Enviro ITB ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION PRESENTS:
the green guide
Not for sale
Enviro at a Glance: Environmental Issues in Indonesia Highlight: Desalination Waste to Energy Around the World: Renewable Energy in Other Countries FYI: Benefits of Human Waste
16th edition/2015
&
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
Disponsori oleh:
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN LINGKUNGAN INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
e ve nt s
INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ENERGY SUMMIT 2015
I
nternational Student Energy Summit or usually known as ISES is a global forum that discusses sustainable resource management and the role of students in developing future energy. This event was first held in Calgary, Canada in 2009 by a group of students at the Calgary University which has a simple idea to create a conference on energy by the students for the students. ISES 2009 then turned into a global movement that inspired 350 participant from 30 different countries and the experts in the field of energy to share their knowledge in order to develop the energy system and a sustainable future. Because of the success of this event, now ISES becomes a program which is regularly held every two years in various academic institutions
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around the world, providing facilities for students to come together and increase their interest in energy. ISES was held back in 2011 in Vancouver, Canada, and again in 2013 in Trondheim, Norway. This year, ISES is held in Bali, Indonesia with Institut Teknologi Bandung as the host and is headed by Hilman Syahri Fathoni (Geological Engineering). With the theme “Connecting the Unconnected” ISES 2015 wants to open horizons for all the elements so that we can think critically, and to provide a new perspective for evaluating the energy challenges that we’re facing in the world. This can be achieved by using a variety of multidisciplinary and cooperation of various stakeholders from individuals to the global community.
The ISES program is focused on three main pillars that are considered as the key issues of energy, that is Markets and Regulation, Global Energy Dynamics, and Technology & Innovation. The event was held from 10 to June 13, 2015 consisting of conferences, workshops, competitions of scientific papers, field trips and social activities. Such activities are summarized in the agenda, including Student Case Competition, Plenary Session, Parallel Session, Cultural Night, and Changemaker panel that can facilitate the participants to do a lot of discussion.
What’s interesting about the ISES event is the Student Case Competition, where the delegates will be challenged to study issues related to global energy, then collect the necessary ability and knowledge to solve them. The topics were diverse, ranging from Energy Access, Investment and Risk for Sustainable Energy Venture, Changing Trends in Fossil Fuel Markets, Sustainable Cities, and much more.
ISES 2015 was able to bring in famous speakers such as Sri Mulyani from the World Bank, Suleiman Jasir Al-Herbish (General Manager of OPEC Fund for International Development / OFID), Noeleen Heyzer (former Under-Secretary General for the United Nations), Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (former Maldives president), as well as many other well-known speakers from various fields. The participants of this event were about 800 delegates coming from 80 different countries and consists of undergraduate and graduate students. Hopefully this event will be able to bring the good name of Indonesia as well as forum for students to move together in the field of energy in order to realize a sustainable future.
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k i las l i n g k u n g a n
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
INDONESIA
T
he environment is a very important issue. At this time often discussion on the issue of environmental problems are set aside and used as the last resort of a policy. Until now, there are many environmental problems that exist in the world and gives a negative impact on the environment. The majority of the environmental problems are caused by the pollution caused by the irresponsible human behavior. Pollution can be defined as the entry or in-
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By: Ricky Alamsyah TL’12
troduction of living creatures, substances, energy and / or other components into the water, air or soil, so the quality of water, air or soil will be declined or no longer works in accordance with the allocation. Pollution can be categorized as follow:
1.
Water Pollution
Water pollution is a change of state in a water reservoirs like lakes, riv-
“The majority of environmental problems are caused by pollution due to the irresponsible human behavior.“
ers, oceans, and ground water due to human activities. Water pollution is a major problem that requires evaluation and revision of policies of water resources at all levels. Water pollution is a major role in deaths and diseases. shortage of water resources, a source of various diseases, damaging the ecosystem of the river, and harm the life of the fishers.
2.
Air Pollution
Air pollution can be defined as the presence of one or more physical, chemical, or biological substance in the atmosphere in a certain amount which can endanger the health of humans, animals, and plants, disrupting the aesthetics and comfort, or property damage. Some examples of
air pollution is acid rain which is the result of air pollutants such as SO2 and NO2 reacting with rainwater, and the greenhouse effect caused by the presence of CO2, CFCs, methane, ozone, and N2O in the troposphere. The impact of acid rain is affecting the quality of surface water, damaging the plant, dissolving the heavy metals contained in the soil thus affecting the quality of the groundwater and surface water, corrosive thus damaging the material and construction, while the impact of the greenhouse effect or global warming, among others; an increase in the average temperature of the earth, melting ice at the poles, regional and global climate change, changes in the life cycle of flora and fauna, and damaging the ozone layer. 15
3.
