Enviro 17th edition (English Version)

Enviro 17th edition/2015

ITB ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION PRESENTS:

the green guide

Not for sale

FYI: What is E-Waste Highlight: E-Waste in Indonesia E-Waste vs Solid Waste 3R E-Waste

Around the World: E-Waste in Various Countries Event: Eco Project Desa Mitra

E-WASTE

Disponsori oleh:

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN LINGKUNGAN INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

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e ve nt s

Inspiration for Young Generation who Cares about Waste

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nvironmental Engineering Student Association (HMTL) Institut Teknologi Bandung held Eco Project event for the second time on 29th to 31st January 2016. After the Eco Project on 2015 with the theme “Water and Sanitation”, this year’s Eco Project theme is “The Use of Right Technology for Domestic Waste Management “. This topic was raised because of the issue of waste is a hot issue in Indonesia, while the culture of the community still do not support the better waste management.

“This event is held to inspire people with an alternative way, initiate the student movement, and becomes a means to apply the science of Environmental Engineering so that people will become more sensitive to the problems of waste in everyday life”, said Afifah Bijaksana, chairman of Eco Project 2016. With tag line “Save It or Waste It”, Eco Project in collaboration with Tupperware are targeting the education for the young children, ranging from elementary school children to college students. The series of events consist of Competition, Seminar, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and the Festival.

The first event from the series of events was the idea Idea Challenge and Poster Competition.

The Idea Challenge, which the theme was idea of innovation facilities used for municipal waste management, was followed by the 78 high schools from various regions across Indonesia. The 5 of the best ideas are then selected in

the final stage at the Bandung Institute of Technology on January 29, 2016 and won by SMAK Bogor with his paper entitled “Technology that Turns Waste Paper into adsorber Gel for Precious Metals from Electronic Waste”. While the community participated in the Poster Competition with the theme “Free from trash, conserve the environment” and there were two favorite posters.

The seminar on Eco Project (Saturday, 30/01/2016) was held in West Hall ITB with the theme “Waste for Society: Potential and Public Participation Efforts In Integrated Waste Management”. The seminar will also be a class of Studium Generale for ITB students and open to the public and attended by more than 600 participants from various universities in Indonesia. The first session was opened by Ir. Sri Bebassari, M.Si (Chairman of Indonesia Solid Waste Association) with the explanation of the paradigm and aspects of waste management in Indonesia.

The second session was attended by Sandhi Eko Bramono, Ph.D. (Directorate of Environmental Sanitation Development, Public Works and Housing Ministry), which elaborated on the policies and strategies of the waste management system in Indonesia. Bandung Institute of Technology, Ms. Emenda Sembiring (Environmental Engineering faculty) brought the material on integrated waste management in order to support Indonesia Free of Trash 2020, based

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on the concept of waste as a resource. The next speaker was M. Noor Andi Kusuma (Division Head of Waste Management Performance Assessment) which describes the topic on the policy and strategy of waste management, as well as Nurlaila Hidayati (Marketing Director, Tupperware Indonesia) sharing about healthy lifestyles and taking Tupperware to eat so that there are less waste produced. The last session was explained about the concept of zero waste

by Mohamad Bijaksana Junerosano (Greeneration Indonesia), The seminar was then followed up by representatives of the Environmental Engineering students from 14 universities from various regions in the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The discussion lasted for four hours with four main topics, namely the financing aspects, public participation, institutional and regulatory, technical and operational problems of waste in Indonesia.

Results of FGD is a declaration of commitment to a movement and contribute in solving the problem of waste on 21st of February 2016, to coincide with National Waste Day Care. This declaration will be published further and become the initial step with the student movement in Indonesia Environmental Engineering.

The last event is the Festival of Eco Project (Sunday, 31/01/2016) which began at 08.00 am at Jalan Ir. H. Juanda and Ganesha Park.

In this festival there are

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some events such as the Movement to pick up trash in the Car Free Day Dago, painting trash cans competition for kids, education booth completed by HiLo Green Community, Bandung Clean Action, U-Green ITB, Kami Kawasan Bersih ( KAKASIH), and the Indonesian Environmental Forum (WALHI). For children, there are games such as ring toss, trash toss and garbage-themed treasure hunt. Previously, there had been held a Roadshow on sorting of waste to 13 elementary schools in Bandung from the date of January 11, 2016, so that children who have been educated were invited again to participate in this Festival. With more than 1,000 visitors attended the event, it is hoped that young people will get the information and be inspired to be more aware of the problem of garbage in the surrounding neighborhood. The series of activities were closed by the appearance of Dhirga La Academia Junior and Envoice HMTL ITB and was ended at 15.00 pm.

With the end of the whole series of Eco Project, Afifah hoped that the whole event was not just a mere event, but can inspire young people to contribute in solving the waste problem in Indonesia. Eco Project 2016 wants to inspire that community participation is quite important in the issue of waste, because by participating, it will grow awareness and concern to engage in a number of small things which later would be a good culture. At least start from ourselves by doing things as simple as throwing trash in its place, sorting trash properly, and apply the principles of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, the community has helped solve the problem of waste.

The choice is yours, save it or waste it.

FYI

WHAT IS e-waste?

By: Kunfachri Adhi TL’12

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use of electronic goods has implications for the increase in the amount of electronic waste that is currently happening. It is predicted that the amount of E-waste will increase significantly in India, South Africa, and China. In China and South Africa, E-Waste is expected to increase to 200-400 percent by 2020 compared to 2007.

The accelerated growth of electronics industry today are combined with products that are quickly become obsolete. Due to the technological innovations developed at this time are not the technology that is durable, thus encouraging consumers to replace it with a new electronic goods in a faster time frame. In Nnorom (2009), the industrial revolution made the number of electronic equipment sold in the world market reached its peak in 1980 until 1990, when the existing equipment has a life span of between 10 to 20 years. So it is conceivable at this time all of the equipment has run out of its useful life and has become waste, or usually known as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) or often referred to as Electronic Waste (E-Waste).

Developed countries, one of which is the countries in the European Union has clearly stated that the E-Waste are controlled by the regulations of hazardous waste, which in these regulations, E-waste can be defined as electronic goods and electrical appliances that are not used or is not desirable because it has become obsolete and it needs to be disposed of, either in whole or in parts. As for developing countries, including Indonesia, there has been no agreement on the definition of a standard or generally accepted. So according to Sutarto (2008), E-Waste has different characteristics with garbage because the definition of the E-Waste is very dependent on people’s perspective.

While in India, the amount of E-waste will be increased up to 500 percent because of high usage of electronic goods in the country. In the United States, in 2005 there were 42 million computers that are discarded (according to USEPA Electronics Waste Management in the US), 25 million were in storage, 4 million were recycled, 13 million went to a landfill and 0.5 million were incinerated.

In addition, developing countries are the targets to receive e-waste from developed countries, given the cost of recycling in developed countries is higher. Whereas in developing countries secondhand goods becomes a very promising business fields carried out by the informal sector. Reusing items that still have economic value that is not controlled by the formal sector can have an impact on the health of the citizens and the environment.

E-waste is toxic because it contains a lot of metal components which are categorized as a toxic and hazardous material among others, lead, beryllium, mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, BFRs (Brominated Flame Retardants) and others that are a threat to health and the environment.

According Nnorom and Osibanjo (2009), a cellular phone waste generates environmental pollution when a large number of them are processed on an open burning, which has been done a lot in some of the developing countries. The effects of

Currently the E-Waste is a global issue whose existence could potentially cause problems in various parts of the world, especially in developing countries According to UNEP, the increasing

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the toxic materials cointained in a mobil phone to the human health has been investigated qualitatively (Osibanjo and Nnorom, 2009), and mentioned in this study that mobile phones contain heavy metals. The heavy metals are Cu, which is the highest, and then successively Zn, Pb, Ni , Ba and Sb. Meanwhile, according to Lim et al (2010), thre’s also metals such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) that could potentially cause cancer.

Another heavy metal content in the E-Waste commonly found on large flat panel displays and / or lamp is mercury (Hg). Mercury is known to be toxic to humans. It can damage the nervous system of the brain, and cause birth defects. In addition it also affects the kidneys and can easily circulate through the food chain which tend to be persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic exposure due to combustion and landfill processes. Computer monitors with a size of 17 inches contains about 2.2 pounds of Pb, which is a toxic material that cause dangerous poisoning to children on their early age. Polychorined Biphenil (PCB) which is usually a liquid at ambient conditions are often found on the transformer, capacitors and other plastic materials. E-Waste also contains two types of retardant, namely polybrominate biphenil (PBB) and polybrominat diphenil ether (PBDE), which are both likely to cause cancer and endocrine system dysfunction in some circumstances since there’s been a research done on mice and it is detected from the possibility. (EPA, 2009). From these studies found in hair daily exposure to concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 7 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day for PBDE content. Moreover, although the components of lead,

cadmium, nickel and zinc reported its contents are very low in the E-Waste, it is expected that the plastic used for the cellular phone are not burned, because if the plastic is burned on a low to medium temperature, the furans and dioxin gases can be formed and is dangerous (Nnorom and Osinbanjo, 2009).

Referensi Lim Seong-Rin, Schoenung Julie M., Toxicity potentials from waste cellular phones, and a waste management 2010; Waste Management,30 1653-1660 Nnorom I.C., Survey of willingness of residents to participate in electronic waste recycling in Nigeria – A case study of mobile phone recycling. Journal of cleaner production 2009; 17:1629-1637 Nnorom IC, Osibanjo O., Toxicity characterization of waste mobile phone plastics 2009; Journal of Hazardous Materials,161,183-188 Sutarto E,.(2008).,Identifikasi Pola Aliran E-Waste Komputer Dan Komponennya Di Bandung, ITB Bandung

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Indonesia is Beautiful

Tammya Ayu

By: Sumayya TL’12 18

highlight

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h i g h li g ht

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

E-WASTE

IN INDONESIA E

lectronic waste (E-waste) is a waste from electronic equipment that have been damaged and no longer in use by its owner, both the community and industry. For example, a former television, used mobile phones, batteries, and others. Increased usage of electronic goods would generate an increase in the amount of electronic waste in society, including in Indonesia. In the early 2000s it’s still difficult to find people using mobile phones, whereas at the present time almost all elements of society have cell phones. Another example is the use of television that is still hard to find in the 1990s, unlike today where almost every home has at least one television with models and specifica-

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By: Randyka Septa Nugraha TL’13

tions that are certainly different from the 1990s television.

An increasing number of electronic waste will certainly cause environmental problems if it is not done special treatment, because electronic waste has a high metal content and they are diverse. Metals contained in electronic waste are toxic to the human body, such as antimony, chromium, zinc, lead, silver, and copper. If heavy metals are in direct contact with humans continuously, it will poison and cause damage to the human body. To prevent that, it takes special care in the management of electronic waste is.

According from a data from Greenpeace, it is estimated that the amount of electronic waste globally ranged from 20 million tons to 50 million tons per year. The amount of electronic waste is increasing because consumers tend to replace computers, cell phones, and printers a lot faster than ever before. Electronic waste production here at home is considered not as much as the US and European countries. However, Indonesia has a higher potential to produce electronic waste because of the behavior of the society is increasingly consumptive of electronic goods. Indonesia has the potential to be a big market later on when the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) has been implemented. This can be a time bomb if it is not treated properly from now on.

Heavy metal poisoning can occur when electronic waste is not treated properly. Electronic waste that accumulate in one place can be toxic to the surrounding environment both soil and seepage of rain water on a pile of electronic waste into the ground. If people consume the water from the groundwater, then the public will experience heavy metal poisoning. If there’s no proper treatment, the Minamata disease that happens in Japan could happen in Indonesia.

