Leonardo Da Vinci by EDUVISIÓN

DEX

architecture, 20–21

Baptism of Christ, 13

Caterina da Vinci, 10 Christianity, 17

flying machines, 8, 19 Francesco da Vinci, 10 Francis I, 25

Gherardini, Lisa, 22 Gioconda, La, 22

Last Supper, The, 7, 16, 17

Leonardo da Vinci artist’s beginning, 12–17 being left-handed, 20 early life, 9–11 final years, 25–27 as inventor, 8, 18–19 and Mona Lisa, 7, 22–24 notebooks, 8, 18–21, 27 overview, 4–8 Louvre, the, 24

painters’ guild, 14 printing press, 6

mirror writing, 20 Mona Lisa, 7, 22–24

Verrocchio, Andrea del, 12–14

Renaissance, 5–6 “Renaissance man,” 7 Saint-Florentin church, 26–27 sculptures, 4, 6, 13, 15 Ser Piero da Vinci, 10, 12 Sforza, Ludovico, 14, 15

Published in 2015 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010 Copyright © 2015 The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., and Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.

OSSARY

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Edition DESIGNFirstTo make something according to plan. Educational Publishing DETAIL Britannica A small part of something larger. J. E. Luebering: Director, Core Reference Group Rose McCudden: Editor, Britannica DEVICESMaryObjects, machines, or Student toolsEncyclopedia made for a special purpose or to do a job. Publishing DUKE ARosen man of high rank in the highest class of society; dukes tend to have Hope Lourie Killcoyne: Executive Editor great riches andEditor power. Tracey Baptiste: Nelson Sá: Art Director NVENTOR A person Brian Garvey: Designer who creates or makes new things. Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager LIFETIME life of a person, from birth to death. KarenThe Huang:whole Photo Researcher MODEL A pattern of something to be made; a model may be made of a larger Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data piece of artwork so that the artist can plan his or her work; also, a small copy Ciovacco, Justine. of an object on Ciovacco.—First a sketch or design. Leonardo dabased Vinci/Justine Edition. pages cm.—(Britannica beginner bios) MONKSIncludes Men who live andand work bibliographical references index. in a religious community. ISBN 978-1-6227-5680-3 (eBook) PROFESSIONAL Someone who is literature. paid for his or her work. 1. Leonardo, da Vinci, 1452–1519—Juvenile 2. Artists—Italy—Biography—Juvenile literature. 3. Scientists—Italy—Biography— literature. I. Title. STUDIOJuvenile A building N6923.L33C52 2014 or room where an artist works. 709.2—dc23 TALENTED Naturally able to do something well. [B] 2014013945

Cover © iStockphoto.com/sedmak; p. 1, interior pages © iStockphoto.com/Janka Dharmasena; p. 4 DEA/D. Dagli Orti/De Agostini/Getty Images; p. 5 Print Collector/Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images; p. 7 Raphael Gaillarde/Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images; p. 8 Science & Society Picture Library/Getty Images; p. 9 Hemis.fr/SuperStock; p. 10 DEA/G. Dagli Orti/De Agostini/Getty Images; p. 11 De Agostini/ Getty Images; p. 12 Leemage/Universal Images Group/Getty Images; p. 13 Heritage Images/Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images; p. 15 Print Collector/Hulton Archive/Getty Images; p. 16 Culture Club/Hulton Archive/Getty Images; pp. 18, 19 The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images; p. 20 Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (file no. LC-USZ62-110330); p. 23 Universal Images Group/Getty Images; p. 24 John MacDougall/AFP/Getty Images; p. 26 DEA/A. Dagli Orti/De Agostini/Getty Images; p. 27 (top) Gjon Mili/The Life Picture Collection/Getty Images; p. 27 (bottom) Press Association/AP Images.

CONTENTS Chapter 1 BOOKS

FOR MORE INFORMATI

WHO WAS LEONARDO DA VINCI?

Barretta, Gene. Neo Leo: The Ageless Ideas of Leonardo da Vinci. New York, NY: Chapter 2 Henry Holt and Co., 2009.

EARLY LIFE 9 Langley, Andrew. DK Eyewitness Books: Da Vinci and His Times. New York, NY:

Chapter DK3Eyewitness Books, 2006.

