Enviro 14 - English Version

Not for sale

H IS N GL IO E N E RS V

Enviro ITB ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION PRESENTS:

14th edition/2014

the green guide

Highlight: Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Kilas Lingkungan: Our Forest in on Fire Around the World: The Most Polluted Cities and Cleanest Cities

AIR POLLUTION

Lifestyle: Public or Personal Transportation?

Sponsored by: Disponsori oleh: Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Institut Teknologi Bandung

PT Elnusa Tbk. support:

HIMPUNAN MAHASISWA TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN ITB 5

Graha Elnusa Jl. T.B. Simatupang Kav. 1B Jakarta 12560, Indonesia www.elnusa.co.id

PT Elnusa Tbk. Drilling & OilďŹ eld Services Geoscience Services: Land, Marine, Transition Zone, Processing

g e ty o u r d a i l ye c o p r o d u c t s .

CHE CKOUTOURCOLLE CTI ONS:

ENVs t or e

ENV_ HMTL

ENVHMTLI TB

Editor’s Letter Air pollution, especially in urban area, nowadays is not a brand new issue. Based on WHO data, about 3 million people die because of air pollution or about 5% of 55 million death all around the world every year. The high emission from motor vehicle makes Indonesia as one of the highest air polluted country in the world. We don’t realize that the source of the pollutants come from our activities.

Enviro 14th edition talk about “Air Pollution” that hopefully could enrich our knowledge.

Air pollution will always take place without us noticing. How we reduce it is just a matter of choice.

Happy reading, get the green guide, think, and do the green lifestyle!

Eugenia Agni Dwi H. Editor in Chief Enviro 14th Edition

4

CREWS Person in Charge Dimas Haryo Adi Prakoso Supervisor Kaysha Floren Editor in Chief Eugenia Agni Dwi H. Managing Editor Renata Maharani Public Relation Manager Musfiandini Zahra Reporter Director Sylvia Kurniawati Reporters Silvany Dewita Akbar Syahid Rabbani

Senior Editor Mezy Fadhila Editors Rakhmat Abimanyu Annida Ferani R.

Layout Director Yessica Ayuningtias Layouters Aghnia Qinthari Kartika Kusumadewi Noviani Ima W.

Finance Manager Farida N. Yusriyani Finance Staff Wulan Purnama Dewi Nadia Risky Putri

Production & Distribution Agung Kusumawardhana P&D Staff Muhammad Andhika P. 5

me, eti ur s ei el h t n i ead r ve! i nto mat yfu r t o t f e r n i p d s ’ n t .

I er nga ut ti bett es abo and cts nter i nfa tter e u f b e or lbe l t’ dm yi l ead eful eas l p Hop , y ) : a L hew lLO Byt enta onm r i v n e

ve ti uca ded gan n e i e g cee acka Ni vep ! ol acti ” r yco r FYI e Att V . ke“ i s l t n e t nfo i e r con mo add t ce, vi bou ” ead ona w h o ni t n pi k n. o o i u For t e o a dy kth oci s Di s as “ a y d r a n e a th om s oal om o r i lfr Env enta m n ! ! l o r o envi sco t’ ,i l ral Ove

Thet hi ngst hatIl i kefr om Envi r oar andi et hecover t scol or st hatmake peopl ei nt er t es or t ed ead.Whe nopened ,Ial s ol i ket hecol l ay out or ,andt s , hebackgr ound.

Fort headvi ce,whyi si tnotj us t i fyfort So,i het t ’ l ll ext ookbet ? t er .

Ver yni cecover .

Keepupt hegoodwo r kEnvi r o!

Hopeful l yi tbecome mor ecat chy !

nd ta you nt. a l ve nte ti the co rac l ke ty f ma nte ai I , u nsi e c dq dvi nte i e a r goo mo the on i For cat i bl u p

Doyouwantt os endyouradvi c e, c omment s ,orc r i t i c sabout Envi r omagaz i ne? s endyouemai lt o: envi r o. hmt l @gmai l . c om

PT Elnusa Tbk. support:

HIMPUNAN MAHASISWA TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN ITB 5

Graha Elnusa Jl. T.B. Simatupang Kav. 1B Jakarta 12560, Indonesia www.elnusa.co.id

PT Elnusa Tbk. Drilling & OilďŹ eld Services Geoscience Services: Land, Marine, Transition Zone, Processing

E T N N T O S C 24

4 5 6 32 46 48

routine Editor’s letter Crews Dear Enviro Photography About Environmental Eng. HMTL ITB

highlight 5W1H Air Pollution 10 Volatile Organic Compounds 16 Pollution AQMS, Get The Better Air 18 Quality event 12 ICCC (Indonesia Climate Change Centre)

18

ENVIRO AT A GLANCE Our Forest is on Fire 20 Air Pollution from Volcanic 22 Eruption

this edition

in this edition, Enviro’s cover represents the most occuring air pollution issue, which is motor vehicle. One of the solutions to reduce air pollution is using bicycle as a transportation 8

42 10 36

Article Contributors: Nadiyatur Rahma W. (TL 2010) Siti Nur’anisah (TL 2011) Ricky Alamsyah (TL 2012) Dynta Trishana S.T. (TL 2009) Annisa Rizky Safitri (TL 2012) Syahbaniati Putri (TL 2010) Amrini Amalia S. (TL 2011) M. Adi Septiono (TL 2010)

This EDItiON 14 Did You Know: REDD+ 15 You Say So 24 Lifestyle: Public or Personal Transportation?

28 Around The World: The Most Polluted and Cleanest Cities in The World 31 Did You Know: Facts About Air Pollution 36 Technology Research: Clean Fuel 38 Profile 40 Technology Research: Carbon Capture & Storage 42 Recomendation 44 Tips 45 Surf The Net 47 About Environmental Infrastructure Eng,

Freelance:

Yosefin Retno A. TL 2011 Handayani N. Yuniki Mediayati translator TL 2011 TL 2011 translator photographer

Rico Lejiu TL 2011 translator

9

A I R P O L L U T I O N

Ai r pol l ut i on,whi c hi s ai rc ont ami nat i on,i s s uppos e dt ober e duc e dmor east e c hnol ogyde ve l opi ng.

L e t ’ ss t ar twi t hour s e l ve s !

Phot o: ht t p: / / f l i c k r . c om

w

heny ouhear d about‘ ai rpol l ut i on’ , whatc oul d bepopped outi ny our mi nd?

Ma y bey oura ns werwi l lbes mok egener a t ed by mot orv ehi c l e,s ol i d wa s t ec ombus t i on, s mok i ng,et c .Wha ti sa i rpol l ut i onora i rc ont a mi na t i onex a c t l y ?Ac c or di ngt ogov er nment r egul a t i on, a i r pol l ut i on i ss ubs t a nc e, or ener gywhi c hent erorf edf r om ot herc omponenti nt oa mbi enta i rc a us edbyhuma na c t i v i t i ess ot ha tt hea i rqua l i t ydec r ea s edt oc er t a i n poi nta ndt her ef or e,a mbi enta i rc a nnotf ul f i l l i t spur pos e.Whi l ef r om E P A( E nv i r onment a l Pr ot ec t i onAgenc y ) , a i rpol l ut i oni sac ondi t i on whena mbi enta i rc ont a i nedga s ,dus t ,mol d, a nd/ ors c entwi t hqua nt i t yda nger ousenough f orl i v i ngt hi ngs ’ hea l t ha ndc onv eni enc e.

Wel l , s eei ng t he da nger si tc a us e,a mbi ent a i r qua l i t ys t a nda r dc a meouta ss ol ut i ons !The s t a nda r di si nc l udi nga l lt hea l l oweds ubs t a nc esi ns i dea mbi enta i ri nc l udi ngt hei rqua nt i t y .

I ndones i aha si t sownr ul eswhi c hr egul a t ea i r Ther ear eal otofpol l ut ants our c es , butwemay qua l i t y ,whi c hi sGov er nmentRegul a t i onsno. c at egor i z ed t hos ei nt ot wo,whi c h ar e poi nt 41y ea r1999( Per a t ur a n Pemer i nt a h No.41 s our c eandmobi l es our c e.