Indonesia has a law that is regulating electronic waste, which is the UU No. 18 of 2008. In this law states that specific waste management such as electronic waste will be done by the government. However, no one obeys the rules.

Currently, the processing of electronic waste is still a done in a landfill. The landfill method in Indonesia is done by mixing all the garbage somewhere and fill it bury it in the ground. In practice, the landfill tends to not be maintained properly and transformed into an open dumping. Stacking open garbage can endanger the health of surrounding communities. In addition, there are many landfill in Indonesia, which does not have a leachate treatment system (garbage seepage water) so that it can poison the soil and the surrounding waters.

ardous waste such as PPLI, PT. TLI, and PT. Triata Mulia Indonesia. Toxic and hazardous waste processing business is a business that has a high opportunity, although the risk is also high.

One of the obstacles faced by businesses in the field of waste management licensing toxic and hazarous waste is associated with the transport, processing, collection, and others. In addition, specific waste management such as electronic waste do not reach all areas in Indonesia so that the handling of electronic waste is only done in a few cities. The government role in the handling of electronic waste is mainly in areas far from the city center.

In UU No. 18 of 2008, there is a clause which states that manufacturers are responsible for garbage that is difficult to unravel. This can be attributed to the application of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). EPR is extending the concept of environmental responsibility to the cost of production of a product, not just the main products, packaging products also includes the cost of dependents. From this EPR, producers will handle waste production in various ways, for example, save the use of raw materials and making products that have a longer lifespan. EPR concept has been implemented in many industries in Indonesia. electronics products with a long lifespan can prevent the generation and accumulation of electronic waste in the near future.

In the end, the central government must pay attention to the problems that will be caused by this electronic waste. Governments can make a reservoir area of electronic waste that can be processed easily, because Indonesia itself still has a special place to accommodate electronic garbage. In addition, the government must reinforce the EPR program so that the industry can reduce the potential for waste generation, particularly electronic waste. The government should also clarify and facilitate those who wish to assist in the management of electronic waste.

It has been quite a lot of institutions engaged in the treatment and disposal of toxic and haz-

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f o t o g ra f i

Indonesia

“Is this how you want your beautiful country to be remembered?”

Tina Pascarini

f o t o gra f i

“We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children�

Tammya Ayu

e ve nt s

By: Reza Eka Putra TL’12

DESA MITRA The determination of the guided village for the Desa Mitra HMTL work program is Dangdeur Village, which will be further developed on the rural infrastructure in the clean water infrastructure sector. In Dangdeur Village, there is a river called the Cimanuk River which has the potential on being used as a water rafting arena for the newcomers and as a clean water source that can be used by the villagers. The problems related to the infrastructure owned by the Dangdeur Village is the water supply system, which is a vital necessity to the society for domestic activities and agricultural irrigation. The water supply system is considered not optimal yet, especially in the dry season.

The agriculture sector is the main livelihood of the most citizens of Dangdeur Village. This is something that we have to concern about because there is a lack of clean water resources for irrigation in the Dangdeur Village. Most of the farmers are applying the rainfed system, a system where the wetland’s source of irrigation water depends on or is derived from the rain. So 26

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in a period of one year, the harvest can only be done once in the rainy season. Another potential that they have is the development of processed products such as cassava that is turned into kecimpring and processed corn. As for the educational aspect, the child’s age group considers the high enthusiasm of the children to learn English. In principle, the appropriate technology development plan will be adapted by the level of education of the society, so that the technology applied can be easily accepted and used by the community.

In an attempt to get closer to the community, the Desa Mitra HMTL2016 held a social events such as live in Cisalam and Patrol Village, Dangdeur Village. The peak of the Desa Mitra 2016 event series was held on the 11th to 15th of January 2016. In this activity, participants were divided into small groups, each group were placed in the villager’s homes to blend in with the residents and to follow their daily activities. There were 35 students that are recorded as participants of the Desa Mi

Environmental Engineering Student Association (HMTL) ITB organizes a community service in the Dangdeur village, Banyuresmi Subang district in the early 2016. The HMTL community service activity is commonly known as Desa Mitra HMTL which is a superior program of work that is routinely carried out every year since 2010. The background for Desa Mitra HMTL 2016 is that, this is an attempt done by the students of Environmental Engineering ITB to apply their knowledge that they’ve obtained in class in order to create concrete solutions for the environmental issues and problems that are happening in the community. Judging from the Desa Mitra vision, the main focus of the activity is to actualize a guided village that is independent in the management of clean water. Through this activity, the environmental engineering students are expected to improve their sensitivity and their concern to contribute to the community and see the real applications of the environmental engineering field, which is the utilization of environmental resources by using the appropriate technologies.

tra 2016 event and were deployed to occupy the resident’s houses.

The students were trying to adapt to the citizens through their daily activities at home or even their daily routines, such as in the fields and rice paddies. Other activities include teaching the citizens on environmental friendliness, as well as teaching the younger elementary students on 3Rs reduce, reuse, and recycle, how to minimize the amount of waste generation, application of science experiments, and composting training for the farmers by doing a demonstration on making conventional compost. The social work activity that were done was community service. This method was done as an attempt to increase the citizens’ sensitivity so that they care about the importance of preserving the environment, and they no longer pollute the environment. Other than that, a religious activity were done to strengthen the relationship through recitals.

The closing ceremony was done in order to strengthen the relationship of the students and the residents. The event was enlivened with a volleyball match, and an organized gathering with

the citizens in the form of a buffet. The family atmosphere was felt in a session where the students and the residents greet each other shaking hands and greeting each other while conveying meaningful messages.

The activity was done in five days. It is hoped that it will increase the students’ interaction with the citizens. Desa Mitra this year was realized by HMTL ITB was done to improve the welfare of the community by improving the quality of the community’s capacity. Even so, the major role to execute it, is the community. A form of devotion to the community in the form of an activity to solve a problem in a society on development plan based on the results of the potential mapping and social.

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h i g h li g ht

3r e Waste

By: Najla Nadhia R TL’12

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

T

oday we live in the era of technology that continues to innovate.

Manufacturers of mobile phones, laptops and other gadgets are racing to meet the electronics market with its newest product. But with the increasing number of new goods production, the electronic waste produced is also increasing rapidly. This causes a rapid growth of e-waste generated into municipal waste.

The increasing amount of waste piles is causing several problems in the environment. Electronic waste contains hazardous chemicals such as mercury, copper, cadmium and other heavy metals that can contaminate soil and groundwater. Things that can be done to reduce these risks is the application of the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle). Various types of electronic devices can be recycled, such as computers, monitors, printers, scanners, fax machines, copiers, network devices (routers, hubs, modems, etc.), peripherals (keyboard, mouse, cables, chargers, etc.) and so on.

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In most developed countries, the implementation of the 3R concept in the handling of e-waste has become a liability, and there are laws banning the disposal of e-waste in landfills. E-waste collected at recycling centers are grouped by type. Components that contain heavy metals will be released beforehand.

Components that still contain material that has economic value will be seperated as well. This process is done manually by workers.

Components that are not used will be chopped with a garbage shredder to reduce its size. Then a garbage sorting machine will separate the e-waste based on the material, such as iron, PVC, etc.

The separation was performed with some of the principles of separation, such as seperation according to weight will be done with an airflow, or separation based on the properties of the material will be done with the help of magnets. A more uniform material will facilitate the next process, which is the manufacturing factory of raw materials such as plastic seed and copper ore.

“We live in a disposable society. It’s easier to throw things out than to fix them.”

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

So, what can we do to reduce the amount of electronic waste? Even simple things can give good impact to the environment, for example:

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Buying gadgets as necessary.

Take care of electronic goods.

Repairing electronic goods that have been damaged.

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Minimize the disposal of electronic devices by donating or selling it.

Using components of electronic devices that can be used.

Submit electronic items to a certified recycling centers.

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

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a r o u n d t he w orl d

By: Mega Liani Putri TL’13

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a r o u n d t he w orl d

E-Waste in Ghana

One of the favorite destinations of shipping containers of e-waste is on of the African country, Ghana.

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hen a family decides to buy a new television, a kid buys a new mobile phone, an industry changes their

computer devices to improve their work efficiency, or a photocopy place changes their photocopy machine with a new one, that’s when millions of electronic waste are being produced which gradually overwhelm the planet. This type of garbage, like garbage in general, sometimes still have value. For that

By: Tatwadhika Siddharta TL’13

reason the e-waste in an organized manner, whether legal or not, are packaged in the form of containers to be sent to developing countries that wish to take advantage of this electronic scrap.

Every day, in the urban markets, there are black smoke billowing. Among these items, there are colorful wires, electric circuit, and a old joystick. Some items that still look presentable and attractive are collected by the local people that earns a living from this pile of electronic waste.

In Agbogbloshie, a lot of people who’s lives depend on these electronic trash. Some parts of an old television to old mobile phones are collected by cutting, burning, and other meth-

AGBOGBLOSHIE

is one corner of the city of Accra, the capital of Ghana. As the largest city in Ghana with a population of about 2 million people, this city is often the destination for e-waste disposal.

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tor. The informal sector includes electronic assemblers to scavengers.

The recovery process generally has three methods: the restoration of the initial function, taking a particular material, and using it as an energy source. With restoration of the initial function, various types of technology such as computers, refrigerators, printers, etc can be bought at a low price, which is almost 90% less than the original price. So do not be surprised, if you ever go to Ghana, you will see with dozens or even hundreds of different place to repair your electronic devices.

If it turns out the equipment can no longer be repaired, then the next option is to take the elements that still have value such as aluminum, cadmium, mercury, gold, silver, copper, plastic, glass, and palladium. Unfortunately, this decision is rarely followed by the procedure in accordance with the standards of both safety and health standards.

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

ods so that they can get the lead without any proper safety. There, the key to obtain money is speed on finding seconhand and scraps, not safety.

At first, the arrival of e-waste from various countries of the world was the initial intention of the government of Ghana to accelerate the growth of the country by accelerating in the IT field. It was hoped that Ghana could become a country that is rich of information ranging from schools, public facilities, even up to the restaurant to have a system of information, communication and technology viable. To that end, the government in collaboration with a computer assembler company managed to distribute 60,000 laptops for free to all corners of the country.

There are two important elements in the management of e-waste in Ghana, namely the recovery and the disposal. Recovery is an attempt to recapture the benefits of e-waste.

While disposal is the disposal of the remnants of e-waste after the recovery process. 90% of management is managed by the informal sec-

When all the elements desired has been obtained, then there’s only two the fate left for the e-waste, which are being burned or dumped in a disposal area as landfill. Either way, the two effects are bad for the environment. Combustion obviously lead to air pollution, while the landfill of e-waste has great potential to cause soil contamination.

You can see that a lack of influence of the formal sector can also be blamed as the cause of significant adverse impacts on the management of e-waste in Ghana. There is a lack of government interference in the conduct of state-of-act-technique that can ensure the management of technology will be done better. As a first step, the government should be able to eliminate all forms of illegal management, improper technology, and the illegal import of e-waste. Another important step is the preparation of relevant regulations. As a first step, the government of Ghana has also signed international conventions in this regard. For example, the Basel Convention related to the regulation on transferring dangerous goods including e-waste. But unfortunately, this signing has not been followed by real application by the people of Ghana.

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f o t o gr a f i

Ti na Pa s ca ri n i

Hello, Sempu

li f e st y l e

RENEW BINS Recycling Nation’s Electronic Waste

By: Ratrisa Priska K TL’12

SOURCE: COMMUNITY.STARHUB.COM

What is RENEW?