AN ARTIST’S BEGINNING 12the Renaissance. Phillips, John. Leonardo da Vinci: The Genius Who Defined

Washington, DC: National Geographic Kids, 2008. Chapter 4 Wood, Alix. Artists Through the Ages: Leonardo da Vinci. LEONARDO’S NOTEBOOKS 18New York, NY: Windmill Books, 2013. Chapter 5 THE WEBSITES MONA LISA 22 Because Chapter 6 of the changing nature of Internet links, Rosen Publishing has developed an online list of websites related to the subject of this book. This site is updated LEONARDO’S FINAL 25 regularly. Please use this linkYEARS to access the list: http://www.rosenlinks.com/BBB/Vinci

Timeline Glossary For More Information Index

28 30 31 32

LEONARDO DA VINCI: GENIUS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

CHAPTER ONE

MELINE

WHO WAS LEONARDO DA VINCI?

1452: Leonardo is born on April 15 in Anchiano, near Vinci, in what is now Italy.

1473: Leonardo makes his first known drawing, Landscape Drawing of the Arno Valley.

about 1470–75: Leonardo paints The Annunciation and helps Verrocchio paint the Baptism of Christ.

about 1474–78: Leonardoany paintspeople a portraitcan of Ginevra de’ Benci.

1481: Leonardo begins painting Adoration of the Magi. It is unfinished. do one thing

1482: Leonardo well. leaves Florence work in Milan Sometopeople canfor Duke Ludovico Sforza.

1483: Leonardo begins painting Virgin of the Rocks along with two younger artists.

do many things well. Leonardo da Vinci was 1490: Leonardo designs sets and costumes for Il Paradiso (also called The Feast of person was good Paradise), a a play put on atwho the wedding feast of the duke’s nephew. 1491: Leonardo at designs clothing for the duke’s wedding. many things. He was 1498: Leonardoafinishes The Last Supper.who talented artist about 1499: Leonardo draws a life-size sketch called Virgin and Child with St. Anne created paintings, drawand the Young St. John the Baptist. ings, sculptures. He 1502–16: Leonardo worksand on Virgin and Child with St. Anne, but it remains unfinished. was also a great mind in the field of science. Leonardo da Vinci is one of the

1489–90: Leonardo paints Lady with an Ermine.

world’s most famous artists.

WHO WAS LEONARDO DA VINCI?

Leonardo lived in Italy in the 1400s TIMELINE during a period of time called the about 1503–06: In Florence, Leonardo paints the Mona Lisa. Renaissance. The 1506–08: Leonardo paints a second version of Virgin of the Rocks. word Renaissance about 1510: Leonardo draws his self-portrait in red chalk. means “rebirth” in 1516: Leonardo moves to Cloux (now Clos-Lucé), France, to work for King Francis I. French. It wasHecalled paints his final painting, a portrait of Saint John the Baptist. 1519:there Leonardo dies on May 2 at age 67. He leaves his notebooks and paintings to his this because was friend and student, Francesco Melzi. a rebirth of interest in ancient Greece and Rome. The Europeans of the Renaissance took the ideas of the ancient people and Leonardo’s painting of John the Baptist now built on these ideas to develop their own. hangs in the Louvre museum in Paris. The work of artists became more true to 5

LEONARDO DALEONARDO VINCI: GENIUS DA OF VINCI: THE ITALIAN GENIUS RENAISSANCE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

spent muchlife. of his They time designed in France beautiful editing his buildings. writings.They For made the king, hecolorful drew plans paintings. for a palace Theyand carved garden. sculptures He alsoof impormade sketches tantfor people. court Artists, festivals.scientists, Otherwise, and theinventors king left were him alone and encouraged treated him in their as anwork. honored It was guest. a time when new ideas Leonardo died in Cloux on May 2, had 1519. a chance He was to grow. buried inVocabulary the palace church TheThe Renaissance was Box of Saint-Florentin. also a time when people SCULPTURES are pieces began to invent machines of art usually made by that changed the carving clay, metal, or way people lived and stone. worked. For example, the printing press was a new machine that made it easier to print books. Leonardo stood out as one of Italyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s greatest Quick Fact artists of the RenaisOther famous artists of sance period. His style of This painting by another artist shows a sick the Renaissance period painting unlike anyI. Leonardo in bed speakingwas with King Francis are Michelangelo and other artist. Today, his Raphael. 6

WHO WAS LEONARDO LEONARDO’S DA VINCI? FINAL YEARS

This is a drawing of the human body from one of Leonardo’s notebooks.

church was torn down in the early 1800s. Leonardo’s grave can no longer be found. His paintings and notebooks are still studied and enjoyed by millions of people around The Mona Lisa always attracts a big crowd of visitors to the Louvre. the world.