Theex ampl eofpoi nt t a hun1999) .Thi sr egul a t i onma na gesa bout s our c ei smot orv ehi c l e,andf ormobi l es our c e f unda ment a lt hi ngsi nc l udi ngdef i ni t onsa nd ar ei ndus t r i als i t eandener gypower pl ant . s t uf f sr el a t edt oa i rpol l ut i on.

Ev er y pol l ut ant or emi s s i on gener at ed by s our c es hav et o meet ai r emi s s i on qual i t y s t andar dappr opr i at et ot her egul at i on.Ther ef or e, emi s s i onst es ti snec es s ar ys ot hatgener at edemi s s i onsmays af ef orenv i r onment .

Al ongwi t ht ec hnol ogydev el opment , gener at ed emi s s i onsar es uppos ed t o be mor e env i r onment al f r i endl y .

But , wr ongl y us edf uel , us ageof ol dt y pemac hi nar y ,orf al s epat t er nsus ageof mac hi nesmaygener at ebadqual i t yemi s s i ons .

So? ?Nev erf or gett owi s el yc hoos eenv i r onment f r i endl yf uel ,c ar ey ourmac hi nes ,andi t sgoi ng bet t eri fy our educ et heus ageofanyi ns t r ument whi c hmaypol l ut eai r , OK?

ev e nt

ITB AND ICCC I HELD STUDIUM GENERALE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE “It is time for university to expose itselves for innovation to climate change challenge” 12

ndonesia Climate Change Center (ICCC) in collaboration with ITB held ICCC Public Lecture on Climate Change with theme “Sustainable Energy based Economic Transformation” on Saturday (26/04/14) at ITB West Hall, from 09:00 to 11:00 WIB. ICCC is an institution formed through collaboration of United State of America and Indonesia government underneath Comperhensive Partnership Program framework.

This event is directed by means of sharing knowledge so it may create curiosity toward renewable energy utilization issue in economic principle and also biofuel development for green transportation and electricity which goes to especially cloistered area and archipelago.

ICC Manajer, Farhan Helmy as moderator gave welcoming speech in Climate Change Studium Generale on April 26th 2014 at ITB

Rahmat Gobel chairman of Indonesia Renewable Energy Society

From this dialog, ICCC and ITB hope to facilitate and communicate recent information regarding sains and technology. Else, they also hope to give new knowledge and experience to cope with impact and climate change potency from policy makers, practitioners and researchers. Presenting Rahmat Gobel (Chairman of Indonesia Renewable Energy Society) and Artissa Panjaitan (LEDS Cluster Coordinator ICCC) as event speaker, this public lecture is led by Farhan Helmy (ICCC Manajer) as moderator. On their speech, the speakers explained about renewable energy’s role in boosting low-emission carbon economy development and its relevancy with potencies as well as limits of other energy sources utilization, along with chances of its impact toward environment and climate change.

In this public lecture, also explained that ICCC has done studies about renewable energy utilization in two, which are study about bio-ethanol in degraded field and New Perspective Study to Draw Renewable Energy Investment in field of (tanaman untuk energi listrik terbarukan). These two studies indicate bio-ethanol as potential fuel for greener transportation and balance of trade emendation for the sake of supporting faster economic growth.

The emendation also expecte to reach rural area along with initial finding, which shows that alteration in investment-tractive power measurer perspective in Indonesia is necessary. “It is time for university to expose itselves for innovation to climate change challenge”, said Farhan Helmy when giving welcoming speech.

13

F OR E S T SANDCL I MAT E CHANGEF ACT S B y: Depar t men t of P r of es s i on al i s mHT ML

The r ea r ea ppr ox i ma t e l y4bi l l i onsa c r e soff or e s ti nt hi s wor l d,c ov e r i ng a l mos t 30 pe r c e ntoft hee a r t h' sma i nl a nd.

56% oft ha tf or e s tl i e si n t r opi c a l a nds ubt r opi c a l a r e a s .

I ndone s i aha st hi r dl a r ge s t t r opi c a lf or e s ta f t e rBr a z i l a ndKongo.

Appr ox i ma t e l y f r om 1990t o2005, t hi swor l d ha dl os t3 pe r c e ntof t ot a la r e aoff or e s twi t h t he a v e r a ge r e duc t i on 0.

2pe r c e ntpe ry e a r .

WhyRE DD+?'

Pl us ' s i gnbe hi nda dds c ons e r v a t i ona nds us t a i na bl ef or e s t ma na ge me nt ,f or e s tr e s t or a t i ona nd r e f or e s t a t i on,a l ong wi t he nha nc e me ntoff or e s tc a r bons t oc k s .

RE DD ( Re duc i ngE mi s s i onsf r om De f or e s t a t i on a nd F or e s tDe gr a da t i on)i sa me c ha ni s mt oe nc ount e rc l i ma t ec ha nge wi t hgi v i ngc ompe ns a t i onf orpa r t ywho doe sde f or e s t a t i ona ndf or e s tde gr a da t i onpr e v e nt i on.

I nt e r na t i ona l l y ,s e r v i c e buy e r s wi l lv ol unt a r yorobl i ga t or ypa y t he s e r v i c e pr ov i de r ( gov e r nme nt or s ubna t i ona l a ge nc yi nde v e l opi ngc ount r y ) f or e nv i r onme nt a l s e r v i c e s ( e mi s s i onr e duc t i on,de f or e s t a t i ona ndf or e s tde gr a da t i on) , or a nya c t i v i t i e st ha tc oul dpr ov i de t ha ts e r v i c e( t e nur er e f or mf or l a we nf or c e me nt ) .

F or e s tc ov e r s8693 mi l l i onsa c r e sora l mos tha l f of I ndone s i a ' s ma i nl a nd a r e a .Ac c or di ng t oF or e s t r y Mi ni s t r y ,I ndone s i a l oos e1.

18mi l l i ona c r e sof f or e s te v e r ys i ngl ey e a r

9outof10

E v e r yc ount r yt ha tha smor et ha n80pe r c e ntpr i ma r yf or e s tha se nc ount e r e dmor e t ha n onepe r c e ntr e duc t i on i n 2000t o 2005pe r i odoft i me .I nc l udi ngI ndone s i a ( 13%) ,Me x i c o( 6%) ,Pa puaNe w Gui ne a ( 5%)a ndBr a z i l ( 4%) .

Pa puaNe w Gui ne aa nd Kos t a Ri k aa nnounc e d e mi s s i onr e duc t i onf r om de f or e s t a t i on pr opos a l on c l i ma t ec ha nge di s c us s i oni n2005.

E mi s s i on r e duc t i on f r om de f or e s t a t i on a nd de gr a da t i onr e c e i v e di ni t i a ll e ga l f r a me wor ki n CoP 13 i n Ba l i ,2007.Thi sDe c i s i on, k nowna sBa l iAc t i onPl a n ( BAP)i nc l ude spr ov i s i onof l e ga lba s i sofs c he mede v e l opme nta ndRE DDpi l ot pr oj e c t snowa da y s .

Ont hel a s tc l i ma t ec ha nge c onv e nt i on i n Ca nc un i n 2010, t he wor l d ha v e a gr e e dt oi nc l udeRE DD+ i nt hes oont obea ppl i e d me c ha ni s m a f t e r Ky ot o pr ot oc ol c omet oa ne ndi n 2012 whos e s uc c e s si s que s t i ona bl e .

YOU SAY SO

Our seemingly harmless habits and activities can actually cause air pollution.

I think most people in our society especially students already know about the cause of air pollution. However, it is very unfortunate that they still burn their garbage, use exhaust that does not fulfill the standard, too much vehicle use, etc. I am sure most students have enough environmental knowledge. Therefore, students have to become the pioneers in implementing the Eco lifestyle. One of it is to be wise in commuting.

This way at least we minimalize the air pollution occurrence tendency.

By doing this we contribute in maintaining our health. Taking care of our environment means that we care about our future grandchildren and ourselves.

Nurhaida Adha Putri TL 2012 Head of U-Green ITB

Coming up with excuses such as forgetting to turn of electricity appliance when we no longer use it is often happens in our daily life. Although this clearly wastes energy and can create air pollution. Let’s do a simple calculation with certain assumptions.