REcycling Nation’s Electronic Waste (RENEW) is a program of cooperation between DHL, StarHub and TES-AMM that provide opportunities for people of Singapore to recycle their electronic waste. The national program was held with the support of Ministry of Environment and Water Resources and the National Environment Agency. This started from the StarHub E-Waste Recycling Programme, a program launched by StarHub as communications service providers and retail electronic products and TES-AMM as a company on recycling electronic waste.

What prompted the launching of the RENEW program for the people of Singapore?

Rapid technological developments, the decline in the price of electronic goods and drastically shorter lifespan of the electronic goods are among the main factors causing the increasing amount of electronic waste worldwide. Within a year, the National Environment Agency estimates that the annual production quantities of electronic waste by the Singapore community are about 60,000 tons, and they came from households and industry. According to the International Environmental Technology Centre of the United Nations Environment Programme, electronic waste which has undergone a recycling process are only about 20% of the total amount of electronic waste produced worldwide.

That means, there’s almost no chance for individual consumers to recycle electronic waste that they produce. In fact, electronic wastes contain hazardous materials such as mercury, cadmium and sulfur which can have a negative impact on the environment if not handled with a proper treatment.

Since when has RENEW program been implemented?

The signing of the MoU between DHL, StarHub and TES-AMM regarding the cooperation on the implementation of RENEW programme was conducted on September 16, 2014, witnessed

by Dr Vivian Balakrishnan as the Minister of Environment and Water Resources, Singapore.

Until now, the program is still ongoing with an increasing number of RENEW bins in various locations that are accessible to the public in Singapore.

What’s been done in the RENEW program?

In the implementation of the RENEW program, the three parties have different responsibilities.

StarHub is responsible for finding potential sites for placement of the new RENEW bins. In addition, StarHub is also in charge of finding a supplier to provide RENEW bins to the new location. Meanwhile, DHL is responsible on managing the collection and delivery systems of all the electronic waste from the RENEW bins towards the electronic waste recycling facilities owned by TES-AMM. Until now, the RENEW program has managed to recycle more than 40.4 tons of electronic waste from all regions in Singapore.

What kind of electronic waste that can be put into the bins RENEW?

Almost all types of electronic waste that does not exceed the size of 470 mm x 120 mm can be recycled at the RENEW bins. Some types of electronic waste, among other CD / DVD, mobile phones, printers, telephones, cables, keyboards, modems, VCD / DVD players, laptops, Lithium-ion battery, and a car stereo.

Is RENEW program has the potential to be applied in Indonesia?

If the RENEW program will be implemented in Indonesia, people have to realize the importance of the processing of electronic waste legally so they won’t choose to sell their waste to the informal sector. In addition, electronic waste processing industry also need to be convinced to cooperate by adopting this program as a form of Corporate Social Responsibility. Government support as state executive agencies also need to be considered in order to create sustainable forms of cooperation.

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pr o f i l

E-WASTE with, Ir. Indah Rachmatiah Siti Salami, M.Sc., Ph.D

In many developing countries the informal sector that recycles e-waste as a livelihood. They did not use the procedure that is safe and realize that what they do can impair their health and even the people around the recycling e-waste area. The problem is happening in Indonesia today. With Ir. Indah Rachmatiah Siti Salami, M.Sc., Ph.D., professor of Environmental Engineering ITB, enviro will discuss the impact of e-waste recycling on health.

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1.

What is the reason for your ment Neurotoxicants in E-waste: An Emerging Health Concern) it can be from Pb, Hg, interest in e-waste?

I had just started, my concern here is because the amount of e-waste is increasing.

So e-waste are not only mobile phones but can also be televisions and all the electronics that are discarded because they are not needed anymore.

2. What is the problem of e-waste at the moment?

Perhaps the problem is because e-waste contains various compounds. Well if we throw them away, they can be very dangerous, such as a persistent substance, it can be harmful to our health in the long run so I was concerned about the use of e-waste.

In general, the whole world has this problem, only the handling is different. And the problem is essentially in the developing countries because they save their disposed e-waste for recycling. In theory it’s good because it could be recycled, but the problem is, e-waste contains dangerous components and most of them are not recycled in the plant but they are recycled individually by people who does not pay attention to safety and health.

3.

So what are the harmful components?

There are so many harmful component, according to Chen’s paper on 2011 (Develop-

Dioxin, Furan. For example, Pb can can be harmful to pregnant women. The pb cancan get into the fetus that can be harmful to the next generation and can cause mixed chronic exposure. So that more or less can affect attention, executive function, the motor function, and behavior thatmost affect neurotransmitan.

4.

Which countries are most problematic with e-waste?

The biggest problem is in China and the second is in India. In Indonesia, it is not visible yet, because Indonesia is not a country that openly accepts e-waste. E-waste is definitely a harmful and hazardous waste but developed countries does not manage their own e-waste so they send them to other countries that process e-waste.

5.

Why are developed countries that produce e-waste do not process their e-waste?

I’ve asked people from developed countries, why they do not process e-waste.

They actually do, but it is not economically attractive. Sometimes they have to add money to process them. So only a few are aware of the dangers of processing them. In the end, developing countries like ours are the ones that have to process them again.

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6.

How’s the result on your research on E-waste in Bandung?

I did very early research in an area in the city that recycles used batteries. In one elementary school, just by looking at the students report card, we can already see the difference in the children whose parents do recycling and those who are not. The exposed kids are only 15%. Indeed, the difference is small but it is feared that a small difference is not considered, so that over time it can cause interference with the ability of learning, comprehension ability, IQ, behavior, and they’re sometimes a little more “active”.

7. Why are children being sampled in the research?

Because the susceptibility of young children to the disease is still lower compared to the adults.

8.

What is the role of government in this regard?

I think when you get in government, it seems clear that in Indonesia which we ratified Bassel thus not approve on shipping secondhand goods as such. Actually, KLH

has an existing policy on e-waste, but Hg on e-waste hasn’t been clear because there are not many reports on it. But there is a study in UI on the area Cinangka that recycles used batteries, and they even test the human blood. They are exposed by air and there is a difference on the people who are exposed and those who are not. And it’s all done informally so it is difficult to control.

9.

What can we do next?

We just have to be aware of the problem of e-waste, but perhaps management is further considered whether it is given back to the manufacturer because the manufacturer knows the exact product. I think it’s the easiest, but the problem again is in the producer on what to do with it. Should it be processed further in the factory or what. For those who recycle their e-waste illegally, we have to inform them that this work can give money but it is extremely dangerous. We have to think about a more secure method on recycling e-waste. We can’t just forbid them to recycle the e-waste because they won’t listen to us. Some of them are finding money from recycling e-waste. For me, i think we should develop a legal technology to recover e-waste. This should be the goal.

So we do not need mine anymore, but it needs a developed technology, tools, and it’ll be a long-term as well.

Ir. Indah Rachmatiah Siti Salami, M.Sc., Ph.Dt Educational Background : Bachelor, Environmental Engineering-ITB 1988 Master, Univ. of Newcastle upon Tyne, England 1993 Doctorate, Univ. of Newcastle upon Tyne, England 2000 Profession, Environmental Engineering Professor - ITB Specialist, Environmental healt and Safety Management 41

Indonesia

“We live in a wonderful world that is full of beauty, charm and adventure.

There is no end to the adventures that we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open.�

-Jawaharlal Nehru

Did you know

?

E-Waste Edition

• Approximately 20-50 million cubic tons of e-waste are produced in the world each year (5% of the total solid waste). When the computer is no longer used, these objects left lead, Cadmium, Mercury and other hazardous waste.

• Based on the Environmental Protection Agency, experts estimate that recycling one million cell phones can recover about 24 kg of gold, 250 kg silver, 9 kg Palladium, and more than 9000 kg of copper.

• One cubic tons of electronic waste from Personal Computer (PC) contains more gold than can be taken from 17 tons of gold ore. In 1998, the amount of gold recovered from electronic scrap in the United States is equivalent to the gold that can be recovered from more than 2 million cubic tons of gold ore.

• Recycling used aluminum can saves up to 90% of energy from all energy required to mine new aluminum • Based on the data from the United Nations, around 70% of electronic waste produced globally end up in China 44

• In South Africa and China, it is predicted the ammount of e-waste will increase up to 200-400 percent in 2020.

•According to the data from the UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), the global e-waste grows 40 million tons annually. Used mobile phones and personal computers are the largest contributor, followed by gold and silver 3%, 13% palladium and cobalt 15%.

• 2% of electronic waste would be equivalent to 70% of toxic waste in landfills. Extreme amounts of lead in electronics are capable of causing damage to the central nervous system, peripheral, blood and kidneys.

• Due to the rapid production of electronics, especially computers, only about 15% of computer are being recycled, which means 85% are in the trash.

• Approximately 50 million mobile phones are replaced within a month worldwide. Only about 10% are being recycled. If 1 million cell phones are being recycled, it will reduce gas emission equivalent to gas produced by 1,358 cars for a year.

•E-waste is the fastest growing segment of the municipal solid waste production.

• E-waste contains many valuable materials that can be recovered, such as aluminum, copper, gold, silver, plastic, ferrous metals.

• Based on the United Nation Report, April 2013 about “E-Waste in China,” Guiyu (one of the cities in China) suffered an environmental disaster as a result of the wide scale use of e-waste industry in the area.

• Many toxic pollution that comes from burning circuit boards, plastic and copper cables, or rinsing e-waste with hydrochloric acid to reclaim valuable metals such as copper and iron. By doing so, it can contaminate the workers and the environment with toxic heavy metals such as beryllium, cadmium, simultaneously releasing hydrocarbon ashes into the air, soil, and water.

• Many e-waste comes from illegal transactions because, based on the United Nations, there is a specific prohibition against electronic waste being transferred from developed countries like the United States to developing countries like China and Vietnam

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RECOMMENDATION

RECOMMENDATION

E-waste Management and Treatment Business: Promising for Them who Loves New Challenges E-waste Management and Treatment Business: Promising

Yobel forNovian Them Putra who 15313022 Loves New Challenges Yobel Novian Putra 15313022

By: Yobel Novian Putra TL’13

SUMBER: GOOGLE.COM

Who doesn’t know electronic waste, or most commonly known as e-waste? In a class, some stuWho asked doesn’ton know waste, or most known e-waste?

In not a class, some students were howelectronic many handphones havecommonly they had in their as entire life. It’s suprising that asked on said how that manythey’ve handphones hadthan in their life. It’s not almostdents all ofwere the students had athave leastthey more twoentire handphones in suprising their life. that The almost all of the students said that they’ve had at least more than two handphones in their life.

The same answer were given when they were asked about other electronics, such as laptop, computer, same answer were given when they were asked about other electronics, such as laptop, computer, and other electronic household. From those answers, we know that the lifespan of new modern and other electronic household. From those answers, we know that the lifespan of new modern technologies are very Because of that, there’s an an accumulation technologies are short. very short.

Because of that, there’s accumulationand andan anincreasing increasing ammount ammount of e-waste in theinworld everyevery year.year. of e-waste the world The lifespan of new products are are veryvery gered.

The environment The lifespan ofelectronic new electronic products gered.

The environmentininthe theregion region is is threatthreatshort which is oneisof theofreason whywhy consumbecause ofofthe short which one the reason consum- ened ened because themethod methodused used for for recycling recycling er, private business sector, and the used er, private business sector, and government the government metal, metal,wire, wire,and andother other components components of used of United of America produce more electronic goodsare arenot notappropriate. appropriate. One of of United StatesStates of America produce more thanthan electronic goods of three million tonnes of e-waste each year.