Quick Fact works the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper are two of the A museum in Flo world’s most famous paintings. has models of so But Leonardo was much more than just a painter. of the machines He studied many different subjects and was talented Leonardo sketch in all of them. Today, someone like that is knownhis as notebooks. a Renaissance man. Leonardo watched humans and animalsAand made drawings to show how they moved. leather-covered book of Leonardo’s sketches is pictured. It holds 600 drawings of the human body, including one of his most famous (above).

LEONARDO DALEONARDO VINCI: GENIUS DA OF VINCI: THE ITALIAN GENIUS RENAISSANCE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

He was an inventor, too. He loved to draw and build things. Leonardo thought about all kinds of new machines. He drew plans for a flying machine more than 400 years before the first Leonardoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lady with an Ermine was painted airplane was built. He in about 1490. recorded his ideas in many notebooks. thousands of visitors to the Today, those noteuick Fact Leonardo made sketches and notes in year. The paintLouvre every books and his artwork before creating artwork. he Monanotebooks Lisa is now ing was stolen once, buthis it great talent. In show n display in the was recovered twomodern years later. times, people ouvre, a museum in It is now displayedhave behind built machines aris, France. protective glass. His plans were so good using the designs in his notebooks. that some of the machines actually work! 8

CHAPTER TITLECHAPTER TITLE

CHAPTERCHAPTER TWO SIX

EARLY LEONARDO’S LIFE FINAL YEARS

L L

eonardo daeonardo Vinci was returned born ontoApril Milan 15,in1452. 1506. His In 1513, he family lived moved in a vilto Rome. Many other famous artists were lage calledworking AnchianoininRome at that time, but Leonardo stayed what is now only Italy. three Theyears. In 1516, Leonardo moved to Cloux nearest town (now wasClos-Lucé), Vinci. France. He was there to work for That is how King he got Francis his I of France. name. HisHis full title namewas “First painter, Vocabulary Box means “Leonardo architect, of and engineer to An ENGINEER is Vinci” in Italian. the King.” The king paid Vinci is still coveredsomeone by rolling, who grassyuses hills, Leonardo to do anything like it was in Leonardo’s time. science and math Quick Factthe artist wanted. Leonardo to design and build Vinci is about 20 miles (32 kilometers) from Florence.

useful machines and structures. 9

LEONARDO DA VINCI: GENIUS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

Leonardo’s father was named Ser Piero. He was a lawyer and a landlord. Leonardo’s mother was named Caterina. She was young and poor. Leonardo was raised mostly by his father’s parents and his Uncle Francesco. His family made sure that he was taught reading, writing, and arithmetic. Leonardo taught himself many other subjects later in life. Leonardo spent a great deal of time with his Uncle Francesco. Francesco was a farmer. He took Leonardo on walks around Vinci. He showed his nephew the The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne beauty of nature. Vinci is one of Leonardo’s paintings with a had many hills, olive beautiful, natural background. 10

EARLY LIFE THE MONA LISA

Vocabulary Box

painting seems to be smiling. NATURE is the world around But many us that is not made by people have people. Plants, animals, the wondered about sky, and the oceans are all part of nature. her expression. No one knows exactly what trees, and gardens. It it means. This was a good place to is Leonardo’s enjoy nature. Even Leonardo’s sketches of flowers look like genius. His Leonardo loved they pop off the page. artwork looks the colors of leaves and so real that it flowers. He studied makes people how water moved. He saw how things looked differcare about ent in and out of sunlight. He drew everything he who or what saw. Leonardo’s love of nature showed in his art and is in them. other creations. detailed drawings helped For hundreds His of years, people have wondered who make Mona Lisa is and why she has a slight smile. all of the natural objects in his paintings look as if The Mona Lisa draws they were real. 11