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Soil Pollution
Pollution of soil is a state in which man-made chemicals enter and change the natural soil environment. Contamination usually occurs due to leakage of liquid waste chemicals, industrial, or commercial facilities, the use of pesticides, the influx of ground water pollution to the subsurface, accidents of vehicles carrying oil, chemicals, or sewage, waste water from landfills and waste industry are directly discharged into the ground are not eligible. Soil pollution will give a negative impact on the ecosystems and agriculture in the form of declining crop yields.
In Indonesia alone, the types of environmental problems that exist today are; illegal logging, water pollution from industrial wastes and mining, air pollution in urban areas, smoke and haze from forest fires, destruction of coral reefs, hazardous waste disposal / radioactive from developed countries, landfills without sorting / processing, and acid rain as a result of air pollution. So, it is true we are facing a number of environmental issues that need to be addressed. Preserving the environment is a necessity that can not be postponed again and not just the responsibility of government or heads of state alone, but the responsibility of every human being on earth, from toddlers to seniors.
Without the pollution,
IN DO NES I A is beautiful
Ervisa Mahditiara
ALTA WIND ENERGY CENTER (AWEC)
FYI
California, Amerika Serikat biggest onshore wind “farm” in the world with power capacity of 1020MW
what is
RENEWABLE
ENERGY?
By: Yobel Novian Pura TL’13 (source: upload.wikimedia.org)
R
enewable energy source (RES) can be defined as a source of energy that can be restored or recovered quickly. For example, the energy from the combustion of biomass.As one of the oldest energy source in the world, biomass is very easy to get, and can be obtained quickly. But we need to remember that all biomass will produce green house gasses (such as CO2, NH3, NOx). To take advantage of the renewable energy, there needs to be an in-depth study in order to lower the emissions produced, to obtain maximum energy and to get the optimal costs. This concept is referred to as sustainability. To achieve suistainability we need to pay attention to several aspects of the so-called triple bottom line, consisting of:
1. 18
Social Aspect (People)
Able to meet the needs and provide welfare for the community.
2. 3.
Environmental Aspect (Planet)
Capable of maintaining the environmental balance.
Economical Aspect (Profit)
RES should contribute to the growth of the economy.
Based on the method of utilization, renewable energy can be divided into two types: direct Renewable Energy Source (RES) usage and indirect RES usage. Direct RES usage is a method of using an energy source directly without any energy conversion process (eg wind-/ watermill, geothermal heating). In contrast, indirect RES usage is a methhod of using energy sources with energy conversion process (eg, solar cell / photovoltaic cells). In general, the use of indirect RES usage methods are more widely used because it gives more ways to obtain energy. Some examples of these methods is the utilization of
industrial waste as an energy source, the utilization of microalgae as a biomass, etc. Here are the top 5 ranked utilization of renewable energy sources that are most widely used around the world in 2013:
1. HYDROPOWER
Hydropower is the most widely used technology as a renewable resource, with global capacity that exceeds 1,000GW. More than 16% of the net electricity production in the world and more than 65% of global power generation capacity from renewable sources comes from the hydropower. China has the highest capacity for hydroelectric power plant in the world which exceeds 22.5 GW, followed by Brazil, the United States, Canada and Russia. Hydroelectricity projects, however, became controversial in the recent years because of its impact on the environment and society.
4. BIO POWER
Biomass power plant is the fourth largest renewable resource after water, wind and sun. The net capacity of the world’s electricity production from biomass currently exceeds 83 GW. Traditional biomass derived from farm waste products which generate emissions of harmful greenhouse gases such as methane (CH3). The United States, Brazil, China, Germany, and Sweden currently host the biomass power plant in the world.
5. GEOTHERMAL POWER
In 2013, the power capacity of the geothermal power plant exceeded 11.7 GW, making it the fifth largest source of renewable energy for electricity generation. One-third of renewable energy provided by geothermal sources are used to generate electricity, while the remaining two-thirds are used for generating heat directly. The United States, Philippines, Indonesia, Mexico and Italy are the five biggest producers of geothermal electricity in the world.
2. WIND POWER
For Indonesia, all types of renewable energy sources can be put to good use because of the available natural resources. Indonesia has many rivers, lakes and sea for hydropower. Indonesia is also exposed to sunlight throughout the year to support solarpower. Bays and headlands in Indonesia has great potential as a source of windpower. The agricultural sector has the potential in the utilization of biopower, and is located along the Ring of Fire which has approximately 120 active volcanoes potential as geothermal power.
3. SOLAR POWER
Some examples of the use of renewable energy that has existed in Indonesia are geothermal power plants Kamojang, UBP Saguling, Limpet Wave Power, and Wind Power in Bantul. The Government of Indonesia has a national energy policy targets for 2025, namely a maximum of 20% petroleum, coal 33%, at least 30% natural gas, 17% renewable energy. Will we be able to achieve this target? Let us keep an eye on its development for the sake of Indonesia’s sustainable energy suistainable!