Unthe biggest e-waste disposal area in the world three million tonnes of e-waste each year. Un- the biggest e-waste disposal area in the world isis til now, most e-waste produced from the dethe Agbogbloshie area in Accra, Ghana, Africa. til now, most e-waste produced from the de- the Agbogbloshie area in Accra, Ghana, Africa. veloped countries are sent to the developing NotNot only largest,but butthis this landfill landfill was was also veloped countries are sent to the developing only thethelargest, also countries be reused or even disposed. nominated oneofofthe themost most polluted polluted places places countries to betoreused or even disposed.

TheThe nominated asasone community of developed countries have unin the world after Chernobyl.

Recycling worker community of developed countries have un- in the world after Chernobyl. Recycling worker derstood that e-waste haspotential the potential on pol- there, there, especiallythe thechildren, children, burn burn cables cables and derstood that e-waste has the on polespecially and the environment and a source of health other gadgets just to get a bit of copper, lead, luting luting the environment andthat, a source of health just toDue getto a bit copper, lead, problems.

Other than e-waste treatment other andgadgets heavy metals. the of very poor manproblems.

Othersaid than that, treatment heavy metals.

Due to the very suffer poor manhas been to be verye-waste expensive because of andagement methods, many children from has been very expensiveofbecause of agement methods, many children suffer the said high to riskbeand complexity the treatment cancer, organ damage, lead poisoning.

Soil,from wathe high complexityAlthough of the treatment organ lead poisoning.

Soil, waandrisk the and management. right now in cancer, ter, and the damage, air was polluted by combustion so and the Although now insaw ter,that andthe thespread air was polluted combustion so themanagement. developing countries, theright community of the diseasebycan result in largthe developing countries, theincommunity saw thaterthe of theThe disease result in largthe economic potential recycling e-waste. andspread wider scale. “cost”can of the damage to the economic potential recycling e-waste. wider scale. and The health “cost” is ofwhat the damage to The e-waste recyclinginprocess produce valuable er and the environment causes the metals recycling and toxic metals the used electron- thedeveloped countries to dispose their causes e-wastethe to The e-waste processfrom produce valuable environment and health is what ic products. the developing countries in order to avoid this metals and toxic metals from the used electron- developed countries to dispose their e-waste to “payment”. ic products. theindirect developing countries in order to avoid this The problem is, this process is currently carried indirect “payment”. out in developing countries and the environApart from the adverse effect that has occurred, The problem is, this process is currently carried pollution factors and are often overlooked. Apart please in fact there potential for out inmental developing countries the environfromnote the that adverse effect thatis has occurred, 2011, more than 2.5 million tons of e-waste please enormous business behind this.

If managed mentalIn pollution factors are often overlooked. note that in fact there is potential for (equivalent to 2.5 million cars) were disposed well, this recycle process can recover precious In 2011, than 2.5 million tons of e-waste business this. the If managed to more the developing countries where the labors enormous metals and removebehind toxins from environ(equivalent to 2.5 million cars) were disposed this In recycle process are unprotected and family’s health are endan- well, ment.

America, therecan are recover currentlyprecious 42,000 to the developing countries where the labors metals and remove toxins from the environare unprotected and family’s health are endan- ment. In America, there are currently 42,000

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certified e-waste recycling business, where the annual profit reached about 1 billion US dollars. Even in Los Angeles, recycling e-waste are turned into jobs for the perpetrators of criminal acts. With the clear rules concerning the management of e-waste, e-waste recycling business in Europe produced 1.3 billion US dollars in 2012 and it is estimated that it will produce about 1.79 billion US dollars in 2020.

As a developing country, Indonesia as one of the country’s largest consumer in electronics goods in Southeast Asia have a similar potential. The reason why not many entrepreneurs keep track of these business opportunities are because of the licensing. In Indonesia, e-waste is categorized as B3 waste (Hazardous and Toxic). The nature of hazardous and toxic waste is that they are mostly explosive, flammable, reactive, toxic, corrosive, and other properties that causes a lot of technical aspects with a high difficulty level and they need to be met in order for a business unit management and treatment of e-waste, especially hazardous and toxic waste, can operate.

In addition, it needs strict licensing which must be met by the potential business owners.

Licensing is a permission issued by the Ministry of Environment in accordance with applicable regulations. KLH is currently doing the permitting process for the hazardous and toxic waste management (collection, use, treatment, stockpiling, and waste disposal of hazardous and toxic waste) and waste disposal. Some of the relevant regulations are: 1.UU 32/2009 on the Protection and Environmental Management; 2.PP 18/1999 juncto PP 85/1999 on Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste; 3.PermenLH 18/2009 on Licensing Procedures for Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes; 4.Decree of the Head BAPPEDAL No: KEP-03/ BAPEDAL/09/1995 on Technical Requirements Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes; and Here are the general conditions that must be met in order to carry out the management and treatment of hazardous and toxic waste 1. Environmental documents (AMDAL atau UKLUPL)*; 2.Articles of the Company applicant who has been covering the field / sub-field of hazardous and toxic waste management activities (collection, use, treatment, and hazardous and toxic waste landfilling); 3.Location permit; Business license (SIUP) Building permit (IMB); 4.Disturbance permit (HO); Environmental pollution insurance photocopy; 5.Having a laboratory analysis or hazardous and toxic waste analysis tool at the site of activity; 6.An educated workforce in the field of analysis and management of hazardous and toxic waste;

SUMBER: GOOGLE.COM

7.Description of Location (Venue / location, area, the coordinates); 8.The types of hazardous and toxic waste managed; 9.The amount of hazardous and toxic waste (for each type of hazardous and toxic waste) that will be managed; 10.Characteristics of each type of hazardous and toxic waste that will be managed; 11.Construction area design for the hazardous and toxic waste management; 12.The complete flowsheet of the management process; 13.Description of each type and specifications on management and equipment used; 14.Equipment for emergency response; 15.Drainage channels layout for hazardous and toxic waste collection in the liquid phase.

This request can be submitted to the Ministry of Environment within the period and certain administrative cost.

However difficult it is to get a business license for the management and the treatment of hazardous and toxic waste, but when you have the license and all the venture capital has been fulfilled, then the business of recycling e-waste will provide benefits for you and for the environment. Moreover, there are only few competitors for this type of business in Indonesia. So, are you interested in doing this high-risks-highgain business?

Source : http://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahmckinney/2013/12/12/how-e-waste-is-creating-jobsfor-people-with-criminal-records-in-los-angeles/ http://www.earth911.com/work/federal-ewaste-bill-new-jobs/ http://triplehelixblog.com/2014/07/e-wasteour-choice-between-polluting-and-creatingamerican-recycling-jobs/

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Bagus, Teknik Elektro 2013 The majority of e-waste are considered hazardous, especially those containing heavy metals or flammable materials. There’s almost no safe e-waste, such as used batteries that are considered explosive and plastic wrap for leftover components or pieces of harmful components.

Unused batteries should be stored or dismantled and sought that can still be used. While the electronic components should not be directly disposed and should be stored, especially the expensive components such as motors, dynamos, lipo battery charge, and circuits such as microcontroller.

YOU SAY SO Andi Andreas, Teknik Lingkungan 2014 E-waste is very dangerous if it’s disposed of carelessly. For example, used batteries are often carelessly discarded and they can pose new environmental problems.

An efforts to reduce e-waste is by treat your electronics properly so they’ll be more durable and not easily damaged so it does not become waste.

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Ajie Azhary, Teknik Mesin 2012 E-waste today may escape the attention of the people of Indonesia. Waste sorting is still struggling around the organic and inorganic waste, whereas e-waste has the potential for great danger. The issue of e-waste needs to be appointed so that the public is more aware, since the production of electronic waste are closely related to today’s lifestyle. For example, people now tend to frequently change their gadget. Emerging paradigm is that electronic junk and used batteries are often equated with ordinary garbage, whereas this type of garbage requires special treatment. Indiscriminate disposal can harm the environment and endanger human health.

Several attempts to reduce e-waste is to treat your electronic devices properly, do not replace your mobile phone if the reason behind it is to just follow trends, purchase equipment as needed, do not buy used products in order to for your devices to have a longer lifespan, use rechargeable batteries if you can, and make sure the appliance manufacturer have recycling facilities, so that when it’s not in use, the e-waste can be recycled.

Nibrosul Muhammad, Teknik Elektro 2013 ¬E-waste can’t be thrown away carelessly and needs special handling. Because of e-waste in Indonesia are generally categorized as inorganic waste, they need to be separated and treated with the existing technology. Now, there’s a lot of semi-conductor materials that has a better quality, but it would be dangerous if it’s disposed directly into the environment.

To reduce e-waste, you can maximize the items that can still be used and delay buying goods with specification that are more tempting.

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environmental engineering BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Envionmental Engineering is a field of study that learns about curative an preventice action, which can be done to save our environment, consist of water, ground, air, and environmental hygiene through engineering approach. Environmental engineering is motivated by comprehension means to preotect human health and safety from diseases and pollutant exposed in the ground, water, and air through engineering approach. So what will we study as environmental engineer candidate?

1. drinking and clean water engineering Environmental engineer study about how to design the Water Treatment Plant, the processes involved, and how to distribute the water appropriate to the community’s necessity.

6. environmental health andtoxicology This aspect contains these elements: environment, diseases, outspread pathways, and how to measure toxicity level and its hazard level to the environment.

2. DOMESTIC WASTEWATER ENGINEERING This aspect is a study about wastewater treatment unit’s process and design such as septic tank and Wastewater Treatment Plant. Plus, about drainage design which function as flood prevention.

7. community sanitation In this aspect, environmental engineer will study about how to provide sanitation and water infrastructure appropriate to community characters in specific area.

3. industrial wastewater engineering This is a study about how to design the Wastewater Treatment Plant for industries and about the processes involved in the treatment. Therefore, the wastewater quality may reach the safe concentration to be discharged into the environment.

4. hazardous waste management Substances with harmful and toxic characteristic used in industries will be generated as waste which is very harmful to the environment and to the human health as well. Environmental Engineer will study about how to handle those hazardous waste.

5. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Decent ways to manage the domestic solid waste, from sorting at the source to optimizing the landfill design, will be studied in the Environmental Engineering Department.

8. air pollution control and management In this sector, we study about the air, from emission dispersion of industries’ stack to measuring pollutant levels in a city. This aspect also study about how to design air pollution control device in order to control the pollutant from the industries so it won’t soil the environment.

9. environmental management In environmental management, we will study about case modeling related to environmental issues, environmental risk analysis from human activities, environmental management system application, occupational health and safety, etc.

10. clean technology In this topic, we study about the 3R application (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in the industry. Not only reducing waste generation, clean technology may bring out other advantages such as increasing production rate or decreasing raw material consumption.

ABOUT

hmtl B

andung Institute of Technology Environmental Engineering Students Association’s (HMTL ITB) was founded simultaneously with Bandung Institute of Technology Sanitary Engineering on the 10th of November 1962.

As Sanitary Engineering changed name to Environmental Engineering, the ITB Sanitary Engineering Studens Association (HMTP ITB) also changed its name into ITB Environmental Engineering Students Association on the 10th of November 1988. vironmental engineer students’ “vessel” to work, study, and develop their potency in accordance with formal education in Environmental Engineering Department. HMTL has a symbol, which has a certain meaning related to the environmental engineering department. The Kalpataru Tree on the symbol means environment itself.

The black bold lines above and belove the symbol means T (for Teknik or Engineering) and L (for Lingkungan or Environmental). The five lines on the left and right means the five majors in environmental engineering, which are water, air, environmental management, health, and solid waste. The blue-colored waves means water.