LEONARDO DALEONARDO VINCI: GENIUS DA OF VINCI: THE ITALIAN GENIUS RENAISSANCE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

“mirror writing.” Mirror CHAPTER THREE writing reads from right to left, which is how normal writing would look in a mirror. Some people think he did this because he was left-handed and did not his want to smudge his er Piero knew that writing. son was talented. WhenOthers think he wanted Leonardo was about 15 to make it hard for to take his ideas. years old, Ser Pieropeople arranged In Leonardo for him to study painting 1503, in returned the city of Florence. Leon- to Florence. He was welcomed to the city ardo helped the artist as a famous artist. But he Andrea del Verrocchio was also known for his in backward his studio. Verrocchio nardo used tiny, writing other interests. He was l of his notebooks. taught Leonardo many as an expert in skills, such as howhired to draw, architecture to find out

AN ARTIST’S BEGINNING

Andrea Verrocchio was a talented artist who taught Leonardo many things.

AN ARTIST’S LEONARDO’S BEGINNING NOTEBOOKS

paint, and why sculpt. a church Leonardo in Florence also learned hadmetalwork, been damaged. He also carpentry, worked and leather in the arts.military, Verrocchio sketching also helped planshim and creatstudy how ing devices mapsworked. of cities. Leonardo even drew up plans to Leonardo change painted the an course angelofinaVerrocchio’s river painting the Baptismthat of Christ. ran behind To somethe people, city of the angel Vocabulary was paint- Box ed perfectly.Pisa. TheAlthough buyer of thehepainting was notloved theARCHITECTURE angel is the more than successful, anything else. this According led to another to one story,and science of planni plan to build a water canal and creating building that would connect Florence to the sea. The plans were never carried out, but centuries later, a highway was built in the same place Leonardo had chosen for his canal. Leonardo also Quick Fact spent a lot of time in hospitals studying the Leonardo’s notebooks show the many different things he human body. There thought about. His subjects are many sketches of included buildings, clothing, parts of the body in math problems, plants, musical his notebooks.

Leonardo instruments, also painted an weapons, angel in The and Annunciation lists .

of words.

LEONARDO DALEONARDO VINCI: GENIUS DA OF VINCI: THE ITALIAN GENIUS RENAISSANCE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

Verrocchio was so impressed with Leonardo’s angel CHAPTER that he vowed neverFOUR to paint again. Leonardo became a member of Florence’s painters’ guild in 1472. This meant he was accepted as a professional artist at age 20. However, Leonardo continued to work in his teacher’s workshop for five more years. Leonardo was popular with many patrons. They a lot of money to spend on artwork, and they wantn Milan,had Leonaredto Leonardo do started think to make art for them. In 1482, Leonardo to Milan. He went to work for Ludovico Sforza, more aboutmoved science. He realizedwho thatwas a duke and the ruler of the city. Leonardo spent 17 years in Milan. He had his own workshop and knowing how things students. worked would makeSome of his students became famous painters themselves. During his him a better arttime ist, scientist, andin Milan, he is said Vocabulary Box to have finished six paintinventor. Leonardo PATRONS are people who ings for the duke. Howstill loved painting give money to support an ever,but three of those paintand drawing, artist’s work. people make models based on Leonardo’s ings have beenSome lost.

LEONARDO’S NOTEBOOKS

sketches. This is based on the sketch of a tank.

AN ARTIST’S LEONARDO’S BEGINNING NOTEBOOKS

Sforzahealso wanted wanted to design Leonardo to more make things. a horse sculpture Hetodrew everyhonor his dead thingfather. in notebooks. Leonardo made He would a claysketch model of aideas horse.forItpaintings was things more thanand 20 feet tall!he saw in nature. Leonardo spent moreHe would dream of beautiful than 10 years building buildings and the horse. He planned to make a machines final horsethat could This model is based on one of Leonardo’s in bronze, do butnew he never things. He sketches of a part for a flying machine. did. Milanwatched was at war birds fly and and bronzewanted was needed to do the same. He drew plans for flying machines and the pieces needed to to make cannons. make them fly. ThisVocabulary plan was likeBox many of Leonardo’s One odd fact Leonardo made detailed sketches for the ani-about A SKETCH is a quick, rough mals in St. George and the Dragon . projects. He was a great Leonardo’s notebooks is drawing that shows an dreamer,object, but he person, could or place. that he wrote them using 15

LEONARDO DA VINCI: GENIUS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

In this reproduction of Leonardo’s The Last Supper, Jesus is seated at the center.

not always finish his work. He took a lot of time. He would step back and look at each detail. He would study the science of what he did. Leonardo wanted his work to be perfect. 16

Quick Fact Leonardo painted the table and dishes in The Last Supper to look like the ones in the monks’ dining hall.