A simple example, a 15 watt lamp which you forget to turn off for an hour/ day for 200 days. The total energy required = 15 watt Ă— 3600s Ă— 200= 10,800 kJ.

Adnanta Rio Chemical Engineer-

The burning of subbituminous coal fulfills energy demand in Indonesia. Coal energy content = 22, 606 with carbon dioxide content = 43.4% weight (Considine, 1974). Assuming coal is completely combusted, so all the carbon reacted and become carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide emission that will be produced= 0.74kg CO2/kg coal for 200 days. That is only for one lamp.

Imagine how many lamps are in a building. Imagine if other electronic devices are also like that. It has to be noted that emission that is counted is only CO2.

Although we know that coal burning also produces other air emission such as Sox, NOx, etc. This is our real contribution to air pollution through our daily activities. So do you still want to forget to turn of your electronic devices when not in use?

Society contribution to air pollution is through motor vehicles usage. I think that people are aware about emission coming from motor vehicles. However, they put it aside because they need it to travel. Ineffective Indonesian city planning forces them to travel long distances using motor vehicles every day and most people feel more comfortable using private vehicles. Hence, there needs to be socialization from authority and willingness from people to minimize private vehicle use in order to reduce motor vehicle emission.

Mega Liani Putri FTSL 2013

15

hi g h li g h t

Volatile Organic Compounds pollution By: Nadiyatur Rahma TL 2010

VOC pollutant turn out to be always nearby our daily life, how far do we wary?

V

olatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is carbon chemical substance which easily evaporate at normal condition or room temperature. Besides carbon, VOCs also contain other molecules such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, and halogen class substance. There are a lot of organic compund which considered VOCs such as aldehyde, keton, and hydrocarbon.

But in fact, not every organic compund is VOC when they don’t evaporate at room temperature.

VOCs oftenly considered as solvents and classified as Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP). Released VOCs contribute as air contaminant, either indoor or outdoor. According to US Environmental Protection Agency research, explained that VOC concetration in indoor air is 2 to 5 times higher than outdoor air. VOCs can be easily found in our daily activities, such as paint, varnishes, glue, gasoline, cleanse, cigarette smoke, pesticide, nail tint, room freshener, hair spray, and perfume.

Air-conditioners are unable to remove pathogens, VOCs and odours

Mould from split air-conditioner VOCs from perfurmes, hair sprays, cosmetics and air freshners

Outdoor Air containing: Particulate matter, pathogens, VOCs, Odours & Emis-

Mould, mildew and odours

Pathogens as a result of toilet water aerosolisation Dust mites and other allergens from carpets, curtains and furniture

16

VOCs from unven gas stoves

nted

VOC emissions also generated from natural and anthropogenic (human activities) sources.

VOC natural sources include vegetation, natural forest fires, and wild animal. Trees discharge VOC substance in isoprene and monoterpenes form, which gives certain smell to the tree.

VOC substance function to restrain bugs and dangerous predator, as stress respond and attract pollinators. As for VOC anthropogenic source, it is coming from densely populated area and industrial district. Natural source may gives 88% of total VOC emission and anthropogenic source gives 12%. Although natural sources give more VOC emission, it is VOS emission that necessary to be pushed.

Production of Photochemical Oxidants (Illustrative)

Photochemical Oxidants

NOx

VOC

Transportation

Hazardous Substance

Industrial and machine

VOC anthropogenic source

VOC natural source

VOC substance is primary component to fabricate tropospheric ozone (harmful to human). This substance is one of component which form smog (smoke gas) with help of sunlight.

VOCs from carpeting, draperies, furniture upholstery, paint and varnishes

Animal hair and dander

Combus- Vegetation tion

Air-Conditioners circulate air within the room, and does not ventilate and freshen air, eliminate pathogens or effectively deal with localised circulation of pollution

Smog may cause vision derivation, bugging human health, and damage vegetation. While VOC exposure to human may lowering respiration system activities, eyes, nose and throat irritation, nerves system functional loss, , kidney and liver damage. Some organic material were detected may cause cancer to animal. Several disease that caused by VOCs exposure are fatigue, headache, skin allergic, dizzy, chlorinesterase serum level reduction, and emesis.

How to prevent or reduce indoor VOC pollution?

VOCs from cleaning products and insecticides

VOCs from electronic equipment

Air Quality at Home (source: www.precisionnutrition.com)

Limit the usage or avoid any product contain benzene and methylene chloride (paint, thinner, and aerosol paint-spray) Follow instruction displayed on product label Dispose the tin of used chemical More room ventilation More plants to purify air (broadleaf lady palm, lily turf, peace lily, spider plant, red-edged dracaena, and english ivy)

17

h i g h li ght

AQMS:

Singapore Suffers From Air Pollution Marina Bay covered by smog haze in June 2013 ago. This smog haze was from Indonesia due to forest fires in Riau.

Singapore air condition covered smog is the worst air condition during the last 16 years. (photo: www.zimbio.com)

GET THE BETTER AIR QUALITY Air is basic human necessity. Without air, human cannot survive. Human can always get air for free from environment. Unfortunately, not many people knows about the quality of the air they always inhale. These days, a system called AQMS is used to monitor air quality.

By: Siti Nur’anisah TL 2011

A

QMS (Air Quality Monitoring System) was created due to increasing of motored vehicle and industry in number,

which cause air pollution. On top of that, earned air quality data can be materials to create appropriate monitoring system and air pollution control.

London Air Quality Monitoring Station One station tool to determine the air quality in the City of London, located in the highway area, which is in Shaftesbury Avenue. The function of this tool is to know the pollution generated from the transportation sector. (photo: www.geograph.org.uk)

Air quality monitoring system can be done in two ways: Continuous Monitoring System This system done continuously, 24/7. From this monitoring result, we may find out air quality from sample collecting location.

A

Non – Continuous Monitoring System B This system done continuously in particular

period, usually 1 times per year.

18

ISPU di Riau ISPU (Air Pollution Index) is a tool used to know the air quality in the city, seen from several parameters. The air condition in Riau City had reached dangerous levels when smog occurred in March 2014. As a result, people were suggested to use a mask when doing outdoor activities. (photo: www.bertuahpos.com)

Bandung City

AQMS was adapted in several countries in Indonesia

Singapore

Singapore uses Telemetric Air Quality Monitoring & Management System for air quality monitoring. Singapore starts air monitoring system in 1972. Singapore divided into 4 district for this air monitoring system, which are industrial, urban, pre-urban, and highway district. Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) is used for reporting air quality concentration, which done routinely.

From year to year, Singapore never had problem in their air quality management. This was proved by result from PSI.

Air quality monitoring in Bandung City was begin since 1999 with Continuous Monitoring System, which held by Ministry of Environment. In 2004, technical flaw occured in data transmission, causing AQMS program stalled. Air quality monitoring program started again in 2007, held by BPLHD (Local Environmental Management Agency). Until 2014, Bandung city already has 5 air quality monitoring location.

Palembang City

AQMS in Palembang city begins in 2011 using Continue Emission Monitoring (CEM). In 2012, Palembang city receive support from Ministry of Environment in form of Mobile Air Monitoring Station, and used for monitoring air quality on 16 spots, spread all around Palembang City.

Bali Island

Air quality monitoring in Denpasar begins since 1998. Sampling location spread randomly on 27 spots, operated daily 24/7.

London

Air quality in London City has been long monitored, started since 1960. Air quality monitoring in London uses Continuous Monitoring System and spreaded on 100 different locations in London. Until now, London succeed in making fine air quality in the town. This was shown by low concentration level of the pollutant which cause air pollution. Result of London air quality monitoring is reported on annual report and accessible by community through London Air Quality Network.

Not only Indonesia, other countries also have their own air quality monitoring system

Jepang

To cope with air pollution which appear caused by industrial development, Japan government built air quality monitoring stasion in Tokyo, Osaka, and Amagasaki in 1960. Air quality monitoring system done by Japan is Continuous Monitoring System.