Wind is the second most widely used renewable energy source in the world. In 2013, the global capacity of wind power has exceeded 283 GW. China is the country with the largest installed capacity of wind power plants (> 75GW) and the United States ranks second (> 60GW) at the beginning of 2013. Together with the other countries such as Germany and Spain, they managed to reach more than 85% of the total production capacity of wind power in the world.
Global capacity of installed solar power plants amounted to more than 100 GW, making it the third-largest source of renewable electricity, with the technology of photovoltaic (PV) as the dominant source. The use of concentrating solar power (CSP) technology also increased and the global installed capacity is 2.5GW in the early 2013. Germany, Italy, China, the United States, and Japan has the largest capacity of solar PV technology in the world, while Spain is home to more than 75% of the global CSP capacity.
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INVANPAH SOLAR ELECTRIC GENERATING SYSTEM California, USA the largest solar power plant in the world with a capacity of 337MW
(source: solardesign.com) (source: google.com)
THE GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL FIELD California, USA the largest geothermal power plant in the world with capacity of 1517MW
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THE THREE YORGES Yichang, China (source: upload.wikimedia.org) (source: upload.wikimedia.org)
The world’s largest hydropower dam the Yangtze River with a power capacity of 22500MW
VASSA BIO-GASIFICATION PLANT Vassa, Finland The largest biogas power plant in the world which utilize wood residues to produce heat and electricity exceeds 140MW
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h i g h li g ht
DESALINAtion The growth of world population reaching 7 billion people is the one of the cause of the diminishing available natural resources, one of which is water. Although water can be constantly updated, the availability of clean water is a problem that is often found in large cities. The source of water is now experiencing a crisis of quantity and quality. The abundant quantity of sea water makes the developers interested in using it as raw water for clean water. Therefore, it is developing a technology that is able to convert sea water into fresh water through seawater desalination process.
By: Nadhira Afina TL’12
Desalination convert sea water, which contains various minerals, into fresh water containing only the minerals that the human body needs. Other contents in the water, such as salt, colloids, particles, and bacteria should be set aside so that the water meets the quality parameters suitable for consumption. Desalination has two types of technology, which are distillation and membrane. The distillation technology uses heat through the process of evaporation and condensation of sea water. The examples of distillation technology is a Multi-Stage Flash (MSF), Multi Effect Distillation (MED), and Thermal Vapor Compression (TVC). The principle of operation of the distillation technology is the water vapor pressure reduction by using a low temperature in the boiling process. Each chamber impact pressure and temperature are different so that the flowing water turns into water vapor and the rest of the mineral is the result of separation between the two. Desalination using synthetic membranes are divided by the ability to eliminate the contaminants in the raw water, ie Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis or RO. Provision is made according to the size of particles that wants to set aside, in which microfiltration has the largest diameter 22
holes and the RO has the smallest diameter hole. RO certainly eliminate most contaminants so that the production of RO water has a better quality than most other tools. In addition, reverse osmosis uses the principle of osmotic pressure. Liquids that can move from a low concentration to the high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Forcing the seawater desalination process to move from a high to a low concentration liquid using a pump that has a pressure exceeding the osmotic pressure. The process of desalination of sea water is different from the other water purification processes such as coagulation-flocculationsedimentation. The water quality from the desalination process has fulfill the water quality standard which means that the number of minerals in the sea water is reduced by 45 times. Even so, the costs incurred to build the desalination apparatus is much higher than the cost of other conventional water treatment. However, the initial investment cost is very high still considered small if wee look at the service life, which is 50 years. In addition to high costs, desalination of sea water also produce greenhouse gases from large power usage and damage to the marine environment.
Desalination of sea water has been widely applied in developed countries. Users biggest desalination capacity is Sorek, Israel. Sorek has built a seawater desalination apparatus since 2005 and meet 35% of total water demand with a capacity of 624,000 m3 / day. Desalination of sea water has also been implemented in Indonesia, one in PT Building Jaya Ancol with a capacity of 7000 m3 / day to supply domestic needs and Atlantis rides.
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Fossil Fuel
Arti Indallah
Solar Power
Arti Indallah
a r o u n d t he w orl d
RENEWABLE ENERGY in other countries
By: Fadya Syifa Hani TL’11
netherlands Hydropower
T
he Netherlands is one of the countries that utilize renewable Energy from various sources, such as biomass and hydropower.
Biomassa In 2010, waste from incinerators contributed 13% of renewable energy in the Netherlands.
The main fuel of power plants are usually is coal. However, it turns out that these fuels can be substituted with a wide variety of biomass.
In 2007, the Dutch government announced legal regulations for oil and diesel suppliers in order to mix the fuel from biomass as a fraction of the total fuel.
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germany
G
ermany is one of the five countries that have the ability to use renewable energy. Renewable energy in Germany is used to generate electricity and in 2014 Germany is able to meet almost 26% of total electricity needs through renewable energy in this country.
million kWH. However, it appears that Germany has not sufficiently satisfied to continue to increase its capacity in the development of this renewable energy. Germany has a target in 2050 that 80% of the total electricity needs must be met by renewable energy.
