa∂ B{K-l-tØmsS Pohn-°p-IbmWv Ah¿ sNøp-∂Xv.43'' C°m-c-W-Øm¬ ""kzImcy shfn-]m-Sp-I-fn¬\n∂v ssZh-h-N-\sØ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bnt°- ≠ - X ns‚ Bh- i y- I X'' 44 kn\Uv Nq≠n- ° m- ´ n. ""{InkvXp-hns‚ \n¿Æm-bI shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ens\ ]q¿ØoI-cn-°p-I-b√ kzImcy shfn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS e£yw; Ncn-{X-
38
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Øns‚ Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ shfn]m-S-\p-k-cn®v IqSp-X¬ kPo-h-ambn Pohn-°m≥ klmbn-°p-I-bmWv AXv sNøp-∂-Xv.''45 F√m-h¿°p-am-bp≈ s]mXpshfn-]mSv Ht∂-bp-≈q. AXn-t‚-Xn¬\n∂v ASnÿm-\] - c - a - mbn hyXy-kvXa - mWv kzImcy shfn]m-Sp-If - psS aqeyw. s]mXp-sh-fn-]mSv hnizmkw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v; s]mXp-sh-fn-]m-Sn-eqsS am\p-jnI `mj-bn¬ \tΩmSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂X - v ssZhw-Xs - ∂-bmWv. k`-bm-Ip∂ kPoh kaq-l-Øn-emWv CXv \S-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp kzImcy shfn]mSv kXy-am-tWm-sb∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ am\-ZWvUw AXv {InkvXp-hn-te-°mtWm hnc¬Nq-≠p-∂-Xv, \bn-°p∂-Xv, F∂-Xm-Wv. AXv \sΩ {InkvXp-hn¬\n∂v AI-‰pI-bm-Wv, thsdmcp Zni-bn-te°v \bn-°p-I-bm-Wv sNøp∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bn¬\n-∂p-h-cp∂X√. ]cnip-≤m-cq]n \sΩ kphn-ti-j-Øn-te°v IqSp-X¬ BgØn¬ \bn-°p-Itb D≈q. Hcn-°epw kphn-ti-j-Øn-t‚Xn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb Zni-bn-te°v \bn-°p-I-bn-√. kzImcy shfn-]mSv {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-kØ - n\v klmb-Ia - m-IW - w. GIhpw s]mXp-hm-bX - p-amb shfn-]m-Sn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p, AXp-ambn A\p-cq-]-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p, F∂XmWv kzImcy shfn-]m-Sn\v hnizm-kyX \¬Ip-∂X - v. k`mX-e-Øn¬ Hcp kzImcy shfn-]m-Sn\v AwKo-Imcw \¬IpI-sb∂p ]d-™m¬ hnizm-k-Øn\pw k∑m¿§ \nb-a߃°pw hncp-≤-ambn H∂pw B shfn-]m-Sns‚ ktμ-iØn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´n-s√∂v AwKo-Ic - n-°p∂p F∂m-W¿∞w; AXv ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-ØpI A\p-hZ- \ - o-ba - mWv; hnth-I] - q¿Δw AXv ]n≥Xp-S-cm≥ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v A\p-hm-Z-ap-≠v. Hcp kzImcy shfn-]m-Sn\v Nne Imcy-߃°v IqSp-X¬ Du∂¬ sImSp-°m≥ Ignbpw; ]pXnb `‡m`ymk-߃ Bcw`n°mw; ]gb `‡m`ymk-߃°v IqSp-X¬ Bg-ap-≠m°mw. Hcp-Xcw {]hm-NIZuXyhpw AXn-\p-≠mbn F∂phcmw (1 sX . 5:19-˛21). Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L-´-Øn¬
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
39
kphn-tijw IqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏´ coXn-bn¬ {Kln-°p-∂Xn\pw AX-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-Xn\pw kzImcy shfn]m-Sp-Iƒ klm-b-I-am-tb°mw. AXp-sIm≠v kzImcy shfn- ] m- S ns\ \n m- c - a mbn X≈n- ° - f - b - c p- X v . AXv hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ Hcp klm-b-am-Wv. F∂m¬ AXv {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ B¿°pw _m≤y-X-bn-√. GXmbmepw AXv hnizm-k-sØbpw {]Xym-i-sbbpw kvt\lsØbpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ch aq∂pamWt√m F√m-h¿°pw \nXy-c-£-bv°p≈ am¿§w.46
ssZh-h-N-\hpw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]nbpw 15. ssZhØns‚ temI-tØmSp≈ A¥n-ahpw \n¿Æmb-I-hp-amb hN-\sØ∏‰n hnNn-¥\w \S-Øn-b-tijw ssZh-h-N-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS ZuXysØ-∏‰n Ct∏mƒ ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]mct¢Øm-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬\n∂v th¿s]´v ss{IkvXh shfn-]m-Sns\-∏‰n B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hc-dnhpw D≠m-IpI km≤y-a-√. ImcWw; ssZh-Øns‚ kzbw shfn-s∏-Spج Ft∏mgpw ]p{X\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]nbpambp≈ _‘-hp-ambn CS-Ie¿∂-Xm-Wv. entbm¨knse Cd-tWhqkv ]p{X-s\bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-sbbpw hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ""]nXm-hns‚ Ccp-I-c-߃'' F∂m-Wv.47 c£m-I-c-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ {]tXyIn®pw tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS km∂n-≤y-sØ∏‰n hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p. ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS i‡n-bm-emWv I\y-Im-a-dnbw tbiphns\ K¿`w [cn-®Xv (cf. a-Øm. 1:18; eq°m 1:35); Xs‚ ]c-ky-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬, tPm¿±m≥ \Zo-X-SØn¬, {]mhns‚ cq]-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n Xs‚ ta¬ Cd-ßn-h-∂Xv tbip I≠p (cf. a-Øm. 3:16); tbip kwkmcn-°p-∂Xpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw kt¥m-jn-°p-∂Xpw CtX Acq-]n-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv (cf. eq°m 10:21); CtX Acq-]n-bn¬ Ahn-Sp∂v kzbw _en-bmbn A¿∏n-°pIbpw
40
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
sNøp∂p (sl-{_m. 9:14). hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ ]d-bp-∂X-\p-kc - n-®v, Xs‚ ZuXyw Ah-km-\n-°m-dm-bt- ∏mƒ tbipXs∂ Xs‚ Poh-Xym-Khpw Acq-]nsb Ab-bv°p-∂Xpw ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂p. X\n°p≈h-cpsSta¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]nsb Ab-°pw F∂v AhnSp∂p ]d-™p (cf. tbm-l. 16:7). ]p\-cp-∞m\w sNbvX tbip Xs‚ ico-c-Øn¬ ]oUm-\p-`-h-Øns‚ Nn”߃ hln-®p-sIm≠v Fßpw Acq-]nsb kar-≤-ambn h¿jn°p-∂p (cf. tbml.20.22). Aßs\ Xs‚ injy-∑msc Xs‚ZuXy- Ø n¬ ]¶m- f n- I - f m- ° p∂p ( cf. tbm- l . 20:21). injy∑msc-sb√mw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw {InkvXp ]d-™sX√mw Ahsc Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bmWv (cf. tbm-l. 14:26). kXy-Øns‚ Acq-]n-bmWv ]cn-ip-≤mflm-hv. injy-∑msc F√m kXy-ß-fn-te°pw \bn-°p-∂Xv Cu Acq-]n-bmWv (tbm-l. 16:13). Ah-km-\w, s]¥-t°mkvXm-Zn-hkw adn-b-tØm-sSm∏w {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cp-sS-ta¬ Acq]n Cd-ßn-h∂p F∂v \mw At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ hmbn-°p∂p (cf. 2:1˛4). F√m P\-X-I-tfmSpw kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-Isb∂ ZuXyw Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿°v t{]cI-am-Ip-∂Xpw Cu Acq-]n-bm-Wv.48 ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\w-hgn ssZh-h-N\w a\pjy-cpsS `mj-bn¬, hm°p-I-fn¬, Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]p{X-s‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bp-sSbpw ZuXy-߃ Ahn-`mPy-amWv; c≠pw-IqSn c£m-I-c-{]-hr-Ønsb GI kwhn[m-\a - mbn am‰p-∂p. I\y-Im-ad - n-bØ - ns‚ DZ-cØ - n¬ hN\w amwk-am-Im≥ {]h¿Øn® AtX Acq-]n-Xs - ∂-bmWv Xs‚ ZuXy-Øn¬ DS-\ofw tbip-hns\ \bn-°p-∂-Xv. Xs‚ injy-∑m¿°v hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂Xpw Cu Acq-]n-sb-Øs∂- b m- W v . {]hm- N - I - ∑ m- c n- e qsS kwkm- c n® AtX Acq]nXs∂-bmWv ssZh-h-N-\w {]tLm-jn-°p-I-sb∂ Ah-fpsS ZuXyw \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Xncp-k` - bv°v {]tNm-Z\w
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
41
\¬Ip-∂-Xpw. At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS kphn-ti-j-{]-N-c-WØn¬ Ah¿°pw {]tNm-Z-\-am-Ip-∂Xpw hnip≤ enJn-XßfpsS cN-\-bn¬ {KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿°v {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn-cp∂Xpw Cu Acq-]n-X-s∂-bm-Wv. 16. Acq-]n-bpsS Cu hnime N{I-hm-fs - Ø-∏‰n t_m[hm-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂ kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Xncp-k-`-bn¬ ]cnip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\Ø - n-\p≈ {]m[m\yw FSp-Øp]-d-bp-∂p. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ kw_-‘n®v hnizm-kn-IfpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n \S-Øp∂ {]h¿Ø\-Øn\pw Ah¿ Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.49 ""kXy-Øns‚ Acq]n'' (tbml. 4:16), ^e-{]-Zamw-hn[w {]h¿Øn-s®¶nte I¿Øm-hns‚ hm°p-Iƒ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ibp-≈q. hnip≤ Cc-tWhqkv ]d-bp∂p: ""Acq-]n-bn¬ ]¶mfn-I-fm-Im-Ø-h¿ k`m-am-Xm-hns‚ aSn-Ø-´n¬\n∂v H∂pw kzoI-cn-°p-∂n√; Pohs‚ Blm-c-amWv Ahn-sS-\n∂v e`n°p-I. {InkvXp-hns‚ icocamIp∂ ip≤-amb Acp-hnbn¬\n∂v Hgp-In-sb-Øp∂ bmsXm∂pw Ah¿°v e`n-°p∂n-√.50'' {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-cØ - n¬\n∂v ssZh-hN - \w hcp∂-Xp-t]mse, Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-sa∂ ico-cØ - n¬\n∂pw hnip≤-en-Jn-X-sa∂ ico-c-Øn¬\n-∂pw, ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\w-h-gn, ssZh-h-N\w \ap°v e`n-°p-∂p. CXv bYm¿∞- Ø n¬ kzmb- Ø - a m- ° m\pw {Kln- ° p- h m\pw AtX Acq-]n-bn¬am-{Xta km≤y-am-Iq. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fp-ambn D≠m-bn-cnt°≠ _‘-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºm-sg√mw, ss{IkvX-h-]mc-º-cy-Ønse {]i-kvX-cmb F√m {KŸ-Im-c-∑m-cpw ]cnip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]m[m-\y-sØ-∏-‰n GI kzc-Øn-emWv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ""hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øn\v Acq-]n-bpsS shfn-s∏-Sp-ج Bh-iy-am-Wv. AXn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fpsS bYm¿∞ s]mcpƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw Aß-s\ [mcm-f-ambn ^e-saSp°p∂-Xn\pw CXm-h-iyamWv'' F∂v hnip≤ tPm¨ {IntkmkvtXmw ]d-bp-∂p.51
42
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
""hnip≤ enJn-X-߃°v {]tNm-Z\w \¬In-bXv ]cn-ip≤m-cq-]n-bm-Wv. B ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS klm-b-an-√msX hnip≤ enJn-X-߃ {Kln-°p-hm≥ \ap°v Ign-bp-I-bn√'' F∂ Dd® hnizm-k-amWv hnip≤ sPtdm-an\v D≠mbn-cp-∂-Xv.54 ss__n-fns‚ cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw hymJym-\Ønepw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n hln-°p∂ ]¶v alm-\mb hnip≤ {KnKcn `wKn-bmbn FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-∂p-≠v. ""]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]nbmWv hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Ønse hm°p-Iƒ kr„n-®-Xv. AhbpsS A¿∞w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw B Acq-]n-X-s∂-bmWv . ''53 hnip- ≤ - e n- J nXw a\- n- e m- ° p- ∂ - X n\v \ap°p th≠Xv ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n {]Imiw \¬Ip-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°pIbpw sNbvX ""{]mhp-I-fpsS IÆp-I-fmWv'' F∂v sk‚ v hnIvS-dnse dn®m¿Uv Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p.54 Bcm- [ - \ m- \ p- j v T m- \ - ß - f psS {KŸ- ß - f n¬ \mw ImWp∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]nbpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßfpw XΩnep≈ _‘-Øns‚ AXn{]-[m\-amb km£yw ChnsS FSp-Øp-]-d-bm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. Bcm-[-\m-{I-aØnemWt√m hnizm-kn-Iƒ°mbn ssZh-h-N\w {]tLmjn-°s∏SpIbpw AXv {ihn-°s∏Sp-Ibpw hni-Zo-I-cn°s∏Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv. hmb-\-Iƒ°v ap≥]v ]cn-ip≤m-cq-]n-tbm-Sp≈ {]mNo-\-amb {]m¿∞-\-I-fn¬ Hcp Blzm-\-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬ CXv \mw ImWp-∂p. ""AßbpsS Acq-]n-bmb ]md-t¢-Ømsb Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-ßfn-te°v Ab-bv°-W-ta. B Acq]n {]tNm-Z\w \¬Inb hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ R߃ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-°W-ta. Cu enJn-X-ßsf A¿l-amw-hn[w hymJym-\n-°phm≥ F\n°v Ignhv \¬I-W-ta. Aßs\ ChnsS IqSnbn-cn-°p∂ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v B hymJym-\-Øn¬\n∂pw {]tbm-P\w D≠m-I-s´.'' hN\ {]tLm-j-W-Øns‚ Ahkm\w sNm√p∂ {]m¿∞-\-Ifn¬ hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ Xs‚ Zm\-amb Acq-]nsb Ab-bv°-Wta! F∂v ssZhtØmSv {]m¿∞n-°p∂p: ""c£-I\ - mb ssZh-ta, Aß-bpsS
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
43
P\-Øn-\p-th≠n R߃ At]-£n-°p-∂p. Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]nsb Ab-bv°-W-ta. I¿Øm-hmb tbip Ahsc kμ¿in-°p-Ibpw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw a\- n-t\mSv kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßsf hnizmkØn\v k÷-am-°p-Ibpw Rß-fpsS Bflm-°sf Aß-bn-te°v \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´-sb∂v Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb ssZhta Aß-tbmSv R߃ At]-£n-°p-∂p.'' Xncp-k`-bnepw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fnepw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n \S-Øp∂ {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°mbn \ΩpsS lrZ-bß - ƒ Xpd°p-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬ hN-\-Øns‚ A¿∞w a\- n-em-°m≥ \ap°v Ign-bp-I-bn-s√∂v CXv hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
]mc-º-cyhpw hnip≤ enJn-X-ßfpw 17. ssZhh-N\ - hpw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]nbpw XΩn-ep≈ KmVamb _‘w ho≠pw {]Jym-]n-°p-I-hgn k`-bn¬ kPo-hamb ]mc- º - c y- Ø n\pw hnip- ≤ - e n- J n- X - ß ƒ°p- a p≈ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb aqeyhpw A¿∞hpw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\m-h-iy-amb ASn-Ød \mw C´p-I-gn-™p. ""Xs‚ GI-PmXs\ \¬Iphm≥X°-hn[w ssZhw temIsØ A{Xam{Xw kvt\ln-®p'' (tbm-l. 3:16). AXp-sIm≠v Ime-Øn¬ D®-cn-°-s∏´ ssZh-h-N-\sØ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb coXn-bn¬ k`-bv°v Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°-bm-Wv. F°m-eØpw F√m-bn-S-ß-fnepw c£ kw_-‘n® {]tLm-jWw ^e{]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv Znhy-hN\w k`sb Gev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-h-N\w (Dei Verbum) F∂ {]amW-tcJ \sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xpt]m-se, {InkvXp Xs∂ kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-hm≥ At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-tcmSv Iev]n-®p. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ aptº hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cp-∂Xpw {InkvXp-hm-Ip∂ hy‡n-bn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´Xpw {InkvXp-hns‚ A[-c-߃ Xs∂ {]Jym-]n-®-Xp-amWv Cu kphn-ti-jw. F√m-h¿°pw c£ \¬Ip∂ kXy-Øn-s‚bpw kZm-Nmc \nb-a-Øn-s‚bpw
44
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
t{kmX- m-bn-´v Cu kphn-tijw F√m-h-tcmSpw {]tLmjn-°s - ∏-tS≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. kphn-tijw ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\ßsf a\p-jy¿°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂p. Cu ZuXyw hniz-kvX-X-tbmsS \n¿Δ-ln-°-s∏-´p. At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ P\-ß-tfmSv Cu kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn®p; Aßs\ AXv ssIam-dn. Xß-fpsS amXr-I-bmepw A\p-im-k-\ßfmepw Ah¿ kphn-tijw P\-߃°v ]I¿∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ ]T-\-Øn¬\n∂pw Ahn-SpsØ Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂pw {]hrØn-I-fn¬\n∂pw At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿°v e`n-®-XmWv Cu kphn-ti-jw. Nne-t∏mƒ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]tNmZ-\Øm¬ Ah¿ {Kln-®-XmImw Cu ktμ-iw. At∏m-kvXe-∑mcpw Ah-cp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-hcpw kphn-tijw {]kwKn-®p, {]N-cn-∏n-®p. AtX ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]tNm-Z-\Øm¬ Ah¿ c£-bpsS Cu ktμiw Fgp-Xn-h-bv°pIbpw sNbvXp.56 At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cn¬\n∂v XpS-ßp∂ ]mc-ºcyw kPohhpw {Inbm-fl-I-hp-amb Hcp bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨knepw ]d-™n-´p-≠v. ""CXv k`-bn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS klm-b-tØmsS ]ptcm-K-an-°p∂p;'' ]ptcm-K-an-°p-I-sb∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ AXns‚ kXy-Øn¬ am‰w hcp∂p F∂√ Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. B kXyw imiz-Xam-Wv. ""bmYm¿∞y-ßf - p-sSbpw Xe-ap-dI - ƒ°v ssIam-dp∂ hm°p-I-fp-sSbpw Dƒ°m-gvN, B¥-cnI A¿∞w, kw_‘n® Adn-hv, hnI-kn-°p∂p'' F∂mWv Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. IqSp-X¬ Bg-ap≈ Bflob A\p-`-h-Øn¬\n∂v e`n°p∂ {Kl-W-i-‡n-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v [ym\n®pw ]Tn-®p-amWv Cu hnI-k\w D≠m-Ip-I. ""sa{Xm≥]-Z-hn-bn¬ FØpIbpw kXy-Øns‚ {]`mhw \n›-b-ambpw e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≈hcpsS {]kwKw {ihn®pw'' Cu Dƒ°mgvN hnI-kn-°p-∂p-≠v.57 hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ kXyw Ime-Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn A\p-k-cn®v a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-
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45
≠v. CXn-\p≈ Ignhv k`bv°v e`n-°p-hm≥ kPo-h-amb ]mc-ºcyw IqSn-tb-Xo-cq. ""CtX ]mc-º-cyw-h-gn-bmWv hnip≤-{K-ŸØ - n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ≠ {KŸ-ßf - psS apgp-h≥ ]´nIbpw k`bv°v e`n-°p-∂-Xv. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃Xs∂ IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah k`-bn¬ \nc-¥cw ^e-{]-Za - m-bn-Øo-cp-∂X - n\pw CS-bm-°p-∂Xv ]mcº-cy-am-Wv.''58 Ah-km-\-am-bn, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ ssZhh-N\ - a - m-sW∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ \sΩ {]m]vXc - m-°p-∂Xpw k`-bpsS ]mc-º-cy-amWv. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-ƒ°paptº \ne-hn-ep-≈Xpw hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - t- f-°mƒ hn]p-eh - p-amWv ssZh-h-N-\w. F¶nepw ssZh-Øns‚ {]tNm-Z-\-Øm¬ D≠mb hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ Znhy-h-N-\sØ Dƒs°m-≈p∂p≠v; (2 Xntam. 3:16) ""XnI®pw khn-ti-ja - m-bc - o-Xn-bn¬'' AXv ssZh-h-N-\sØ Dƒs°m-≈p∂p.59 18. k`-bpsS kPoh ]mc-º-cy-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn hnip- ≤ - e n- J n- X - ß sf kao- ] n- ° p- h m≥ ssZh- P - \ sØ icn°pw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw ioen-∏n-°p-∂Xpw F{X-am{Xw {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ kwK-Xn-bm-sW∂v \mw hy‡-ambn ImWp-∂p. hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - f - n-ep-≈Xv ssZh-hN - \w Xs∂bm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Cu ]T-\hpw ]cn-io-e\hpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Bflob Pohn-X-Øns‚ ImgvN∏mSn¬\n∂v t\m°p-tºmƒ hnizm-kn-If - n¬ CØcw Hcp kao]\w hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I F∂Xv hfsc {][m-\s - ∏´ ImcyamWv. ""amwk-amb hN-\hpw'' ""]pkvXI - a - mbn''Øo¿∂ hN\hpw XΩn-ep≈ km[¿Ωyw k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ FSp-ØpIm-´n-bn-´p-≈Xv Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂Xv ChnsS klm-b-I-am-tb°mw.60 ssZh-h-N\w F∂ {]t_m-[-\-tcJ Cu {]mNo\ ]mc-ºcyw N¿® sNøp-∂p. ""\ap°v e`n-®n-´p≈ hnip-≤{KŸw ]p{Xs‚ ico-c-amWv'' F∂v hnip≤ Awt{_mkv ]d-bp-∂p.61 ""a\p-jys‚ `mj-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ, F√m hn[-Ønepw a\p-jys‚ kwkmcw t]mse-X-s∂-bm-Wv. A\¥ ssZh-amb ]nXm-
46
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hns‚ hN\w a\p-jy-sc-t∏mse Zp¿_-ea - mb amwkw [cn®t∏mƒ B hN\w a\p-jy-sc-t∏mse Bb-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv ssZh-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ a\p-jys‚ `mj-bn-em-Ip-tºmgpw kw`-hn-°p-I.''62 Cu coXn-bn¬ a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ, D≈S-°-Ønepw cq]-Ønepw Gsd sshhn-≤y-ap≈ hnip-≤-enJn-X-߃ Htc Hcp bmYm¿∞y-ambn \ap°v ImW-s∏-Sp∂p. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßfnse A\-h[n hm°p-I-fn-eqsS ssZhw Hcp-hm-°v, Hcp hN-\w, am{Xta \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂p≈q. Xs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambpw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂Xpw Xm≥ D®cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb hN\w (cf. sl{_m. 1:1˛3).63 C°mcyw hnip≤ AKp- k v X o- t \mkv t\ctØ ]d- ™ n- ´ p- ≠ v : ""hnip≤ enJn-X-ß-fn¬ BZy¥w ImWp-∂Xv ssZhØns‚ Htc Hcp {]`m-j-W-am-sW∂v Hm¿Ωn-°p-I. hnip≤-{K-Ÿ-߃ cNn® F√m-h-cp-sSbpw A[-cß-fn¬\n∂v apg-ßp-∂Xv Htc Hcp hN\w am{X-am-Wv.''64 Npcp-°n-∏d - ™ m¬, ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\Ø - neq-sSbpw {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Im-c-Øns‚ am¿§-Z¿i-\w-h-gnbpw {InkvXp-hn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ k¿Δ Imcy-ßfpw F√mX-e-ap-d-Iƒ°pw Xncp-k` ssIam-dn-bn-´p-≠v. ]g-b-Im-eØv kwkm-cn® I¿Ømhv k`-bpsS kPoh ]mc-º-cy-Øn-eqsSbpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw C∂pw Xs∂ shfns∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂ DØa t_m≤y-Øn-emWv Xncp-k` Pohn-°p-∂X - v. shfn-]m-Sns‚ {]tNm-ZnX km£y-am-bn-´mWv hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ ssZh-h-N\w \ap°v \¬I-s∏-´ncn-°p-∂-Xv. k`-bpsS kPoh ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s\m∏w hnip≤ enJn-X-ß-fmWv hnizm-k-Øns‚ i‡hpw kap-∂-X-hpamb GI \nb-am-h-en.65
hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃, {]tNm-Z-\hpw kXyhpw 19. hnip≤ enJn-X-ß-ƒ ssZh-h-N\w a\p-jys‚ `mjbn¬ ]d-™p-h-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ahiyw-th≠ Hcp Bibw Xo¿®-bmbpw "\nthi\w' BWv.
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Chn-sSbpw Hcp-]a klm-b-I-am-Ipw. ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS i‡n-bm¬ ssZh-h-N\w I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øns‚ DZ-c-Øn¬ amwk-am-bXp-t]mse AtX Acq-]n-bpsS i‡n-bm¬ k`bpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ D≠m-b-XmWv hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃. ""]cnip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]tNm-Z-\-Øm¬ Fgp-Xn-h-®n-´p≈ ssZhh-N-\-amWv hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃.''66 {]tNm-Z\w kzoI-cn®v {KŸw cNn® cN-bn-Xmhns‚ apgp-h≥ {]m[m-\yhpw \mw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. AtX-k-a-bw-Xs∂ Ah-bpsS bYm¿∞ cN-bn-Xmhv ssZhw-Xs∂ BsW∂pw \mw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßsf kao-]n-°p∂-Xn\pw Ahsb hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw {]tNm-Z\w F∂ Bib-Øn\v XnI®pw \n¿Æm-b-I-amb Hcp ]¶ps≠∂v kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ÿnco-Icn°p-∂p-≠v.67 GXv Acq-]n-bmemtWm hnip-≤-{KŸw cNn-°-s∏-´Xv AtX Acq-]n-bmem-IWw AXns\ hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xpw.68 hnip≤-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ {]tNm-Z\w kw_-‘n®v \ap-°p≈ Aht_m[w Zp¿_eamIp-tºm-sg√mw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Pn⁄mksb Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥am{Xw hnip-≤-{KŸw hmbn-°pI-sb∂ A]-I-S-ap-≠m-Imw. ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS kr„nbmWv hnip-≤-{K-Ÿw, AXn-eqsS \mw tIƒ°p-∂Xv I¿Ømhv ]d-bp-∂X - p-Xs - ∂-bm-sW∂v \mw hnkvac - n-®p-t]mIpw. Ncn-{X-Ønse I¿Øm-hns‚ km∂n≤yw hnip-≤-{KŸ-Øn¬ \mw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fnse \nth-i\w F∂ {]ta-bhpw hnip≤{KŸ-߃ kXy-am-sW∂ hkvXp-Xbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.69 {]tNm-Z\w F∂ {]{In-b-sb-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ ]T\w \S-Øn-bm¬ hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈ Imcy-߃ kXy-am-sW∂ Adnhv Xo¿®-bmbpw h¿≤n°pw. CXv kw_‘n® Iu¨knens‚ {]t_m-[-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, {]tNm-Z-\-Øns‚ ^e-ambn Fgp-Xnb {KŸ-߃ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv kXy-am-Wv. ""\nthi\w e`n®
48
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
{KŸ-I¿Øm°fpw hnip≤{KŸ-Øns‚ cN-bn-Xm-°fpw ]d-bp-∂-sX√mw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n ]d-bp-∂-Xmbn Icp-X-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v \ΩpsS \nXy-c-£-bv°mbn hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ ssZhw Xncp-a\ - - mb kXyw i‡ambpw hniz-kvX-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw sX‰p-Iq-Sm-sXbpw hnip≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fnse {KŸ-߃ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p F∂v \mw AwKo-I-cn-°-Ww. Aßs\ ""hnip≤ enJn-X-sa√mw ssZh\n-th-in-X-am-Wv, Ah {]t_m-[-\-Øn\pw imk-\-Øn\pw sX‰pXn-cp-Ø-en\pw \oXn-bn-ep≈ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\pw D]I-cn-°p-∂p. CXp-hgn ssZh-`-‡-\mb a\p-jy≥ ]q¿ÆX ssIh-cn-°p-Ibpw F√m \√ {]hr-Øn-Ifpw sNøp-∂-Xn\v {]m]vX-\m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂p''(2 Xntam. 3:16˛17 {Ko°v).-70 hnip- ≤ - e n- J n- X - ß sf k`- b psS Imgv N - ∏ m- S n- e qsS hymJym-\n-°p-∂X - n\v \nthi-\w, kXyw F∂o c≠v Bib-߃ ]c-a-{]-[m-\-am-sW∂v ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hnNn¥\w Ft∏mgpw Xncn-®-dn-™n-´p-≠v. F∂mepw Cu ImeL-´Ø - n¬ Cu bmYm¿∞y-ßsf Iptd-°qSn ]q¿Æ-ambpw Ime-L´- Ø - n\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bnepw ]Tn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-sW∂v \mw AwKo-I-cn-°-Ww. hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xßsf Ah-bpsS kz`mhw A\p-k-cn®v hymJym-\n-°p-Isb∂ Bh-iy-tØmSv IqSp-X¬ ka-{K-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂-Xn\v CXm-h-iy-am-Wv. Cu taJ-e-bnse Kth-jWw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-sa∂pw AXv hnip-≤-{KŸ hn⁄m-\o-bØn\pw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Bflo-b-Po-hn-X-Øn\pw ^e-{]Z-amIpw F∂p-ap≈ Fs‚ Xo{h-amb {]Xymi ChnsS {]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm-≈-s´.
]nXm-hmb ssZhw, hN-\-Øns‚ t{kmX pw Bcw-`hpw 20. shfn-]m-Sns‚ kq£va kwhn-[m\w XpS-ßp-∂Xv ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂m-Wv. Ahn-SpsØ hN-\Ø - m¬ ""BImiw \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´p; Ahn-SpsØ Iev]-\-bm¬
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
49
BIm-i-tKm-f-ßfpw'' (k-¶o. 33:6) Ahn-Sp∂p Xs∂-bmWv, ""{InkvXp-hns‚ apJØv shfn-hm-°-s∏´ ssZh-tX-P n-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ Adn-hns‚ {]Imiw'' \ap°v \¬In-bXv (2 tImdn. 4:6; cf. aØm. 16:17; eq°m 9,29). ]p{X-\n¬, Xs∂ Ab-®-hs‚ C„w \nd-th-‰p-hm≥ (cf. tbml. 4:34) ""amwk-amb hN-\-Øn¬'' (cf.tbml. 1:14). F√m shfn-]m-Sn-t‚bpw t{kmX- mb ssZhw Xs∂Øs∂ ]nXm-hmbn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Aßs\, CXp-hsc {]hmN-I-∑m-cpsS hm°p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw kr„n-bn¬ AhnSp∂v \n¿h-ln® al-Ømb Imcy-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Xs‚ P\Øn-t‚bpw a\p-jy-h¿§w apgp-h-t‚bpw Ncn-{X-Ønepw \n¿h-ln®n-cp∂ ssZhn-I- {]t_m-[\ ]≤Xn ]q¿Øo-Icn- ° p∂p. ]nXm- h mb ssZhØns‚ shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø ¬ AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ FØp-∂Xv ]p{X≥ ]mct¢Ømsb Zm\-ambn \¬Ip-tºm-gm-Wv (cf. tbml. 14:16) ""\sΩ F√m kXy-Øn-te°pw'' (tbml. 16:13) \bn-°p∂ ]nXmhn-t‚bpw ]p{X-t‚bpw Acq-]n-bmb ]mct¢Øm-sb. ssZh-Øns‚ F√m hmKvZm-\-ßfpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏Sp-∂Xv tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-emWv (cf. 2 tImdn 1:20). Aßs\ ]nXm-hn-te°v \bn-°p∂ hgn-bn-eqsS Ncn°p-hm≥ F√m a\p-jycpw, kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j-∑mcpw, {]m]vXcm-Ip-∂p. AXphgn HSp- h n¬ ""ssZhw F√m- h ¿°pw F√mw BtI≠Xn\p-Xs∂'' (1 tImdn. 15:28). 21. {InkvXp-hns‚ Ipcniv sXfnbn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, Xs‚ au\-Øn-eq-sSbpw ssZhw kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jymh-Xmcw sNbvX hN-\-Øn-s‚, ]p{X-\mb ssZh-Øn-s‚, Cu `qan-bn-eq-sSbp≈ {]bm-WØ - n¬ Hcp \n¿Æm-bI LSI-amWv k¿Δ-i‡ - \ - mb ]nXm-hn¬\n-∂p-ap≈ Zqcw kw_‘n® A\p-`-hw, ssZh-Øns‚ au\w. B au\w F¥pam{Xw thZ-\bv°v Imc-W-ambn F∂Xv Ipcn-in¬ Xqßn°n-S-∂-t∏mƒ tbip \S-Ønb hnem]w hy‡-am-°p-∂p≠v: ""Fs‚ ssZhta Fs‚ ssZhta F¥p-sIm≠v Aßv
50
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Fs∂ Dt]-£n®p. (a¿t°m. 15:34, aØm. 27:46). Xs‚ Ah-km\ izmkw-h-scbpw tbip A\p-k-c-W-tØmsS Pohn-®p. ac-W-Øns‚ A‘-Im-cØn¬ tbip-]n-Xm-hns\ hnfn-®p. Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂pw ac-W-Øn-te°v IS∂ kabw, A\-¥-amb Poh-\n-te°v {]th-in® ka-bw, tbip Xs∂-Øs∂ ]nXm-hn\v Gev]n-®p-sIm-SpØp. ""]nXm-th, Aß-bpsS Ic-ßfn¬ Fs‚ Bflm-hns\ Rm≥ ka¿∏n°p∂p'' (eq-°m. 23:46). ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w tIƒ°p-Ibpw AXv Xncn-®-dn-bpIbpw sNbvX-h¿ Ahn-SpsØ au\hpw t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cpw. Aß-s\-bp≈ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h-cpsS A\p`-h-amWv tbip-hns‚ Cu A\p-`-h-Øn¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p∂-Xv. \nc-h[n hnip-≤-∑m-cp-tSbpw tbmKn-I-fp-tSbpw A\p`hw CXm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂pw At\Iw hnizm-kn-If - psS bm{XbpsS Hcp `mK-amWv CXv. ssZh-Øns‚ au\w Ahn-Sp∂v t\csØ D®-cn® hm°p-Isf XpS¿∂p-sIm≠pt]m-Ip-∂p. A‘-Im-c-Øns‚ Cu \nan-j-ß-fn¬ au\-Øns‚ almc-l-ky-Øn-eqsS Ahn-Sp∂v kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ ss{IkvXh shfn-]m-Sns‚ Nme-I-i-‡n-bn¬ ssZh-h-N\-Øns‚ kp{][m-\-amb Hcp Bhn-jvI-c-W-ambn au\w ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.
kwkm-cn-°p∂ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS {]Xn-I-cWw ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ DS-º-Sn-bnte°p≈ £Ww 22. hN-\-Øns‚ hnhn[ cq]-߃ FSp-Øp-Im-´n-bXneqsS ssZhw a\p-jy-tcmSv Fß-s\-sb√mw kwkm-cn°p-∂p, Fßs\ Ah-cp-ambn I≠p-ap-´p-∂p, Fßs\ kw`m- j - W - Ø n¬ Ah¿°pXs∂ shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø p∂p Fs∂√mw hnNn-¥\w \S-Øm≥ \ap°v Ign-™p. ""shfn]m-Sn-s\-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ kwhm-Zw AYhm kw`m-j-Ww,
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
51
F∂p-]-d-bptºmƒ ssZhw a\p-jy-t\mSv Acp-fn-s®bvX hN-\-Øns‚ {]map-Jy-amWv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv F∂v kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p.71 Xs‚ hN-\-Øn-eqsS a\pjys\ hnfn-°p-Ibpw a\p-jy≥ AXn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn-°pIbpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ D≠m-b, ssZh a\p-jy-_‘-Øns‚ Bhn-jvI-c-W-amWv DS-º-Sn-sb∂ Znhy-c-l-kyw. CXv c≠v ka-∑m¿ XΩn-ep≈ I≠p-ap-´epw DS-ºSnbn¬ G¿s∏-Sepw As√∂v hy‡-am-Wv. ]gb DS-º-Sn-sb∂pw ]pXnb DS-ºSn-sb∂pw \mw ]d-bp-∂Xv Htc ]Z-hnbp≈ c≠v I£nIƒ D≠m-°p∂ DS-º-Sn-b-√. CXv ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-am-Ip∂ Cu Zm\-ØneqsS a\p-jy\pw ssZhhpw XΩn-ep≈ Zqcw C√m-Xm-°p∂ Hcp ]mew ssZhw kr„n-°p-∂p. Aßs\ \sΩ bYm¿∞Øn¬ Xs‚ ]¶m-fn-If - m-°p-∂p. {InkvXphpw k-`bpw XΩnep≈ sshhm-lnI kvt\l-Øns‚ clkyw shfn-s∏-SpØp-hm-\mWv CXv. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n∂v t\m°p-tºmƒ Hmtcm ]pcp-jt- \m-Spw, Hmtcm kv{Xotbm-Spw, ssZhw kwkmcn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. kzX-{¥-amb Hcp {]Xn-I-c-W-ØneqsS Cu kwhm-ZØ - n¬ {]th-in-°p-hm≥ Ahn-Sp∂v \sΩ sh√p-hn-fn-°p-∂p, £Wn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w {ihn-°p-∂X - n\pw AXn-t\mSv {]Xn-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n\pw \mw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcbpw Ahn-Sp∂v i‡-cm-°p∂p. hN-\Øn-emWv \mw kr„n-°-s∏-´-Xv. hN-\-Øn¬ \mw Pohn°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu kwhm-Z-Øn\v \mw lrZbw Xpd∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \ap°v \sΩ-Øs∂ a\- n-em°m≥ km≤y-am-hp-I-bn-√. a\pjys‚ AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ kz`mhw ]p{X-\n¿Δn-ti-jamWv, _‘-ßf - p-tS-Xm-Wv, F∂v ssZh-h-N\w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]nXm-hns‚ ]p{X-\mb {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv Ir]m-h-c-Øn-eqsS A\p-cq-]-cm-Iphm\pw {InkvXp-hn¬ cq]m-¥cw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw \mw hnfn-°s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
52
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
ssZhw \sΩ {ihn°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS tNmZy߃°v adp-]Sn ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p 23. ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Cu kwhm-Z-Øn¬ \mw \sΩØs∂ a\- n-em-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip-∂p. \ΩpsS lrZ-b-Øns‚ Bg-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ tNmZy-߃°v \mw DØcw Is≠-Øp-∂Xpw Cu kwhm-Z-Øn-em-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w \tΩmSv i{XpX ]pe¿Øp∂n-√. \ΩpsS bYm¿∞Øn-ep≈ B{K-l-ßsf AXv izmkw ap´n-°p-∂-Xp-an√. adn®v \ΩpsS B{K-l-ß-fp-sS-ta¬ {]Imiw ]c-ØpI-bm-Wv, Ahsb ]hn-{Xo-Ic - n®v Ah k^-ea - m-°p-IbmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm kv{Xobp-tSbpw Hmtcm ]pcp-j-t‚bpw lrZ-b-Øn¬ \ne-\n-ev°p∂ Xo{h-amb B{K-l-ß-tfmSv ssZhw am{Xta {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p≈p F∂v Is≠-ØpI \ΩpsS Ime-L-´sØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXn-{]-[m\-amb Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-Wv! F∂m¬ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ {]tXy-In®v ]m›m-Xy-tem-IØv hfsc {]Nmcw kn≤n-®n´p≈ Hcm-ibw D≠v. ssZhw a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn\pw {]iv\-߃°pw _mly-amWv F∂ Nn¥mKXn; ssZhØns‚ km∂n≤yw Xs∂ a\pjy kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v Hcp `oj-Wn-bmWv F∂ [mcW. F∂m¬ c£m-I-c-{]-hr-ØnbpsS kwhn-[m-\a - {- Xbpw sXfn-bn-°p-∂X - v, ssZhw \ΩpsS \∑-bv°p-th-≠nbpw \ΩpsS ka-{K-amb c£-bv°p-th-≠nbp-amWv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xpw {]h¿Øn-°p∂Xpw F∂-t{X. Aßs\ AP-]m-e-\-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏mSn¬\n∂p-sIm≠v t\m°p-tºmƒ, hnizm-kn-Iƒ A\p-Zn\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ {]iv\-߃ kw_-‘n®v kwhm-Z-Ønte¿s∏-Sm≥ ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\v Ignbpw F∂ coXn-bn¬ ssZh-h-N-\sØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv \n¿Æm-b-I-amb Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. \ap°v kar-≤a - mbn Poh≥ D≠m-Ip-∂X - n-\pth≠n-bmWv Xm≥ h∂Xv F∂v tbip-Xs∂ ]d-bp∂p (cf. tbm-l. 10:10). AXp-sIm≠v, \ΩpsS {]iv\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Xpd∂ kao-]-\-ambpw \ΩpsS tNmZy-߃°p≈ adp-]-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
53
Sn-bm-bn´pw \ΩpsS aqey-t_m-[sØ IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-am°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS B{K-lß - ƒ \nd-th-‰n-Øc - p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hN-\a - mbpw. ssZh-hN - \w ]¶p-hb - v°p-hm≥ \mw F√m coXn-bnepw {ian-t°-≠X - p≠v; AP-]me\-{]-h¿Ø-\Ø - n¬ \ΩpsS Bh-iy-߃ ssZhw ImWp-∂p-s≠∂pw klmbØn\p-th-≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS At]£ ssZhw tIƒ°p∂p-s≠∂pw hy‡-ambn ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bhiyw D≠v. hnip≤ s_m\-sh-¥qc Xs‚ "t{_hn-tem°znbpw' F∂ IrXn-bn¬ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p: ""hnip≤ enJnXØns‚ ^ew Fs¥-¶nepw ^e-a-√; \nXym-\-μØns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bmWv AXv \¬Ip∂-Xv. hnip-≤-{K-ŸØn¬ \nXy-Po-hs‚ hN- p-I-fmWv AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \mw AXv hniz-kn-®m¬ am{Xw-t]m-cm, \nXy-Po-h\pw kz¥am-°-Ww. \mw ImWp-Ibpw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂, \ΩpsS B{K-lß - s - f√mw k^eoI-cn-°s - ∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿbm-Wt√m \nXy-Po-h≥.''72
Ahn-SpsØ hN\ß-fn-eqsS ssZh-hp-ambn kw`mjWØn¬ 24. ssZh-h-N\w \mw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-scbpw X∂n-te°v ASp-∏n-°p-Ibpw \-tΩmSv kwkm-cn-°pIbpw Ahn-Sp-tØmSv Fßs\ kwkm-cn-°-W-sa∂v \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ I¿Øm-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp kw`m-jW - Ø - n¬ Dƒs∏Sp-Øp-∂p. ChnsS kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw \mw k¶o¿Ø-\-ßfpsS ]pkvX-IsØ Hm¿Ωn-°pw. ssZh-tØmSv kwkm-cn°m-\p≈ hN-\߃ ssZhw \ap°v Xcp-∂Xv Ahn-sSbm-Wv. \ΩpsS PohnXw Ahn-SpsØ apºn¬ hbv°m≥, Aßs\ Pohn-XsØ Xs∂ ssZh-Øn-te-°p≈ Hcp hgnbmbn am‰m≥, AXv \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.73 am\p-jn-I-amb F√m hnImc-ßfpw `wKn-bmbn ssZhØns‚ apºn¬ AhX-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂v k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \ap°v ImWm-\m-Ipw; kt¥m-jhpw thZ-\-bpw, hnj-a-X-Ifpw
54
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
{]Xo-£-bpw, `bhpw A‘m-fn∏pw F√mw k¶o¿Ø-\ß-fn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p-≠v. k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-tfm-sSm∏w am≤y-ÿ-{]m¿∞-\-bn-eqsS ssZh-Øn-te°v Xncn-bp-∂Xv Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p≈ `mK-߃ thsdbpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-XØn¬ D≠v (cf.]p-d. 33:12-˛16). hnP-b-Øn¬ BÀm-Zn-°p∂ Km\-߃ (cf. ]p-d. 15), \ΩpsS ZuXyw \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ hnj-a-X-Iƒ kw_-‘n® ZpxJØns‚ {]I-S\w (cf. sP-sd. 20:7,18) CsX√mw hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Cßs\ \mw ssZh-tØmSv ]d-bp∂ hm°pIƒ ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\ß - fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Aßs\ F√m ss{Ikv X h shfn- ] m- S n- s ‚bpw kwhm- Z I kz`mhw (dialogical nature) ho≠pw Dd-∏m-Ip-∂p.74 Aßs\ \ΩpsS PohnXw apgp-h\pw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw \mw ]d-bp-∂Xv {i≤n-®p-tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂, \sΩ hnfn-°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS Pohn-XØ - n\p Znim-t_m[w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp kw`m-j-W-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. \ΩpsS PohnXw apgp-h\pw ssZh-Øns‚ hnfn°v hnt[-ba - m-sW∂v ssZh-h-N\w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.75
ssZh-h-N-\hpw hnizm-khpw 25. ""kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ssZh-tØmSv \ap-°p≈ {]Xn-I-cWw "hnizm-k-Ønep≈ A\p-k-c-W-Øn-t‚'-Xmbn-cn-°Ww (tdm-am. 16:26; tdmam 1:5; 2 tImdn. 10:5˛6). hnizmk-Øn-eqsS Hcmƒ Xs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambpw kzX-{¥ambn ssZh-Øn\p Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ssZh-Øn\p Xs‚ {]⁄bpw C—m-i-‡nbpw ]q¿Æambpw hnt[-b-am-°p-∂p. ssZhw \¬Inb shfn-]mSv ]q¿Æ-a-\-t msS kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.''76 ssZh-tØmSv \mw kzoI-cn-t°≠ \ne-]mSv kw_-‘n®v ssZh-h-N\w F∂ {]amW-tcJ \¬Ip∂ IrXy-amb hnh-c-W-amWv CXv. kwkm-cn-°p∂ ssZh-Øn\v a\p-jy≥ \¬tI≠ icn-bmb {]Xn-I-cWw hnizm-k-amWv. ""hnip≤ enJn-X-ß-fn¬ AS-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
55
ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ssZh-h-N\w {Kln-°p-∂-Xn\p \sΩ i‡cm-°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v a\ pw lrZ-bhpw Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-sضn¬ am{Xta shfn-]mSv kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ignbq'' F∂v hy‡-ambn \mw ImWp∂p.77 ssZh-h-N\w {]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-h-gn-bmWv hnizmkw D≠mIp-I. AXn-eqsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ kXyw \mw lrZ-b]q¿Δw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw Aßs\ \mw ]q¿Æ-ambpw {InkvXp-hn\v kzbw Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p, {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv {]Xn-_≤ - X {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p: ""hnizmkw tIƒhn-bn¬\n-∂pw, tIƒhn {InkvXp-hn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ {]kw- K - Ø n¬\n- ∂ p- a mWv '' (tdm- a m. 10:17). hN- \ hpw {InkvXp-hp-am-bp≈ I≠p-ap-´-en¬\n-∂p-≠m-Ip∂ hnizmkhpw XΩn-ep≈ Bg-ta-dnb _‘-Øn\v c£m-Ic Ncn{Xw apgp-h≥ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn km£yw-h-ln-°p-∂p. \mw \ΩpsS PohnXw apgp-h≥ Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n-bp-am-bp≈ I≠p-ap-´-en¬\n-∂mWv hnizmkw Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂X - v. Xs‚ ico-ca - m-Ip∂ k`-bn¬ tbip-{InkvXp C∂pw Ncn-{X-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X-\m-Wv. Aßs\ \ΩpsS hnizm-k-{]-I-cWw Htc-k-abw hy‡n]chpw k`m-_≤hpw BWv.
]m]w ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ hnap-JX F∂ \ne-bn¬ 26. \mw kr„n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-hp-ambn DS-ºSn-bp-≠m°p∂ kwhm-Z-Øn-\m-bn-´m-Wv. Cu kwhm-ZØn¬\n∂v a\p-jys‚ kzmX-{¥y-Øn\p ]n≥hm-ßm≥ Ignbpw F∂ Zpc-¥km≤yXbpw ssZh-h-N\w A\n-hmcy-am-bn-Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ lrZ-bØn¬ Hfn-™p-In-S° - p∂ ]m]-sØbpw ssZh-hN - \w shfns∏-SpØp∂p. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønepw ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønepw ]m]-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp∂Xv hN\w tIƒ°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn°p-∂-Xm-Wv, DS-ºSn ewLn-°p-∂-XmWv ]m]w F∂-t{X.
56
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
ssZh-hp-ambn´p≈ sFIy-Øn-te-°p≈ £Ww Ah-KWn-®v, ssZhw {]th-in-°msX lrZ-b-Øns‚ hmXn-e-Sbv°p-∂-XmWv ]m]w.78 a\p-jys‚ ]m]w ASn-ÿm-\-]-cambn A\p-k-cWw C√m-bvabpw tIƒ°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn°epw BsW∂v hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂p. Ipcn-ip-a-c-Ww-h-scbpw \ne-\n∂ tbip-hns‚ kºq¿Æamb A\p-k-cWw (cf. ^nen. 2:8) Cu ]m]-Øns‚ apJwaqSn FSp-Øp-am-‰p-∂p. Ahn-SpsØ A\p-kc - Ww ssZhhpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-¬ ]pXnb DS-ºSn D≠m-°p-∂p. Aßs\ \ap°v A\p-c-RvP-\-s∏-Sm-\p≈ km≤yX kr„n-°p-∂p. \ΩpsSbpw temIw apgp- h - s ‚bpw ]m]- ß ƒ°pth≠nbp≈ Hcp ]cn-lm-c_ - e - n-bm-Im-\mWv ]nXmhv tbiphns\ Ab-®Xv (cf. 1 tbml 2:2; 4:10; sl{_m. 7:27). Aßs\, hos≠-Sp-°-s∏-Sm-\p≈ km≤yX Zbm-]q¿Δw \ap°v \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p, {InkvXp-hn¬ ]pXnb Hcp PohnXw Bcw-`n-°m-\p≈ km≤y-X. I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w tIƒ°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv ]m]-Øns‚ thcv HmSn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn∏n-t°-≠-Xns‚ {]m[m\yw Chn-sS-bmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. ssZh-hN - \ - a - mb tbip-hn¬ \nXy-c£ - b - n-te°v hmXn¬Xpd-°p∂ am∏v, ]m]-ßf - psS s]mdpXn kzoI-cn-°m\pw hnizmkn-Isf ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
adnbw ""ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚bpw'' ''hnizm-k-Øns‚bpw'' amXmhv 27. ""ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬ k`-bv°p≈ hnizmkw \ho-Icn-°pI'' F∂-XmWv ]{¥≠mw ktΩ-f-\-Øns‚ ASnÿm-\] - c - a - mb e£yw F∂v kn\Uv ]nXm-°∑ - m¿ {]Jym]n-®p. Cu e£yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v, ssZh-h-N-\hpw hnizmkhpw XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-{]-h¿Ø\w ]cn-]q¿Æ-X-bnse-Øn-bn-´p≈ I\y-Im-a-dn-bsØ \mw \nco-£n-°-Ww. ""DS-º-Sn-bpsS hN-\-tØmSpw Xs‚ ZuXy-tØmSpw kΩ-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
57
Xw-aq-fnb adnbw a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ ssZh-hnfn ]q¿Æambpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-h-fm-Wv.''79 hN-\-Øn-eqsS kr„n°-s∏´ a\p-jy-s\∂ bmYm¿∞yw AXns‚ G‰w ]cn]q¿Æ-amb {]Xn-—mb ImWp-∂Xv adn-b-Øns‚ A\p-kc-Wt- Øm-Sp-Iq-Snb hnizm-kØ - n-em-Wv. awK-eh - m¿Ø-sXm´v s]¥-t°m-kvXm-hsc ssZh-Xn-cp-a-\- n\p ]q¿Æ-ambpw Xs∂-Øs∂ Xpd-∂p-sIm-SpØ Hcp kv{Xobmbn adnbw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ahƒ Aa-tem-¤h - b - mWv; ssZhw Ahsf "\∑-\n-d-™-hƒ' B°n (cf. eq°m 1:28). \ncp-]m-[nIw Ahƒ ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-Øn-\p-hn-t[-b-bm-Ip-∂p. (cf. eq°m 1:38). ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Ah-fpsS Pohn-XsØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Ah-fpsS A\pk-c-Wm-]q¿Δ-amb hnizm-k-am-Wv. kZmka-bhpw ssZhh-N\w {i≤m-]q¿Δw tIƒ°p∂ Hcp I\y-I. Ah-fpsS PohnXw Ft∏mgpw hN-\-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv, kzc-ebw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xs‚ ]p{X-\p-ambn _‘s∏´ kw`-h-߃ Ahƒ Xs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n[n-t]mse kq£n-®p. Hcp \m\m-h¿Æ Nn{X-Ønse hnhn[ `mK-߃t]mse Ahsb Ahƒ Iq´n-bn-W°n (cf. eq°m 2:19,51).80 \k-d-Ønse adnbw ssZh-h-N\w hniz-kvX-X-tbmsS tIƒ°p-∂p. CXv kr„n-°p∂ _‘w IqSp-X¬ hy‡ambn ImWm≥ \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønse hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. "acn-b≥im-kv{Xhpw hN-\-Øns‚ ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw' XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-∏‰n ]T\w \SØm≥ ]WvUn-X-∑msc t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ B{K- l n- ° p- ∂ p. Bflo- b - P o- h n- X - Ø n\pw ssZh- i mkv{X˛hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-]-T-\-߃°pw CXv hfsc {]tbm-P\-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. adn-b-sØ-∏‰n hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®Øn¬ \ap°v Adn-bm≥ Ign-™n-´p-≈Xv ss{IkvXh kXy-Øns‚ ImX-emb `mK-am-Wv. A\-¥I - mew apX-ep≈ ssZhw Ime-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂Xv a\- n-em-IW - s - a-¶n¬; Xs‚ kΩ-Xw-hgn \n¿Æm-b-I-amw-hn[w CXn-t\mSv kl-
58
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
I-cn® Hcp bph-Xn-bpsS kzmX{¥yw IW-°n-se-Sp-°-Ww. B kzmX-{¥y-Øn-eqsS A√msX hN-\Ø - ns‚ a\pjymhXmcw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. X∂n¬ amwkw [cn® ssZh-h-N\w {i≤m-]q¿Δw tIƒ°p∂ k`-bpsS {]Xn—m-b-bmWv adn-bw. ssZh-tØmSpw a‰p-≈-h-tcmSpw Xpd∂ a\-t msS CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xns‚ {]Xo-Ihpw adn-bw-X-s∂. Ahƒ tIƒ°p-∂Xv B¥-co-I-cn-°p-Ibpw kzmwio-I-cn°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kPo-h-amb {ihWw; CØcw {ihW-Øn¬ hN\w Hcp PohnX ssien-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. 28. ChnsS adn-b-Øn\p ssZh-h-N-\-hp-am-bp≈ ASp∏-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. "adn-b-Øns‚ kvtXm{X-Ko-X-Øn¬'(Magnificat) CXv XnI®pw hy‡-amIp-∂p-≠v. ssZh-h-N-\-hp-ambn Ahƒ Fßs\ A\p-cq-]bm-Ip-∂p, XmZmflyw {]m]n-°p-∂p, hN-\-Øns‚ D≈nte°v Fßs\ IS-°p∂p F∂v ChnsS \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. hnizm-k-Øns‚ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Cu KoXØn¬ I\yI I¿Øm-hns‚ A]-Zm-\-߃ Ahn-SpsØ hm°p-I-fn¬Xs∂ Be-]n-°p-∂p. ""adn-b-Øns‚ Bflmhns‚ Ombm-Nn{Xw F∂v ]d-bm-hp∂ "kvt{Xm{X-KoXw' apgp-h\pw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ \ns∂-Sp-Øn-´p≈ ]Zmh-en-IƒsIm≠v hncNn-X-am-Wv. ssZh-h-N\w Ahƒ°v F{X kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-sW∂v \ap°v ChnsS ImWm≥ Ignbpw. \njv{]-bmkw enJn-X-ß-fn-te°v adnbw IS-∂p-sN√p-∂p, Ahn-sS-\n∂v aS-ßn-h-cp-∂p. ssZh-h-N\w D]-tbmKn®v adnbw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssZh-h-N\w Ah-fpsS hN-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. ssZh-h-N\-Øn¬\n-∂mWv Ah-fpsS hm°p-Iƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂X - v. AhfpsS Nn¥-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ Nn¥-I-fp-ambn Fßs\ A\p-cq-]a - m-bn-cn-°p-∂p, XmZmflyw {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p, F∂v \ap°v ChnsS ImWmw. AXp-t]mse Ah-fpsS a\ pw ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-a-\ pw H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv Fß-s\sb∂pw. adnbw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssZh-h-N\w kzmwio-I-cn-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
59
®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX hN-\Øns‚ AΩ-bm-Im≥ Ahƒ°v Ign-™p.''81 ssZh-Øns‚ AΩ-sb-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ, ssZhw temIØv {]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS kzmX-{¥ysØ Ahn-Sp∂v Fßs\ am\n-°p∂p F∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. hnizm-k-Øn-eqsS ssZh-h-N\w \sΩ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. \Ωn¬ ssZhw \S-Øp∂ B¥-cn-I-{]-h¿Ø-\w-hgn Fß-s\-bmWv \mw cq]m-¥cw {]m]n-°p-∂Xv F∂v adnbØn¬\n∂v \mw ]Tn-°p-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬ \ΩpsS A∏kvtXm-en-Ihpw AP-]m-e-\-]-c-hp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ^e-{]-Z-am-Ip-I-bn-√. ""adn-bsØ Xncp-k-`-bpsS hnizm-kØns‚ amXr-Ibpw {]Xn-cq]hpambn `‡n-tbmSpw kvt\l]q¿Δhpw t\m°n-°m-Wp-I-sb-∂Xv ]c-a-{]-[m-\-am-Wv. \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ k`bv°v temI-hp-am-bp≈ _‘Øn¬ auen-I-amb am‰w hcp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ CXn\v AXn-{][m-\amb Hcp ]¶v hln-°m-\p-≠v. {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿Δw hN\w tI´v AXv {]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm\pw {]tLm-jn-°p-hm\pw Bh-iy-amb {]Xn-_-≤X D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw CXm-h-iy-amWv.''82 ssZh-h-N\w ]q¿Æ-ambpw cq]w \¬Inb ssZh-am-Xmhn-s\-∏‰n \mw [ym\n°ptºmƒ hnizm-k-Øns‚ cl-kyØn-te°v {]th-in-°p-hm≥ \mapw hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂psh∂v \mw Xncn-®-dn-bpw. hnizm-k-Øns‚ cl-ky-Øn-eqsS-bmWv {InkvXp \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ hmkw sNøp∂∂-Xv. hnip≤ Awt{_mkv ]d-bp-∂-Xv, Hmtcm ss{IkvXh-hn-izm-knbpw B¥-cn-Ia - mbn ssZh-hN - \ - sØ K¿`w [cn°p-Ibpw {]k-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂m-Wv. icocØn¬ Hc-Ωtb {InkvXp-hn\v D≈q F¶nepw hnizm-kwhgn {InkvXp \Ωp-sS-sb√mw k¥-Xn-bm-Wv.83 Aßs\ adn-b-Øn\p kw`-hn-®Xv hN\w {ihn-°p-Ibpw IqZm-iIfn¬ kw_-‘n°pI-bpw- sNøp-∂Xphgn Znh-khpw \mtam-tcm-cp-Ø-cnepw kw`-hn-°m\n-S-bmIpw.