19

en vi r o a t a g l a n ce

Our Forest By: Dynta Trishana, S.T. TL 2009

is on Fire

Despite being blessed by God to be a country with the second largest tropical forest area in the world, Indonesia is still incapable to prevent forest fire incident effectively. We can still vividly recall the Riau forest fires incident back in February 2014, where approximately over 20,000 hectares of land was burned to the ground. It resulted in the change of Riau air quality status to be classified as dangerous according to the index of air pollution standard in only a matter of months. Furthermore, there were 30,209 people contracted with respiratory infection during the incident.

(BPNB Data, 2014)

F

orest fire causes air pollution which is hard to control. Smoke from forest fire consists of several gas components and particles, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulphure dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO2) and ash particles. These components and particles can give bad impacts on human health and air quality. Every year the number of respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, asthma, and irritation patients are increasing as a result of air pollution exposure.

There was a drastic increase on the number of victims affected by respiratory tract infection during the Riau forest fire incident back in February 2014. There were up to 172% number of cases recorded in a span of one month (BPNB data, 2014). Forest fire is also regarded as potential factor in the increase of green house gas emission in the atmosphere. This leads to the earth temperature increase or also known as global warming. Forest and peat land have an important role as carbon sinks or a place to absorb excess CO2 gas in the atmosphere. Therefore, forest ecosystem exploitation that leads to forest fire triggers the increase of carbon emission and pollution annually.

20

Aside from health sector forest fire also affects ecology sector. The decrease of the quality and quantity of natural resources and the endangerment of wild animals population are also increasingly worrying.

Thick smoke coming from forest fire also affects the decrease in working productivity, which can cause bad impacts to the economy of our country. Bappenas (Ministry of National Development Planning Agency) estimated the loss from the burned down of 4.5 million hectares of forest and land during El Nino 1997/1998 (long drought) reached 9.2 billion US dollars. Not only can it affect the economy and ecology sector, but also the transportation and international relation sector if the haze affects neighboring countries.

It can ruins our nation reputation.

Satellite image of Riau forest fire incident February 2014 (picture: www.terra-image.com)

23 September 2013 Aceh Province West Aceh Regency Johan Pahlawan District + 4 Ha of peat land was burned

18 Februari 2014 Riau Province Bengkalis Regency Indragiri Hulu Regency Kampar Regency Kuansing Regency Pelalawan Regency Siak Regency + 20.000 Ha of peat forest and land was 3 Oktober 2013 burned East Java Province Merbabu Dukuh Kajor Mountain National Park Boyolali Regency 27 Agustus 2013 + 150 Ha of peat land was burned Riau Province forest area and peat land were burned Repiratory tract infection : 15,346 people Pneumonia : 943 people Ashtma : 974 people 25 September 2013 Eye irritation : 888 people Central Kalimantan Province Skin irritation : 998 people Jekan Raya district Palangkaraya City + 2 Ha of peat land was burned

23 Oktober 2013 South Sulawesi Province Sawah Mountain East Luwu Regency Forest area and plantation 24 September 2013 South Kalimantan Province Banjar Baru City Banjar Regency + 100 Ha forest, peat land and farming land were burned

DATA OF FOREST AND LAND FIRE IN INDONESIA 2013 - 2014 data source: BNBP

Forest fire disaster has happened multiple times in Indonesia. However, it is still not a popular issue in this country. There are many factors that contribute to the occurring of forest and peat land fire. The majority of Indonesian forest is in tropical forest category, which makes it impossible for it to start fire on its own. The area that is on fire is area that has been cleared out (land clearing) as a part of the process to plantation building preparation.

Land clearing using the burning method is seen as an economical method. Moreover, the government provides opportunity for entrepreneurs to convert land into monoculture plantation such as palm, which will eventually take over Indonesia forest position or replaces Indonesian forest land. In the Riau case, the police have identified several suspects including individual and companies.

Forest fire suppression in Indonesia is done by fighting fire with water through land as well as air, water booming and creating artificial rain. However, the efficacy from those fire suppression methods still depend on factors such as, weather, total area, and the number of fire origin. In order to prevent forest fire, Indonesian government has made several laws such as forest protection law, mapping areas that are prone to fire and building a watchtower.

However, prevention to forest fire is still not effective as the result from the lack of dedication from government and society support in acknowledging the importance of forest conservation itself. Forest fire, which happens annually, reflects the minimum level of law enforcement and the weak forest and land management law in Indonesia. Awareness is not sufficient to revitalize Indonesian forest without real involvement from each person. The sustainability of Indonesian forest is our responsibility as a nation. The distance of where we live from the forest cannot be used as an excuse to not care. We can at least choose to maintain environmentally friendly habits. We can be pioneers in innovation, who highly value conservation and contribute in a mission to rescue Indonesian forest.

21

e nvi r o g l a n ce

Air Pollution from Volcanic Eruption

is a country with the most number of active volcanoes. “ Indonesia This can be a potential source of air pollution when there is a volcanic eruption �

Photo: iberita.com

V

olcanic eruption phenomena is one of the most common natural disasters in countries, which have active volcanoes, one of them is Indonesia. Indonesia is located in the meeting point of three plates; they are Eurasian plate, Indo Australian plate, and Pacific plate. As a consequence, there is a series of volcanoes surrounding regions in Indonesia. One of them is Mount Merapi and it is located in Yogyakarta. It erupted

22

By: Annisa Rizky Safitri TL 2012

around October 2010. It is considered as one of the most active volcanoes in the world.

Its eruption caused devastation in area surrounding its crater and air pollution. Material that came out from Mount Merapi were volcanic ash, which reached up to 150 million m3 with high silica concentration and gases alike such as H2O, CO2, CO, NO2 and H2S. Volcanic ash and those gases could be found in the air in surrounding areas of Merapi.

Volcanic ash is very dangerous for human. If volcanic ash concentration in the air is too high, it can result in irritation of respiratory tract, which includes symptoms such as coughing and sneezing. While for asthma patients, there is a big possibility of higher asthma attack occurrence for a period of time. For long term, volcanic ash with high silica concentration will accumulate in lungs and causes serious respiratory for illness for instance silicosis (accumulation of silica concentrated dust in lungs). Gases such as H2O, CO2, CO, NO2, H2S, and SO2 are commonly spewed out when a volcano erupts. However, the gases that become parameters are SO2 and CO2.

when it is inhaled. Aside from that, SO2 gas can also cause skin irritation.

High concentration of CO2 gas in an area can be lethal. Moreover, CO2 gas contributes to global warming; it is a gas that can cause green house effect. Therefore, volcanic eruption can be classified as natural air pollution, which is able to cause the increase of global warming effect.

SO2 gas easily reacts with air in the atmosphere, as a result it will create poisonous gas and it can cause volcanic fog, which is deadly for living things

Photo: tjaturnugroho.blogspot.com

23

li f e st yle

PUBLIC OR PERSONAL

TRANSPORTATION?

24

Bandung Traffic Jam photo by : Agung Kusumawardhana

‘‘

The fact that emission accumulation is produced mainly by private vehicle is a bad news for our environment. However, public transport in Indonesia has not yet fulfilled the standard for comfort and safety. This comes back to each of us, as the one who knows our needs

By: Syahbaniati Putri TL 2010

‘‘

t

Most people in society view private vehicle such as cars or motorcycles as must have items. People work harder not only to

Significant advancement started following the invention of wheels. Since then transportation technology has continuously developed with the invention of boats, ships, bicycle and steam car. After Industrialization period technological advancement in transportation has progressed rapidly with the application of steam engines in vehicles.

Source of power for vehicles was replaced from steam power to fuel. Nowadays, both public and private transportation have become basic necessity because they help to connect one place to another despite being thousands of kilometers apart.

Sometimes we forget that efficiency offered by private vehicles can also be gained from public transport. Public transport comes in various forms; it depends on the need and the distance that one must travel. For in city travel we can ride a bus or public car, while for longer distances we can use train, bus ships, or airplane. Aside from offering the same efficiency as private vehicle, that is to take you to your destination, public mode of transport also offer other advantage which is fundamental for people life. This is related to maintain the environment sustainability.

he movement of people from one place to another has happened since the Paleolithic era, which is characterized by constant movement way of living or nomadic. During that era human travels long distances by foot. That simplest method of movement became the steppingstone to mark the beginning of transportation modes technology evolution.

fulfill their basic necessities, but also to own private vehicles. They think having their own vehicles can give them efficiency and ease in conducting their work. This can result to higher expenses that private vehicles owner must spend for both the fuel and maintenance of their vehicles.