AN ARTISTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S BEGINNING

Leonardo did finish one of his most famous works during this period, however. From 1495 to 1498, he made a painting on a wall in a dining hall used by Christian monks. The painting was called The Last Supper. It shows an important event in the story of c hristianity. People have always loved Vocabulary Box the beauty of the painting CHRISTIANITY is a religion and how real the men look. that started about 2,000 Unfortunately, not years ago. It is based on the much of the original life, death, and teachings of painting remains today. It a man named Jesus. has faded and crumbled with time. However, it was restored in the late 1900s and can still be seen in the dining hall. There are also many copies of the painting. Some were made by Leonardoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s assistants. 17

LEONARDO DALEONARDO VINCI: GENIUS DA OF VINCI: THE ITALIAN GENIUS RENAISSANCE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

Verrocchio was so impressed with Leonardo’s angel CHAPTER FOURbecame that he vowed never to paint again. Leonardo a member of Florence’s painters’ guild in 1472. This meant he was accepted as a professional artist at age 20. However, Leonardo continued to work in his teacher’s workshop for five more years. Leonardo was popular with many patrons. They had a lot of money to spend on artwork, and they wantn Milan, Leonared Leonardodo to started make art them. In 1482, Leonardo to for think moved to Milan. He went to work for Ludovico Sforza, more about science. who was a He duke and the ruler of the city. Leonardo realized that spent 17 years in Milan. had his own workshop and knowing how He things students. Some of his students worked would makebecame famous painters themselves.him During his arta better time in Milan, he is saidand Vocabulary Box ist, scientist, to have finished six paintinventor. Leonardo PATRONS are people who ings for thestill duke. Howloved painting give money to support an ever, three and of those paint-but artist’s work. drawing, Some people make models based on Leonardo’s ings have been lost.

LEONARDO’S NOTEBOOKS

sketches. This is based on the sketch of a tank.

LEONARDO’S NOTEBOOKS

he wanted to design more things. He drew everything in notebooks. He would sketch ideas for paintings and things he saw in nature. He would dream of beautiful buildings and machines that could This model is based on one of Leonardo’s do new things. He sketches of a part for a flying machine. watched birds fly and wanted to do the same. He drew plans for flying machines and the pieces needed to make them fly. Vocabulary Box One odd fact about A SKETCH is a quick, rough Leonardo’s notebooks is drawing that shows an that he wrote them using object, person, or place. 19

LEONARDO DALEONARDO VINCI: GENIUS DA OF VINCI: THE ITALIAN GENIUS RENAISSANCE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

“mirror writing.” Mirror

CHAPTER THREE writing reads from right

AN ARTIST’S BEGINNING

er Piero knew that his son was talented. When Leonardo was about 15 years old, Ser Piero arranged for him to study painting in the city of Florence. Leonardo helped the artist Andrea del Verrocchio in his studio. LeonardoVerrocchio used tiny, backward writing in all of his notebooks. taught Leonardo many skills, such as how to draw, 20

to left, which is how normal writing would look in a mirror. Some people think he did this because he was left-handed and did not want to smudge his writing. Others think he wanted to make it hard for people to take his ideas. In 1503, Leonardo returned to Florence. He was welcomed to the city as a famous artist. But he was also known for his other interests. He was hired as an expert in architecture to find out

Andrea Verrocchio was a talented artist who taught Leonardo many things.