60
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Xncp-k-`-bn¬ hnip-≤-en-Jn-XßfpsS hymJym-\w k`, hnip-≤-{KŸkw_-‘-amb hymJym-\-߃°p≈ {]mY-anI thZn F∂ \ne-bn¬ 29. kn\-Un¬ N¿® sNø-s∏´ thsdmcp kp{]-[m\ hnj-b-Øn-te°v \nß-fpsS {i≤ £Wn-°m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p — hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS hymJym\w k`bn¬ F∂-XmWv B {]ta-bw. hN-\hpw hnizm-khpw XΩnep≈ B¥-cn-I-amb _‘w hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv hnip-≤-{KŸsØ B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn hymJym-\n-°p-hm≥ k`-bpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ N´-°q-Snte Ignbq F∂m-Wv. CXn-\p≈ amXrI adn-b-Øns‚ kΩ-XØnem-Wv ('fiat'). hnizm-k-ans√-¶n¬ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ Xpd-°m-\p≈ Xmt°msem∂pw e`y-a-s√∂v hnip≤ s_m\-sh-¥qcm ]d-bp-∂p. ""hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ kw_-‘n® F√m Adnhpw Dd∏pw Hcp Acp-hn-bn¬\n∂v F∂t]mse tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬\n∂mWv Hgp-In-h-cp-∂-Xv. Cu tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ Adn-bp∂Xv hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßfneq-sS-bm-Wv. Hcmƒ°v {InkvXphn¬ ASn-bp-d® hnizm-ka - n-s√-¶n¬ kXyw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Abmƒ°v km[y-ta-b-√. hnizm-kw, {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-kw, Hcp hnf-°m-Wv. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Ihm-Shpw Ah-bpsS ASn-Ø-d-bp-amWv AXv.''84 hnip≤ BKkvXn-t\m-kns\ D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v hnip≤ tXmakv AIzo-\mkv ]d-bp-∂p: ""A£-cw, AXv kphn-ti-j-Øn¬\n∂v FSp-Ø-Xm-bmepw AXn¬ kuJy-Zm-b-I-amb hnizmk-Øns‚ B¥-cn-I-hcw Cs√-¶n¬, AXv sIm√p-∂-Xmbn-cn-°pw.''85 ss__nƒ hymJym-\-Øn-\p≈ Hcp ASnÿm\ am\ZWvUw ChnsS Nq≠n°m-´m≥ Ignbpw: Xncp-k-`-bpsS Pohn-X-amWv hnip-≤-{KŸ hymJym-\-Øn-\p≈ {]mY-anI
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
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thZn. hymJym-Xm-°ƒ AwKo-I-cn-t°≠ _mly-amb Hcp N´-am-bn´v k`m-]c - a - mb kμ¿`sØ Db¿Øn-∏nSn-°p-Ib - √ ChnsS sNøp-∂Xv; t\tc-a-dn-®v, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS kz`m-hØ - n¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ Dcp-Øn-cn-bp∂ Hcp D]m-[n-bmWv CXv. {Iam-\p-K-X-ambn hnip≤ enJn-X-߃ D≠m-b-Xns‚ kml-Nc - yhpw ]cn-KW - n-°p-tºm-gmWv Cu \n_-‘\ ]ment°-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xv. ""hnip≤ enJn-X-ß-fpsS cN-bn-Xm-°ƒ kmln-Xy-kr„n \S-Øn-bXv hnizmk ]mc-º-cy-ß-fpsS kPoh ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv. Cu {KŸ-Im-c-∑m-cpsS Cu kμ¿`-hp-am-bp≈ Cgp-In-t®-c¬ \S-∂Xv kaq-l-ß-fpsS Bcm-[-\m-]-chpw _mlyhpamb Pohn-X-Ønse ]¶m-fnØ-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. B kaq-l-ß-fpsS _u≤nI temIØnepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw Ncn-{X-Øns‚ KXn-hn-K-Xn-Ifnepw Ch¿ ]¶m-fn-If - m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂, XßfpsS Ime-L-´-Ønse hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kaq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw hnizm-k-Ønepw ]q¿Æ-ambn ]¶m-fn-I-fmbn-s°m-≠p-am-{Xta hymJym-Xm-°ƒ°v hnip≤ enJn-Xßsf icn-bmbn hymJym-\n-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ib - p-≈p.''86 AXns‚ ^e-ambn ""GXv Acq-]n-bmemtWm hnip-≤-en-Jn-X߃ cNn-°-s∏-´Xv AtX Acq-]n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn-emIWw Ah hmbn-t°-≠Xpw hymJym-\n-t°-≠X - pw.''87 hymJym-Xm-°fpw ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄cpw ssZh-P\w apgp-h\pw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßsf kao-]n-t°-≠Xv am\p-jn-I-amb hm°p-I-fn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p≈ ssZh-h-N-\-amWv AXv F∂ t_m≤y-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-I-Ww. hnip≤ enJn-X-߃ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N\w Xs∂-bmWv (cf. 1 sXk. 2:13). ss__n-fn¬Xs∂ Ft∏mgpw AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ Hcp XØzamWv CXv. ""hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Ønse {]h-N-\-߃ BcptSbpw kz¥-amb hymJym-\Ø - n-\p-≈X - √ - . F¥p-sIm-s≠∂m¬ {]h-N-\-߃ Hcn-°epw am\p-jnI tNmZ-\-bn¬ cq-]w sIm≠-X√; ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ {]tNm-Zn-X-cmbn ssZh-Øns‚ a\p-jy¿ kwkm-cn-®-XmWv'' (2 ]t{Xm.
62
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
1:20˛21). IqSmsX Xncp-k-`-bpsS hnizm-k-amWv hnip-≤-{KŸ-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-\sØ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xv. C°mcyw hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkv {]Jym-X-amb hm°p-I-fn¬ ]d™ph®n-´p-≠v: ""ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS A[n-Imcw Ft∂mSv ]d-™n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Rm≥ kphn-ti-jØn¬ hniz-kn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.''88 Xncp-k-`bv°v Poh≥ \¬Ip∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n hnip≤ enJn-X-ßsf B[n-Imcn- I - a mbn hymJym- \ n- ° m≥ \sΩ i‡- c m- ° p- ∂ p. ss__nƒ Xncp-k-`-bpsS {KŸ-am-Wv. k`-bpsS Pohn-XØn¬ ss__n- f n- \ p≈ k¿Δ- { ]- [ m- \ - a mb ÿm\w AXns‚ icn-bmb hymJym-\-Øn\v If-sam-cp-°p-∂p. 30. \ap°v Hcn-°epw kz¥w \ne-bn¬ hnip-≤-en-JnX-߃ hmbn-°m-\m-In√ F∂ hkvXpX hnip≤ sPtdmw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. AS-®n-´n-cn-°p∂ At\Iw hmXnep-Iƒ ImWpw; hfsc Ffp-∏Ø - n¬ \mw sX‰n-te°v hgp-Xn-hogmw. ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]tNm-Z-\-Øn¬ ssZh-P\w ssZh-P\-Øn-\mbn Fgp-Xn-b-XmWv ss__nƒ. ssZh-P-\-hp-ambp≈ Iq´m-bva-bn¬ am{Xta ssZhw \sΩ Adn-bn-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ kXy-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øn-te°v "\mw' Hcp kwL-ambn bYm¿∞-Øn¬ IS-∂p-sN-√m≥ Ign-bq.89 ""hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßsf°p-dn-®p≈ A⁄X {InkvXp-hn-s\°pdn-®p≈ A⁄X-X-s∂-bmWv''90 F∂p Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂ hnip≤ sPtdmw ]d-bp-∂-Xv, "ssZh-h-N\w hymJym-\n-°p∂-Xn¬ k`-bp-tS-Xmb Hcp am\-ap-s≠-∂-Xv, _mly-ambn G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb Hcp \n_-‘-\-b√' F∂mWv. Xo¿∞m-S\-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-P-\-Øns‚ kzcw-X-s∂bmWv hnip-≤-{KŸw; Cu P\-Øns‚ hnizm-k-Øn¬\n∂p-sImt≠ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ am\knI s]mcpØw \ap-°p-≠m-Iq. ss__n-fns‚ B[n-Imcn-I-amb GXp hymJym-\hpw ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS hnizm-k-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. At±lw Hcp sshZn-I\v Cßs\ Fgp-Xn: ""Xm¶sf ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p≈
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
63
]c-º-cm-KX {]t_m-[-\-Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°pI; Aßs\ icn- b mb hnizmkw P\- ß - t fmSv {]tLm- j n- ° m≥ Xm¶ƒ°v Ignbpw; B hnizmkw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-hsc hmZn®p tXmev]n-°p-hm\pw Xm¶ƒ°v km[n-°pw.''91 hnizm-ksØ am‰n-\n¿Øn-s°m≠v hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xßsf kao-]n-°p-∂Xv Hcp-]t£ {KŸ-`m-K-Øns‚ LS\ kw_-‘n®pw cq]w kw_-‘n®pw ck-I-c-amb hkvXp-XIƒ e`y-am-°n-tb-°mw. F∂m¬ Ah Xo¿®-bmbpw {]mYan-Ihpw LS-\m]-c-ambn A]q¿Æhpamb DZy-a-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw. B[p-\nI ssZh-h-N-\-˛-hym-Jym-\-˛-kn-≤m-¥-Ønse AwKo-Ir-X-amb Hcp XØzsØ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v s]m¥n-^n-°¬ _nªn°¬ IΩo-j≥ C{]-Imcw ]dbp∂p: ""Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]mT-`mK-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ß-tfmSv B`n-ap-Jy-ap≈ Hcmƒ°pam-{Xta hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-`m-K-ßsf icn°v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.''92 BflobPohn-Xhpw hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym-\hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-°p∂-XmWv taev∏-d™ Imcy-ß-sf-√mw. ""A\p-hm-N-I≥ Acq-]n-bpsS Poh-\n¬ ]Iz-X-{]m-]n°pwtXmdpw ss__nƒ GXv bmYm¿∞y-ßsf∏‰n-bmtWm ]d-bp-∂Xv Ah a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ Ignhpw h¿≤n-°pw.''93 hnip-≤-en-JnX-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw k`m-]-c-amb bYm¿∞ A\p-`-h-Øns‚ Xo{hX hnizm-k-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb bYm¿∞ Adn-hns‚ hf¿®-bn-te°v Xo¿®-bmbpw \bn°pw. AXp-t]m-se-X-s∂, hnizm-k-]q¿Δw hnip-≤-{KŸw hmbn-°p-∂Xv k`m-]-c-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ hf¿®bv°pw D]-I-cn-°pw. alm-\mb hnip≤ {KnKdn ]d-™Xv F{X icn-bm-sW∂v ChnsS Hcn-°¬°qSn \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbpw: ""ssZh-h-N\hpw AXv hmbn-°p-∂-h-tcm-sSm∏w hfcp-∂p.''94 ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øn¬ Ncn°p∂ F√m-h-cp-am-bp≈ k`-bnse Iq´mbva XpS-ßn-hbv°p-Ibpw AXns\ h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
64
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
""]mh-\-amb ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ Bflmhv'' 31. ""hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ ]Tn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ssZh-imkv{X-Øns‚ Bflm-hp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°Ww.''95 "ssZh-hN\w' F∂ {]amW-tc-J-bn¬ \ns∂-Sp-Øn-´p≈ Cu D≤cWn Ipsd h¿j-ßf - mbn Gsd ]cn-Nn-Xa - m-bn-´p-≠v. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-en-\p-ti-j-ap≈ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-WvUn-X-∑mcpw hnip-≤-{KŸ hymJym-Xm°fpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ ]pXp-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ XmXv]c - y-Øns‚ {]Xo-Ia - mbn Cu D≤-cW - nsb IqsS-°qsS Nq≠n-°m-´n-bn-cp-∂p. Ncn-{X-kw-_-‘-amb Kth-j-Whpw hnizm-k-kw-_-‘-amb hnip-≤-{KŸ hymJym-\hpw XΩnep≈ _‘w hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xn\v sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kn\Uns‚ ]{¥≠mw ktΩ-f-\hpw ASn-°Sn {]i-kvX-amb Cu {]tbmKw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn. C°-gn™ Zi-I-ßfn¬ k`-bn¬ ssZh-h-N\ ]T\w h¿≤n-®n-´p-s≠∂v kq\l- t Zmkv ]nXm- ° - ∑ m¿ kk- t ¥mjw AwKo- I - c n- ® p. \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ hnip-≤-{KŸ ]T-\-Øn¬ k¶o¿Æ-amb hnhn[ {]iv\-߃ ssIImcyw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu DZy-aØ - n¬ At\Iw hnip≤enJnX hymJym-Xm-°fpw ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-∑mcpw ka¿∏-W-_p-≤n-tbmSpw {]Xn_-≤-X-tbmSpw anI-thm-Spw-IqSn {]h¿Øn-®-Xn\v ]nXm-°∑m¿ Ah-tcmSv lrZ-b-\n¿`-c-amb IrX-⁄X {]I-Sn-∏n®p. Ah-cpsS ]cn-{i-a-^-e-ambn hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS A¿∞w IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ {Kln-°m≥ kwK-Xn-bm-bn´p-≠v.96 s]m¥n-^n-°¬ _nªn-°¬ IΩo-j-\n¬ ap≥Ime-ß-fnepw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-eØpw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p≈ AwKß-tfmSpw ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Bflm¿∞-amb IrX-⁄X {]ISn-∏n-®p. IΩo-j≥ AwK-߃ hnizmk Xncp-kw-Lh - p-ambn ASpØp kl-I-cn®v hnip-≤-en-Jn-X- ]T\ß-fn¬ I≠pap-´p∂ Nne {]tXyI {]iv\-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-cpsS khn-ti-j-amb ]cn-⁄m\w e`yam-°n-bn-cp∂p; AXv XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ss__nƒ ]T-\-ß-fpsS
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
65
Ct∏m-gsØ ÿnXnbpw ssZh-imkv{XØns‚ taJ-eb - n¬ Ah-bv°p≈ ÿm\hpw ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-amsW∂pw kn\Uv Icp-Xn. Xncp-k-`-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃ AP-]m-e\ - Ø - n¬ F{X-am{Xw ^e-{]-Za - m-sW-∂Xpw hnizmkn-I-fpsS Bflo-b-Po-hn-XsØ AXv Fßs\ kzm[o-\n°p∂p F∂Xpw \s√m-c-f-hn¬ hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym\hpw ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘sØ B{i-bn®mWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. C°m-c-W-Øm¬, kn\Uv ktΩf-\-ß-fn¬ Cu hnjbw kw_-‘n®v \S∂ N¿®-I-fn¬ Db¿∂ph∂ Nne hnNn-¥-\-ß-sf-∏‰n {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂p F∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p.
ss__nƒ ]T-\ß - f - psS ]ptcm-KX - nbpw k`-bpsS {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Im-chpw 32. Ncn-{X-]c - hpw hna¿i-\m-flI - h - p-amb hnip-≤e - n-JnX hymJym-\hpw ASp-Ø-Im-eØv hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øn-´p≈ {KŸ-]mT A]-{K-Y-\-co-Xn-Ifpw k`m-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ D≠m°n-bn-´p≈ {]tbm-P-\-߃ BZy-ta-Xs∂ \mw AwKo-Icn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.97 hnip≤ enJn-X-ßsf ItØm-en-°mk`-bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Cß-s\bp≈ kwhn-[m-\-ß-fn¬ {i≤-sN-ep-Øp-I-sb-∂Xv A\pt]- £ - W o- b - a m- W v . Imc- W w, a\p- j ym- h - X m- c - Ø ns‚ bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-XmWv CXv: ""tbml∂ms‚ kphn-tijw 1:14-˛¬ ImWp∂ "hN\w amwk-ambn' F∂ ss{IkvXh XØz-Øn¬ \n∂mhn¿`-hn°p∂-XmWv Cu Bh-iy-I-X. ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Hcp ASnÿm-\L - S- Ihpw am\-hp-amWv Cu Ncn{X hkvXp-X. c£mI-c-N-cn{Xw Hcp ]pcm-W-I-Y-b√; AXv bYm¿∞- Ncn-{XamWv. Ncn-{X-ambn AXv ]Tn-t°-≠Xpw Kuc-h-]q¿Δw \SØp∂ Ncn{X Kth-j-W-Øns‚ coXn-Iƒ CXn\v {]tbmP-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xpw Bhiy-am-Wv.''98 At\z-j-W-Øn\p≈ Cu am¿§-ßfpw Ah Fßs\ {]tbm-Kn-°-W-
66
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
sa∂pw Adn-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv ss__nƒ ]T-\-Øn\v Bhiy-am-Wv. B[p-\nI Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ ]T-\Ø - n-s‚bpw Kthj-W-Øn-s‚bpw {]m[m\yw ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ IqSp-X-embn a\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≠v F∂Xv Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw CXv kw`-hn-®n-´p-s≠∂v ]d-bm-\m-In-s√¶nepw; Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb k`m-]m-c-ºcyw ]mT-`m-K-ß-fpsS ""A£-cm¿∞w'' {Kln-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ XmXv]cyw Ft∏mgpw {]I-Sa - m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ChnsS bqtdm-]y≥ kwkvIm-cØ - ns‚ G‰w i‡-amb ASn-Ø-d-bmb B{ia kwkvIm-csØ (monastic culture)A\p-kva-cn-t°-≠-Xp≠v; Cu kwkvIm-cØns‚ thcv ssZh-h-N\w kw_-‘n® DXv°-WvT-bm-Wv. ssZh-Øn-\m-bp≈ B{K-lØn¬, ssZh-h-N-\-tØmSv AXns‚ F√m am\-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ kvt\lhpw AS-ßn-bncn-°p-∂p. ""hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Ønse hm°pIfn-eqsS ssZhw \ΩpsS ASp-sØ-Øp∂p; \mw ssZh-Øns‚ ]°epw. AXp-sIm≠v `mj-bpsS clkyw Is≠-Øm≥ \mw ]Tn°-Ww, AXns‚ LS-\-bnepw Bhn-jvI-cWcoXn-bnepw AXns\ {Kln-°m≥ ]Tn-°-Ww. Aß-s\, ssZh-Øn-\mbp≈ At\z-j-W-Øn¬ `mj-Isf Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em°m≥ klm-bn-°p∂ `uanIimkv{X-߃°v {]m[m-\yap-≠mbn''99 33. ""ssZh-h-N-\w, AXv enJn-X-am-bmepw ]mc-º-cyØns‚ cq]-Øn-em-bm-epw, B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn hymJym-\n°m≥ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv Xncp-k-`-bpsS kPo-hamb {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Im-c-sØ-bm-Wv.''100 AXp-sIm≠v Ncn{X-]-c-amb A]-{K-Y-\-Øn¬ Bhn¿`-hn-®n-´p≈ ]pXnb coXn-I-tfm-Sp≈ icn-bmb {]Xn-I-cWw kw_-‘n®v hnthI-]q¿hhpw ka-Xp-en-X-amb coXn-bnepw k` CS-s]-´n-´p≠v. entbm ]Xn-aq-∂m-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS ""s{]mhn-tZ¥oknaqkv tZhq-kv,'' ]obqkv ]{¥-≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS ""Znhot\m A^vfmt¥ kv]ncnØq'' F∂o Nm{In-I-te-J\-ßsf∏-‰n-bmWv Rm≥ {][m-\a - mbpw Nn¥n-°p-∂X - v. Cu
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
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Nm{In-It- e-J\ - ß - ƒ {]kn≤oI-cn-®X - ns‚ bYm-{Iaw \qdma-sØbpw A≥]-Xm-a-sØbpw hm¿jnIw {]am-Wn®v hμy\mb Fs‚ ap≥Kman tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m- a ≥ am¿]m∏ Cu {]am-Wtc-J-I-fpsS {]m[m\yw A\p-kva-cn°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.101 ss__n-fns‚ ItØm-en°m hymJym\sØ bp‡n-hm-ZØ - ns‚ IS-∂m-{I-aWßfn¬\n∂v c£n°m≥ Ign-™Xv entbm ]Xn-aq-∂m-as‚ CS-s]-S-ep-sIm≠m-Wv. F∂m¬ At±lw hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Øn\p Ncn-{XØn¬\n∂v th¿s]-SpØn Hcp Bflob A¿∞w \¬Im≥ Hcp-sº-´n-√. Xncp-k` imkv{Xo-b-amb hna¿i-\sØ AhK- W n- ° p∂n√. AXn¬\n∂v Hgn- ™ p- a m- d p- ∂ n- √ . ""imkv{Xob ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-ep-≈s - X∂v Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sp∂ Nne ap≥hn-[n-Ifpw A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw D≠v. Ch cl-kyambn imkv{XsØ AXns‚ bYm¿∞ {]h¿Ø-\-ta-J-ebn¬\n∂v AI-∂p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ CS-bm-°p-∂p-ap≠v. CØcw A`n-{]m-b-ßsf Xncp-k` kwi-b-tØmsS kao-]n-°p∂p.''102 ]{¥≠mw ]obqkv am¿]m-∏bv°v "anÃn-°¬ hnip≤-{KŸ hymJym\w' F∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ Hcp kn≤m-¥Øns‚ h‡m-°-fn¬\n∂pw "B{I-aW-߃' t\cn-tS-≠nh-∂p. imkv{Xo-b-amb F√m kao-]-\-tØbpw X≈n-°-f™-h-cmWv Ch¿. "Znhot\m A^vfmt¥ kv]ocnØp' F∂ Nm{InI teJ-\-Øn¬ aX-{]-t_m-[-\-Øn\v {]tbmP-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ imkv{Xo-b-amb hnip-≤-{KŸ hymJym\hpw B¥-cn-I-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Bflob hymJym-\hpw XΩn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw sshcp-≤yap-s≠∂ Hcp kqN-\-t]mepw \¬Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ kq£n®n-´p-≠v. ""F∂m¬ imkv{Xo-b-ambn \n¿Δ-Nn-®n-´p≈ hmNym¿∞-Øns‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb A¿∞hpw'' hm°p-I-fpsS Bflo-b-amb A¿∞hpw hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ imkv{X-Øns‚ `mK-amsW∂p ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.103 Aßs\ Cu c≠v {]am-W-tc-JIfpw ""am\p-jn-Ihpw ssZhn-Ihpw Bb-h-bv°n-S-bn¬ Hcp
68
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hnS-hp-≠v, imkv{Xo-b-amb Kth-j-Whpw hnizm-k-tØmSp≈ BZ-chpw XΩn¬ s]mcp-Ø-t°Sp≠v, hN-\-`m-K-ßfpsS hmNym¿∞hpw Ah-bpsS Bflo-b-amb A¿∞hpw XΩn¬ s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp≠v''104 F∂ \ne-]mSv X≈n-°-fbp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv s]m¥n-^n-°¬ _nªn-°¬ IΩoj≥ 1993-˛¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® tcJ-bnepw Cu k¥p-e\w \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ""hnip-≤-{KŸw hymJym-\n-°p-Isb∂ {]hr-Øn-bn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ ItØm-en-°-cmb hymJym-Xm-°ƒ ssZh-h-N-\-amWv X߃ hymJym-\n-°p∂Xv F∂ hkvXpX Hcn-°epw hnkva-cn-°-cp-Xv. {KŸØns‚ t{kmX- p-Iƒ, kmln-Xy-cq-]w, Ch \n›-bn-®tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn, kmln-Xy-]-c-amb {]{In-b-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-®tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn, Xß-fpsS tPmen ]q¿Øn-bmbn F∂v Icp-Xcp-Xv. hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-`mKØns‚ A¿∞w Cu Ime-L-´-Ønte-°p≈ ssZh-h-N-\-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ am{Xta Ah-cpsS tPmen-bpsS bYm¿∞ e£y-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂p-≈p.''105
Iu¨kn-ens‚ ss__nƒ hymJym-\-kn-≤m¥w, ]n≥Xp-S-tc≠ Hcp \n¿t±iw 34. Cu ]- › m- Ø - e - Ø n¬, c≠mw hØn- ° m≥ Iu¨knens‚ {]tXyIn®pw "ssZh-hN\w' F∂ {]amW-tc-Jb - n¬ ItØm-en°m hymJym-Xm-°ƒ ]n≥Xp-St- c≠ hymJym-\-X-Øz-߃ Iptd-°qSn sa®-s∏´ coXn-bn¬ a\ n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. ""hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ ssZhw a\pjy-tcmSv am\p-jn-I-amb coXn-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂p F∂p ImWmw. ssZhw \sΩ Adn-bn-°m≥ B{K-ln-®-sX-¥msW∂v Xncn-®d - n-bp-Ib - mWv hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - f - psS hymJymXm-°ƒ e£y-an-Sp-∂Xv F¶n¬ Ah¿ {KŸ-Øns‚ cNbn-Xmhv Dt±-in® A¿∞w F¥v F∂v {i≤m-]q¿Δw At\zjn®v Is≠-ØWw; hm°p-I-fn-eqsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn°pw F∂v ssZhw Icp-Xnb A¿∞w Is≠-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
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Ø-Ww.''106 Hcp-h-iØv hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ cN-bn-Xmhv Dt±-in® A¿∞w a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v kmln-Xy-hn-`m-Kß-sf-∏-‰nbpw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb kμ¿-`-sØ-∏-‰nbpw ]T\w \S-ØWw F∂v Iu¨kn¬ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. {KŸI¿Ømhv Dt±-in-°p∂ A¿∞w a\- n-em-°m≥ Cu ]T\w ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb H∂mWv. AtX-k-abw GXv Acq-]n-bn-emtWm {KŸw cNn-°-s∏-´Xv B Acq-]nbn¬Xs∂ hnip-≤-en-JnXw hymJym-\n-°-s∏-S-Ww. CXn\v {]t_m-[-\-tcJ aq∂v ASn-ÿm\ am\-Z-WvU-߃ \n›bn-®n-´p-≠v. ss__n-fns‚ ssZhn-I-amb am\w icn°pw hnth-Nn-®d - n-bp-∂X - n-\mWv Ch \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. 1) hnip≤-en-Jn-X-ßsf H∂msI I≠p-sIm-≠v, Ah-bpsS sFIyØn¬ {i≤-]-Xn-®psIm≠v hN-\-`mKw hymJym-\n-°-Ww. Ct∏mƒ Cu kao-]\w Imt\m-\n-°¬ FIvktPkn v F∂mWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. 2) apgp-h≥ k`-bp-sSbpw kPoh-amb ]mc-ºcyw IW-°n-se-Sp-°Ww 3) Ah-km-\-ambn, hnizm-k-Øns‚ km[¿Ωy-tØmSv (analogy) BZ-chv ]pe¿Ø-Ww. ""coXn-im-kv{X-]-c-amb (methodological) XetØmSpw Ncn-{X-Øns‚bpw \ncq-]-W-Øns‚bpw ssZh-imkv{X-Øns‚bpw Xe-ßt- fmSpw BZ-chv ]pe¿Øn-s°m≠v am{Xta ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym-\sØ-∏‰n kwkm-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. hnip-≤-{K-ŸØn\v A¿l-X-s∏´ Hcp hymJym-\w.''107 Ncn-{X-]-chpw \ncq-]-Wm-fl-I-hp-amb B[p-\nI KthjWw kv]„-amb KpW-^-e-߃ D≠m-°n-bn-´p-s≠-∂Xv A\n-tj-[y-am-sW∂v kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ {]Jym-]n-°p∂p. B {]Jym-]\w icn-bm-Wv. C∂sØ ]WvUn-tXm-NnX-amb hnip-≤-{KŸ hymJym\w Ncn-{X-\n-cq-]W kwhn[m\w kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Gsd anIhv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p-≠v. ItØm-en°m ]WvUn-X-∑msc kw_-‘n®pw CXv icn-bm-Wv. hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-hym-Jym-\-Øns‚ G‰w ]pXnb hnIm-k-߃, hnip-≤-{KŸ ]mT-ß-fpsS ssZh-im-kv{X-
70
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
]-c-amb am\-Ønepw CXp-t]mse {i≤ sNep-tØ-≠Xp≠v. Aßs\ ssZh-h-N\w F∂ {]t_m-[-\-tcJ \¬Ip∂ aq∂p LS-I-ßfpw ]n≥Xp-S¿∂m¬ Cu {KŸ`m-K-ßsf IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw.108
ssZzX-hm-Zhpw aX-\n-c-t]-£-amb ss__nƒ hymJym-\hpw D≠m-°p∂ A]-ISw 35. C°m-eØv hnip≤en-Jn-X-ßsf ssZzX-hm-ZØns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ kao-]n-°p-I-sb∂ A]-ISw \nehn-ep-s≠∂v Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ss__n-fns\ c≠p-X-e-ß-fn¬ kao-]n°mw F∂v ]d-bptºmƒ Ah hyXy-kvX-am-sWt∂m H∂v at‰-Xn\v FXncm-sWt∂m A¿∞-am-°p-∂n-√. ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-amtb Cu c≠p Xe-߃°pw \ne-\n¬∏p-≈q. \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂p ]d-b-s´, hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym-\hpw ssZh-im-kv{Xhpw th¿s]-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw Ah-bpsS at≤y Hcp aXn¬ Ds≠∂pw Hcp [mcW Nne-t∏mƒ D≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. ""G‰w D∂-X-amb ]WvUnX kaq-l-ß-fnepw Cu sX‰n-≤m-cW ImWmw.''109 CXn¬\n-∂p-≠m-Ip∂ {][m-\-s∏´ ]cn-WnX^e-߃ Nq≠n-°m-´m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. Ch Hgnhm-t°-≠-h-b-t{X. a) {]Y-a-hpw {][m-\-hp-amb Imcyw CXm-Wv. hnip-≤en-JnX hymJym-\sØ H∂m-asØ Xe-Øn¬ HXp-°n\n¿Øn-bm¬ `qX-Im-e-Øn-t‚Xp am{X-amb Hcp ]pkvXI-ambn hnip-≤-{KŸw amdpw. AXn¬\n∂v kZm-Nm-c-]m-T߃ Nq≠n-°m-´m≥ Ignbpw; AXn¬\n∂v Ncn{Xw ]Tn°mw. ]t£ AXv `qX-Im-e-sØ-∏-‰n-am{Xw ]d-bp∂ Hcp ]pkvX-I-amIpw; B kml-N-cy-Øn¬ hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-hymJym-\-Øn\p ssZh-im-kv{X-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-hp-an-√m-XmIpw. AXv shdpw Ncn-{X-]-T-\-amIpw; shdpw kmln-Xy-Ncn-{Xw.110 Xs‚ hN-\-ØneqsS ssZhw kzbw shfn-s∏-SpØp∂p F∂ hkvXpX a\- n-em-°m≥ Cu \yq\o-I-cW
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kao-]-\-Øn\p Hcn-°epw km≤y-am-Ip-I-bn-√. kPo-h-amb ]mc-ºcywhgnbpw hn-ip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ hgn-bp-amWv Cu shfn-]mSv \ap°v Gev]n-®p-X-∂ncn-°p∂-Xv. b) hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßsf hnizm-k-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØmsX hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv Hcp tIhe \yq\X am{X-a√. Aßs\ sNbvXm¬ ChnsS thsdm-cp-Xcw hymJym\w cwK-{]-thiw sNøm-Xn-cn-°n-√. Zriy-h-kvXp-°sf am{Xw B[m-c-am-°n-bp≈ aX-\n-c-t]-£-amb Hcp hymJym-\w. CXv Ah-km\w \sΩ FØn-°pI ssZhw a\p-jys‚ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂n-s√∂ Dd-®-hn-izm-k-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw. Cu kn≤m-¥-a-\p-k-cn-®v, Fhn-sSsb-¶nepw ssZhoI-amb Hcp LSIw ImW-s∏-´m¬ AXv ssZhn-I-as√∂ coXn-bn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-t°≠-Xm-bn-h-cp-∂p. AhnsS F√mw am\p-jn-I-amb LS-I-ß-fn¬ HXp-°-Ww. ssZhnI LSI-߃ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ `mK-am-sW∂ hkvXpX \ncm-I-cn°p∂ Hcp hymJym-\-Øn-te-°mWv CXv \bn-°p-I. c) CØ-cs - amcp \ne-]mSv k`-bpsS Pohn-XØ - n\p lm\nI-c-am-Imt\ hgn-bp-≈q. ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ ASnÿm-\-]-c-amb alm-c-l-ky-߃ kw_-‘n®pw Ah Ncn{X-kw-`-h-ß-fm-sW-∂Xv kw_-‘n®pw kwibw P\n-∏n°p-∂-XmWv Cu \ne-]m-Sv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, Znhy-Im-cpWy-Øns‚ ÿm]-\hpw {InkvXp-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m-\hpw. Zm¿i-\n-I-amb Hcp hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym\w \sΩ Cßs\ ASn-t®-ev]n-°p-∂p. ssZhØn\p Ncn-{X-Øn¬ {]th-in-°m\pw Ncn-{X-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X\ - mIm\pw Ignbpw F∂Xv \ntj-[n-°p∂ Hcp hymJym-\w. ssZh-imkv{X ]T-\-ß-fn¬ CØ-c-samcp hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym\w kzoI-cn-®m¬, H∂masØ Xe-Øn¬ HXp-ßn-\n¬°p∂ hymJym- X m- ° ƒ°pw hnip- ≤ - e n- J n- X - ß sf Bflo- b hXvIcn-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn\pw CSbn¬ henb Hcp sshcp≤yw D≠m-Ipw. shfn-]m-Sns‚ Ncn{X-kz-`mhw AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-h-cp-tS-XmWv CØcw ssZh-
72
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
im-kv{Xw. CsX√mw BflobPohn-XØ - nepw AP-]m-eI - {- ]-h¿Ø\-ß-fnepw A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp kzm[o\w Xo¿®bmbpw sNep-Øpw. ""c≠m-asØ Xe-Øn-ep≈ At\z-jW-co-Xn-Iƒ ]n≥Xp-Sc - m-ØX - ns‚ ^e-ambn imkv{Xo-ba - mb ss__nƒ hymJym-\-Øn\pw {]m¿∞-\-bpsS Acq-]n-bnep≈ ssZh-h-N-\-]m-cm-b-W-Øn\pw (lectio divina) at≤y \nI-Øm-\m-ImØ Hcp K¿Øw D≠m-Ipw. ssZh-h-N-\-{]tLm-j-W-߃ Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ Ah-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xn\p-th-≠{X hy‡X C√m-Xm-Im≥ CXv Imc-W-am-Imw.''112 k`m-ip-{iq-j-°mbn ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp-∂-h-cpsS _u≤nI cq]o-I-c-W-Øn¬ Aÿn-c-Xbpw Nn¥m-°p-g-∏hpw D≠mIm≥ Cu sshcp≤yw Imc-W-am-tb°m-sa-∂p-IqSn ]d-tb≠n- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Npcp- ° n- ∏ - d - ™ m¬ ""hnip≤- { KŸ hymJym\w ssZh-im-kv{X-am-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬ hnip-≤-en-JnX-߃ ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ Bflm-hm-bn-cn-°n-√. adn®v Ft∏m-gmtWm ssZh-imkv{Xw Xncp-k` AwKo-Ic - n® hnip≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS hymJym\w A√m-Xm-Ip-∂Xv At∏msg√mw ssZh-imkv{Xw ASn-Ø-d-bn-√m-ØXpw BIpw''114 AXp-sIm≠v Cu {]iv\w kw_-‘n®v ssZh-hN - \w F∂ {]amW-tcJ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ IqSp-X¬ {i≤m-]q¿Δw ]Tn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-tfm-Sp≈ kao-]-\-Øn¬ hnizmk-Øn\pw bp‡n-t_m-[-Øn-\p-ap≈ ÿm\w 36. tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ Cu hnjbw kw_-‘n®v "hnizm-khpw bp‡nbpw' (fides et ratio) F∂ Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈Xv hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym-\hpw ssZh-imkv{Xw apgp-h-\p-am-bpap≈ _‘w IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ klm-bn°pw F∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ""Hcp ]T\ k{º-Zmbw am{Xw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
73
°p∂ kXyw Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xn¬ ASn-ÿm-\]-c-amb Hcp A]-I-S-ap-≠v. CXv \mw \n m-c-ambn I≠pIq-Sm. hnip-≤-{KŸ hymJym-Xm-°-sfbpw Xncp-k` apgp-hs\bpw {KŸ-`m-KßfpsS A¿∞w ]q¿Æ-ambn a\- n-em°m≥ klm-bn-°p∂ IqSp-X¬ ka-{K-amb hymJym\w Bh-iy-am-sW∂ hkvXpX Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Hct\z-j-W-amWv AXv. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS ]T-\-Øn¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p-∂-h¿ Ft∏mgpw Hm¿Ωn-®n-cn-t°≠ Hcp hkvXpX D≠v. hnhn[ coXn-bn-ep≈ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-hymJym-\-߃°v Ah-bp-tS-Xmb Zm¿i-\nI ]›m-Øew D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Chsb hnip-≤{- K-Ÿ` - m-Kß - f - psS hymJym\-Øn\v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv icn-bm-b-co-Xnbn¬, k{i≤w Chsb hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v.''115 Zo¿L-ho-£-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu hnNn-¥\w hnip≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS hymJym-\-Øn-eqsS hnip-≤-{K-ŸsØ kao-]n-°p-tºmƒ hnizm-khpw bp‡n-Nn-¥bpw XΩn-ep≈ icn-bmb _‘w Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-ImØ coXn-bn¬ Fßs\ {]I-S-am-Ip∂p F∂p-Im-Wm≥ Ign-bpw. aXsØ Hgn-hm°n-s°m-≠p≈ hnip-≤{- KŸ hymJym\w, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZhw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]th-in-°m\pw am\p-jn-Iamb hm°p-I-fn¬ \tΩmSv kwkm-cn-°m\pap≈ GsXmcp km≤y-Xbpw LS-\m-]-c-ambn Hgn-hm-°m-\p≈ bp‡n-Nn¥-bpsS {ia-Øns‚ ^e-am-Wv. ChnsS bp‡n-Nn-¥bv°v Fhn-Sw-hsc t]mImw, AXns‚ hym]-c-ta-Je F{X hnime-am-°-Ww, F∂p ]d-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.116 Ncn{X]c-amb A]{K-Y-\-Øns‚ coXn kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ a\p-jy-Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-ج ap≥Iq´n \ncm-I-cn-°p∂ bmsXmcp am\-Z-WvUhpw kzoI-cn-®p-Iq-Sm. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßsf hymJym-\n-°p-tºmƒ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Ccp-X-e-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ sFIyw ap≥Iq´n k¶-ev]n°p∂ kml-N-cy-amWv hnizm-khpw bp‡nNn¥bpw XΩnep≈ s]mcp-Øw. Hcp-h-iØv bp‡n-Nn-¥-bp-ambn icn-
74
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
bmb _‘w- ] p- e ¿Øp∂ hnizmkw thW- s a∂v \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p. icn-bmb hnizmkw GXp hnNn-{X-IYbpw hnth-N\wIq-SmsX kzoI-cn°m\p≈ k∂-≤-Xbmbn A[x-]-Xn-°n-√. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßsf kw_-‘n®v CØ-c-Øn¬ A[x-]-Xn-°p∂ hnizm-k-amWv auen-I-hm-Zambn {]Xy- £ - s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v . adp- h - i - Ø v , ss__n- f n¬ ImWp∂ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb LS-I-߃ At\z-j-W-hn-t[-bam-°p-tºmƒ Xs‚ At\z-jW taJ-e-bv°p-]p-d-Øp≈ bmsXm∂pw ap≥Iq¿ X≈n-°-f-bm-Ø, Xpd∂ a\- p-≈, Hcp bp‡n-Nn¥ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. kXyhpw Xs‚ PohnX- Ø n- s ‚bpw Ncn- { X- Ø n- s ‚bpw BXy- ¥ n- I - a mb A¿∞hpw At\z-jn-°p∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw a\p-jy-\mbn Ah-X-cn® hN-\-Øns‚ (logos) aXw XnI®pw bp‡n-kl-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw.
hm°p-I-fpsS A£-cm¿∞hpw Bflobamb A¿∞hpw 37. k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS {KŸ-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hnip-≤en-JnX hymJym-\-tØmSv Ah¿ kzoI-cn® kao-]-\Øn¬\n∂pw hnip-≤-{KŸw icn-bm-b-co-Xn-bn¬ hymJym\n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hne-s∏´ kw`m-h\ e`n°pw F∂v kn\Uv ktΩ-f\w {]Jym-]n-°pI-bp-≠m-bn.117 C∂pw hfsc hne-a-Xn-t°≠ Hcp ssZh-im-kv{X-amWv k`m-]nXm-°-∑m¿ Ah-Xcn∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Imc-Ww, hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xßsf H∂msI I≠v Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂-XmWv B ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ImX¬. {]mY-an-I-ambpw ASn-ÿm\-]-c-ambpw k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ ""hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ hymJymXm°- f mWv.'' 118 Ah- c psS hnip- ≤ - { KŸ hymJym\w ""B[p-\nI hymJym-Xm-°sf hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xßsf bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Fßs\ aX-]-c-ambn kao-]n°mw F∂v ]Tn-∏n-°pw. AXp-t]m-se-X-s∂, ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n \bn°p-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v Ncn-{X-Øn-eqsS bm{X sNøp-∂-Xv.''119
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k`-bpsS A\p-`-h-hp-ambn Ft∏mgpw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂, B A\p-`-h-hp-ambn Iq´mbva ]pe¿Øp∂ am\-Z-WvU߃ ]men-°p∂ Hcp hymJym\w Fßs\ km≤y-am-Ipsa∂pw CXn¬\n∂v ]Tn-°m≥ Ignbpw. B[p-\nI hymJym-Xm-°ƒ°v e`y-amb Ncn-{X-]-chpw `mjm-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb klm-b-߃ e`y-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√¶nepw ]nXm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw a≤y-a-bp-K-ß-fp-sSbpw ]mcº-cy-Øn\v hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS hnhn-[-X-e-ß-fn-ep≈ A¿∞w Xncn-®d - n-bm≥ Ign-™p; ""A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ XpSßn, hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Ønse hm°p-Ifn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp∂ A¿∞hpw hymJym-Xm-°ƒ At\z-jn®p Is≠-Øp∂ A¿∞-hpw. icn-bmb hymJym\w kw_-‘n® N´-߃ ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p Is≠-Øp∂XmWv Cu A¿∞w.''120 DZml-c-W-Øn-\v, hnip≤ tXmakv AIzo-\mkv ]d-bp-∂Xv CXm-Wv. ""hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS F√m A¿∞-ßfpw hm°p-I-fpsS A£cm¿∞sØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈Xm-Wv.''121 ]nXm-°∑ - m-cpsS ImeØpw am≤y-ab - p-Kß - f - nepw F√m-hn-[-Øn-ep-ap≈ hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym-\-ßfpw hnizm-ksØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXpX Hm¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn¬ hmNym¿∞hpw Dƒs∏- S pw. hmNym¿∞hpw Bflo- b - a mb A¿∞hpw XΩn¬ Ft∏mgpw th¿Xn-cnhv D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. a≤y-a-bpK-Ønse Hcp CucSn Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ D≤-cn-°m-hp-∂Xm- W v . hnip- ≤ - e n- J n- X - Ø n\p hnhn[ Xe- ß - f n- e p≈ hyXykvX A¿∞w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv Cu Cuc-Sn: ""hm°p-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv {]h¿Ø\ß-fmWv; F¥p-hn-iz-kn-°Ww F∂v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p, D]-a-Iƒ \mw F¥p sNøWw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv kZm-Nm-ca - qeyw; \mw Ftßm´v t]mIp∂p F∂v Im´n- Ø - c p- ∂ Xv hymJym\w''122 hmNym¿∞hpw Bflobamb A¿∞hpw XΩn-ep≈
76
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
sFIyhpw ]c-kv]-c-_-‘hpw ChnsS \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbpw. Bflobamb A¿∞w aq∂mbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´ncn-°p-∂p. hnizm-k-Øns‚ D≈-S-°w, kZm-Nm-c-Po-hn-Xw, bpKm¥yw kw_-‘n® \ΩpsS {]Xo-£-Iƒ. Npcp°n∏-d-™m¬, Ncn-{X-]-c-amb \ncq-]W hymJym\-Øns‚ km[p-Xbpw Bh-iyhpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Xncn-®dn-bp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w ""hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-hym-Jym\w enJn-X-߃ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ F¥mtWm Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv AXn-t\mSv XnI®pw hniz-kvXX ]pe¿Øp-∂Xv Ah hy‡-am-°p∂ hnizm-k-k-Xy-ß-fpsS Bhn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ ImX-emb AwiØn-te°v IS-∂p-sN-√p-tºmƒ am{X-a-√, \ΩpsS C∂sØ temIsØ hnizm-kØ - ns‚ A\p-`h - t- ØmSv B kXy-߃°p≈ _‘w At\z-jn-°p-tºmgpw B hnizkvXX ]pe¿Øp-∂p-s≠∂v k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS hnip≤-en-JnX hymJym-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v \mw ]Tn-°p-∂p.''123 ssZh-h-N\w kPo-h-am-sW∂pw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ct∏mƒ, Chn-sS, \mw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcmSpw AXv kwkm-cn°p∂p F∂pw, Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Ønte \ap°v Xncn-®-dnbm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. Cu A¿∞-Øn¬, Bflobamb A¿∞-Øn\p s]m¥n-^n-°¬ _nªn-°¬ IΩoj≥ \¬Ip∂ \n¿Δ-N\w ss{IkvX-h-hn-izmkw a\- n-em°p∂ coXn-bn¬, XnI®pw km[p-hm-Wv. ""{InkvXp-hns‚ s]k-lm-c-l-ky-Øn-s‚bpw AXn¬\n∂v {]h-ln-°p∂ ]pXnb Poh-s‚bpw ]›m-Øe - Ø - n¬, ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS am¿§-Z¿i\w A\p-k-cn-®p hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ hmbn-°ptºmƒ Ah-bn¬\n∂p e`n-°p∂ A¿∞w. Cu ]›mØew bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠v. ]pXn-b-\n-baw hnip≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS ]q¿Øo-I-cWw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂Xv CXnem-Wv. Acq-]n-bn-ep≈ Pohn-X-Øns‚ \h-amb ]›m-Øe-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ Hcp ]p\¿hmb-\bv°p hnt[-b-am-t°-≠-Xv, AXn-\m¬ G‰hpw A\ptbm-Py-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p.''124
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""hmNym¿∞-Øn-∂-∏pdw'' t]mtI-≠-Xns‚ Bhiy-IX 38. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS hyXykvX A¿∞-߃ Fßs\ ]c-kv]cw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p, _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p, F∂v ho≠pw Is≠-Øp-tºmƒ A£-c-Øn¬\n∂v Acq]n-bn-te-°p≈ IS-∂p-t]m-I¬ a\- n-em-°pI Ah-iywth≠ Hcp Imcy-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. CXv bmsXmcp _mly CS-s]-Sepw IqSmsX kzbw kw`-hn-°p∂ Hcp IS-∂p-t]mI-e√ - . hmNym¿∞-Øn\v A∏p-dt- Ø°p IS-t°-≠Xv Bhiy-am-bn-hcp∂p. ""ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\sØ, {KŸ-`m-KsØ enJn-X-tØmSv Hcn-°epw Xpe\w sNøm-\m-hn√. ssZh-hN-\-Øn¬ sNs∂-Øm≥ Iptd-°qSn aptºm-´p-t]m-tI≠nbn-cn-°p-∂p, AXn\v Hcp {]{Inb D≠v. hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xßsf samØ-Øn¬ kv]¿in-°p∂ Hcp B¥-cnI Ne-\Øm¬ \nb-{¥n-°s - ∏-Sp∂ H∂mWv Cu {]{In-b. Aßs\ AXpw Hcp kPo-h-{]-{Inb BtI-≠-Xp-≠v.''125 B[n-Imcn-I-ambn hymJym-\n-°p-I-sb∂ {]{Inb Hcn-°epw tImhe-amb Hcp _u≤nI{]hr-Øn-b√; kPo-hhpw k`-bpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn ]q¿Æ-ambn _‘-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amb Hcp {]{In-b-bmWv AXv. k`-bpsS Pohn-X-am-Is´ ""Acq-]n-°SpØ Hcp Pohn-X-amWv'' (K-em. 5:16). ssZh-h-N\w F∂ {]am-Wtc-J-bpsS 12˛mw \º-dn¬ FSpØp]-d-™n-´p≈ am\-Z-WvU-߃ Ct∏mƒ IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-Ip-∂p: Hcp {KŸ-Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw Hcp `mKw th¿s]-Sp-Øn-sb-SpØm¬ AXn¬\n∂v Cu aptºm-´p≈ \o°w D≠mhpIbn√. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ apgp-h-t\mSpw _‘-s∏-SpØn B `mKsØ I≠mte Cu ]ptcm-KXn kw`-hn-°p-I-bp-≈q. \mw aptºm´v \oßp-∂Xv Htc-Hcp e£y-Øn-se-Øn-t®cm-\m-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ Htc-Hcp hN-\-amWv B e£yw. Cu {]{In-b-bn¬ B¥-cn-I-amb Hcp \mSIw \S-°p-∂p≠v. Imc-Ww, ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS i‡n \mw Hmtcm-cp-
78
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Ø-cp-sSbpw kzmX-{¥y-hp-ambn CS-s]-Sp-∂p. hnip≤ ]utemkv Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Cu ]ptcm-K-Xn, Cu IS∂p-t]m-I¬, ]q¿Æ-ambpw A\p-`-hn-®-dn-™p. hnip-≤s‚ Xs∂ hm°p-If - n¬ ""Fgp-Xs - ∏´ \nbaw arXn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p; Bflmhv Pohn-∏n-°p∂p'' (2 tImdn. 3:6). Cu hm°p-Ifn¬ hmNym¿∞- Ø n\∏pd- t Ø°v IS- ° p- ∂ - X ns‚ {]m[m\yw i‡-amb `mj-bn¬ hnip-≤≥ FSp-Øp-]-dbp-∂p. apgp-h≥ enJn-Xß - f - p-sSbpw ]›m-Øe - Ø - nte Hcp ]mT-`mKw {Kln-°m≥ Ignbq. ""kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ Bflmhn\v Hcp t]cp-s≠∂v'' ]utemkv Is≠-Øn. "AXpsIm≠v B kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v Hcp B¥-cn-I-am-\-Z-WvU-ap≠v.' "I¿Ømhv Bflm-hm-Wv. I¿Øm-hns‚ Bflm-hp≈n-SØv kzmX{¥y-ap≠v' (2 tImdn. 3:17). hymJym-Xm-hns‚ kz¥w Bi-btam kz¥w ImgvN-∏mtSm A√ kzmX-{¥yØns‚ Bflm-hv. Bflmhv {InkvXp-hmWv; {InkvXp \ap°v hgn-Im-´p∂ I¿Øm-hm-Wv.126 ""Cu hN-\-`mKw Htck-abw \mS-Io-bhpw kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip-∂X - p-ambn hnip≤ BKkvXo-t\m-kn\pw A\p-`-h-s∏-´p. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ BZyw ]c-kv]cw _‘-an-√m-ØXpw — NnebnS-ß-fn¬ - s - ∏-´p. F∂m¬ A]-cn-jvIr-Xh - p-ambn — hnip-≤\v A\p-`h {ItaW hmNym¿∞-Øn-∂-∏pdw t]mIpI F∂ {]{In-bhgn hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p. Cu hymJym-\-coXn hnip≤ Awt{_m-kn¬\n∂mWv AK- à n≥ A`ykn- ® - X v . kqN- t Im- ] - t Z- i sØ (typology) B[m-c-am-°n-bp≈ hymJym-\-amWv hnip≤ Awt{_mkv \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Cu kao-]-\-Øn¬ ]g-b\n-baw apgp-h\pw tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-te-°p≈ Hcp ]mXbm-Wv. hnip≤ BKkvXo-t\m-kn\pw hmNym¿∞-Øn-∂∏p-d-tØ°p IS-°m≥ Ign-™-t∏mƒ hm°p-IƒXs∂ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-am-bn. Xs‚-bp-≈n¬ A\p-`-h-s∏´ Akzÿ-Xbv°pw kXy-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Zml-Øn\pw ]cn-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
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lmcw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ Is≠-Ø-Ww. Ah-km\w At±-l-ØXn-\p-I-gn-™p.127
ss__n-fns‚ B¥-cnI sFIyw 39. A£-c-Øn¬\n∂pw Acq-]n-bn-te-°p≈ {]bm-WØn¬ F√m hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fp-sSbpw sFIyw \mw a\ n-em-°p-∂p. k`-bpsS al-Ømb ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬\n∂psIm-≠mWv CXv km[n-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ sh√p-hn-fn-°p-Ibpw am\-km-¥c - Ø - n-te°v \sΩ \nc-¥cw £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-Øn-emWv hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS sFIyw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. 128 ChnsS lyqhnse hnip≤ hnIvS-dns‚ hm°p-Iƒ icnbmb hgn-Im-´n-Ø-cp∂ am¿§-Z¿in-bm-Wv. ""F√m hnip-≤en-Jn-X-ßfpwIqSn Hcp ]pkvX-I-am-Wv; Cu ]pkvXIw {InkvXp-hmWv; {InkvXp-hn-s\-∏‰n kwkm-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]pkvX-Iw; CXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-Whpw {InkvXp-hn-emWv.''129 Ncn-{X-]-c-ambpw kmln-Xy-]-c-ambpw t\m°n-bm¬ ss_-_nƒ Hcp ]pkvX-I-a√ F∂p hy‡w. Bbn-ctam AXn-e-[n-Itam h¿j-߃°n-S°v cNn-°-s∏´ kmln-XyIr-Xn-I-fpsS Hcp kam-lm-c-amWv ss__nƒ. AXnse Hmtcm {KŸ-hp-sa-Sp-Øm¬ ss__n-fn\v Hcp B¥-cnI sFIy-ap-≈-Xmbn tXm∂n-√. t\tc-a-dn®v ]c-kv]c hncp≤-amb Imcy-߃ hyXykvX IrXn-I-fn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂pap≠v. ss{IkvX-h¿ ]g-b-\n-baw F∂phn-fn-°p∂ C{km-tb-ens‚ ss__n-fn¬Xs∂ Cu s]mcp-Ø-t°-SpIƒ {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. ss{IkvX-h-cmb \mw ]pXnb \nbahpw AXnse {KŸ-ßfpw C{km-tb-ens‚ ss__nƒ a\- n--em-°m-\p≈ Hcp D]m-[n-bmbn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øptºmƒ Cu s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-Iƒ Ipsd-°qSn hy‡-am-Ipw. {InkvXp-hn-te°v \bn-°p∂ ]mX-bmWv ]g-b\ - n-baw F∂ kao-]-\-Øn-emWv ]pXn-b-\n-b-asØ ]g-b-\n-b-a-hp-ambn
80
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
\mw _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ A[nIw D]-tbm-Kn-°mØ Hcp ]Z-amWv "enJnXw' (hn-ip-≤-en-JnXw) (cf. tdm-am. 4:3; 1 ]t{Xm. 2:6). "hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃' F∂mWv ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ {]mtbW {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂Xv (cf. a-Øm. 21:43; tbml. 5:39; tdmam. 1:2; 2 ]t{Xm. 3:16). enJn-X-߃ F∂ _lp-h-N-\-cq-]-amWv D]-tbm-Kn°p-∂s - X-¶nepw Ah-sb-√mw-IqSn ssZhw \tΩmSv ]d-bp∂ H‰-hm-°m-bn, hN-\a - m-bn, Icp-Xs - ∏-Sp-∂p.130 GI "hN-\hp'ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - ƒs°√mw sFIyw \¬Ip-∂Xv {InkvXp F∂ hy‡n-bm-sW∂pw CXv hniZ-am-°p-∂p. ssZh-hN - \w F∂ {]t_m-[\ - t- c-Jb - nse 12˛mw \º¿ Cu coXn-bn¬ {Kln-°m≥ \ap°v Ign-bpw. apgph≥ ss__n-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ B¥-cnI sFIyw hnizmk-Øns‚ icn-bm-b, hnip-≤{- K-Ÿm-[n-jvTn-Xa - mb, hymJym\- Ø n- \ p≈ am\- Z - W v U - a mWv F∂- X n- t e- ° mWv CXv hnc¬Nq-≠p-∂-Xv.