The usage of fuel as source of energy always has something to do with emission that can decrease the ambient air quality. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, NOx, SOx, Pb, particulate, and other dangerous gases from emission cause this. As an illustration, from every 5 litre of fuel for for a car, 15 kilogram of carbon dioxide gas will be produced.

Imagine how much gas emission produced from all vehicles in a city every day?

Emisi kendaraan telah menjadi isu penting di berbagai negara (picture: fuelandfriction.com)

25

City population growth has reached 4% per year (higher than national population growth, approximately 1.8%), which has caused the increase volume of private vehicles roaming the streets every day. This contributes to the increase in emission and traffic jam. Traffic congestion also impacts

emission because cars in stopping condition with the engine running produce more emission compare to cars that are in motion.

Kita dapat membantu mengurai tali kusut ini dengan menggunakan transportasi publik.

EMISSION

*average in Jakarta

Nowadays, government in many areas is intensively conducting renewal in transportation. Transjakarta bus is an example of Jakarta government effort to tackle the traffic jam issue, which lead to the hope to increase ambient air quality. The other local governments follow the example from capital city by building similar mode of transportation, for instance Trans Metro Bandung, Ridwan Kamil appoints certain days as free-of-charge days for students to ride on a Damri Bus. Nonetheless, private vehicle use is still high if we look at the current transportation system condition. The high crime rate in public transport and the issue of comfort makes people think twice before using public transport. This should be our homework, how government monitors the transportation system, provides comfort, and safety also maintains the infrastructure in order to ensure that we can enjoy the benefits.

Choosing to use public mode of transport is a wise decision. However, if you are a person who doubts the comfort and safety of public transport, please use private vehicle wisely. Check the quality of your vehicle emission in timely manner or use environmentally friendly vehicles such as bicycle. It is healthy, cheap and the best solution for reducing motor vehicle emission. Happy travelling!

Public transportation, or too public? (picture: moovit.co.il)

26

ar ound the wor ld

THE MOST POLLUTED CITIES

AND cleanest cities in the world Air is one of the most fundamental elements, which influence life on earth. Excessive air pollution can cause air content changes, which may lead to ecosystem disturbance. Moreover it can affect our climate.

According to WHO Air Quality Global Update 2005, there is an air quality guidelines which is applied in various countries with particulate matter (pm), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and sulphur dioxide (SO2) as parameters. From research and survey conducted by WHO in accordance with the guidelines mentioned above resulted in a list of cities with the best and the worst air quality. They are as follows:

By: Ricky Alamsyah TL 2012

27

CITIES WITH THE BEST AIR QUALITY

City with total area of 10.22 km2 is a natural city with many old artsy buildings. There are green trees on the side of the roads.

People who are living in the outskirt of town tend to walk in doing their daily activities. Trans Canada Highway program in this town also reduce the amount of private vehicle use, which makes the roads free of traffic congestion, and there is a very low concentration of smoke from motor vehicle

Langley, Canada, USA

photo: http://en.wikipedia.org

Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA The capital of New Mexico has the cleanest air in the United States of America, with a low level of ozone. It is located in an area with 1.5 million hectare of forest. This city has strict rules to limit wood burning in open area.

Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Honolulu is located about 2000 miles from the United States of America soil. It contains very little amount of particles from coal burning. The Diamond Head and the head of Koko crater is nearby and this city has low ozone level and particular matter and often rains. A transit system is designed with dedicated bus also helps reduce motor vehicle emission.

28

CITIES WITH THE WORST AIR QUALITY Harvard International Review conducted a research and concluded that two out of five people from the 13.8 million people in this city contracted respiratory diseases. This report said that the main reason behind it is the pollution in New Delhi which comes form motor vehicle exhaust and road dust.

Delhi, India photo: http://asankhaya.blogspot.com

Beijing, China Beijing air quality has reached such bad condition that the city was recently surrounded by dangerous haze. This city is also rated as the city with highest concentration of SO2 from year 2000 up until 2005 and rated as the third city with the highest concentration of NO2 after Sao Paulo and Mexico City.

Pollution level became worse as the as the amount of motor vehicles increased in 2008.

Mexico City, Meksiko, USA According to researchers from University of Salzburg, Mexico City has high concentration of almost every dangerous air pollutants including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide. The worst problem this city is facing is the enormous of haze cloud hovering above over the city. According to WHO, Mexico City has the highest ground-level ozone in the world.

29

Based on Ambient Air Pollution (AAP) from WHO, databases Update 2004 about annual city air quality with PM2.5* and PM10* as parameters. From 1600 cities in 91 countries, the city with the worst air quality was Delhi, India, with annual mean PM10 of 286 µg/m3 annual mean and of PM2.5 of 153 µg/m3 annual mean, whereas the city with the best air quality was Langley, Canada, with PM10 of 10 µg/m3 annual mean and PM2.5 of 4 µg/m3 annual mean.

There was a far and significant difference between the two cities. Factor that affects the PM concentration of them are people daily activities, which cause air pollution especially industrial processes and emission from transportation.

Jakarta City (photo: http://stillmeliapurwati.blogspot.com)

Then what about cities in Indonesia? From similar source data for Jakarta, Indonesia was obtained. Jakarta has annual mean PM10 of 48 µg/m3 annual mean and annual mean PM2.5 of 21 µg/m3 annual mean. Those numbers exceed the WHO Air Quality Guidelines. It claimed that minimum value of PM2.5 is 10 µg/m3 annual mean or 25 µg/m3 24-hour mean and PM10 of 20 µg/m3 annual mean or 50 µg/m3 24-hour mean. This is not surprising given the high industrial activities and the amount of motor vehicle in our capital city. photo:http://unsplash.com

Emission from transportation is one of the source of air pollution caused by human activity

"Because normal human activity is worse for nature than the greatest nuclear accident in history."

-Martin Cruz Smith *PM2.5: particle size less than 2.5 micrometer *PM10: particle size less than 10 micrometer

30

Pol l ut i oni sver yc l os eandar oundourdai l yl i f e, butdoy ouknowt hatt opr eventt hepol l ut i oni sal s oc l os eand eas yt odo

T hepr obl em ofa i rpol l ut i on i snotanewi s s ue.

I n1952, t heGr ea tS mogof L ondonha sk i l l eda bout8000 peopl e.

Onebusc a nc a r r ypa s s enger s whoc a ndr i v e40c a r s .

T hi si ndi c a t est ha tt hebusi s t heeffec t i v ev ehi c l et or educ e t henumberofmot orv ehi c l es .

I ndoora i rpol l ut i oni s25 t i mesmor eda nger oust ha n out doora i rpol l ut i on.

T hebes twa yof r educ i nga i rpol l ut i on pr obl em bywa l k i ng a ndr i deabi c y c l e.

Pol l ut i ont ha t oc c ur edout s i de t hec a ra sl ong a shea v yt r a ffic j a mc oul d i nfil t r a t e i ns i det hec a r

Ai rpol l ut i ont ha toc c ur edi nChi nac a us ed a i rpol l ut i oni nCent r a l Va l l eyofCa l i f or ni a .

t ha t10t i mes mor epol l ut edt ha n a t mos pher e a tnor ma l c ondi t i on

31

phot ogr aphy

For es t ,TheLungsofTheWor l d

phot ogr aphy

gr een. yel l ow.

BLACK

Cot t onCandyi nt heBor neoSky Yuni kiMedi ayat i

re s e a r c h/ t echn ol o gy

clean

fuel

There is a need to renew Indonesia clean air requirement to ensure its public health. This time we will talk about its fuel. Clean fuel is one of the answers to resolve this issue.

By: Amrini Amalia Shafdar TL 2011

36

WHY CLEAN FUEL? Below are several reason why clean fuel needs to be developed: In general clean fuel produces less vehicular emission, which contributes to smog, air pollution and global warming.