LEONARDO’S NOTEBOOKS AN ARTIST’S BEGINNING

why a church paint, in and Florence sculpt.had Leonardo been damaged. also learned Hemetalwork, also worked incarpentry, the military, andsketching leather arts. plans Verrocchio and creatalso helped him ing maps of study cities. howLeonardo devices worked. even drew up plans to change the course Leonardo of a river painted an angel in Verrocchio’s painting that ran behind the Baptism the city of Christ. of To some people, the angel was paintVocabulary Box Pisa. Although ed perfectly. he wasThe notbuyer of the painting loved theart angel ARCHITECTURE is the successful,more this than led toanything anotherelse. According to one story, and science of planning plan to build a water canal and creating buildings. that would connect Florence to the sea. The plans were never carried out, but centuries later, a highway was built in the same place Leonardo had chosen for his canal. Leonardo also Quick Fact spent a lot of time in hospitals studying the Leonardo’s notebooks show the many different things he human body. There thought about. His subjects are many sketches of included buildings, clothing, parts of the body in math problems, plants, musical his notebooks. Leonardo also painted instruments, weapons, and lists an angel in The Annunciation. of words.

LEONARDO DA VINCI: GENIUS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

CHAPTER FIVE

THE MONA LISA

n Florence, Leonardo worked on some of his greatest paintings. One was the Mona Lisa. This is probably his most popular painting today. The Mona Lisa is a portrait of a woman. For many centuries, no one knew who the woman in the Mona Lisa was. Experts now think that she may have been Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a merchant from Florence. The merchantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s last name was Gioconda, so the paintVocabulary Box ing is sometimes called La A GENIUS is a very Gioconda. The painting is smart or talented mysterious in other ways, person. too. The woman in the

THE MONA LISA EARLY LIFE

Vocabulary Box

painting seems to be smiling. NATURE is the world around But many us that is not made by people have people. Plants, animals, the wondered about sky, and the oceans are all part of nature. her expression. No one knows exactly what trees, and gardens. It it means. This was a good place to is Leonardo’s enjoy nature. Even Leonardo’s sketches of flowers lo Hispage. Leonardo loved theygenius pop off. the artwork looks the colors of leaves and so real that it flowers. He studied makes people how water moved. He saw how things looked differcare about ent in and out of sunlight. He drew everything he who or what saw. Leonardo’s love of nature showed in his art and isdrawings in them.helped make other creations. His detailed For hundreds of years, people have wondered who Mona Lisa is and why she has a slight smile. The Mona all of the natural objects in his paintings look as if Lisa draws they were real. 23

LEONARDO DALEONARDO VINCI: GENIUS DA OF VINCI: THE ITALIAN GENIUS RENAISSANCE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

He was an inventor, too. He loved to draw and build things. Leonardo thought about all kinds of new machines. He drew plans for a flying machine more than 400 years before the first Leonardoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lady with an Ermine was painted airplane was built. He in about 1490. recorded his ideas in many notebooks. thousands visitors to the Today, those of noteardo made Quick sketches Fact and notes in Louvre every year. The paintbooks and his artwork books before creating artwork. The Mona Lisa is now ing his wasgreat stolen once, show talent. In but it on display in the was recovered two years later. modern times, people Louvre, a museum in It isbuilt nowmachines displayed behind have Paris, France. protective glass. using the designs in his notebooks. His plans were so good that some of the machines actually work! 24

CHAPTER TITLECHAPTER TITLE

CHAPTERCHAPTER SIX TWO

LEONARDO’S EARLYFINAL LIFE YEARS

L L

eonardo returned eonardo to daMilan Vinci was in 1506. born In on 1513, April 15, he 1452. His moved to Rome. family lived Manyinother a vil- famous artists were working inlage Rome called at Anchiano that time,inbut Leonardo stayed only threewhat years.is In now 1516, Italy.Leonardo The moved to Cloux (now Clos-Lucé), nearest town France. wasHe Vinci. was there to work for King Francis ThatI of is how France. he got his His title was name. “First Hispainter, full name Vocabulary Box architect, means and engineer “Leonardo to of An ENGINEER is the King.” Vinci” The king in Italian. paid Vinciwho is stilluses covered by rolling, grass someone Leonardo to do anything it was in Leonardo’s time. sciencelikeand math the artist Quick wanted.Fact Leonardo to design and build machines and Vinci is about 20 miles useful (32 structures. kilometers) from Florence.