The ganesha image on the bottom left corner means ITB. Every year, HMTL has programs with environment theme. This year (2015/2016), led by Ricky

Alamsyah, HMTL has two big programs which are the Village Partnership (Desa Mitra) and ECOPROJECT. Desa Mitra HMTL 2014 (held last year) was held in Cimanggu village (Cibayun), West Bandung. This year, Desa Mitra HMTL 2015 will be held in the Dangdeur Village, Garut District. The goal of this program is to help provide enough clean water to the people in the village.

Other than Desa Mitra, the other program held

by HMTL ITB which also has an environment theme, is ECOPROJECT. ECOPROJECT 2015 will bring the “The Appropriate Technology on Domestic Solid Waste Management” as a major topic which is a very popular issue in Indonesia.

ECOPROJECT will be held on the 30th and 31st of January 2016 with four main events, which are the Idea Challenge, Festival, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and Seminars.

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Surf the Net www.simsrecycling.com This site is responsible for the reuse and recycling of electronic goods that have been unused.

www.e-wastes.com E-waste is an institution in Washington that has been certified as E-Cycle Collector, Transporter and Processor. This institution has a mission to recycle electronic waste safely and environmentally friendly.

www.zerowaste.sa.gov.au Zero Waste SA is a South Australia government organization that allows people to increase recycling and reduce waste both at home and in the workplace or industry.

www.lesecologycenter.org The Lower East Side Ecology Center is the first organization to offer a program of community-based recycling and composting in New York. Currently, the Ecology Center offers educational composting, recycling of electronic waste, the management of public open space, and environmental education.

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Disponsori oleh:

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN LINGKUNGAN INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

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e ve nt s

Inspiration for Young Generation who Cares about Waste

E

nvironmental Engineering Student Association (HMTL) Institut Teknologi Bandung held Eco Project event for the second time on 29th to 31st January 2016. After the Eco Project on 2015 with the theme “Water and Sanitation”, this year’s Eco Project theme is “The Use of Right Technology for Domestic Waste Management “. This topic was raised because of the issue of waste is a hot issue in Indonesia, while the culture of the community still do not support the better waste management.

“This event is held to inspire people with an alternative way, initiate the student movement, and becomes a means to apply the science of Environmental Engineering so that people will become more sensitive to the problems of waste in everyday life”, said Afifah Bijaksana, chairman of Eco Project 2016. With tag line “Save It or Waste It”, Eco Project in collaboration with Tupperware are targeting the education for the young children, ranging from elementary school children to college students. The series of events consist of Competition, Seminar, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and the Festival.

The first event from the series of events was the idea Idea Challenge and Poster Competition.

The Idea Challenge, which the theme was idea of innovation facilities used for municipal waste management, was followed by the 78 high schools from various regions across Indonesia. The 5 of the best ideas are then selected in

the final stage at the Bandung Institute of Technology on January 29, 2016 and won by SMAK Bogor with his paper entitled “Technology that Turns Waste Paper into adsorber Gel for Precious Metals from Electronic Waste”. While the community participated in the Poster Competition with the theme “Free from trash, conserve the environment” and there were two favorite posters.

The seminar on Eco Project (Saturday, 30/01/2016) was held in West Hall ITB with the theme “Waste for Society: Potential and Public Participation Efforts In Integrated Waste Management”. The seminar will also be a class of Studium Generale for ITB students and open to the public and attended by more than 600 participants from various universities in Indonesia. The first session was opened by Ir. Sri Bebassari, M.Si (Chairman of Indonesia Solid Waste Association) with the explanation of the paradigm and aspects of waste management in Indonesia.

The second session was attended by Sandhi Eko Bramono, Ph.D. (Directorate of Environmental Sanitation Development, Public Works and Housing Ministry), which elaborated on the policies and strategies of the waste management system in Indonesia. Bandung Institute of Technology, Ms. Emenda Sembiring (Environmental Engineering faculty) brought the material on integrated waste management in order to support Indonesia Free of Trash 2020, based

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on the concept of waste as a resource. The next speaker was M. Noor Andi Kusuma (Division Head of Waste Management Performance Assessment) which describes the topic on the policy and strategy of waste management, as well as Nurlaila Hidayati (Marketing Director, Tupperware Indonesia) sharing about healthy lifestyles and taking Tupperware to eat so that there are less waste produced. The last session was explained about the concept of zero waste

by Mohamad Bijaksana Junerosano (Greeneration Indonesia), The seminar was then followed up by representatives of the Environmental Engineering students from 14 universities from various regions in the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The discussion lasted for four hours with four main topics, namely the financing aspects, public participation, institutional and regulatory, technical and operational problems of waste in Indonesia.

Results of FGD is a declaration of commitment to a movement and contribute in solving the problem of waste on 21st of February 2016, to coincide with National Waste Day Care. This declaration will be published further and become the initial step with the student movement in Indonesia Environmental Engineering.

The last event is the Festival of Eco Project (Sunday, 31/01/2016) which began at 08.00 am at Jalan Ir. H. Juanda and Ganesha Park.

In this festival there are

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some events such as the Movement to pick up trash in the Car Free Day Dago, painting trash cans competition for kids, education booth completed by HiLo Green Community, Bandung Clean Action, U-Green ITB, Kami Kawasan Bersih ( KAKASIH), and the Indonesian Environmental Forum (WALHI). For children, there are games such as ring toss, trash toss and garbage-themed treasure hunt. Previously, there had been held a Roadshow on sorting of waste to 13 elementary schools in Bandung from the date of January 11, 2016, so that children who have been educated were invited again to participate in this Festival. With more than 1,000 visitors attended the event, it is hoped that young people will get the information and be inspired to be more aware of the problem of garbage in the surrounding neighborhood. The series of activities were closed by the appearance of Dhirga La Academia Junior and Envoice HMTL ITB and was ended at 15.00 pm.

With the end of the whole series of Eco Project, Afifah hoped that the whole event was not just a mere event, but can inspire young people to contribute in solving the waste problem in Indonesia. Eco Project 2016 wants to inspire that community participation is quite important in the issue of waste, because by participating, it will grow awareness and concern to engage in a number of small things which later would be a good culture. At least start from ourselves by doing things as simple as throwing trash in its place, sorting trash properly, and apply the principles of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, the community has helped solve the problem of waste.

The choice is yours, save it or waste it.

FYI

WHAT IS e-waste?

By: Kunfachri Adhi TL’12

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use of electronic goods has implications for the increase in the amount of electronic waste that is currently happening. It is predicted that the amount of E-waste will increase significantly in India, South Africa, and China. In China and South Africa, E-Waste is expected to increase to 200-400 percent by 2020 compared to 2007.

The accelerated growth of electronics industry today are combined with products that are quickly become obsolete. Due to the technological innovations developed at this time are not the technology that is durable, thus encouraging consumers to replace it with a new electronic goods in a faster time frame. In Nnorom (2009), the industrial revolution made the number of electronic equipment sold in the world market reached its peak in 1980 until 1990, when the existing equipment has a life span of between 10 to 20 years. So it is conceivable at this time all of the equipment has run out of its useful life and has become waste, or usually known as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) or often referred to as Electronic Waste (E-Waste).

Developed countries, one of which is the countries in the European Union has clearly stated that the E-Waste are controlled by the regulations of hazardous waste, which in these regulations, E-waste can be defined as electronic goods and electrical appliances that are not used or is not desirable because it has become obsolete and it needs to be disposed of, either in whole or in parts. As for developing countries, including Indonesia, there has been no agreement on the definition of a standard or generally accepted. So according to Sutarto (2008), E-Waste has different characteristics with garbage because the definition of the E-Waste is very dependent on people’s perspective.

While in India, the amount of E-waste will be increased up to 500 percent because of high usage of electronic goods in the country. In the United States, in 2005 there were 42 million computers that are discarded (according to USEPA Electronics Waste Management in the US), 25 million were in storage, 4 million were recycled, 13 million went to a landfill and 0.5 million were incinerated.

In addition, developing countries are the targets to receive e-waste from developed countries, given the cost of recycling in developed countries is higher. Whereas in developing countries secondhand goods becomes a very promising business fields carried out by the informal sector. Reusing items that still have economic value that is not controlled by the formal sector can have an impact on the health of the citizens and the environment.

E-waste is toxic because it contains a lot of metal components which are categorized as a toxic and hazardous material among others, lead, beryllium, mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, BFRs (Brominated Flame Retardants) and others that are a threat to health and the environment.

According Nnorom and Osibanjo (2009), a cellular phone waste generates environmental pollution when a large number of them are processed on an open burning, which has been done a lot in some of the developing countries. The effects of

Currently the E-Waste is a global issue whose existence could potentially cause problems in various parts of the world, especially in developing countries According to UNEP, the increasing

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the toxic materials cointained in a mobil phone to the human health has been investigated qualitatively (Osibanjo and Nnorom, 2009), and mentioned in this study that mobile phones contain heavy metals. The heavy metals are Cu, which is the highest, and then successively Zn, Pb, Ni , Ba and Sb. Meanwhile, according to Lim et al (2010), thre’s also metals such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) that could potentially cause cancer.

Another heavy metal content in the E-Waste commonly found on large flat panel displays and / or lamp is mercury (Hg). Mercury is known to be toxic to humans. It can damage the nervous system of the brain, and cause birth defects. In addition it also affects the kidneys and can easily circulate through the food chain which tend to be persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic exposure due to combustion and landfill processes. Computer monitors with a size of 17 inches contains about 2.2 pounds of Pb, which is a toxic material that cause dangerous poisoning to children on their early age. Polychorined Biphenil (PCB) which is usually a liquid at ambient conditions are often found on the transformer, capacitors and other plastic materials. E-Waste also contains two types of retardant, namely polybrominate biphenil (PBB) and polybrominat diphenil ether (PBDE), which are both likely to cause cancer and endocrine system dysfunction in some circumstances since there’s been a research done on mice and it is detected from the possibility. (EPA, 2009). From these studies found in hair daily exposure to concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 7 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day for PBDE content. Moreover, although the components of lead,

cadmium, nickel and zinc reported its contents are very low in the E-Waste, it is expected that the plastic used for the cellular phone are not burned, because if the plastic is burned on a low to medium temperature, the furans and dioxin gases can be formed and is dangerous (Nnorom and Osinbanjo, 2009).

Referensi Lim Seong-Rin, Schoenung Julie M., Toxicity potentials from waste cellular phones, and a waste management 2010; Waste Management,30 1653-1660 Nnorom I.C., Survey of willingness of residents to participate in electronic waste recycling in Nigeria – A case study of mobile phone recycling. Journal of cleaner production 2009; 17:1629-1637 Nnorom IC, Osibanjo O., Toxicity characterization of waste mobile phone plastics 2009; Journal of Hazardous Materials,161,183-188 Sutarto E,.(2008).,Identifikasi Pola Aliran E-Waste Komputer Dan Komponennya Di Bandung, ITB Bandung

16

Indonesia is Beautiful

Tammya Ayu

By: Sumayya TL’12 18

highlight

19

h i g h li g ht

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

E-WASTE

IN INDONESIA E

lectronic waste (E-waste) is a waste from electronic equipment that have been damaged and no longer in use by its owner, both the community and industry. For example, a former television, used mobile phones, batteries, and others. Increased usage of electronic goods would generate an increase in the amount of electronic waste in society, including in Indonesia. In the early 2000s it’s still difficult to find people using mobile phones, whereas at the present time almost all elements of society have cell phones. Another example is the use of television that is still hard to find in the 1990s, unlike today where almost every home has at least one television with models and specifica-

20

By: Randyka Septa Nugraha TL’13

tions that are certainly different from the 1990s television.