The largest portion of the utilization of renewable energy for power generation comes from wind power.
The challenges has been submitted by the Germans to the themselves. Paul Hockenos, an energy expert from Berlin, said, “Do not forget what Germany is doing right now. Germany was changing the source of its energy needs. This is something that has never been done before. “
In 2014, renewable generator were abled to produce 40.2 million kWh of electricity. This is an increase from 2013 which produced about 35.7
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P h o t og ra phy
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Solar Power Potency Kanawa Island, Flores Arti Indallah
r e s e a r ch & t echn o lo gy
ALGAE FUELS C
ombustion of fossil fuels leads to global warming due to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the necessary fuel environmentally friendly alternatives to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. One potential option as an alternative fuel is algae biofuel, the fuel derived from algae. Based on its size, there are two types of algae, the microalgae and macroalgae. The algae that’s used as fuel source is microalgae. Algae is classified as a photosynthetic organism, the type of organisms which their source of energy is derived from the light. Photosynthesis process that takes place at the same microalgae plant, converts light energy into chemical energy by converting inorganic carbon dioxide into organic compounds. The simple structure makes microalgae extremely efficient in converting solar energy. Microalgae itself has a greater energy capture and can convert the light energy and carbon dioxide into biomass (renewable energy refers to biological material). In addition, the ability of utilizing algae in poor soil and wastewater became an attraction in algae biofuel technology development. The three main components that can be extracted from microalgae biomass is fat, car-
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bohydrates, and protein. Of these three components, fat has the highest energy. Fatcontaining oils in algae are kept inside the cell membrane. To produce fuel derived from algae, the algae are grown in advance in a pond, in the following ways: Extensive pond The extensive pond is very large and are used for the management of liquid waste and the production of Dunaliella salina (green algae). Dunaliella salina is naturally dominant in salt water and has a salt concentration of more than 100 g / L and is growing slowly.
1.
2.
Intensive Pond Intensive pond has a shape like a circuit and shallow, its depth ranges between 15 cm to 35 cm. The water in the pond is being circulated continuously around the circuit pond by using a waterwheel. Production of algae in the pond is ten times higher than in the extensive pond.
Algae have thick cell walls so as to extract oil from algae, the cell wall must be destroyed. Some methods to do so are: Mechanical Extraction This kind of extraction is done in the
1.
Extensive Pond
source: fao.org
form of mechanical treatment such as ultrasonication (interference with high frequency sound waves) and homogenization (rapid pressure drop), is used to destroy the cell wall and to obtain oil.
2.
Biological Extraction This type of extraction is done by making the microalgae as a food made for living things, for example by feeding shrimp in the pond with microalgae. The shrimp will extract oil from the algae, then the shrimp will be crushed further so that the oil can be taken.
After the extraction, the algae oil is converted into biofuels with the following procedures: Transesterification In this process, triacylglycerol will react with methanol with the aid of catalysts (substance that speeds up reactions without participating in the reaction) produces a fatty acid ester fuel that resemble petroleum-based
1.
diesel.
2.
Hydroprocessing At hydroprocessing, triacylglycerol and hydrogen will react with the help ofcatalyst, producing a mixture of alkanes, water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Alkane mixture can be processed to produce green jet fuel and diesel. The glycerol will be converted into propane which can be burned to supply the heating process or thawed and sold as LPG.
The advantages of algae as an alternative fuel: Algae have the ability to convert inorganic carbon that has the potential to reduce greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, it can be used to produce various types of fuel such as gasoline, biodiesel, and jet fuel. The weakness of algae as an alternative fuel: • Production cost is relatively expensive.
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Indonesia
“Here is your country. Cherish these natural wonders, cherish the natural resources, cherish the history and romance as a sacred heritage, for your children and your children’s children. Do not let selfish men or greedy interests skin your country of its beauty, its riches or its romance.” -Theodore Roosevelt
Ervisa Mahditiara TL’10
FY I
benefits of human waste T
he world’s biggest spotlight is currently focused on poor sanitation. Society movements are focused on the availability of good facilities. One developed country which succeeded in developing a technology for clean water that comes from human waste is America. Microsoft founder Bill Gates, has proved it through many television shows. This technology managed to turn human waste into the water that is ready to drink. This technology is increasingly well known, since the broadcast on a TV show in America, which is better known as Bill Gates Poop Water. Actually, the name of this technology is omniprocessor. It’s a project developed by an engineering consultant in the northern part of America, Senegal, named Janicki Bioenergy. Omniprocessor is a pilot project that will be ready to be applied in the community, especially to countries that have difficulties to clean water and has a relatively low economy, namely India and Africa.