]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w 40. {Inkv X p- h n¬ hnip- ≤ - e n- J n- X - ß ƒ°p≈ Cu sFIy- Ø ns‚ ]›m- Ø - e - Ø n¬ ssZh- i m- k v { X--⁄ ∑m¿°pw AP-]m-e-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-h¿°pw Hcpt]mse ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w kw_-‘n® Ah-t_m[w D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ]pXn-b-\n-b-aw-Xs∂ ]g-b-\n-b-asØ ssZh-h-N-\-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-s≠∂v hy‡-am-Wv. CXv BZyta a\ n-em-°W - w. Aßs\ blq-Zc - psS hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - f - psS B[n-Im-cn-IX AwKo-I-cn-°-pIbpw sNøp∂p.131 ]g-b-\nb-a-Ønse `mj-Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠pw IqsS-°qsS ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse ]mT-`m-K-ßsf ]cm-a¿in-®p-sIm≠pw ]tcm-£-ambn ]pXn-b-\n-baw CXv AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. hmZ-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
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KXn- I ƒ°v ASn- ÿ m- \ - a mbn ]g- b - \ n- b - a - Ø n¬\n∂v At\Iw D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ \¬Ip-I-hgn {]Xy-£-ambpw CXv AwKo- I - c n- ° p- ∂ p. ]pXn- b - \ n- b - a - Ø n¬ ]g- b - \ n- b - a Øn¬\n∂v D≤-cn-°p∂ ]mT-`m-K-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°nbp≈ hmZ-Øn\p XnI®pw am\p-jnIw am{X-amb hmZ-sØ°mƒ \n¿Æm-bI ta∑bp-≠v. \mem-asØ kphn-ti-jØn¬ ""hnip-≤-en-JnXw \nd-th-dm-Xn-cn-°n-√-t√m'' F∂v tbip ]d-bp∂p (tbm-l. 10:35). ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse shfn]mSv ss{IkvX-h-cmb \sΩ kw_-‘n®pw km[p-hmsW∂v hnip≤ ]utemkv ]d-bp∂p (cf. tdm-am. 15:4; 1 tImdn. 10:11).132 ""\k-dm-b-\mb tbip Hcp blq-Z-\m-bncp∂p F∂pw k`-bpsS P∑-`qan hnip-≤\ - m-Sp-If - m-sW∂pw \Ωfpw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p.''133 ss{IkvX-h-a-X-Øns‚ thcpIƒ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-emWv; ss{IkvX-h-aXw \nc-¥-c-ambn ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂Xpw Cu thcp-Iƒh-gn-bm-Wv. AXpsIm≠v am¿knb-\nk-Øns‚ F√m B[p-\nI cq]-ßsfbpw icn-bmb ss{IkvXh {]t_m-[\w sNdp-Øn-´p-≠v. ]g-b-\n-baw hnhn-[-co-Xn-bn¬ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-s\-Xn-cmsW∂ ImgvN-∏m-SmWv am¿knb-\n-k-Øn-\p-≈-Xv.134 IqSm-sX, ]pXn-b-\n-b-aw-Xs∂ AXv ]g-b-\n-b-a-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-´p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-sW∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw ac-W-Ønepw Db¿sØ-gpt∂-ev]nepw, Cu alm-c-l-kyßfn¬, blq-Z-P-\-Øns‚ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ kºq¿Æ-ambpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw ]pXn-b-\n-baw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. "hnip≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS ]q¿Øo-I-cWw' F∂ Bibw k¶o¿Æ-am-sW∂ Imcyw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Imc-Ww, CXn\v aq∂v hyXy-kvX-am-\-ß-fp-≠v. ]g-b\n-b-a-Ønse shfn-]mSns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv (continuity) ]pXn-b\ - n-baw F∂ ASnÿm-\-]-c-amb hkvXpX; c≠pw c≠m-sW∂ hkvXpX (discontinuity); ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-en-s‚bpw AXo-{μ-nb-Xz-
82
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Øn-s‚bpw am\w (fulfilment and transcendence). ]g-b-\n-ba-Ønse _en-A¿∏n-°e - ns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv {InkvXp-hns‚ Znhy-c-lkyw ˛ _en-bpsS Dt±iw kw_-‘n-®mWv Cu ss\c-¥-cyw. F∂m¬ CXv kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv hfsc hyXykvXa - mb coXn-bn-em-Wv. At\Iw {]h-N\ - ß - f - psS ]q¿ØoI-c-W-am-bmWv CXv kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ apsºm-cn°epw D≠m-bn-´n-√mØ Hcp ]cn-]q¿ÆX Cu ]pXn-b-\nb-a-Ønse _en-°p-≠m-bn. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ÿm]-\]camb `mhhpw {]h- N - \ - Ø nt‚Xmb `mhhpw XΩn¬ [mcmfw kwL¿j-ßf - p-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. {InkvXp-hns‚ s]klm-c-l-kyw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fnse {]h-N-\-ß-fp-ambpw kqN-\-I-fp-ambpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw s]mcpØw \ne-\n¿Øp∂p-≠v. ap≥Iq-´n-Im-Wm≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp coXn-bn-em-sW¶n¬°qSn Cu s]mcpØw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AtX-k-a-bwXs∂ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse ÿm]nXm-Nmc-ß-fp-ambn H´pw s]mcp-Ø-an-s√-∂Xpw hy‡-am-Wv. 41. ss{IkvX-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]g-b-\n-b-aØn\v A\-\y-amb {]m[m-\y-ap-s≠∂p ImWn-°p-∂-XmWv Cu hnNn-¥-\-߃. AtX-k-a-bw-Xs∂ {InkvXp-hn⁄m\o-b-amb hymJym-\-Øns‚ ]pXp-abpw CXv shfn-s∏-SpØp-∂p. At∏m-kvXe - ∑ - m-cpsS Imew-sXm-´p-Xs∂ Xncp-k` AXns‚ kPoh ]mc-ºc - y-Øn¬ kqN-tIm-]t- Zi hymJym\-Øn-eqsS ]gb \nb-aØ - nepw ]pXnb \nb-aØ - nepw {]IS- a m- I p- ∂ Xv ssZh- Ø ns‚ Htc ]≤- X n- b mWv F∂ hkvXpX Du∂n-∏d - ™ n-´p≠v; Cu {]{Inb B¿°pw X∂n„-{]-Imcw ]n¥p-Sc - m-hp∂ H∂-√. hnip≤{KŸ-Øn¬ hnhcn-°p∂ kw`-h-ß-fp-ambn B¥-cn-I-_‘w ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcp hymJym-\-co-Xn-bmWv CXv. A-ßs\ AXp hnip-≤en-Jn-X-ßsf apgp-h≥ Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. ""kqN-tIm-]-tZiw (typology) ]gb\nb-a-Ønse ssZhØns‚ {]h¿Ø\ß-fn¬ Ime-Øns‚ XnI-hn¬ a\p-jy-\m-bn-∏n-d∂ ssZh-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
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]p- { X≥ ]q¿Øo- I - c n® F√m {]h¿Ø\- ß - f p- s Sbpw ap≥Iq¿ kqN\ ImWp∂p.''135 ss{I-kvX-h¿ ]gb\nbaw hmbn-°p-∂Xv Ipcn-ip-a-cWw hcn-°p-Ibpw Dbn¿sØ-gpt∂¬°p-Ibpw sNbvX {InkvXp-hns‚ shfn-®-Øn-emWv. ]pXnb\nb-a-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ \n∂pt\m°p-tºmƒ kqN-tIm-]t- Z-ic - o-Xn-bn-ep≈ hymJym\w ]g-b\ - n-ba - Ø - n¬ hfscb[nIw hkvXp-X-Iƒ AS-ßn-bn-´ps≠∂v hy‡-am°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw; ]gb\nb-a-Øn\v shfn-]m-sS∂\nebn¬ AXn-t‚-Xmb aqey-aps≠∂ hkvXpX \mw hnkvacn-°-cpXv. CXv I¿Ømhv Xs∂ FSpØp]d-™n-´p-≈XmWv (cf. a¿t°m. 12:29˛31). C°m-c-W-Øm¬ ""]g-b-\nb-a-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn-emWv ]pXnb\nbaw hmbn-t°≠Xv. ss{IkvXh aX-t_m-[\w \nc-¥cw ]g-b\ - n-ba - sØ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p'' (cf. 1 tImdn. 5:6˛8; 1 tImdn. 10:1˛11).136 ""blq-Z¿ ss__n-fns\ Fßs\ a\- n-em°p∂p F∂Xv hnip≤enJn-X-߃ ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\pw a\ n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw ss{IkvX-h¿°v klm-b-I-amImw.'' F∂v kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ]d-™Xv Cu Imc-W-ØmemWv . 137 ""]g- b - \ n- b - a w ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ A¥¿`hn®ncn°p∂p. ]p-Xnb-\nb-aamIs´ ]g-b-\n-b-asØ shfn®-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp∂p''138 F∂v hnip≤ AK-kvXo-t\mkv kq£vaZ- r-jvSn-tbmsS Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p. AXp-sIm≠v ]gb \nb-ahpw ]pXnb\nb-ahpw XΩn-ep≈ KmV-amb _‘w hy‡-ambn shfn-®-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-tc-≠Xv AP]m-e\ - - km-lN - c - y-ßf - nepw ]T-\t- h-Zn-If - nepw hfsc {]m[m\y- a ¿ln- ° p∂p. ""]g- b - \ n- b aw hmKv Z m\w sNbv X Xv ]pXnb\nbaw Zriy-am°n; ]g-b-\n-baw \nKqV-amb coXnbn¬ ]d-™p-h® - Xv ]pXnb\nbaw h¿Ø-am-\I - m-eØv \S°p-∂X - p-t]mse Xpd-∂p-{]-Jym-]n-°p∂p. AXp-sIm≠v ]gb-\n-baw, ]pXn-b\nbaw kw_-‘n® Hcp {]h-N-\-amWv ]pXn- b - \ n- b - a - a mWv ]g- b - \ n- b - a - Ø ns‚ G‰hpw \√
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I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hnhcWw.'' F∂v alm-\mb hnip≤ {KnKdn ]d-™-Xn\v A\p-kr-X-amWv Cu kao-]\w.139
ss__n-fnse ""Ccp-f-S™'' ]mT-`m-K-߃ 42. ]gb\nb-ahpw ]pXnb\nb-ahpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w N¿®-sN-øp-tºmƒ ss__n-fns‚ Nne ]mT-`m-K-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ A{I-ahpw Ak-∑m¿§n-I-Xbpw B ]mT-`m-Kßsf Ahy-‡hpw {Kln-°m≥ {]bm-k-ap-≈-Xp-am-°nØo¿°p∂p F∂Xpw kn\Uv N¿®-sNbvXp. ChnsS \mw Hm¿Ωn-®n-cn-t°≠ H∂m-asØ Imcyw ss__n-fnse shfn]mSv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Bg-Øn¬ thtcm-Sn-bn-´p-≈-XmWv F∂t{X. ssZh-Øns‚ ]-≤Xn ]Sn-]-Sn-bm-bn-´mWv shfns∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. a\p-jys‚ sNdp-Øp-\n-ev]p-≠m-bn-´p-IqSn ]e L´-ß-fn-em-bn-´v Cu shfn-∏-Sp-ج ]q¿Øn-bm-°s∏-´n-´p-ap≠v. ssZhw Hcp P\sØ sXc-s™-SpØp. Ah¿°v am¿§-Z¿i\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw hnZym-`ymkw \evIp-∂Xn\pw £am-]q¿Δw ssZhw ]cn-{i-an®p. hnZq-c-amb ImeL-´-ß-fnse kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb Xe߃°v A\p-tbm-Py-amw-hn-[-amWv shfn-]mSv D≠m-bn-´p≈Xv. AXp-sIm≠v AØcw IrXy-ß-fpsS Akm-∑m¿§nI-Xsb Xpd∂p X≈n-∏-d-bmsX NXn, Ir{Xnaw, {Iqc-IrXy-߃, Iq´-s°me XpS-ßnb kw`-h-ß-tfbpw, BNm-cß-tfbpw hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v. Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-eØn¬ CXp hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw. F¶nepw C°mesØ A\p-hm-N-I¿°v CXv kw{`aw D≠m-°n-tb°mw, {]tXy-In®pw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ \ΩpsS Ime-L´- Ø - nepw \S-°p∂, At\Iw ""Ccp≠ kw`-hß - ƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-°m-Ø-h-cmWv Ah-sc-¶n¬. ]g-b-\n-b-aØn¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS hm°pIƒ F√m-Øcw A\o-Xntbbpw A{I-aß - sfbpw i‡-ambn sh√p-hn-fn-®n-cn-°p∂p. A{I-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw Hcp hy‡n-bp-tS-Xm-Is´ kaq-l-
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Øn-t‚-Xm-Is´ AXns\ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ tNmZyw sNbvXncp∂p. A{]-Imcw kphn-ti-j-Øn-\mbn P\sØ ]cn-ioen-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZhw Xnc-s™-SpØ am¿§-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. AXp-sIm≠v hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fnse CØcw ]mT`m-K-߃ Ah {]iv\-߃ \nd-™-XmWv F∂-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Ah-KW - n-°p-∂Xv icn-bm-bn-cn-°p-In√. t\tc-ad - n®v, CØcw ]mT-`m-K-߃ hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn\v {]tXyI sshZKv≤yw Bh-iy-amWv F∂v \mw a\ nem-t°-≠Xp≠v. Ncn-{X-Øn-s‚bpw kmln-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw ]›m-Øe-Øn¬ ss{IkvX-h-Im-gvN-∏m-Sn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v ]mT-`mK-߃ hymJym-\n-°m-\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-eqsS t\tS-≠XmWv Cu sshZKv≤yw. Cu ss{IkvXh ImgvN-∏m-SmWv, ""kphn-ti-jhpw s]k-lm-cl - k - y-Øn-eqsS tbip-{InkvXp sIm≠p-h∂ ]pXnb Iev]-\bpw a\- n-em-°m-\p≈; B hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ Ad Xpd-°m-\p≈, hnip-≤-en-JnX hymJym-\-Øns‚ Ah-km-\sØ Xm-t°m¬.140 Cu ]mT`m-K-ßsf, {InkvXp-hm-Ip∂ Znhy-c-l-ky-Øns‚ shfn-®Øn¬ A¿∞w a\- n-em-°m-\m-Ip∂ Hcp hymJym-\-ØneqsS kao-]n-°p-hm≥ F√m hnizm-kn-I-tfbpw klm-bn°-W-sa∂v ]WvUn-X-∑mscbpw AP-]m-e-I-scbpw Rm≥ DXvt_m-[n-∏n-°p∂p.
ss{IkvX-hcpw blq-Zcpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßfpw 43. ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXnb\nb-ahpw XΩn-ep≈ KmVamb _‘w ]cn-tim-[n-®-tijw, kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ss{IkvX-hcpw blq-Zcpw XΩn-ep≈ khn-ti-j-amb _‘-Ønte°v \mw {i≤-Xn-cn-°p∂p. Cu _‘w Hcn-°epw AhK-Wn-®p-IqSm. tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ blq-Z-∑mtcmSv kwkm-cn-®-t∏mƒ, Ahsc, ""\ΩpsS ]nXm-hmb A{_m-l-ans‚ hnizm-k-Øn¬ \ΩpsS {]nb-s∏´ ktlmZ-c-∑m¿'' F∂p hnfn®p.141 Cu hkvXpX AwKo-I-cn-°p-
86
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
∂Xv ]gb\nb-a-Ønse ÿm]nXmNmcß-fp-ambn XpS¿® C√ F∂v ]pXnb\nbaw FSp-Øp-]-d-bp∂ kμ¿`-ßsf IW- ° n- s e- S p°- c pXv, F∂v A¿∞- a m- ° p- ∂ n√. hnip≤enJn-X-߃ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv tbip-{InkvXp-hm-Ip∂ Znhy-c-l-ky-ß-fn-em-sW∂ hkvXp-Xbpw Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠√ tbip-{InkvXp anin-lmbpw, ssZh]p-{X-\p-am-sW∂v AwKo-Ic - n-®p-sIm-≠mWv CXv ]d-bp-∂Xv. AXp-t]mse Ccp \nb-aß - fpw XΩn¬ ASn-ÿm-\] - c - a - mbn Bg-ta-dnb hyXym-k-߃ Ds≠-¶nepw Ah ]ckv]cw i{XpX ]pe¿Øp∂p F∂v A¿∞- a n√. hnip≤ ]utemkns‚ amXrI (cf. tdmam. 9:11) \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂Xv: ""blq-Z-P-\-X-tbm-Sv, BZ-c-hn-s‚bpw aXn-∏n-s‚bpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw Acq-]n-bn¬ h¿Øn-°pI F∂-XmWv {InkvXo-b-amb GI at\m-`mhw F∂-t{X. C∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬, apgp-h≥ {Inbm-fl-I-amb ssZhn-I-]-≤Xn-bpsS cl-ky-Øns‚ `mK-am-WXv.-'' blq-Z-∑m-sc-∏‰n At±lw ]d-bp-∂Xv CXmWv. ""sXc-s™-Sp∏v kw_-‘n®m-Is´, Ah-cpsS ]q¿Δn-I-sc-{]Xn Ah¿ kvt\l-`m-P\-ßf - mWv. Fs¥-∂m¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-ßfpw hnfnbpw ]n≥h-en-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X√'' (tdmam. 11:28,29). ss{IkvXh - cpw blq-Zcpw XΩn-ep≈ KmV-amb _‘w hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v hnip≤ ]utemkv Henhv hr£-Øns‚ at\m-l-c-amb D]a {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. hnPm-Xo-bcpsS k` Im´nse Hcp Henhv sNSn-t]m-se-bmWv DS-º-SnbpsS P\-amb \√ HenhpsNSn-bn¬ Cu Im´v Hen-hnt\ H´n- ° p∂p, {Km^v ‰ p sNøp∂p ( cf. tdmam. 11:17˛24). thsdmcpcoXn-bn¬ ]d-™m¬, \sΩ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂Xv Htc Bflob thcp-I-fmWv. Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Nne \nanj-ßf - n¬ kwL¿j-Øns‚ _‘w ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂h - cpw F∂m¬ C∂v imiz-X-amb kulr-Z-Øns‚ ]me-߃ ]Wn-bm≥ Dd® {]Xn-_-≤-X-bp-≈-h-cp-amb ktlm-Z-co-k-
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tlm-Z-c-∑m-sc-t∏mse \mw ]c-kv]cw I≠p-ap-´p∂p, CSs]-Sp∂p.143 as‰mc-h-k-c-Øn¬ tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ Cßs\ ]d™p: ""\ap°v Ht´sd Imcy-߃ s]mXp-hm-bp≠v, \mw kl-I-cn®v {]h¿Øn-®m¬ kam[m-\-Øn\pw \oXn°pw Iptd-°qSn kulm¿±hpw a\p-jyXz-hp-ap≈ Hcp temI-Øn-\p-wth≠n Ht´sd Imcy-߃ sNøp-hm≥ Ignbpw.''144 blq-Z-cp-am-bp≈ N¿®Iƒ Xncp-k` F{X-am{Xw hnea-Xn-°p∂p F∂v Hcn-°¬°qSn FSp-Øp-]d - b - p-hm≥ Rm\m{K-ln-°p∂p. DNn-X-amb kμ¿`-ß-fn-se√mw ]c-ky-ambpw hy‡n-I-sf∂\ne-bnepw I≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xn\pw Bi-b-hn-\nabw \S-Øp-∂X - n\pw Ah-kc - ß - ƒ krjvSn-°p-∂Xv \∂mbn-cn°pw. Aßs\ ]c-kv]cw Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw ]c-kv]c-_l - p-am-\hpw kl-Ic - W - hpw hf¿Øp-∂X - n\pw Ignbpw. AXp-t]mseXs∂, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS ]T-\-Øn-eqsS ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Adnhv hf¿Øp∂-Xn\pw km[n-°pw.
auen-I-hm-Z]c-amb hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-hym-Jym\w 44. ss__nƒ hymJym\w kw_-‘n-®p≈ hyXy-kvXk-ao-]-\-ß-fn¬ {i≤ ]Xn-∏n-®- \ap°v kn\Un¬ ]et∏mgpw N¿®-sN-ø-s∏´ as‰mcp hnjbw Ct∏mƒ ]cn-tim[n-°m≥ Ignbpw: auen-I-hm-Z]c-amb hnip-≤-en-Jn-X hymJym-\-coXn.145 s]m¥n-^n-°¬ _nªn-°¬ IΩo-j≥ ss__nƒ hymJym\w k`-bn¬, F∂ {]am-W-tc-J-bn¬ kp{]-[m-\-amb Nne am¿§-\n¿t±-i-߃ \evIn-bn-´p≠v. hnip≤{KŸ-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cn-I-Xsb am\n-°mØ Nne kao-]-\-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bmWv F\n°v ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv. Ah¿ hy‡n-K-Xhpw \nc-¶p-i-hp-amb coXn-bn¬ ]mT-`m-K-߃ hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xns\ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂p. ""A£cm¿∞-Øneq-∂nb'' auen-I-amb hym-Jym\w bYm¿∞Øn¬ {KŸ-Øns‚ hmNym¿∞-tØbpw Bflo-b-amb
88
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
s]mcp-fn-t\bpw H‰n-s°m-Sp-°p-Ib - mWv sNøp-∂Xv. hnhn[ coXn-bn-ep≈ Ir{Xna hymJym-\-cq-]-߃°v CXv hgn-Xpd°p∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v k`mhn-cp-≤-amb hnip≤ enJnX-hym-Jym-\-߃ Ah¿ {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂p. ""auen-I-hm-Z]camb hymJym- \ - Ø nse ASn- ÿ m- \ - ] - c - a mb {]iv \ w ss__n-fnse shfn-]m-Sns‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb kz`mhw IW°n-se-Sp-°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv. AXp-sIm≠v a\p-jym-h-Xmc-Øn-s‚-t]mepw ]q¿Æ-amb kXyw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ CØcw hymJym-\-߃°v Ign-bmsXt]mIp∂p. ssZhhp-am-bp≈ _‘-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw a\p-jycpw ssZhhpw XΩn-ep≈ ASp-∏-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sm-\mWv auen-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ {ian-°p-∂Xv.... C°m-c-W-Øm¬ ]cn-ip≤m-cq]n Hmtcm hm°pw ]d-™p-sIm-SpØv Fgp-Xn®p F∂ coXn-bn¬ Ah¿ {KŸsØ ssIImcyw sNøp∂p. hnhn[ Ime-L-´-ß-fnse `mjbpw Bhn-jvI-c-W-co-Xn-Ifpw A\pk-cn-®mWv ssZh-hN - \w cq]w {]m]n-®n-´p-≈Xv F∂Xv Xncn®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√.''146 t\tcadn®v, ss{IkvX-h-a-X-amIs´, hm°p-I-fn¬, a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ k¶o¿Æ-Xbnepw bm-Ym¿∞y-ØnepwIqSn Xs‚ Znhy-c-lkyw shfns∏-Sp-Øp∂ hN-\-sØ-Øs∂ (logos) ImWp∂p.147 hN\sØ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p. auen-I-hm-Zn-I-fpsS kao-]-\-tØmSp≈ icn-bmb {]Xn-I-cWw ""hnizm-k-\n¿`-c-amb hnip≤-en-JnX hymJym-\-amWv.'' CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hym-Jym\w ""{]mNo-\I - mew apXte Xncp-k`- b - psS ]mc-ºc - y-Øn¬ \nehn-en-cp∂p. km[mW hy‡n-]-c-ambn Hmtcm ss{IkvX-hhn-izm-kn-°pw -th-≠nbpw k`-bv°p-th-≠nbpw c£-Wo-bamb k-XysØ tXSp-hm-\m-bn-cp∂p AXns‚ {iaw. hnip≤-{KŸw kw_-‘n® ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb aqeyw AXv Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Hcp km£yw F∂ \nebv°v hnip-≤-{K-Ÿm-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]mc-º-cyØn\v aqey-ap-≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv C∂sØ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
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Pohn-X-Øn-\mbn hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS kPo-h-amb A¿∞w Is≠-Øm≥ Cu hym-Jym\w {ian-°p-∂Xv.''148 AtXkabw, {]tNm-Zn-X-amb {KŸ-Øn-t‚bpw kmln-Xyhn-`m-K-Øn-t‚bpw am\p-jn-I-amb a≤yÿw Ah-K-Wn-°p∂p-an√.
AP-]m-e-I¿, ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄¿, hnip-≤enJnX hymJym-Xm-°ƒ ˛ Ch¿ XΩn-ep≈ kwhmZw 45. hnizmkw kw_-‘n®p≈ B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp hnip≤-{K-Ÿ-hym-Jym\Øn\v k`-bpsS AP-]m-e-\-{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kp{]-[m-\-amb ]e A\-¥-c-^-e-߃ D≠mIpw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, AP-]m-e-Icpw hymJym-Xm°fpw ssZh- i m- k v { X- ⁄ cpw ]c- k v ] cw IqSp- X ¬ ASpØ_‘w ]pe¿Ø-W-sa∂v kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Xs∂ ip]m¿i-sNbvXp. ""ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ ip{iq-jbn¬ IqSp-X¬ Iq´mbva D≠m-°pI F∂ Dt±-i-tØm-SpIqSn''149 sa{Xm≥k-an-Xn-Iƒ°v CØcw HØp-tN-cepIƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ignbpw. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ kl-I-cWw apgp-h≥ k`-bp-sSbpw \∑-°mbn Xß-fpsS tPmen IqSpX¬ ^e-{]-Z-ambn \n¿Δ-ln-°m≥ F√m-h-scbpw klmbn°pw. ]WvUn-X-∑msc kw_-‘n®pw Cu AP-]m-e-\k-ao-]\w KpW-I-c-am-bn-cn°pw. \ΩpsS \nXy-c-£-°pth≠n I¿Ømhv \ap°v \evIp∂ ktμ-i-amWv F∂ Xncn-®-dn-thmsS thWw Ah¿ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßsf kao]n-°p-hm≥. "ssZh-h-N\w' F∂ {]amW-tc-J-bn¬ ]dbp-∂Xv CXmWv; ""ItØm-en-°-cmb hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-hymJym-Xm-°fpw ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ taJ-eb - n¬ {]h¿Øn°p-∂-hcpw D’m-l-tØmsS ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn®pw k`bpsS {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Im-c-Øns‚ kq£va-amb ta¬t\m-´Ønepw {]h¿Øn-°Ww. ssZh-P-\-Øn\v hnip-≤-en-Jn-
90
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X-sa∂ t]mj-Im-lmcw ^e-{]-Z-ambn e`yam-°p-∂-Xn\v, ssZh-h-N-\-ip-{iq-j-Isc ]c-am-h[n i‡-cm-°m≥ Ignbp∂ coXn-bn¬, A\p-tbm-Py-amb kmt¶-Xn-I-co-Xn-Iƒ kzoI-cn®v, Ah¿ Iq´mbn hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-`m-K-߬ ]cn-tim[n-°p-Ibpw hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p-Ib - pw-sN-øm≥ Hcp-sº-SWw. Cu t]mj-Im-lmcw a\- n\p shfn®w ]I-cp∂p, C—m-i‡n°p _ew-\¬Ip∂p, P\-ßfpsS lrZ-b-ßsf ssZhkvt\-l-Øm¬ Pzen-∏n-°p∂p.''150
ss__nfpw FIyp-sa-\n-khpw 46. a\p-jym-hX - mcw sNbvX ssZh-hN - \ - a - mb {InkvXphn-emWv k`-bpsS AkvXn-hmcw F∂ Ah-t_m-[-tØmsS {InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw sFIyØns‚ ]q¿Æ-amb Bhn-jvI-cWw e-£y-am-°n-s°m≠v, k`m˛sFIy-Øn-\m-bp≈ kwhm-Z-Øn¬ hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-]T-\Ø - n-\p≈ {]ap-Jÿ m\w Du∂n-∏d - b - m≥ kn\Uv B{Kln®p.151 Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ H∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Aßs\ temIw hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn\pwth≠n ]nXm-hn-t\mSv tbip \S-Øp∂ lrZ-b-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ {]m¿∞\ hnip≤-{K-ŸØ - n¬X-s∂-bp≠v (cf. tbml. 17:21). hnip≤ enJnX-߃ hmbn®ptIƒ°p-Ibpw Ah-sb-∏‰n Iq´mbn [ym\n°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ ]q¿Æ-a-s√-¶nepw bYm¿∞-Ønep≈ Hcp Iq´mbva A\p-`-h-s∏Spw F∂ \ΩpsS t_m≤ysØ IqSp-X¬ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv ta¬∏d-™-sX- \w hmbn-®p-tIƒ-°p-∂Xv kvt\√mw.152 ""Iq´mbn ssZh-hN l-Øns‚ kwhm-Z-Øn-te°v \oßm≥ \sΩ DtØ-Pn∏n°pw; kXy-Øn-\m-bp≈ kwhmZw hf-cm≥ klm-bn-°pIbpw sNøpw.''153 Iq´mbn ssZh-h-N\w hmbn-®p-tIƒ- n¬ °pI, ⁄m\-hmb\bpsS (lectio divina) A¥-co-£Ø Znhy-h-N\w {ihn-°pI, Hcn-°epw Ime-l-c-W-s∏-SmØ ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ \nXy-\q-X-\-`mhw \Ωn-te-°n-d-ßm≥
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
91
kzbw A\p-h-Zn-°pI, \ΩpsS A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw ap≥hn[n-If - p-ambn s]mcp-Øs - ∏-SmØ hN-\t- ØmSpIm´p∂ _[nc-X-sb AXn-Po-hn°pI, F√m bpK-ß-f-nsebpw hnizmkn-I-fp-ambn Iq´mbva ]pe¿Øn-s°m≠v ssZh-h-N\w tIƒ°p-Ibpw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI — CsX√mw ssZhh-N\w {ihn®v AXn-t\m-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-ambn hnizm-kØns‚ sFIy-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm-\p≈ am¿§sØ {]Xn\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂p.154 CXp kw_-‘n®v c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv hy‡-amWv. ""Znhy-c-£-I≥ F√mh¿°pw \evIm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ B sFIyw t\Sp-∂Xn\v k`m˛sFIy˛ kwhm-Z-Øn¬Xs∂, hnip≤ enJn-X-߃, ssZh-Øns‚ i‡-amb Icßfn¬ hne-s∏´ Hcp-]-I-cW-amWv.''155 AXp-sIm≠v k`m-sF-Iy-Øn-\m-bp≈ ]T\hpw N¿®bpw ssZh-h-N-\-ip-{iq-jbpw h¿≤n-∏n-°-Ww. \ne-hn-ep≈ am\-Z-WvU-ßfpw ]mc-º-cy-ß-fpsS sshhn[yhpw th≠{X am\n-®p-sIm-≠m-IWw CXp {]m-h¿ØnI-am-°pI.156 Cu BtLm-j-߃ k`m-sF-Iy-{]-ÿm\sØ aptºm´p \bn°pw. Ah icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ \SØp-tºmƒ Htc tai-°p-Np-‰p-an-cp∂v, Htc ]m\-]m-{X-Øn¬\n∂p ]m\w sNøp∂ Znhkw thKw FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xn\v ssZh-tØmSv Bflm¿∞-ambn At]-£n-°p∂ Xo£vWm\p-`-h-Øns‚ \nan-j-ßsf Ah {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøpw. CØcw ip{iq-j-Iƒ {]iw-km¿lhpw Ah t{]m-’m-ln∏n-°p-∂Xv \√Xpw BsW-¶nepw, Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw ISap≈ Xncp-\m-fp-I-fnepw Znhy-_enbn¬ ]¶p-tNcp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw CØcw ip{iq-j-Iƒ aXn-bmIpw F∂v hnizm-knIƒ°v tXm∂-Ø-°-hn[w CXv \n¿t±-in-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-°Ww. ]T-\Ø - n-s‚bpw {]m¿∞-\b - p-sSbpw Cu ip{iqj-bn¬ C\nbpw IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-t°≠ Imcy-ßfpw hyXykvX A`n-{]m-bß - ƒ \ne-\n-ev°p∂ Imcy-ßfpw \mw
92
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
ka-Nn-Ø-X-tbmsS Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p. k`-bn¬ B[n-Im-cnI-ambn \S-Øp∂ hymJym-\hpw hymJym-\-Øn¬ {]t_m[-\m-[n-Im-c-Øn-\p≈ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb ]¶pw a\- n-em°pI F∂Xv Cß-s\-bp≈ Hcp Imcy-amWv.157 Ah-km-\-ambn, ss__nƒ hnhn[ `mj-I-fn-te°p hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-∂-Xp-kw-_-‘n®v, k`m-sF-Iy-Øn¬ AXn-\p≈ {]m[m\yw kw_-‘n®v, kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ \S-Ønb {]Jym-]-\-߃°v Du∂¬sImSp-°m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. Hcp {KŸw hnh¿Ø\w sNøpIsb∂Xp bm{¥n-I-ambn \n¿Δ-ln-°m-hp∂ Hcp Imcy-a√ F∂p \ap°-dnbmw. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Hcp Xcw hymJym-\-amWv hnh¿Ø\w. CXp kw_-‘n®v hμy-\mb tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥ am¿]m∏ ]d-bp-∂Xv CXmWv: ""hnip-≤-{KŸw kw_‘n® hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-߃ {]tXy-In®pw ]m›m-Xy-temIØv Fßs\ Ass\-Iy-Øn-te°p \bn®p F∂v A\pkva-cn-°p∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw, Cu s]mXphn-h¿Ø-\-߃ aptºm-´p≈ F{X {it≤-ba - mb Hcp Im¬h-bv]mWv F∂p Xncn- ® - d n- b m≥ Ignbpw.'' 158 s]mXp- h mb ss__nƒ hnh¿Ø\w t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂Xv k`m-sF-Iy-{]-ÿm\-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-amWv. Cu kp{]-[m\ tPmen-bn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ F√m-h¿°pw \μn-]-d-bm≥ Rm≥ B{Kln-°p∂p. Xß-fpsS tPmen-bn¬ ÿntcm-’m-l-tØmsS aptºm´pt]mIm≥ Ahsc Rm≥ Blzm\w sNøp∂p.
ssZh-im-kv{X-]-T\w kw_-‘n® A\-¥-c-^-e߃ 47. hnizm-k-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn hnip≤enJn-X߃ ka-{K-ambn hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn\v thsdmcp A\-¥c-^ew IqSn D≠v. ssZh-im-kv{X-Ønepw hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xhy-Jym-\-Ønepw ]cn-io-e\w \evIp-tºmƒ, {]tXy-In®pw sshZn-I-hn-Zym¿∞n-IfpsS ]cn-io-e-\Øn¬, CXn\v A\n-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
93
hm-cy-amb Nne A\-¥-c-^-e-߃ D≠v. ssZh-h-N\w C∂sØ temI-tØmSpw Xncp-k-`tbmSpw hy‡n-]-c-ambn \mw Hmtcm- c p- Ø tcmSpw kwkm- c n- ° p- ∂ - X mWv F∂ hkvXpX AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v, ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ Bflmhv, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS ]T-\-amWv F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ {i≤n-°Ww. ssZh-h-N\w F∂ {]amWtc-Jb - psS 12˛mw \º-dn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈ am\-ZW - vU߃°v icn-bmb {i≤ e`n-°p-∂Xv {][m-\-s∏´ kwKXn-bmWv. Cu am\-Z-WvU-߃ IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]T-\-Øn\v hnj-b-am-t°-≠-Xp-amWv. hnip≤ enJn-X-ßtfmSv \njv]-£-amb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°p∂ Kth-jWw t{]m’m-l\w A¿ln-°-p∂n√. ss__n-fns‚ aqe-Ir-XnIƒ cNn-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ `mj-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw hymJym-\Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb am¿§-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøWw. CXp IqSmsX hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Bg-ap≈ Bflo-b-Po-hn-Xhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. F¶n¬am-{Xta hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ a\- n-em-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Ah Pohn-XØn¬ ]I¿ØWw F∂ hkvXpX t_m≤y-am-hp-Ib - p≈q. ssZh-h-N\w, AXv Fgp-X-s∏-´-Xm-Is´ ]mc-º-cy-ØneqsS e`n-®X - m-Is´, ]Tn-t°-≠Xv Bg-ta-dnb k`m-]c - a - mb Acq-]n-bn¬ Bbn-cn-°Ww; AXp \nc-¥cw XpS-tc-≠XmWv F∂pw Rm≥ DXvt_m-[n-∏n-°p∂p. hnhn[ hnj-bß-fn-ep≈ ]cn-io-e\w Xncp-k` - b - psS {]t_m-[\ - m-[n-Imcw \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ {]k-‡-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ IW-°n-seSp-°p-Ib - pw-thWw. ""{]t_m-[\ - m-[n-Imcw ssZh-hN - \ - t- Ø°mƒ anI-hp-‰-X√. AXv ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ ip{iq-jbnemWv. AXn\p \evI-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xp am{Xta AXv ]Tn∏n-°p-∂p≈q. ssZhw Iev]n-®-X-\p-k-cn®pw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n-bpsS klm-bt- ØmSp IqSnbpw AXv ssZh-hN - \w {i≤m]q¿Δw, {ihn-°p∂p, BZ-c-thmsS AXns\ kwc-£n°p∂p, hniz-kvX-X-tbmsS AXns\ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p,''159
94
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
k` \evIp∂ {]t_m-[\w ""hnip-≤-]m-c-º-cyhpw hnip≤ enJn-Xß - fpw k`-bpsS {]t_m-[\ - m-[n-Im-chpw KmV-ambn ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw AXn-sem-∂n\pw a‰p c≠n¬\n∂v th¿s]´p \ne-\n-ev]n√'' F∂pw Xncn-®dn- ™ p- s Im- ≠ m- b n- c n- ° Ww. 160 c≠mw hØn- ° m≥ Iu¨kn- e ns‚ ]T- \ - t ØmSv hniz- k v X X ]pe¿Øns°m≠v, km¿Δ-{XnI k`-bp-am-bn-´p≈ Iq´m-bva-bn¬ hmbn®v hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ ]Tn-°p-∂Xv, ssZh-im-kv{X]-T-\-ß-fpsS bYm¿∞ Bflm-hm-bn-ØocWw F∂v Rm≥ {]Xym-in-°p∂p.161
hnip-≤cpw hnip≤enJnX hymJym-\hpw 48. ssZh-h-N\w bYm¿∞Øn¬ Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]I¿Øn-b-h¿, AXm-bXv, hnip-≤¿, ]d-bp-∂Xv {ihn-°Ww F∂ hkvXpX Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xhym-Jym\w A]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn°pw.162 ""kPo-h-amb ⁄m\hm-b\ (lecto divina) ]pWy-hm-∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-amWv,''163 F∂-XmWv kXyw. hnip≤enJn-X-ß-fpsS G‰hpw Bgta-dnb hymJym-\-߃ \evI-p∂Xv, ssZh-h-N\w {ihn®pw hmbn®pw AXn-s\-∏‰n \nc-¥cw [ym\n®pw Aßs\ Xßsf-Øs∂ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ssZh-h-N-\sØ kzbw A\ph-Zn-®-h-cmWv. Xncp-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ hnhn[ coXn-bn-ep≈ Bflo-bX cq]w-sIm-≠Xv hnip≤enJn-X-ß-tfmSv \S-Øp∂ {]Xy-£-amb {]kvXm-h-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv F∂Xv bmZr-—nI-a√ F∂p Xd-∏n®p ]dbmw. Rm≥ ChnsS, B_-´m-bncp-∂ hnip≤ At¥m-\n-bpsS amXr-I-sb-∏-‰n-bmWv Nn¥n°p∂Xv. ""\o ]q¿Æ-\m-Im≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ t]mbn \n\-°p-≈-sX√mw hn‰v Zcn-{Z¿°p sImSp-°pI. At∏mƒ kz¿§-Øn¬ \n\°v \nt£]w D≠mIpw. ]ns∂ h∂v Fs∂ A\p-K-an-°pI'' (aØm. 19:21) F∂ {InkvXp-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
95
hns‚ hm°p- I ƒ At±- l - Ø ns‚ lrZ- b sØ kv]¿in®p.164 CXp-t]mse Xs∂ {it≤-ba - mWv alm-\mb hnip≤ _mkn¬ "samdm-enb' F∂ IrXn-bn¬ D∂-bn°p∂ tNmZyw: ""hnizm-kØ - ns‚ khn-ti-ja - mb AS-bmfw F-¥mWv? ssZhw {]tNm-Z\w \evIn Fgp-Xnb hm°pIƒ kXy-amsW∂ ]q¿Æhpw kwi-bm-Xo-X-hp-amb hnizmkw.... hnizm-kn-I-fpsS khn-ti-jamb -AS-bmfw F¥mWv? AtX Dd® ]q¿Æ-t_m-≤y-tØm-Sp-IqSn, hnip≤ enJn-X-ß-fnse hm°p-I-fpsS s]mcpƒ A\p-k-cn®v XßfpsS PohnXw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. enJn-X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Fs¥-¶nepw FSp-Øp-am-‰mt\m AXn-t\mSv Fs¥-¶nepw Iq´n-t®¿°mt\m ss[cy-s∏-SmsX F√mw Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]I¿Øp-∂Xv.''165 hnip≤ s_\-UnIvSv Xs‚ N´-ß-fn¬ (rules) "hnip≤ enJn-X-߃ ""a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn\pth≠ G‰w ]q¿Æ-amb N´-amWv'' F∂p ]d-bp∂p.166 hnip≤ {^m≥kokv A o-kn-sb-∏‰n kem-t\m-bnse tXma n¬\n∂pw \mw a\- n-em-°-p∂Xv CXmWv: ""{InkvXphns‚ injy- ∑ m¿ bm{X- t ]m- I p- t ºmƒ kz¿- Æ tam, sh≈ntbm ]Wtam, A∏tam, hSntbm sIm≠p-t]mI-cpXv, Ah¿ sNcn∏p sIm≠p-t]m-I-cpXv c≠p hkv{X-߃ sIm≠p-t]m-I-cpXv'' F∂v tI´-t∏mƒ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bn¬ B\-μ-tØm-Sp-IqSn {^m≥kokv Cßs\ Dd-s°-hn-fn®p ]d™p: ""CXmWv F\n-°p-th-≠Xv; CXmWv Rm≥ Bhiy-s∏-´Xv; apgp-h≥ lrZ-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn CXp sNøm≥ Rm≥ B{K- l n- ° p∂p.'' 167 A o- k n- b nse hnip≤ ¢mcbv°pw hnip≤ {^m≥ko-kns‚ Cu A\p-`hØn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]¶p-tN¿∂p. "Zcn-{Z-kt- lm-Zc - n-am¿' F∂ k`bnse Pohn-X-coXn CXm-bn-cn°pw: ""I¿Øm-hmb tbip{In-kvXp-hns‚ hnip≤ kphn-ti-jØ - n¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv ]men°pI.''168 AXp-t]mse Xs∂ hnip≤ sUman-\n°v; ""FhntSbpw kphn- t i- j - a - \ p- k - c n®v Pohn- ° p∂ Hcm- f mWv
96
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Xms\∂v At±lw hy‡-am°n. hm°nepw {]hr-Øn-bnepw Aß-s\-Xs∂ Bbn-cp∂p.''169 Xs‚ k`-bnse AwKßfpw ""kphn-ti-jØns‚ a\p-jy¿'' Bbn-cn-°Ww F∂v At±lw \njvI¿jn®p.170 Xs‚ tbmKm-flI A\p-`-h߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ \nc-¥cw ss__n-fn¬ \n∂p≈ {]Xn-cq-]-߃ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Im¿sΩeoØ-bmb Bhn-em-bnse hnip≤ t{Xky ]d-bp-∂Xv: ""temI-Ønep≈ kIe Xn∑bpw hcp-∂Xv hnip≤ enJn-X-ß-fnse kXy-߃ hy‡-ambn Adn-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv'' F∂v tbip Xs∂ Ahƒ°v shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø n- s °m- S pØp F∂mWv.171 ""kvt\lamWv'' Xs‚ ssZh-hnfn F∂v DÆnbo-tim-bpsS hnip≤ t{Xky Is≠-Øn-bXv hnip≤ enJnX-߃ \nc-¥cw hmbn-®n-´mWv; {]tXy-In®pw sImdn-¥nbm-°m¿°v Fgp-Xnb H∂mw teJ-\-Ønse 12˛Dw, 13˛Dw A≤ym-b-߃.172 Cu hnip≤ Xs∂ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ßfpsS BI¿j-Wo-bX Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p: ""Rm≥ kphn-ti-jØ - n-te°v ItÆm-Sn-®m¬ aXn DS≥Xs∂ tbiphns‚ Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]cn-afw Rm≥ izkn®p XpS-ßp∂p. Ftßm-´mWv HmtS-≠Xv F∂v F\n°v DS≥ a\- nemIpw.''173 Hmtcm hnip-≤\pw, Hmtcm hnip-≤bpw, sshZh-N-\-Øn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ {]Im-i-Øns‚ Hcp civanbmWv. kXy-Øn\pw Bflm-°sf hnthNn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\pam-bp≈ hnip≤ Ct·-jykv etbm-fbpsS ]cn-{iaw \ap°v ChnsS A\p-kva-cn°mw. bphm-°ƒ°v hnZym`ymkw \evIp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Xo{h-amb B{K-l-Øns‚ DS-abmb hnip≤ tPm¨ t_mkvtImsb A\p-kva-cn°mw. ]utcm-lnXyw Hcp Zm\hpw DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øhpw BWv F∂v Xncn-®-dn™, CXn¬ ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ alXzw Is≠Ønb, hnip≤ tPm¨ tacn hnbm-∂nsb A\p-kva-cn°mw. Znhy- I m- c p- W y- Ø ns‚ D]- I - c - W - a m- b n- Ø o¿∂ ]ntbs{X¬®o-\m-bnse hnip≤ ]obq-kns\; F√m-hcpw hnip-
ssZ-h-h-N-\w
97
≤n-bn-te°v hnfn-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂v {]kw-Kn® hnip≤ tPmkva-dnb F v{Iohm; Zcn-{Z-cn¬ Zcn-{Z-cm-b-h¿°v ssZhØns‚ kvt\lw FØn-°pI F∂ ZuXyw \n¿Δ-ln® I¬°´bnse hmgvØ-s∏´ sXtck Ch-tcbpw A\p-kvacn°mw. \mkn-k-Øn-t‚bpw Iayq-Wn-k-Øn-t‚bpw c‡km-£n-I-tfbpw ChnsS A\p-kva-cn°mw. Ah-cpsS {]Xn\n-[n-I-fmWv hnip≤ sXtckm s_\-ZnIvXm Hm^v Z t{Imkv (CuUnØv sÃbn≥) F∂ I¿sΩ-eoØm k\ymkn\n, km{K-_nse I¿±n-\mƒ B¿®v_n-j-∏m-bn-cp∂ hmgvØ-s∏´ Atem-jykv sÃ∏n-\m°v F∂n-h¿. 49. ssZh-hN - \ - Ø - m¬ {]tNm-Zn-Xa - mb hnip≤n Hc¿∞Øn¬ {]h-N\ ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ `mK-amWv. Cu ]mc-ºcy-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-\w {]hm-N-Is‚ PohnXw Xs-∂ AXns‚ ip{iqjbv°mbn am‰n-h-bv°p∂p. Cu A¿∞Øn¬ Xncp-k-`-bn¬ ImWp∂ hnip≤n, hnip≤enJn-Xß-fpsS Ah-K-Wn-°m-\m-hmØ Hcp hymJym\w BWv. hnip≤enJn- X - ß - f psS cN- b n- X m- ° ƒ°v {]tNm- Z \w \evInb ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-X-s∂-bmWv Xß-fpsS PohnXw kphn-ti-j-Øn-\mbn ka¿∏n-°m≥ hnip-≤¿°pw {]tNmZ\w \¬Ip-∂Xv. Ah-cpsS amXr-I-bn¬ \n∂pw ]mT-߃ ]Tn-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ kPohhpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb ssZh-h-N-\-hym-Jym-\-Øns‚ t\cmb ]mX-bn-emWv \mw bm{X-sN-øp-∂Xv. sk‚ v ]ot‰gv k v NØzc- Ø n¬ HIv t Sm- _ ¿ 12˛mw XobXn (2008) \mev ]pXnb hnip≤sc \ma-Ic - Ww sNbvXt∏mƒ kn\Uns‚ 12˛mw ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-hpw hnip-≤nbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn\v R߃ {]-Xy-£a - mb Hcp km£yw ImWp-I-bmbn-cp∂p. Cutim-bp-sSbpw adnb- Ø n- s ‚bpw Xncp- l r- Z - b - Ø ns‚ t{]jn- X ¿ F∂ k`mkaqlØns‚ ÿm]-I\pw sshZnI\p-amb sK‰mt\m Fdot°m; CIztUm-dnepw sImfw-_n-bm-bnepw anj-
98
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
\- d n- b m- b n- c p∂ kzn‰v k ¿e‚p kztZ- i n\n aZ¿ adnb s_¿\mZm _yq´ve¿; C≥Uy-bn¬ P\n®v hnip≤ ]Z-hnbn-se-Ønb BZy-hy‡n Aa-tem-¤-h-Øns‚ hnip≤ A¬t^m≥km; CIz-tUm¿ kztZ-in-\n-bmb Hcp A¬amb bphXn, \¿ko m tZ tbiq a¿Ønt√m tamdm≥ F∂nh-cm-bn-cp∂p B \mep hnip-≤¿. {InkvXp-hns‚ kphntijw Imem-Imew ^ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂p F∂Xn\v temI-Øns‚ ap≥]nepw Xncp-k-`-bpsS ap≥]nepw Xß-fpsS PohnXw hgn Ch¿ km£yw \evIn. ssZh-h-N-\-sØ-∏‰n-bp≈ kn\Uv ktΩ-f-\-Øns‚ CSbv°v \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏´ Cu hnip-≤-cpsS am≤yÿw hgn, \ΩpsS PohnXhpw Znhy-I¿j-I≥ hN\w hnX-bv°p∂ ""\√ aÆm-Is´'', AXp \Ωn¬ hnip-≤n-bpsS ^e-߃ ""ap∏-Xp-ta-\nbpw Adp-]-Xp-ta-\nbpw, \qdp-ta-\nbpw'' (a¿t°m. 4:20) hnfbn-°s´ F∂p \ap°v I¿Øm-hn-t\mSv At]-£n°mw.
99
`mKw c≠v
hN\w k`-bn¬ (Verbum in Ecclesia) ""Xs∂ kzoI-cn-®-h¿s°-√mw,... ssZh-a-°-fm-Im≥ Ah≥ Ignhv \¬In'' (tbml. 1:12).
100
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
101
ssZh-h-N-\hpw k`bpw k` hN\w kzoI-cn-°p∂p 50. I¿Ømhv Ahn-SpsØ hN\w Acp-fn-s®-øp-∂Xv ""AtX-h-N-\-Øn¬ IqSn'' kr„n-°-s∏-´-h¿ AXv kzoIcn-°p∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv. ""Ah≥ kzP-\-Øns‚ ASptØ°v h∂p'' (tbm-l. 1:11). Ahn-SpsØ hN\w auen-Iambn \ap°v A\y-amb H∂-√. ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w Poh\p-am-bp≈ ]cn-N-b-Øns‚ Hcp _‘-Øn¬\n-∂mWv kr„n \S-∂-Xv. F∂n´pw \memw kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ BapJw ""kzP\w'' ssZh-h-N-\sØ Xnc-kvI-cn-®-Xns‚ ap∂n¬ \sΩ \n¿Øp∂p ""Ah¿ Ahs\ kzoI-cn-®n√'' (tbm-l. 1:11). Ahn-SpsØ kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I- F∂Xns‚ A¿∞w Ahn-SpsØ kzcw {ihn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I, "hN-\hp'ambn (logos) A\p-cq-]-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I, F∂mWv. adp-h-i-Øv, Zp¿∫-ecpw ]m]n-I-fp-am-sW-¶n-epw, P\߃ {Inkv X p- h p- a m- b p≈ Hcp t\¿°m- g v N - b n- t e°v Bflm¿∞-ambn Xpd-hn-bp-≈-h-cm-Ip-tºm-sgm-s°, kaq-eamb Hcp ]cn-h¿Ø\w kw`-hn-°m≥ XpS-ßp∂p: ""Xs∂ kzoI-cn-®-h¿s°-√mw.... ssZh-a-°-fm-Im≥ Ah≥ Ignhv \¬In'' (tbm-l. 1:12). hN\w kzoI-cn-°p-I-sb-∂p-h-®m¬ \sΩ cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ Ahn-SpsØ A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ ""]nXm-hns‚ GI-PmX''\mb (tbm-l. 1:14) {InkvXp-hp-ambn ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ i‡n-bm¬ A\p-cq]-s∏-Sp-Ib - pw sNøpI G∂-Xm-Wv. AXv Hcp ]pXnb kr„nI¿Ω-Øns‚ XpS-°-am-Ip-∂p. Hcp ]pXnb kr„n P\n°p-∂p. Hcp ]pXnb P\w P∑-sa-Sp-°p-∂p. hnizm-knIƒ,
102
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
AXm-bXv hnizm-k-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn Pohn-°p-∂-h¿. ""Ah¿ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p P\n-°p-Ibpw'' (tbm-l. 1:13) ssZhn-IPo-h-\n¬ ]¶p-Im-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. "]p{X-\n-eqsS ]p{X-cmbn'-Øo¿∂p (cf. Kem. 4:5˛6; tdmam. 8:14-˛17). tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Ønse Cu `mKw hymJym-\n-®p-sIm-≠v, hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkv A°mcyw Cßs\ `wKn-bmbn ]d-bp∂p: ""\n߃ hN-\-Øn-eqsS kr„n-°-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ \n߃ Ct∏mƒ hN-\-Øn-eqsS ]p\:kr„n-°-s∏-S-Ww.''174 amwkw [cn®v \ΩpsSbnS-bn¬ IqSm-c-a-Sn-°m≥ h∂ (cf. tbml. 1:14) ssZh-h-N-\-ØneqsS \n¿Δ-Nn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp bmYm¿∞yw F∂ \nebn¬ ChnsS \ap°v k`-bpsS apJw Z¿in-°m≥ Ign-bpw. a\p-jy-cp-sS-bn-S-bnse ssZh-Øns‚ Cu hmk-ÿ-ew, ]gb-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ap≥Iq´n ]d-bp∂ Cu "hnip-≤-Iq-Smcw' (shekinah) (cf. ]pd. 26:1), Ct∏mƒ {InkvXp-hn-eq-sS-bp≈ \Ωp-sS-bn-S-bnse ssZh-Øns‚ kp\n-›nX km∂n-≤yØn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønse {InkvXp-hns‚ \nc-¥c km∂n≤yw 51. ]nXm-hns‚ hN-\-amb {InkvXphpw k`bpw XΩnep≈ _‘w Hcp `qX-Im-ek - w-`h - Ø - ns‚ cq]-Øn¬ am{Xw ]q¿Æ-ambn a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXv kPo-hamb Hcp _‘-am-Wv. AXn-te°v {]th-in-°m≥ hnizmkn-k-aq-l-Ønse Hmtcm AwKhpw hy‡n-]-c-ambn hnfn°- s ∏- S p- ∂ p. \Ωp- s S- b n- S - b nse ssZh- h - N - \ - Ø ns‚ C∂sØ km∂n-≤y-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv \mw kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv. ""bpKm-¥w-hsc F∂pw Rm≥ \nß-tfmSpIqsS D≠mbn-cn°pw'' (a-Øm. 28:20). tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-I-bp-≠mbn: ""F√m Ime-sØbpw P\ßsf kw_-‘n® {InkvXp-hns‚ {]k‡n Ahn-SpsØ ico-c-amb k`-bn¬ {]I-S-am-Ip-∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬
hN\w k`-bn¬
103
I¿Ømhv Xs‚ injy-∑m¿°v, Ahsc F√mw "A\p-kvacn-∏n-°pI'bpw Xs‚ Iev]-\-Iƒ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw (cf. tbml. 14:26) sNøp∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]nsb hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n temI-Øn¬ Hcp ]pXnb Pohs‚ XØzhpw ÿnc-amb Dd-hn-S-hp-am-bncn°pw (cf. tbml. 3:5-8; tdmam 8:1˛13).''175 Hcp sshhm-lnI-kw-`m-j-W-Øns‚ ss__nƒ cq]Iw D]-tbm-Kn-®v, "ssZh-h-N\w' F∂ {]am-W-tcJ Cu clkyw Bhn-jvIcn-°p-∂p. ""Cu hn[-Øn¬ ap≥ Ime-ß-fn¬ kwkm-cn® ssZhw Xs‚ {]nb-kp-Xs‚ aW-hm-´n-tbmSpw CS-hn-SmsX kwkm-cn-®-psIm-≠m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhvhgn kphn-ti-jØ - ns‚ kPo-hk - zcw k`-bnepw k`-hgn temIØnepw {]Xn-[z-\n-°p-∂p-≠v. A{]-Imcw Cu Acq]n hnizmkn-Isf kºq¿Æ kXy-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-Ibpw {InkvXphns‚ hm°p-Iƒ Ah-cn¬ kar-≤-ambn \ne\n¬°p-∂Xn\v CS-bmIp-Ibpw sNøp∂p (cf. sImtfm. 3:16).''176 {ihn- ° p- I - s b∂ Ie- b psS alm- K p- c p- \ m- Y - b m- b , {InkvXp-hns‚ h[p hnizm-k-]q¿Δw C∂pw Bh¿Øn-°p∂p: ""\mYm, kwkm-cn-®m-epw. Ahn-SpsØ k` {ihn-°p- m¬ "ssZh-hN - \w' F∂ {]am-Wt- cJ ∂p.''177 C°mc-WØ t_m[]q¿Δw Cu hm°p-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn Bcw-`n-°p-∂p: ""ssZh-h-N\w `‡n-k-a-\znXw {ihn-°p-Ibpw hnizm-k]q¿Δw {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Cu ]cn-ip≤ kq\l-tZmkv....''178 ChnsS \ap°v k`-bpsS Pohn-X-sØ-°pdn-®p-≈ Hcp Ne-\m-fl-I-\n¿h-N-\-Øns‚ t\¿°m-gvN-bp≠m-Ip-∂p. ""Cu hm°p-IƒsIm≠v Iu¨kn¬ k-`-bpsS hy‡amb Hcp \n¿Δ-N\w kqNn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ahƒ ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p-Ibpw {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp Iq´m-bva-bm-Ip-∂p. k` Ah-fn¬\n-∂p-X-s∂-b-√, kphn-ti-j-Øn¬\n-∂mWv Poh≥ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv. AhfpsS bm{X-bpsS Zni \nXy-\q-X-\-ambn kphn-ti-jØn¬\n∂v Ahƒ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Hmtcm
104
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
{InkvXym-\nbpw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-Ibpw sNtø≠ Hcp kao-]-\-am-Wn-Xv. hN\w {ihn-°p∂ Hcp at\m-`m-hØn¬ Xß-sf-Øs∂ BZyw {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂-h¿°p-am{Xta AXns‚ ktμ-ih - m-lI - c - m-bn-Øo-cm≥ km[n-°q.''179 {]tLm-jn-°p-Ibpw {ihn-°p-Ibpw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ ssZhh-N\ - Ø - nepw IqZm-iI - f - nepw tbip C∂v, Ct∏mƒ, ChnsS Hmtcm hy‡n-tbmSpw ]d-bp∂p; ""Rm≥ \nt‚-Xm-Wv. Rm≥ Fs∂-Øs∂ \n\°v Xcp-∂p.'' ""Rm≥ Aß-bp-tS-XmWv'' F∂v adp-]-Sn-bmbn ]d-™p-sIm≠v \ap°v B hm°pIƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Ahbv°v {]Xyp-Øcw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøm≥ Ign-bpw.180 ""Xs∂ kzoI-cn-®-h¿s°-√mw, ssZha-°-fm-Im≥ Ah≥ Ignhp \¬In'' (tbm-l. 1:12) F∂v tbml-∂m≥ Xs‚ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ Bap-J-Øn¬ \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂p. ssZh-Ir-]-bm¬ AXv \ap°v A\p-`hn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hc-¥-co-£-ambn k` Bhn¿`-hn-°p∂p.
Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw, ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\p≈ khn-ti-j-kw-hn-[m\w ssZh-h-N\w Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ 52. k`sb ""hN-\-Øns‚ `h\''181ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°ptºmƒ, BZyw {i≤ \¬tI-≠Xv Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn-\mWv. Imc-Ww, \ΩpsS Pohn-XØns‚ a≤y-Øn¬ ssZhw \tΩmSv kwkm-cn-°p∂ khn-ti-j-kw-hn-[m-\-amWv Bcm[-\m-{I-aw. {ihn-°p-Ibpw {]Xyp-Øcw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ Xs‚ P\-tØmSv Ahn-Sp∂v C∂v kwkm-cn-°p∂p-≠v. Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Ønse Hmtcm Xncp-°¿Ωhpw AXns‚ kz`m-h-Øm¬Xs∂ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øn¬ \na·-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. "]cn-ip≤ kq\-l-tZmkv' (Sacrosanctum
hN\w k`-bn¬
105
Concilium) F∂ {]am-W-tc-J-bn¬ C{]-Imcw \mw hmbn-
°p-∂p: ""Bcm-[-\m-{I-am-\p-jvTm-\-Øn¬ hnip-≤-{K-ŸØn\p ]c-a-{]m-[m-\y-am-Wp-≈-Xv. Imc-Ww, hmb-\-Iƒ hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-h-bm-Wv. Ah kphn-ti-j{]-kw-K-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p; k¶o¿Ø-\-߃ Be-]n°p∂Xpw hnip-≤{- K-ŸØ - n¬\n∂v; {]m¿∞-\I - ƒ, kvtXm{X-߃, Bcm-[-\m-Ko-X-߃ Chbv°v {]tNm-Z\w e`n-®n-´p-≈Xpw hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂. F∂-√, hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬\n∂mWv Xncp-°¿Ω-ß-fnse BwKyßfpw AS- b m- f - ß fpw A¿∞- a pƒs°m- ≈ p- ∂ - X v . '' 182 {InkvXp-Xs∂ ""Xs‚ hN-\-Øn¬ k∂nlnX-\mWv; ImcWw, ssZhm-eb - ß - f - n¬ hnip-≤{- K-Ÿß - ƒ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ Ahn-Sp-∂p-Xs - ∂-bmWv kwkm-cn-°p-∂X - v''183 F∂pIqSn ]dtb-≠-Xm-Wv. Xo¿®-bmbpw ""Bcm-[-\m-{Ia A\p-jvTm\w ssZh-hN - \ - Ø - ns‚ \nc-¥c - hpw ]q¿Æhpw ^e-{]-Zh - p-amb Ah-X-c-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ \nc-¥-cambn {]tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-h-N\w Ft∏mgpw ]cnip-≤m-flm-hns‚ i‡n-bn-eqsS kPo-hhpw ^e-{]-Zh - p-amb Hcp hN-\-am-Ip-∂p. \tΩm-Sp≈ AXns‚ ^e-Zm-b-I-XzØn¬ Hcn-°epw ]cm-P-b-s∏-SmØ ]nXm-hns‚ kvt\lw AXv {]I-S-am-°p-∂p.''184 Bcm-[-\m-{I-am-\p-jvTm-\-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-tØm-sSm∏w hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ AXv ^e-{]-Z-am-°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS B¥-cn-I-{]h¿Ø-\-ap-s≠∂v k` Ft∏mgpw a\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≠v. "klm-b-I≥' (Paraclete) \nan-Øw, ""ssZh-h-N\w Bcm-[\m-{I-am-\p-jvTm-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\hpw \ΩpsS Pohn-XØns‚ apgp-h≥ N´hpw Xmßp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AtX ]cnip-≤m-flm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\w... apgp-h≥ kaq-lØ - n-s‚bpw \∑-bv°p-th≠n ssZh-h-N-\-{]-tLm-j-W-Øn¬ kwkmcn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂s - X√mw HmtcmcpØ-cnte°pw hy‡n-]c - a - m-bns°m-≠p-h-cp-∂p. AtX-k-a-bw, F√m-h-cp-sSbpw sFIyw i‡n- s ∏- S p- Ø m≥, ]cn- i p- ≤ m- c q]n Zm\- ß - f psS Hcp
106
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
sshhn≤yw hf¿Øp-Ibpw Ah-bpsS _lp-ap-J-amb {]h¿Ø\w ]ptcm-K-an-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.''185 ssZh-h-N\w {Kln-°m≥, Bcm-[-\m-{I-am-\p-jvTm-\Øns‚ AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amb A¿∞hpw aqeyhpw \mw hne-aX - n-°p-Ibpw A\p-`h - n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠X - m-Wv. hnip≤-en-Jn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hnizm-k-\n¿`-c-amb Hcp [mcW-bv°v, ssZh-h-N\w Imtem-Nn-Xhpw kPo-h-hp-amb Hcp hN-\-ambn ]cn-I¿Ωw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw Ft∏mgpw ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ""kn\-tKm-Kn¬ {]thin-°p-Ibpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ F√mh-scbpw Blzm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v {InkvXpXs∂ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ hmbn-°p-Ibpw hymJym-\n-°pIbpw sNbvX coXn Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ k` hniz-ÿXm-]p-c- cw apdpsI ]nSn-°p-∂p.''186 ChnsS k`-bpsS _p≤n-]q¿Δ-Ia - mb t_m[-\i - mkv{Xw \mw ImWp-∂p. AXv Bcm-[-\m-h¿j-Øns‚ Xmf-{Iaw ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p-sIm≠v hnip-≤e - n-JnXw {]tLm-jn-°p-Ibpw {ihn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ Imem-\p-krX-amb Cu hnImkw k¿tΔm-]cn Znhy-_en-b¿∏WØnepw bma-{]m¿∞-\-bn-ep-amWv kw`-hn-°p-I. F√m-‰ns‚bpw tI{μ-Øn¬ s]k-lm-c-lkyw {]Im-in-°p-∂p. IuZm-in-I-ambn k∂n-ln-X-am-Ip∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ F√m cl-ky-ßfpw c£mIc-N-cn-{Xhpw AXn-\p-Np‰pw AXv {]k-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. ""C{]-Imcw c£-Wob cl-ky-߃ A\p-kva-cn-®p-sIm≠v Xncp- ` Xs‚ \mYs‚ i‡n-bpsSbpw tbmKy-X-bp-sSbpw A\¿L-\n-t£-]-߃ hnizmkn-Iƒ°v Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. Aßs\ Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Ch-sb√mw F√m ka-bØpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ Cu cl-ky-߃ {Kln®v c£m-I-c-amb {]km-Z-h-c-Øm¬ ]qcn-X-cm-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.''187 C°mc-W-Øm¬, ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ AKm-[-amb A¿∞w Bkz-Zn-°m≥ F√m hnizm-kn-Ifpw A`y-kn-°p∂p F∂v
hN\w k`-bn¬
107
Dd-∏p-hcp-Øm≥ k`-bpsS AP-]m-e-I-scbpw AP-]me\{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ F√m-h-scbpw Rm≥ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ auenI cl- k y- ß ƒ shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø n- s °m≠v Hmtcm h¿jhpw ssZh-h-N\w Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ A\m-h-cWw sNø-s∏Sp∂p. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-tØm-Sp≈ icn-bmb Hcp kao-]-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-am-Wn-Xv.
hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xhpw IqZm-i-Ifpw 53. ssZh-h-N\w a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bcm-[-\m-{I-aØn-\p≈ {]m[m-\y-sØ-∏‰n N¿® sNbvX-t∏mƒ sa{Xm∑m-cpsS kn\Uv ssZh-h-N-\hpw IqZm-i-IfpsS {]h¿Ø\hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w FSp-Øp-]-d™p. k`-bpsS AP]m-e-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Ønepw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hnNn-¥\-Ønepw hN-\hpw IqZm-ibpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-°pdn®v Bg-Øn-ep≈ Hc-t\z-j-W-Øns‚ henb Bh-iy-ap≠v.188 Xo¿®-bmbpw ""hN-\-Øns‚ Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw k`bpsS IqZm-i-I-fn¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw ]cn-I¿Ω-Øn¬ Hcp \n¿Æm-b-I-L-S-I-am-Wv.''189 F∂ncp-∂m-epw, AP-]m-e-\]-c-amb {]tbm-K-Øn¬, hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw Cu _‘-sØ-∏‰n t_m[-hm-∑m-c√ - . I¿Ωhpw hN-\hpw XΩnep≈ sFIyw Ah¿ th≠-hn[w {Kln-°p-∂p-an-√. ""sshZnIcpw Uo°-∑mcpw IqZm-i-Iƒ ]cn-I¿Ωw sNøp-tºmƒ, k`-bpsS ip{iq-j-bn¬ hN-\hpw IqZm-ibpw XΩn-ep≈ sFIyw hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv k¿tΔm-]cn Ah-cpsS NpaX-e-bmWv''190 hN-\hpw IqZm-im-]-c-amb I¿Ωhpw XΩnep≈ _‘w hN-\Ø - n-s‚-Xs∂ {]h¿Ø-\] - c - a - mb kz`mh-Øn-eqsS c£mIc-N-cn-{X-Ønse ssZhn-I-{]-h¿Ø-\Øns‚ Bcm-[\ - m-{I-a] - c - a - mb Bhn-jvIm-ca - m-Ip-∂p. c£mIcN-cn-{X-Øn¬, ssZhw ]d-bp-∂Xpw Ahn-Sp∂v sNøp∂Xpw XΩn¬ Hcp th¿Xn-cn-hp-an-√. "Z_m¿' (dabar) F∂ lo{_p ]Zw hy‡-am-°p-∂X - p-t]m-se, Ahn-SpsØ hN\w
108
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
kPo-hhpw Du¿÷-kz-e-hp-ambn (cf. sl{_m. 4:12) ImWs∏-Sp-∂p. Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-]-c-amb A\p-jvTm-\-Øn-epw, ]dbp- ∂ Xv ]q¿Øn- b m- ° p∂ Ahn- S psØ hN- \ - Ø ns‚ t\¿°m-gvNb - mWv \ap-°p-≠m-Ip-∂X - v. Bcm-[\ - m-{I-aØ - n¬ ssZhhN\-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-kz-`mhw Is≠-Øm≥ ssZh-P-\sØ ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-hgn c£m-IcN-cn-{X-Ønepw AhcpsS hy‡n-Po-hn-XØnepw Ahn-SpsØ {]h¿Ø\w Xncn®-dn-bm≥ \mw Ahsc klm-bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cn-°pw.
ssZh-h-N-\hpw Znhy-Im-cp-Wyhpw 54. hN-\hpw IqZm-i-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-∏‰n s]mXp-hmbn ]d-bs - ∏-Sp-∂X - n-\v, \mw Znhy-_en-b¿∏WØnte°v Xncn-bp-tºmƒ, IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ A¿∞w ssIh-cp-∂p. hN-\hpw Znhy-_en-b¿∏Whpw XΩn-ep≈ AKm-[-amb sFIyw hnip-≤-en-JnXw \¬Ip∂ km£yØn¬ (cf. tbml. 6; eq°m 24) A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂p. k`m-]n-Xm-°∑ - m¿ CXv km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬191 Bh¿Øn®p ÿnco-I-cn-°pIbpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ChnsS \mw, I^¿Wm-anse kn\tKm-Kn¬ Pohs‚ A∏-sØ-∏‰n tbip sNbvX {]`m-jW-sØ-°p-dn®pw (cf. tbml. 6:22-˛69) AXn¬ A¥¿`-hn®n-cn-°p∂ tamibpw tbiphpw XΩn-ep-≈; ssZh-tØmSv apJm-apJw kwkm-cn-®-h\pw (]p-d. 33:11) ssZhsØ shfns∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h\pw (cf. tbml. 1:18) XΩn-ep≈, Xmc-X-aysØ-°p-dn®pw Nn¥n-°p-∂p. A∏-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ tbiphns‚ {]`m-jWw ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-sØ-°p-dn®v kwkmcn-°p-∂p. Xs‚ P\-Øn-\p-th≠n acp-`q-an-bn¬h®v a∂mtbm-Sp-IqSn tamibv°v e`n-®-XmWo Zm\w. AXv bYm¿∞Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Poh-Zm-b-I-h-N-\-amb (cf. k¶o.119; kp`m. 9:5) "tXmdm'(Torah)bmWv. kz¥w hy‡n-XzØn¬ tbip Cu ]pcm-X\ {]Xn-—mb ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-te-°psIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p. ""ssZh-Øns‚ A∏w kz¿§-Øn¬\n-∂n-
hN\w k`-bn¬
109
d- ß n- h ∂v temI- Ø n\p Poh≥ \¬Ip- ∂ - X s{X''.... ""Rm\mWv Pohs‚ A∏w'' (tbm-l. 6:33-˛35). ChnsS ""\nbaw Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. \mw tbiphns\ I≠p-ap´ptºmƒ, Pohn-°p∂ ssZhw-Xs∂ \ap°v Blm-ca - m-bn-Øo-cp∂p F∂p-]d - b - mw. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \mw "kz¿§-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ A∏w' `£n-°p∂p.''192 I^¿Wmanse {]`m-j-W-Øn¬, tbml-∂ms‚ BapJw IqSp-X¬ Bg-ap≈ Hcp Xe-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-I-bm-Wv. AhnsS ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\w, "temtKmkv' amwk-am-bn-Øocp∂p. F∂m¬ ChnsS Cu amwkw temI-Øns‚ Poh-\p-th≠n \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ "A∏'ambn-Øo-cp∂p (cf. tbml. 6:51). Ipcnins‚ cl-ky-Ønse tbip-hns‚ kzbw-Zm-\-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ Hcp kqN\ Chn-sS-bp-≠v. Ahn-SpsØ c‡w "]m\ob'ambn (cf. tbml. 6:53) \¬Ip-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ hm°p-Iƒ CXv ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂p. Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚ clkyw bYm¿∞ a∂msb kz¿§- Ø n¬\n- ∂ p≈ bYm¿∞ A∏-sØ, shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. s]k-lm-c-l-kyØn¬ \ap-°p-th≠n Xs∂-Øs∂ \¬In-b, amwk-am-bnØo¿∂ ssZh-Øns‚ "temtKmkv' BW-Xv. FΩm-hq-kn-te°v t]mIp∂ injy-∑m-sc-∏-‰n-bp≈ eq°m-bpsS hnh-c-Ww, hN\w {ihn-°p-∂Xpw A∏w apdn°p-∂Xpw (cf. eq°m 24:13-˛35) XΩn-ep≈ Cu _‘-sØ°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ hnNn-¥\w \SØm≥ \sΩ {]m]vX-cm°p-∂p. km_-Øns‚ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw tbip injy-∑msc kao-]n-°p-Ibpw Xß-fpsS XI¿∂ {]Xym-i-Isf°pdn®v Ah¿ kwkm-cn-®-t∏mƒ AXv {i≤n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-cpsS bm{X-bn¬ Ah-tcm-sSm-∏w-tN¿∂p-sIm-≠v, ""hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - f - n¬ Xs∂-∏‰n Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂h - s - b√mw Ah≥ Ah¿°v hymJym-\n-®p-sIm-SpØp''(24:27). Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn F{Xtbm AZv`p-X-I-c-am-b-hn-[-Øn¬ ]cnN-b-ap-s≠∂ptXm∂nb Cu bm{Xn-I≥ IqsS-bp-≈-t∏mƒ, B c≠p injy-∑m¿ hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - f - n-te°v Hcp ]pXnb
110
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
coXn-bn¬ t\m°m≥ XpS-ßn. B Znh-k-ß-fn¬ kw`hn®h C\n-ta¬ ]cm-P-b-am-b-√, ]q¿Øo-I-c-Whpw Hcp ]pXnb XpS-°-hp-ambn Ah¿°\p`-h-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ Cu hN-\-߃t]mepw Ahsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw aXn-bmIpam-bn-cp-∂n√. tbip A∏w FSpØv Bio¿Δ-Zn®v apdn®v Ah¿°p sImSp-Ø-t∏mƒ am{Xw ""Ah-cpsS IÆv Xpd°-s∏-´p. Ah¿ Ahs\ Xncn-®d - n™p'' (24:31) F∂v eq°mbpsS kphn-tijw {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. t\c-sØ, ""Ahs\ Xncn®dnbm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w Ah-cpsS IÆp-Iƒ aqSs∏-´n-cp∂p'' (24:16). BZyw Ahn-SpsØ hN-\ß - f - neqsSbpw ]n∂oSv A∏w-ap-dn-°¬ F∂ {]hr-Øn-bneqsS-bpw, tbiphns‚ km∂n≤yw Ahn-SpsØ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ injy-∑msc {]m]vX-cm-°n. Ahn-Sp-tØm-sSm∏w Ah¿°v t\ctØ A\p-`-h-s∏-´n-cp-∂-h-sb√mw Ct∏mƒ Hcp ]pXnb coXn-bn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Ah¿°v Ign-™p. ""hgn-bn¬h®v Ah≥ hnip-≤-en-JnXw hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v \tΩmSv kw-km-cn®-t∏mƒ \ΩpsS lrZbw Pzen-®n-cp-∂nt√?'' (24:32). 55. hnip-≤-Ip¿_m-\bpam-bp≈ At`-Zy-amb AXns‚ _‘w hne-a-Xn-°m≥ hnip-≤-en-JnXw Xs∂ \tΩmSv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂-Xmbn Cu hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬\n∂v hy‡-amWv. ""k` hmbn-°p-Ibpw {]tLm-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ GI Dt±iyw ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bnse _enbpw Ir]-bpsS hncp-∂pw, AXm-bXv hnip-≤-Ip¿_m\bpw, BsW-∂p-≈Xv Hcn-°epw hnkvacn°m≥ Ign-bpI-bn-√.''193 H∂n√msX as‰m∂v \ap°v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ignbm-Ø-hn[w hN-\hpw Znhy-Im-cp-Wyhpw A{X AKm-[ambn ]c-kv]cw _-‘n-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Znhy_en-b¿∏WØn¬ ssZh-h-N\w IuZm-in-I-ambn amwkw [cn-°p-I-bmWv. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp [mc-W-bn-te°v hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ \sΩ Xpdhnbp-≈-h-cm-°p∂p. AXpt]m-se-X-s∂, AXns‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂v, hnip-≤-en-JnXw Znhy-_en-b¿∏WsØ {]Im-in-∏n-°p-Ibpw hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p-
hN\w k`-bn¬
111
Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v. hnip≤ Ip¿_m-\bn¬ I¿Øm-hns‚ bYm¿∞ km∂n≤yw \mw AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-]-£w, hnip≤-en-Jn-X-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ \ΩpsS [mcW A]q¿Æ-am-bncn-°pw. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ Htc Bcm-[-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bs√¶nepw Htc `‡n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv k` ssZh-h-N-\sØbpw Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-c-l-ky-sØbpw BZ-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Aß-s\-bp≈ BZ-chv k` Ft∏mgpw F√m-bn-SØpw \njvI¿jn-°p-Ibpw A\p-im-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Ah-fpsS ÿm]-Is‚ amXr-I-bm¬ t{]cn-X-bm-bn, ""hnip≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ Ah-s\-∏‰n Fgp-Xn-b-h-sb√mw'' (eq°m 24:27) hmbn-°m≥ H∂n-®p-IqSn Ahn-SpsØ s]k-lm-c-lkyw BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xnepw I¿Øm-hns‚ kvac-W-bpsS BtLm-j-Ønepw IqZm-i-Ifn-epw-IqSn c£-Wo-b-ZuXyw \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xnepw\n∂v k` Hcn-°epw hnc-an-®n-´n-√.''194
hN-\-Øns‚ IuZm-in-IX 56. IqZmi A\p-jvTm-\-Ønse ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø\kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hnNn-¥-\hpw ssZh-hN-\-Øn-s‚bpw hnip≤ Ip¿_m-\-bpsSbpw ]c-kv]-c-_‘-sØ-∏‰n h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ aXn∏pw \sΩ as‰mcp kp{][m-\-{]-ta-b-Øn-te°v hN-\-Øns‚ IuZm-in-I-X-bn-te°v,195 \bn-°p-∂p. kn\Uv ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn-™ph∂ {]ta- b - a m- W n- X v . ""shfn- ] m- S ns‚ IuZm- i n- I - k z`mh''sØ°p-dn®pw {]tXy-In®v ""Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚ ASbmf''sØ°p-dn®pw tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏ ]cma¿in-®n-´p-≠v. ""Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Ønse kqN-I\pw kqNnXhpw XΩn-ep≈ Ahn-`m-Py-amb sFIyw cl-ky-Øns‚ Bg-߃ a\- n-em-°p-I-sb-∂Xv km≤y-am-°p-∂p.''196 tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS ]cm-a¿i߃ A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂Xv ChnsS klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. ssZhh-N-\-Øns‚ IuZm-in-I-X-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn-ep-≈Xv a\pjym-h-Xm-c-Øn-s‚-Xs∂ cl-ky-am-sW∂v \ap°v ImWm-
112
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
\n-S-h-cp-∂p. ""hN\w amwk-ambn'' (tbm-l. 1:14). shfn-s∏Sp- Ø - s ∏´ cl- k y- Ø ns‚ bmYm¿∞yw ]p{Xs‚ ""amwk''Øn¬ \ap-°v \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ hm°pI-fp-sSbpw I¿Ω-ß-fp-sSbpw ""AS-bmf''Øn¬IqSn ssZhh-N\w hnizm-kØ - m¬ Z¿in-°m≥ Ign-bpw. ssZhw Xs∂Øs∂ \ap°v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hm°p-Ifpw I¿Ω-ßfpw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v hnizmkw ssZh-h-N-\sØ AwKo-I-cn°p-∂p. shfn-]m-Sns‚ IuZm-in-Ik - z-`mhw c£m-Nc - n-{X-Ønte-°v, ÿe-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ssZh-h-N\w {]th-in-°p∂ am¿§-Øn-te°v hnc¬Nq-≠p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ Zm\w hnizm-k-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-°m≥ hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ P\ß-tfmSv kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. IqZmi sNø- s ∏´ A∏- Ø nepw ho™n- e pap≈ {InkvXp-hns‚ bYm¿∞ km∂n-≤y-hp-am-bp≈ kmZr-iyØn-eqsS hN-\-Øns‚ IuZm-in-IX Aßs\ a\- n-em°m≥ Ign-bpw.197 AƒØmcsb kao-]n-°p-Ibpw Znhy-Imcp-Wy-hn-cp-∂n¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v \mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-c-‡-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-tNcp-I-bm-Wv. A¿∏-W-k-a-bsØ ssZh-h-N-\-{]-tLm-jWw {InkvXp-Xs∂ k∂n-ln-X\ - m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ahn-Sp∂v \tΩmSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw198 {ihn°-s∏-Sm≥ AhnSp∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-∂p-ap≈ Hcw-Ko-Imcw A\n-hm-cyam-°p-∂p. Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-sØbpw ssZh-hN - \ - s - Øbpw \mw kao-]n-t°≠sXß-s\-sb∂v hnip≤ sPtdmw ]d-bp-∂p≠v: ""\mw hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - ƒ hmbn-°p-∂p. F\n°v kphntijw {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-am-Wv. Fs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-StØmfw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ Ahn-SpsØ {]t_m-[-\-amWv. "\n߃ a\p-jy-]p-{Xs‚ icocw `£n-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ c‡w ]m\w-sN-øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂n-s√-¶n¬' (tbml. 6:53) F∂v Ahn-Sp∂v Acp-fn-s®-øp-tºmƒ (Zn-hy-Im-cpWy) cl-ky-tØmSv _‘-s∏-SpØn AXv a\- n-em-°msa-¶nepwIqSn, hmkvX-h-Øn¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-c-‡-
hN\w k`-bn¬
113
߃ hnip-≤-enJnXØnse hN-\-am-Wv, ssZh-Øns‚ {]t_m-[-\-am-Wv. \mw (Zn-hy-Im-cp-Wy) cl-kysØ kao]n-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp sNdp-Xcn Xmsg-ho-Wm¬ \mw hnj-an°p-∂p. F∂m¬ \mw ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p-Ibpw ssZhh-N-\hpw {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-c-‡-ßfpw \ΩpsS ImXpI-fn-te°v Hgp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ \mw {i≤n-°m-Ø]£w F¥p henb B]Xv`oXn \ap°v A\p-`h - s - ∏-tS≠XmWv?''199 A∏Øns‚bpw ho™n-s‚bpw cq]-ß-fn¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ {InkvXp, Bcm[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ {]tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hN-\-Øn¬ kmZri-co-Xn-bn¬ k∂n-ln-X-\m-Wv. Aß-s\, ssZh-h-N-\Øns‚ IuZm-in-I-X-sb-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ Hcp [mc-Wbv°v \sΩ shfn-]m-Sns‚ cl-ky-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ GIo-Ir-X-amb Hcp [mc-W-bn-te°v \bn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. CXv kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv ""B¥-cn-I-ambn ]c-kv]cw _‘n-X-ßfmb {]hr-ØnIfpw hm°p-Ifpw''200 hgn-bm-Wv. CXn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ aXn∏v hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Bflo-b-Po-hnX-Øn\pw k`-bpsS AP-]m-e-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw {]tbmP-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.
hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xhpw seIvjW-dnbpw (Xn-cp-°¿Ωhm-b\m kam-lm-cw) 57. hN-\hpw hnip≤ Ip¿_m-\bpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬In-s°m-≠v, hN-\i - p-{iq-jt- bmSv _‘s∏´ Xncp-°¿Ω-Øns‚ Nne hi-ß-fn-te°v {i≤ £Wn°m≥ kn\Upw icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ B{K-ln-®p. BZyambn "seIvjW-dn-'bpsS {]m[m\yw ]cm-a¿in-°m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ Blzm\w sNbvX \ho-Ic - W - w,201 hnip≤enJn-Xt- ØmSv IqSp-X¬ kº-∂a - mbn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂X - n¬ ^e-aW - n-™n-´p-≠v. AXv Ct∏mƒ kar-≤-ambn \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂p, {]tXy-In®v Rmbdm-gvNsØ Znhy-_e - n-bn¬. seIvjW-dn-bpsS Ct∏m-gsØ
114
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
LS\ Aev]w Bh¿Ø-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn hnip-≤-en-Jn-XØnse IqSp-X¬ {]m[m-\y-ap≈ Nne `mK-߃ Ah-X-cn∏n-°p-I-am-{X-a√; ssZhn-I-]-≤-Xn-bpsS sFIyw a\- n-em°m≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]g-b-\n-b-aØnepw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Ønepw\n∂p≈ hmb-\-I-fpsS ]ckv]-c-_‘w aqe-am-Wn-Xv. ""Ahn-SpsØ s]k-lm-c-l-kyØn¬ A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ {InkvXp tI{μhy‡n-bmbp≈''202 Hcp ]c-kv]c - _ - ‘ - a - m-Wn-Xv. B hmb\Iƒ XΩnep≈ _‘w Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw sshj-ay߃ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Imt\m-\nI hymJym-\Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬, AXm-bXv samØ-Øn¬Xs∂ ss__n-fn¬ A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-´p≈ sFIyw ]cn-tim-[n®p-sIm-≠v, Ahsb kao-]n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Bh-iy-ap-≈-bnS-ß-fn¬, {]mK-¤y-ap≈ Imcym-e-b-߃°pw kwL߃°pw Xncp-°¿Ω-ß-fnse hmb-\-I-fpsS ]mc-kv]cyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Dt±-in-®p≈ {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ ]pds∏-Sp-hn-°m-\p≈ {Iao-I-cWw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ahsb√mw AXm-Xp-Im-esØ Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw A\p-im-kn°p∂ Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ {]tLm-jn-°-s∏-SWw. a‰v {]iv\-ßfpw {]bm-k-ßfpw ssZhn-Im-cm-[-\bv°pw IqZm-i-I-fpsS ]cn-I¿Ω-Øn-\p-ap≈ Xncp-kw-LØns‚ {i≤-bn¬sIm-≠p-h-tc-≠-Xm-Wv. eØo≥ doØnse Ct∏m-gsØ seIvjW-dn°v FIyqsa-\nkw kw_-‘n®v {]m[m\yw Ds≠-∂p≈ hkvXpX \mw Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. Imc-Ww, ItØm-en-°m-k-`bp-ambn Ct∏mgpw ]q¿Æ Iq´m-bva-bn-em-bn-´n-√mØ kaql-ßfpw AXp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p≠v. seIvjW-dn-bpsS {]iv\w ]uckvXy ItØm-en°m-k-`-I-fpsS Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-ß-fn¬ hyXy-kvX-am-bmWv Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-I. kzbw-`c - W - m-hI - m-ia - p≈ k`-If - psS {]tXyI ]mc-º-cy-Øn\pw {]mK-¤y-Øn\pw A\pkrXambpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ FIyq-sa-\nkw kw_-‘n®
hN\w k`-bn¬
115
]›m-Øew IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠pw Cu {]iv\w ""B[n-Im-cn-Ia - mbn ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥''203 kn\Uv A`y¿∞n°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
hN-\-{]-tLm-j-Whpw hmb-\-°m-cs‚ ip{iqjbpw 58. ssZh-h-N-\-{]-tLm-j-W-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ {i≤ sNep-Ø-W-sa∂v Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kn\Uv t\c-tØ-Xs∂ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.204 Hcp sshZn-It\m Uo°t\m kphn-tijw hmbn-°p-tºmƒ, \n›-bn-°-s∏´ Hcp hmb-\-°m-ct\m hmb-\-°m-cntbm H∂m-a-sØbpw c≠m-a-sØbpw hmb-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-I-bmWv eØo≥ ]mcº-cy-sa∂v Adn-bm-a-s√m. Bcm-[-\m-{I-am-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬ hmb- \ - ° m- c s‚ Npa- X e \n¿Δ- l n- ° p- ∂ - h ¿°v , 205 {]tXyIn®v hmb-\° - m-cs‚ ip{iqj \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂h - ¿°v, aXn-bmb ]cn-io-e-\w \¬tI-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX206 Hcn°¬°qSn Du∂n-∏-d™ kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑msc ]n≥XpW- b v ° m≥ Rm≥ B{K- l n- ° p- ∂ p. hmb- \ - ° m- c s‚ ip{iqj eØo≥ doØn¬ Hcp Aevamb ip{iq-j-bm-Wv. Cu Npa-Xe Gev]n-®n-´p≈ F√m-h¿°pw, Ah¿ hmb\m-ip-{iq-j° - p-th≠n \nb-an-Xc - s - √-¶n¬t∏m-epw, bYm¿∞Øn¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]cn-io-e\w {i≤m-]p-c- cw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu ]cn-io-e\w ss__n-fn-t\mSv _‘s∏-´Xpw Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-]-chpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ kmt¶Xn-Ih - p-am-bn-cn-°W - w. ""ss__nƒkw-_‘ - a - mb Ah-cpsS cq]o-I-c-W-Øns‚ Dt±iyw hmb-\-°m¿°v kμ¿`m-\p-kcWw hmb-\-Iƒ {Kln-°m\pw shfn-s∏-Sp∂ ktμ-iØns‚ tI{μmi-bsØ°p-dn®v hnizm-k-sh-fn-®-Øn¬ Ah-t_m[w D≠m-Im-\p-ap≈ Ignhv \¬Ip-I-bm-Wv. hN\-Øns‚ Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw LS-\bpw AXn\v Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚ Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øns‚ {]m[m-\yw, F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v Bh-iy-amb
116
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Adn-hp-≠m-Im≥ Bcm-[\ - m-{Ia cq]o-Ic - Ww hmb-\° - msc Hcp-°-Ww. Ah-cp-sS-Xs∂ i_vZ-Øns‚ i‡n-sImt≠m D-]-I-c-W-Øns‚ klm-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm ]c-ky-ambn hmbn-°p∂ Ie-bn¬, kmt¶-Xn-I-amb Xøm-sd-Sp∏v hmb\-°msc hnZ-Kv≤-cm-°-Ww.''207
kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-K-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw 59. ssZh-P-\-Ønse Hmtcm AwK-Øn\pw ""ssZh-h-N\-tØmSv _‘-s∏´v hyXykvX Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hmZn-Ø-ß-fp-am-Wp-≈-Xv. XZ-\p-k-c-Ww, hnizm-kn-Iƒ ssZhh-N\w {ihn-°p-Ibpw AXn-s\-°p-dn®v [ym\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬, Xncp-∏´w kzoI-cn®v {]t_m-[\ NpaX-e-bp-≈-h¿ AYhm B ip{iqj `c-ta-ev]n-°-s∏-´-h¿'', AXm-bXv sa{Xm-∑m¿, sshZn-I¿, Uo°-∑m¿ F∂n-h¿ ""ssZh-h-N\w hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.''208 AXpsIm≠v kn\Un-ep-S-\ofw kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-K-Øn\p \¬Inb {i≤ a\ n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. "D]-hn-bpsS IqZmi' F∂ A∏kvtXm-enI DZvt_m-[\ - Ø - n¬ Rm≥ C{]-Imcw Nq≠n-°mWn- ° p- I - b p- ≠ m- b n. ""ssZh- h - N - \ - Ø ns‚ {]m[m\yw t\m°p-tºmƒ, kphn-ti-j{- ]-kw-Kß - f - psS KpW-\n-eh - mcw sa®-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. kphn-ti-j-{]-kwKw ""Bcm-[-\m{I-am-\p-jvTm-\Ø - ns‚ `mK-am-Ip-∂p.'' hnizm-kn-If - psS PohnX-ß-fn¬ AXv ^ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°-Ø-°-hn[w ssZh-hN-\-sØ-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ Hcp [mcW hf¿Øp-I-bmWv AXns‚ Dt±-iyw.''209 Xß-fpsS ssZ\wZn-\-Po-hn-X-ß-fn¬ ssZh-h-N\w k∂n-ln-X-am-sW∂pw {]h¿Ø-\\ - n-cX - a - m-sW-∂pw a\- n-em-°m≥ hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ hnip-≤-en-JnX kw_-‘-amb ktμiw Pohn-X-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cm-\p≈ Hcp am¿§amWv kphn-ti-j{- ]-kw-Kw. AXv A\p-jvTn-°s - ∏-Sp∂ clky-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp [mc-W-bn-te°v \bn-°p-Ibpw ZuXy-Øn-te-°p≈ Hcp £W-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw
hN\w k`-bn¬
117
hnizm-k-{]-I-S-\-Øn\pw km¿Δ-{XnI {]m¿∞-\bv°pw Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-]-c-amb Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn-\pw-th≠n hnizmkn-k-aq-lsØ Hcp-°p-Ibpw thWw. XXv^-e-am-bn, Hcp {]tXyI ip{iq-j-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]t_m-[\w \¬Im≥ Npa-X-es∏-´-h¿ Cu I¿Øhyw s\©n-te-t‰≠-Xm-Wv. kmam-\yhpw tIh-e-hp-amb {]kw-K-߃ ssZhh-N-\-Øns‚ B¿÷-h-Øn\p aß-te-ev]n-°p-∂p. Ah Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWv D]-tbm-Kiq-\y-amb imJm-Nw-{I-a-W-ß-fpw. kphn-ti-j-k-tμ-iØns‚ lrZ-b-Øn-te°v F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X-embn {]kw-KI-\n-te°v {i≤ BI¿jn-°p-I-sb∂ A]-ISw AXn-\p-≠v. Hmtcm kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-K-Øns‚bpw tI{μØn¬ \n¬t°≠ {InkvXp-hns\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ \n¿∫-‘] - q¿Δ-amb Hcm-{Klw {]kw-KI-\p-s≠∂v hy‡ambn a\- n-em-°m≥ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p Ign-b-Ww. C°mc-WØ - m¬ {]kw-KI - ¿ hnip-≤{- K-Ÿh - p-ambn KmVhpw \nc¥-c-hp-amb kº¿°w ]pe¿tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.210 t_m≤ytØmSpw Xo£vW-ambpw {]kw-Kn-°-Ø-°-hÆw Ah¿ [ym\n®pw {]m¿∞n®pw {]kwKw Xøm-dm-°-Ww. C\n-]-dbp∂ tNmZy-߃ a\- n¬ kq£n-°-W-sa∂v kn\Uv ktΩ-f\w Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ""{]tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hnip-≤en-Jn-X-߃ F¥mWv ]d-bp-∂Xv? Ft∂mSv hy‡n-]-cambn Ah F¥v ]d-bp∂p? AXns‚ kaq¿Øm-h-ÿbpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ kaq-l-tØmSv Rm≥ F¥p ]dbWw?''211 {]kw-K-I≥ ""Bbn-cn-°Ww Xm≥ {]tLm-jn°p∂ ssZh-hN - \ - Ø - ns‚ BZysØ t{imXmhv.''212 hnip≤ BK-kvXo-t\mkv Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""B¥-cn-I-ambn ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°msX _mly-ambn AXv {]kw-Kn-°p∂-h≥ ^e-iq-\y-\m-Wv.''213 RmbdmgvN-Iƒ°pw Xncp-\mfp-Iƒ°p-ap≈ kphn-ti-{]-kwKw {i≤m-]q¿Δw Xøm-dmt°-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu Znh-k-ß-fnse Bfp-Iƒ kw_-‘n°p∂ Znhy-_-en-I-fnepw km[n-°p-tºm-sgms° katbm-
118
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
NnX-amb sNdnb hnNn-¥-\-߃ \¬Ip-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°-cpXv. {]tLm-jn-°s - ∏´ hN-\sØ kzmKXw sNøm\pw XßfpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ ^e-a-Wn-bm≥ AXns\ A\p-h-Zn°m\pw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Ah klm-b-I-am-Ipw.
kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-K-I-e-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ Hcp Ub-dIvS-dn-bpsS A\p-tbm-PyX 60. seIvjW-dn-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb \√ {]kw-KØns‚ Ie hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-t°≠ Hcp Ie-bm-Wv. AXpsIm-≠v, ap≥ kn\Uv {]I-Sn-∏n® B{K-lØ - ns‚214 XpS¿®bm-bn, Ign-bp-∂{X G‰hpw \∂mbn Xß-fpsS Npa-X-e\n¿Δ-ln-°m≥ ip{iqjIsc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v "Znhy-ImcpWy kw{Kl'Øns‚215 amXr-I-bn¬ {]mtbm-KnI {]kn≤o-I-c-W-߃ Xøm-dm-°m≥ _‘-s∏´ A[n-Im-cn-I-tfmSv Rm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, {]kw-KI¿°v Ah-cpsS ip{iq-jm-\n¿Δ-lW - Ø - ns‚ Hcp-°Ø - n\v {]tbmP-\-I-c-amb klmbw e`n-°p-∂, kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-K-sØ°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp Ub-d-IvSdn Xøm-dm-°mw. hnip≤ sPtdmw \sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, {]kw-K-tØm-sSm∏w Hcp \√ Pohn-X-Øns‚ km£yhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww: ""\nß-fpsS {]hr-Øn-Iƒ \nß-fpsS hm°p-Iƒ°v hncp≤-am-I-cp-Xv. A√m-Ø-]-£w, \n߃ ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ {]kw-Kn-°p-tºmƒ, \nßsf tIƒ°p-∂-h¿ Cßs\ Nn¥n-°m≥ XpS-ßn-tb-°mw. "\n߃°p-Xs∂ F¥psIm≠v A{]-Imcw sNbvXp-IqSm?'.... {InkvXp-hns‚ sshZnI-\n¬ Nn¥bv°pw hm°n\pw tbmPn-∏p-≠m-I-Ww.''216
ssZh-h-N-\hpw A\p-c-RvP-\hpw tcmKo-te-]\hpw 61. ssZh-h-N-\hpw IqZm-i-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘Øns‚ tI{μ- Ø n¬ \ne- s Im≈p∂Xv Xo¿®- b mbpw hnip≤ Ip¿_m\bm-Wv. F∂m¬ ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\v a‰v
hN\w k`-bn¬
119
IqZm-i-I-fn¬, {]tXy-In®v kuJy-Øns‚ IqZm-i-I-fn¬, AXm-bXv A\p-cR - vP\ - Ø - ns‚ AYhm A\p-Xm-]Ø - ns‚ IqZm-i-bnepw tcmKo-te-]\w F∂ IqZm-i-bn-epap≈ {]m[m-\y-Øn\pw \mw Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠X - m-Wv. Cu IqZmi-I-fnse hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ ]¶v ]e-t∏mgpw Ah-KWn-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-bn¬ AXn-\p≈ ÿm\w Dd-∏m-t°-≠X - m-Wv. ssZh-hN - \w A\p-cR - vP\ - Ø - ns‚ Hcp hN-\a - m-Ip-∂p. Imc-Ww, AXn¬ ssZhw F√m Imcy-ßfpw Xt∂m-Sp-Xs∂ cay-Xs - ∏-SpØn (cf. 2 tImdn. 5:18-˛20; Ft^. 1:10). tbip-hn¬ amwk-am-bn-Øo¿∂, ssZh-Øns‚ £an°p∂ kvt\lw ]m]nsb Db¿Øp∂p''217 CXv \mw Hcn°epw ad-°m≥ ]mSn-√. ""ssZh-h-N-\-Øn-eqsS ss{IkvXh-hn-izmkn Xs‚ ]m]-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ {]Imiw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw am\-km-¥-c-Øn-te°pw ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-Øn-ep≈ ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn-te°pw hnfn-°-s∏Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.''218 ssZh-h-N\Øns‚ A\p-c-RvP-\-i‡n-bpsS AKm-[-amb Hc-\p-`hw D≠m-Im≥, hnip-≤-enJn-X-Ønse A\p-tbm-Py-amb Hcp `mKw [ym\n-®p-sIm≠v Ipº-km-cØ - n-s\m-cp-ßm\pw _‘-s∏´ doØn¬ hyhÿ sNbvXn-´p≈ ss__n-fnse Hcp DZvt_m-[\w hmbn-°pItbm {ihn-°p-Itbm sNbvXp-sIm≠v Ipº-kmcw Bcw`n-°m\pw ]›m-Ø] - n-°p∂ hy‡nsb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-t°≠-Xm-Wv. ]›m-Øm]w {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ, Ipº-km-cn°p∂ Bƒ, _‘-s∏´ doØn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≈, ""hnip≤-en-Jn-X-Ønse hN-\-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp {]m¿∞\''219 D]tbmKn-°p-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn-°pw. B≠ph-´Ø - nse {]tXyI kμ¿`-ßf - n¬ AYhm Ah-kcw In´ptºm-sgm-s°, hyXykvX Bcm-[-\m-{Ia ]mc-º-cy-ß-tfmSp≈ BZ-c-thm-Sp-IqSn km[n-°p-sa-¶n¬, _‘-s∏´ doØn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp∂ A\pXm-]-ip-{iq-j-I-fn¬ ]s¶SpØv ]›m-Ø-]n-°p∂ At\-Iw-t]¿ hy‡n-]-c-ambn Ipº-km-cn-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. Chn-sS, A\p-tbm-Py-amb
120
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hmb-\-I-fn-eq-sS, hN-\-Øns‚ ip{iq-jbv°v IqSp-X¬ kabw \o°n-h-bv°m≥ Ign-bpw. tcmKo-te-]\ - Ø - ns‚ Imcy-Ønepw ""ssZh-hN - \ - Ø - ns‚ kuJy-Zm-b-I-i‡n t{imXm-hns‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb am\km-¥-c-Øn-\p≈ \nc-¥-c-amb Hcp hnfn''220bmsW∂v ad°m≥ ]mSn-√. ssZhw \¬Ip∂ km¥z-\-sØbpw XpWtbbpw kuJy-sØ-bpw-Ip-dn®v kwkm-cn-°p∂ At\Iw hnip-≤-{KŸ `mK-ß-fp-≠v. kln-°p-∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ tbiphn-s‚-Xs∂ kmao-]y-sØbpw Ah-Xc - n® ssZh-hN - \ - a - mb Ahn-Sp∂v F{]-Im-ca - mWv \ΩpsS thZ\ Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw \tΩm-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øm¬ kln-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ tcmKØn\pw ac-W-Øn\pw A¿∞w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXXv F∂-Xn-s\-bpw-Ip-dn®v \ap°v {]tXy-I-ambn Nn¥n-°mw. kml-N-cy-ß-f-\p-k-cn-®v, CS-h-I-I-fnepw Bip-]-{Xn-Ifnepw tcmKo-te-]\w F∂ IqZmi Iq´mbn ]cn-I¿Ωw sNøp-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. Cu kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ hN-\-Øns‚ ]cn-I¿Ω-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ CSw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. Xn∑bn¬\n∂v \sΩ tamNn-∏n-°p∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ c£m-I-c_-en-tbmSv tN¿∂p-sIm≠v Xß-fpsS thZ-\-Iƒ hnizmk-]q¿Δw kln-°m≥ tcmKn-Isf klm-bn-°p-Ibpw thWw.
ssZh-h-N-\hpw bma-{]m¿∞-\bpw 62. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ {]m¿∞\m-cq-]-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ bma-{]m¿∞-\bv°v kwi-bm-XoX-amb Hcp ÿm\-ap-≠v. ""hnip≤ enJn-X-hp-ambpw k`bpsS kPoh ]mc-º-cy-hp-am-bp≈ kº¿°-Øn-te°v hnizm-kn-Isf B\-bn-°p∂ ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p-∂Xns‚ Hcp khn-ti-j-cq]w''221 F∂mWv kn\Uv ]nXm°-∑m¿ bma-{]m¿∞-\-sb-∏‰n ]d-™-Xv. F√m-‰n-ep-ap-]cn, Cu {]m¿∞-\-bpsS ssZh-im-kv{X-]-chpw k`m-]-c-hpamb al-Øz-sØ-∏‰n \mw hnNn-¥\w sNø-Ww. ""bma-
hN\w k`-bn¬
121
{]m¿∞-\-bn¬, k`, Ah-fpsS \mYs‚ ]utcm-ln-Xy-]Zhn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠v, "CS-hn-SmsX' (1 sXk. 5:17) ssZh-Øn\v kvtXm{X-_-en, AXm-bXv Ahn-SpsØ \maw G‰p-]-d-bp∂ A[-c-ß-fpsS ^ew (cf. sl{_m. 13:15) A¿∏n-°p-∂p. Cu {]m¿∞\ "Hcp aW-hm´n Ah-fpsS aW-hm-f-t\mSv kwkm-cn-°p∂ kzc-am-Wv. Xs‚ Xncp-i-coc-tØm-sSm∏w {InkvXp Xs∂ ]nXm-hns\ A`n-kw-t_m[\ sNbvX AtX {]m¿∞\ Xs∂-bm-Wn-Xv.''222 CXp kw_-‘n®v c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ Cßs\ {]kvXm-hn-®p: ""X∑qew Cu ip{iqj \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-hsc√mw Xncp- -`-bpsS Hcp I¿Øhyw \nd-th-‰pI am{X-a√, {InkvXp-hns‚ aW-hm-´n-bpsS ]c-a-amb _lp-am-\Øn¬ ]¶p-]-‰p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v. ImcWw kvXpXn-ka¿∏Ww hgn amXm-hmb Xncp- -`-bpsS \ma-Øn-et{X Ah¿ ssZh-knw-lm-k-\-Øns‚ apºn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv.223 k`-bpsS ]cky {]m¿∞-\-sb∂ \ne-bn¬, bma{]m¿∞-\, ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw k¶o¿Ø\-߃ sNm√p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw Xmf-{I-a-Øm¬ ap{Zn-X-ambn apgp- h ≥ Znh- k - s Øbpw hnip- ≤ o- I - c n- ° p- I - s b∂ ss{IkvXh BZ¿i-amWv apt∂m´v hbv°p-I. Cu coXnbn¬ F√m {]h¿Ø-\hpw ssZh-Øn\p ka¿∏n-°p∂ kvXpXn-tbmSv _‘-s∏-Sp-∂p. XßfpsS Pohn- X m- ¥ \pk- c n®v bma- { ]m¿∞\ sNm√m≥ IS-s∏-´-h¿ apgp-h≥ k`-bp-sSbpw \∑-bv°pth≠n Cu Npa-Xe hniz-kvX-Xm-]q¿Δw \n¿Δ-ln-°-Ww. Cu Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw A\p-jvTn-°m≥ k` Npa-X-e-s∏-SpØn-bn-´p≈ sa{Xm-∑mcpw sshZn-Icpw sshZn-I-hn-Zym¿∞nIfpw Znh-kw-tXmdpw F√m bma-{]m¿∞-\-Ifpw sNm√m≥ IS-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv.224 kzbw`c-Wm-h-Im-iap≈ ]uckvXy ItØm-en-°m-k-`-I-fn¬, Cu Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw A\p-jvTn°m-\p≈ IS-∏mSv kw_-‘n-®v, Ah-cpsS {]tXy-I-\n-b-aØnse \n¿t±-i-߃ ]n≥Xp-S-tc-≠-Xm-Wv.225 bma{]m¿∞-
122
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
\ sNm√p-∂-Xn¬ A\p-I-c-Wo-b-cm-bn-cn-°m\pw Aßs\ apgph≥ k`-bp-sSbpw B≤ym-fln-Ihpw AP-]m-e-\-]-c-hpamb Pohn-X-Øn¬ am¿§-Z¿i-\-Øn-\p≈ Hcp tI{μhpw {]tNm-Z\ - h - p-am-bn-Øo-cm\pw ka¿∏n-XP - o-hnXw \bn-°p∂ kaq-l-ßsf Rm≥ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu {]m¿∞-\, {]tXy-In®v {]`m-X-{]m¿∞-\bpw kmbm-” {]m¿∞-\bpw sNm√p-∂-Xv, ssZh-P-\-Øn-s‚-bn-Sbn¬ IqSp-X¬ hym]-I-am-°m≥ kn\Uv A`y¿∞n-®p. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS `mKØv ssZh-h-N\w IqSp-X¬ ]cn-Nn-Xam-Ip-∂-Xn-te°p \bn-°m≥ CXn\p Ign-bpw. Rmb-dm-gvNI-fp-sSbpw Xncp-\m-fp-I-fp-sSbpw BZysØ kmbm” \akvIm-c-Øn-\p≈ bma-{]m¿∞-\-I-fpsS aqey-Øn-\pw, {]tXy-In®v ]uckvXy ItØm-en-°m-k`- I - f - n¬, Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu e£y-Øn-\p-th-≠n, km[n-°p∂ CSßfn-sem-s°, CS-h-I-Ifpw k\ym-k-k-aq-l-ß-fpw, Aevamb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn, Cu {]m¿∞\ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-W-sa∂v Rm≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p.
ssZh-h-N-\hpw Bio¿Δm-Z-ß-fpsS {KŸhpw 63. AXp-t]m-se-Xs - ∂, Bio¿Δm-Zß - f - psS {KŸw D]tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ, ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-°m\pw {ihn°m\pw {lkz-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-°m\pw \o°n-h-®n-´p≈ `mKw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. k` {Iao-I-cn-°p-Ibpw hnizmkn- I ƒ Bh- i y- s ∏- S p- I bpw sNøp∂ kμ¿`- ß - f n¬ Bio¿Δm-Z-I¿-Ωw H‰-s∏´ Fs¥-¶n-ep-am-ImsX ssZh-P\-Øns‚ Bcm-[\ - m-{I-aP - o-hn-Xh - p-ambn AXns‚ icn-bmb Af-hn¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Cu A¿∞-Øn¬, ""{]tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬\n∂v AXns‚ s]mcpfpw ^e-Zm-b-I-Xzhpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂'' 226 bYm¿∞Øn¬ hnip- ≤ - a mb Hc- S - b m- f - a mWv Bio¿Δm-Zw. AXp-sIm≠v ssZh-Øns‚ A[-c-ß-fn¬\n∂p-]p-d-s∏-Sp∂ Hmtcm hm°n\pw (cf. aØm. 4:4) th≠n-
hN\w k`-bn¬
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bp≈ Hcp hni∏pw Zmlhpw hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ ho≠pw DW¿Øm-\p≈ Hcp am¿§-ambn Cu kμ¿`-߃ D]-tbmKn-°p-∂Xpw {][m-\-am-Wv.
Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ ]¶m-fnØw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\p≈ A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw {]mtbm-KnI \n¿t±-i-ßfpw 64. Bcm-[-\m-{I-ahpw ssZh-h-N-\hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘Øns‚ Nne ASn-ÿm\ LS-I-߃ N¿® sNbvXXn-\p-ti-jw, Bcm-[-\m-{I-am-\pjvTm\-ß-fpsS ]›m-Øe-Øn¬ AYhm Ah-tbmSv _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-¶nepw ap≥s]-∂-tØ-°mfpw IqSp-X-embn ssZhP-\sØ ssZhh-N-\-hp-ambn ]cn-Nn-X-cm-°m≥th≠n kn\Uv ]nXm-°∑m¿ apt∂m-´p-h® GXm\pw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw A`n-{]m-bßfpw D∂-bn-°m\pw hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. a) ssZh-h-N-\-ip-{iqj
65. Xß-fpsS ip{iq-jbv°v `c-ta-ev]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ kaq-lß - fn¬ hN\ ip{iq-jbv°v A¿∏n-°s - ∏-Sp∂ Ahk-c-߃ {Iao-I-cn-°m≥ F√m AP-]m-eIscbpw kn\Uv ]nXm- ° - ∑ m¿ t{]m’m- l n- ∏ n- ® p. 227 Cu ip{iq- j - I ƒ I¿Øm-hp-ambn I≠p-ap-´p-hm\p≈ khn-tij kμ¿`-ßfm-Wv. Cu k{º-Zmbw Xo¿®-bmbpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v KpWI-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. Bcm-[-\m-{Ia cq]o-I-c-WØns‚ Hcp kp{]-[m\ LS-I-ambn CXns\ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Rmb-dm-gvNsØ Znhy-_en-bpsS Hcp Hcp-°s - a-∂\ - n-eb - n¬ Cu Xc-Øn-ep≈ I¿Ω-߃°v {]tXyI {]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. seIvjWdn-bpsS kº-∂-X-Iƒ Bg-Øn¬ Bcm-bm\pw {]tXy-In®v BK-a-\-Øn-s‚bpw {InkvXp-a- n-s‚bpw henb t\mºn-s‚bpw CuÃ-dn-s‚bpw henb Bcm-[-\m{I-aI - m-eß - f - n¬ {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xs - Ø-°p-
124
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
dn®v [ym\n-°p-Ibpw sNøm\pw hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bn°m-\p≈ Hcp am¿§w-Iq-Sn-bm-W-h. sshZn-I-cpsS Ipd-hpsIm≠v Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw IS-ap≈ Xncp-\m-fp-I-fnepw Znhy-_-en-b¿∏n-°m≥ km[n-°mØ kaq-l-ß-fn¬ ssZhh-N\ ip{iq-jI - ƒ°v {]tXy-Ia - mbn henb t{]m’m-l\w \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. "D]hnbpsS IqZmi' F∂ kn\-U\¥c At∏m-kvX-enI DZvt_m-[-\-Øn¬ sshZn-Is‚ A`mh-Øn¬ Rmb-dm-gvNsØ ip{iq-jI - ƒ kw_-‘n®v228 t\ctØ-Xs∂ \¬In-bn-´p≈ kqN-\-Iƒ a\- n¬h-®p-sIm≠pthWw CXv \n¿h-ln-°m≥. _‘-s∏´ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, hy‡n-k-`I-fnse A\p-`hw Dƒs°m-≠v, ip{iq-jm-kw_-‘-amb Ub-d-IvS-dn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°-W-sa∂v Rm≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-bp≈ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ hnizmkn-I-fpsS hnizmkw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ hN-\ip-{iq-j-Iƒ°v CXv klm-b-I-am-Ipw. AtX-k-abw CXv Znhy-_-en-bm-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂ A]-ISw Hgn-hm-°pIbpw thWw. ""t\tc-a-dn-®v, Xs‚ Xncpa\- n-\p tbmPn® hnip≤cmb sshZn- I sc Ab- b v ° m≥ ssZh- t ØmSv {]m¿∞n- ° p∂ khn- t ij \nan- j - ß - f m- b n- c n- ° Ww Ah.''229 Xo¿∞mS-\-ß-fnepw {]tXyI Xncp-\m-fp-I-fnepw P\{]n-b-an-j-\p-I-fnepw Bflob [ym\-ß-fnepw {]mb-›n-ØØn\pw ]cn-lm-c-Øn\pw A\p-Xm-]-Øns‚ {]tXyI Znhk-ß-fnepw ssZh-h-N\ ip{iq-j-Iƒ \S-Ø-W-sa∂pw kn\Uv ]nXm-°∑ - m¿ \n¿t±-in-®p. `‡m-`ym-kß - f - psS hnhn[ Bhn-jvIm-c-߃ Bcm-[-\m-{Ia \S-]-Sn-I-f-√. Ahsb Xncp-°¿Ω-ß-fmbn sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. F∂n-cp∂mepw Ah ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬\n∂v {]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m≈p-Ibpw k¿tΔm-]cn B hN\w {]tLm-jn-°m\pw {ihn°m\pw Bh-iy-amb CSw \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw; {]tNm-Z\-Øns‚ A£-b-amb Hcp t{kmX pw {]m¿∞-\-bpsS
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AP-ø-amb amXr-I-Ifpw hnNn-¥-\-Øn-\p≈ ^e-{]-Z-amb hnj- b - ß fpw `‡m`ym- k - ß ƒ°v ssZh- h - N - \ - Ø n¬ Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw.''230 b) hN-\hpw \n»-_vZ-Xbpw
66. ssZh-h-N-\-tØmSv _‘-s∏´pw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Pohn-X-ß-fn¬ AXns‚ kzoI-c-W-Ønepw \n»_vZX -- bv°p≈ {]m[m-\yw, Xß-fpsS CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬, ]e kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑mcpw \njvI¿jn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.231 hmkvXh - Ø - n¬, _mlyhpw B¥-cn-Ih - p-amb \n»-_vZX - b - n¬ am{Xta hN\w kwkm-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw {ihn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpap-≈p. hnNn-¥\w ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-a√ \Ωp-tS-Xv. _lp-P-\-am-≤y-a-ß-fn¬\n∂v Hcp\nanjwt]mepw Xßsf AI-‰n-\n¿Øm≥ Bfp-Iƒ°v `b-amsW∂v Nne-t∏mƒ tXm∂pw. C°m-c-W-Øm¬, \n»-_vZX-bpsS aqey-sØ-°p-dn®v ssZh-P-\sØ t_m[-h-XvI-cnt°-≠Xv C°m-eØv Bh-iy-am-Wv. k`-bpsS Pohn-XØn¬ ssZh-hN - \ - Ø - n-\p≈ {]mapJyw ho≠pw Is≠-ØpI-sb-∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w hnNn-¥-\-Øn-s‚bpw B¥-cnI {]im- ¥ - X - b p- s Sbpw Hc- h - t _m[w ho≠pw Is≠ØpIsb∂p-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. {InkvXp- cl-ky-ß-sf√mw \n»_vZ-X-bn¬ \na-·-am-sW∂v ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS al-Ømb ]mc-ºcyw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.232 hN\Øns‚ kv{Xobpw Ahn-`m-Py-am-b-hn-[-Øn¬ \n»-_vZ-X-bpsS kv{Xobp-amb adn-b-Øn¬ sNbvX-Xp-t]m-se, \n»-_vZ-X-bn¬ am{Xta ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\v \Ωn¬ Hcp hmk-ÿm\w Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bq. Bflm¿∞-ambn {ihn-°p∂ Cu at\m-`mhw \ΩpsS Bcm-[\ - m-{I-aß - ƒ kpK-aa - m-°W - w. ssZh-hN - \w {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ hm°p-Iƒ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.233 ""[ym\-Øn\p klm-b-I-amb Hcp coXn-bn¬ {Iao-Icn°-s∏-tS≠''234 hN-\-Øns‚ Bcm-[-\-{I-a-Øn¬ Ch-bpsS-sbms° {]m[m\yw {]tXyIw hy‡-amWv. \n¿t±-in-
126
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
°-s∏-´ncn-°p∂ `mK-ßf - n¬ \n»-_vZX - sb ""ip{iq-jb - psS Hcp-`mK''-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°Ww.235 AXp-sIm≠v, hnNn-¥\-Øns‚ \nan-j-߃ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ AP-]m-e-Isc Rm≥ t{]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬, ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]nbpsS klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn, ssZh-h-N-\w \ΩpsS lrZ-bß-fn¬ Hcp kzmKXw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿ-bp-≠m-Ipw. c) ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ kmtLmjamb {]tLm-jWw 67. kn\-Un¬\n∂v Bhn¿`-hn® as‰mcp \n¿t±iw ssZh- h - N - \ - Ø ns‚, {]tXy- I n®v kphn- t i- j - Ø ns‚, {]tLm-jWw IqSp-X¬ BtLm-j] - q¿Δam-°W - s - a-∂p-≈Xm-bn-cp∂p. hnti-jn®v, kphn-ti-j-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ D]-tbmK-Øn-eqsS {][m\ Xncp-\m-fp-I-fn¬ CXp {Iao-I-cn°Ww. {]mcw-`-N-S-ßp-I-fpsS ka-bØv, kphn-ti-j-{KŸw {]Z£n-W-ambn kwh-ln-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Uo°t\m sshZnIt\m {]tLm-j-W-Øn-\p-th≠n ]oT-Øn-te°v BtLmj-]q¿hw sIm-≠p-h-cn-Ibpw thWw. ""hN-\-Øns‚ Bcm[- \ - { I- a - Ø nse D∂- X - L ´w kphn- t i- j - h m- b - \ - b msW∂v''236 a\- n-em-°m≥ ssZh-P-\sØ CXp klmbn°pw. "Znhy-_-en-°p≈ hmb-\-I-fpsS {Ia-Øn¬' ASßp∂ kqN-\-Iƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn, ssZh-h-N\w, hntijn®v kphn-tijw, {]tXy-In®v Nne Xncp-\m-fp-If - n¬, Km\cq-]Ø - n¬ kmtLm-ja - mbn {]tLm-jn°pI AXns‚ alXz-Øn\p tN¿∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. A`n-hμ - \w, ""hnip-≤.... Adnbn® kphn-tijw'' F∂ {]mcw` Adn-bn-∏v, ""ssZh-h-N-\amWv \mw tI´Xv'' F∂ kam-]-\-hm-°p-Iƒ, F∂nh, hmbn-®- `mKØns‚ {]m[m\yw Du∂n-∏-d-bm-\p≈ Hcp am¿§w F∂\ne-bn¬, Km\-ambn Be-]n-°m-hp-∂X - mWv.237 d) ssZh-h-N\w ss{IkvX-h-ssZ-hm-e-b-ß-fn¬ 68. ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p-∂Xp kpK-a-am-°m≥ hnizmkn-I-fpsS {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p klm-b-I-amb \S-
hN\w k`-bn¬
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]-Sn-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°Ww. Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-]-chpw hmkvXpin-ev]] - c - h - p-amb hyh-ÿI - ƒ bYm-hn[n BZ-cn-®p-sIm≠v, ssZhm-e-bØnse i_vZ-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn¬ Xmev]cyw Imt´-≠-XmWv. ""ssZhm-e-b-߃ \n¿Ωn-°p-tºmƒ, Ah hN-\-{]-tLm-j-W-Øn\pw [ym\-Øn\pw Znhy-_-en-b¿∏W-Øn\pw A\p-tbm-Py-am-°m≥, DNn-Xa - mb klm-bt- ØmSp-IqSn, sa{Xm-∑m¿ {i≤n-°Ww. Xncp-°¿Ω-߃°p-]pdsa, hnip-≤-ÿ-e-ßfpw hmNm-e-am-bn-cn-°Ww. ssZh-hN-\-tØmSp _‘-s∏´v Ah ss{IkvX-h-c-lkyw Ah-Xcn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw.''238 ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-°p∂ Bcm-[-\-{I-a-]-c-amb CSw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Db¿∂-]o-T-Øn\v (Ambo) {]tXy-I{i≤ \¬tI-≠X - mWv. hy‡-ambn ImWm-hp∂ Hcp ÿeØp-thWw AXp ÿm]n-°m≥. hN-\-ip-{iq-j-bpsS kabØv hnizm-kn-If - psS {i≤ kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbn AhnsS ]XnbWw. Aƒ-Øm-cb - p-ambn kuμ-cy-im-kv{X-]c - a - mbn s]mcpØ-s∏-Sp∂ coXn-bn-em-bn-cn-°Ww AXv Ae-¶c - n-t°-≠Xv. "hN-\-Øn-s‚ tai-bpsSbpw Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s‚ taibpsSbpw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb {]m[m\yw Zriy-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥th-≠n-bm-WnXv. hmb-\-Iƒ, {]Xn-h-N-\k-¶o¿Ø\w, {]tLm-jWw F∂nh Cu ]oTØn¬ \n∂mWv DZvtLm-jn-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv. kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-KØn\pw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {]m¿∞-\bv°pw AXv D]-tbmKn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.239 "Xncp-°¿Ω-߃°p-sh-fn-bn¬'t]mepw hnip-≤-en-JnX-߃°v _lp-am-\y-amb Hcp ÿew \¬I-W-sa∂pw kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ \n¿t±in°p-I-bp-≠mbn.240 ssZh-hN\w AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ {KŸ-Øn\v ss{IkvX-h-ssZ-hme-b-ßfn¬ Zriy-amb Hcp _lp-am-\y-ÿm\w D≠m-bn-cn°p-∂Xp \√-XmWv. hnip-≤-Ip¿_m\ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ k{Im-cn°p \¬Ip∂ A\p-tbm-Py-amb tI{μ-ÿm-\-
128
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Øn\p tIm´w X´mØ coXn-bn-em-bn-cn-°Ww CXv.241 e) Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ ss__nƒ`m-K-ß-fp-sS-am{Xw D]-tbmKw 69. B[ym-fln-Itam AP-]m-e-\-]-ctam Bb Hcp \ne]m-Sn¬ \n∂p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ F{X {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-sW¶nepw a‰p ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ `mK-߃ Hcn-°epw hnip≤ enJn-XØ - n¬\n∂v FSp-°p∂ hmb-\I - ƒ°p ]Ic-am-Im≥ ]mSn√ F∂, ap≥t] Xs∂ Bcm-[-\-{I-a-\n-ba-Øn¬ hyh-ÿ-sN-bvXn-´p≈,242 Imcyhpw hy‡-amb coXn-bn¬ kn\Uv Bh¿Øn-®p-d∏ - n®p {]kvXm-hn®p. ""Bflobtam kmln-Xy-]-ctam Bb Hcp ]pkvX-I-Øn-\pw, ssZhh-N-\-amb hnip-≤-en-JnXw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ aqey-Øn\pw kº-∂X - °pw Xpey-am-Im≥ Ign-bp-Ib - n√.''243 CXv F∂pw \ne-\n¿tØ≠ k`-bpsS, Hcp ]pcm-X\ - \ - n-ba - a - mWv.244 Nne Zpcp-]t- bm-Kß - f - psS ]›m-Øe - Ø - n¬, hnip-≤e - n-Jn-XØ - ns‚- ÿm-\Øv a‰p hmb-\-Iƒ Hcn-°epw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂-Xns‚ {]m[m\yw, tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ t\c-tØ-Xs∂ Bh¿Øn®v Du∂n-∏-d-™n´p≠v.245 {]Xn-h-N-\-k-¶o¿Ø-\hpw ssZh-h-N\am-sW-∂p≈Xv a\- n¬ kq£n-t°-≠-XmWv. AXp-sIm≠v AXn\p- ] - I cw a‰p ]mT- ` mK߃ ]mSn√. {]Xn- h - N - \ - k ¶o¿Ø\w Be-]n-°p-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmbpw G‰hpw A\ptbm-Py-amWv. f) ss__nƒ˛{]tNm-ZnX Bcm-[-\-{I-a-KoXw 70. Bcm-[-\-{I-a-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\v Hu∂Xyw \¬Ip-∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn, _‘-s∏´ doØv Bh-iy-s∏Sp∂ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ Km\w D]-tbm-Kn-°m\pw {i≤n-t°≠-XmWv. ss__n-fn¬\n∂v hy‡-ambn {]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xpw kwKo-XØ - n-s‚bpw ]Z-ßf - p-sSbpw tN¿®bn-eqsS ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ Nmcp-X-{]-I-S-am-°p-∂-Xp-amb
hN\w k`-bn¬
129
Km\-߃°v ap≥K-W\ \evIWw. Cu am\-ZWvUw am\n°p∂, k`-bpsS ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬\n∂p \ap°p ssIam-dn°n-´n-bn-´p≈ Km\-߃ ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp \∂m-bn-cn°pw. {KntKm-dn-b≥ kwKo-X-Øns‚ {]m[m-\ysØ-∏‰n Rm≥ {]tXyIw Nn¥n-°p-I-bmWv.246 g) ImgvN°pw tIƒhn°pw sshI-ey-ap-≈-h-sc-°p-dn®v {]tXy-I]cn-K-W\ 71. Bcm-[\ - {- I-aØ - n¬ kPo-ha - mbn ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂X - n¬ {]iv\ß - ƒ t\cn-Sp-∂h - ¿°v {]tXyI {i≤ \¬I-Ws - a∂ kn\-Uns‚ ip]m¿i ChnsS A\p-kva-cn-°m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, ImgvN°pw tIƒhn°pw sshI- e y- a p- ≈ - h - s c- ∏ - ‰ n- b mWp Rm≥ Nn¥n- ° p- ∂ Xv . I¿Øm-hns‚ hN-\-hp-ambn Hcp kPo-h-k-º¿°w A\p`-hn-°m≥ Ah-scbpw {]m]vX-cm-°m≥, Aß-s\-bp≈ sshI-ey-߃ kln-°p∂ \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Zc-∑m¿°v {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn km[y-amb F√m klm-bhpw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v \ΩpsS ss{IkvX-h-k-aq-l-ßsf Rm≥ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂p.247
k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ ssZhhN\w hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Ønse ssZh-h-N-\-hp-ambp≈ I≠p-ap-´¬ 72. ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ {]tLm-j-W-Øn\pw {ih-WØn\pw ip{iq-j-°p-ap≈ khn-ti-j-ÿ-e-amWv Bcm-[\-{I-a-sa-∂Xv kXy-am-sW-¶n¬; hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-bß-sf Cu I≠p-ap-´-en\mbn Hcp-°-p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv, k¿tΔm-]cn, Ah¿ AXv AKm-[-am-°p-Ibpw kzmwio-I-cn-°pIbpw sNø-W-sa-∂p-≈Xv AXp-t]m-se-X-s∂- {]m[m-\y-
130
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
a¿ln-°p∂p. Xs∂ A\p-K-an-°m≥ \sΩ Blzm\w sNøp∂ tbip-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp t\¿°m-gvN-bm¬ AXy¥m-t]-£n-Xa - mbn ap{Zn-Xa - mWv ss{IkvXh - P - o-hnXw. C°mc-W-Øm¬, ss{IkvX-h-k-aq-l-ß-fnse AP-]m-e-\-ip-{iqj-bpsS {]m[m-\y-sØ-∏‰n sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kn\Uv IqsS°qsS kwkm-cn®p. ssZh-hN - \ - Ø - n¬ A[n-jvTn-Xa - m-bp≈ hy‡n-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Hcp Xo¿∞m-S\w \S°pIbpw \ΩpsS Bflo-b-Po-hn-X-Øn-\p≈ ASn-ÿm-\-ambn bYm¿∞-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ DNn-X-amb kwhn-[m-\-sa∂ \ne-bn-em-WXv. ""{]m¿∞-\m\n¿`-chpw hnizm-k-`-cn-X-hp-amb ss__nƒhm-b\ Ime{I-taW tbip-hp-am-bp≈ Ah-cpsS hy‡n-]c - a - mb _‘w Bg-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ø-°-hn[w ssZh-P-\-Ønse Hmtcm AwKØn-s‚bpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-tØm-Sp≈ h¿≤n® kvt\lØns‚ Hcp \h-h-k¥w''248 kwPm-X-amIm≥ th≠n-bp≈ Fs‚ lrZ-bw-K-a-amb {]Xymi kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑-tcmsSm∏w Rm≥ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p. {InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øn¬ hf-cm≥ hnip-≤en-Jn-X-⁄m-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-∏‰n k`m-N-cn-{XØn-ep-S\ - ofw At\Iw hnip-≤∑ - m¿ kwkm-cn-®n-´p≠v. k`m]n-Xm-°-∑m-cn¬ CXp {]tXy-In®p hy‡-amWv. hnip≤ Ptdmw, ssZh-h-N-\-tØm-Sp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ henb kvt\l-Øn¬, ]e-t∏mgpw Cßs\ hnkva-bn-®n-´p≠v: ""hnip-≤e - n-Jn-XØ - n¬ ]cn-⁄m-\a - n-√msX Hcmƒ°v Fßs\-bmWv Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bpI? hnizm-kn-If - psS Poh-\mb {InkvXp-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p-Xs∂ \mw Adn-bm≥ CS-bm-Ip-∂Xv AXn-eq-sS-bm-Wt√m.''249 ""hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ssZhw Znhtk\ kwkm- c n- ° p∂'' 250 am¿§w ss__n- f m- s W∂v hnip≤ Ptdman\v \∂m-b-dn-bm-am-bn-cp∂p. tdma≥ IpSpw_n\n te‰mbv°v Ah-cpsS aIsf hf¿-Øp-∂Xpkw_‘n®v At±-l-Øns‚ D]-tZiw CXm-bn-cp∂p. ""F√m Znh-
hN\w k`-bn¬
131
khpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Ønse Hcp `mKw Ahƒ ]Tn-°p∂p-sh∂v Dd-∏m-°pI.. hmb-\s - b-Øp-S¿∂p {]m¿∞-\bpw {]m¿∞-\-sb-Øp-S¿∂v hmb-\bpw thWw... B`c-W-ßfp-sSbpw ]´n-s‚bpw ÿm\Øv Ahƒ ssZhn-I-]p-kvXI-ßsf kvt\ln-°m≥ th≠n-bm-WnXv.''251 sshZn-I-\mb s\t]m-jy-\p≈ sPtdm-ans‚ Cu D]-tZ-ihpw \ap-°p-_m[I-amWv; ""hnip≤enJn-X-߃ IqsS-°qsS hmbn-°pI. hnip-≤-{KŸw Hcn-°epw Xm¶-fpsS ssIbn¬ D≠m-ImXn-cn-°-cpXv. Xm¶ƒ ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠Xv AXn¬\n∂v ]Tn°pI.''252 ss__nƒ ]T-\-Øn-\p-th≠n Xs‚ PohnXw ka¿∏n- ° p- I bpw AXns‚ eØo≥]- c n- ` m- j - b mb "hpƒKmØm' k`bv°p \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX Cu almhn-ip-≤s‚ amXr-Ibpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ Xß-fpsS Bflo- b - P o- h n- X - ß - f psS tI{μ- a mb {Inkv X p- h p- a mbn t\¿°mgvN \S-Ønb F√m hnip-≤-cpsSbpw amXr-Ibpw \ap°v A\p-I-cn°mw. Xs‚ k`bv°p ssZhw \¬Inb hN-\sØ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ \ΩpsS bXv\߃ \ap°p \ho-I-cn°mw. aq∂mw ss{IkvX-h-k-l-{km_vZ-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ \n¿t±-in® ""km[-mcW ss{IkvX-h-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ D∂X-\n-e-hmcw'' 253 \ap°v Aßs\ e£y-am-°m≥ Ignbpw. ssZh-h-N\w {i≤m-]q¿Δw {ihn-°p-∂-Xn¬ CXv \nc-¥-c]-cn-t]m-jWw Is≠-Øp∂p.
hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-{]-tNm-Zn-X-amb AP-]m-e-\{]h¿Ø\w 73. k`-bpsS Pohn-XØ - n¬ ssZh-hN - \ - Ø - n-\p≈ tI{μÿm-\-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ AP-]m-e-\-]-c-amb Hcp {]tXy-I -{]-Xn-_-≤-X-°p-th≠n Cu coXn-bn¬ kn\Uv Blzm\w sNbvXp. a‰v AP-]m-e-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-cq-]-ß-tfmsSm-∏-a-√msX, ""F√m AP-]m-e-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-sØbpw {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°m≥ ss__n-fns\ A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Hcp
132
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
am¿§''254ambn h¿≤n® Hcp ""ss__nf[njvTnX-t{]-jnXXz''Øn\v kn\Uv ip]m¿i-sNbvXp. CXns‚ A¿∞w CS-hI - I - f - ntem cq]-XI - f - ntem Ahn-sSbpw Chn-sSbpw Hcp tbmKw kwL-Sn-∏n-°pI F∂√. Xs‚ hN-\-Øn-eqsS Xs∂-Øs∂ \ap°p \¬Ip∂ {InkvXp-hp-ambn hy‡n]-c-amb Hcp t\¿°mgvN hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ CS-h-I-Ifn-sebpw kwL-S-\-I-fn-sebpw {]ÿm-\-ß-fn-sebpw ss{IkvX-h-k-aq-l-߃°v bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Xmev]-cy-apt≠m-sb∂p ]cn-tim[n°m≥ Ah-bpsS km[m-c-W-{]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°pI F∂m-W¿∞w. ""hnip-≤en-Jn-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ A⁄-X-{In-kvXp-hn-s\-°p-dn®p≈ A⁄-X-X-s∂-bmWv.''255 AXp-sIm≠v, ss__nfns\ km[m-c-Whpw Akm-[m-c-W-hp-amb F√m AP-]me-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sSbpw {]tNm-Z-\-am-°p-∂Xv {InkvXp F∂ hy‡n-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ h¿≤n® Ah-t_m-[-Øn-te°p \bn°pw. {InkvXp-hmWv ]nXm-hns\ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. Ahn-Sp∂v ssZhn-I-sh-fn-]m-Sns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bmWv. C°m-c-W-Øm¬, ss__n-fn-ep≈ Cu Du∂-ens‚ {]m[m\yw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ AP-]m-eIscbpw hnizm-knI-sfbpw Rm≥ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂p. kn\-Un¬ N¿® sN-øs - ∏´ AP-]m-e\ - ] - c - a - mb Nne {]iv\ß - ƒ ssIImcyw sNøm\pw AXp Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw F‰hpw \√ am¿§w. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ hf-s®m-Sn-®Xpw Ir{Xn-ah - p-amb Hcp hymJym\w ]c-Øp∂ k`m-hn-`m-Kß - ƒ s]cp-Ip-∂Xp kw_-‘n® {]iv\w N¿®-sN-ø-s∏´p. k`bpsS hnizm-k-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambpw Ah-fpsS kPo-h-]mc-ºc - y-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xa - mbpw ss__nƒ a\- n-em-°m≥ hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bn-°mØ CS-ß-fn¬, AP-]m-e-\-]c-amb Cu iq\yX, taev]-d™ht]m-se-bp≈ hn`m-K߃°v thcp-]n-Sn-°m≥ ]‰nb hf-°q-dp≈ aÆm-bn-Øocp∂p. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-tØm-Sp≈ bYm¿∞-k-ao-]-\-Øn¬ ssZh-P-\sØ ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ sshZn-I-scbpw
hN\w k`-bn¬
133
Aevam-b-scbpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ {Iao-I-c-W-ßfpw G¿s∏-SptØ≠-XmWv. IqSmsX, kn\-Uvk-tΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xpt]mse, AP-]m-e-\-{]-h¿Ø\w "sNdp-k-aq-l-ßsf' klm-bn-°p-∂Xpw \√-XmWv. Cu kaq-l-߃ ""IpSpw-_ß-fm¬ cq]o-Ir-X-am-Ip-∂-htbm CS-h-I-I-fn¬ A[n-jvTnX-am-b-htbm k`m-{]-ÿm-\-ß-tfmSpw ]pXnb kaq-l-ßtfmSpw _‘-s∏-´-htbm''256 BImw. Chbv°v cq]o-I-cWhpw {]m¿∞-\bpw k`-bpsS hnizm-kØ - n-\\ - p-kr-Xa - mb ss__nƒ⁄m-\hpw h¿≤n-∏n-°-p∂-Xn¬ klm-bn-°m≥ Ignbpw.
aX-t_m-[-\-Øns‚ ss__nƒ kw_-‘-amb am\w 74. k`-bpsS AP-]m-e-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Ønse Hcp {][m\-hiw aX-t_m-[-\-amWv. hnth-I-]q¿Δw D]-tbm-Kn-°pI-bm-sW-¶n¬, AXns‚ hnhn[ cq]-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Xeß-fn-eq-sSbpw ssZh-P\-Øns‚ bm{Xsb \nc-¥-c-ambn A\p- K - a n- t °≠Xm- W nXv . FΩm- h q- k n- t e- ° p≈ hgnbn¬h®v tbip-hns\ ImWp∂ injy-∑m-sc-∏‰n eq°m \¬Ip∂ hnh-cWw (cf. eq°m 24:13˛35), Hc¿∞-Øn¬, ""hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - f - psS hymJym-\Ø - n¬'' tI{μo-Ir-Xa - mb Hcp aX-t_m-[-\-Øns‚ amXr-Isb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂p. CXp {In-kvXp-hn-\p-am{Xw \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp hymJym\-amWv (cf. eq°m 24:27˛28). Xms\∂ hy‡n-bn¬ Ah \nd-th-dp-∂-Xmbn Ahn-Sp∂p ImWn-°p∂p.257 F√m ]cmP-b-Øn-s‚-taepw hnPbwhcn-°p∂ {]Xymi Aßs\ ]p\¿P-\n-°p-Ibpw AXv B injy-∑msc D∞n-X-\mb I¿Øm-hn¬ DØ-a-t_m-≤y-ap-≈-hcpw Ahn-SpsØ hnizk-\o-b-amb km£n-Ifpam-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ss__n-fn¬\n∂p {]tNm-Z\apƒs°m≈p∂ Hcp aX-
134
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
t_m-[\ - Ø - n-\p≈ hne-s∏´ am¿§-Z¿i-It- c-JI - ƒ "s]mXp-a-X-t_m-[-\-U-b-d-IvSdn'bn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p. Ah ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂Xn\v kt¥m-j-]p-c- cw Rm≥ t{]m’m-ln∏n-°p-I-bmWv.258 ChnsS {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-ambn Hcp Imcyw Du∂-n∏-d-bm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. aX-t_m-[\w ss__n-fn-s‚bpw kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-sSbpw -{K-Ÿ-ßtfm-S-pXs∂ \nc-¥-c-k-º¿°w ]pe¿Øn-s°m≠v AhbpsS a\:ÿnXn-bpw ssNX-\y-hpw ho£-Whpw kzmbØ-am-°Ww. k`-bpsS a\ pw lrZ-bhpw Dƒs°m≠v hnip-≤-{KŸw hmbn-°p-Ibpw c≠p kl-{km-_vZ-ß-fmbp≈ k`- b psS hnNn- ¥ - \ - ß - f n¬\n∂pw Pohn- X Øn¬\n∂pw {]tNm-Z\w kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ aX-t_m-[\w IqSp-X¬ kº-∂hpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-am-Ip-sa∂v {]tXyIw Hm¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xp≠v.''259 ss_-_n-fnse hy‡nI-sfbpw kw`-h-ß-sfbpw {]kn-≤-amb hN-\-`m-Kßsfbpw Ipdn-®p≈ Adnhv t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°Ww. ss{IkvXh-c-l-ky-߃ {]tXy-I-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ Nne `mKß-fpsS hnth-I-]q¿Δ-I-amb "lrZn-ÿ-am-°¬' hgnbpw CXp t{]m’m- l n- ∏ n- ° m- h p- ∂ - X mWv . aX- t _m- [ \w Ft∏mgpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-XsØ hnizm-k-Ønepw k`-bpsS ]mc-º-cy-Ønepw kao-]n-°p-∂Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-°p∂p. Ahn-SpsØ \ma-Øn¬ ct≠m aqt∂mt]¿ Hcp-an®p IqSp∂ CS-ß-fn¬ (cf. aØm. 18:20) {InkvXp C∂p Pohn°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-h-N-\-߃ k-Po-h-amsW∂p ImWm≥ th≠n-bm-WnXv. aX-t_m-[\w c£mIcN-cn-{Xhpw k`-bpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ D≈-S-°hpw kPoh-amb coXn-bn¬ kwth-Z\w sNøWw. Aßs\ hnizmkn-k-aq-l-Ønse Hmtcm AwK-sØbpw Ahs‚ As√¶n¬ Ah-fpsS kz¥w PohnXw Cu Ncn-{X-Øns‚ -`mKamsW∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ {]m]vX-cm-°Ww. "s]mXp-a-X-t_m-[-\-U-b-d-IvSdn'bn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-
hN\w k`-bn¬
135
Xp-t]mse, hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xhpw "ItØm-en-°m-k` - b - psS aXt_m-[\'hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn\v ChnsS Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠Xv {][m-\-amWv: "]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS \nth-i\-Øm¬ Fgp-Xs - ∏´ ssZh-hN - \w' F∂ \ne-bn¬ hnip≤ enJn-Xhpw; k`-bpsS kPo-h-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ Hcp kp{][m\ ka-Im-enI Bhn-jvIm-chpw hnizmkw ]Tn-∏n-°m\p≈ Hcp kp\n-›n-X-\n-b-ahpw F∂ \ne-bn¬ "ItØmen-°m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\'hpw, Hmtcm∂pw A-Xns‚ kz¥w am¿§-Ønepw \n›n-X- A-[n-Im-c-Øn-\-\p-kr-Xambpw C∂sØ k`-bnse aX-t_m-[-\sØ ]cn-t]m-jn∏n-°m≥ \ntbmKn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.''260
{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ss__nf[n-jvTnX cq]oIcWw 75. kn\Uv \n›-bn® e£yw, AXm-bXv k`-bpsS AP-]m-e-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ss__n-fn\v h¿≤n® Hcp Du∂¬ \¬I-W-sa-∂p-≈Xv, t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ F√m {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°pw, {]tXy-In®v aXm-≤ym-]-I¿°v, A\ptbm-Py-amb ]cn-io-e\w e`n-t°-≠-Xm-h-iy-amWv. "ss__nƒt{]-jn-XXz'Øn¬ {i≤-sN-ep-tØ-≠X - p≠v. k`-bpsS A\p-`hw ImWn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, ta¬]-d™ e£yw ssIh-cn-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ hne-s∏´ Hcp am¿§-am-WnXv. ssZhh-N\w a\- n-em-°m\pw AX-\p-kc - n®p Pohn-°m\pw AXp {]tLm-jn-°m\pw Aevam-bs - cbpw anj-Wd - n-am-scbpw ]cnio-en-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ cq]o-I-c-W-tI-{μ-߃, Ign-bpsa-¶n¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ A°m-Z-an-I-L-S-\-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®p-sIm≠v, ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂pw kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ip]m¿i-sNbvXp. Bh-iy-ap-≈-bn-S-ß-fn¬ ss__nƒ]T-\Ø - n\v {]tXyI sshZ-Kv≤y-ap≈ ÿm]-\ß - ƒ ÿm]n°Ww. ss__nƒ hymJym-Xm-°ƒ°v ssZh-im-kv{XØn¬ kpZr-V-amb ⁄m\hpw Xß-fpsS ZuXyw X߃
136
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
\n¿Δ-ln-°p∂ ]›m-Ø-e-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Hcp [mc-Wbpw Ds≠∂v Dd-∏p-hc - p-Øm≥th-≠n-bm-WnXv.261
hnip-≤-en-JnXw hn]p-e-amb k`m-k-tΩ-f-\-ßfn¬ 76. km[y-amb hnhn[ DZy-a-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬, cq]-XmX-e-Øntem tZio-btam A¥¿t±-io-btam Bb Xe-ßfntem D≈ ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ {]m[m\y-Øn\pw AXp {i≤m-]q¿Δw {ihn-°p-∂X - n\pw ss__nfns‚ hnizm-k-\n¿`-chpw {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿Æ-hp-amb hmb\bv°pw h¿≤n® Du∂¬ \¬I-W-sa∂v, kn\Uv \n¿t±in®p. tZio-btam A¥¿t±-io-btam Bb Znhy-Im-cp-WytIm¨{K-kp-I-fnepw temI-bp-h-P-\-Zn-\-ß-fnepw a‰p ktΩ-f-\-ß-fnepw hN-\-ip-{iq-j°pw ss__nƒ˛{]tNmZn-Xamb -cq-]o-I-c-W-\n-an-j-߃°pw IqSp-X¬ {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂Xv {]iw-k-\o-b-am-bn-cn°pw.262
ssZh-h-N-\hpw ssZh-hn-fn-Ifpw 77. \ΩpsS CS-bnse ssZh-h-N-\-amb {InkvXp-hp-ambp≈ Ft∏mgpw Bg-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp _‘-Øn-te-°p≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ ss\k¿§n-I-£-W-Øn\v Du∂¬ \evIns°m≠v, kn\Uv, Pohn-Xw-Xs∂ ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp hnfn-bm-sW∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Cu hN\w \sΩ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-scbpw hy‡n-]-c-ambn hnfn-°p-∂p-sh∂v ZrVambn {]kvXm-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. a‰p hm°p-I-fn¬ ]d™m¬, I¿Øm-hmb tbip-hp-am-bp≈ \ΩpsS hy‡n-]c-amb _‘-Øn¬ \mw hf-cp-t¥mdpw, hnip-≤n-bn-te°v Ahn-Sp∂p \sΩ hnfn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v \ap°v IqSp-X-embn a\- n-emIpw. k`sb ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm≥ klm-b-I-amb Npa-X-e-Ifpw ip{iq-j-Ifpw Fs‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v, \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ß-fnse Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-Øn\v, \n¿Æ-mb-IXo-cp-am-\ß - f - nepw sXc-s™-Sp-∏pIfn-eq-sSbpw, \mw {]Xyp-
hN\w k`-bn¬
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Øcw \¬Ip∂p. Xß-fpsS ⁄m\-kv\m\w sIm≠p-am{X-a√, hnhn[ Pohn-Xm-¥ - p-Ifnte°p≈ Xß-fpsS hnfn°-\p-kr-X-ambpw ssZh-h-N-\-hp-am-bp≈ Xß-fpsS _‘Øn¬ hf-cm≥ F√m {InkvXym-\n-I-sfbpw kn\Uv IqsS°qsS t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®Xv CXp-sIm-≠mWv. c≠mw hØn°m≥ Iu¨kn-ens‚ ]T-\-Ønse Hcp kp{]-[m-\-Imcyw \mw ChnsS kv]¿in-°p∂p. Xm¥mß-fpsS {]tXy-I-Pohn-Xm-hÿ - ° - \ - p-kr-Xa - mbn hnizm-kn-ka - q-lØ - nse Hmtcm AwKhpw hnip-≤n-bn-te°p hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Iu¨kn¬ ZrV-ambn {]kvXm-hn®p.263 hnip-≤n-bn-te-°pff \ΩpsS hnfn hnip≤ enJn-X-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. ""]cn-ip-≤-cm-bn-cn-°p-hn≥, ImcWw, Rm≥ ]cn-ip-≤-\mIp∂p'' (tehy. 11:44; 19:2; 20:7). ]n∂oSv AXns‚ {InkvXphn-⁄m-\o-b-]-c-amb ASn-ÿm\w hnip≤ ]utemkv Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂p. ""Xs‚ apºmsI kvt\l-Øn¬ ]cnip-≤cpw \njvI-f-¶-cp-am-bn-cn-°m≥ temI-ÿm-]-\-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ ]nXmhv \sΩ {InkvXp-hn¬ Xnc-s™-SpØp'' (Ft^. 1:4). tdma≥ kaq-l-Ønse Xs‚ ktlm-Z-co-ktlm-Zc - ∑ - m¿°p≈ ]utem-kns‚ A`n-hμ - \w \sΩ Hmtcmcp-Ø-scbpwIqSn A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xm-sW∂v IW-°m°mw: ""ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-`m-P-\-ßfpw hnip≤-cm-Im≥ hnfn-°s - ∏-´h - c - p-ambn tdmam-bn-ep≈ \n߃-s°√m-h¿°pw \ΩpsS ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw I¿Ømhmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬\n∂pw Ir]bpw kam-[m-\hpw.'' (tdmam. 1:7). a) A`n-jn-‡-cmb ip{iq-j-Icpw ssZh-h-N-\hpw 78. kn\-Uns‚ Cu {]kvXm-h\ Ahsc Hm¿Ωn-∏n°p∂-Xn-\p-th≠n, k`-bpsS A`n-jn-‡-cmb ip{iq-j-ItcmSv BZyw kwkm-cn-°m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p: ""Hcp \√ CS-b-s‚bpw hN-\-ip-{iq-j-I-s‚bpw lrZ-b-cq-]o-Ic-W-Øn\v ssZh-h-N\w A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-amWv.''264 hnip-
138
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
≤o-Ic - W - t- Øm-Sp≈ \n¿Æm-bI - hpw \ho-Ir-Xh - p-amb Hcp {]Xn-_-≤X IqSmsX Xß-fpsS ssZh-hn-fn°pw ZuXyØn\pw A\p-kr-Xa - mbn Pohn-°m-sa∂v Nn¥n-°m≥ sa{Xm∑m¿°pw sshZn-I¿°pw Uo°-∑m¿°pw km[n°p-I-bn√. hnip-≤o-Ic - W - Ø - ns‚ Hcp kvXw`w ssZh-hN - \ - h - p-am-bp≈ kº¿°-amWv. 79. sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn-te°p hnfn-°-s∏-´-h-cmWv hN\-Øns‚ G‰-hpw B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bp≈ BZysØ ktμi-hm-l-I¿. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS kn\U-\¥c A∏-kvtXm-enI DZvt_m-[-\-Ønse (Pastores Gregis˛AP-K-W-ß-fpsS CS-b≥) hm°p-Iƒ Ah-tcmSv Rm≥ Bh¿Øn-°p-I-bmWv. sa{Xm≥ Xs‚ B≤ym-flnI-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ t]mj-W-Øn\pw ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw ""ssZhh-N-\-Øns‚ hmb-\bpw [ym\hpw Ft∏mgpw {]Y-a-ÿm\Øp {]Xn-jvTn-°Ww. Hmtcm sa{Xm\pw "D¬°¿jw-hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw kI-e-hn-ip-≤-cp-sS-bp-an-S-bn¬ Ah-Imiw t\SnØcp-∂-Xn\pw Ign-bp∂ I¿Øm-hn\pw Ahn-SpsØ Ir]-bpsS hN-\-Øn\pw' (A∏. 20:32) kzbw-`-c-ta-ev]n°p-Ibpw Aßs\ `c-ta-ev]n-°-s∏-´-Xmbn A\p-`-h-s∏SpIbpw thWw. hN-\w- ssI-Imcyw sNøp∂ Hcm-fm-bnØo-cp-∂X - n-\p-ap≥]v, sa{Xm≥, Xs‚ sshZn-It- cmSptN¿∂v Xo¿®-bmbpw hnizm-kn-k-aq-l-Ønse Hm-tcm AwK-sØt∏m-sebpw k`-sb-Ø-s∂-t]m-sebpw hN-\-Øns‚ Hcp t{imXm-hm-IWw. At±lw hN-\-Øns‚ "D≈n¬' hkn°p-Ibpw Hc-Ωb - psS DZ-cØ - nse-∂t- ]mse, AXn-\m¬ ]cnc-£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw t]mjn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøm≥ kzbw A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw thWw.''265 hN-\-{i-h-W-Øns‚ I\yIbpw (Virgo Audiens) At∏m-kvXe - ∑ - m-cpsS cmRvPnbp-amb adn-bsØ A\p-Ic - n®v, hnip-≤e - n-JnXw IqsS-°qsS hy‡n-]c - a - mbn hmbn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ws - a∂v Fs‚ F√m ktlm-Z-c-sa-{Xm-∑m-tcmSpw Rm≥ \n¿t±-in°p∂p.
hN\w k`-bn¬
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80. sshZn-I-scbpw tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏bpsS hm°p-Iƒ Rm≥ A\p-kva-cn-∏n°p-I-bmWv. Xs‚ kn\-U\¥c A∏-kvtXm-enI DZvt_m-[\ - Ø - n¬ Pastores Dabo Vobis (Rm≥ \n߃°v CS-b∑ - msc Xcpw) At±lw Cßs\ {]kvXm-hn®p. ""sshZn-I≥ G-‰hpw BZy-ambn ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ ]cn-I¿Ωn-bm-Wv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ A\p-k-c-W-Øn-te°v Hmtcm hy‡n-tbbpw £Wn-°pIbpw {InkvXp-hn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Adn-bn-°s - ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX ssZhn-I-c-l-ky-Øns‚ Ft∏mgpw h¿≤n-°p∂ ⁄m\-Øn-te°pw Iq´m-bvab - n-te°pw hnizm-kn-Isf \bn°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠v F√m-h-tcmSpw cmPy-Øns‚ kZvhm¿Ø {]tLm-jn-°m≥ A`n-tjIw sNbvXv Ab°-s∏´, ssZh-h-N-\-Øn-s‚ ip{iq-j-I≥. C°m-c-WØm¬, sshZn-I≥ Xs∂ G‰hpw BZyw ssZh-h-N-\-hpambn hy‡n-]-c-amb Hcp henb ]cn-Nbw hnI-kn-∏n°Ww. AXns‚ `mjm-]-chpw hymJym-\-]-c-hp-amb hiß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhv Xo¿®-bmbpw Bh-iy-am-sW¶nepw AXp-sIm≠p am{X-am-bn√. hN\w Xs‚ Nn¥-Ifnepw hnIm-c-ß-fnepw Bg-Øn¬ Xpf-™n-d-ßp-Ibpw X∂n¬ Hcp ]pXnb ho£Ww — "{InkvXp-hns‚ a\ v' (1 tImdn. 2:16) — Df-hm-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ø° - h - Æw hnt[b-Xz-ap≈, {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿Æ-amb lrZ-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn Hcp sshZn-I≥ hN-\sØ kao-]n-t°-≠-Xm-h-iy-amWv. 266 XXv^e - a - mbn At±-lØ - ns‚ hm°p-Ifpw Xocp-am-\ß - fpw s]cp-am-‰hpw h¿≤-am-\-amb tXmXn¬ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ Hcp hnNn-¥-\hpw {]tLm-j-Whpw km£y-hp-am-bn-Øocp∂p: ""hN-\-Øn¬ "hkn-s®-¶n¬' am{Xta sshZn-I≥ I¿Øm-hns‚ Hcp ]q¿Æ-in-jy-\m-bn-Øo-cp-I-bp≈q. At∏mƒ am{Xta At±lw kXyw Adn-bp-Ibpw bYm¿∞Øn¬ kzX-{¥-\m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-I-bp-ffq.''267 H‰-hm-°n¬ ]d-™m¬, Hcmƒ ""kXy-Øn¬'' A`n-jn‡-\m-Im≥ ]utcm-ln-Xy-ssZ-h-hnfn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p.
140
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Ahn-SpsØ injy-∑msc kw_-‘n®v tbip CXp hy‡ambn {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p≠v: ""Ahsc Aßv kXy-Øm¬ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-Wta! Ahn-SpsØ hN-\-amWp kXyw. Aßv Fs∂ temI-Øn-t e-°-b-®-Xp-t]mse Rm\pw Ahsc temI-Øn-te-°-b-®n-cn-°p∂p'' (tbml. 17:17˛18). Hc¿∞-Øn¬ injy-∑m¿ ""ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬ \na-·-cmbn ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ KmV-_-‘-Øn-te°v hen-®-Sp-∏n-°-s∏Sp∂p. hnip-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ kv\m\-amWv, Ahsc ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøp-Ibpw ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ k¿§-i-‡n-bmWv, ssZh-h-N-\-sa∂p ]dbmw.''268 {Inkv X p- X s∂ ""amwk- a m- b n- Ø o¿∂ ssZh- h - N \w'' (tbml. 1:14)—""kXyw'' (tbml. 14:6)—Bb-Xp-sIm≠v, ""Ahsc Aßv kXy-Øm¬ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-Wta!'' F∂ ]nXm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ tbip-hns‚ {]m¿∞-\bv°v G‰hpw AKm-[-amb A¿∞-am-Wp-≈Xv: ""{InkvXphmb, Ft∂mSv Ahsc H∂m-°W - ta! Ahsc Ft∂mSp _‘n-∏n-°W - ta. Ahsc F∂n-te°v hen-®-Sp-∏n-°-Wta! ImcWw, ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bn¬ tbip-{In-kvXp-X-s∂-bmb Htc Hcp ]ptcmln-X-t\-bp≈p.''269 sshZn-I¿ Cu bmYm¿∞y-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ \nc-¥-c-amb Ah-t_m-[-Øn¬ hf-tc-≠-Xm-h-iyamWv. 81. ]utcm-ln-Xy-]-Z-hn-bn-te-°p≈ Ah-km-\-Np-hSv F∂ \ne-bn¬ am{X-a√, Hcp ÿncw ip{iqj F∂ \nebnepw, Uo°≥ ]Z-hn-bn-te°p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ ÿm\-sØ-∏‰n kwkmcn-°m\pw Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. "ÿncw Uo°≥ ]Zhntb°p-dn®p≈ Ub-d-IvSdn'bn¬ Cßs\ {]kvXm-hn°p∂p: ""Uo°s‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb X\na At±-lØns‚ {]tXy-I-amb B≤ym-fln-I-X-bpsS khn-ti-j-XIƒ hy‡-ambn \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂p. AXv AXym-h-iy-ambpw ip{iq-j-bpsS Hcp B≤ym-fln-I-X-bm-bn-´mWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-
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°-s∏-SpI. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ \∑-°p-th≠n ]q¿Æambpw ssZh-ip-{iq-j-°m-bn´p Pohn® Zmk-\mb {InkvXphmWv C°m-cy-Øn¬ hnin-jvS-am-XrI.''270 Cu ]cn-t{]jy-Øn¬\n∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ, Uo°s‚ ip{iq-j-bpsS hnhn-[-am-\-ß-fn¬ F{]-Im-c-amWv ssZh-h-N\w At±lØns‚ Bflo-b-X-bpsS khn-ti-j-L-S-I-am-Ip-∂sX∂pw Xm≥ {]kw-Kn-°p-∂Xp hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw hnizkn-°p-∂Xp ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - \ - p-kc - n®v Pohn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂, hN-\-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cnI {]kw-KI\m-Im≥ Uo°≥ hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂pw''271 ImWm≥ Ignbpw. AXp-sIm≠v, ]T-\-tØmSpw {]m¿∞-\-tbm-Spsam∏w hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ hnizm-k-\n¿`-c-am-b -hm-b\bpw hgn Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-߃ kw]p-jvS-am-°m≥ Uo°≥am-tcmSp Rm≥ \n¿t±-in-°p∂p. ""hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xhpw AXns‚ icn-bmb hymJym-\hpw, hnip-≤-en-Jn-Xhpw ]mcº-cyhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, {]tXy-In®v {]kw-K-Ønepw aX-t_m-[-\-Ønepw AP-]m-e-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ s]mXphmbpw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw''272 F∂nh Ah¿°p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØWw. b) ssZh-h-N-\hpw Xncp-∏´w kzoI-cn-°m≥ Hcp-ßp-∂hcpw 82. ip{iq-jm-]u-tcm-lnXyw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Hcp-ßp∂ A¿∞nI-fpsS B≤ym-fln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N\w hln-t°≠ \n¿Æm-b-I-]-¶ns\ kw_-‘n®v kn\-Uv khn-ti-j-{]m-[m\yw Iev]n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. ""]utcmlnXym¿∞n-Iƒ ssZh-h-N-\sØ kvt\ln-°m≥ ]Tn°Ww. Ah-cpsS ssZh-im-kv{X-]c - a - mb cq]o-Ic - W - Ø - ns‚ Bflmhv ssZh-h-N-\-am-bn-cn-°Ww. ss__nƒ hym-Jym\w, ssZh-imkv{Xw, B≤ym-fln-IX, t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø\w F∂n-h-bpsS A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-amb ]mc-kv]-cy-Øn\v
142
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠-XmWv.'' 273 ]utcm- l nXym¿∞n- I ƒ ssZh-h-N-\-hp-ambn {]tXy-In®v "⁄m\-hm-b\'bneqsS Bg-Øn-ep≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb Hcp _‘-Øn\v, hnfn-°s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Cu _‘w Ah-cpsS ssZh-hn-fnsb t]mjn∏n°pw. ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Ønepw i‡n-bnepamWv, Hcmƒ°v Xs‚ {]tXyI ssZh-hnfn hnth-Nn-°m\pw hne-a-Xn-°m\pw kvt\ln-°m\pw ]n≥Xp-S-cm\pw ssZhnI-Nn-¥-IƒsIm≠v lrZbw t]mjn-∏n®v kz¥w ZuXyw \n¿h-ln-°m\pw Ign-bpI. Aßs\ hN-\-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS {]Xyp-Øcw F∂ \ne-bn¬, hnizmkw, hy‡nI-sfbpw hkvXp-X-Isfbpw kw`-h-ß-sfbpw {]iv\-ßsfbpw hn[n-°m\pw hne-bn-cp-Øm-\p-ap≈ Hcp ]pXnb am\Z-WvU-am-bn-Øocpw.274 {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿Æ-amb hnip-≤e - n-Jn-X] - m-cm-bW - t- ØmSv C{]-Im-cap≈ {i≤, Hcp Xc-Ønepw cq]o-I-c-W-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-amb ss__nƒ hymJym-\-]-T-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp th¿]m-Sn-te°p \bn-°m≥ ]mSn√. "ss__nƒ ]T\-ßfpw hnip≤ enJn-Xm-[n-jvTn-X-{]m¿∞-\bpw XΩnep≈ _‘w' a\- n-em-°m≥ sshZn-I-hn-Zym¿∞n-Isf kaq¿Ø-amb coXn-bn¬ klm-bn-°-W-sa∂v kn\Uv ip]m¿i sNbvXp. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ ]T\w ssZhnI-sh-fn-]m-Sns‚ cl-ky-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ h¿≤n® Hcp Aht_m-[-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-Ibpw; kwkm-cn-°p∂ I¿Ømhn-t\mSv {]m¿∞-\m-\n¿`-c-amb {]Xyp-Ø-c-Øns‚ Hcp at\m-`mhw hf¿Øp-Ibpw thWw. Xncn-®p-]d - ™ m¬, A\¥-kvt\-l-ambn Xs‚ hN-\-Øn¬ Xs∂-Øs∂ shfns∏-Sp-Ønb ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ Adn-bphm-\p≈ Hcm-{Klw A¿∞n-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ hf¿Øm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Hcp bYm¿∞-{]m¿∞-\m-Po-hn-X-Øn\p Ign-bp-I-bn√. AXp-sIm≠v "]T-\hpw {]m¿∞-\bpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu ]mckv]cyw' sshZn-Ihn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw Xß-fpsS
hN\w k`-bn¬
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Pohn-X-ß-fn¬ hf¿-Øp∂p F∂p-d-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ henb {i≤ sNep-tØ-≠-Xp≠v. ka-{K-amb Cu k-ao-]-\-Øn\v klm-b-I-amb am¿§-ß-fn-eqsS hn-ip-≤-en-Jn-X-]-T-\-Ønte°v hnZym¿∞n-Isf {]th-in-∏n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cu e£yw ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw. c) ssZh-h-N-\hpw ka¿∏n-X-Po-hn-Xhpw 83. ka¿∏n-X-Po-hnXw, ""ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p-Ibpw kphn-ti-jsØ AXns‚ Pohn-X-\n-b-a-ambn Bt«-jn-°pIbpw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂mWv Dd-sh-Sp-°p-∂-sX∂v275 kn\Uv A\p-kva-cn®p. Aßs\ {InkvXp-hns‚ {_“-N-cyØnepw Zmcn-{Zy-Ønepw A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw Ahn-SpsØ A\p-K-an-°m≥ ka¿∏n-°p∂ Hcp PohnXw ""ssZh-h-N-\Øns‚ Hcp kPoh "hymJym\w'' 276 Bbn-Øo-cp∂p. ]cnip-≤m-cq-]n-bmemWv ss__nƒ Fgp-X-s∏-´Xv. AtX Acq]n-Xs∂ ""k\ym-k-k-aq-l-ß-fpsS ÿm]-I¿°p≈ ]pXnb shfn-®t- Øm-Sp-IqSn ssZh-hN - \w Zo]vXa - m-°p∂p. F√m Bflo-b-kn-≤nbpw F√m \nb-ahpw AXn¬\n∂p ]pd-s∏Sp-Ibpw AXns‚ Hcm-hn-jvIm-c-am-Im≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.''277 kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ auen-IX AS-bm-f-am-bp≈ ss{IkvXh - P - o-hn-XØ - ns‚ ]pXnb hgn-Øm-cI - ƒ Aßs\ Xpd-°-s∏-Sp∂p. al-Ømb k\ym-k-]m-c-ºcyw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-sØ-°pdn-®p≈ [ym\sØ, {]tXy-In®v "⁄m\-hm-b\'bpsS cq]Øn-¬, AXns‚ khn-tij B≤ym-fln-I-X-bpsS Hcp Ahiy-`m-K-ambn Ft∏mgpw ]cn-K-Wn-®n-´p-s≠∂v C-hnsS A\p-kva-cn-°m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. C∂pw {]tXyI-k-a¿∏-W-Øns‚ ]g-bXpw ]pXn-b-Xp-amb Bhn-jvImc-߃ B≤ym-fln-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ bYm¿∞-]m-T-im-e-Ifm-Im≥ hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. AhnsS apgp-h≥ ssZh-P-\-Øns‚bpw {]tbm-P-\-Øn-\p-th≠n ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-°-\p-kr-
144
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
X-ambn hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ hmbn-°m≥ Ignbpw. AXpsIm≠v, ss__n-fns‚ hnizm-k-\n¿`-c-amb hmb-\-bn¬ Dd® t_m[y-Øn-\p≈ {Iao-I-cWw ka¿∏n-X-Po-hn-X-kaql-߃ Ft∏mgpw sNtø-≠-Xm-sW∂v kn\Uv \n¿t±in®p.278 [ym\m-fl-I-Po-hnXw (contemplative life) \bn-°p∂ kaql-ßsf kw_-‘n®v kn\Uv {]I-Sn-∏n® ]cn-K-W-\bpw IrX-⁄-Xbpw Hcn-°¬ IqSn Bh¿Øn-°m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-I-bmWv. Ah-cpsS {]tXyI Bflo-b-kn≤n, Xß-fpsS Znh-kØ - ns‚ \s√m-cp-`mKw Xs‚ ]p{Xs‚ hN\-ß-sfbpw {]hr-Øn-I-sf-bpw-Ip-dn®v KmV-ambn [ym\n® ssZh-am-Xm-hn-s\bpw (cf. eq°m 2:19, 51) I¿Øm-hns‚ ]mZ-Øn-¶¬ Ccp∂v Ahn-SpsØ hm°p-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Δw {ihn® _Ym-\n-bm-bnse adn-b-sØbpw (cf. eq°m 10:38) A\p-I-cn-°m≥ sNe-h-gn-°pI F∂-XmWv. Bhr-Xo-_≤-amb PohnXw \bn-°p∂ k\ym-kn-\o-k-\ym-knamsc Rm≥ {]tXy-I-ambn Hm¿°p∂p. temI-Øn¬\n∂v Ah¿ th¿s]-´n-cn-°p-∂Xp ImcWw temI-Øns‚ lrZ-b-amb {InkvXp-hp-ambn Ah¿ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ KmV-ambn sFIy-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. ""{InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\l-tØ-°mƒ as‰m-∂n\pw ap≥K-W\ \¬Im-Xn-cn-°m≥''279 Xocp-am-\n® kv{Xo]p-cp-j∑ - m-cpsS km£yw ap≥-s]-∂t- Ø-bpw-Imƒ IqSp-X¬ k`°v Bh-iy-ap≠v. temIw C∂p ]e-t∏mgpw A-Xy-[n-I-ambn _mly-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ IpSp-ßn-t∏m-hpIbpw AXns‚ kZv`m-hß - ƒ \jvSs - ∏-Sp∂ A]-IS- Ø - n¬s]-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. [ym\m-fl-I-PohnXw \bn-°p∂ kv{Xo]p-cp-j∑ - m¿ Xß-fpsS {]m¿∞-\m-Po-hn-Xhpw, ssZhh-N\ - Ø - ns‚ {i≤m-]q¿Δ-Ia - mb {ih-Whpw [ym-\h - pwhgn, a\p-jy≥ A∏w-sIm≠p am{X-a√ ssZh-Øns‚ \mhn¬\n∂p-]p-d-s∏-Sp∂ Hmtcm hm°p-sIm-≠p-amWp Pohn-°p-∂Xv (cf. aØm. 4:4) F∂v \sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂p. Cu
hN\w k`-bn¬
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Pohn-X-coXn ""G‰hpw {][m-\-am-bXv; Ahiyw-th≠ Htc Hcp Imcyw; F¥m-sW∂v C-∂sØ temIØn\v ImWn®psImSp°p∂p. Pohn-XsØ Pohn-X-tbm-Ky-am-°p∂ BXy-¥n-I-amb Hcp Imc-W-ap≠v. AXp ssZhhpw AhnSpsØ Bg-amb kvt\l-hp-amWv.''280 d) ssZh-h-N-\hpw Aevamb hnizm-kn-Ifpw 84. kn\Uv IqsS-°qsS Aevam-b-sc-°p-dn®p kwkmcn-°p-Ibpw ssZ\w-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hnhn-[-a-WvU-e-ßfn¬, tPmen-bnepw hnZym-e-b-ß-fnepw IpSpw-_-Ønepw hnZym-`ym-kØ - nepw, kphn-tijw {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ Ah-cpsS DZm-ca - mb {]h¿Ø\Øn\v Ah-tcmSv \μn-]d - b - p-Ibpw sNbvXp.281 ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Cu DØc-hm-ZnØw, \Ωn-ep≈ ""{]Xym-i-sb-∏‰n hni-Zo-I-cWw'' Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Gh-tcmSpw adp-]Sn ]d-bm≥ (cf. 1 ]t{Xm. 3:15) Ign-bp∂, Ft∏mgpw IqSp-X¬ t_m[-]q¿Δ-I-amb Hcp ss{IkvX-h-Po-hn-X-am¿§-Øn-eqsS hnI-kn-∏n-t°≠ Bh-iy-ap≠v. aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-Øn¬, ""hb¬ tem-Ihpw, \√-hnØv cmPy-Øns‚ ]p{X-∑mcpw'' (13:38) BsW∂v tbip Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂p. Cu hm°p-Iƒ ss{IkvXh Aevam-b¿°v {]tXy-I-ambn _m[-I-amWv. ]cn-ip≤m-flm-hn-ep≈ Hcp Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS hnip-≤n-bn-te-°p≈ Xß-fpsS ssZh-hn-fn-°-\p-kr-X-ambn Ah¿ Pohn-°p∂p. ""euIn-II - m-cy-ßf - n¬ G¿s∏´pw `uan-I{- ]-h¿Ø-\ß - f - n¬ ]s¶-SpØpw Hcp {]tXyI coXn-bn-emWv Ah¿''282 CXp {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. k`-bpsS \nb-am-\p-kr-X -A-P-]m-e-IcpsS am¿§-\n¿t±-i-Øn≥Io-gn¬ k`-bn¬ hmbn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-h-N-\-hp-am-bp-ff Hcp ]cn-Nb-Øn-eqsS ssZh-lnXw hnth-Nn-®d - n-bm≥ Aevam-bsc ]cnio-en-∏n-t°-≠-XmWv. k`-bpsS al-Ømb B≤ym-fln-IX-If - psS ]mT-im-ebn¬ Ah¿°v Cu ]cn-io-e\w t\Sm≥
146
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Ignbpw. Cu B≤ym-fln-IX - I - s - f√mw hnip-≤e - n-Jn-XØ - n¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amWv. k`m-]-c-amb {]tXyI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø߃ Gev]n-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ Aevamb hy‡n-I-fpsS cq]oI-cWw XpS-cm-\p≈ A-hk - cw, Ign-bp∂ CS-ßf - n-sems°, cq]-X-IƒXs∂ G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-XmWv.283 e) ssZh-h-N-\hpw hnhm-lhpw IpSpw-_hpw 85. ssZh-h-N-\hpw hnhm-lhpw ss{IkvX-h-Ip-Spw_hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn\v Du∂¬\¬tI≠ Bhiy-I-Xbpw kn\-Un\v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. Xo¿®bmbpw ""ss{IkvX-h-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fpsS X\n-abpw AXv F¥m-sW∂pw I¿Øm-hns‚ ]≤-Xn-b\ - p-kc - n®v AXv F¥mbn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw, ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ {]tLm-j-W-ØneqsS, {]kvXpX IpSpw-_-߃°v k` shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.''284 XXv^-e-ambn, ssZh-h-N-\-w hnhm-l-Øns‚ Dev]Øn-bn¬ Xs∂-bp-≈-XmsW∂pw (cf. D¬]. 2:4) Bcw-`Øn¬Xs∂ a\p-jy-kz-`m-h-Øn¬ Dt√-J\w sNø-s∏-´Xns\ Hcp IqZm-i-bpsS al-Øz-Øn-te°v Db¿Øn-s°m≠v tbip-Xs∂ hnhm-lsØ Ahn-SpsØ cmPy-Øns‚ Hcp ÿm]-\-am-°n-sb∂pw (cf. aØm. 19:4˛8) Hcn-°epw hnkv a - c n- ® p- I qSm. Cu IqZm- i - b psS ]cn- I ¿Ω- Ø n¬ At\ym-\y-ap≈ kzbw˛Zm\-Øns‚, "Hcp icoc'ambn-Øocp-∂-Xns‚, k`-bp-am-bp≈ {InkvXp-hns‚ sFIyw F∂ cl-ky-Ønse Hc-S-bm-f-Øns‚ (cf. Ft^. 5:31˛32) {]hN-\m-flI - amb {]I-S\ - a - mWv Hcp kv{Xobpw Hcp ]pcp-j\pw \SØp-∂Xv.''285 Cu kwhn-[m\w Ct∏mƒ ka-Im-en-I-at\m-`m-h-Øn¬\n∂v ]e-X-c-Øn¬ B{I-a-W-hn-t[-b-am-Ip∂p-sh∂v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-te°v ssZh-h-N-\-tØmSp≈ hniz-kvXX \sΩ \bn-°p∂p. sshIm-cn-I-a-WvUe-Ønse hym]-I-amb Nn¥m-°p-g-∏-Øn-s‚bpw a\p-jyi-co-c-sØbpw ssew-Kn-I-th¿Xn-cn-hn-s\bpw \n m-c-h-XvI-
hN\w k`-bn¬
147
cn-°p∂ Nn¥m-k-c-Wn-I-fpsS h¿≤-\-hn-s‚bpw ]›m-Øe-Øn¬; ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobp-ambn krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hniz-kvXhpw ]c-kv]-c-ap-≈Xpw ^e-{]-Z-h-amb Hcp kvt\l-Øn-te°p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX a\p-jy-s‚ BZn-a-\∑ ssZh-h-N\w Bh¿Øn-®p-d-∏n-°p∂p. amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿°v XßfpsS Ip´n-I-tfm-Sp≈ AXy¥m-t]-£n-X-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-Øns‚ Dd-hnSw hnhm-lØns‚ alm-cl - k - y-amWv. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ Pohn-XØ - ns‚ A¿∞w ssIam-dp-Ibpw AXn\p km£yw hln-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv bYm¿∞-]n-Xr-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw amXr-Xz-Øns‚bpw `mK-am-Ip∂p. Ah-cpsS hniz-kvX-X-bnepw IpSpw_-Po-hn-XØ - ns‚ sFIy-Øn-epw-IqSn Zº-Xn-If - mWv BZyw Ah-cpsS Ip´n-I-tfmSv ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-t°-≠Xv. IpSpw-_{- ]m¿∞\, ssZh-hN - \ - Ø - ns‚ {i≤m-]q¿Δ-Ia - mb {ihWw, ss__n-fn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ⁄m\w F∂nh hf¿Øm≥ Ahsc k`m-k-aqlw ]n≥Xp-W-bv°p-Ibpw klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøWw. Cu e£y-Øn-\p-th≠n, Hmtcm ho´nepw ss__nƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°W - s - a∂pw tbmKyamb Hcp ÿeØp {]XnjvTn®v hmbn-°m\pw {]m¿∞n°m\pw AXp-]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂pw kn\Uv Blzm\w sNbvXp. C°m-cy-Øn¬ Bh-iy-amb GXp klm-bhpw \¬Im≥ sshZn-I¿°pw Uo°-∑m¿°pw kpk-÷-amb Hcp Aevambkaq-l-Øn\pw km[n°pw. s]mXp-hmb {]m¿∞- \ bpw hnip- ≤ - e n- J n- X - ` m- K - ß - s f- ° p- d n- ® p≈ [ym\hpw hf¿Øm≥th≠n IpSpw-_ß - f - psS sNdnb Iq´mbva-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°m\pw kn\Uv \n¿t±-in®p.286 ""hnhml-Ønepw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Ønepw D≠m-Ip∂ sshj-ayß-fpsS a≤y-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N\w Aaq-ey-amb Hcp XpWbm-sW∂pw''287 Zº-Xn-Iƒ Hm¿t°-≠-XmWv. ssZh-h-N-\-tØmSp _‘s∏´v kv{XoI-fpsS ]¶n-s\°p-dn-®p≈ kn\-Uns‚ ip]m¿i-Iƒ ChnsS FSp-Øp-]-
148
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
dbm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. Ign™ Ime-tØ-°mƒ IqSp-X-embn C∂v, tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS hm°p-]-tbm-Kn-®p-]-d-bs´, ""kvss{XW-{]-Xn`,''288 hnip-≤en-JnXw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw k`-bpsS apgp-h≥ PohnX-Øn\pw henb kw`m-h\ \¬In-bn-´p≠v. Ct∏mƒ ss__nƒ ]T\w kw_-‘n®pw CXv bmYm¿∞y-amWv. IpSpw_-Ønepw hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw aX-t_m-[-\-Ønepw aqey߃ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw kv{XoIƒ hln-°p∂ A\pt]-£-Wo-b-amb ]¶n-te°v kn\Uv {]tXyI {i≤-sNep-Øp-Ib - p-≠mbn. ""ssZh-hN - \w {ihn-°p-∂X - n\pw ssZhhp-am-bp≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb Hcp _‘w Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\pw £a-bp-sSbpw kphn-ti-j-]-c-amb ]¶p-h-bv°ens‚bpw A¿∞w Im´ns°mSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bfp-Isf \bn°m-\p≈ Hcp {]tXyI Ignhv Ah¿°p≠v.''289 AXp-t]mse-Xs∂ Ah¿ kvt\l-Øns‚ ktμ-i-hm-l-Icpw ImcpWy-Øns‚ amXr-I-Ifpw kam-[m-\{k-jvSm-°-fp-amWv. Nqj-W-Øn-s‚bpw em`-Øn-s‚bpw {Iqc-amb am\-Z-WvU߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn ]e-t∏mgpw Bfp-Isf hn[n-°p∂ Hcp temI-Øn¬ Ah¿ Dujva-f-Xbpw a\p-jy-Xzhpw ]Icp∂p.
hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿Æ-amb ]mcm-b-Whpw "⁄m\-hm-b\'bpw 86. hnhn-[-ip-{iq-j-I-fnepw Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-I-fnepw D≈ F√m hnizm-kn-If - p-sSbpw B≤ym-fln-IP - o-hn-XØ - nse Hcp auen-I-L-SIw F∂ \ne-bn¬ hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-tØmSv {]m¿∞- \ m- ] q¿Æ- a mb Hcp kao- ] \w D≠m- b n- c n- t °- ≠ XmsW∂v, "⁄m\-hm-b\"sb°p-dn®v {]tXyI ]cm-a¿itØm-Sp-IqSn, kn\Uv IqsS-°qsS \njvI¿jn-°p-I-bp≠mbn.290 ssZh-h-N-\-amWv F√m bYm¿∞ ss{IkvXh B≤ym-fln-IX - b - p-sSbpw ASn-ÿm\w. "ssZh-hN - \w' F∂
hN\w k`-bn¬
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{]am-W-tc-J-bnse hm°p-Iƒ kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ D≤cn®p: ""hnizm-kn-Iƒ kt¥m-j-tØmsS hnip-≤-{K-ŸsØØs∂ kao-]n-°s´. ssZh-h-N\w \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ Bcm-[-\-{I-a-Øn-eq-sStbm, `‡n-]q¿Δ-I-amb ]mcm-b-WØn-eq-sStbm CXp km[n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. CtX Im-cy-Øn\p-th≠n e£y-{]m-]vXn-°p-]-‰nb ]T-\-ßtfm a‰p-]-bp‡-am¿§-ßtfm kzoI-cn°mw. k`-bnse CS-b-∑m-cpsS AwKo-Im-chpw \nb-{¥-Wh - pw-hgn C°m-eØv kvXpXy¿lamw-hn[w Fhn-sSbpw {]N-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wt√m Cu am¿§ßƒ. F∂m¬ F√m-hcpw Hm¿t°≠ H∂p≠v; hnip-≤{K- Ÿ - ] m- c m- b - W - t Øm- s Sm∏w {]m¿∞- \ bpw Bh- i yamWv.''291 ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ kw`m-jW-Øn¬ hnip-≤-enJn-XsØ kao-]n-°m≥ F-t∏mgpw ip]m¿i-sN-bvXn-´p≈ ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS al-Ømb ]mc-ºcyw ho≠pw kzmb-Øam-°m≥ Aßs\ Iu¨-kn¬ {ian®p. hnip≤ BK-kvXot\mkv C{]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p: ""ssZh-tØmSv \n߃ kwkmcn- ° p∂ hm°mWv \nß- f psS {]m¿∞\. \n߃ ss__nƒ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ ssZhw \nß-tfmSp kwkm-cn°p∂p. {]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ \n߃ ssZh-tØmSp kwkmcn- ° p∂p.'' 292 hnip- ≤ - { KŸw {Kln- ° m≥ ]T- \ - t Ø°mƒt]mepw IqSp-X¬ Bhiyw {InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ kmao-]yhpw {]m¿∞-\-bp-am-sW∂v Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ ss__nƒhm-b\ - b - psS alm-Kp-cp-\m-Y∑ - m-cn¬ Hcm-fmb HcnsP≥ A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-Sp∂p. ssZhsØ Adn-bm-\p≈ G‰hpw \√ am¿§w kvt\lam-sW∂pw; Ahn-SpsØ kvt\lØnse hf¿®-bn¬\n∂p `n∂-ambn bYm¿∞ "{InkvXphn- ⁄ m- \ obw' Cs√∂pw hmkv X - h - Ø n¬ Hcn- s P\p t_m≤y-s∏-´n-cp∂p. {KnK-dn-°p≈ IØp-Iƒ F∂ {KŸØn¬ Ae-Ivkm≥{Un-bm-bnse alm-\mb Cu ssZh-imkv{X-⁄≥, Cu D]-tZiw \¬Ip-I-bp-≠mbn: "hnip-≤en-Jn-Xß - f - psS "hmb\'°pth≠n \nß-sf-Øs∂ ka¿∏n-
150
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
°pI. ÿntcm-’m-l-tØm-Sp-IqSn \ne-\n¬°pI. ssZhØn¬ hn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ {]oXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂ e£y-tØm-Sp-IqSn \n߃ hmbn-°Ww. hmb-\-bpsS ka-bØv \n߃ Hc-S™ hmXn-ens\ t\cntS-≠n-h-cn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, ap´pI.'' Zzmc-]-e-I≥ Ah-\pth≠n AXp Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp°pw'' F∂v tbip Bsc-∏‰n ]d-™pthm B Imh¬am-emJ AXp \n߃°p Xpd∂p-Xcpw. Cu coXn-bn¬ "⁄m\-hm-b\'bv°v \nß-sfØs∂ hybw-sNbvXpsIm≠v, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ A¿∞w shfn-s∏-Sp-∂Xn-\p-th≠n Npdp-Sp-dp-t°m-sSbpw ssZh-Øn-ep≈ AN-©-e-amb ic-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw At\z-jn-°pI. henb ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ B A¿∞w D≈n¬ Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, shdpsX ap´p-Ibpw At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v \n߃ Xr]vX-cmI-cpXv. ssZhn-I-Im-cy-߃ a\- n-em-°m≥ XnI®pw Bhiy-ap-≈Xv {]m¿∞-\-bmWv. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ "At\z-jn∏n≥, \n߃ Is≠Øpw,' "ap´p-hn≥, \n߃°p Xpd-°s∏Spw' F∂p am{X-a√ c£-I≥ \-tΩmSv Acp-fn-s®-bvXXv. "tNmZn-∏n≥, \n߃°p In´pw' F∂v Ahn-Sp∂v Iq´nt®¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.''293 F∂n-cp-∂mepw, C°m-cy-Øn¬ hy‡y-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp kao-]-\-Øns‚ A]-ISw Hgn-hm-t°-≠-XmWv. Iq´mbva ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm-\mWv, ssZh-Øn-te-°p≈ \ΩpsS ]mX-bn¬ \sΩ kXy-Øn¬ tbmPn-∏n-°m-\mWv, ssZhh-N\w IrXy-ambn \ap°p \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-sX-t∂m¿°Ww. \sΩ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-scbpw hy‡n-]-c-ambn A`n-kwt_m-[-\-sN-øp∂ hN-\-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒXs∂, kaq-lsØ-]-Sp-Øp-b¿Øp∂, k`sb ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp∂ hN\wIq-Sn-bm-WXv. XXv^-e-ambn, hnip-≤-{K-ŸsØ Ft∏mgpw kao-]n-t°-≠Xv k`-bpsS Iq´m-bva-bn-emWv. ^e-Øn¬, ""hnip- ≤ - { K- Ÿ - Ø ns‚, Iq´m- b v a - b nep≈ Hcp hmb\
hN\w k`-bn¬
151
AXy¥w kp{]-[m-\-am-Ip∂p. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, hnip≤-en-Jn-X-Ønse kPo-h-hn-jbw ssZh-P-\-amWv, k`bmWv... hnip-≤-en-JnXw `qX-Im-e-Ønt‚X√. ImcWw, ssZh- Ø m¬Xs∂ {]tNm- Z n- X - c mb ssZh- P \w F∂ AXns‚ hnjbw Ft∏mgpw H∂p-X-s∂-bmWv. AXpsIm≠v , Pohn- ° p∂ hnj- b - Ø n¬ (subject) hN\w Ft∏mgpw kP-oh-am-Ip∂p. Aß-s\, k`-bp-am-bp≈ Iq´mbva-bn¬, AXm-bXv, G‰hpw BZy-Im-esØ ]nXm-°-∑mcn¬\n∂pXpSßn \ΩpsS kz¥w ImesØ hnip-≤∑ - m¿hsc-bp≈, Ct∏m-gsØ {]t_m-[-\m[n-Imcwh-sc-bp≈, F√m alm-km-£n-I-tfm-Spw-IqSn, hnip-≤-en-JnXw hmbn°p-Ibpw A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I F∂Xv {][m-\amWv.''294 C°m-c-W-Øm¬, hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-Øns‚ {]m¿∞-\m]q¿Æ-amb hmb-\-°p≈ khn-ti-jamb Ah-kcw Bcm[-\-{Iaw, {]tXy-In®v hnip-≤-Ip¿_m\ BIp∂p. hnip≤-Ip¿_m-\-bn¬, {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-c-‡-ßsf IqZmi-bn¬ \mw ]cn-I¿Ωw sNøp-tºmƒ, hN\w Xs∂ AhnsS k∂n-ln-X-am-Ip-Ibpw \Ωp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ I¿Ω-\n-c-X-amhp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Hc¿∞-Øn¬, hy‡n-]-c-hpw kmaqln-Ih - pw, {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿Æhp-amb ss__nƒ ]mcm-bWw F-t∏mgpw Znhy-_-en-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°Ww. Znhy-ImcpWy Bcm-[\, Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚ Bcm-[-\-{I-a-Øn\p-th≠n Hcp-°p-Ibpw AXn-t\m-sSm-∏-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXns\ ]n≥Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.295 AXp-t]m-seXs∂, hy‡n-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-am-bp≈ {]m¿∞-\m\n¿`-c-amb hnip-≤-{KŸ]mcm-b-Whpw, Bcm-[-\-{I-a-]-camb Hcp- ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ k` hN\w {]tLm-jn-°ptºmƒ Ahƒ ip{iq-jn-°p-∂Xv F¥mtWm AXn-\pth≠n Hcp-ßp-Ibpw AXn-t\m-sSm-∏-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXns\ Bg-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. ⁄m\-hmb-
152
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
\sbbpw Bcm-[-\-{I-a-sØbpw A{X-am{Xw ASp-∏n®v _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v, AP-]m-e-\-Øns‚ taJ-e-bnepw ssZh-P-\-Øns‚ B≤ym-fln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw Cu \S-]Sn°v am¿§- Z ¿i- I - a m- t I≠ am\- Z - W v U - ß - s f- ° p- d n®v \ap°p IqSp-X¬ \∂mbn a\- n-em-°m≥ Ignbpw. 87. hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xt- Øm-Sp≈ {]m¿∞-\m-`c - n-Xhpw ^e{]-Z-hp-amb Hcp kao-]-\-Øn-\p≈ At\Iw am¿§-߃ kn\-Un\p ap≥]pw kn\-Uns‚ thf-bnepw lmP-cm-°nb tcJ-I-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´n-´p≠v. F∂m¬ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ {i≤-sN-ep-Øn-bXv "⁄m\-hm-b\'bpsS ImcyØn¬ Bbn-cp∂p. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ "⁄m\-hm-b\'bv°v ""ssZhh-N-\-Øns‚ \n[n-Iƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp°m≥ am{X-a√, kPo-h-ssZ-h-h-N-\-amb {InkvXp-hp-ambn Hcp t\¿°mgvN Df-hm-°m\pw Ignbpw.''296 ChnsS Cu {]{In-b-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Np-h-Sp-Iƒ ]p\-c-h-tem-I\w sNøm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. Hcp ss__nƒ `mKØns‚ hmb-\-tbmSpIqSn (lectio) AXv Bcw-`n-°p∂p. AXns‚ bYm¿∞ D≈-S°w a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ Hcm-{Kl-Øn-te°v CXp \bn-°p∂p. Cu ss__nƒ`mKw AXn¬Øs∂ ]d- b p- ∂ Xv F¥mWv ? CXpIq- S msX, \ΩpsS kz¥w Bi-b-߃°-∏p-d-tØ°v Hcn-°epw \oßm-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ Hgn-I-gn-hmbn hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-`mKw Xocm-\p≈ A]-I-S-km-≤yX Ft∏m-gp-ap≠v. ]n∂o-Sp-h-cp∂Xv hnNn¥\w (meditation) BWv. AXv Cßs\ tNmZn°p∂p: Cu ss__nƒ`mKw \tΩmSp ]d- b p- ∂ Xv F¥mWv ? ChnsS HmtcmcpØcpw hy‡n- ] - c - a mbn, F∂m¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ HcwKw F∂ \ne-bnepw, Ahs\ As√-¶n¬ Ah-sf-Øs∂ Nen-∏n-°-s∏-Sm\pw sh√p-hnfn-°-s∏-Sm\pw A\p-h-Zn-°Ww. CXns\ XpS¿∂mWv {]m¿∞\bpsS (oratio) ÿm\w. AXv Cu tNmZy-amWv
hN\w k`-bn¬
153
tNmZn-°p-∂Xv: Ahn-SpsØ hN-\-Øn\p {]Xyp-Ø-c-ambn I¿-Øm-hn-t\mSp \mw F¥mWp ]d-bp-I? At]£; am≤yÿ-Xbpw IrX-⁄X - m-{]-IS- \ - hpw kvXpXnbpw F∂o \nebnep≈ {]m¿∞-\-bmWv hN\w \sΩ ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøp∂ {]mY-anI am¿§w. Ah-km-\-ambn, "⁄m\-hm-b\' [ym-\t- ØmSpIqSn (contemplatio) kam-]n-°p∂p. Cu kabØv, ssZh- Ø ns‚ Hcp Zm\w F∂ \ne- b n¬, bmYm¿∞ysØ Ahn-Sp∂p ImWp-Ibpw hn[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ AtX coXn \mw kz¥am-°p-Ibpw a\- n-s‚bpw lrZ-b-Øn-s‚bpw Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw F¥p ]cn-h¿Ø-\amWv I¿Ømhp \Ωn¬\n∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂v \tΩm- S p- X s∂ tNmZn- ° p- I bpw sNøp∂p. tdmam°m¿°p≈ teJ-\-Øn¬ hnip≤ ]utemkv \tΩmSv Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""\n߃ Cu temI-Øn\v A\p-cq-]cm-I-cpXv; {]XypX, \nß-fpsS a\- ns‚ \ho-I-cWw hgn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-hn≥. ssZh-lnXw Fs¥∂pw, \√Xpw {]oXn-P-\-Ihpw ]cn-]q¿Æ-hp-am-bXv Fs¥∂pw hnth-Nn®-dn-bm≥ At∏mƒ \n߃°p km[n°pw.'' (12:2) ssZhw ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse bmYm¿∞y-sØ-∏‰n hmkvX-h-Øn¬ hnth-I-]q¿Æhpw hnth-Nn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp Z¿i\w \Ωn¬ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw ""{InkvXp-hns‚ a\ v'' (1 sImdn. 2:16) \Ωn¬ cq]o-I-cn-°p-I-bp-amWv [ym\-Øns‚ e£yw. ChnsS ssZh-h-N\w hnth-Nn-°m-\p≈ Hcp am\-Z-WvUambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂p: AXv ""kPo-hhpw Du¿÷-kz-e-hpamWv; Ccp-Xe hmfn-s\-°mƒ aq¿®-tb-dn-bXpw, tNX-\bnepw Bflm-hnepw k‘n-_‘ - ß - f - nepw a÷-bnepw Xpf®p-I-bdn lrZ-b-Øns‚ hnNm-c-ß-sfbpw \ntbm-K-ßsfbpw hnth-Nn-°p-∂-Xp-amWv.'' (sl{_m. 4:12). Hcp hy‡nbpsS PohnXw ]c-kvt\-lt- Øm-Sp-IqSn a‰p-≈h - ¿°v Hcp Zm\-am°n-Øo¿°m≥ hnizm-knsb {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p∂
154
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ (actio) FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xp-hsc "⁄m\hm-b\'bpsS {]{Inb Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n√ F∂v \mw Hm¿°p-∂Xp \∂m-bn-cn°pw. ssZh-am-Xm-hn¬ Cu {]{In-b-bpsS ]c-a-amb kwt…j-Whpw ]q¿Øo-I-c-Whpw \mw ImWp∂p. Hmtcm hnizmkn°pw, ssZh-h-N\w hnt[-b-Xz-tØm-SpIqSn kzoI-cn-°p∂-Xns‚ amXr-I-bmWp adnbw. ImcWw, Ahƒ ""Chsb√mw lrZ-bØ - n¬ kw{K-ln®p KmV-ambn Nn¥n-®p-sIm≠n-cn-°p∂p'' (eq°m 2:19; cf. 2:51). hfsc hyXy-kvX-sa∂p-tXm-∂p∂-kw-`h - ß - s - fbpw {]hr-Øn-Is - fbpw Imcy-ßsfbpw, ssZh-Øns‚ alm-]-≤-Xn-bn¬, H∂n-∏n-°p∂ AKm-[-amb _‘w Ahƒ Is≠Øn.297 k`-bpsS km[m-c-W-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ A\p-k-cn®v, X\n°p-th-≠ntbm acn® hnizm-k-nIƒ°p-th-≠ntbm ZWvUhn-tam-N\w e`n-°m-\p≈ km[yX A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Hcp \S-]Sn F∂ \ne-bnepw IqSn, hnip≤ enJn-X-Øns‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb hmb-\-bpsS {]m[m-\y-sØ-∏‰n kn\Uv \n¿t±-in-®Xv Bh¿Øn-°m\pw Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p.298 ZWvU-hn-tam-N-\-ß-fpsS \S-]Sn299 {InkvXp-hns‚ A\-¥tbm-Ky-X-Iƒ kw_-‘n® kn≤m-¥-sØ-bmWv kqNn-∏n°pI. c£-bpsS ]cn-I¿Ωn F∂ \ne-bn¬ k` CXv ]I¿∂p-\¬Ip-Ibpw {]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. F∂m¬ AXv hnip-≤-cpsS Iq´m-bva-bpsS kqN-\-Iq-Sn-bmWv. AXv C{]-Imcw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. ""{InkvXp-hnt\mSv \mw F{X-am{Xw sFIy-s∏-Sp-∂pthm A{X-am{Xw \mw ]ckv]cw sFIy-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw AXnkzm-`m-hn-I-Po-h≥ A\y¿°p {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂XmWv.''300 Cu \ne-]m-Sn¬\n∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ, ssZh-hN-\Ø - ns‚ ]mcm-bWw \ΩpsS A\p-Xm-]Ø - ns‚bpw am\km-¥c - Ø - n-s‚bpw bm{X-bn¬ \sΩ XpW-bv°p-Ibpw k`bpsS kz¥-amWp \msa∂ \ΩpsS t_m[w Bg-s∏-Sp-
hN\w k`-bn¬
155
Øm≥ \sΩ {]m]v X - c m- ° p- I bpw ssZh- t ØmSp≈ _‘Øn¬ hf-cm≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. hnip≤ Awt{_mkv Cßs\ {]kvXm-hn-°p∂p: ""hnip≤ enJn-Xß - ƒ hnizm-k] - q¿Δw FSpØv k`-tbm-sSm∏w Ah hmbn-°p-tºmƒ, \mw ssZh-tØm-sSm∏w Hcn-°¬ IqSn GZ≥ tXm´-Øn¬ Dem-Øp-I-bmWv.''301
ssZh-h-N-\hpw adn-b-tØm-Sp≈ {]m¿∞-\bpw 88. ssZh-h-N-\hpw \k-d-Ønse adn-bhpw XΩn-ep≈ At`-Zy-amb _‘w a\- n¬h-®p-sIm≠v, hnizm-kn-If - psS CS-bn¬, k¿thm-]cn IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn¬, adn-b-tØmSp≈ {]m¿∞\ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-W-sa∂v, kn\Uv ]nXm°-∑m-tcm-sSm∏w, Rm≥ Blzm\w sNøp∂p. ImcWw, hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - f - n¬ ImWp∂ Znhyc-lk - y-ßs - f-°p-dn®p [ym\n-°m≥ AXp klm-b-I-amWv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, adnb-tØmSp302 tN¿∂p {InkvXp-hns‚ cl-ky-ß-sf-°p-dn®p [ym\n-°p∂ -P-]-ame{]m¿∞\303 hy‡n-]-c-amtbm kmaqln-I-amtbm sNm√p-∂Xv G‰-hp-a-[nIw klm-b-I-amIpw. {]Im-i-Øns‚ cl-ky-߃ tN¿Øv tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥ am¿]m∏ P]-ame kw]p-jvS-am-°p-I-bp-≠mbt√m.304 Hmtcm cl-ky-tØm-sSm∏w B cl-ky-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ Hcp sNdnb ss__nƒ `mKw hmbn°p-∂Xp \∂m-bncn°pw. {InkvXp-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse cl-ky-ß-tfmSp _‘-s∏´ Xncp-h-N\`mK-߃ lrZn-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xns\ CXp t{]m’m-ln-∏n°pw. {XnIm-e-P]w sNm√p∂Xn\v hnizm-kn-Isf t{]m’mln-∏n-°m\pw kn\Uv ip]m¿isNbvXp. efn-X-sa-¶nepw, Kl-\-amb Hcp {]m¿∞-\-bm-WnXv. ""Ah-X-cn® hN-\Øns‚ clkyw Znh-tk\ A\p-kva-cn-°m≥''305 CXp \ap°h-kcw Xcp∂p. ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn {]`m-X-Ønepw a≤ym-”Ø - nepw k‘ym-th-fb - nepw sNm√p∂, adn-bt- Øm-
156
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Sp≈ Cu {]m¿∞-\-tbmSv ssZh-P\w; IpSpw-_-ßfpw ka¿∏n-Xk - aq-lß - fpw, hniz-kvXc - m-bn-cn-°p-I DNnXamWv. ssZh-Øns‚ lnXm-\p-k-cWw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xnepw Ahn-SpsØ hN-\sØ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ß-fn¬ kzoI-cn°p-∂-Xnepw adn-bsØ A\p-I-cn-°m-\p≈ hc-Øn-\pth≠n, adn-b-Øns‚ am≤y-ÿ-X-bn-eqsS, {XnIm-e-P-]Øn¬ \mw ssZh-tØmSv At]-£n-°p∂p. a\p-jym-h-Xmc-c-l-ky-tØm-Sp≈ Bflm¿∞-kvt\-l-Øn¬ hf-cm≥ Cu ioew \ap°p klm-b-I-amIpw. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂, c£-Wo-b-N-cn{Xw apgp-h≥ ssZham-Xm-hns‚ (Theotokos) shfn-®-Øn¬ [ym\n-°p∂ ]uckvXy-ss{I-kvX-h-cpsS ]pcm-X-\-{]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Adn-bp-hm\pw hne-a-Xn-°phm\pw hym]-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°phm\pw tbmKy-amWv. ChnsS "AIm-XnkvXv', (Akathist) "]mct¢knkv' (Paraklesis) F∂o {]m¿∞-\mk-{º-Zm-b-ßsf-∏‰n {]tXyIw ]cm-a¿in-°m-hp-∂X - mWv. Hcp epØn-\n-bm-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ Be-]n-°p-∂Xpw k`-bpsS hnizm-k-Ønepw ss__nƒ ]cm-a¿i-ß-fnepw \na-·-hp-amb Cu kvXpXnKo-Xß - ƒ adn-bt- Øm-sSm-∂n®v {InkvXp-hns‚ cl-ky-߃ [ym\n-°m≥ hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bn-°p∂p. {]tXy-In®v, ssZh-am-Xm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ BZ-c-Wo-b-amb "AIm-XnkvXv, kvXpXn-KoXw (\n∂p-sIm-≠mWv Cu {]m¿∞\ Be-]n°-s∏-Sp-∂X - v) ss_k-ss‚≥ ]mc-ºc - y-Øn¬306 adn-bt- ØmSp≈ `‡n-bpsS AXyp-∂-X-amb Hcm-hn-jvIm-csØ {]Xn\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂p. Cu hm°p-IƒsIm-≠p≈ {]m¿∞\ lrZ-bsØ hnim-e-ambn Xpd-°p-Ibpw AXns\ D∂-XØn¬ \n∂p≈, ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p≈, kam-[m-\-Ønte°v, \ΩpsS c£-°p-th≠n adn-b-Øn¬\n∂p P\n® {InkvXp Xs∂-bmb kam-[m-\-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
hN\w k`-bn¬
157
ssZh-h-N-\hpw hnip-≤-\mSpw 89. \k-d-Ønse adn-b-Øns‚ DZ-c-Øn¬ amwk-am-bnØo¿∂ ssZh-h-N-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Hm¿°p-tºmƒ, \ΩpsS c£-bpsS clkyw ]q¿Øn-bm-°s - ∏´ \m´n-te°v Ct∏mƒ \ΩpsS lrZbw Xncn-bp∂p. AhnsS \n∂mWv temIØns‚ AXn¿Øn-Iƒhsc ssZh-h-N\w hym]n-®Xv. ]cnip-≤m-flm-hns‚ i‡n-bm¬, Hcp \n›n-X-k-a-bØpw ÿeØpw, tdmam km{am-Py-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-bnse Hcp Xp≠p-`q-an-bn¬, hN\w amwk-ambn. {InkvXp F∂ hy‡nbpsS km¿Δ-{Xn-I-Xbpw AXp-ey-Xbpw \mw IqSp-X-embn hne-a-Xn-°p-t¥mdpw Ahn-Sp∂p P\n-°p-Ibpw Pohn-°pIbpw \ap-°p-th≠n Poh≥ \evIp-Ibpw sNbvX \m´nte°v IrX-⁄-Xm-]p-c- cw \ΩpsS ZrjvSn-Iƒ Xncnbp∂p. \ΩpsS c£-I≥ Nhn´n-\-S∂ I√p-Iƒ Ct∏mgpw Ahn-SpsØ Hm¿Ω-bm¬ \nd-™n-cn-°p∂p. Ah XpS¿∂pw kZzm¿Ø ""DZvtLmjn''°p∂p≠v. C°m-cW - Ø - m¬, hnip≤-\m-Sn-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp∂ ""A©mw kphn-tijw''307 F∂ A`n-\\ - μ - \ - k - q-NI - a - mb ]Z-{]-tbmKw kn\Uv ]nXm°-∑m¿ A\p-kva-cn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. At\Iw t¢i-߃ Ds≠-¶nepw B ÿe-ß-fn¬ ss{IkvX-h-k-aq-l-߃ Ds≠-∂p-≈Xv F{Xtbm {][m-\a - mWv! tbip-hns‚ \m´n¬ Pohn-°p-Ibpw D∞n-X-\n-ep≈ Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn\p km£yw hln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ B {InkvXym-\n-I-tfmsS-√m-h-tcmSpw sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS kn\Uv Xß-fpsS AKm-[amb kmao]yw {]I-Sn-∏n®p. ""km¿Δ-{Xn-Ik - ` - ° - p≈ hnizmk-Øns‚ Hcp Zo]-kvXw-`a - mbn am{X-a√; ]c-ºc - m-KX - a - mbn \m\m-Xzhpw ]e hwi-ßfpw ]e aX-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp∂Xpw Ct∏mgpw Aßs\ XpS-cp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kaq-lØns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬, s]mcp-Ø-Øn-s‚bpw hnth-I-Øns‚bpw ka- N n- Ø - X - b p- s Sbpw Hcp ]pfn- a mhmbpw'' 308
158
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
{]h¿Øn-°m≥ hnip-≤-\m-´nse {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hnfn-°s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. ss{IkvX-h-P-\-X-bpsS Xo¿∞m-S-\-Øns‚ Hcp e£yÿm-\-ambn, {]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw {]mb-›n-Ø-Øn-s‚bpw, Hcp ÿe-ambn hnip-≤\ - mSv C∂p \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. hnip≤ 309 sPtdm-ans\ t∏mse-bp≈ {KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿ ]ucm-Wn-IIm-eØv CXp km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v. `uan-I-P-dp-k-tean-te°v \ΩpsS angn-Ifpw lrZ-b-ßfpw IqSp-X-embn Xncnbp-t¥mdpw F√m-Xo¿∞m-S-\-Øn-s‚bpw bYm¿∞-e-£yamb kz¿§o-b-P-dp-k-te-an-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS A`n-emjhpw c£ ssIh-cp-Øp∂ GI-\m-a-amb tbip-hns‚ \maw F√m-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ (cf. A∏. 4:12) \ΩpsS Xo{h-amb B{K-lhpw IqSp-X-embn Pzen-∏n-°s∏Spw.
159
`mKw aq∂v
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n (Verbum Mundo) ""ssZhsØ Bcpw Hcn-°epw I≠n-´n√. ]nXmhp-ambn KmV-_-‘w-]p-e¿Øp∂ ssZhw Xs∂-bmb GI-Pm-X-\mWv Ahn-SpsØ shfns∏-Sp-ØnbXv'' (tbml. 1:18).
160
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
161
k`-bpsS ZuXyw: ssZh-h-N\w temItØmSv {]kw-Kn-°pI ]nXm-hn¬\n∂p-¤-hn®v ]nXm-hn-te°p aS-ßp∂ hN\w 90. ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-k-Ønse ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb ]q¿hm-]c sshcp≤yw i‡-amb `mj-bn¬ hnip≤ tbml∂m≥ {]I-S-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. Hcp-h-iØv ""Bcpw Hcn-°epw ssZhsØ I≠n-´n√'' F∂v hnip-≤≥ ]d-bp∂p (tbml. 1:18; cf. 1 tbml. 4:12). \ΩpsS k¶-ev]-Ønt\m Bi-b߃t°m hm°p-Iƒ-t°m AXyp-∂-X-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ A\- ¥ - a mb bm- Y m¿∞yw \n¿ΔNn- ° mt\m Dƒs°m≈mt\m Ign-bp-I-bn√. ssZhw Ft∏mgpw F√m-‰n-t\°mfpw hen-b-h-\m-bn-cn°pw (Deu semper maior) F¶nepw hN\w bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ""amwk-ambn'' F∂pw hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ ]d-bp∂p (tbml. 1:14). ]nXm-hn¬-\n∂v P\n® GI-]p-{X≥ F∂pw ]nXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w Bbn-cp∂p. ]p{X≥ Bcpw Hcn-°epw I≠n-´n-√mØ ssZhsØ \ap°v shfn-s∏-SpØn. (tbm-l. 1:18). tbip-{InkvXp \ΩpsS ASptØ°v hcp-∂Xv ""Ir]bpw kXyhpw \nd-™-h-\m-bn´mWv'' (tbml. 1:14). Cu Zm\-߃ \ap°v \evIp-∂-Xn\m-bmWv Ahn-Sp∂v hcp-∂Xv (tbml. 1:17). ""Ahs‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ \n∂v \msa√mw Ir]-bv°p-ta¬ Ir] kzoIcn-®n-cn-°p∂p'' (tbml. 1:16). Aßs\, tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-jØ - ns‚ Bap-JØ - n¬ ssZh-tØm-sSm∏w D≠mbn-cp∂ hN\w amwk-am-bXpw \ΩpsS a\p-jy-kz-`m-h-
162
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
tØm-Sp-IqSn ]nXm-hn-te°p Xs∂ aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂Xpw tbml-∂m≥ [ym\-Øn\v hnj-b-am-°p∂p. hN\w a\pjy-kz-`mhw kzoI-cn-®Xv F∂-t∂-°p-am-bmWv. Cßs\ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v hcn-Ibpw ssZh-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏mhp-Ibpw sNøp∂ {InkvXp-hns\ ssZh-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp∂-h-\m-bn-´mWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv (tbml. 1:18; cf. 13:3, 16:28, 17:8, 10). eb¨knse hnip≤ sFtd\n-bkv ]d-bp∂Xpt]mse, ""]nXm-hns\ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂h - \ - mWv ]p{X≥.''310 "Bcpw Hcn-°epw I≠n-´n-√mØ' ssZh-Øns‚ ""Znhy-h-N-\-hym-Jym-Xm-hmWv'' \k-d-Ønse tbip F∂p thW-sa-¶n¬ ]dbmw. ""Ah≥ AZr-iy-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-cq-]-amWv'' (sImtfm. 1:15). ssZh-h-N\w F{X ^e{]-Z-amWv F∂Xp kw_-‘n® Gi-øm-bpsS {]h-N\w ChnsS ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp∂p: ""BIm-i-Øp-\n∂p s]mgn-bp∂ agbpw a™pw `qan°v sh≈w \evIn AXns\ ^e-`q-bn-jvT-am-°p∂p. AXp-t]mse, ssZh-h-N-\hpw. Fs‚ A[-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ hm°pw Aßs\Xs∂, k^-e-am-ImsX AXv Xncn-®p-hcn√. Fs‚ Dt±iyw AXv \nd-th‰pw, Rm≥ Gev]n-°p∂ Imcyw hnP-b-{]-Z-ambn sNøpw'' (cf. Gi. 55:10 apX¬). ]nXm-hn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏´ \n¿Æm-b-Ihpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb hm-°mWv tbip-{InkvXp. AXv ]nXm-hn¬\n∂v hcn-Ibpw ]nXm-hn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]nXm-hns‚ Iev]\ `qan-bn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw \nd-th-‰n-bn-´mWv Ahn-Sp∂v aS-ßp-∂Xv.
{]Xym-ib - psS ""hN\w'' temI-tØmSv {]tLm-jn°¬ 91. `qan-bpsS apJsØ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ssZhoIPo-h-\mbmWv ssZh-h-N\w \ap°v \evIs∏´ncn-°p-∂Xv. AXv F√mw ]p-Xp-Xm-°n-s°m≠v `qan-bpsS apJw \ho-Icn-°p∂p (cf. shfn. 21:5). ssZh-Øns‚ shfn-]mSv {ihn-
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
163
°p-∂-h¿ F∂ coXn-bn¬ am{X-a√ ssZh-h-N\w \tΩmSv CS-s]-Sp-∂Xv. ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ apt∂m-Sn-I-fmbpw AhnSp∂p \sΩ ImWp∂p. Xs‚ lnXw \nd-th-‰p-hm-\mbn ]nXm-h-b® Bƒ (cf. tbml. 5:36-˛38, 6:38-˛40; 7:16-˛18) \sΩ X∂n-te°v BI¿-jn-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øns‚bpw ZuXy-Øn-s‚bpw `mK-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ km-£yØn-eqsS F√m-bn-SØpw hN\w {]tLm-jn-°p-hm≥ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ I¿Ømhns‚ Acq]n \sΩ i‡-cm-°p∂p. BZn-a-ss{I-kvXh kaqlw Cu hkvXpX A\p-`-hn-®-dn-™-h-cmWv. {]kw-KØn-eq-sSbpw km£y-Øn-eq-sSbpw hN\w {]N-cn-°p-∂Xv I≠- h - c mWv Ah¿ (cf. A∏. 6:7). ChnsS \ap°v ]utemkv At∏m-kvX-es‚ PohnXw {]tXyIw A\p-kvacn-°m-hp-∂XmWv. I¿Ømhv ]q¿Æ-ambpw A[n-\n-th-in® Hcp a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p ]utemkv. ""tbip-{InkvXp Fs∂ kz¥-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p'' (cf. ^nen. 3:12). ""C\n-ta¬ Rm\√ Pohn-°p-∂Xv {InkvXp-hmWv F∂n¬ Pohn-°p∂Xv'' (Kem. 2:20). ]utem-kns‚ ZuXyhpw AXp-X-s∂bm-bn-cp∂p: ""Rm≥ kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ F\n°v ZpcnXw'' (1 tImdn. 9:16). {InkvXp-hn¬ shfn-hm°-s∏-´Xv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ F√m P\-ß-fp-sSbpw \nXyc£ Bbn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw, ssZh-a-°-fpsS kzmX{¥yw Bkz-Zn-°p-∂X - n-\mbn ]m]-Øns‚ ASn-aØ - Ø - n¬\n∂pw e`n® tamN-\-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw, ]utem-kn\v \√-Xpt]mse Adn-bm-am-bn-cp∂p. temI-tØmSv Xncp-k` DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv {]Xym-ibpsS "temtKmkv' BWv, hN-\-amWv (cf. 1 ]t{Xm. 3:15). Hmtcm\nan-jhpw ]q¿Æ-ambn Pohn-°p-∂X - n\v a\p-jy¿°v al-Ømb Cu {]Xymi Bh-iy-amWv. Hcp am\p-jn-I -apJ-ap-≈-h\pw Ah-km-\w-hsc \sΩ kvt\ln-®-h-\p-amb ssZh-amWv Cu {]Xymi (tbml. 13:1).311 AXp-sIm≠mWv {]Ir-Xym-Xs∂ Xncp-k` ZuXyØns‚ k` (missionary),
164
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hN\w {]tLmjn-°p∂ k` BbXv. tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ I≠p-ap-´n-bt- ∏mƒ \ap°p \evIs - ∏´ \nXy-Po-hs‚ hm°pIƒ \ap-°mbn am{Xw kq£n-®p-h-bv°m-\p-≈-X√. AXv F√m a\p-jy¿°pwth≠n-bp-≈-XmWv, Hmtcm ]pcp-j\pw Hmtcm kv{Xobv°pw th≠n-bp-≈-XmWv. C∂v Hmtcm a\pjy\pw Abmƒ AXv Xncn-®n-dn-bp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Cs√¶nepw, Cu hN\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ap≠v. Btamkv {]hmN-Is‚ Ime-sØ-∂t- ]mse, I¿Øm-hp-Xs∂ \ΩpsS CSbn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]pXnb hni∏pw, Zmlhpw DW¿Øs´! (cf. Btam. 8:11). ssZh-Ir-]-bm¬ \ap°v e`n-®n-´p-≈Xv a‰p-≈-h¿°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂Xv \ΩpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-amWv.
ssZh-h-N-\-amWv k`-bpsS ZuXy-Øns‚ Dd-hnSw 92. BZn-a-Imew sXmt´ ssZh-P-\-Øn\v D≠m-bn-cp∂ kphn-ti-j-{]-tLmjWw kw_-‘n® Ah-t_m[w k`bn¬ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ i‡-amb `mj-bn¬ ho≠pw {]Jym-]n®p. BZn-a-ss{I-kvX-h¿ kphn-ti-j-{]tLmjWsØ I≠Xv hnizm-k-Øns‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬Xs∂ thcq-∂n-bn-´p≈ Hcp Bh-iy-am-bn-´mWv. X߃ GXp ssZh-Øn-emtWm hnizkn-°p-∂Xv, B ssZhw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ssZh-amWv; C{km-tb-ens‚ Ncn-{X-Ønepw Ah-km-\a - mbn Xs‚ ]p{X\nepw kzbw shfn-∏-Sp-Ønb GI-k-Xy-ssZhw. Aßs\ F√m a\p-jycpw Ah-cpsS D≈ns‚ D≈n¬ {]Xo-£n-®ncp∂ {]Xn-I-cWw ssZhw Ah¿°v \evIn. BZn-a-ss{IkvXh kaq-l-߃ Xß-fpsS hnizmkw GsX-¶nepw Hcp kmw-kvIm-cn-I-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ `mK-amWv F∂p Icp-Xnbn√. hnhn[ P\-߃°v hyXy-kvX-amb hnizmkw F∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xn-bn√. kXy-Øns‚ taJ-e-bn-ep-≈-XmWv Xß-fpsS hnizm-ks - a∂pw AXv F√m-hscbpw Hcp-t]mse
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
165
_m[n-°p∂ hnj-b-am-sW∂pw Ah¿ a\- n-em°n. ss{IkvX-h-Zu-Xy-Øns‚ A¿∞w F¥m-sW∂v Xs‚ PohnXw hgn Hcn-°¬°qSn hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv hnip≤ ]utem-kmWv. ss{IkvX-h-k-tμ-i-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]c-amb km¿h-eu-In-IX hnip-≤≥ {]I-S-am-°p∂p. At∏mkvX- e - ∑ m- c psS {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ (cf. 17:16˛34), BsY≥knse "Acn-tbm-∏m-K-kn¬' \S∂ kw`hw hnhcn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv \ap°v ChnsS Hm¿Ωn°mw. P\-X-I-fpsS At∏m-kvX-e-\mb ]utemkv hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-ß-fp≈ Bfp-I-fp-ambn kwhm-Z-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ icn-bmb ImcWw ssZhsØ kw_-‘n® clkyw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂v At±-lØn-\p≈ Ah-t_m-[-amWv. ssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ clkyw Htckabw Adn-bs - ∏-´Xpw A⁄m-Xh - p-amWv; F{X Ahy‡-am-bn-´m-bmepw F√m a\p-jycpw, kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j∑mcpw, Xß-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ Cu clkyw Adn-bp∂p≠v. ""\n߃ Bcm-[n-°p∂ B A⁄m-X-s\-°pdn®pXs∂-bmWv Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv {]kw-Kn-°p-∂Xv'' (A∏. 17:23). bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ss{IkvX-h-{]-tLm-j-WØns‚ ]pXpa AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv \ap°v F√m P\-ßtfmSpw ""ssZhw Xs∂-Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p: hy‡n-]-c-ambn kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p, ssZhØn-se-Øm-\p≈hgn Ct∏mƒ Xpd-∂n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂p ]dbmw F∂-XmWv. ss{IkvXh - k - t- μiw Hcp Bi-bsØ B{i-bn-®p-≈-X√, Hcp hkvXp-Xsb ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈-XmWv F∂-Xt{X AXns‚ ]pXpa: ""ssZhw kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p'' F∂p≈Xv.312
hN-\hpw ssZh-cm-Pyhpw 93. AXp-sIm≠v k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ Cu ZuXyw thW-sa-¶n¬ \n¿Δ-ln-°m-hp-∂tXm a‰p {]h¿Ø-\-
166
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
߃°\p]qcIßtfm Bbn IW-°m-°m-hp-∂X - √. t\tca-dn®v, ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n \sΩ {InkvXp-hns‚ `mK-am-°p-∂Xn\v, {InkvXp \sΩ kzmwio-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v \sΩ-Øs∂ A\phZn- ° p- I - b mWv CXv . Aßs\ \mw {Inkv X phns‚Xs∂ ZuXy-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip∂p: ""]nXmhv Fs∂ Ab-®-Xp-t]mse Rm\pw \nßsf Ab-bv°p∂p'' (tbml. 20:21). \nß-fpsS PohnXw apgp-h\pw hN\w ]¶ph-bv°m≥ \nßsf Ab-bv°p∂p. hN\wXs∂-bmWv \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS ASp-tØ°v \sΩ i‡-ambn \bn°p-∂Xv. {]Imiw ]c-Øp-Ibpw ip≤o-Icn-°p-Ibpw am\-km-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv hN\-amWv, \mw hN-\-Øns‚ ip{iq-j-I¿ am{X-amWv. {InkvXp-Xs∂ {]kw-Kn® ssZhcmPyw hcp-∂X - n\v hN\-{]-tLm-jWw F{X AXym-h-iy-amWv, AXv A-Xn-a-t\ml-c-amWv, F∂ Ah-t_m[w \nc-¥cw \mw ]pXp-t°-≠Xp≠v. Aßs\, k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ hy‡-ambn a\- n-em°n-bn-cp-∂X - p-t]mse, ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚ A¥x-kØ, D≈S°w, hN-\-{]-tLm-j-W-amWv F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv \Ωn¬ h¿≤n°pw (cf. a¿t°m. 1:14˛15). ""tbip F∂ hy‡nXs∂-bmWv ssZh-cmPyw''313 F∂v Hcn-P≥ ]d-bp∂p. {it≤b-amb Hcp {]tbm-K-amWv CXv. F√m Ime-L-´-Ønepw Pohn-°p∂ P\-߃°v I¿Ømhv \nXy-c£ hmKvZm\w sNøp∂p. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw {InkvXp-hns‚ {]Imiw ]Xn-t°≠Xv F{X Bh-iyamsW∂v \m-sa√mw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p: IpSpw_w, hnZym-e-b߃, kwkv-Imcw, {]h¿Ø\w, hn{iaw, kmaq-lnI PohnX-Ønse a‰p apJ-߃, Ch-bn-se√mw B shfn®w hoiWw.314 kam-iz-mkØns‚ Hcphm°v ]d-be√ CXv; \ne-hn-ep≈ Ahÿ XInSw adn-°p-Ibpw am\-km-¥-cØn\p £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hN\amWv CXv. Bcneq-sS-bmtWm ]pXnb Hcp a\p-jy-h¿§w ]qh-Wn-bp-∂Xv
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
167
B hy‡n-am-bp≈ I≠p-ap-´-en\p hgn-Xp-d-°p∂ hN-\amWv CXv.
Cu {]tLm-jWw \S-Øm≥ ⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn® F√m-h¿°pw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap≠v 94. ssZh-P\w apgp-h\pw Hcp P\w F∂ \nebv°v "Ab-bv°-s∏-´-h¿' BWv. AXp-sIm≠v, ""⁄m\-kv\m\-Øn-s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ A\p-bmbn-I-fmb F√m-h¿°pw ssZh-h-N\w {]kw-Kn-°pI-sb∂ ZuXyw Ah¿ \n¿Δ-ln-t°≠ Hcp Npa-X-e-bmbnØocp∂p''315 F∂p kq\-l-tZmkv Hcn-°¬°qSn {]Jym-]n®p. IqZm-ibneqsS {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-Øns‚ `mK-amb Hcp ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-kn°pw, Cu DØ-chm-Zn-Øw X\n°p _m[-I-a√ F∂p Nn¥n-°m≥ Ign-bn√. Hmtcm IpSpw-_Ønepw CS-hI - b - nepw kaq-lØ - nepw kwL-S\ - b - nepw k`bp-tS-Xmb F√m kwcw-`ßfnepw Cu Ah-t_m[w ho≠pw DW¿tØ-≠-Xp≠v. Iq´m-bva-bpsS Hcp Znhy-c-l-kysa∂ \nebv°p k` ]q¿Æ-ambpw ZuXyØns‚ k`bmWv. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-\-hs‚ Pohn-Xm-¥- n\v A\ptbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ {InkvXp-hns\ {]tLm-jn-°p-∂X - n\v hy‡-amb, ^e-{]-Z-amb, kw`m-h\ \evIm≥ hnfn-°-s∏´n-cn-°p∂p. Xß-fpsS khn-ti-j-amb ZuXyw A\p-k-cn®v, sa{Xm∑mcpw sshZn-I-cpamWv hN-\-Øns‚ ip{iq-jbn¬ XßfpsS PohnXw apgp-h≥ hybw sNøm≥ hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂-h-cn¬ {]ap-J¿. kphn-tijw {]tLm-jn-°pI, IqZm-iIƒ ]cn-I¿Ωw sNøpI, hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p hip-≤-en-JnX-߃ kw_-‘n®v B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Adnhv ]I¿∂psIm-SpØv Ahsc ]cn-io-en-∏n-°pI — CsX√mw sa{Xm∑m-cp-sSbpw sshZn-I-cp-sSbpw ZuXy-Øns‚ `mK-amWv. Xß-fpsS {]tXy-I-Zu-Xy-a-\p-k-cn®p kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-
168
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
cWw \n¿Δ-ln-°p-hm≥ Xß-sfbpw hnfn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v Uo°-∑m¿ a\- n-em-°Ww. Xncp-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw kphn-tijw kzoIcn-®n-´n-√m-Øh-cpsS CS-bnepw hfsc hnjaw]nSn® kmlN-cy-ßfnepw ssZh-h-N\w {]kw-Kn-°p-Ibpw {]tLm-jn°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ ka¿∏n-X-Po-hnXw \bn-°p-∂-hcpsS kw`m-h\ hfsc {it≤-b-am-bn-cp∂p. ]pXnb kmlN-cy-ß-tfmSp s]mcp-Ø-s∏-´p-t]m-Ip-hm\pw ssZh-h-N\w ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn¬ t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hnfn-Isf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m≥ ss[cy-]q¿Δw ]pXnb ]mXI-fn-eqsS apt∂dp-∂-Xn\pw A-h¿ Ft∏mgpw k∂-≤-cmbn-cp∂p.316 Xß-fpsS {]hmNI ZuXyw \n¿Δ-ln-°p-hm≥ Aevambcpw hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Cu ZuXyw Ah¿°v e`n°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS ⁄m\-kv\m-\-Øn¬\n∂mWv. Ah¿ FhnsSbmbn-cp-∂mepw Xß-fpsS A\p-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ kphn-ti-j-Øn\p km£yw hln-°m≥ Ah¿ hnfn-°-s∏´n- c n- ° p∂p. ""kphn- t i- j - h - X v I - c - W - Ø n\p \nc- h [n Aevamb hnizm-kn-Iƒ, {]tXy-In®pw kv{XoIƒ, \evIp∂ tkh- \ - Ø n\v Atß- b ‰w BZ- c hpw IrX- ⁄ - X bpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw'' kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ {]I-Sn-∏n®p. temI-sa-ºmSpw Xß-fpsS kaq-l-ß-fn¬ hnim-e-a-\-t mSpw {]Xn-_-≤-X-tbm-Spw-IqSn, Dbn¿∏ns‚ kt¥m-j-Øns‚ BZy-km-£n-bmb aKvZ-te-\-a-dn-b-Øns‚ amXrI ]n¥pS¿∂p-sIm≠v, Ch¿ kphn-ti-jh - X - vIc - W - Ø - n-\mbn tkh\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂p''317 F∂v ]nXm-°-∑m¿ FSp-Øp-]-d™p. k`m{]ÿm-\-ßfpw ]pXnb kaq-l-ßfpw \ΩpsS ImeL-´-Øn¬ kphn-ti-jhXvI-c-W-Øn-\p≈ henb Hcp i‡n-bmWv F∂p kn\Uv AwKo-I-cn®p. kphn-tijw {]tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]pXnb am¿§-߃ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp°m≥ Ch¿ t{]m’m-l\w \evIp∂p F∂p kn\Uv \μn]q¿Δw Xncn-®-dn™p.318
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
169
hnizmkw kzoI--cn-®n-´n-√m-Ø-h-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈ ZuXy-Øns‚ (missio ad gentes) Bh-iy-IX 95. ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-°p-hm≥ F√m hnizm-knI-tfmSpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-hgn, \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønepw hnizmkw kzoI-cn-®n-´n-√m-Ø-h-tcmSp kphn-tijw -{]-kwKn-°pIsb∂ ZuXy-tØmSp \n¿Æm-bI - a - mb {]Xn-_≤ - X ]pe¿tØ-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Bh¿Øn®p {]Jym-]n®p. Ct∏mƒØs∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-tijw Adn-bm-hp-∂-h¿°p am{X-ambn AP-]m-e-\{]-h¿Ø\w ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Xncp-k-`bv°v Hcn-°epw Ign-bp-I-bn√. Hcp k`m-k-aq-l-Øns‚ ]Iz-X-bpsS hy‡-amb AS-bm-f-amWv hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-h-cn-te°pw kphn-ti-j-{]-N-cWw hym]n-∏n-°p-∂Xv. ssZh-h-N\w a\pjy\p c£-\-evIp∂ kXy-am-sW∂pw AXv F√m ImeL-´-ß-fnepw a\p-jy¿, kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j-∑mcpw, {ihnt°-≠X - mWv F∂pw k`m-]n-Xm-°∑ - m¿ Xd-∏n®p]d-bp∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ ssZh-h-N\w ]c-ky-ambn {]tLm-jn-°s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v. Xncp-k` Acq-]n-bpsS i‡n-bn¬ Cd-ßns®∂v Hmtcm hy‡n-tb-bpw ImWWw, kwkm-cn-°Ww (1 sImdn. 2:5). Aßs\ ssZh-h-N\w tIƒ°p-∂-Xn\p P\-߃°p≈ Ah-Im-ihpw kzmX-{¥yhpw {]hm-N-I-coXn-bn¬ kwc-£n-°pIsb∂ ISa k` XpS¿∂pw \nd-th‰Ww. AtXka-bw-Xs∂, ]oU\w t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ - m¬t∏mepw hN\w ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ G‰w \√ am¿§-߃ \nc-¥cw At\z-jn-°p-IbpwthWw.319 c£-\-evIp∂ hN\w Hmtcm a\p-jy-t\mSpw {]tLm-jn-°p∂Xv Xs‚ IS-a-bmsW∂v k` Icp-Xp∂p (cf. tdmam 1:14).
{]tLm-j-Whpw \hkphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-Whpw 96. t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿]m∏ "Chm-t©-enbn \p≥knbm¥n' F∂ A∏-kvtXm-enI DZvt_m-[-\-Øn¬ ]d™ {]h- N - \ - X p- e y- a mb hm°p- I ƒ A\p- k v a - c n- ® p- s Im≠v
170
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ ssZh-P-\-Øn\p apgph\pw ]pXnb Hcp kphn-tij {]N-c-W-Imew D≠m-IWw F∂v hnizm-kn-Isf hnhn[ coXn-I-fn¬ Hm¿Ωn-∏n®p.320 aq∂mw kl-{km-_vZ-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ C\nbpw kphnti-j-sØ-∏‰n tI´n-´n-√mØ [mcmfw Bfp-I-fps≠∂p am{X-a√; ssZh-h-N\w Hcn-°¬°qSn ^e-{]-Z-amb coXnbn¬ {]tLmjn®v tIƒt°≠ ss{IkvX-hcpw [mcm-fap≠v. Cu {]tLm-j-W-Øn-eqsS-thWw kphn-ti-jØns‚ i‡n Ah¿°v hy‡n-]-c-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sm≥. \ΩpsS ktlm- Z - c o- k - t lm- Z - c - ∑ m- c n¬ At\- I w- t ]¿ ""⁄m\-kv\m\w kzoI-cn-®n´p≠v. F∂m¬ Ah¿ th≠{X kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-cWw t\Sn-bn-´n√.''321 Hcp ImeØv hnizm-kk - º - ∂ - a - m-bn-cp-∂Xpw [mcmfw ssZh-hn-fn-If - p-≠mbn-cp-∂p-Xp-amb cmPy-߃°v atX-X-c-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-Øn¬s∏´v Ah-bpsS A\-\y-amb hy‡nXzw \jvS-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.322 Fs‚ hμy-\mb ap≥Kman lrZ-b-Øns‚ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°nb H∂mWv Hcp ]pXnb kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-W-Øns‚ Bhiyw. ssZh-hN\w ^e-Zm-bI - a - msW∂v Dd®phniz-kn-®p-sIm≠v ]pXnb kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-W-Øns‚ Bhiyw [oc-ambn ho≠pw {]Jym-]nt°≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. I¿Øm-hns‚ hniz-kvX-Xbn¬ k` Dd®p hniz-kn-°p∂p. AXp-sIm≠v kphn-tij- Ø nse kZv h m¿Ø {]tLm- j n- ° p- ∂ - X n¬\n∂pw, {InkvXp-hns\ A\p-K-an-°p-∂Xv F{X BI¿j-Wo-b-amsW∂v ho≠pw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v ss{IkvX-hsc £Wn°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw k` Hcn-°epw £oWn®v ]n≥hm-ßpI-bn√.
ssZh-h-N-\hpw ss{IkvX-h-km-£yhpw 97. k`-bpsS ZuXy-Øns‚ N{I-hm-f-߃ AXn-hn-ime-amWv. C∂sØ kml-Ncyw hfsc k¶o¿Æ-hpw. Cu hkvXp-X-Iƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v ssZh-h-N\w ^e-
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
171
{]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ At\Isc Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]pXnb am¿§-߃ kzoI-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. F√m kphn-ti-jh-XvI-c-W-Øn-sebpw {][m\ IYm-]p-cp-j-\mb ]cn-ip-≤mcq]n k`-bpsS Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ Ahƒ°p th≠ am¿§-\n¿t±iw H-cn-°epw \evIm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bn√. F¶nepw ssZh-h-N\w {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw ss{IkvX-h-km-£yhpw XΩn-ep≈ B¥-cn-I-amb _‘w GXp-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ kphn-ti-j-{]-tLm-j-W-Ønepw Hm¿Ωn-t°≠ kp{]-[m\-amb Hcp hkvXp-X-bmWv. \ΩpsS {]tLm-j-W-Øns‚ hnizk\obX Xs∂ CXn-s\-bmWv B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. I¿Ømhv \tΩmSv ]d-™n-´p≈ F√m Imcy-ßfpw kphnti-j-{]-tLm-j-W-Øn-eqsS a‰p-≈-hsc Adn-bn-°Ww; CXv Hcp hiw. adp-h-iØv km£y-Øn-eqsS Cu hN\sØ hniz-k-\o-b-am-°p-∂Xpw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. As√¶n¬ kphn-tijw BI¿j-Wo-b-amb Hcp Z¿i-\-amtbm "A{]m-]y-amb Hcp ]dp-Zok' Btbm Bfp-Iƒ°v tXm∂pw. Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]I¿Øm-hp-∂Xpw Poh≥ \evIp-∂Xp-amb Hcp bmYm¿∞y-ambn P\w kphn-ti-jsØ AwKoI-cn-°msX hcpw. ssZh-h-N-\hpw km£yhpw XΩn-ep≈ ]mc-kv]cyw ssZhw a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX hN-\-ØneqsS kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXns\ {]Xn-^e - n-∏n-°p-∂p≠v. ""hN-\sØ kPo-hhpw h¿Ø-am-\I - m-eØ - n-t‚-Xp-am-°p∂ km£n-Isf I≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xp-h-gn-bmWv''323 ssZh-h-N\w a\p-jy-cn¬ FØp-∂Xv. ""apXn¿∂-hc - psS B[n-Im-cn-Ia - mb km£y-Øn-eq-sSbpw Ahsc I≠p-ap-´p-I-h-gnbpw bph-P\- ß sf ssZh- h p- a mbn ]cn- N - b - s ∏- S p- Ø pI F∂Xv Ahiyw \S-t°≠ Hcp kwK-Xn-bmWv. kvt\ln-X∑ - m-cpsS {Inbm-fl-I-amb kzm[o-\hpw k`m-k-aq-l-Øns‚ alØmb Iq´m-bvabpw hgn''324 bph-P-\-߃°v ssZh-h-N\sØ I≠p-ap-´m≥ Ign-bWw. ssZh-h-N\w AXn-\p-Xs∂ \evIp∂ km£y-amWv hnip≤enJn-X-߃. Cu km£yhpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ Xß-
172
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
fpsS Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS \evIp∂ km£yhpw ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´n-cn°pw. H∂v as‰m∂ns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-Ibpw AXn-te°v \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. hnip≤enJn-X-ßfn¬ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ hN\w a‰p-≈-h¿°v FØn®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bmWv ss{IkvX-h-km£yw sNøp-∂Xv. Xß-fpsS PohnXwhgn a‰p-≈h - ¿°v GXp km£yw \evIm\mtWm ss{IkvXh - ¿ hnfn-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv B km£yw hnip≤enJn-X-߃ hni-Z-am-°p∂p. Aßs\ kphn-tij-Øns‚ hniz-k-\o-b-cmb km£n-Isf Is≠-Øp-∂-h¿ ssZh-h-N\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ B hN\w F{X ^e{]-Z-amWv F∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip∂p. 98. km£yhpw hN-\hpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu ]c-kv]-c-{]h¿Ø-\-sØ kw_-‘n®v "Ch-t©-eobn \p¨kn-bm¥n' F∂ A∏-kvtXm-enI DZvt_m-[-\-Øn¬ t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿]m∏ ]d-bp-∂Xv a\- n-em-°m≥ \ap°v Ignbpw. \ap°v s]mXp-hmb aqey-ß-fps≠∂v temI-Øn\v Nq≠n°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ HXp-ßn-\n-ev°p-∂-X√ \ΩpsS DØ-chm-ZnØw. ssZh-h-N\w {]Xy-£-ambn {]tLm-jn-°p∂ Hcp kao-]-\-Øn¬ \mw FØn-t®-tc-≠-Xp≠v. F¶n¬ am{Xta {InkvXp-hns‚ Iev]\ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \mw hniz-kvXX ImWn-°p-∂p≈q. ""Pohn-X-km£ywhgn {]tLm-jn-°s - ∏-Sp∂ kZvhm¿Ø, DSs\ Xs∂tbm kmhImitam, Pohs‚ hN\w hgn-Xs∂ {]tLm-jn-°-s∏-tS-≠Xp≠v. ssZh-]p-{X-\mb \{km-b≥ tbip-hns‚ t]cpw {]t_m-[-\hpw Pohn-Xhpw hmKvZm-\-ßfpw ssZh-cm-Pyhpw Znhy-c-l-kyhpw {]tLm-jn-°s∏Sp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ bYm¿∞Øn-ep≈ kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-cWw \S-°p-∂n√.''325 ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn\v Pohn-X-Øn-eq-sSbp≈ km£yw Bh-iy-amsW∂ hkvXpX BZn-a-Im-ewsXmt´ ss{IkvXh Ah-t_m-[-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p. {InkvXp-Xs - ∂-bmWv hniz-kvX\ - mb bYm¿∞-km£n (cf. A∏. 1:5; 3:14). Ahn-Sp-∂mWv kXy-Øn\v km£yw hln-
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
173
°p-∂Xv (cf. tbml. 18:37). kn\Uv ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ tIƒ°m≥ R߃°v `mKyw D≠mb \nc-h[n km£y-ß-fpsS {]Xn-[z\n \nß-fpsS ap≥]n¬ hbv°m≥ Rm\m-{K-ln°p∂p. ss{IkvX-h-a-X-tØmSv i{XpX ]pe¿Øp∂ `cW-IqS-߃ \ne-\n-ev°p-∂n-SØpw aX-]o-U-\-Øns‚ kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw, Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn°p-Ibpw kphn-ti-j-Øn\v hfsc {it≤-b-amb km£yw hln-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hnizm-kn-I-fpsS IY-Iƒ tI´v R߃ Bg-ta-dnb hnIm-c-߃°v hnt[-b-cmbn. Chsbm∂pw \sΩ `b-s∏-Sp-Øc - pXv. tbipXs∂ Xs‚ injy-∑m-tcmSp ]d™p. ""Zmk≥ bP-am-\-t\-°mƒ henb-h-\√, Ah¿ Fs∂ ]oUn-∏n-®p-sh-¶n¬ \nß-tfbpw ]oUn-∏n°pw'' (cf. tbml. 15:20). AXp-sIm≠v k` apgph-t\m-Sp-sam∏w, Ipcn-in¬ acn-°p-Ibpw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev°p-Ibpw sNbvX {InkvXp-hn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb ssZhkvt\-l-Øns‚ bmYm¿∞yw a‰p-≈-h¿°v a\- n-em°n-s°m-Sp-°p-hm≥ \ΩpsS Ime-L´- Ø - n¬Øs∂ kz¥w Poh≥ shSn™ \ΩpsS At\Iw hniz-kvX-cmb ktlmZ-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS km£y-Øn\v ssZh-Øn≥-ap≥]msI D®-Øn¬ Hcp kvXpXn-KoXw Be-]n-°p-hm≥ Rm\m{K-ln-°p∂p. {]Xn-_-‘-߃ D≠m-bn´pw kphn-ti-j-Øn\p-th≠n ]oU-\-߃ kln-t°-≠n-h-∂n´pw hnizm-kvXX-tbmsS \ne-sIm≠ B ss{IkvX-h-tcmSv apgp-h≥ k`bv°p-ap≈ IrX-⁄X {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Rm\m-{K-ln°p∂p. Xß-fpsS hnizmkw ImcWw Poh-lm\n `b-s∏Sp-∂-hcpw kaq-l-Øn¬\n∂v ]pdw-X-≈-s∏-´-h-cp-amb ss{Ikv X - h - k - a q- l - ß sf, {]tXy- I n®pw Gjy- b nepw B{^n-°-bn-ep-ap≈ ss{IkvXhkaq-l-ß-fnse hnizm-knIsf, Bg-ta-dnb ktlm-Z-c-kvt\-l-tØm-Sp-IqSn \mw Bt«- j n- ° p∂p. Chn- s S- b mWv kphn- t i- j - Ø ns‚ bYm¿∞ Acq-]nsb \mw I≠p-ap-´p-∂Xv. I¿Øm-hmb tbip-hn-\p-th≠n ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ `mKy-hm-∑m¿
174
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
F∂v DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂Xpw B Acq-]n-bmWv (cf. aØm. 5:11). Cßs\ \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-c-ßsf A\p-kva-cn-°ptºmƒ, hnhn[ cmjv{S-ß-fpsS `c-W-Iq-S-ß-tfmSv F√mh¿°pw aX-kzm-X-{¥yhpw a\-km-£n-kzm-X-{¥yhpw Dd∏p- h - c p- Ø m≥ R߃ Bh- i y- s ∏- S p∂p. Xß- f psS hnizmkw ]c-ky-ambn {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ km[y-Xbpw `c-W-Iq-S-߃ F√m-h¿°pw Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØWw.326
ssZh-h-N-\hpw temI-Ønse {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw ""G‰hpw Ffn-b-h-cmb Ahn-SpsØ ktlm-Z-c-ßfn¬'' tbip-hn\v sNøp∂ ip{iqj (a-Øm. 25:40) 99. ssZh-h-N\w a\p-jys‚ AkvXn-Xz-Øn-t∑¬ {]Imiw sNmcn-bp-Ibpw \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ Ipsd-°qSn Bg-Øn¬ t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂X - n\p \ΩpsS a\x-km-£nsb hnfn-®p-W¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. a\p-jy-N-cn-{Xw apgp-h\pw ssZhØns‚ hn[nbpsS Iognem-sW∂v a\- n-em-°p-tºmgmWv Cu Ah-t_m-[-Øns‚ Bhiyw hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv: ""a\p-jy-]p-{X≥ kIe amem-J-am-cp-samØv Xs‚ alØzØn¬ Fgp∂≈n Xs‚ aln-a-bpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ D]-hn-jvS-\m-Ipw. Ahs‚ apºn¬ F√m P\-X-Ifpw Hcpan®p-Iq-´s∏Spw'' (a-Øm. 25:31-˛32). IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Cu \nanj-Øns‚ {]m[m-\y-sØ-∏‰n Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ hfsc D]-cn-π-h-amb coXn-bnte Nn¥n-°m-dp-≈q. `mhnsb Cu \nanjw bmsXm-cp-hn-[Ø - nepw kv]¿in-°n-s√∂ a´n-emWv \mw s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ kphn-tijw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n°p- ∂ Xv \ΩpsS Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ Hmtcm \nan- j hpw {]m[m\yw A¿ln-°p-∂p, kzPohn-X-sØ-∏‰n Hmtcm-cpØ¿°pw IW°v t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠n-hcpw F∂p Xncn-®dn™v B \nan-j-ß-f-{Xbpw Xo{h-am-bn, Xo£vW-X-tbm-
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
175
sS, Pohn-°Ww F∂m-Wv. aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-tijw Ccp]-Ø©mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ ""tbip-hns‚ G‰w Ffn-b-hcmb ktlm-Z-c-ß-tfmSv'' \mw F¥p sNbvXp, F¥v sNbvXn-√, F∂v a\p-jy-]p-{X≥ ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂p (cf. aØm. 25:40,45); Ah-tcmSv sNbvXXv Xt∂mSv sNbvXX - mbpw Ah-tcmSv sNøm-ØXv Xt∂mSv sNøm-ØXmbpw AhnSp∂p Icp-Xp-∂p. ""F\n°v hni-∂p, \n߃ `£n-°p-hm≥ X∂p. F\n°v Zmln-®p, \n߃ IpSn°phm≥ X∂p. Rm≥ ]c-tZ-in-bm-bn-cp∂p \n߃ Fs∂ kzoI-cn-®p. Rm≥ \·\m-bn-cp∂p \n߃ Fs∂ DSp-∏n-®p. Rm≥ tcmKn-bm-bncp-∂p, \n߃ Fs∂ kμ¿in-®p. Rm≥ Imcm-Kr-l-Ønem-bn-cp-∂p, \n߃ Fs∂ h∂p-I≠p'' (a-Øm. 25:35,36). \mw temI-hp-ambn CS-s]-S-W-sa∂pw Ncn-{X-Øns‚ \mY\mb {InkvXp-hns‚ apºn¬ \ap°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-aps≠∂pw ssZh-h-N\w Xs∂ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. kphntijw {]tLm- j n- ° p- ∂ tXm- s Sm∏w \∑ sNøm\pw \oXn°pw A\p-c-RvP-\-Øn\pw kam-[m-\-Øn-\pw-th≠n {]Xn-_-≤-X-tbmsS {]h¿Øn-°m\pw \ap°v ]c-kv]cw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°mw.