An increasing number of electronic waste will certainly cause environmental problems if it is not done special treatment, because electronic waste has a high metal content and they are diverse. Metals contained in electronic waste are toxic to the human body, such as antimony, chromium, zinc, lead, silver, and copper. If heavy metals are in direct contact with humans continuously, it will poison and cause damage to the human body. To prevent that, it takes special care in the management of electronic waste is.

According from a data from Greenpeace, it is estimated that the amount of electronic waste globally ranged from 20 million tons to 50 million tons per year. The amount of electronic waste is increasing because consumers tend to replace computers, cell phones, and printers a lot faster than ever before. Electronic waste production here at home is considered not as much as the US and European countries. However, Indonesia has a higher potential to produce electronic waste because of the behavior of the society is increasingly consumptive of electronic goods. Indonesia has the potential to be a big market later on when the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) has been implemented. This can be a time bomb if it is not treated properly from now on.

Heavy metal poisoning can occur when electronic waste is not treated properly. Electronic waste that accumulate in one place can be toxic to the surrounding environment both soil and seepage of rain water on a pile of electronic waste into the ground. If people consume the water from the groundwater, then the public will experience heavy metal poisoning. If there’s no proper treatment, the Minamata disease that happens in Japan could happen in Indonesia.

Indonesia has a law that is regulating electronic waste, which is the UU No. 18 of 2008. In this law states that specific waste management such as electronic waste will be done by the government. However, no one obeys the rules.

Currently, the processing of electronic waste is still a done in a landfill. The landfill method in Indonesia is done by mixing all the garbage somewhere and fill it bury it in the ground. In practice, the landfill tends to not be maintained properly and transformed into an open dumping. Stacking open garbage can endanger the health of surrounding communities. In addition, there are many landfill in Indonesia, which does not have a leachate treatment system (garbage seepage water) so that it can poison the soil and the surrounding waters.

ardous waste such as PPLI, PT. TLI, and PT. Triata Mulia Indonesia. Toxic and hazardous waste processing business is a business that has a high opportunity, although the risk is also high.

One of the obstacles faced by businesses in the field of waste management licensing toxic and hazarous waste is associated with the transport, processing, collection, and others. In addition, specific waste management such as electronic waste do not reach all areas in Indonesia so that the handling of electronic waste is only done in a few cities. The government role in the handling of electronic waste is mainly in areas far from the city center.

In UU No. 18 of 2008, there is a clause which states that manufacturers are responsible for garbage that is difficult to unravel. This can be attributed to the application of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). EPR is extending the concept of environmental responsibility to the cost of production of a product, not just the main products, packaging products also includes the cost of dependents. From this EPR, producers will handle waste production in various ways, for example, save the use of raw materials and making products that have a longer lifespan. EPR concept has been implemented in many industries in Indonesia. electronics products with a long lifespan can prevent the generation and accumulation of electronic waste in the near future.

In the end, the central government must pay attention to the problems that will be caused by this electronic waste. Governments can make a reservoir area of electronic waste that can be processed easily, because Indonesia itself still has a special place to accommodate electronic garbage. In addition, the government must reinforce the EPR program so that the industry can reduce the potential for waste generation, particularly electronic waste. The government should also clarify and facilitate those who wish to assist in the management of electronic waste.

It has been quite a lot of institutions engaged in the treatment and disposal of toxic and haz-

21

f o t o g ra f i

Indonesia

“Is this how you want your beautiful country to be remembered?”

Tina Pascarini

f o t o gra f i

“We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children�

Tammya Ayu

e ve nt s

By: Reza Eka Putra TL’12

DESA MITRA The determination of the guided village for the Desa Mitra HMTL work program is Dangdeur Village, which will be further developed on the rural infrastructure in the clean water infrastructure sector. In Dangdeur Village, there is a river called the Cimanuk River which has the potential on being used as a water rafting arena for the newcomers and as a clean water source that can be used by the villagers. The problems related to the infrastructure owned by the Dangdeur Village is the water supply system, which is a vital necessity to the society for domestic activities and agricultural irrigation. The water supply system is considered not optimal yet, especially in the dry season.

The agriculture sector is the main livelihood of the most citizens of Dangdeur Village. This is something that we have to concern about because there is a lack of clean water resources for irrigation in the Dangdeur Village. Most of the farmers are applying the rainfed system, a system where the wetland’s source of irrigation water depends on or is derived from the rain. So 26

2 0 1 6

in a period of one year, the harvest can only be done once in the rainy season. Another potential that they have is the development of processed products such as cassava that is turned into kecimpring and processed corn. As for the educational aspect, the child’s age group considers the high enthusiasm of the children to learn English. In principle, the appropriate technology development plan will be adapted by the level of education of the society, so that the technology applied can be easily accepted and used by the community.

In an attempt to get closer to the community, the Desa Mitra HMTL2016 held a social events such as live in Cisalam and Patrol Village, Dangdeur Village. The peak of the Desa Mitra 2016 event series was held on the 11th to 15th of January 2016. In this activity, participants were divided into small groups, each group were placed in the villager’s homes to blend in with the residents and to follow their daily activities. There were 35 students that are recorded as participants of the Desa Mi

Environmental Engineering Student Association (HMTL) ITB organizes a community service in the Dangdeur village, Banyuresmi Subang district in the early 2016. The HMTL community service activity is commonly known as Desa Mitra HMTL which is a superior program of work that is routinely carried out every year since 2010. The background for Desa Mitra HMTL 2016 is that, this is an attempt done by the students of Environmental Engineering ITB to apply their knowledge that they’ve obtained in class in order to create concrete solutions for the environmental issues and problems that are happening in the community. Judging from the Desa Mitra vision, the main focus of the activity is to actualize a guided village that is independent in the management of clean water. Through this activity, the environmental engineering students are expected to improve their sensitivity and their concern to contribute to the community and see the real applications of the environmental engineering field, which is the utilization of environmental resources by using the appropriate technologies.

tra 2016 event and were deployed to occupy the resident’s houses.

The students were trying to adapt to the citizens through their daily activities at home or even their daily routines, such as in the fields and rice paddies. Other activities include teaching the citizens on environmental friendliness, as well as teaching the younger elementary students on 3Rs reduce, reuse, and recycle, how to minimize the amount of waste generation, application of science experiments, and composting training for the farmers by doing a demonstration on making conventional compost. The social work activity that were done was community service. This method was done as an attempt to increase the citizens’ sensitivity so that they care about the importance of preserving the environment, and they no longer pollute the environment. Other than that, a religious activity were done to strengthen the relationship through recitals.

The closing ceremony was done in order to strengthen the relationship of the students and the residents. The event was enlivened with a volleyball match, and an organized gathering with

the citizens in the form of a buffet. The family atmosphere was felt in a session where the students and the residents greet each other shaking hands and greeting each other while conveying meaningful messages.

The activity was done in five days. It is hoped that it will increase the students’ interaction with the citizens. Desa Mitra this year was realized by HMTL ITB was done to improve the welfare of the community by improving the quality of the community’s capacity. Even so, the major role to execute it, is the community. A form of devotion to the community in the form of an activity to solve a problem in a society on development plan based on the results of the potential mapping and social.

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h i g h li g ht

3r e Waste

By: Najla Nadhia R TL’12

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

T

oday we live in the era of technology that continues to innovate.

Manufacturers of mobile phones, laptops and other gadgets are racing to meet the electronics market with its newest product. But with the increasing number of new goods production, the electronic waste produced is also increasing rapidly. This causes a rapid growth of e-waste generated into municipal waste.

The increasing amount of waste piles is causing several problems in the environment. Electronic waste contains hazardous chemicals such as mercury, copper, cadmium and other heavy metals that can contaminate soil and groundwater. Things that can be done to reduce these risks is the application of the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle). Various types of electronic devices can be recycled, such as computers, monitors, printers, scanners, fax machines, copiers, network devices (routers, hubs, modems, etc.), peripherals (keyboard, mouse, cables, chargers, etc.) and so on.

30

In most developed countries, the implementation of the 3R concept in the handling of e-waste has become a liability, and there are laws banning the disposal of e-waste in landfills. E-waste collected at recycling centers are grouped by type. Components that contain heavy metals will be released beforehand.

Components that still contain material that has economic value will be seperated as well. This process is done manually by workers.

Components that are not used will be chopped with a garbage shredder to reduce its size. Then a garbage sorting machine will separate the e-waste based on the material, such as iron, PVC, etc.

The separation was performed with some of the principles of separation, such as seperation according to weight will be done with an airflow, or separation based on the properties of the material will be done with the help of magnets. A more uniform material will facilitate the next process, which is the manufacturing factory of raw materials such as plastic seed and copper ore.

“We live in a disposable society. It’s easier to throw things out than to fix them.”

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

So, what can we do to reduce the amount of electronic waste? Even simple things can give good impact to the environment, for example:

1.

2.

3.

Buying gadgets as necessary.

Take care of electronic goods.

Repairing electronic goods that have been damaged.

4.

5.

6.

Minimize the disposal of electronic devices by donating or selling it.

Using components of electronic devices that can be used.

Submit electronic items to a certified recycling centers.

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

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a r o u n d t he w orl d

By: Mega Liani Putri TL’13

32

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a r o u n d t he w orl d

E-Waste in Ghana

One of the favorite destinations of shipping containers of e-waste is on of the African country, Ghana.

W

hen a family decides to buy a new television, a kid buys a new mobile phone, an industry changes their

computer devices to improve their work efficiency, or a photocopy place changes their photocopy machine with a new one, that’s when millions of electronic waste are being produced which gradually overwhelm the planet. This type of garbage, like garbage in general, sometimes still have value. For that

By: Tatwadhika Siddharta TL’13

reason the e-waste in an organized manner, whether legal or not, are packaged in the form of containers to be sent to developing countries that wish to take advantage of this electronic scrap.

Every day, in the urban markets, there are black smoke billowing. Among these items, there are colorful wires, electric circuit, and a old joystick. Some items that still look presentable and attractive are collected by the local people that earns a living from this pile of electronic waste.

In Agbogbloshie, a lot of people who’s lives depend on these electronic trash. Some parts of an old television to old mobile phones are collected by cutting, burning, and other meth-

AGBOGBLOSHIE

is one corner of the city of Accra, the capital of Ghana. As the largest city in Ghana with a population of about 2 million people, this city is often the destination for e-waste disposal.

34

tor. The informal sector includes electronic assemblers to scavengers.

The recovery process generally has three methods: the restoration of the initial function, taking a particular material, and using it as an energy source. With restoration of the initial function, various types of technology such as computers, refrigerators, printers, etc can be bought at a low price, which is almost 90% less than the original price. So do not be surprised, if you ever go to Ghana, you will see with dozens or even hundreds of different place to repair your electronic devices.

If it turns out the equipment can no longer be repaired, then the next option is to take the elements that still have value such as aluminum, cadmium, mercury, gold, silver, copper, plastic, glass, and palladium. Unfortunately, this decision is rarely followed by the procedure in accordance with the standards of both safety and health standards.

SOURCE: GOOGLE.COM

ods so that they can get the lead without any proper safety. There, the key to obtain money is speed on finding seconhand and scraps, not safety.

At first, the arrival of e-waste from various countries of the world was the initial intention of the government of Ghana to accelerate the growth of the country by accelerating in the IT field. It was hoped that Ghana could become a country that is rich of information ranging from schools, public facilities, even up to the restaurant to have a system of information, communication and technology viable. To that end, the government in collaboration with a computer assembler company managed to distribute 60,000 laptops for free to all corners of the country.

There are two important elements in the management of e-waste in Ghana, namely the recovery and the disposal. Recovery is an attempt to recapture the benefits of e-waste.

