Geog rivers revision qs

Rivers Name:

Class: 10

By the end of this unit ‘Rivers and coasts’ you should be able to answer the following key questions about rivers: 1.

What is a hydrological cycle?

2.

What is a storm hydrograph and how does it respond to changes in water levels in rivers? How to read a hydrograph? How is it useful?

3.

What are the inputs, flows, stores and outputs in a river basin?

4.

What are the physical and human causes of river flooding?

5.

Two case studies: one from an LEDC and the other from an MEDC (Bangladesh or Pakistan and Boscastle or Tewkesbury) Describe and explain the causes, effects and management of river flooding?

Why and how do the effects of river flooding vary between areas at different economic levels?

6. How and why are some strategies for flood management more sustainable than others?

7. How do weathering, erosion, transport and deposition operate in a river basin?

8.

How are fluvial landforms formed, including meanders, interlocking spurs, floodplains, river cliffs, valleys and waterfalls (with appropriate examples)?

9.

Describe a case study of one river valley and its landforms (River Tees).

Match the keywords with their definitions.

Precipitation

When moisture from plants and leaves is lost to the atmosphere

Percolation

All water released from clouds such as rain, snow, hail, sleet & snow When water soaks into the soil The downward movement of water from the soil into rock

Condensation Transpiration Evaporation

When water vapour is cooled and turns into water droplets to form clouds

Infiltration

The movement of water through the rocks

Interception

When water travels through the soil towards a river or the sea

Surface Runoff When trees or manmade objects get in the way of rain reaching the ground surface Throughflow Water flowing across the surface of the land, whether in a channel or over the land Groundwater The level of saturated ground in the soil - it rises and falls Flow depending on the amount of rain Water Table When water is heated by the sun and rises into the sky as water vapour Write the meaning of each part of the drainage basin.

Which ones are inputs, outputs, transfers and stores of water in the drainage basin? Colour them in four different colours.

Inputs: When water is added to a drainage basin.

Outputs: When water leaves a drainage system.

Transfers (flows): When water is moving within a drainage basin.

Stores: When water is stationary and not moving in a drainage basin.

Precipitation, Interception, when water is held in a puddle, a lake or a garden pond, when water is held in unsaturated soil, when water is held in saturated ground, Infiltration, Through flow, Percolation, Groundwater flow (baseflow), Channel flow, Evaporation, Transpiration, Evapotranspiration

What is a HYDROGRAPH? ……………………………………………………………………………………

A number of factors influence the way in which a river responds to precipitation and have an effect on the shape of the hydrograph.

Circle the correct options from the underlined words.

Influence of steepness: Where gradients are steep, water runs off faster/quicker, it reaches the river more quickly/slowly and causes a steep/gentle rising limb. Prolonged heavy rain causes more overland flow than light drizzly rain.

Areas of permeable rocks and soil allow more/less infiltration and so less/more surface run off.

The way in which the land is used will also have an influence on the hydrograph – vegetation intercepts precipitation and allows evaporation to take place directly into the atmosphere so reducing/increasing the amount of water available for overland flow while the large number of impermeable/permeable surfaces in urban areas encourages/decreases run off into gutters and drains carrying water slowly/quickly to the nearest river which means there is a lower/higher risk of flooding in urban areas.

Describe and explain the difference between the hydrograph before and after urbanisation. …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

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Tick the erosional processes of river. Ø Ø Ø Ø

Hydraulic Action Abrasion or Corrasion Saltation Traction

Tick the transportational processes of river. Ø Ø Ø Ø

Suspension Solution Attrition Abrasion

Name and describe two ways rivers erode riverbed and its banks. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………....

Name and describe two ways rivers transport the eroded material. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Deposition happens when the velocity of a river is reduced.

One of the factors leading to deposition is shown below: Low rainfall reducing amount of precipitation which means river does not have enough energy.

Name three other factors that lead to deposition.

1………………………………………………………………………………

2………………………………………………………………………………

3………………………………………………………………………………

Different landforms are formed in different stages of the river.

Describe the formation of waterfalls. Draw an annotated diagram to show the formation. Include four points. Use a named example.

Describe the formation of meanders and ox-bow lakes. Draw annotated diagrams to show the formation. Include four points. Use a named example.

Describe the formation of deltas and floodplains. Draw annotated diagrams to show the formation. Include four points. Use a named example.

Describe the physical causes of flooding in Bangladesh. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Describe the human causes of flooding in Bangladesh. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Explain the social effects of flooding in Bangladesh. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Explain the environmental effects of flooding in Bangladesh. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Explain the economic effects of flooding in Bangladesh. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Describe 2 methods used to manage flooding in Bangladesh.

Method 1 …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Method 2 …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

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Describe the physical causes of flooding inYork. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Describe the human causes of flooding inYork. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Explain the social effects of flooding inYork. …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Explain the environmental effects of flooding in York. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Explain the economic effects of flooding in York . …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Describe 2 methods used to manage flooding inYork .

Method 1 …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

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Method 2 …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Where are the effects of flooding worse? York or Bangladesh? ……………………………………………………………………………………

Suggest 2 reasons to explain your answer to the above question.

Reason 1 …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

Reason 2 …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………