LEONARDO DALEONARDO VINCI: GENIUS DA OF VINCI: THE ITALIAN GENIUS RENAISSANCE OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

life. They spent designed much beautiful of his time buildings. in France They editing made his writings. For colorful paintings. the king, They he drew carved planssculptures for a palaceofand imporgarden. He also tant people. made Artists, sketches scientists, for court andfestivals. inventors Otherwise, were the king left encouragedhim in their alonework. and treated It was him a time as an when honored new ideas guest. Leonardo died had in aCloux chanceontoMay grow. 2, 1519. He was The Renaissance of Saint-Florentin. was The ocabulary buried Box in the palace church also a time when people ULPTURES are pieces began to invent machines art usually made by that changed the rving clay, metal, or way people lived and one. worked. For example, the printing press was a new machine that made it easier to print books. Leonardo stood out as one of Italyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s greatest Quick Fact artists of the RenaisOther famous artists of sance period. His style of This painting by another artist a sick the shows Renaissance period painting was unlike anyspeaking with King Francis I. Leonardo in bed are Michelangelo and other artist. Today, his Raphael. 26

LEONARDO’S WHO FINAL WASYEARS LEONARDO DA VINCI?

This is a drawing of the human body from one of Leonardo’s notebooks.

church was torn down in the early 1800s. Leonardo’s grave can no longer be found. His paintings and notebooks are still studied and enjoyed by millions of crowd people The Mona Lisa always attracts a big of around visitors to the Louvre. the world.

Quick Fact works the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper are two of the A museum in Florence world’s most famous paintings. models of some But Leonardo was muchhas more than just a painter. of the machines that He studied many different subjects and was talented Leonardo sketched in in all of them. Today, someone that is known as hislike notebooks. a Renaissance man. Leonardo watched humans and and made drawings to show how they moved. A leather-covered animals book of Leonardo’s sketches is pictured. It holds 600 drawings of the human body, including one of his most famous (above).

LEONARDO DA VINCI: GENIUS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

CHAPTER ONE TIMELINE

WHO WAS LEONARDO DA VINCI?

1452: Leonardo is born on April 15 in Anchiano, near Vinci, in what is now Italy. 1473: Leonardo makes his first known drawing, Landscape Drawing of the Arno Valley.

about 1470–75: Leonardo paints The Annunciation and helps Verrocchio paint the Baptism of Christ.

any about people can Leonardo paints a portrait of Ginevra de’ Benci. 1474–78: 1481: thing Leonardo begins painting Adoration of the Magi. It is unfinished. do one 1482: Leonardo well. Some people canleaves Florence to work in Milan for Duke Ludovico Sforza. 1483: Leonardo begins painting Virgin of the Rocks along with two younger artists. do many things well. 1489–90: Leonardo paints Lady with an Ermine. Leonardo da Vinci was 1490: Leonardo designs sets and costumes for Il Paradiso (also called The Feast of a person who Paradise), was good a play put on at the wedding feast of the duke’s nephew. 1491: Leonardo designs clothing for the duke’s wedding. at many things. He was 1498: Leonardo a talented artist who finishes The Last Supper. about 1499: Leonardo draws a life-size sketch called Virgin and Child with St. Anne created paintings, drawand the Young St. John the Baptist. ings, and sculptures. Heworks on Virgin and Child with St. Anne, but it remains unfinished. 1502–16: Leonardo was also a great mind in the field of science. Leonardo da Vinci is one of the 28

world’s most famous artists.

WHO WAS LEONARDO DA VINCI?

Leonardo lived in Italy in the 1400s during a period of TIMELINE time called the about 1503–06: In Florence, Leonardo paints the Mona Lisa. Renaissance. The 1506–08: Leonardo paints a second version of Virgin of the Rocks. word Renaissance about 1510: Leonardo draws his self-portrait in red chalk. means “rebirth” in 1516: Leonardo moves to Cloux (now Clos-Lucé), France, to work for King Francis I. French. It was called He paints his final painting, a portrait of Saint John the Baptist. 1519: Leonardo this dies onbecause May 2 at agethere 67. He was leaves his notebooks and paintings to his friend and student, Francesco Melzi. a rebirth of interest in ancient Greece and Rome. The Europeans of the Renaissance took the ideas of the ancient people and Leonardo’s painting of John the Baptist built on these ideas to develop their own. hangs in the Louvre museum in Paris. The work of artists became more true to 29

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GLOSSARY

xclusively by Rosen Publishing. nal Britannica Educational Publishing titles, go to rosenpublishing.com.