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By: Rahmi Deswita TL’12
This technology was developed because there are about 2 billion people in the world that still have poor sanitary facilities, such as the improper use of latrines, where the human waste are disposed of in the open and allowed to pollute the clean water source. As a result, many residents are affected by diarrheal disease and it’s killed 700,000 children each year and can affect the physical and mental of many people. At first, there were many technologies created to address these issues, but those technologies were not the right solution because they needed infrastructure and disposal facilities which are extremely expensive. That’s why they are not suitable to be applied in the developing countries, especially the poor countries. This omniprocessor pilot project will be first implemented in Dakar, Senegal, and West Africa. The process of omniprocessor is a combination of steam-powered electricity plant, incinerator, and a water filtration sys-
humans and generates electricity which can be used for various purposes to supply backup power to the machine itself. It is estimated that these machines are capable of processing human waste of 100.00 people to 85,000 liters of drinking water per day and 250 kw of electricity. However, this machine has a disadvantage, which is not being able to be use it in the household, because it needs a large space for the machine.
Bill Gates tries
omniprocessor tem. This engine will burn the human waste at a temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius. The heat generated is used for the incinerators that receives the raw waste and dry them. Waste is then evaporated to separate the water from the solids, produce steam, temperature and very high pressure, which helped turn the steam engine back. Through the generator, the power from the steam engine is converted into electricity. Meanwhile, the water vapor will be processed through a filter system that will generate clean water using a Goretex cloth as the filter media. The advantages of this technology is the capability of producing two main products, which are water that can be consumed by
Other than Bill Gates’ Poop Water, there is another alternative technology that’s being developed in Indonesia. The technology is known as biogas. Biogas is a form of energy from gas obtained through the process of fermentation or putrefaction of organic material, one of which is human or animal feces. This technology is widely used in developing countries one of which is Indonesia. The benefits gained from this technology is the gas produced can be used as a substitute for LPG fuel (fuel-efficient household), to turn on the lights or power plants, and the solids can be used as organic fertilizer for agriculture. Meanwhile, the lack of this technology is the high cost to make this installation in the household, it is not very well known by the public so it’s difficult to apply it to the community, and the gas produced can not be stored in liquid form in the tube. Moreover, in addition to using this technology, to overcome the problem of poor sanitation we can apply a good on-site domestic wastewater treatment system treatment, such as creating a wetland or biotoilet technology.
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p r o f i le
Piala Ameldam Simanjuntak
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PIALA AMELDAM SIMANJUNTAK (Meteorology, ITB 2008) In the corners of Indonesia there are people who are struggling to produce electricity for those who have not received this important need. They are the “Lentera Angin Nusantara (LAN)” led by Ricky Elson. LAN devoted to Indonesia with their flagship namely wind turbines to generate electricity. One of the LAN’s fighters is Piala Ameldam Simanjuntak.
What is the reason for choosing to work in LAN? I have worked in LAN for three years. Initially, I work there because I do my final project there. Then after that I fell in love with this area and lessons. I wonder why the wind turbines, in the books or reference, are mounted up so high. Whereas here the small ones are only 4 meters high. A lot of people also say, from many references, that wind energy is only good as an alternative energy; not good enough to be developed. It turns out that it’s not good enough because there is no good technology for wind turbines, but there is always wind on the beach. If we have thought about using wind, which will never run out, as an energy source millions of years ago, we won’t be dizzy just thinking about electricity. The problem is, it only occured to us now that wind can turn a generator and produce electricity. There is no efficiency in a system, no system is perfect. They all have shortcomings. The problem is, people always learn to approach perfection. Technologies are made as sophisticated as possible, meaning as effectively as possible. From the first, that is the human approach. Meanwhile, there are only a few people who can utilize the technology as effectively as possible. At first, a generator efficiency of 80% is said to be good. The generator installed is a large generator with a large propeller, then it must be the strong winds that can rotate the propeller. Hence, they’re mounted up so high because rotating propellers need strong winds. From there I still don’t agree, whether the efficiency of wind turbines are only seen in that way. Then I process the data, why are the 4-meter high wind turbines in LAN can generate electricity that exceeds 500 watts per hour?
What lessons can be obtained during your work in LAN? In LAN we learn to approach more on the technological innovation. Our biggest mistake is just taking the raw technology from foreign countries and then putting them in Indonesia. As engineers, we are only hired to put them together, not to be an innovator or a creator. In LAN, I realized, why are we proud when we’re taking technologies from abroad without even thinking how’s it’s made, how it works, and how’s the system? During this time, there are big wind turbines that were purchased for trillions of rupiah and installed in a village with villagers that have never known electricity at all. Surely, they would mind if they are left with such sophisticated technology, especially if something happens to it. It’s our homework. From there we can see how terrible of an engineer we are if we buy a technology and just leaving it somewhere without educating the people around it what it does. What kind of place is suitable for the installment of wind turbines? For our home area, the wind is usually only a breeze so it is not suitable for wind turbines to be installed there. So put up a wind turbine in the area where the wind is strong and stable. There’s also a lot of things that needs to be analzed from the speed of the wind, like how’s the speed. Because of that, the technology needs to be suitable with the potency of the area. How’s the electricity in Indonesia? In Indonesia, there are tens of thousands of new island but only hundreds of them are getting electricity. Indonesia has nearly 70 years of independence, but only people in Java and Sumatra has the power of electricity. And that’s not even all the people in Java and Sumatra. Indonesian people who live in remote areas still can’t 39
technology. So, not only doing a survey to the area to find about what’s lacking in the village, but what can we utilize from that shortage. For example, lack of electricity. Meanwhile, when there’s strong wind, they call it a disaster because their fields became corrupted. But we can change their mindset. If the wind is strong, then there’ll be electricity.