While disposal is the disposal of the remnants of e-waste after the recovery process. 90% of management is managed by the informal sec-

When all the elements desired has been obtained, then there’s only two the fate left for the e-waste, which are being burned or dumped in a disposal area as landfill. Either way, the two effects are bad for the environment. Combustion obviously lead to air pollution, while the landfill of e-waste has great potential to cause soil contamination.

You can see that a lack of influence of the formal sector can also be blamed as the cause of significant adverse impacts on the management of e-waste in Ghana. There is a lack of government interference in the conduct of state-of-act-technique that can ensure the management of technology will be done better. As a first step, the government should be able to eliminate all forms of illegal management, improper technology, and the illegal import of e-waste. Another important step is the preparation of relevant regulations. As a first step, the government of Ghana has also signed international conventions in this regard. For example, the Basel Convention related to the regulation on transferring dangerous goods including e-waste. But unfortunately, this signing has not been followed by real application by the people of Ghana.

35

f o t o gr a f i

Ti na Pa s ca ri n i

Hello, Sempu

li f e st y l e

RENEW BINS Recycling Nation’s Electronic Waste

By: Ratrisa Priska K TL’12

SOURCE: COMMUNITY.STARHUB.COM

What is RENEW?

REcycling Nation’s Electronic Waste (RENEW) is a program of cooperation between DHL, StarHub and TES-AMM that provide opportunities for people of Singapore to recycle their electronic waste. The national program was held with the support of Ministry of Environment and Water Resources and the National Environment Agency. This started from the StarHub E-Waste Recycling Programme, a program launched by StarHub as communications service providers and retail electronic products and TES-AMM as a company on recycling electronic waste.

What prompted the launching of the RENEW program for the people of Singapore?

Rapid technological developments, the decline in the price of electronic goods and drastically shorter lifespan of the electronic goods are among the main factors causing the increasing amount of electronic waste worldwide. Within a year, the National Environment Agency estimates that the annual production quantities of electronic waste by the Singapore community are about 60,000 tons, and they came from households and industry. According to the International Environmental Technology Centre of the United Nations Environment Programme, electronic waste which has undergone a recycling process are only about 20% of the total amount of electronic waste produced worldwide.

That means, there’s almost no chance for individual consumers to recycle electronic waste that they produce. In fact, electronic wastes contain hazardous materials such as mercury, cadmium and sulfur which can have a negative impact on the environment if not handled with a proper treatment.

Since when has RENEW program been implemented?

The signing of the MoU between DHL, StarHub and TES-AMM regarding the cooperation on the implementation of RENEW programme was conducted on September 16, 2014, witnessed

by Dr Vivian Balakrishnan as the Minister of Environment and Water Resources, Singapore.

Until now, the program is still ongoing with an increasing number of RENEW bins in various locations that are accessible to the public in Singapore.

What’s been done in the RENEW program?

In the implementation of the RENEW program, the three parties have different responsibilities.

StarHub is responsible for finding potential sites for placement of the new RENEW bins. In addition, StarHub is also in charge of finding a supplier to provide RENEW bins to the new location. Meanwhile, DHL is responsible on managing the collection and delivery systems of all the electronic waste from the RENEW bins towards the electronic waste recycling facilities owned by TES-AMM. Until now, the RENEW program has managed to recycle more than 40.4 tons of electronic waste from all regions in Singapore.

What kind of electronic waste that can be put into the bins RENEW?

Almost all types of electronic waste that does not exceed the size of 470 mm x 120 mm can be recycled at the RENEW bins. Some types of electronic waste, among other CD / DVD, mobile phones, printers, telephones, cables, keyboards, modems, VCD / DVD players, laptops, Lithium-ion battery, and a car stereo.

Is RENEW program has the potential to be applied in Indonesia?

If the RENEW program will be implemented in Indonesia, people have to realize the importance of the processing of electronic waste legally so they won’t choose to sell their waste to the informal sector. In addition, electronic waste processing industry also need to be convinced to cooperate by adopting this program as a form of Corporate Social Responsibility. Government support as state executive agencies also need to be considered in order to create sustainable forms of cooperation.

39

pr o f i l

E-WASTE with, Ir. Indah Rachmatiah Siti Salami, M.Sc., Ph.D

In many developing countries the informal sector that recycles e-waste as a livelihood. They did not use the procedure that is safe and realize that what they do can impair their health and even the people around the recycling e-waste area. The problem is happening in Indonesia today. With Ir. Indah Rachmatiah Siti Salami, M.Sc., Ph.D., professor of Environmental Engineering ITB, enviro will discuss the impact of e-waste recycling on health.

40

1.

What is the reason for your ment Neurotoxicants in E-waste: An Emerging Health Concern) it can be from Pb, Hg, interest in e-waste?

I had just started, my concern here is because the amount of e-waste is increasing.

So e-waste are not only mobile phones but can also be televisions and all the electronics that are discarded because they are not needed anymore.

2. What is the problem of e-waste at the moment?

Perhaps the problem is because e-waste contains various compounds. Well if we throw them away, they can be very dangerous, such as a persistent substance, it can be harmful to our health in the long run so I was concerned about the use of e-waste.

In general, the whole world has this problem, only the handling is different. And the problem is essentially in the developing countries because they save their disposed e-waste for recycling. In theory it’s good because it could be recycled, but the problem is, e-waste contains dangerous components and most of them are not recycled in the plant but they are recycled individually by people who does not pay attention to safety and health.

3.

So what are the harmful components?

There are so many harmful component, according to Chen’s paper on 2011 (Develop-

Dioxin, Furan. For example, Pb can can be harmful to pregnant women. The pb cancan get into the fetus that can be harmful to the next generation and can cause mixed chronic exposure. So that more or less can affect attention, executive function, the motor function, and behavior thatmost affect neurotransmitan.

4.

Which countries are most problematic with e-waste?

The biggest problem is in China and the second is in India. In Indonesia, it is not visible yet, because Indonesia is not a country that openly accepts e-waste. E-waste is definitely a harmful and hazardous waste but developed countries does not manage their own e-waste so they send them to other countries that process e-waste.

5.

Why are developed countries that produce e-waste do not process their e-waste?

I’ve asked people from developed countries, why they do not process e-waste.

They actually do, but it is not economically attractive. Sometimes they have to add money to process them. So only a few are aware of the dangers of processing them. In the end, developing countries like ours are the ones that have to process them again.

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6.

How’s the result on your research on E-waste in Bandung?

I did very early research in an area in the city that recycles used batteries. In one elementary school, just by looking at the students report card, we can already see the difference in the children whose parents do recycling and those who are not. The exposed kids are only 15%. Indeed, the difference is small but it is feared that a small difference is not considered, so that over time it can cause interference with the ability of learning, comprehension ability, IQ, behavior, and they’re sometimes a little more “active”.

7. Why are children being sampled in the research?

Because the susceptibility of young children to the disease is still lower compared to the adults.

8.

What is the role of government in this regard?

I think when you get in government, it seems clear that in Indonesia which we ratified Bassel thus not approve on shipping secondhand goods as such. Actually, KLH

has an existing policy on e-waste, but Hg on e-waste hasn’t been clear because there are not many reports on it. But there is a study in UI on the area Cinangka that recycles used batteries, and they even test the human blood. They are exposed by air and there is a difference on the people who are exposed and those who are not. And it’s all done informally so it is difficult to control.

9.

What can we do next?

We just have to be aware of the problem of e-waste, but perhaps management is further considered whether it is given back to the manufacturer because the manufacturer knows the exact product. I think it’s the easiest, but the problem again is in the producer on what to do with it. Should it be processed further in the factory or what. For those who recycle their e-waste illegally, we have to inform them that this work can give money but it is extremely dangerous. We have to think about a more secure method on recycling e-waste. We can’t just forbid them to recycle the e-waste because they won’t listen to us. Some of them are finding money from recycling e-waste. For me, i think we should develop a legal technology to recover e-waste. This should be the goal.

So we do not need mine anymore, but it needs a developed technology, tools, and it’ll be a long-term as well.

Ir. Indah Rachmatiah Siti Salami, M.Sc., Ph.Dt Educational Background : Bachelor, Environmental Engineering-ITB 1988 Master, Univ. of Newcastle upon Tyne, England 1993 Doctorate, Univ. of Newcastle upon Tyne, England 2000 Profession, Environmental Engineering Professor - ITB Specialist, Environmental healt and Safety Management 41

Indonesia

“We live in a wonderful world that is full of beauty, charm and adventure.

There is no end to the adventures that we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open.�

-Jawaharlal Nehru

Did you know

?

E-Waste Edition

• Approximately 20-50 million cubic tons of e-waste are produced in the world each year (5% of the total solid waste). When the computer is no longer used, these objects left lead, Cadmium, Mercury and other hazardous waste.

• Based on the Environmental Protection Agency, experts estimate that recycling one million cell phones can recover about 24 kg of gold, 250 kg silver, 9 kg Palladium, and more than 9000 kg of copper.

• One cubic tons of electronic waste from Personal Computer (PC) contains more gold than can be taken from 17 tons of gold ore. In 1998, the amount of gold recovered from electronic scrap in the United States is equivalent to the gold that can be recovered from more than 2 million cubic tons of gold ore.

• Recycling used aluminum can saves up to 90% of energy from all energy required to mine new aluminum • Based on the data from the United Nations, around 70% of electronic waste produced globally end up in China 44

• In South Africa and China, it is predicted the ammount of e-waste will increase up to 200-400 percent in 2020.

•According to the data from the UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), the global e-waste grows 40 million tons annually. Used mobile phones and personal computers are the largest contributor, followed by gold and silver 3%, 13% palladium and cobalt 15%.

• 2% of electronic waste would be equivalent to 70% of toxic waste in landfills. Extreme amounts of lead in electronics are capable of causing damage to the central nervous system, peripheral, blood and kidneys.

• Due to the rapid production of electronics, especially computers, only about 15% of computer are being recycled, which means 85% are in the trash.

• Approximately 50 million mobile phones are replaced within a month worldwide. Only about 10% are being recycled. If 1 million cell phones are being recycled, it will reduce gas emission equivalent to gas produced by 1,358 cars for a year.

•E-waste is the fastest growing segment of the municipal solid waste production.

• E-waste contains many valuable materials that can be recovered, such as aluminum, copper, gold, silver, plastic, ferrous metals.

• Based on the United Nation Report, April 2013 about “E-Waste in China,” Guiyu (one of the cities in China) suffered an environmental disaster as a result of the wide scale use of e-waste industry in the area.

• Many toxic pollution that comes from burning circuit boards, plastic and copper cables, or rinsing e-waste with hydrochloric acid to reclaim valuable metals such as copper and iron. By doing so, it can contaminate the workers and the environment with toxic heavy metals such as beryllium, cadmium, simultaneously releasing hydrocarbon ashes into the air, soil, and water.

• Many e-waste comes from illegal transactions because, based on the United Nations, there is a specific prohibition against electronic waste being transferred from developed countries like the United States to developing countries like China and Vietnam

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By: Yobel Novian Putra TL’13

SUMBER: GOOGLE.COM

Who doesn’t know electronic waste, or most commonly known as e-waste? In a class, some stuWho asked doesn’ton know waste, or most known e-waste?

In not a class, some students were howelectronic many handphones havecommonly they had in their as entire life. It’s suprising that asked on said how that manythey’ve handphones hadthan in their life. It’s not almostdents all ofwere the students had athave leastthey more twoentire handphones in suprising their life. that The almost all of the students said that they’ve had at least more than two handphones in their life.

The same answer were given when they were asked about other electronics, such as laptop, computer, same answer were given when they were asked about other electronics, such as laptop, computer, and other electronic household. From those answers, we know that the lifespan of new modern and other electronic household. From those answers, we know that the lifespan of new modern technologies are very Because of that, there’s an an accumulation technologies are short. very short.