ssZh-h-N-\hpw kaq-l-Øn¬ \oXn-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw 100. kXy-k-‘-X-bnepw \oXn-bnepw am\p-jnI _‘߃ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øphm\pw ssZh-Øns‚ Zr„n-bn¬ Iptd°qSn \oXn-\n-jvThpw hmk-tbm-Ky-hp-amb Hcp temIw kr„n-°m-\p-ap≈ GsXmcp {iahpw F{X hne-s∏-´-XmsW-∂-Xn\v km£yw hln-°p-∂-Xn\pw ssZh-hN\w P\߃°v {]tNm-Z\w \¬Ip-∂p. 327 ssZh-h-N\wXs∂ hfsc hy‡-ambn A\o-Xn-Isf X≈n-∏-d-bp-Ibpw Iq´mbvabpw ka-Xzhpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.328 I¿Øm-hns‚ hm°p-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬, Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ""Ime-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ß-sf'' \ap°v Xncn-
176
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
®-dn-bmw. thZ-\n-°p-∂-h-tcmSpw hnhn[ coXn-bn-ep≈ kzm¿∞-X-bpsS _en-bm-Sp-I-tfmSpw {]Xn-_-≤X ]men°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw Hfn-t®m-Sm-Xn-cn-°mw. \oXn-tbm-Spw Cu temIØv ]cn-h¿Ø\w hcp-Øp∂Xn-\pap≈ {]Xn-_-≤X kphn- t i- j - h - X v I - c - W - Ø ns‚ Hcp Ah- i y- L - S - I amsW∂v kn\Uv A\p-kva-cn-®p. t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿]m∏-bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬ ]d-™m¬, ""ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\v \nc°m-ØXpw \nXy-c-£-bv°m-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ kwhn-[m\-Øn\v hncp-≤-am-bn-´p-≈-Xp-amb am\-Z-WvU-ß-sfbpw (Imcy-ßsf hn[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am\-Z-WvU-߃) XmXv]cy-ß-sfbpw Nn¥m-K-Xn-tbbpw {]tNm-Z-\-Øns‚ t{kmX p-I-sfbpw PohnXssien-tbbpw kphn-ti-Øns‚ i‡n {]tbm-Kn®v ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.''329 Cu Imc-W-Øm¬ cm{„o-b-˛-km-aq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ F√m-h-tcmSpw {]tXy-In®v Hcp Imcyw ]dbp-hm≥ kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ B{K-ln-®p. Hmtcm hy‡nbp-sSbpw A¥- n-t\mSv BZ-chv ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw B A¥ v hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw Aßs\ bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ s]mXp\∑-bv°mbn Ah¿ ]cn-{i-an-°p-tºmƒ; Cu temIØnse Ah-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-cWhpw ssZh-h-N\Øns‚ {]N-cWhpw {]tNm-Z-\-am-bncn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Iptd-°qSn \oXn-\n-jvT-amb Hcp kaqlw kr„n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv {]Xy-£-Øn¬ Xncp-k-`-bpsS NpaX-e-b-√. hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw \∑-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb {]iv\-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm≥ k`bv°v Ah-Im-i-ap≠v, Npa-X-ebpw D≠v. F∂m¬ kaqlsØ \oXn- \ n- j v T - a m- ° p- I - s b- ∂ Xv {][m- \ - a mbpw Aevamb hnizm-kn-IfpsS Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. kphn-ti-j-]mT-߃ Dƒs°m-≠n-´p≈ Aevamb hnizm-kn-If - psS, cm{„obhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ t\cn´v CSs]-Sp∂ Aevamb hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS, Npa-X-e-bmWv CXv. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ k`-bpsS kmaq-lnI {]t_m-[-\-Øns‚
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
177
XØz-ß-fn¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]cn-io-e\w Ah¿°v \¬IWw F∂v kn\Uv ip]m¿i sNøp-∂p.330 101. {]IrXn \nb-a-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hmtcm hy‡n-°p-ap≈ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ kwc-£n-°p-∂Xnt‚bpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-t‚bpw {]m[m-\y-Ønte°v F√m- h cpw {i≤- X n- c n- ° Ww F∂v Blzm\w sNøm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-lr-Zb - Ø - n¬ FgpX-s∏-´n-´p-≈-XmWv {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-aw. ""CXv km¿Δ-eu-InIhpw Aew-L-\o-bhpw A\ym-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ BIm-ØXp-am-Wv.''331 Cu a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-hgn hy‡n-I-fpsS A¥ v Iptd-°qSn ^e-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw AXv temI-sa-ºmSpw t{]m’m-ln°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw Xncp-k` {]Xym-in-°p-∂p.332 tbip-{In-kvXphns‚ a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-Ønepw ac-W-Ønepw ]p\-cp-∞m-\Øn-epw-IqSn hos≠-Sp-°-s∏-´Xpw Db¿Ø-s∏-´-Xp-amb Xs‚ kr„n-bp-sS-ta¬ {k„mhv ]Xn-®n-´p≈ Xncn-®-dnhv Nn”-amWv Cu am\y-X. ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ {]Nmcw Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßsf Xncn-®-dn-bp∂Xpw BZ-cn-°p-∂Xpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cn-°n-√.333
ssZh-h-N\ {]tLm-j-Whpw P\-X-Iƒ°n-Sbnse A\p-c-RvP-\hpw kam-[m-\hpw 102. {]Xn-_-≤X {]I-S-am-t°≠ taJ-e-Iƒ At\-Iap-≠v. Ch-bn¬ kn\Uv Xo{h-ambn B{K-ln-°p∂ H∂mWv A\p-c-RvP-\-Øn-t‚bpw kam-[m-\-Øn-t‚bpw t{]m’ml-\w. C∂sØ kml-Nc - y-Øn¬ A\p-cR - vP\ - Ø - n-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-Øn-s‚bpw Hcp t{kmX- mbn ssZh-h-N-\sØ ho≠pw Is≠-Øp-I-sb-∂Xv F∂-tØ-°mfpw IqSp-X¬ Bh-iy-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Imc-Ww, B hN-\-Øn¬ F√m-‰n-t\bpw ssZhw Xt∂mSv A\p-c-RvP-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p (cf. 2 tImdn. 5:18-˛20; Ft^. 1:10). {InkvXp-hmWv ""\ΩpsS kam-[m\w''(F-t^. 2:14); hn`-P-\-Øns‚ aXn-ep-Iƒ XI¿°p-∂Xv Ahn-Sp-∂mWv . \ΩpsS `qtKm-f-Øn¬ \ne-
178
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
\n¬°p∂ A{I- a w- \ n- d ™ kwL- ´ - \ - ß - s f- ∏ - ‰ nbpw kwL¿j-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw kn\Un¬ ]ecpw A`n-{]m-b-{]I-S\w \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ Cu kwL-´-\-߃ hnhn[ aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ kwL-´-\-ambn ImWs∏-Sp-∂p. aX-hn-izm-k-Øn\v Hcn-°epw Ak-ln-jvWp-Xtbbpw bp≤-tØbpw \ymbo-I-cn-°m≥ BIn-s√∂v Hcn°¬°qSn Dds° {]Jym-]n-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ \ma-Øn¬ \ap°v sIme-]m-XIw \SØm≥ Ign-bn√!334 F√m aX-ßfpw bp‡n-Nn-¥-bpsS icnbmb {]tbmKw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww. kmaq-lnI klh¿ØnXzw Dd-∏p-hc - p-Øp∂ kZm-Nm-ca - q-ey-ßsf t{]m’mln-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw. {Iqin- ° - s ∏- S p- I bpw Dbn¿sØ- g p- t ∂¬°p- I bpw sNbvX tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬ ssZhw \n¿Δ-ln® A\p-cR - vP\-{]-{In-b-tbmSv hniz-kvXX ]pe¿Øn-s°m≠v, ItØmen-°-cmb P\-ßfpw, k∑- p≈ F√m a\p-jycpw, \oXn\n-jvThpw kam-[m-\-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kaqlw ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n A\p-c-RvP-\-Øns‚ Hcp amXr-I-bm-Im≥ Xß-sf-Øs∂ ka¿∏n-°-Ww.335 ""A{Iahpw Bbp-[-ßfpw sImSn-Ip-Øn-hm-gp-∂n-SØv a\p-jys‚ hm°p- I ƒ°v i‡n- b n- √ m- X m- b n- Ø o- c p- ∂ p. F∂m¬ At∏mgpw {]h-N\ - i - ‡ - n-bp≈ ssZh-hN - \w Dd-®p\n¬°p∂p. kam-[m\w km[y-am-sW∂v AXv \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n°p-∂p. \mw A\p-cR - vP\ - Ø - n-t‚bpw kam-[m-\Ø - n-t‚bpw D]-I-c-W-ß-fm-I-W-sa∂v AXv \sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂Xv \mw Ft∏mgpw Hm¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv.''336
ssZh-h-N-\hpw {]mtbm-KnIamb ]c-kvt\-lhpw 103. \oXn-tbmSpw A\p-c-RvP-\-tØmSpw kam-[m-\tØmSpw Im´p∂ {]Xn-_-≤-X-bpsS BXy-¥n-I-amb ASnØ-dbpw ]q¿Øo-I-c-Whpw {InkvXp-hn¬ \tΩmSv shfns∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ kvt\l-Øn-emWv. kn\-Un-\n-Sbv°v \¬I-s∏´ km£y-߃ tI´-t∏mƒ kvt\l-\n¿`-c-amb
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
179
lrZ-b-tØmsS ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p-∂-Xpw. \ΩpsS ktlm-Zc - o-kt- lm-Zc - ∑ - m¿ \S-Øp∂ \nkzm¿∞-amb tkh\hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w IqSp-X¬ hy‡-ambn R߃ a\- n-em-°n. ""\mw tIƒ°p∂ hN\w, kvt\lw hy‡am-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fmbn amt‰-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX F√m hnizm-kn-Ifpw a\- n-em-°-Ww. Imc-Ww, kphn-tij-{]-tLm-j-W-Øn\v hnizm-kyX D≠m-Im≥ Cu Hcp am¿§ta D≈q. hy‡n-I-sf∂ \ne-bn¬ am\p-jn-I-amb _e-lo-\X Ds≠-¶n¬°qSn At∏mƒ kphn-ti-j{- ]-tLmj-WØ - n\v hnizm-kyX D≠m-Ipw.''337 \∑ sNbvXpsIm≠v tbip Cu temI-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]mbn (cf. A-∏. 10:38). Xncp-k`- b - n¬ icn-bmb at\m-`m-ht- Øm-Sp-IqSn ssZh-hN - \w {ihn°p-tºmƒ, t{imXm-°-fn¬, ""F√m-h-tcm-Spw, {]tXyIn-®pw, km[p-°-tfmSv A\p-I-ºbpw \oXn-t_m-[hpw DWcpw.''338 kvt\lw (caritas) F∂pw XnI®pw \oXn-\n-jvTamb kaq-l-Øn¬t∏mepw Bh-iy-am-bn-cn°pw F∂ hkvXpX \mw Hcn-°epw hnkva-cn-°-cpXv. kvt\lsØ Hgn-hm-°m≥ Bsc-¶nepw {ian-®m¬ Abm-fpsS {iaw a\pjy-s\-Øs∂ Hgn-hm-°m-\m-bn-cn-°pw.''339 AXp-sIm≠v ]utemkv At∏m- k v X - e s‚ kv t \l- s Ø- ∏ - ‰ n- b p≈ kvXpXn-KoXw IqsS-°qsS [ym\-hn-j-b-am-°m≥ hnizm-knIsf Rm≥ DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p: ""kvt\lw Zo¿L-£a - bpw Zbbpw D≈-XmWv; kvt\lw Akq-b-s∏-Sp-∂n√; Bfl{]-iwk sNøp-∂n-√, Al-¶-cn-°p-∂n-√. kvt\lw A\pNn-X-ambn s]cp-am-dp-∂n-√. kzm¿∞w At\z-jn-°p-∂n-√; tIm]n-°p-∂n-√, hntZzjw ]pe¿Øp-∂n-√. AXv A\o-Xnbn¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂n-√. kXy-Øn¬ BÀmZw sIm≈p∂p. kvt\lw kI-eXpw kln-°p-∂p, kI-eXpw hnizkn-°p-∂p, kI-eXpw {]Xym-in-°p-∂p, kI-e-tØbpw AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂p. kvt\lw Hcn-°epw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n√'' (1 tImdn. 13:4˛8). hy‡n-sb∂-\n-e-bnepw Hcp k`m-k-aq-l-sa-∂-\n-e-
180
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
bnepw {]mtZ-in-Ia - mbpw km¿Δ-{Xn-Ia - mbpw \mw Ft∏mgpw ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Ab¬°m-c-t\mSp≈ kvt\l-tØmSv {]Xn-_-≤X ]pe¿ØWw. hnip≤ BK-kvXn-t\mkv ]d-bp-∂p: ""\nb-a-Øns‚ AXp-t]m-seXs∂ k¿Δ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fp-sSbpw ]q¿Øo-I-c-WamWv kvt\l-sa∂v a\- n-em-°pI ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. ssZh-tØmSpw Ab-ev°m-ct- \m-Sp-ap≈ Cu ZznapJ kvt\l-Øn¬ hf-cm≥ ITn-\-ambn {]b-Xv\n-°mØ-h≥ X\n°v hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ a\- n-em-bn-´p-≠v, As√-¶n¬ hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - ƒ GsX-¶nepw `mK-߃ a\ n-em-bn-´p-s≠∂v Ah-Im-is - ∏-´m¬ Abmƒ C\nbpw Ahsbm∂pw a\- n-em-°n-bn-´n-s√∂p hy‡w.''340
ssZh-h-N\ {]tLm-j-Whpw bph-P-\-ßfpw 104. bph-X-e-ap-d-tbmSv ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-°p-∂Xn¬ kn\Uv {]tXy-I-{i≤ sNep-Øn. bph-P-\-߃ Ct∏mƒØs∂ k`-bpsS kPoh AwK-ßf - m-Wv. k`-bpsS `mhnsb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cmWv Ah¿. ]e-t∏mgpw ssZh-h-N\w tIƒ°p-∂-Xn¬ ]c-t{]-c-W-Iq-Sm-sX-bp≈ Hcp Xpd∂ a\ v Ah¿ {]I-S-am-°p-∂p-≠v. tbip-hns\ Adn-bm-\p-ff Bflm¿∞-amb B{K-lhpw Ah¿ ImWn-°p-∂p-≠v. Pohn-X-Øns‚ A¿∞w kw_-‘n®v AhymPhpw AS-°m-\m-Im-Ø-Xp-amb tNmZy-߃ kzbw tNmZn°p∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-amWv buΔ-\w. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ Xß-fpsS PohnXw GXp-Zn-i-bn-te-°mWv \o-tß-≠Xv F∂Xv kw_-‘n®pw tNmZy-߃ Db-cpw. Cu tNmZy߃°v icn-bmb DØcw ssZh-Øn-\p-am-{Xta \¬Im\m-Iq. bph-P-\-ß-sf-∏‰n DXv°-WvTm-Ip-e-cm-Ip∂ \mw Ah¿°v \¬Ip∂ ktμiw [ochpw hy‡hpw Bbn-cn°-Ww. Bfl-hn-izmkw t\Sm≥ \mw bph-P\ - ß - sf klmbn-°-Ww. hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw Ahsc klm-bn-°-Ww. At∏mƒ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
181
Ah¿ t]tI≠hgn Im´n-s°m-Sp-°p∂ Hcp Znim-kqNnbmbn amdpw.341 bph-P-\-߃°v Xß-tfm-sSm∏w \S°p∂ km£n-I-sfbpw A≤ym-]-I-scbpw Bh-iy-ap-≠v. kphn-ti-jsØ kvt\ln-°m\pw AXv a‰p-≈-h-cp-am-bn, {]tXy-In®pw ka-{]m-b° - m-cp-ambn ]¶p-hb - v°m\pw Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-°-Ww. At∏mƒ Ah¿ hniz-k-\o-b-cmb bYm¿∞ ktμ-i-hm-l-I-cm-Ipw.342 Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw ssZh-hn-fn-bn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ Imcy-߃ shfn-®-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp∂ coXn-bn-em-bn-cn°Ww ssZh- h - N \w Ah- X - c n- ∏ n- ° p- I . ]q¿Æ- a mbpw Xßsf ssZh-Øn\p ka¿∏n-°p-I-sb-∂Xpƒs∏sS XßfpsS PohnXw GXp Zni-bn-te°v \oß-W-sa∂v Xocp-am\n-°m≥ AXv bph-P-\-ßsf klm-bn-°-Ww.343 ka¿∏nXPohnXØnte°pw ]utcm-ln-XyØnte-°p-ap≈ ssZhhnfn hnf-bp∂ ^e-`q-bn-jvT-amb aÆv ssZh-h-N-\-hp-ambp≈ kº¿°w [mcm-f-a-S-ßn-bn-´p≈ hnizm-k-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. k`-bpsS `cWw Gs‰-Sp-Ø-bp-S≥ Rm≥ \S-Ønb ""{InkvXp-hn-\mbn lrZ-b-Øns‚ hmXn-ep-Iƒ hnim-ea - mbn Xpd-∂n-SpI'' F∂ DZvt_m-[\w Hcn-°¬°qSn CXm Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn-te°v IS-∂ph-cm≥ {InkvXp-hns\ A\p-hZn-®m¬ PohnXw kzX-{¥hpw at\m-lc - hpw al-Øz-ap-≈Xpw B°p∂ bmsXm∂pw \„s∏-Sp-∂n-√, bmsXm∂pw \„-am-In-√, F∂p Rm≥ Xd-∏n®p-]-d-bp-∂p. Cu kplr-Zv_-‘-Øn¬ am{Xta Pohn-XØns‚ hmXn-ep-Iƒ hnim-e-ambn Xpd-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q. Cu kplrZv_‘-Øn¬ am{Xta a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ al-Ømb km≤y-X-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q... {]nb-s∏´ bph-P-\-ß-tf, \n߃ {InkvXp-hns\ `b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°phn≥! Ahn-Sp∂v \nß-fn¬\n∂v bmsXm∂pw FSp-Øp-am‰p∂n√; Ahn-Sp∂v \n߃s°√mw \¬Ip-∂p. \mw \sΩØs∂ {InkvXp-hn\p \¬Ip-tºmƒ Ahn-Sp∂p \qdn-c´n aS-°n-Ø-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v hmXn-ep-Iƒ Xpd-°p-hn≥,
182
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
{InkvXp-hn-\mbn hmXn-ep-Iƒ hnim-e-ambn Xpd-°p-hn≥. At∏mƒ \n߃ bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ PohnXw Is≠Øpw.''344
ssZh-h-N-\-{]-tLm-j-Whpw IpSn-tb-‰-°mcpw 105. Ncn-{X-Ønepw \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Bhn¿`hn-°p∂ bmYm¿∞y-ß-fnepw {i≤-sN-ep-Øm≥ ssZh-hN\w \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. k`-bpsS kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-cW-Øn-\p≈ ZuXyw N¿®-sN-bvX-t∏mƒ IpSn-tb-‰-sa∂ k¶o¿Æ-amb {]Xn-`mkw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°m≥ kn\Uv Xocp-am-\n-®p. ASp-ØI - m-eØv apsºßpw D≠m-bn-´n-√mØ tXmXn-emWv Bfp-Iƒ kz¥w \mSp-hn´v A\y-cm-Py-ßfn¬ FØp-∂-Xv. cm{„-ß-fpsS kpc-£n-X-Xzw, sa®-s∏´ Pohn-X-ku-I-cy-ßfpw Btcm-Ky-c-£bpw tPmen-km-≤yXbpw tXSn ]c-tZ-iØv A`bw {]m]n-°p-∂-h¿°v e`n°p∂ kzmKXw — CsX√mw hfsc kq£vaa - mbn ssIImcyw sNtø≠ At\Iw {]iv\-ßsf Dƒs°m-≈p∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fm-Wv. {InkvXp-hn-s\-∏‰n bmsXm∂pw Adnbm-Ø-h¿, As√-¶n¬ XnI®pw A]-cym-]vX-amb Adnhv am{X-ap-≈-h¿, ss{IkvX-h-]m-c-ºcyw \ne-hn-ep≈ cmPyß- f n¬ IpSn- t b- d n- ∏ m¿°p- ∂ p. AtX- k - a - b w- X s∂ ss{IkvX-h-hn-izmkw Bg-Øn¬ thtcm-Sn-bn-´p≈ cmPyß-fn¬\n∂pw {InkvXp- C\nbpw {]kw-Kn-°s∏´n´n-√mØ cmPy-ßf - nepw IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿°p-∂p. AhnsS ho≠pw kphnti-j-h-XvI-cWw \S-tØ-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. Cu kml-N-cy߃ ssZh-hN - \w {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ ]pXnb km≤yX-Iƒ e`y-am-°p-∂p. CXv kw_-‘n®v kn\Uv ]nXm-°∑m¿ ]d-™Xv IpSn-tb-‰° - m¿°v ss{IkvXh - k - t- μiw e`n°m≥ A¿l-X-bp≠v F∂mWv; Ah-tcmSv kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°Ww F∂m-Wv. CXv Ah-cpsS apºn¬ Ah-Xcn-∏n-°p-Itb BIm-hq, ASn-t®-ev]n-°m≥ ]mSn-√. Ah¿ ss{IkvX-h-cm-sW-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS hnizmkw h¿≤n-°m≥
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
183
klm-b-I-amb AP-]m-e-\-ip-{iqj Ah¿°v e`n-°-Ww. Aßs\ Ah¿ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ ktμ-i-hml-I-cmIpw. Cu {]Xn-`m-k-Øns‚ k¶o¿ÆX IW-°nse-Sp-°p-tºmƒ, kphn-ti-jØ - ns‚ km∂n-≤yhpw {]tLmj-Whpw km[n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]pXnb {]N-c-W-cq-]-߃ Is≠-Øm-\p≈ Ah-k-c-am-bn, ÿnc-hm-k-Øn-\mbn Hcp \m´n¬\n∂v thsdmcp \m´n-se-Øp-I-sb∂ Cu {]{Inb ImWs∏-Spw. ChnsS _‘-s∏´ cq]-X-I-sf√mw Iq´mbn {]h¿Øn-°Ww; kwL-Sn-X-ambn {]iv\w t\cn-S-Ww. \ΩpsS Cu ktlm-Z-coktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°v kvt\l-]q¿Δamb kzmK-Xhpw {i≤bpw e`n-°p-∂p-s≠∂v Ign-bp-∂{X Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. Aßs\ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ kZvhm¿Ø Ah-cpsS lrZ-bsØ kv]¿in-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ ssZhh-N-\-Øns‚ apt∂m-Sn-I-fm-Ip-Ibpw temI-Øns‚ {]Xymi-bmb ]p\-cp-∞m-\w sNbvX tbip-hn\v km£yw hln°p-Ibpw sNøpw.345
ssZh-hN - \ - {- ]-tLm-jW - hpw kl-\a - \ - p-`hn-°p-∂hcpw 106. kn\-Uns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°n-S-bn¬ imco-cnItam am\-kn-Itam Bflo-btam Bb thZ\ A\p-`-hn°p-∂-h-tcmSv ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bhiy-I-Xbpw kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ N¿® sNbvXp. Cßs\ thZ\ A\p- ` - h n- ° p∂ ka- b - Ø mWv Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ A¿∞w kw_-‘n® BXy-¥nI tNmZy-߃ G‰w Xo{hambn Hcmƒ°v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Xn∑-bp-sSbpw thZ-\bp-sSbpw cl-ky-Øn-\p-ap-ºn¬ am\p-jn-Ih - N - \w \n»-_vZam-Ip-tºmƒ, \ΩpsS kaqlw Pohn-X-Øn\p hne-I-ev]n°p-∂Xv Imcy-{]m-]vXnbpw Btcm-Kyhpw t`Z-s∏-´\ - n-eb - n¬ Ds≠-¶n¬ am{X-am-Ip-tºmƒ, Cu thZ-\bpsS \nan-j߃t]mepw ""ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ Bt«-j-Øn¬'' Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p-s≠∂v ssZh-h-N\w \ap°v ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂p.
184
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hym[nbpw thZ-\bpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ Zp¿_-e-am-°ptºmgpw a\pjyPohnXw ]q¿Æ-ambpw Pohn-°-s∏-tS-≠XmWv F∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ ssZh-hN - \ - sØ I≠pap´p∂-Xn¬\n∂p≠mIp∂ hnizmkw \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p. \ap°v kt¥m-jhpw Poh\pw D≠m-bncnt°≠-Xn-\mWv ssZhw \sΩ kr„n-®-Xv. ]m]-Øns‚ ^e-am-bmWv tcmKßfpw ac-Whpw temI-Øn¬ {]th-in-®Xv (cf. ⁄m\w. 2:23-˛24). F¶nepw Pohs‚ ]nXm-hmWv a\p-jy-h¿§Øns‚ G‰w henb `njKzc≥. thZ-\n-°p∂ a\p-jyh¿§sØ Ahn-Sp∂v kvt\l-]q¿Δw \nc-¥cw \nco-£n®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p, ip{iq-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ""a\p-jy\mbn Ah-X-cn® hN-\-amb tbip-hn¬'' ssZhw \ΩpsS thZ-\-I-fn¬ \tΩmSv F{X-am{Xw ASp-ØmWv \ne-sIm≈p-∂Xv F∂v \mw ImW-Ww. ""Ahn-Sp∂v \ap-°p-th-≠n ]oU-Iƒ kln-°p-Ibpw acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs‚ ]oUm-\p-`-hhpw ac-Whpwhgn Ahn-Sp∂v \ΩpsS _e-lo\XIƒ Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw AXns\ ]q¿Æ-ambpw cq]m-¥c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.''346 tbip thZ-\-b-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-cpsS kao]w Ft∏m-gpap- ≠ v . k`- b psS ZuXy- Ø n¬ ]cn- i p- ≤ m- c q- ] n- b psS {]h¿Ø\whgn Cu km∂n≤yw Ime-Øn¬ XpS¿∂p-t]mIp-∂p. hN-\Ø - nepw IqZm-iI - f - n-epw-Iq-Sn, k∑-\ - p≈ P\ß-fn¬°q-Sn, ktlm-Z-c-kvt\-l-Øm¬ t{]cn-X-cmbn ]ckvt\l kwcw-`-߃ \S-Øp∂ kaq-l-ß-fn-eq-sS, Cu km∂n≤yw XpS-cp-∂p. A{]-Imcw ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ apJhpw Ahn-SpsØ kvt\lhpw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v CSbm-Ip-∂p. ico-c-Øn-s‚bpw Bflm-hn-s‚bpw bYm¿∞ `njz-Kz-c-\mb {InkvXp-hn\v Xß-fpsS ssIIfpw IÆpIfpw lrZ-b-ßfpw ISw-sIm-Sp-°p∂ At\Iw ss{IkvXh¿, sshZn-I-cpw, k\y-kvXcpw Aevamb hnizm-kn-Ifpw \¬Ip∂ {]Im-i-am-\-amb km£y-Øn\v kn\Uv ssZhØn\v \μn ]d-™p. tcmKn-Isf ip{iq-jn-°p∂ kwcw-`-
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
185
߃ XpS-cm\pw Aßs\ ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X\m-bn-cn-°p∂ I¿Øm-hmb tbip-hns‚ Poh-Zm-b-I-amb km∂n-≤y-Øn-te°v Ah-sc s - Im-≠p-hc - p-∂X - n\pw kn\Uv F√m-h-scbpw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. thZ\ A\p-`-hn-°p∂-hsc hnip-≤-en-Jn-X߃ hmbn-°m≥ klm-bn-°-Ww. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ c£-bv°mbn {InkvXp kln® thZ\-I-fn¬ khn-ti-j-amb coXn-bn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip-hm≥ X߃°v Ign-bp-sa∂v Cß-s\-bp≈ hmb-\-bn-eqsS Ah¿ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Ahsc klm-bn-°Ww (cf. 2 tImdn. 4:8˛11,14).347
ssZh-h-N\ {]tLm-j-Whpw Zcn-{Zcpw 107. Zcn-{ZtcmSpw Bhiy-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h-tcmSpw ssZh-Øn\v {]tXyI kvt\l-ap-s≠∂v hnip-≤-en-Jn-X߃ hy‡--am-°p∂p (cf. a-Øm. 25:31-˛46). \ΩpsS ktlmZ-c-∑m-cpw ktlm-Z-cn-am-cp-amb ]mh-s∏-´-h¿°v kphn-tij-Ønse ktμiw tIƒ°m\pw Ah-cpsS AP-]m-eI - cpw kaq-l-ßfpw Ah-cpsS ASp-Øp-s≠∂v A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bphm\pw Ahsc klm-bn-t°-≠-Xns‚ {]m[m-\y-sØ-∏‰n kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Bh¿Øn®p kwkm-cn-®p. ""kphnti-j-{]-tLm-jWw tIƒ°m≥ G‰w IqSp-X¬ Ah-Imi-ap-≈Xv ]mh-s∏-´-h¿°m-Wv. Ah¿°v A∏w-am{Xw t]mcm, Pohs‚ hN p-Ifpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.''348 ]c-kvt\l ip{iqj Ft∏mgpw hN-\-{]-tLm-j-Whpw Znhy-c-l-kyß-fpsS BtLm-j-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°-Ww. \ΩpsS ssZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ Ft∏mgpw ]c-kvt\-l-ip-{iqj D≠mbn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.349 AtX-k-a-bw-Xs∂ ]mh-s∏-´-hcpw kphn- t i- j - h - X v I - c - W - Ø ns‚ \n¿Δm- l - I - c m- s W∂ hkvXpX \mw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. AXns\ hne-a-Xn-t°≠-Xp-ap-≠v. hnip-≤{- K-ŸØn¬ bYm¿∞ Zcn-{Z-cmbn hntijn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂Xv Xß-sf-Øs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssZh-Øn\v Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-h-cm-Wv. kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ tbip
186
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Ahsc ""`mKy-hm-∑m¿'' F∂v hnfn-°p-∂p. ""F¥p-sIm-s≠∂m¬ kz¿§-cmPyw Ah-cp-tS-Xm-Ip∂p'' (cf. a-Øm. 5:3, eq°m 6:20). Xß-fpsS {]Xymi ssZh-Øn¬ A¿∏n-°pIbpw ssZh-Øn¬ bYm¿∞ kºØv Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cpsS lrZ-b-km-c-fysØ I¿Ømhv AXn-bmbn «mln°p-∂p. Ah¿ temI-Øn-t‚-Xmb kº-Øn¬ {]Xymi A¿∏n-°p-∂n-√. bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw Xncp-k` ]mh-s∏-´h - c - psS {]Xo-£b - vs°mØv Db-cm-Xn-cn-°c - p-Xv. ""Ah¿°v ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv {i≤n®v tIƒ°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-cn¬\n∂v ]mT-߃ ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, hnizm-k-Øn¬ Ahsc \bn-°p-∂X - n\pw Xß-fpsS Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n® DØc-hm-Zn-Ø-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v Ahsc t{]m’m-ln-∏n°p-∂-Xn\pw AP-]m-e-I¿ hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.''350 At\Iw hnip-≤-∑m¿ sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xp-t]m-se, kzX{¥-ambn Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw ioen-°p-Ibpw sNøm-hp∂ Hcp ]pWy-amWv Zmcn{Zyw F∂pw Xncp-k` a\- n-em-°p∂p-≠v. Pohn-X-Øn\v Ah-iyw-th≠ hkvXp-°-fpsS Ipdhmbpw Zmcn{Zyw A\p-`-h-s∏-Smw. hni∏pw C√m-bvabpw kwL¿j-Øns‚ Hcp Dd-hn-S-hp-am-Wv. ]e-t∏mgpw A\oXnbpw kzm¿∞-X-bp-amWv Zmcn-{Zy-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂Xv. Xncp-k` ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-°p-tºmƒ ""ioent°≠ Zmcn{Zyw F∂ ]pWyhpw sNdp-t°≠ Zmcn-{Zyhpw Hcp-an®v ImW-Ww. Cu c≠v hn`m-K-߃ XΩnepw ]mckv]cyw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww. km¿Δ-{Xn-I-ambn km[pX-bp≈ kphn-tij aqey-ß-fmb anX-Xzhpw Iq´m-bvabpw \mw ho≠pw Is≠-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn\v \oXn-t_m-[hpw anX-Xzhpw hy‡-am-°p∂ Xocp-am-\-߃ D≠m-I-Ww.''351
ssZh-h-N-\-{]-tLm-j-Whpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kwc£-Whpw 108. \mw temI-hp-ambn CS-s]-S-W-sa-∂mWv ssZh-h-
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
187
N\w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ssZhw kr„n® kakvX {]]©-tØbpw ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS t\m°n-°m-Wm≥ CXv \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂p. GXv hN-\Ø - n-eq-sS-bmtWm ka-kvXhpw kr„n-°-s∏-´Xv B hN-\-Øns‚ Imev]mSp-Iƒ {]]-©-Øn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bpw (cf. tbml. 1:12). kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw AXv {]tLm-jn-°pIbpw sNøp∂ a\p-jy¿ F∂ \nebv°v \ap°v {]]-©tØmSv Hcp DØ-c-hm-ZnØw D≠v. {]]-©-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ Xs‚ k¶ev]w shfn-]m-Sp-hgn ssZhw \sΩ Adn-bn-®n-´p≠v. kr„n-°-s∏´ F√m hkvXp-°fpw Ah-bpsS {k„mhns\ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂p F∂v AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Iq´m°msX sX‰mb at\m-`m-hsØ X≈n-∏-d-bm≥ CXv \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. bmsXmcp ho≠p-hn-Nmc-hp-an-√msX NqjWw sNtø≠ Akw-kvIrX hkvXp°ƒ am{X-ambn {]]-©sØ ImWp∂ Cu at\m-`m-hsØ X≈n-∏-d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v e`n® Hcp Zm\-amWv {]]-©-sa∂pw AXv Ahn-SpsØ kwhn-[m-\-a\p-k-cn®v kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-sW∂pw ImWm≥ a\p-jy\v Ignhv \¬Ip∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb hn\bw a\p-jy≥ ImWn-°p-∂n-√. t\tc-a-dn®v ""ssZhw Cs√∂ coXn-bn¬'' Pohn-°p∂ a\pjys‚ [m¿„yw {]Ir-Xnsb NqjWw sNøm\pw hncq-]am-°m\pw CS-bm-°p-∂p. k¿§m-fl-I-amb ssZh-h-N-\Øns‚ ssIhn-cp-Xp-Im-Wm≥ Ah\p Ign-bp-∂n-√. ssZhim-kv{X-]-c-amb Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑mcpsS Nne {]kvXm-hß - ƒ Bh¿Øn-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ B{Kln-°p-∂p. ""hnip≤enJn-X-ßfpw k`-bpsS kPo-h-amb ]mc-º-cyhpw km£yw-h-ln-°p∂ ssZh-h-N-\sØ kzoIcn-°p-∂Xv F√mw Hcp ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS ImWm≥ CS-bm-°p∂p; B[n-Im-cn-I-amb ]cn-ÿn-Xn-hn-⁄m-\obw CXv t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. hnizm-k-Øn-t‚-Xmb A\p-kc- W - Ø n- e mWv Cu ]cn- ÿ nXn hn⁄m- \ o- b - Ø ns‚
188
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
thcpIƒ Bg-Øn¬ HmSn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F√m hkvXp-°fp-sS-bpw \∑ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ ]pXnb Hcp ssZh-imkv{X Aht_m-[w CXv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂p. F√m hkvXp-°fpw kr„n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv {InkvXp-hn-em-W-t√m.''352 kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ \sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Cu hkvXp-XI-fm-Wv. A¤p-X-s∏-Sm≥ \mw ho≠pw ]Tn-t°-≠n-bn-cn°p-∂p. kr„-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ at\mlmcnX Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ Ignhv \mw ho≠pw t\tS-≠nbn-cn-°p-∂p.353
ssZh-h-N-\hpw kwkvIm-chpw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ kwkvIm-cØn-\p≈ aqeyw 109. hN\w amwk-ambn F∂ hnip≤ tbml-∂ms‚ {]Jym-]\w ssZh-h-N-\hpw ssZhw a\p-jy-cp-ambn Bib-hn-\n-abw \S-Øm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ am\p-jn-I-amb hm°p-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ At`-Zy-amb _‘w shfn-s∏-SpØp-∂p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ssZh-h-N-\hpw kwkvImchpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ N¿® sNbvXp. ssZhw Aaq¿Ø-am-b-√, Ahy-‡-am-b-√, Xs∂Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. hnhn[ kw-kvIm-c-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ `mj-Ifpw {]Xn-cq-]-ßfpw {]tbm-K-ßfpw Cu hn\n-a-b-Øn\v Ahn-Sp∂v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Cu _‘w ^e-{]-Z-am-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v Xncp-k-`-bpsS Ncn{Xw kar≤-ambn km£yw hln-°p-∂p-≠v. kphn-tijw {]N-cn-°p∂-Xp-sIm≠pw hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-ß-fn¬ AXv thtcm-Snbn-´p-≈X - p-sIm≠pw Cu ]c-kv]c - _ - ‘w C∂v Hcp ]pXnb L´-Øn-te°v IS-°p-Ib - m-Wv. ]m›mXy kwkvIm-cØ - n¬ Cu ASp-Ø-Im-e-Øp-≠mb hnI-k-\-ßfpw CXn\p \nanØ- a m- b n- ´ p- ≠ v . F√m a\p- j y- c p- s Sbpw Pohn- X - Ø n¬ kwkvIm-c-Øn-\p≈ {]m[m\yw Xncn-®-dn-bWw F∂mWv CXv BZy-ta-Xs∂ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. kwkvImcw F∂
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
189
{]Xn-`mkw a\p-jym-\p-`-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcp XØzam-Wv. CXn\v hnhn[ apJ-ßf - p-≠v. ""a\p-jy≥ F∂pw Pohn-°p-∂Xv Hcp kwkvIm-c-Øn\v A\p-kr-X-am-bn-´m-Wv, Ah-t‚-Xmb Hcp kwkvIm-cw. Cu kwkvImcw BfpIƒ°n-S-bn¬ Ah-cp-tS-Xp-am-{X-amb Hcp _‘w kr„n°p-∂p. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw Pohn-X-Ønse ]c-kv]c _‘-ßfpw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂Xv Cu kwkvIm-camWv.''354 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS ssZh-h-N\w hnhn[ kwkvIm-c߃°v {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn-cp-∂n-´p-≠v. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb km∑m¿§nI aqey-߃, AXn at\m-lc - a - mb Iem-cq-]ß - ƒ A\p-I-cWo-b-amb PohnX amXr-I-Iƒ ˛ Chbvs°√mw Cu kwkvIm-cw cq]w\evIn-bn-´p-≠v.355 AXpsIm≠v ss__n-fpw kwkvIm-chpw XΩn¬ ]pXnb Hcp I≠p-ap-´en\v Xøm-sd-Sp-°p∂ Cu kabw, ssZh-h-N-\tØmSv Xpd-hnbp-≈h - c - mIp-∂X - p-sIm≠v kmwkvIm-cnI-tem-IØ - ns‚ `mKam-bn-´p-≈-h¿°v bmsXm∂pw `b-s∏-Sm-\n-s√∂v Ah¿°v Dd-∏p-\¬Im≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. ssZh-hN - \w bYm¿∞ kwkvIm-csØ Hcn-°epw \in-∏n-°p-I-bn-√. t\tc-adn®v IqSp-X¬ A\p-tbm-Pyhpw A¿∞-]q¿Æhpw a\pjyXzw XpSn-°p-∂-Xp-amb {]tbm-Khpw ssienbpw Is≠Øp-∂-Xn\v XpS¿®-bmbn e`n-°p∂ Hcp {]tNm-Z-\-am-bncn°pw ssZh-h-N-\w. bYm¿∞amb GsXmcp kwkvIm-chpw, a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn-\p-t\-cmbpw tkh-\a - \ - p-jvTn-°p-Ib - mWv AXns‚ e£y-sa-¶n¬, AXo-{μnb taJ-e-I-fn-te°v Dbtc≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p; Ah-km\w ssZh-Øn-te-s°-Øm≥ Ah k∂-≤-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.
kwkvIm-c-߃°p≈ al-Ømb Hcp s]cp-am-‰®-´-amWv ss__nƒ 110. kmwkvIm-cnItaJ-e-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cpsS CS-bn¬ ss__nƒ kw_-‘n® A\p-tbm-Py-amb Adnhv
190
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hf¿Øp-∂-Xns‚ {]m[m\yw kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Gsd Du∂¬ sImSpØv ]d-™p-h-®n-´p-≠v. aX-\n-c-t]-£-amb kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw hnizm-kn-I-f-√m-Ø-h-cpsS CS-bnepw Cu Adnhv t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww.356 a\p-jy-k-aq-lsØ apgp-h\pw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ \c-hw-i-imkv{X-]-chpw Zm¿i-\n-I-hp-amb aqey-߃ kzm[o-\n-®n-´p≠v.357 kwkvIm-c-߃°p s]mXp-hm-bp≈ Hcp s]cp-am-‰®-´a - m-Wv, \nb-ak - w-ln-Xb - m-Wv, ss__nƒ F∂ kao-]\w ho≠pw D≠m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
hnZym- e - b - ß - f nepw k¿Δ- I - e m- i m- e - I - f nepw ss__nƒ hn⁄m\w 111. ssZh-h-N-\hpw kwkvIm-chpw ]c-kv]cw I≠pap-´m-hp∂ Hcp thZn-bmWv hnZym-e-b-ßfpw k¿Δ-I-em-ime-Ifpw. AP-]m-e-I¿ Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ {]tXyIw {i≤ sNep-Ø-Ww. C°m-eØpw ss__nƒ kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ Adnhpw kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-ebn¬ AXv F{X ^e-{]-Z-am-bn-cn°pw F∂ t_m[hpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m≥ AP-]m-e-I¿ {ian-°-Ww. ItØmen°m kwL-ß-fpsS ]n≥_-e-ap≈ ]T-\-tI-{μ-߃ kwkvIm-c-Øn\pw hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\pw hy‡-amb kw`mh-\-Iƒ \¬Ip∂p≠v. CXv Xncn-®-dn-tb≠ Hcp hkvXp-Xbm-Wv. aX-t_m-[-\hpw Ah-K-Wn-®p-Iq-Sm. aX-t_m-[\w \¬Ip∂ A≤ym-]-I¿°v icn-bmb ]cn-io-e\w e`yam°-Ww. hnizm-k-Øns‚ ktμiw e`n-°m\pw AXn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn-°m\pw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v e`n-°p∂ Htc Hc-hkcw ]e-t∏mgpw aX-]c - a - mb hnZym-`ym-ka - m-Wv. aX-{]-t_m[-\-Øn¬ hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ Adn-bp-∂-Xn-\v, ]Tn-∏n-°p∂-Xn-\v, Du∂¬ \¬I-Ww. ]g-bXpw ]pXn-b-Xp-amb ap≥hn-[n-Isf adn-I-S-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ kXyw IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ {Kln-°p∂-Xn\pw CXv klm-b-I-am-Ipw.358
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
191
hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ sshhn-≤y-am¿∂ Iem-cq-]ß-fn¬ 112. ]e taJ-e-I-fn¬, {]tXy-In®pw Ie-bpsS taJe-bn¬, ssZh-h-N-\hpw kwkvIm-chpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ ]m›m-Xy-temIØpw ]uc-kvXy-tem-IØpw hnip-≤e - n-Jn-Xß - f - n¬\n∂p {]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m≠ Iem-kr-„n-Isf BZ-cn-°p-Is - b∂ al-Ømb ]mc-ºcyw \ne-hn-en-cp-∂p. Be-¶m-cnI IeIfpw hmkvXp-in-ev]hpw kmln-Xyhpw kwKo-Xhpw CXn\v DZm-lc - W - ß - fm-Wv. ]uckvXy ]mc-ºc - y-Øn¬ D≠m-bXpw {ItaW temI-saßpw hym]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂Xpamb _nw_-ßf - p-tS-Xmb {]mNo-\` - m-jbpw Rm≥ ChnsS A\pkva-cn-°p-∂p. hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-`m-K-ß-fn¬\n∂v {]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m≠v "at\m-lm-cy-X-bn¬ a\w-a-bßn' Iem-kr„n \S-Øp-∂h-tcmSv kn\Uv ]nXm-°-∑mcpw Xncp-k` apgph\pw BZ-chpw {]iw-kbpw A`n-\-μ-\hpw {]I-Sn-∏n-®psIm-≈p-∂p. \ΩpsS ssZhm-e-b-߃ Ae-¶-cn-°p∂-Xn¬ Ie- I ƒ henb kw`m- h \ \¬In- b n- ´ p- ≠ v ; \ΩpsS hnizmkw Hcm-tLm-j-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw \ΩpsS Bcm-[-\m\p-jvTm-\-ßsf kº-∂-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah¿ kw`m-h-\Iƒ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ime-tZ-i-ß-fpsS am\-߃°p≈n¬ A\-iz-chpw AZr-iy-hp-amb bmYm¿∞y-ßsf C{μnb tKmN-c-am-°m≥ At\Iw Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ klmbn-®n-´p-≠v.359 k`-bpsS kPo-h-amb ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚bpw {]t_m-[-\m-[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw shfn-®-Øn¬ Iem-Im-c∑m¿°v hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Adnhv e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v ka¿∞-cmb DtZym-K-ÿcpw kwLßfpw {ian-°p-∂-Xns\ Rm≥ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p.
ssZh-h-N-\hpw kmaq-ly-hn-\n-ab D]m-[n-Ifpw 113. ]g-bXpw ]pXn-b-Xp-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-am-≤y-aßsf {i≤m-]q¿hhpw _p≤n-]q¿hhpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-
192
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
tØ-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX ssZh-h-N-\hpw kwkvIm-chpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Ønse Hcp IÆn-bm-Wv. Cu am≤y-a-ßsf-∏‰n icn-bmb Adnhv kºm-Zn-°m≥ kn\Uv ]nXm-°∑m¿ Blzm\w sNøp-∂p. Cu am≤y-a-ß-fpsS {ZpXK-Xnbn-ep≈ hnI-k-\hpw hnhn-[-X-e-ß-fn¬ Ah ]c-kv]cw {]-h¿Ø\w \S-Øp∂p F∂Xpw ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS {i≤bn¬s∏-´p. am≤y-a-ß-fpsS hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn¬ sshZKv≤yw t\S-Ww, {]tXy-In®pw C‚¿s\‰v t]mep≈ ]pXnb am≤y-aß - f - n¬ sshZKv≤yw t\Sp-∂X - n\v IqSp-Xe - mbn {ian°Ww, F∂v Ah¿ DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. _lp-P-\-˛-hn\n-a-b-ß-fpsS temIØv k`bv°v Ct∏mƒØs∂ {it≤b-amb km∂n-≤y-ap-≠v. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ c≠mw hØn°m≥ Iu¨knepw k`-bpsS {]t_m-[\m-[n-Imchpw ]et∏mgpw CS-s]-´n-´p-≠v.360 kphn-tijktμiw {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂-Xn\v ]pXnb am¿§-߃ Is≠-Øp-I-sb-∂Xv kphn-tij-h-XvI-cWw XpS¿∂p-t]m-Im-\p≈ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Hu’p-Iy-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. C∂v Bibhn\n-a-b-߃ \S°p-∂Xv BtKm-f-hym-]-I-amb irwJ-e-Iƒh-gn-bm-Wv. ""A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ \nß-tfmSv Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂h {]Im-iØn¬ ]d-bp-hn≥; sNhn-bn¬ a{¥n-®Xv ]pc-ap-I-fn¬\n∂v tLmjn-°p-hn≥'' (a-Øm. 10:27) F∂ I¿Øm-hns‚ hm°pIƒ°v Cßs\ ]pXnb Hc¿∞w ssIh-∂ncn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A®Sn am≤y-a-Øn¬ am{X-a√ ssZh-h-N\w apg-ßn-t°ƒt°-≠-Xv. a‰p hn\n-a-b-cq-]-ß-fnepw CXv kw`-hn-°-Ww.361 am≤y-a-ß-fn¬ {it≤-b-amb Hcp km∂n≤yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Kuc-h-]q¿Δw bXv\n-°p∂ ItØm-en-°-tcmSv F\n-°p≈ IrX-⁄X Rm≥ {]I-S-am-°n-s°m-≈p-∂p. Cu taJ-ebn¬ IqSp-X¬ sshZKv≤yw t\Sn-bXpw IqSp-X¬ hnim-ehp-amb {]Xn-_≤X D≠m-Ip-hm≥ Rm≥ Blzm\w sNøp∂p.362 _lp- P - \ - ß - f p- a mbn hn\n- a bw \S- Ø p- ∂ - X n- \ p≈ ]pXnb am≤y-a-ß-fn¬ C‚¿s\-‰ns‚ h¿≤n-®-h-cp∂ {]m-
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
193
[m\yw \mw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp≠v. Bfp-Iƒ°v kphntijw {ihn-°p-hm≥ ]pXnb Hcp thZn-bmWv CXv e`y-am°p-∂Xv. F¶nepw C{]-Im-c-ap≈ am≤y-a-ß-fpsS temIØn\v bYm¿∞ temI-Øns‚ ÿm\Øn\v ]I-c-am-Im≥ Ign-bn-√; A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-amb hy‡n-Xe kº¿°w Ds≠-¶nte ]pXnb am≤y-a-߃ Xpd-∂p-X-cp∂ ]pXnb temIw kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-\mbn {]tbm-P-\-s∏SpØn A¿∞h-Ømb ]pXnb _‘-߃ ÿm]n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. C‚¿s\-‰ns‚ temIØv tImSm-\p-tImSn Nn{X-߃ _lp-k-l{kw {]Xeß-fn¬ temI-sa-ºmSpw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p. C‚¿s\-‰ns‚ Cu temIØv {InkvXphns‚ apJw Zriy-am-Ip-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ kzcw tIƒ°s∏-Sp-Ibpw thWw. Imc-Ww, ""{InkvXp-hn\v CS-an-s√-¶n¬ a\p-jy\pw CS-ap-≠m-In-√.''363
ss__nfpw kwkvIm-cß - f - psS kzmwio-Ic - W - hpw 114. a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-Øns‚ Znhy-c-lkyw \sΩ ]Tn∏n-°p∂Xv Ft∏mgpw kaq¿Ø-amb Ncn-{X-Øn-em-Wv, Ncn{X- Ø n¬ AS- ß n- b n- ´ p≈ kmwkv I m- c nI\nb- a - ß sf am\n®psIm-≠mWv, ssZhw a\p-jy-cp-ambn hn\n-abw \SØp-∂Xv F∂m-Wv. F¶nepw AtX hN-\w-Xs∂ hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw {]Xy-£-s∏-S-Ww, {]Xy-£-s∏-Sm≥ AXn\p Ign-bpw. Aßs\ B kwkvIm-c-ßsf D≈n¬\n∂v cq]m-¥c - s - ∏-SpØpw. Cu {]{In-bsb t]mƒ Bdma≥ am¿]m∏ "kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsS kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-Ww' F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.364 ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-k-Øn-s\∂ t]mse ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\pw Bg-ta-dnb Hcp kwkvIm-cm¥c kz-`mhw D≠v. hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-ßsf I≠p-ap-´p-∂Xn\pw Ah- b p- a mbn CS- s ]- S p- ∂ - X n\pw Aßs\ B kwkvIm-c-߃ ]c-kv]cw ASpØv CS-]-g-Ip-∂-Xn\v CSbm-°n-s°m≠v ssZh-h-N\w {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.365
194
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Chn-sSbpw kphntijw kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsS A¥¿[mc-bp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ {]m[m\yw \ap°v t_m≤y-am-Ip-∂p.366 Ah-ch - c - psS kwkvIm-cØ - ns‚ ]›mØ-e-Øn¬ F√m a\p-jy-tcmSpw kwkm-cn-°m≥ ssZh-hN-\-Øn\v B¥-cn-I-amb Ign-hp-s≠∂v Xncp-k` Dd-®p-hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Cu hnizm-k-Øns‚ Dd-hnSw ss__nƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. D¬∏-Øn-bpsS ]pkvXIw apX¬t° ss__nƒ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp km¿Δ-eu-InI ImgvN-∏mSmWv (cf. D-ev]. 1:27-˛28). A{_-lm-an-eq-sSbpw At±-lØns‚ k¥-Xn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw F√m P\-߃°pw hm-KvZm\w sNbvXncn-°p∂ A\p-{Klw Cu ho£Ww ÿnco-Icn-°p∂p (cf. Dev]. 12:3; 18:18). F√m P\-X-Iƒ°pw kphntijw {]kw-Kn-°m≥ Iev]n-°p-∂-Xp-hgn Cu ImgvN-∏mSv \n¿Æm-b-I-ambn ÿnco-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.367 C°m-c-WØm¬ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ kzmwio-I-cWw F∂v ]d-bp∂Xv D]-cn-π-h-amb A\p-cq-]-s∏-S-ens‚ Hcp {]{In-b-bmbn sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-S-cp-Xv. hnhn[ hnizm-k-ßsf Iq´n°pg®v IqSp-X¬ kzoIm-cy-am-°m≥th≠n kphn-ti-jØ - ns‚ A\\y-X-bn¬ sh≈w tN¿°p-Ibpw Acp-Xv.368 ssZh-h-N-\Øns‚ a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-amWv kwkvImc kzmwio-I-c-WØns‚ B[n-Im-cn-Iamb amXr-I. kphn-ti-jØ - m¬ ]pXnsbmcp Poh≥ Is≠-Ønb kwkvImcw cq]m-¥cw {]m]n°p-tºmƒ, B kwkvImc kzmwio-I-cWw a\p-jym-h-Xmc- Ø ns‚ Hcp bYm¿∞ {]Xn- — m- b - b m- b n- Ø o- c p- ∂ p. At∏mƒ B kwkvImcw kPo-h-amb kz¥w ]mc-º-cyØn¬\n∂v ss{IkvX-h-Po-hn-X-Øn\v ]pXnb Bhn-jvIc-W-ssi-en-Iƒ kΩm-\n-°pw. Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Ønepw Nn¥m-co-Xn-bnepw kz¥w kwkvImcw Ah {]Xn-^-en-∏n°pw.369 Aßs\ {]mtZ-inI kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ ]pfn-am-hmbn AXv {]h¿Øn°pw; B kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ \ne-hn-encp∂ hN-\-Øns‚ hnØp-Ifpw (Semina Verbi) {Inbm-fl-
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
195
I LS-I-ßfpw hnI-kn-°m≥ CXv klm-bn-°pw. Aßs\ B kwkvImcw kphn-ti-j-aq-ey-ßtfmSp Xpd-hn-bp≈-Xm-Ipw.370
ss__nƒ hnh¿Ø-\hpw AXv IqSp-X¬ hn]pe-ambn e`y-am-°epw 115. ssZh-h-N-\sØ hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-߃ kzmwioI-cn-°p-∂Xv k`-bpsS Cu temIØnse ZuXy-Øns‚ Hcp Ahn-`m-Py-LS- I - a - m-Wv. Cu {]{In-bb - nse Hcp \n¿Æmb- I - \ n- a n- j - a m- W v , ss__nƒ hnhn[ `mj- I - f n¬ hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXv hym]-I-ambn e`y-am-°pI F∂ hnetb-dnb Zu-Xyw. ""]g-b-\n-b-a Ime-Øp-Xs∂ hnip-≤-enJn-X-߃ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXpX \mw Ft∏mgpw Hm¿-Ωn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. BZyw lo{_q ss__nƒ Adam-bn°v `mj-bn-te°v (hmNy-cq-]-Øn¬) (s\-l. 8:8, 12) hnh¿-Ø\w sNø-s∏-´p. ]n∂oSv {Ko°v `mj-bn-te°v ss__nƒ enJn-Xc - q-]Ø - n¬ hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-´p. aqeIr-Xnsb ]Zm-\p-]Zw a‰p `mj-bn-em-°p-∂X - √ hnh¿Ø\w F∂v \ap-°-dn-bmw. Hcp {KŸ-`mKw `mjm-¥cw sNø-s∏Sp-tºmƒ kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb ]›m-Ø-e-Ønepw am‰w hcptØ-≠n-h-cpw. hnhn[ `mj-I-fn¬ Bi-b-߃ ]q¿Æambpw kam-\-am-bn-cn-°n-√, Htc {]Xo-I-Øn\v hyXykvX A¿∞-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ImcWw hyXy-kvX-amb Nn¥mssi-en-bn¬\n∂pw ]mc-º-cy-ßfn¬\n∂pw Pohn-X-ssien-Ifn¬\n-∂p-amWv Ah Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂-Xv.''371 Ipsd Gsd {]mtZ-inI k`-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsSXs∂ `mj-bn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX ss__nƒ Cs√∂v kn\Un-\n-Sbv°v hy‡-am-°-s∏-´p. C∂v F{Xtbm Bfp-Iƒ ssZh-h-N-\-Øn-\p-th≠n Zmln-°p-∂p. F¶nepw c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ B{K-ln-®-Xpt]mse hnip-≤-enJn-X-߃ Ah¿°v {]bm-kw-Iq-SmsX e`y-am-Ip-∂n-√.372
196
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
AXp-sIm≠v hnhn[ `mj-I-fn-te°v ss__nƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v {]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ hnZ-Kv≤sc ]cnio-en-∏n-°p-∂Xv Atß-b‰w {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ Imcyam-sW∂v kn\Uv Icp-Xn.373 Cu taJ-e-bn¬ hn`-h-߃ \nt£-]n-°p-hm≥ ([\w hn\n-tbm-Kn-°phm≥) Rm≥ DXvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ImØ-enIv ss__nƒ s^U-tdjs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ]n≥XpW \¬I-W-sa∂v ip]m¿isNøm≥ Rm≥ AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-°p-∂p. Aßs\ hnh¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n-°p-hm\pw IqSp-X¬ hym]-I-ambn hnip-≤-en-Jn-X-߃ e`y-am-Ip-hm\pw CS-bmIp-a-t√m.374 CØcw Hcp kwcw-`-Øns‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ hy‡-am-Ip-∂Xpt]mse, Ign-bp-∂{X hnhn[ ss__nƒ skmssk-‰n-I-fp-ambn kl-I-cn-®p-thWw CXv \S-∏n-em-°m≥.