receive electricity, even though they are also Indonesian. The flag is still the same but why haven’t they been able to receive electricity? Even though on the small island, the winds are strong and the sun is blazing. All this time we do not think differently, we’ve been thinking that the electricity comes from the State Electricity Company (PLN), the electricity comes from diesel, electricity comes from coal. We do not dig out of that area apart from the main way, let alone those that can be exploited? With the potency of high winds and blazing sun, they do not need to wait long for the State Electricity Company. We also can’t blame the State Electricity Company. They have tried so hard, they have debt for subsidies and supplying electricity for the remote areas. Is Indonesia the only country that has not developed the wind energy? Other countries also haven’t developed this, because they think that there’s still no technologies that can support it. But that is the same mistake we did, only measuring the potential, insalling the wind turbine but the electricity that we get is so low. So who’s at fault? We can’t blame anyone, we just haven’t approach the optimal source. Because of that, in LAN, I learn to utilize the
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Compared to solar energy, is wind energy more effective? No, both is equally effective because the sun and the wind is in line. The area with the potential of strong wind, also have a good condition of the sun. And for indonesia, which is a tropical country, the potency of the sun is very good. The only proble is the point of maturity. For example, there are no big trees around the area. That’s why we do a hybrid. A hybrid of solar and wind energy. What are the disadvantages in using foreign products compared to the homemade ones? If we use foreign products, we couldn’t adjust it. We do not have the role of innovator there. If the wind turbine that we put together gets damaged, it can’t be used anymore, right? Then who’s going to repair it? The foreign people wouldn’t want to go to Indonesia just to repair it. Their business is only to make the product. They’ll only give brosures about how to repair the product. Then how are we going to bring those big turbines back abroad to be fixed? We have to dismantle it again, right? Well now it’s become a damaged good. Now that’s the lesson we have to learn. What are the expectations for students or people of Indonesia at this time? My expectations for students are they’ll be able to see that there are a lot of remote areas in Indonesia. There’s more than Java Island in Indonesia. There are a lot of homeworks for us. We have to be responsible, and not just work in general.
coastal area A potential area for the installation of wind turbine as a renewable energy.
DID YOU KNOW
?
1
3
2
2
1/3
One wind turbine can
Only
produce enough elec-
ergy produced from
geothermal
tricity for energy flows
burning up coal is
sources are roughly
turned into electricity.
larger than the com-
to 300 homes.
of the en-
The whole basis of energy
bined basic source of coal, oil, gas, and uranium.
42
Based on the World Fact Book 2008, world
China has surpassed
the oil reserves will last
the
until
and the
as the largest pro-
of the total energy
gas reserves will last
ducer of CO2 and the
used in the building
until the year
largest energy con-
is not used efficiently.
2052
2065.
United
States
Approximately
30%
sumer in the world.
75%
4
5
6
7
8
9 $450 dollars
of the total
There is tremendous
Russia invested
energy in the world is
energy in the ocean
million
produced from com-
waves. It is estimated
to build solar panels
busting fossil fuels.
that the total poten-
from 2015 - 2018 al-
tial off the coast of the
though Russia is not
United States reached
a country that is ex-
252 miliar kWh
posed to sunlight.
per year.
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tips
TIPS FOR
RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable energy is an energy that is derived from the ongoing natural processes. The use of renewable energy can be easily done in our daily life.
01 solar panel Solar panel can be used the roof of our house to generate electricity. The solar panel will absorb the energy from sunlight and convert it into electricity. Countries that passed the equator, such as Indonesia, are the perfect countries to use this technology.
02 SOLAR POWER BANK Solar power bank is a new emerging technology. The solar power bank is especially useful when we’re traveling far and electrical connections are not available. Solar power bank will absorb sunlight and then convert it into electricity.
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03 House ventilation
When designing a house, sunlight should be able to go into the house. One of a way to do that is to make a house ventilation. Ventilation also helps Ventilation also allows the exchange of air between the air on the outside and on the inside, in order to reduce the heat in the room. In addition, the amount of incoming sunlight can reduce the use of lights during the day.
04 STYROFOAM wall One of a way to save energy is to use the right materials for construction. To reduce heat on a residential area with a relatively high temperature, we can build a wall made of styrofoam. Styrofoam is a plastic material with pores between the granules which does not conduct heat.