Most alternative fuel does not come from fossil fuel, which is limited resource.

Alternative fuel can help our country to fulfill energy demand independently.

ALTERNATIVE FUEL There are six most potential alternative fuels. Some of them have been used widely while others are not yet available everywhere.

1

Ethanol

Ethanol is alcohol based alternative energy, which can be produced from organic materials and has high octant number and low emission. A regulation from government has planned about ethanol mixing up to 5% in Indonesia. However, ethanol price is still relatively high compare to gasoline. Therefore, oil-processing technology is more developed than ethanol processing. Ethanol as alternative fuel has captured the most attention from the world. Research to increase fuel efficiency has been done rigorously by several fuel producers and also by university students. .

2

NATURAL GAS

In Indonesia we know natural gas as BBG (Bahan Bakar Gas). Natural gas is an alternative to fuel aside from gasoline or solar. It is available in many countries through various facilities that provide natural gas.

Natural gas is made by compressing methane (CH4), which is extracted from natural gas. This fuel is considered as clean compare to fossil fuel because its emission is environmentally friendly. BBG makes operational cost cheaper and cleaner compare to using fossil fuel. Unfortunately, the conversion technology is available, but up until now the operational is still stunted.

3

ELECTRICITY/ FUEL CELL

Fuel cell is electrochemistry cell, which is able to convert fuel to electricity.

Electricity can be used as alternative energy, for instance by using batteries. Electric vehicles gain energy from batteries that can be recharged using standard electricity sources.

This fuel produces energy without combustion or pollution. However, some of this fuel sources still come from coal and produce carbon dioxide.

Component fuel cell car (picture: http://upload. wikimedia.org)

4

BIODIESEL

5

P-Series / flexible fuel

P-Series is a combination of ethanol, liquefied natural gas, and methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF). P-Series is clean fuel that has high octant number. The usage is very easy if mixing is needed without any other technological processes. However, until now there is no vehicle producer that make vehicle with flexible fuel therefore this fuel is not widely used.

6

Methanol

Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, can be used as alternative fuel for vehicles that are designed for M85 fuel, which is a mix of 85% methanol and 15% gasoline.

However, many car companies are no longer producing vehicle with engines fueled by methanol because in the USA, it gains less attention than ethanol fuel. Support for ethanol fuel made of corn gives political benefits.

One of the buses which uses biodiesel fuel from soy bean (picture: http://upload.wikimedia. org)

Biodiesel is renewable alternative energy, which is made from vegetable oil or animal fat, one of its material is used cooking oil from restaurants. Biodiesel is widely used because it is safe, biodegradable, and can reduce air pollution. Nowadays, vehicle engine can be converted to use biodiesel in its pure form(B100), although biodiesel can also be mixed with conventional diesel to be used on unmodified engine with ration of 2%(B2), 5%(B5), or 20%(B20).

37

pr o f i l

LECTURER PROFILE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ITB

puji lestari, ph.d

PROFILE Name : Puji Lestari, Ph.D Place and date of birth : Sragen, 27 Mei 1960 Address : Komp. Setra Duta, Blok K5/29, Bandung 40151 Email : pujilest@indo.net.id Education history : (1986) Chemical Engineering Major of Gajah Mada University; (1996) Air Pollution Major of Illinois Institute of Technology USA

“Most of the air pollutions are caused by the vehicle’s waste. The composition of polluted air is very dangerous for human health.”

38

P

uji Lestari, Ph.D. is one of the lecturer of Environmental Engineering Major in ITB. Her past studies are quite different compared to her current field. She switched from chemical engineering to environmental engineering due her interest for environmental issues and the insufficient number of environmental experts, especially air pollution in Indonesia. She has been giving lectures in ITB for 15 years.

Many air pollution related activities had been done during her studies in environmental engineering including international seminars, researches on air pollutants, and participation in Indonesia’s rule making of air emision standards. In internatinal seminars, she often attend as invited speaker. Researches are done to determine the characteristic, source, effect, and distribution of the air pollutant.

What can be used to overcome air pollution issues?

Technology and regulations can be used to overcome air pollution issues. Technology that can be used includes: wet scrubber, cyclone etc. In addition of technology, regulations of air emission standards can also be used. This regulation is based on human activities such as industry and transportation, pollutant that generated, and its impact on human health.

What is the main source of air pollution nowadays?

Motor vehicle emissions is the most highlighted problem from her perspective.

According to her, the proportion of motor vehicle emissions dominate any other pollutant that may contaminate the air.

Substances contained in polluted air are extremely dangerous. advanced technologies and infrastructures come alongside the increase of fossil-fueled vehicles. The more vehicles exist, more traffic jam happen. With more travel time to be needed, it means the increase of air pollution risk. Many attempts has been done to minimize air pollution. Lead is prohibited in fossil fuel. Furthermore, public transportations are more intensified to persuade people to switch from personal to public transportation. The regulations for ambient air quality and air emission standards are enacted. These rules are not only valid for vehicles but also for industries. Moreover, systems for air waste treatments in industries have been applied.

Who has the role to address air pollution issues?

Not only government, the society needs to be involved to overcome air pollution problems. They can start with obeying traffic rules and choosing public transportation.

Counseling can be given to increase public awareness of environmental issues so they can see air pollution as a threat for their health and environment.

39

C A R B O N C A P T U R E a n d S T O R A G E

r es ear ch / t ech nol ogy

By: MochamadAdiSept i ono TL2010

c

ar bondi ox i dei st hemos twi del y gener at egasf r om humanac t i v i t i es .

Thes our c esofCO2ar ef r om s ec t orof t r ans por t at i on, ener gy , i ndus t r y , domes t i c , et c .

Ef f i c i enc yofener gyus eandener gyc ons er v at i on ar et he ex ampl es ofmany t hi ngst hatc anbedonet omi ni mi z et he emi s s i on ofc ar bon di ox i de i n at mos pher e.Anot herc onc eptt hatc an be us edi swi t hc ar bonc apt ur eands t or age or of t en c al l ed c ar bon c apt ur e and s eques t r at i on.

Car bonCapt ur eandS t or age( CCS)i sa c apt ur e of c ar bonc ont ai ni ng gas ( us ual l yCO2)f r om t hec ombus t i onofoi l f uel ,el ec t r i c i t y gener at or ,and ot her s our c es i n i ndus t r i al pr oc es s . The c onc epti st os epar at eCO2f r om ot her gasemi s s i onsand t r ans f eri tt os ome k i nd ofc ompar t mentwhi c hs epar at e CO2f r om at mos pher ewi t hi nac er t ai n per i odoft i me.

TheSour cesofCO2 El ect r i ci t y Tr ansport at i on I ndust ry Commer ci al Theot her s ( combust i on ofoi lf uel )

Phot o:ht t p: / / f l i c kr . c om

The pot ent i als our c es ofCO2 t hatc an pr obabl ybeus edar eel ec t r i c i t ygener at or , emi s s i on of i ndus t r i al pr oc es s and hy dr ogen bas ed f uel .Ther e ar es ev er al way st oc apt ur eCO2f r om t hes our c eof emi s s i on.One oft hem i st o us el i qui d s ol v entwhi c hc ant r aponl yCO2.

Theot her wayi st o per f or m c ompl et ec ombus t i on wi t h appr opr i at e or ex c es s amount of ox y genwhi c hl eadst ot heCO2pr oduc t i on.

Thi spr oc es si ss ui t abl ef orc oal c ombus t i on whos eemi s s i onsar er i c hofc ar bon.

Theot herpot ent i alCO2s t or agec ompar t menti st heoc ean.

Di s s ol v edphas eofCO2i s i nj ec t edi nt ot heoc ean, f or mi nga" CO2l ak e " beneat ht heoc ean.Theheav i erwei ghtof CO2s ol ut i ont hans eawat erwon' tc aus et hi s s ol ut i on" f l y "t ot hes eal ev el .

Af t ert hec apt ur eofCO2f r om i t ss our c e, t hegasi ss t or edi nagi gant i cc ompar t ment t hatc ans epar at ei tf r om t heat mos pher e f ors omet i me.Thec ompar t mentc an be ei t heranunder gr oundgeol ogi c all ay er sor i nt he dept hsoft he oc ean at5003000 met er s .