DESIGN To make something according to plan. DETAIL A small part of something larger. DEVICES Objects, machines, or tools made for a special purpose or to do a job. hing DUKE A man of high rank in the highest class of society; dukes tend to have Killcoyne: Executive Editor great riches and power. e: Editor t Director INVENTOR A person who creates or makes new things. Designer n: Photography Manager LIFETIME The whole life of a person, from birth to death. : Photo Researcher MODEL A pattern of something to be made; a model may be made of a larger Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data piece of artwork so that the artist can plan his or her work; also, a small copy tine. ofEdition. an object based on a sketch or design. Vinci/Justine Ciovacco.—First Britannica beginner bios) Men who live and work in a religious community. ographical references andMONKS index. 6227-5680-3 (eBook) PROFESSIONAL Someone who isliterature. paid 3.for his or her work. da Vinci, 1452–1519—Juvenile literature. 2. Artists—Italy—Biography—Juvenile Scientists—Italy—Biography— ture. I. Title. STUDIO A building or room where an artist works. 52 2014 TALENTED Naturally able to do something well.

ducational Publishing g: Director, Core Reference Group cCudden: Editor, Britannica Student Encyclopedia

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ckphoto.com/sedmak; p. 1, interior pages © iStockphoto.com/Janka Dharmasena; p. 4 DEA/D. Dagli Orti/De Agostini/Getty Print Collector/Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images; p. 7 Raphael Gaillarde/Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images; p. 8 Science & e Library/Getty Images; p. 9 Hemis.fr/SuperStock; p. 10 DEA/G. Dagli Orti/De Agostini/Getty Images; p. 11 De Agostini/ p. 12 Leemage/Universal Images Group/Getty Images; p. 13 Heritage Images/Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images; p. 15 or/Hulton Archive/Getty Images; p. 16 Culture Club/Hulton Archive/Getty Images; pp. 18, 19 The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (file no. LC-USZ62-110330); p. 23 Universal Images Group/Getty Images; p. 24 John AFP/Getty Images; p. 26 DEA/A. Dagli Orti/De Agostini/Getty Images; p. 27 (top) Gjon Mili/The Life Picture Collection/Getty (bottom) Press Association/AP Images.

CONTENTS BOOKS

Chapter 1

FOR MORE INFORMATION

WHO WAS LEONARDO DA VINCI?

EARLY LIFE

Barretta, Gene. Neo Leo: The Ageless Ideas of Leonardo da Vinci. New York, NY: Chapter 2 Henry Holt and Co., 2009. Langley, Andrew. DK Eyewitness Books: Da Vinci and His Times. New York, NY: Chapter DK Eyewitness Books, 2006. 3

ARTIST’S Phillips, John. LeonardoAN da Vinci: The Genius BEGINNING Who Defined the Renaissance. Washington, DC: National Geographic Kids, 2008. Chapter 4

Wood, Alix. Artists Through the Ages: Leonardo da Vinci. New York, NY: LEONARDO’S NOTEBOOKS Windmill Books, 2013.

THE MONA LISA

WEBSITES

Chapter 5

Because of the changingChapter nature of Internet 6 links, Rosen Publishing has developed an online list of websites related to the subject of this book. This site is updated regularly. Please use thisLEONARDO’S link to access the list: FINAL YEARS http://www.rosenlinks.com/BBB/Vinci

Timeline Glossary For More Information Index

25 28 30 31 32 31

INDEX architecture, 20–21 Baptism of Christ, 13 Caterina da Vinci, 10 Christianity, 17 flying machines, 8, 19 Francesco da Vinci, 10 Francis I, 25 Gherardini, Lisa, 22 Gioconda, La, 22 Last Supper, The, 7, 16, 17

painters’ guild, 14 printing press, 6

mirror writing, 20 Mona Lisa, 7, 22–24

Verrocchio, Andrea del, 12–14

Renaissance, 5–6 “Renaissance man,” 7 Saint-Florentin church, 26–27 sculptures, 4, 6, 13, 15 Ser Piero da Vinci, 10, 12 Sforza, Ludovico, 14, 15