05 GREEN ROOF Green roof can be done by covering the roof of a building with vegetation and plants. Green roof is one of a way to naturaly adjust a room temperature in certain seasons. Plants grown in the roof can filter the air around it by turning CO2 into O2. In the winter, the room temperature can be higher than the temperature outside.
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Pulau Bintang A movement on energy saving through an animated movie How does it feel to live in a clean and green island but still rich in energy? How does it feel to live in an island where it’s beautiful at noon and glowing at night? Healthy without pollution. It’s time for us to be wiser in using energy.
By: Yuniki Mediayati TL’11
T
his movie, directed by Ray Nayoan, is giving a message on the importance of awareness on saving up energy, given the depletion of energy reserves in the country. This 24 minute movie which is made in 2014, is a new breakthrough from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) of the Republic of Indonesia to educate young people to be aware of energy saving. In addition, the film is trying to deliver information about renewable renergi in an interesting and easy to understand, considering the issue is new in Indonesia. This film is about the adventures of Chiro, Kaia, and Uncle Popo to Pulau Bintang. Pulau Bintang is an island originally belonged to Chi-
ro’s Imagination. However, when Chiro told his dream to Uncle Popo, Uncle Popo took Chiro and Kaia on a trip to the real Pulau Bintang. Pulau Bintang is a green island, filled with lots of trees, as well as a combination of two beautiful scenery, hills and beaches. The island has fresh air, there are not a lot of vehicles, and the river was very clean. Pulau Bintang has its own breath, the island is utilizing all available resources to generate energy. In daylight, all forms of energy are absorbed and stored to be used at night. The sources of energy used are environmentally friendly energy sources, such as wind, solar, geothermal and methane gas generated from cow feces.
Uncle Popo also took Chiro and Kaia to see the beautiful scenery in Pulau Bintang at night. The island looks like ther are stars radiating from the ground, not from the sky, the island is like to have its own energy. On this island, Chiro and Kaia are taught to be disiplin in order to use energy. Leaving the life in the city and learning new things on Pulai Bintang made Chiro and Kaia realize on how important it is to save up energy and be wise on using it. When they returned home, Chiro and Kaia managed to implement on saving up the energy. This animated film is presented beautifully with an understandable language.
The voice actors/actresses in this films are widely known in Indonesia, such as Butet Kertaradjasa, Debra Yatim, Umay Shiba, Chantiqa and David Tarigan. The film is expected to add the knowledge and discipline of society in energy use.
The film can be accessed for free at: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=AkkCmunffpU
about
HMTL B
andung Institute of Technology Environmental Engineering Students Association’s (HMTL ITB) was founded simultaneously with Bandung Institute of Technology Sanitary Engineering on the 10th of November 1962. As Sanitary Engineering changed name to Environmental Engineering, the ITB Sanitary Engineering Studens Association (HMTP ITB) also changed its name into ITB Environmental Engineering Students Association on the 10th of November 1988. HMTL as a student organization, function as environmental engineer students’ “vessel” to work, study, and develop their potency in accordance with formal education in Environmental Engineering Department. HMTL has a symbol, which has a certain meaning related to the environmental engineering department. The Kalpataru Tree on the symbol means environment itself. The black bold lines above and belove the symbol means T (for Teknik or Engineering) and L (for Lingkungan or Environmental). The five lines on the left and right means the five majors in environmental engineering, which are water, air, environmental manage-
ment, health, and solid waste. The blue-colored waves means water. The ganesha image on the bottom left corner means ITB. Every year, HMTL has programs with environment theme. This year (2015/2016), led by Ricky Alamsyah, HMTL has two big programs which are the Village Partnership (Desa Mitra) and ECOPROJECT. Desa Mitra HMTL 2014 (held last year) was held in Cimanggu village (Cibayun), West Bandung. This year, Desa Mitra HMTL 2015 will be held in the Dangdeur Village, Garut District. The goal of this program is to help provide enough clean water to the people in the village. Other than Desa Mitra, the other program held by HMTL ITB which also has an environment theme, is ECOPROJECT. ECOPROJECT 2015 will bring the “The Appropriate Technology on Domestic Solid Waste Management” as a major topic which is a very popular issue in Indonesia. ECOPROJECT will be held on the 30th and 31st of January 2016 with four main events, which are the Idea Challenge, Festival, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and Seminars.
environmental engineering BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Envionmental Engineering is a field of study that learns about curative an preventice action, which can be done to save our environment, consist of water, ground, air, and environmental hygiene through engineering approach. Environmental engineering is motivated by comprehension means to preotect human health and safety from diseases and pollutant exposed in the ground, water, and air through engineering approach. So what will we study as environmental engineer candidate?
1. drinking and clean water engineering Environmental engineer study about how to design the Water Treatment Plant, the processes involved, and how to distribute the water appropriate to the community’s necessity.
6. environmental health andtoxicology This aspect contains these elements: environment, diseases, outspread pathways, and how to measure toxicity level and its hazard level to the environment.