CO2s t or agec anbec ombi nedwi t h enhanc edoi lr ec ov er yef f or t swi t ht hegas i nj ec t i onwi t hi nanunder gr oundgeol ogi c al l ay er swhi c hi st het ec hni cf ori nc r eas i ng t heamountofc r udeoi lex t r ac t i onf r om oi l wel l s .CO2s t or ageal s oc anbeappl i edi n unus edmi nel andswhi c hc anbeus edf or t her ec ov er yofCoalBedMet hane( CBM) .

Howev er ,CCSi sal s ohass omedr awbac k s .

Ther ei sar i s koff r ac t ur ei ngeol ogi c all ay er s t hatc anl eadt omas s i v eCO2l eak age.

CCSi s al s opr edi c t edt obeas hor t t er m CO2r educ t i onc onc ept .S t i l l ,c ons er v at i onandener gy ef f i c i enc yar et hemos tef f ec t i v ec onc eptf or l ongt er m CO2c ont r ol .

Manybenef i t sc anbegai nedf r om CCS.We c anr eus et hear eat hatdoes n' thav emuc h ec onomi c alas pec t sandi nc r eas eoi lpr oduc t i on wi t h enhanc ed oi lr ec ov er ys y s t em at t hes amet i me.

r ecommen dat i on

D L R O W O G E L M O R F R O I V A ES H T

E

mmet( Chr i sPr at t )i san or di nar y mani nl egowor l d.

Oneday , Emmet meta gi r lnamed L uc y( El i z abet h Bank s ) .She s ai dt hat Emmet was a pr ec i ousmant hatc oul ds av et hewor l d.

Then,s het ookhi mt omeetpeopl ewi t h s uperpower ,s omeoft hem wer eBat man ( Wi l l Ar net t ) and Vi t r uv i us ( Mor gan F r eeman) .Buti tt ur nedoutt hatt heyhad mi s under s t ood.Emmeti snott he one t hey ' r el ook i ngf ort oc ombatt heev i l .

The hi l ar i ousadv ent ur e ofEmmetand t he her oesbegi n.

Coul dEmmets av et hel ego wor l d?

Thi si nt er nat i onalmov i ewasr el eas edby War nerBr osPi c t ur eson7F ebr uar y2014 and di r ec t ed by Phi lL or d and Chr i s Mi l l er .

L egoTheMov i ehasr ec ei v edmany good r es pons es f r om f i l m c r i t i c si n Eur ope,USA ev en wor l dwi de.I tc an be s een f r om onl i ne r at i ng,i mdb. c om.I t s c or es8poi ntoutof10andi sc ons i der ed ast hebes tani mat i onmov i ei n2014.

Theor i gi nal s oundt r ac koft hi smov i ewas c ompos edbyMar kMot her s baugh,who pr ev i ous l ywor k edwi t hL or dandMi l l eri n ‘ Cl oudywi t haChanc eofMeat bal l s ’and ‘ 21J umpS t r eet ’ .Oneoft hes oundt r ac k t hatbec ameat r ademar kf ort hi smov i ei s ‘ Ev er y t hi ng I sAwes ome! ’byT egan and Sar a who wasper f or mi ng ‘ The L onel y I s l and’andwaswr i t t enbyShawnPat t er s on( ElTi gr e:TheAdv ent ur esofManny Ri v er aandRobotChi c k en) .

Thi ss onghad beenus edf ormov i emar k et i ngc ampai gn and wasr el eas ed on 4 F ebr uar y 2014 t hr oughWat erT owerMus i c .

As i def r om goodani mat i onqual i t y ,L ego t heMov i ehasi ns pi r edpeopl ei near t h.

Emmet ,whowasc ons i der edasor di nar y man c oul d gi v ehi sbes tt ot hepeopl e ar ound hi m.Ev en t hough manypeopl e doubt ed hi sc apabi l i t y ,he c oul d pr ov e t hati nt egr i t y and s i nc er i t y ar e al ly ou needt oov er c omeanyobs t ac l e.

So, c oul d webec omeEmmetwhowasabl et obr i ng hi swor l di nt oabet t erpl ac e?

tips

THE ENVIRON-MAN HEROES OF THE EARTH WHO COMBAT AIR POLLUTION.

1

It's time to start from yourself. Being a hero could be from many aspect. And the most important thing is, DO IT NOW.

USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Do you know that vehicles are the main cause of air pollution?

That’s right, the excessive amount of private vehicle generates excessive air pollutant too. So the usage of public transportation is the solution of air pollution reduction in our earth.

STOP USING AIR CONDITIONER The accumulation of a substance named freon which is contained in AC become the beginning of ozone destruction which can trigger global warming. This phenomenon has direct impact on the poor air quality. The stuffy feeling in urban area is one of the real example of poor air quality.

3

PLANT THE TREE Do you know that one tree could convert 80%-90% pollutant substances into oxygen? Yes, nowadays tree planting is the effective way to refresh this overheat earth. As human who wants to maintain a good air quality, tree planting is a preventive way that can be done.

APPLICATION OF ECO-LIFESTYLE Eco-lifestyle has become an important thing in this modern era. The development of technology and science made human neglects their environment. There are many simple ways to apply eco-lifestyle such as waste disposal in appropriate place, efficient electricity usage as well as the water.

5 44

2

4

CYCLING Bike to work and bike to school has become a trend nowadays.

That’s right, this activity is a simple way for air pollution reduction.

People with the awareness of the importance to maintain the environmental quality would find cycling is a form of heroism.

There’s no need to be a superhero to become environ-man. With applying those 5 tips, you have become hero of our dear earth.

Let’s Go Green!

Surf The Net EXPLORE THE WEBSITE TO DISCOVER MORE ABOUT AIR POLLUTION

Human life will always rely on the environment. With polluted environment, our life will be disturbed. Therefore, human attention for the environment is needed. To increase our concern in air pollution issues, let’s check these websites:

www.cleanairmakemore.com As indonesian, we can apply Maricopa County’s efforts to combat air pollution. This site provide information regarding air quality, the standards and ways to reduce air pollution.

www.nrdc.org Want to keep up to date on environmental issues? www.nrdc.org provide information regarding environmental issues and act as media for people worldwide who want to take an action. NRDC is an environmental activist community with 1.4 million members and online activist.

www.apis.ac.uk APIS (Air Pollution Information System) is a website that provide information regarding air pollution such as pollutant that contained in contaminant, sources of air pollution and its impact on habitats and species. APIS had been developed by English conservation institution and Ecology and Hidrology Center.

45

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Environmental Engineering, as a part of engineering knowledge is field of study, learn about curative and preventive action, which can be done to save our environment, consist of water, ground, air, and environmental hygiene through engineering approach.

Environmental Engineering is motivated by comprehension means to protect environment from human activities. Also, to protect human health and safety from diseases and pollutant exposed in ground, water and air media through engineering approach. So, what will we study as environmental engineer candidate?

1. Drinking and Clean Water Engineering Environmental Engineer study about how to design Water Treatment Plant, involved process, and how to distribute water appropriate to community’s necessity.

6. Environmental Health and Toxicology This aspect contains elements: environment, diseases, outspread pathways, and how to measure toxicity level and its hazard level to environment.

2. Domestic Wastewater Engineering This aspect is a study about wastewater treatment unit’s process and design such as septic tank and Wastewater Treatment Plant. Plus, about drainage design which function as flood prevention.

7. Community Sanitation In this aspect, environmental engineer will study about how to provide sanitation and water infrastructure appropriate to community characters in specific area.

3. Industrial Wastewater Engineering This is a study about how to design Wastewater Treatment Plant for industries and about the process to do in the treatment. Therefore the wastewater quality may reach safe concentration to be discharged to environment.

4. Hazardous Waste Management Substances with harmful and toxic characteristic used in industries will be generated as waste which harmful to environment and human health as well. Environment Engineer study about how to handle those hazardous waste.

5. SOLID Waste Management Decent ways to manage domestic waste, from sorting at source to optimal landfill design, also will be studied in Environmental Engineering department.