ssZh-h-N\w kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-Iƒ AXnew-Ln-°p∂p 116. ssZh-h-N-\hpw kwkvIm-c-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-∏‰n N¿® sNbvXt- ∏mƒ, BZn-as - s{I-kvXh - ¿°v s]¥-t°m-kvXm-Zn-hkw sXm´v D≠mb A\p-`hw FSpØp-]-d-tb-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX kn\Uv ktΩ-f-\-Øn\v t_m≤y-ambn (A-∏. 12:1˛2). hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw `mj-I-fnepw {]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb BhnjvI-cWw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\p Ign-bpw. AtX-k-a-bw-Xs∂ Hmtcm kwkvIm-c-Ønt‚bpw ]cn-an-XnIsf adn-I-S-°m-\pw. Aßs\ hnhn[ P\-X-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Hcp Iq´mbva kr„n-°p-∂-Xn\pw AtX ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\p Ign-bpw. k` hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hnim-e-amb Hcp Iq´m-bva-bn-te°v \S-∂-Sp-°p-hm-\mWv I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w \tΩmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv; \sΩ hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. ""\ΩpsS A\p-`-h-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°-∏p-d-tØ°v IS∂p XnI®pw km¿Δ-{Xn-I-amb bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \mw
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
197
{]th-in-°p-∂p. ssZh-hN - \ - h - p-am-bp≈ Iq´m-bvab - n¬ {]thin-°p-tºmƒ ssZh-h-N-\w- Pohn-°p∂ k`-bpsS Iq´m-bvabn¬ \mw {]th-in-°p-∂p. Hmtcm kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-[n-Iƒ°-∏p-ds - ØØn F√m-hs - cbpw ]c-kv]cw _‘s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw H∂n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw F√m-h-scbpw ktlmZ-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-°p-∂Xpamb km¿Δ euIn-I-X-bn¬ \mw {]th-in-°p∂p F∂mWv CXn-\¿∞w.''375 ssZhØns‚ {]hrØn {]tLm-jn-°p-∂X - n\v \Ωn¬\n∂v BZyambn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]pXnb Hcp ]pd-∏m-Sm-Wv. ]cn-anXn-I-fp≈ \ΩpsS am\-Z-WvU-ßfpw k¶-ev]-ßfpw Dt]£n-®n´v {InkvXp-hns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn\p ÿe-ap-≠m-°p∂ Hcp ]pd-∏m-Sv.
ssZh-h-N-\hpw aXm¥ckwhmZhpw a-X߃ XΩn-ep≈ kwhm-Z-Øns‚ aqeyw 117. k∑-\- p≈ F√m a\p-jy-cp-am-bn, {]tXy-In®pw a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ hyXykvX aX-]-c-amb ]mc-º-cy-߃ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-h-cp-am-bn, ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kwhmZ-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw kl-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv hN\-{]-tLm-j-W-Øns‚ Hc-h-iy-L-S-I-am-sW∂v Xncp-k` Icp-Xp-∂p. aX-hn-izm-k-]-c-amb sshcp-≤y-ßsf kwtbmPn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°m-sXbpw Bt]-£n-I-kn-≤m¥w AwKoI-cn-°m-sXbpw Cu kwhmZw \S-°-Ww. c≠mw hØn°m≥ Iu¨kn-ens‚ "\ΩpsS bpKw' F∂ {]am-W-tcJ-bn¬ \¬In-bn-´p≈ am¿§-tcJ ChnsS ]n≥Xp-S-cm-hp∂-Xm-Wv. Cu \n¿t±-i-߃ ]n∂oSv am¿]m-∏-am¿ {]t_m[-\m-[n-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn®v hnI-kn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.376 C°m-eØv BtKm-f-h-XvI-cWw {ZpX-K-Xn-bn¬ \S-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v hnhn[ kwkvIm-cß - fpw aX-hn-izm-kh - p-ap≈ P\-XI - ƒ°v
198
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
IqSp-X¬ ASp-Ø-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ kml-N-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cn°p-∂p. km¿Δ-eu-InI kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ _‘-߃ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v bYm¿∞-amb aX-hn-izm-k-Øn\v Fßs\sb√mw Ignbpw F∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZh]-cn-]m-e-\-bn¬ e`n® Hc-h-k-c-ambn CXns\ ImW-Ww. an°-hmdpw aX-\n-ct- ]-£X - b - n¬ Du∂n-\n¬°p∂ \ΩpsS kaq-l-ß-fn¬ k¿Δ-i-‡\mb ssZh-amWv F√m \∑bp-sSbpw ASn-Ø-d-sb∂pw km∑m¿§n-I-aq-ey-ß-fpsS A£b t{kmX-s ∂pw km¿Δ-{XnI kmtlm-Zcyw F∂ Bi-bØ - ns‚ i‡-amb tIm´-sb∂pw Xncn-®d - n-bp∂ Hcp at\m-`mhw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-hm≥ aX-߃°v Ign-bp-Is - b∂Xv hfsc {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, blq-Z-˛ss{IkvX-h]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ F√m P\-X-I-tfmSpw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ kvt\l-Øn\v lrZb-kv]¿in-bmb km£yw ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. t\ml-bp-ambp-≠m°nb DS-º-Sn-bn¬ F√m P\-ß-sfbpw Ahn-Sp∂v Hcmt«j-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂p; CXns‚ {]Xo-I-amWv "taL-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ag-hn√v' (D-ev]. 9:13, 14, 16). {]hm-NI - ∑ - m¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv ssZhw F√m P\-XI - s - fbpw k¿Δ-hym-]-I-amb Hscm‰ IpSpw-_-ambn Hcp-an-®p-Iq-´m≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p F∂mWv (cf. G-i. 2:2ff; 42:6; 66:18-˛21; sPd. 4:2; k¶o. 47). ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘hpw F√m-hscbpw kvt\ln-°-W-sa∂ kZm-Nm-c-hn-[nbpw ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂-Xn\p≈ sXfnhv al-Ømb At\Iw aX-]m-c-º-cy-ß-fn¬ ImWm≥I-gnbpw.
ss{IkvX-hcpw ap…o-ßfpw XΩn¬ kwhmZw 118. hn-hn[ aX-ßf - psSbnS-bn¬ GI ssZhsØ Bcm[n- ° p- ∂ - h - c m- b 377 C…mw- a - X - t ØmSpw k` BZ- c hv ]pe¿Øp-∂p. Ah¿ A{_-lm-ans\ A\p-I-cn®v F√m-‰n\p-ap-]cn {]m¿∞-\b - n-eq-sSbpw ....... Zm\[¿Ω-Øn-eq-sSbpw D]-hm-k-Øn-eq-sSbpw ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂p. C…m-
hN\w temI-Øn-\p-th≠n
199
anI ]mc-ºc - y-Øn¬ ss__n-fn¬ ImWp∂ \nc-h[n IYm]p-cp-j∑ - mcpw {]Xo-Iß - fpw {]Xn-]m-Zy-ßfpw Dƒs°m≈p∂p-s≠∂v \mw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥ am¿]m∏ \S-Ønb {]b-Xv\-ßsf ]n≥Xp-S¿∂v, h¿jß-fmbn ss{IkvX-h¿°pw C…mwa-X-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw CS- b n¬ ÿm]n- X - a mb hnizm- k - ] camb _‘- ß ƒ Bflm¿∞hpw BZ-c-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb kwhm-Z-Øns‚ Acq-]n-bn¬ XpS¿∂pw hnI-kn-°p-sa∂ Fs‚ {]Xymi {]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm-≈-s´.378 Cu kwhm-Z-Øn¬ Poh-t\m-Sp≈ BZ-chv Hcp ASn-ÿm-\-aq-ey-ambn I≠v AXn-t∑¬ Bgta-dnb hnNn-¥-\-ap-≠m-I-W-sa∂v kn\Uv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. P\-ßfpsS A\ym-[o-\s - ∏-Sp-Øm-\m-ImØ Ah-Im-iß - ƒ, kv{XoIƒ°pw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw Htc-tXm-Xn-ep≈ A¥ v ˛ Cu hnj-b-ßfpw hnNn-¥-\-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-°-Ww. kmaq-ln-I-˛-cm-{„ob taJ-ebpw aX-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ taJebpw hyXy-kvX-ß-fm-sW∂ hkvXpX IW-°n-se-Sp-ØpsIm-≠v, hnhn[ aX-߃ s]mXp-\-∑bv°v Xß-fp-tS-Xmb kw`m-h\ \¬I-Ww. ss{IkvX-hcpw ap…o-ßfpw ]ckv]cw IqSp-X¬ ASp-Ø-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Aßs\ kaq-lØn-\m-hi - y-amb kam-[m-\] - c - hpw {Inbm-flI - h - p-amb klh¿ØnXzw hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw klm-b-Ihpw kap-Nn-X-hpam-Ip-tºm-sg√mw c≠p-aX - Ø - n¬s∏-´h - cpw H∂n-®p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv sa{Xm≥k-an-Xn-Iƒ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-W-sa∂v kn\Uv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p.379
a‰p-a-X-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kwhmZw 119. hnhn[ `qJ-WvU-ß-fnse aX-]-chpw Bflo-bhp-amb {]mNo-\-]m-c-º-cy-ß-tfmSv Xncp-k-`-bv°p≈ BZchv hy‡-am-°m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. hy‡n-Iƒ XΩnepw P\- X - I ƒ XΩn- e p- a p≈ ]c- k v ] c [mcW KWyambn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ aqey-߃ Cu ]mcº-cy-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p≠v.380 ]e-t∏mgpw Ah-cpsS aX-
200
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≈ aqey-ß-tfmSpw \ap°v tbmPn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, _p≤-a-X-Øn¬ ImWp∂ Poh-t\m-Sp≈ BZ-ch - v, [ym\w, au\w, emfnXyw; lnμp-a-X-Øn¬ ImWp∂ ]hn-{Xamb-Xns\ BZ-cn-°p∂ Ah-t_m-[w, XymKw, D]-hm-kw; I¨^yq-jy-\n-k-Øn¬, IpSpw-_-Øn\pw kmaq-ly-aq-ey-߃°pw \¬Ip∂ {]m[m\yw apX-em-bh. ssZh-Øns‚ AXo-{μn-bX kw_-‘n® Bflm¿∞-amb DXv°-WvT, ssZhsØ {k„m-hmbn Xncn®-dn-b¬, Poh-t\mSpw hnhm-lw, IpSpw_w Ch-tbm-Sp-ap≈ BZ-c-hv, a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ Iq´mbva kw_-‘n® i‡amb Ah-t_m[w ˛ A\y-aX ]mc-º-cy-ß-fn¬ CsX-√mw ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv Rßsf k¥p-„-cm-°p-∂p.
kwhm-Zhpw aX-kzm-X-{¥yhpw 120. CsXms° icn-bm-sW-¶nepw, Hmtcm hy‡ntbmSpw Bflm¿∞-amb BZ-chv ]pe¿Øp-∂n-s√-¶n¬, F√m-h¿°pw Ah-c-h-cpsS aX-hn-izm-k-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn°p-hm≥ kzmX-{¥y-as√-¶n¬, kwhm-Zw-sIm≠v ^e-ap-≠mIn-√. AXp-sIm-≠v, hnhn[ aX-߃ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-h¿ XΩnep≈ kl-I-cWw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-tºmgpw ""Xß-fpsS aX-hn-izmkw kzIm-cy-X-bnepw s]mXp-ÿ-eØpw G‰p-]d-bp-hm-\p≈ kzmX-{¥yhpw a\x-km£n kzmX-{¥yhpw ^e-{]-Z-am-b-co-Xn-bn¬ F√m hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw \¬tI≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw kn\Uv FSp-Øp-Im-´n.381 BZchpw kwhm-Zhpw F√m aWvU-e-ß-fnepw Ccp-`m-K-Øp\n∂pw D≠m-I-Ww. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb kzmX{¥yw kw_-‘n-®v, {]tXy-In®pw aX-kzm-X{¥yw kw_-‘n-®v, Cu ]mc-kv]cyw IqSn-tb-Xo-cq. CØcw BZ-chpw kwhm-Zhpw kam-[m-\-sØbpw P\-X-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-[m-c-Wsbbpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°pw.''382
201
D]-kw-lmcw ssZh-Øns‚ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb hN\w 121. "ssZh-h-N\w, k`-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønepw {]h¿Ø\-ßf - nepw' F∂ {]ta-bsØ Bkv]Z- a - m°n \S∂ sa{Xm∑m-cpsS kn\-Uns‚ ]{¥-≠m-aXp s]mXp-kt- Ω-f\ - Ø - nse [\y-amb ^e-߃ kam-l-cn-°p-hm\pw IqSp-X¬ ]q¿ÆX-tbmsS ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm-\p-amWv Cu hnNn-¥-\-Øn¬ Rm≥ {ian-®Xv. CXv D]-kw-l-cn-°p-tºmƒ, ssZh-h-N-\tØmSv IqSp-X¬ B`n-ap-Jy-ap-≈h - c - m-Ip-hm≥ AP-]m-eI - ¿, ka¿∏n-X¿, Aevam-b¿ XpSßn apgp-h≥ ssZh-P\ - s - Øbpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. B[nIm-cn-Ihpw kPo-h-hp-amb F√m {InkvXob B[ym-fln-IXbpw A[n-jvTn-Xa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv; k`-bn¬ {]tLm-jn-°pIbpw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw BtLm-jn-°p-Ibpw [ym\-hn-jb-am-°p-Ib - pw-sN-øs - ∏-Sp∂ ssZh-N\ - Ø - n-emWv F∂p \mw Hcn-°epw hnkvac - n-®p-IqSm. ssZh-hN - \ - hpw k`-bpsS kPoh-]m-c-º-cy-hp-a-\p-k-cn®v Cu {]]-©-sØbpw Ncn-{X-sØbpw kw_-‘n® ssZh-Øns‚ \n¿Æm-b-I-h-N-\-Øn\p ap≥]n-emWv \mw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv F∂ Ah-t_m[w \ap-°p-s≠-¶n¬; ssZh-h-N-\-tØm-Sp≈ B`n-ap-Jy-Ønep≈ Cu hf¿®-bn¬ \mw IqSp-X¬ ipjvIm-¥n-bp-≈-hcm-bn-cn°pw. AkvXn-Xz-ap-≈-h-sb√mw ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-Øn\p Iogn-emWv F∂ [ym\-Øn-te°v hnip≤ tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-tijw \sΩ \bn-°p∂p. hN\w ]nXm-hn¬\n∂pw ]pd-s∏´v \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ hkn-°p-Ibpw
202
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
XncnsI ]nXm-hn-¶-te°v aS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. X∂nepw X\n-°p-th-≠nbpw Dcp-hm-°-s∏-´-h-bmb ka-kvX-kr-jvSnI-sfbpw ]nXm-hn-¶-te°v B\-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pth≠n-bmWnXv. aW-hm-f-\mb Ahn-SpsØ bpKm-t¥ym-∑p-J-amb shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ens\ {i≤m-]q¿Δw ImØp-sIm-≠mWv k` Ct∏mƒ Ah-fpsS ZuXyw \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂Xv; Bflmhpw aW-hm-´nbpw ]d-bp∂p: ""hcnI'' (shfn. 22:17). Cu {]Xo£-bm-Is´ Hcn-°epw \njv{In-b-amb H∂√; adn®v F√m a\p-jy-scbpw kuJy-am-°p-Ibpw c£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w {]tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ t{]jn-XXo-£vW-X-bm-WXv. D∞n-X-\mb tbip C∂pw \tΩmSp ]d-bp∂p: ""temI-sa-ßpw-t]mbn F√m krjvSn-I-tfmSpw kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-hn≥'' (a¿t°m. 16:15).
]pXnb kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-Whpw ]pXnb {ihWhpw 122. ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\v ]pØ-\p-W¿thmsS Im-tXm¿°p-∂Xpw Hcp ]pXnb kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-Whpw \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bm-IWw. {InkvXob Pohn-XØn¬ ssZh-h-N-\-Øn-\p≈ tI{μ-ÿm\w hos≠-Sp-°ptºmƒ, hnizm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw AI-se-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ P\X-I-fpsS CS-bn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\hpw (missio ad gentes) \h kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-Whpw Xo{h-ambn Bcw-`n-°p-hm-\p≈, tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m- a ≥ am¿]m- ∏ - b psS i‡- a mb Blzm\w \ap°p IqSp-X¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-hm-\mIpw. kphntijw hnkva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm hym]-I-amb aX-\n-c-t]-£X-aqew kphn-ti-j-tØmSv DZm-ko-\X ]pe¿Øp-Itbm sNøp∂ cmPy-ß-fn-emWv Cu {]h¿Ø-\-߃ {]tXy-Iambn \S-t°-≠-sX∂v am¿]m∏ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp∂p. ]cnip-≤m-cq]n ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ hni∏pw Zmlhpw \Ωn-epW¿Øn kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ Xo£vW-X-bp≈ apt∂m-SnIfpw km£n-I-fp-ambn \sΩ am‰s´.
D]-kw-lmcw
203
I¿Øm-hns‚ kzcw {ihn-®t- ∏mƒ Xs‚ Pohn-XØ - ns‚ KXn Xs∂ am‰nb P\-X-I-fpsS At∏m-kvXes\ ]n≥XpS¿∂v (cf. \S-]Sn 9:1˛30), \ap°pw, C∂v, ChnsS hy‡n]-c-ambn \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚ kzcw {ihn°mw. \S-]Sn ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \mw hmbn-°p-∂-Xpt]mse, ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n, ]utem-kn-s\bpw _¿W-_m-kns\bpw ssZh-h-N\w {]tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn\pw {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂-Xn-\p-ambn {]tXyIw \ntbm-Kn-°p∂p (cf. 13:12). \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønepw t_m≤y-ap-≈-hcpw t_m≤yw \¬Im≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-cp-amb {]tLm-j-I-scbpw t{imXm-°-sfbpw AtX ]cn-ip-≤m-cq]n \nc-¥cw hnfn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p.
hN-\hpw B\-μhpw 123. ssZh-h-N-\-tØmSp IqSp-X¬ Xpd-hn-bp-≈-h-cm-Ip∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v C∂pw ssZh-Øns‚ k`-bn¬ ]¥°pkvXm alm-c-lkyw kw`-hn-°p-∂ps≠∂p Xncn-®-dnbm≥ \ap°p Ignbpw. \sΩ ]q¿Æamb kXy-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-∂X - n\pw hnip≤ enJn-Xß - f - psS A¿∞w \ap°p a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xn\pw temI-Øn¬ \sΩ c£-bpsS hN-\-Øns‚ hniz-kvX-cmb apt∂m-Sn-I-fm-°n-Øo¿°p-∂Xn\pwth≠n I¿Øm-hns‚ Bflmhv k`-bn¬ Xs‚ Zm\߃ XpS¿∂pw h¿jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. Aßs\ \mw tbml-∂ms‚ H∂mw teJ-\-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-h-cp∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ tbml-∂m-s\-t∏mse \Ωfpw Ahn-SpsØ Pohs‚ hN\w tIƒ°p-Ibpw ImWp-Ibpw kv]¿in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. \nXy-Po-hnXw shfns∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂p≈ {]Jym-]\w, ssZh-Ir-]bm¬ \Ωfpw kzoI-cn®p. Aßs\ ]c-kv]c - a - p≈ \ΩpsS kmtlm-Zcyw a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw \ap°p Ign-bp∂p. hnizm-k-Øns‚ ap{Z-b-Wn™v \ap°p ap≥t] IS-∂p-t]m-b-hcpw, temI-saßpw, hN\w {ihn°p-Ibpw Znhy-_-en-bn¬ ]¶p-tN-cpIbpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v
204
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS D]-hn°v km£yw hln-°p∂-h-sc√mw Cu kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ he-b-Øn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂p. At∏m-kvX-e-\mb tbml-∂m≥ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xpt]mse, ""\ΩpsS kt¥mjw ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠nbmWv'' (1 tbml. 1:4) Cu {]tLm-jWw \Ω-fp-ambn ]¶ph-bv°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ß-sf√mw kn\Uv ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ R߃°-\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ Ign™p: hN\w sFIyw (communion) krjvSn-°p-Ibpw kt¥m-jw (joy) {]Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. ]cn-ip-≤{- Xn-Xz-Øns‚ Pohn-X-tI-{μ-Øn¬ Dd-sh-SpØv ]p{X-\n¬ \tΩmSv Adnbn-°s∏´ ]c-a-amb Hcp kt¥m-j-am-WnXv; temI-Øn\p \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign-bmØ Ahm-Ny-amb Hcp k-t¥mjw. BtLm-j-߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw. F∂m¬ kt¥mjw e`y-am-°m-\m-I-W-sa-∂n√. hnip≤ enJn-X-a\p-kc - n®v, hN-\Ø - n-te°v {]th-in-°p-hm≥ \sΩbpw \Ωnte°v IS-∂p-h∂v \nXy-Po-hs‚ ^e-߃ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn°p-hm≥ ssZhnI hN-\-sØbpw {]m]vX-cm-°p∂ ]cn-ip≤m-cq-]n-bpsS Zm\-amWv kt¥mjw (cf. Kem. 5:22). ]cnip-≤m-flm-hns‚ i‡n-bm¬ ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w {]tLmjn-°p-I-hgn bYm¿∞ kt¥m-j-Øns‚ t{kmX- n¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v \Ωfpw B{K-ln-°p∂p. D]-cn-π-htam £Wn-Itam Bb Hcp kt¥m-j-a√; adn®v I¿Øm-hmb tbip-hn¬ am{X-amWv \nXy-Po-hs‚ hN- p-Iƒ D≈-sX∂ t_m[y-Øn¬ \n∂pw Df-hm-Ip∂ kt¥m-j-amWv CXv (cf. tbml. 6:68).
hN-\-Øns‚ amXmhpw B\-μ-Øns‚ amXmhpw 124. ssZh-am-Xm-hmb adn-b-Øn¬, ssZh-Øns‚ hN\hpw B\-μhpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu ZrV-amb _‘w {]I-Sam-Ip-∂p≠v. hnip≤ Fen-k-_-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ \ap°-\p-kvac - n°mw; ""I¿Ømhv Acp-fn-s®bvX Imcy-߃ \nd-
D]-kw-lmcw
205
th-dp-sa∂v hniz-kn-®-hƒ `mKy-hXn'' (eq°m 1:45). hnizkn-®-Xn-\m¬ adnbw `mKy-h-Xn-bmbn. temI-Øn\v \¬Iphm-\mbn ssZh-Øns‚ ]p{Xs\ Ahƒ DZ-c-Øn¬ kzoIcn-®Xpw Cu hnizm-kØ - n-emWv. hN-\Ø - n¬ \n∂p-¤h - n® Cu kt¥mjw, hnizm-k-Øn¬, ssZh-h-N-\-Øn-eqsS, Xß-sf-Øs∂ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-hn-t[-b-cm-°p∂ F√m-h-cnte°pw hym]n-°p∂p. hN-\-{i-h-Whpw kt¥m-jhpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu _‘-Øns‚ clkyw, eq°m kphn-tij-I≥ c≠n-SØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v: ""ssZh-h-N\w {ihn-°p-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂-h-cmWv Fs‚ AΩbpw ktlm-Z-ccpw'' (eq°m 8:21). P\-°q-´-Øn¬\n∂v, "Ahn-SpsØ hln® DZ-chpw, ]meq´nb ]tbm-[c - ß - fpw A\p-Kr-lo-Xß - f - m-Ip∂p' F∂p hnfn®p- ] - d ™ kv { XotbmSv , bYm¿∞ kt¥m- j - Ø ns‚ clkyw tbip shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p≠v: ""ssZh-h-N\w tI´v AXp ]men-°p-∂-h¿ IqSp-X¬ `mKy-hm-∑m¿'' (eq°m 12:28). adn-b-Øns‚ bYm¿∞-a-lØzw tbip Nq≠n-°mWn-°p-Ib - m-Wn-hnsS. hN\w {ihn-°p-Ibpw ]men-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v \ap°pw {]m]n-°m-hp∂ Hc-\p-Kr-lo-Xmh-ÿ-bm-W-sX∂v Ahn-Sp∂v FSp-Øp-]-d-bp∂p. ssZhtØm-Sp-ff hy‡n-]-chpw kaq-l-]-c-hp-amb \ΩpsS _‘w ssZh-h-N-\-tØm-Sp≈ B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ \mw hfcp-∂-Xns\ B{i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ Imcyw F√m ss{IkvX-h-scbpw A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Rm≥ B{Kln-°p∂p. Ah-km-\-ambn, k`-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬\n∂pw th¿s]-´p-t]m-b-hcpw hnizmkw Dt]-£n-®-hcpw c£-bpsS {]tLm-jWw Hcn-°epw {ihn-®n-´n-√m-Ø-hcpw Dƒs∏sS, F√m kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m-cn-te°pw Fs‚ {i≤ Xncn-bp∂p. F√m-ht- cm-Sp-ambn I¿Ømhp ]d-bp∂p: ""CXm Rm≥ hmXn-en¬ ap´p∂p. Bsc-¶nepw Fs‚ kzcw tI´v hmXn¬Xp-d∂p X∂m¬ Rm≥ Ahs‚ ASp-tØbv°p
206
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
hcpw. R߃ Hcp-an®v `£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw'' (shfn. 3:20) \ΩpsS Hmtcm Znh-k-sØbpw PohnXw, ]nXm-hns‚ amwkw-[-cn® hN-\-amb {InkvXp-hp-am-bp≈ Hcp \h-amb I≠p-ap-´-en-eqsS cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Is´. Ahn-Sp∂v Bcw-`Ønepw A¥y-Ønepw k∂n-ln-X-\mWv. ""Ah-\n¬ kakvXhpw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p'' (sImtfm. 1:17). I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w {ihn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-sb-∏‰n [ym\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-cq-]n-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-Øm¬ B hN-\-߃ \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ \ne-\n∂v Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm Znh-khpw \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ambn \n»-_vZ-Xbn¬ \ap°p ImtXm¿°mw. Cu hn[-Øn¬ \nXyw \ne\n¬°p∂ hN-\-Øm¬ (cf. 1 ]t{Xm. 1:25, Gi. 40:8), k` F√m-bvt∏mgpw \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \h-ssN-X-\yam¿÷n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Aßs\, hnip≤ enJn-X-߃ D]-kw-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kvt\tlm-jva-f-amb B kwhm-ZØn¬ \Ωfpw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn-Øocpw: ""Bflmhpw aWhm-´nbpw ]d-bp∂p: "hcnI!' CXp km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿ ]d-bp∂p: "AsX Rm≥ thKw hcp∂p, BtΩ≥, I¿Ømhmb tbipth htc-Wta!'' (shfn. 22:17˛20). Fs‚ ]m∏m ip{iq- j - b psS Bdmw h¿jw, 2010 sk]v‰w-_¿ 30-˛\v, hnip≤ sPtdm-ans‚ A\p-kva-c-Wm-Zn\-Øn¬, tdman¬ sk‚ v ]ot‰-gvkn¬h®v \¬I-s∏-´Xv.
s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m∏
207
NOTES Cf. Propositio 1. Cf. Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, Instrumentum Laboris, 27. 3 Cf. Leo XIII, Encyclical Letter Providentissimus Deus (18 November 1893): ASS 26 (1893-94), 269-292; Benedict XV, Encyclical Letter Spiritus Paraclitus (15 September 1920): AAS 12 (1920), 385-422; PIUS XII, Encyclical Letter Divino Afflante Spiritu (30 September 1943): AAS 35 (1943), 297-325. 4 Propositio 2. 5 Ibid. 6 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 2. 7 Ibid., 4 8 Noteworthy among various kinds of interventions are: Paul VI, Apostolic Letter Summi Dei Verbum (4 November 1963): AAS 55 (1963), 979-995; Motu Proprio Sedula Cura (27 June 1971): AAS 63 (1971), 665-669; John Paul II, General Audience (1 May 1985): L’Osservatore Romano, 2-3 May 1985, p. 6; Address on the Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (23 April 1993): AAS 86 (1994), 232-243; Benedict XVI, Address to the International Congress held on the Fortieth Anniversary of “Dei Verbum” (16 September 2005): AAS 97 (2005), 957; Angelus (6 November 2005): Insegnamenti I (2005), 759-760. Also worthy of mention are the interventions of the Pontifical Biblical Commission, De Sacra Scriptura et Christologia (1984): Enchiridion Vaticanum 9, Nos. 1208-1339; Unity and Diversity in the Church (11 April 1988): Enchiridion Vaticanum 11, Nos. 544-643; The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993): Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, Nos. 2846-3150; The Jewish People and their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible (24 May 2001): Enchiridion Vaticanum 20, Nos. 733-1150; The Bible and Morality. Biblical Roots of Christian Conduct (11 May 2008): Vatican City, 2008. 9 Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the Roman Curia (22 December 2008): AAS 101 (2009), 49. 10 Cf. Propositio 37. 11 Cf. Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Jewish People and their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible (24 May 2001): Enchiridion Vaticanum 20, Nos. 733-1150. 1 2
208
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
12 Benedict XVI, Address to the Roman Curia (22 December 2008): AAS 101 (2009), 50. 13 Cf. Benedict XVI, Angelus (4 January 2009): Insegnamenti V, 1 (2009), 13. 14 Cf. Relatio ante disceptationem, I. 15 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 2. 16 Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Deus Caritas Est (25 December 2005), 1: AAS 98 (2006), 217-218. 17 Instrumentum Laboris, 9. 18 Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed: DS 150. 19 Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Homilia super missus est, IV, 11: PL 183, 86B. 20 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 10. 21 Cf. Propositio 3. 22 Cf. Congregation for the doctrine of the faith, Declaration on the Unicity and Salvific Universality of Jesus Christ and of the Church Dominus Iesus (6 August 2000), 13-15: AAS 92 (2000), 754-756. 23 Cf. In Hexaemeron, XX, 5: Opera Omnia V, Quaracchi 1891, pp. 425-426; Breviloquium I, 8: Opera Omnia V, Quaracchi 1891, pp. 216217. 24 Itinerarium mentis in Deum, II, 12: Opera Omnia V, Quaracchi 1891, pp. 302-303; cf. Commentarius in librum Ecclesiastes, Cap. 1, vers. 11; Quaestiones, II, 3: Opera Omnia VI, Quaracchi 1891, p. 16. 25 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 3; cf. First Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith Dei Filius, Chap. 2, De Revelatione: DS 3004. 26 Cf. Propositio 13. 27 International Theological Commission, In Search of a Universal Ethics: A New Look at the Natural Law, Vatican City, 2009, No. 39. 28 Cf. Summa Theologiae, Ia-IIae, q. 94, a. 2. 29 Cf. Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Bible and Morality, Biblical Roots of Christian Conduct (11 May 2008), Vatican City, 2008, Nos. 13, 32, 109. 30 Cf. International Theological Commission, In Search of a Universal Ethics: A New Look at the Natural Law, Vatican City, 2009, No. 102.
NOTES
209
Cf. Benedict XVI, Homily during the Celebration of Terce at the Beginning of the First General Congregation of the Synod of Bishops (6 October 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 758-761. 32 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 14. 33 Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Deus Caritas Est (25 December 2005), 1: AAS 98 (2006), 217-218. 34 “Ho Logos pachynetai (or: brachynetai)”. Cf. Origen, Peri Archon, I, 2,8: SC 252, 127-129. 35 Benedict XVI, Homily on the Solemnity of the Birth of the Lord (24 December 2006): AAS 99 (2007), 12. 36 Cf. Final Message, II, 4-6. 37 Maximus the Confessor, Life of Mary, No. 89: Testi mariani del primo millennio, 2, Rome, 1989, p. 253. 38 Cf. Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 9-10: AAS 99 (2007), 111-112. 39 Benedict XVI, General Audience (15 April 2009): L’Osservatore Romano, 16 April 2009, p.1. 40 Id., Homily for the Solemnity of Epiphany (6 January 2009): L’Osservatore Romano, 7-8 January 2009, p. 8. 41 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 4. 42 Propositio 4. 43 Saint John of the Cross, Ascent of Mount Carmel, II, 22. 44 Propositio 47. 45 Catechism of the Catholic Church, 67. 46 Cf. Congregation for the doctrine of the Faith, The Message of Fatima (26 June 2000): Enchiridion Vaticanum 19, Nos. 974-1021. 47 Adversus Haereses, IV, 7, 4: PG 7, 992-993; V, 1, 3: PG 7, 1123; V, 6, 1: PG 7, 1137; V, 28, 4: PG 7, 1200. 48 Cf. Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 12: AAS 99 (2007), 113-114. 49 Cf. Propositio 5. 50 Adversus Haereses, III, 24, 1: PG 7, 966. 51 Homiliae in Genesim, XXII, 1: PG 53, 175. 52 Epistula 120, 10: CSEL 55, 500-506. 53 Homiliae in Ezechielem, I, VII, 17: CC 142, p. 94. 31
210
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
54 “Oculi ergo devotae animae sunt columbarum quia sensus eius per Spiritum sanctum sunt illuminati et edocti, spiritualia sapientes. Nunc quidem aperitur animae talis sensus, ut intellegat Scripturas”: Richard of Saint Victor, Explicatio in Cantica Canticorum, 15: PL 196, 450B and D. 55 Sacramentarium Serapionis II (XX): Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum, ed F.X. Funk, II, Paderborn, 1906, p. 161. 56 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 7. 57 Ibid., 8. 58 Ibid. 59 Cf. Propositio 3. 60 Cf. Final Message II, 5. 61 Expositio Evangelii secundum Lucam, 6, 33: PL 15, 1677. 62 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 13. 63 Catechism of the Catholic Church, 102; Cf. also Rupert of Deutz, De Operibus Spiritus Sancti, I, 6: SC 131:72-74. 64 Enarrationes in Psalmos, 103, IV, 1: PL 37, 1378. Similar statements in ORIGEN, In Iohannem V, 5-6: SC 120, pp. 380-384. 65 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 21. 66 Ibid., 9. 67 Cf. Propositiones 5 and 12. 68 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 12. 69 Cf. Propositio 12. 70 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 11. 71 Propositio 4. 72 Prol: Opera Omnia V, Quaracchi 1891, pp. 201-202. 73 Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to Representatives of the World of Culture at the “Collège des Bernardins” in Paris (12 September 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 721-730. 74 Cf. Propositio 4. 75 Cf. Relatio post disceptationem, 12. 76 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 5.
NOTES
211
Propositio 4. For example: Dt 28:1-2,15,45; 32:1; among the prophets, see: Jer 7:22-28; Ez 2:8; 3:10; 6:3; 13:2; up to the latest: cf. Zech 3:8. For Saint Paul, cf. Rom 10:14-18; 1 Th 2:13. 79 Propositio 55. 80 Cf. Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 33: AAS 99 (2007), 132-133. 81 Id., Encyclical Letter Deus Caritas Est (25 December 2005), 41: AAS 98 (2006), 251. 82 Propositio 55. 83 Cf. Expositio Evangelii secundum Lucam, 2, 19: PL 15, 1559-1560. 84 Breviloquium, Prol.: Opera Omnia, V, Quaracchi 1891, pp. 201-202. 85 Summa Theologiae, Ia-IIae, q. 106, art. 2. 86 Pontifical biblical commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993), III, A, 3: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 3035. 87 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 12. 88 Contra epistulam Manichaei quam vocant fundamenti, V, 6: PL 42, 176. 89 Cf. BenedictXVI, General Audience (14 November 2007): Insegnamenti III 2 (2007), 586-591. 90 Commentariorum in Isaiam libri, Prol.: PL 24, 17. 91 Epistula 52:7: CSEL 54, p. 426. 92 Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993), II, A, 2: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 2988. 93 Ibid., II, A, 2: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 2991. 94 Homiliae in Ezechielem I, VII, 8: PL 76, 843D. 95 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 24; cf. Leo XIII, Encyclical Letter Providentissimus Deus (18 November 1893), Pars II, sub fine: ASS 26 (1893-94), 269-292; BenedictXV, Encyclical Letter Spiritus Paraclitus (15 September 1920), Pars III: AAS 12 (1920), 385-422. 96 Cf. Propositio 26. 97 Cf. Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993), A-B: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, Nos. 28463150. 98 Benedict XVI, Intervention in the Fourteenth General Congregation of the Synod (14 October 2008): Insegnamenti IV, 2 (2008), 492; cf. Propositio 25. 77 78
212
I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w
99 Id., Address to Representatives of the World of Culture at the “Collège des Bernardins” in Paris (12 September 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 722-723. 100 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 10. 101 Cf. John Paul II, Address for the Celebration of the Centenary of the Encyclical Providentissimus Deus and the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Encyclical Divino Afflante Spiritu (23 April 1993): AAS 86 (1994), 232243. 102 Ibid., 4: AAS 86 (1994), 235. 103 Ibid., 5: AAS 86 (1994), 235. 104 Ibid., 5: AAS 86 (1994), 236. 105 Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993), III, C, 1: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 3065. 106 No. 12. 107 Benedict XVI, Intervention at the Fourteenth General Congregation of the Synod (14 October 2008): Insegnamenti IV, 2 (2008), 493; cf. Propositio 25. 108 Cf. Propositio 26. 109 Propositio 27. 110 Benedict XVI, Intervention at the Fourteenth General Congregation of the Synod (14 October 2008): Insegnamenti IV, 2 (2008), 493; cf. Propositio 26. 111 Cf. ibid. 112 Ibid. 113 Cf. Propositio 27. 114 Benedict XVI, Intervention at the Fourteenth General Congregation of the Synod (14 October 2008): Insegnamenti IV, 2 (2008), 493-494. 115 John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio (14 September 1998), 55: AAS 91 (1999), 49-50. 116 Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the Fourth National Ecclesial Congress in Italy (19 October 2006): AAS 98 (2006), 804-815. 117 Cf. Propositio 6. 118 Cf. Saint Augustine, De libero arbitrio, III, XXI, 59: PL 32, 1300; De Trinitate, II, I, 2: PL 42, 845. 119 Congregation for Catholic Education, Instruction Inspectis Dierum (10 November 1989), 26: AAS 82 (1990), 618. 120 Catechism of the Catholic Church, 116. 121 Summa Theologiae, I, q. 1, art. 10, ad 1.
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Catechism of the Catholic Church, 118. Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993), II, A, 2: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 2987. 124 Ibid., II, B, 2: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 3003. 125 Benedict XVI, Address to Representatives of the World of Culture at the “Collège des Bernardins” in Paris (12 September 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 726. 126 Ibid. 127 Cf. Id., General Audience (9 January 2008): Insegnamenti IV, 1 (2008), 41-45. 128 Cf. Propositio 29. 129 De Arca Noe, 2, 8: PL 176, 642C-D. 130 Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to Representatives of the World of Culture at the “Collège des Bernardins” in Paris (12 September 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 725. 131 Cf. Propositio 10; Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Jewish People and their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible (24 May 2001): Enchiridion Vaticanum 20, Nos. 748-755. 132 Cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 121-122. 133 Propositio 52. 134 Cf. Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Jewish People and their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible (24 May 2001), 19: Enchiridion Vaticanum 20, Nos. 799-801; Origen, Homily on Numbers 9, 4: SC 415, 238-242. 135 Catechism of the Catholic Church, 128. 136 Ibid., 129. 137 Propositio 52. 138 Quaestiones in Heptateuchum, 2, 73: PL 34, 623. 139 Homiliae in Ezechielem I, VI, 15: PL 76, 836B. 140 Propositio 29. 141 John paul II, Message to the Chief Rabbi of Rome (22 May 2004): Insegnamenti XXVII, 1 (2004), p. 655. 142 Cf. Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Jewish People and their Sacred Scriptures in the Christian Bible (24 May 2001), 87: Enchiridion Vaticanum 20, No. 1150. 143 Cf. Benedict XVI, Farewell Discourse at Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv (15 May 2009): Insegnamenti, V, 1 (2009), 847-849. 144 John Paul II, Address to the Chief Rabbis of Israel (23 March 2000): Insegnamenti XXIII, 1 (2000), 434. 122 123
214
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Cf. Propositiones 46 and 47. Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993), I, F: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 2974. 147 Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to Representatives of the World of Culture at the “Collège des Bernardins” in Paris (12 September 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 726. 148 Propositio 46. 149 Propositio 28. 150 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 23. 151 It should be recalled, however, that with regard to the so-called deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament and their inspiration, Catholics and Orthodox do not have exactly the same biblical canon as Anglicans and Protestants. 152 Cf.Relatio post disceptationem, 36. 153 Propositio 36. 154 Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the Eleventh Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops (25 January 2007): AAS 99 (2007), 85-86. 155 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Decree on Ecumenism Unitatis Redintegratio, 21. 156 Cf. Propositio 36. 157 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 10. 158 Encyclical Letter Ut Unum Sint (25 May 1995), 44: AAS 87 (1995), 947. 159 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 10. 160 Ibid. 161 Cf. ibid., 24. 162 Cf. Propositio 22. 163 Saint Gregory the Great,Moralia in Job XXIV, VIII, 16: PL 76, 295. 164 Cf. Saint Athanasius,Vita Antonii, II: PL 73:127. 165 Moralia, Regula LXXX, XXII: PG 31, 867. 166 Rule, 73, 3: SC 182, 672. 167 Thomas of Celano,First Life of Saint Francis, IX, 22: FF 356. 145 146
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Rule, I, 1-2: FF 2750. Blessed Jordan of Saxony, Libellus de principiis Ordinis Praedicatorum, 104; Monumenta Fratrum Praedicatorum Historica, Rome, 1935, 16, p. 75. 170 Order of Friars Preacher, First Constitutions or Consuetudines, II, XXXI. 171 Vita, 40, 1. 172 Cf. Story of a Soul, Ms B, 254. 173 Ibid., Ms C, 35v. 174 In Iohannis Evangelium Tractatus, I, 12: PL 35, 1385. 175 Encyclical Letter Veritatis Splendor (6 August 1993), 25: AAS 85 (1993), 1153. 176 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 8. 177 Relatio post disceptationem, 11. 178 No. 1. 179 BenedictXVI, Address to the International Congress “Sacred Scripture in the Life of the Church� (16 September 2005): AAS 97 (2005), 956. 180 Cf. Relatio post disceptationem, 10. 181 Final Message, III, 6. 182 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 24. 183 Ibid., 7. 184 Ordo Lectionum Missae, 4. 185 Ibid, 9. 186 Ibid., 3; cf. Lk 4:16-21; 24:25-35, 44-49. 187 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 102. 188 Cf. Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 44-45: AAS 99 (2007) 139141. 189 Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993) IV, C, 1: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 3123. 190 Ibid., III, B, 3: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 3056. 191 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 48, 51, 56; Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 21, 26; Decree on the Missionary Activity of the Church Ad Gentes, 6, 15; Decree on the Ministry and Life of Priests Presbyterorum Ordinis, 18; Decree on the Renewal of the 168 169
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Religious Life Perfectae Caritatis, 6. In the Church’s great Tradition we find significant expressions such as “Corpus Christi intelligitur etiam […] Scriptura Dei” (“God’s Scripture is also understood as the Body of Christ”): Waltramus, De Unitate Ecclesiae Conservanda, 1, 14, ed. W. Schwenkenbecher, Hanoverae, 1883, p. 33; “The flesh of the Lord is true food and his blood true drink; this is the true good that is reserved for us in this present life, to nourish ourselves with his flesh and drink his blood, not only in the Eucharist but also in reading sacred Scripture. Indeed, true food and true drink is the word of God which we derive from the Scriptures”: Saint Jerome, Commentarius in Ecclesiasten, III: PL 23, 1092A. 192 J. Ratzinger (Benedict XVI), Jesus of Nazareth, New York, 2007, 268. 193 Ordo Lectionum Missae, 10. 194 Ibid. 195 Cf. Propositio 7. 196 Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio (14 September 1998), 13: AAS 91 (1999), 16. 197 Cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1373-1374. 198 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 7. 199 In Psalmum 147: CCL 78, 337-338. 200 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 2. 201 Cf. Constitution on Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 107108. 202 Ordo Lectionum Missae, 66. 203 Propositio 16. 204 Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 45: AAS 99 (2007), 140-141. 205 Cf. Propositio 14. 206 Cf. Code of Canon Law, cc. 230 §2; 204 §1. 207 Ordo Lectionum Missae, 55 208 Ibid., 8. 209 No. 46: AAS 99 (2007), 141. 210 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 25. 211 Propositio 15.
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Ibid. Sermo 179, 1: PL 38, 966. 214 Cf. Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 93: AAS 99 (2007), 177. 215 Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Compendium Eucharisticum (25 March 2009), Vatican City, 2009. 216 Epistula 52, 7: CSEL 54, 426-427. 217 Propositio 8. 218 The Rite of Penance, 17. 219 Ibid., 19. 220 Propositio 8. 221 Propositio 19. 222 Principles and Norms for the Liturgy of the Hours, III, 15. 223 Constitution on Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 85. 224 Cf. Code of Canon Law, cc. 276 § 3, 1174 § 1. 225 Cf. Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, cc. 377; 473 § 1 and 2, 1°; 538 § 1; 881 § 1. 226 Book of Blessings, Introduction, 21. 227 Cf. Propositio 18; Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on Sacred the Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 35. 228 Cf. Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 745: AAS 99 (2007), 162163. 229 Ibid. 230 Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Directory of Popular Piety and the Liturgy, Principles and Guidelines (17 December 2001), 87: Enchiridion Vaticanum 20, No. 2461. 231 Cf. Propositio 14. 232 Cf. Saint Ignatius of Antioch, Ad Ephesios, XV, 2: Patres Apostolici, ed. F.X. Funk, Tubingae, 1901, I, 224. 233 Saint Augustine, Sermo 288, 5: PL 38, 1307; Sermo 120, 2: PL 38, 677. 234 General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 56 235 Ibid., 45; cf.Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 30. 236 Ordo Lectionum Missae, 13. 237 Cf. ibid., 17. 212 213
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Propositio 40. Cf . General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 309. 240 Cf. Propositio 14. 241 Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 69: AAS 99 (2007), 157. 242 Cf. General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 57. 243 Propositio 14. 244 Cf. Canon 36 of the Synod of Hippo, in the year 399: DS 186. 245 Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Vicesimus Quintus Annus (4 December 1988), 13: AAS 81 (1989) 910; Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, InstructionRedemptionis Sacramentum (25 March 2004), 62: Enchiridion Vaticanum 22, No. 2248. 246 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium, 116; General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 41. 247 Cf. Propositio 14. 248 Propositio 9. 249 Epistula 30, 7: CSEL 54, p. 246. 250 Id., Epistula 133, 13: CSEL 56, p. 260. 251 Id., Epistula 107, 9, 12: CSEL 55, pp. 300, 302. 252 Id., Epistula 52, 7: CSEL 54, p. 426. 253 John PaulII, Apostolic Letter Novo Millennio Ineunte (6 January 2001), 31: AAS 93 (2001), 287-288. 254 Propositio 30; cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 24. 255 Saint Jerome, Commentariorum in Isaiam libri, Prol.: PL 24, 17B. 256 Propositio 21. 257 Cf. Propositio 23. 258 Cf. Congregation for the Clergy, General Catechetical Directory (15 August 1997), 94-96; Enchiridion Vaticanum, 16, Nos. 875-878; John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi Tradendae (16 October 1979), 27: AAS 71 (1979), 1298-1299. 259 Ibid., 127: Enchiridion Vaticanum 16, No. 935; cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi Tradendae (16 October 1979), 27: AAS 71 (1979), 1299. 260 Ibid., 128: Enchiridion Vaticanum 16, No. 936. 261 Cf. Propositio 33. 238 239
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Cf. Propositio 45. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 39-42. 264 Propositio 31. 265 No. 15: AAS 96 (2004), 846-847. 266 No. 26: AAS 84 (1992), 698. 267 Ibid. 268 Benedict XVI, Homily at the Chrism Mass (9 April 2009): AAS 101 (2009), 355. 269 Ibid., 356. 270 Congregation for Catholic Education, Fundamental Norms for the Formation of Permanent Deacons (22 February 1998), 11: Enchiridion Vaticanum 17, Nos. 174-175. 271 Ibid., 74: Enchiridion Vaticanum 17, No. 263. 272 Ibid., 81: Enchiridion Vaticanum 17, No. 271. 273 Propositio 32. 274 Cf. John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Pastores Dabo Vobis (25 March 1992), 47: AAS 84 (1992), 740-742. 275 Propositio 24. 276 Benedict XVI, Homily for the World Day of Consecrated Life (2 February 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 133; cf. John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Vita Consecrata (25 March 1996), 82: AAS 88 (1996), 458-460. 277 Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and for Societies of Apostolic Life, Instruction Starting Afresh from Christ: A Renewed Commitment to Consecrated Life in the Third Millennium (19 May 2002), 24: Enchiridion Vaticanum 21, No. 447. 278 Cf. Propositio 24. 279 Saint Benedict, Rule, IV, 21: SC 181, 456-458. 280 Benedict XVI, Address at Heiligenkreuz Abbey (9 September 2007): AAS 99 (2007), 856. 281 Cf. Propositio 30. 282 John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Christifideles Laici (30 December 1988), 17: AAS 81 (1989), 418. 283 Cf. Propositio 33. 284 John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris Consortio (22 November 1981), 49: AAS 74 (1982), 140-141. 262 263
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Propositio 20. Cf. Propositio 21. 287 Propositio 20. 288 Cf. Apostolic Letter Mulieris Dignitatem (15 August 1988), 31: AAS 80 (1988), 1727-1729. 289 Propositio 17. 290 Propositiones 9 and 22. 291 No. 25. 292 Enarrationes in Psalmos, 85, 7: PL 37, 1086. 293 Origen, Epistola ad Gregorium, 3: PG 11, 92. 294 Benedict XVI, Address to the Students of the Roman Major Seminary (19 February 2007): AAS 99 (2007), 253-254. 295 Cf. Id., Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 66; AAS 99 (2007), 155-156. 296 Final Message, III, 9. 297 Ibid. 298 “Plenaria indulgentia conceditur christifideli qui Sacram Scripturam, iuxta textum a competenti auctoritate adprobatum, cum veneratione divino eloquio debita et ad modum lectionis spiritalis, per dimidiam saltem horam legerit; si per minus tempus id egerit indulgentia erit partialis”: apostolic penitentiary, Enchiridion Indulgentiarum. Normae et Concessiones (16 July 1999), 30, §1. 299 Cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1471-1479. 300 Paul VI, Apostolic Constitution Indulgentiarum Doctrina (1 January 1967): AAS 59 (1967), 18-19. 301 Cf. Epistula 49, 3: PL 16, 1204A. 302 Cf. Propositio 55. 303 Cf. Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy. Principles and Orientations (17 December 2001), 197-202: Enchiridion Vaticanum 20, Nos. 2638-2643. 304 Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae (16 October 2002): AAS 95 (2003), 5-36. 305 Propositio 55. 306 Cf. Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy. Principles and Orientations (17 December 2001), 207: Enchiridion Vaticanum 20, Nos. 2656-2657. 307 Cf. Propositio 51. 285 286
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Benedict XVI, Homily at Mass in the Valley of Josaphat, Jerusalem (12 May 2009): AAS 101 (2009), 473. 309 Cf. Epistola 108, 14: CSEL 55, pp. 324-325. 310 Adversus Haereses, IV, 20, 7: PG 7, 1037. 311 BenedictXVI, Encyclical Letter Spe Salvi (30 November 2007), 31: AAS 99 (2007), 1010. 312 Benedict XVI, Address to Representatives of the World of Culture at the “Collège des Bernardins” in Paris (12 September 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 730. 313 Cf. In Evangelium secundum Matthaeum 17:7: PG 13, 1197B; Saint Jerome, Translatio homiliarum Origenis in Lucam, 36: PL 26, 324-325. 314 Cf. Benedict XVI, Homily for the Opening of the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops (5 October 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 757. 315 Propositio 38. 316 Cf. Congregation for Institutes of consecrated life and for societies of apostolic life, Instruction Starting Afresh from Christ: A Renewed Commitment to Consecrated Life in the Third Millennium (19 May 2002), 36: Enchiridion Vaticanum 21, Nos. 488-491. 317 Propositio 30. 318 Cf. Propositio 38. 319 Cf. Propositio 49. 320 Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Redemptoris Missio (7 December 1990): AAS 83 (1991), 294-340; Apostolic Letter Novo Millennio Ineunte (6 January 2001), 40: AAS 93 (2001), 294-295. 321 Propositio 38. 322 Cf.Benedict XVI, Homily for the Opening of the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops (5 October 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 753-757. 323 Propositio 38. 324 Final Message, IV, 12. 325 Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Nuntiandi (8 December 1975), 22: AAS 68 (1976), 20. 326 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on Religious Freedom Dignitatis Humanae, 2 and 7. 327 Cf. Propositio 39. 328 Cf. Benedict XVI, Message for the 2009 World Day of Peace (8 December 2008): Insegnamenti IV, 2 (2008), 792-802. 308
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329 Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Nuntiandi (8 December 1975), 19: AAS 68 (1976), 18. 330 Cf. Propositio 39. 331 John XXIII, Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris (11 April 1963), 1: AAS 55 (1963), 259. 332 John Paul II, Encyclical letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 47: AAS 83 (1991), 851-852; Address to the General Assembly of the United Nations (2 October 1979), 13: AAS 71 (1979), 1152-1153. 333 Cf. Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, 152-159. 334 Cf. Benedict XVI, Message for the 2007 World Day of Peace (8 December 2006), 10: Insegnamenti II, 2 (2006), 780. 335 Cf. Propositio 8. 336 Benedict XVI, Homily (25 January 2009): Insegnamenti V, 1 (2009), 141. 337 Id., Homily at the Conclusion of the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops (26 October 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 779. 338 Propositio 11. 339 Benedict XVI, Encyclical letter Deus Caritas Est (25 December 2005), 28: AAS 98 (2006), 240. 340 De Doctrina Christiana, I, 35, 39 – 36, 40: PL 34, 34. 341 Cf. Benedict XVI, Message for the Twenty-first World Youth Day (22 February 2006): AAS 98 (2006), 282-286. 342 Cf. Propositio 34. 343 Cf. ibid. 344 Homily (24 April 2005): AAS 97 (2005), 712. 345 Cf. Propositio 38. 346 Benedict XVI, Homily for the Seventeenth World Day of the Sick (11 February 2009): Insegnamenti V, 1 (2009), 232. 347 Cf. Propositio 35. 348 Propositio 11. 349 Cf. Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Deus Caritas Est (25 December 2005), 25: AAS 98 (2006), 236-237. 350 Propositio 11. 351 Benedict XVI, Homily (1 January 2009): Insegnamenti V, 1 (2009), 236-237. 352 Propositio 54.
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353 Cf. Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 92: AAS 99 (2007), 176-177. 354 John Paul II, Address to UNESCO (2 June 1980), 6: AAS 72 (1980), 738. 355 Cf. Propositio 41. 356 Cf. ibid. 357 John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio (14 September 1998), 80: AAS 91 (1999), 67-68. 358 Cf. Lineamenta 23. 359 Cf. Propositio 40. 360 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Decree on the Instruments of Social Communication Inter Mirifica; pontifical council for social communications, Pastoral Instruction Communio et Progressio (23 May 1971): AAS 63 (1971), 596-656; John Paul II, Apostolic Letter The Rapid Development (24 January 2005): AAS 97 (2005) 265-274; pontifical council for social communications, Pastoral Instruction Aetatis novae (22 February 1992): AAS 84 (1992), 447-468; The Church and Internet (22 February 2002): Enchiridion Vaticanum 21, Nos. 66-95; Ethics in Internet (22 February 2002): Enchiridion Vaticanum 21, Nos. 96127. 361 Cf. Final Message, IV, 11; Benedict XVI, Message for the 2009 World Day of Social Communications (24 January 2009): Insegnamenti V, 1 (2009), 123-127. 362 Cf. Propositio 44. 363 John Paul II, Message for the XXXVI World Communications Day (24 January 2002): Insegnamenti XXV, 1 (2002), 94-95. 364 Cf. Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Nuntiandi (8 December 1975), 20: AAS 68 (1976), 18-19. 365 Cf. Benedict XVI, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (22 February 2007), 78: AAS 99 (2007), 165. 366 Cf. Propositio 48. 367 Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993), IV, B: Enchiridion Vaticanum, 13, No. 3112. 368 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Decree on the Church’s Missionary Activity Ad Gentes, 22; Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993), IV, B: Enchiridion Vaticanum, 13, Nos. 3111-3117. 369 John Paul II, Address to the Bishops of Kenya (7 May 1980), 6: AAS 72 (1980), 497.
224
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Cf. Instrumentum Laboris, 56. Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (15 April 1993), IV, B: Enchiridion Vaticanum 13, No. 3113. 372 Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, 22. 373 Cf. Propositio 42. 374 Cf. Propositio 43. 375 Benedict XVI, Homily during the Celebration of Terce at the beginning of the First General Congregation of the Synod of Bishops (6 October 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 760. 376 Among numerous interventions of various genres, see: John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Dominum et Vivificantem (18 May 1986): AAS 78 (1986), 809-900; Encyclical Letter Redemptoris Missio (7 December 1990): AAS 83 (1991), 249-340; Addresses and Homilies in Assisi for the 27 October 1986 Day of Prayer for Peace: Insegnamenti IX, 2 (1986), 12491273; Day of Prayer for World Peace (24 January 2002): Insegnamenti XXV, 1 (2002), 97-108; Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration Dominus Iesus on the Unicity and Salvific Universality of Jesus Christ and of the Church (6 August 2000): AAS 92 (2000), 742765. 377 Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions Nostra Aetate, 3. 378 Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to Ambassadors of Predominantly Muslim Countries Accredited to the Holy See (25 September 2006): AAS 98 (2006), 704-706. 379 Cf. Propositio 53. 380 Cf. Propositio 50. 381 Ibid.. 382 John Paul II, Address at the Meeting with Young Muslims in Casablanca, Morocco (19 August 1985), 5: AAS 78 (1986), 99. 370 371