2. DOMESTIC WASTEWATER ENGINEERING This aspect is a study about wastewater treatment unit’s process and design such as septic tank and Wastewater Treatment Plant. Plus, about drainage design which function as flood prevention.
7. community sanitation In this aspect, environmental engineer will study about how to provide sanitation and water infrastructure appropriate to community characters in specific area.
3. industrial wastewater engineering This is a study about how to design the Wastewater Treatment Plant for industries and about the processes involved in the treatment. Therefore, the wastewater quality may reach the safe concentration to be discharged into the environment. 4. hazardous waste management Substances with harmful and toxic characteristic used in industries will be generated as waste which is very harmful to the environment and to the human health as well. Environmental Engineer will study about how to handle those hazardous waste. 5. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Decent ways to manage the domestic solid waste, from sorting at the source to optimizing the landfill design, will be studied in the Environmental Engineering Department.
8. air pollution control and management In this sector, we study about the air, from emission dispersion of industries’ stack to measuring pollutant levels in a city. This aspect also study about how to design air pollution control device in order to control the pollutant from the industries so it won’t soil the environment. 9. environmental management In environmental management, we will study about case modeling related to environmental issues, environmental risk analysis from human activities, environmental management system application, occupational health and safety, etc. 10. clean technology In this topic, we study about the 3R application (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in the industry. Not only reducing waste generation, clean technology may bring out other advantages such as increasing production rate or decreasing raw material consumption.
SAY you YOU say SO so
I
strongly agree with the use of renewable energy. With renewable energy, energy needs will be easily maintained. Indonesia has abundant palm oil which is the potential for renewable energy that could improve the competitiveness of the economy. Indonesia is rich in natural resources which makes me feel optimistic that renewable energy can be applied well in Indonesia. Although the environmental aspect cannot be forgotten when using renewable energy. The go green efforts that I have done is starting from the small things such as waste sorting and using reuse paper. Muhammad Pramaditya Garry Material Engineering 2011, President of KM ITB
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R
enewable energy will make our lives more comfortable. Although it does not restore the state of the earth as it was, at least the next generation can feel what we feel. The use of renewable energy will go well if the support are not only from the scientists and engineers, but also from the other elements such as economics and law. The go green efforts that I have done is using a refill bottle, turning off the power for electricity when they are not in use, conserve water use, dispose of waste in place. Starting from oneself as a controller for themselves, and then invite others to join do so. Gian Nanda Pratama Meteorology 2012
R
enewable energy is one of the most important discussion. It need to be applied so that we can escape from the dependence on oil. So the energy that we enjoy today can be enjoyed by our children and grandchildren. Mahardhika Zein Civil Engineering 2012, Head of OSKM ITB 2015
Renewable Energy, in addition to having the characteristics of renewable and sustainable, it also has the concept of a more environmentally friendly and able to be one of the great potential in the context of world transition towards a green economy. In Indonesia, renewable energy has not been developed well and two types of renewable energy that is potentially very large in Indonesia are geothermal energy and bioenergy. It is, considering the location of Indonesia along the volcanic belt and have a supportive environment for the development of biodiversity, where both of these things can support the development of such energy. Renewable Energy still has many obstacles in its development, beginning in terms of investment, technology comparatively complex and advanced, society’s acceptance which has not been too good, as well as government support that hasn’t been maximum.
I
agree with using renewable energy as an alternative energy. To be the main energy source at this time, it seems like the infrastructure is inadequate, although the transition into using renewable energy should be done as fast as possible. The go green efforts that i habe done is usually riding the bike. Other than that, I bring food and drinks from home so there will be less solid waste and I also turn the lights off when it’s not in use. Fakhri Guniar Industrial Engineering Management 2013
In addition, some types of renewable energy also has a challenge in the context of the intermittent supply is unstable or broken. This can be seen in the type of wind and solar energy so we can see what kind of technology as well as specific strategies to compensate for this. Go green efforts that I have been implementing starts from the simple things like turning off the lights and water when they are not in use, unplugging the charger when they are not in use, disposing of and sorting out the trash if there’s an available sorting bin. Hilman Syahri Teknik Geologi 2011, Head of ISES 2015
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Surf the Net 1. www.cesa.org CESA is a non-profitable national organization that promotes renewable energy and energy efficiency. CESA provides programs for the leaders to create low carbon energy economy through strategy, policy, and lifestyle.
2. www.builditsolar.com Build it solar is very compatible for you who’s interested in self-made solar panel project. This web provides information on various reference and solar panel project experiment.
3. www.altenergy.org AltEnergy is and organization that helps raise public awareness on the impending energy crisis. This organization is made by a group of people who have an interest in alternative energy solution.
4. www.treehugger.com Treehugger is filled with things that we can do that gives a positive impact to the environment. This web provides knowledge on efficient and sustainable lifestyle. The goal is to give enough information to the community so they can choose the right path.
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ENVIRO
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