46

8. Air Pollution Control and Management In this department, we study about air, from emission dispersion of industries’ stack, to measuring pollutant levels in a city. This aspect also study about how to design air pollution control device in order that pollutant from industries won’t soil environment.

9. Environmental Management In Environmental Management, will be studied case modeling related to environmental issues, environmental risk analysis from human activities, environmental management system application, occupational health and safety, etc.

10. Clean Technology In this topic, we study about 3R application in industry.

Not only reducing waste generation, clean technology may bring out other advantages, such as increasing production rate or decreasing raw material consumption.

ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE

ENGINEERING

NEW SIBLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

WHAT ARE RIL MISSIONS? What is the basic idea for the establishment of Envvironmental Infrastucture Engineering / RIL (Rekayasa Infrastruktur Lingkungan)?

1 2 3 4

The lack of support for the development of environmental infrastructure.

The urgent needs for engineering masters in clean water infrastructure and sanitation field to meet MDG target.

The needs for implementation of education program focusing on clean water infrastructure and sanitation.

Environmental engineering nowadays tends to plunge in the industrial world and it leads to the setback of community service. It streghtens the astablishment of RIL.

WHAT IS RIL’S VISION? RIL is a competitive, reliable and dignified major in environmental engineering focusing on clean water distribution and sanitation, in urban and rural area, and with other ITB’s majors bringing Indonesian society into a united, sovereign and prosperous nation.

Prepare reliable engineering graduates to deal with various human built envirnonment issues in urban and rural areas and combine them with the comprehension of environmental management.

Prepare graduate engineering personnel who are able to professionally solve engineering problems related to water supply and sanitation that exists inside or outside Indonesia.

Prepare experts and professionals who focus on the development of science and technology relevant to environmental issues, especially those relevant to the condition of Indonesia.

Prepare professionals focusing on water supply and sanitation to meet human needs and improve the performance of facilities and infrastructure in accordance with criteria standards.

WHAT IS THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND RIL? Environmental engineering program tends to prepare engineering graduates with competency in environmental pollutant control and industry as the main target market.

RIL (Environmental Infrastructure Engineering) tends to create engineering graduates with competency in drinking water, waste, and sanitation engineering and public utility related market as the main target.

47

ITB ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION “ Environmental Euphoria, is one of the programs outlined

by ITB Environmental Engineering Association. Through this program, we attempt to show environment-based lifestyle to community.“

i

TB Environmental Engineering Students Association (HMTL ITB) was founded simultaneously with ITB Sanitary Engineering on November 10th, 1962. As Sanitary Engineering changed name to Environmental Engineering, students association named ITB Sanitary Engineering Students Association also changes its name into ITB Environmental Engineering Students Association on November 10th, 1988.

HMTL as students organization, function as environmental engineer students’ “vessel” to work, study, and develop their potency in accordance with formal education in Environmental Engineering department. HMTL has symbol, in which have certain meaning related to environmental engineering wisdom. Kalpataru Tree on symbol means environment itself. Black-blood lines above and below the symbol means T (for engineering) and L (for environmental). Five lines on the left and right means five majors in environmental engineering, which are water, air, environmental management, health, and solid waste. Blue-colored waves means water. Ganesha image on bottom-left corner means ITB.

48

Every year HMTL has programs with environment theme. In this year’s (2014/2015) govern, one of the program is ECOPROJECT, which consist of competition, seminar and FGD (Focus Group Discussion), Village Partnership (Desa Mitra) along with exhibiton. Desa Mitra HMTL 2013 in previous year was done at Cimanggu Village (Cibayun), Ngamprah District, WestBandung Regency. This year Desa Mitra will be executed again with focus on giving water education to community. Every year Desa Mitra always striving to give knowledge about environmental engineering itself to community. The given knowledge were at least about things they may meet in their daily life, or even applicable.

Other than Desa Mitra, HMTL’s other program which also themed Environment is exhibiton.

This program is a little different than previous year, Envoria or Environmental Euphoria, which based on Environmental Engineering profession.

With Envoria, we try to show communities about environment-based lifestyle. As for the exhibition, different packaging will be brought out. There will be displayed environmental profession-based creation.

E

mer upa k a npr ogr a mk er j aHi mpuna nMa ha s i s wa T ek ni kL i ngk unga nt a hunk epengur us a n2 01 4/ 2 01 5y a ngt er di r i da r i 3ma t aa c a r a , y a i t u: SEMI NARDAN FOCUSGROUPDI SCUSSI ON F oc usGr oupDi s c us s i ony a ngdi l a k uk a nol ehma ha s i s waT ek ni k L i ngk unga nda r i ber ba ga i Uni v er s i t a sdi I ndones i adi ha r a pk a n a k a nmembent ukk es epa k a t a ns eba ga i l a ngk a hunt uki k ut s er t ada l a m menc a pa i t a r get1 00%a k s esa i rmi num, 0%k a wa s a nper muk i ma nk umuh, da n1 00%s a ni t a s i l a y a k .

Kes epa k a t a ny a ngt el a hdi s et uj ui a k a nmenj a di out putny a t ada r i k egi a t a n F GDi ni .

Semi na ry a ngdi l a k s a k a ngunamember i k a nwa wa s a nmengena i a i rber s i hda ns a ni t a s i na s i ona l di ha r a pk a nda pa tmeni ngk a t k a nk epedul i a nma s y a r a k a tumum t er ha da pi s ul i ngk unga n.

Di s emi na ri ni puna k a na dapr es ent a s i t ent a ngout putk es epa k a t a nma ha s i s waT ek ni kL i ngk unga nda r i F GDy a ngt el a hdi l a k s a na k a ns ebel um

Lombakaryatuli si lmi ah

L ombai ni di t uj uk a nk epa das i s wa s i s wi SMA/ MA/ s eder a j a ts eI ndones i ay a ngmemi l i k i s ol us i k r ea t i funt ukma s a l a ht er k a i t denga npeny edi a a na i rda ns a ni t a s i ber k el a nj ut a ndenga nmema nf a a t k a nt ek nol ogi t epa tguna .

Ka r y at ul i si l mi a hda pa tdi s us unol ehs a t uk el ompoky a ngt er di r i da r i pa l i ngba ny a k3or a ng, k emudi a nďŹ na l i sl ombaa k a ndi unda ngunt ukmempr es ent a s i k a nha s i l k a r y a ny a .

Des aMi trahmtli tb201 4 Des aMi t r ay a ngdi l a k s a na k a nol ehHi mpuna nMa ha s i s wa T ek ni kL i ngk unga nI TBs et i a pt a hunny amer upa k a nbent uk penga bdi a nma s y a r a k a ty a ngmenga pl i k a s i k a nk epr of es i a n t ek ni kl i ngk unga nunt ukmeny el es a i k a ns ebua hi s udi s ua t u des a .

Ada puni s uy a ngdi a ngk a tunt ukDes aMi t r ak a l i i ni a da l a h s ek i t a ra i rber s i h, s a ni t a s i , da nper s a mpa ha n.

ENVIRO

AVAILABLE AT

issuu.com/envirohmtlitb public place of ITB Library Cooperation

high school SMAN 1 Bandung SMAN 2 Bandung SMAN 3 Bandung SMAN 4 Bandung SMAN 5 Bandung SMAN 6 Bandung SMAN 8 Bandung SMAN 9 Bandung SMAN 20 Bandung SMA St. Aloysus SMA St. Angela SMA Darul Hikam SMAI Al Azhar 4 Bekasi SMA Marsudirini Bekasi SMAN 2 Tangerang Selatan SMAN 81 Jakarta SMAN 8 Jakarta SMAN 1 Denpasar SMAN 4 Denpasar

university

UNPAD UNISBA ITHB UNIKOM UNPAS MARANATHA UPI ITENAS UI BINUS UNIBRAW UNTAR UGM IPB UNSRI UNUND 18 university in other big cities

Pick up point Toko Coklat Ngopi Doeloe Warung Pasta Rumah Buku Omuniuum

ZoE

Pitimoss

Reading Lights Tree House

PRINTED BY

aa offset