Because of that, there’s accumulationand andan anincreasing increasing ammount ammount of e-waste in theinworld everyevery year.year. of e-waste the world The lifespan of new products are are veryvery gered.

The environment The lifespan ofelectronic new electronic products gered.

The environmentininthe theregion region is is threatthreatshort which is oneisof theofreason whywhy consumbecause ofofthe short which one the reason consum- ened ened because themethod methodused used for for recycling recycling er, private business sector, and the used er, private business sector, and government the government metal, metal,wire, wire,and andother other components components of used of United of America produce more electronic goodsare arenot notappropriate. appropriate. One of of United StatesStates of America produce more thanthan electronic goods of three million tonnes of e-waste each year.

Unthe biggest e-waste disposal area in the world three million tonnes of e-waste each year. Un- the biggest e-waste disposal area in the world isis til now, most e-waste produced from the dethe Agbogbloshie area in Accra, Ghana, Africa. til now, most e-waste produced from the de- the Agbogbloshie area in Accra, Ghana, Africa. veloped countries are sent to the developing NotNot only largest,but butthis this landfill landfill was was also veloped countries are sent to the developing only thethelargest, also countries be reused or even disposed. nominated oneofofthe themost most polluted polluted places places countries to betoreused or even disposed.

TheThe nominated asasone community of developed countries have unin the world after Chernobyl.

Recycling worker community of developed countries have un- in the world after Chernobyl. Recycling worker derstood that e-waste haspotential the potential on pol- there, there, especiallythe thechildren, children, burn burn cables cables and derstood that e-waste has the on polespecially and the environment and a source of health other gadgets just to get a bit of copper, lead, luting luting the environment andthat, a source of health just toDue getto a bit copper, lead, problems.

Other than e-waste treatment other andgadgets heavy metals. the of very poor manproblems.

Othersaid than that, treatment heavy metals.

Due to the very suffer poor manhas been to be verye-waste expensive because of andagement methods, many children from has been very expensiveofbecause of agement methods, many children suffer the said high to riskbeand complexity the treatment cancer, organ damage, lead poisoning.

Soil,from wathe high complexityAlthough of the treatment organ lead poisoning.

Soil, waandrisk the and management. right now in cancer, ter, and the damage, air was polluted by combustion so and the Although now insaw ter,that andthe thespread air was polluted combustion so themanagement. developing countries, theright community of the diseasebycan result in largthe developing countries, theincommunity saw thaterthe of theThe disease result in largthe economic potential recycling e-waste. andspread wider scale. “cost”can of the damage to the economic potential recycling e-waste. wider scale. and The health “cost” is ofwhat the damage to The e-waste recyclinginprocess produce valuable er and the environment causes the metals recycling and toxic metals the used electron- thedeveloped countries to dispose their causes e-wastethe to The e-waste processfrom produce valuable environment and health is what ic products. the developing countries in order to avoid this metals and toxic metals from the used electron- developed countries to dispose their e-waste to “payment”. ic products. theindirect developing countries in order to avoid this The problem is, this process is currently carried indirect “payment”. out in developing countries and the environApart from the adverse effect that has occurred, The problem is, this process is currently carried pollution factors and are often overlooked. Apart please in fact there potential for out inmental developing countries the environfromnote the that adverse effect thatis has occurred, 2011, more than 2.5 million tons of e-waste please enormous business behind this.

If managed mentalIn pollution factors are often overlooked. note that in fact there is potential for (equivalent to 2.5 million cars) were disposed well, this recycle process can recover precious In 2011, than 2.5 million tons of e-waste business this. the If managed to more the developing countries where the labors enormous metals and removebehind toxins from environ(equivalent to 2.5 million cars) were disposed this In recycle process are unprotected and family’s health are endan- well, ment.

America, therecan are recover currentlyprecious 42,000 to the developing countries where the labors metals and remove toxins from the environare unprotected and family’s health are endan- ment. In America, there are currently 42,000

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certified e-waste recycling business, where the annual profit reached about 1 billion US dollars. Even in Los Angeles, recycling e-waste are turned into jobs for the perpetrators of criminal acts. With the clear rules concerning the management of e-waste, e-waste recycling business in Europe produced 1.3 billion US dollars in 2012 and it is estimated that it will produce about 1.79 billion US dollars in 2020.

As a developing country, Indonesia as one of the country’s largest consumer in electronics goods in Southeast Asia have a similar potential. The reason why not many entrepreneurs keep track of these business opportunities are because of the licensing. In Indonesia, e-waste is categorized as B3 waste (Hazardous and Toxic). The nature of hazardous and toxic waste is that they are mostly explosive, flammable, reactive, toxic, corrosive, and other properties that causes a lot of technical aspects with a high difficulty level and they need to be met in order for a business unit management and treatment of e-waste, especially hazardous and toxic waste, can operate.

In addition, it needs strict licensing which must be met by the potential business owners.

Licensing is a permission issued by the Ministry of Environment in accordance with applicable regulations. KLH is currently doing the permitting process for the hazardous and toxic waste management (collection, use, treatment, stockpiling, and waste disposal of hazardous and toxic waste) and waste disposal. Some of the relevant regulations are: 1.UU 32/2009 on the Protection and Environmental Management; 2.PP 18/1999 juncto PP 85/1999 on Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste; 3.PermenLH 18/2009 on Licensing Procedures for Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes; 4.Decree of the Head BAPPEDAL No: KEP-03/ BAPEDAL/09/1995 on Technical Requirements Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes; and Here are the general conditions that must be met in order to carry out the management and treatment of hazardous and toxic waste 1. Environmental documents (AMDAL atau UKLUPL)*; 2.Articles of the Company applicant who has been covering the field / sub-field of hazardous and toxic waste management activities (collection, use, treatment, and hazardous and toxic waste landfilling); 3.Location permit; Business license (SIUP) Building permit (IMB); 4.Disturbance permit (HO); Environmental pollution insurance photocopy; 5.Having a laboratory analysis or hazardous and toxic waste analysis tool at the site of activity; 6.An educated workforce in the field of analysis and management of hazardous and toxic waste;

SUMBER: GOOGLE.COM

7.Description of Location (Venue / location, area, the coordinates); 8.The types of hazardous and toxic waste managed; 9.The amount of hazardous and toxic waste (for each type of hazardous and toxic waste) that will be managed; 10.Characteristics of each type of hazardous and toxic waste that will be managed; 11.Construction area design for the hazardous and toxic waste management; 12.The complete flowsheet of the management process; 13.Description of each type and specifications on management and equipment used; 14.Equipment for emergency response; 15.Drainage channels layout for hazardous and toxic waste collection in the liquid phase.

This request can be submitted to the Ministry of Environment within the period and certain administrative cost.

However difficult it is to get a business license for the management and the treatment of hazardous and toxic waste, but when you have the license and all the venture capital has been fulfilled, then the business of recycling e-waste will provide benefits for you and for the environment. Moreover, there are only few competitors for this type of business in Indonesia. So, are you interested in doing this high-risks-highgain business?

Source : http://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahmckinney/2013/12/12/how-e-waste-is-creating-jobsfor-people-with-criminal-records-in-los-angeles/ http://www.earth911.com/work/federal-ewaste-bill-new-jobs/ http://triplehelixblog.com/2014/07/e-wasteour-choice-between-polluting-and-creatingamerican-recycling-jobs/

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Bagus, Teknik Elektro 2013 The majority of e-waste are considered hazardous, especially those containing heavy metals or flammable materials. There’s almost no safe e-waste, such as used batteries that are considered explosive and plastic wrap for leftover components or pieces of harmful components.

Unused batteries should be stored or dismantled and sought that can still be used. While the electronic components should not be directly disposed and should be stored, especially the expensive components such as motors, dynamos, lipo battery charge, and circuits such as microcontroller.

YOU SAY SO Andi Andreas, Teknik Lingkungan 2014 E-waste is very dangerous if it’s disposed of carelessly. For example, used batteries are often carelessly discarded and they can pose new environmental problems.

An efforts to reduce e-waste is by treat your electronics properly so they’ll be more durable and not easily damaged so it does not become waste.

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Ajie Azhary, Teknik Mesin 2012 E-waste today may escape the attention of the people of Indonesia. Waste sorting is still struggling around the organic and inorganic waste, whereas e-waste has the potential for great danger. The issue of e-waste needs to be appointed so that the public is more aware, since the production of electronic waste are closely related to today’s lifestyle. For example, people now tend to frequently change their gadget. Emerging paradigm is that electronic junk and used batteries are often equated with ordinary garbage, whereas this type of garbage requires special treatment. Indiscriminate disposal can harm the environment and endanger human health.

Several attempts to reduce e-waste is to treat your electronic devices properly, do not replace your mobile phone if the reason behind it is to just follow trends, purchase equipment as needed, do not buy used products in order to for your devices to have a longer lifespan, use rechargeable batteries if you can, and make sure the appliance manufacturer have recycling facilities, so that when it’s not in use, the e-waste can be recycled.

Nibrosul Muhammad, Teknik Elektro 2013 ¬E-waste can’t be thrown away carelessly and needs special handling. Because of e-waste in Indonesia are generally categorized as inorganic waste, they need to be separated and treated with the existing technology. Now, there’s a lot of semi-conductor materials that has a better quality, but it would be dangerous if it’s disposed directly into the environment.

To reduce e-waste, you can maximize the items that can still be used and delay buying goods with specification that are more tempting.

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environmental engineering BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Envionmental Engineering is a field of study that learns about curative an preventice action, which can be done to save our environment, consist of water, ground, air, and environmental hygiene through engineering approach. Environmental engineering is motivated by comprehension means to preotect human health and safety from diseases and pollutant exposed in the ground, water, and air through engineering approach. So what will we study as environmental engineer candidate?

1. drinking and clean water engineering Environmental engineer study about how to design the Water Treatment Plant, the processes involved, and how to distribute the water appropriate to the community’s necessity.

6. environmental health andtoxicology This aspect contains these elements: environment, diseases, outspread pathways, and how to measure toxicity level and its hazard level to the environment.

2. DOMESTIC WASTEWATER ENGINEERING This aspect is a study about wastewater treatment unit’s process and design such as septic tank and Wastewater Treatment Plant. Plus, about drainage design which function as flood prevention.

7. community sanitation In this aspect, environmental engineer will study about how to provide sanitation and water infrastructure appropriate to community characters in specific area.

3. industrial wastewater engineering This is a study about how to design the Wastewater Treatment Plant for industries and about the processes involved in the treatment. Therefore, the wastewater quality may reach the safe concentration to be discharged into the environment.

4. hazardous waste management Substances with harmful and toxic characteristic used in industries will be generated as waste which is very harmful to the environment and to the human health as well. Environmental Engineer will study about how to handle those hazardous waste.

5. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Decent ways to manage the domestic solid waste, from sorting at the source to optimizing the landfill design, will be studied in the Environmental Engineering Department.

8. air pollution control and management In this sector, we study about the air, from emission dispersion of industries’ stack to measuring pollutant levels in a city. This aspect also study about how to design air pollution control device in order to control the pollutant from the industries so it won’t soil the environment.

9. environmental management In environmental management, we will study about case modeling related to environmental issues, environmental risk analysis from human activities, environmental management system application, occupational health and safety, etc.

10. clean technology In this topic, we study about the 3R application (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in the industry. Not only reducing waste generation, clean technology may bring out other advantages such as increasing production rate or decreasing raw material consumption.

ABOUT

hmtl B

andung Institute of Technology Environmental Engineering Students Association’s (HMTL ITB) was founded simultaneously with Bandung Institute of Technology Sanitary Engineering on the 10th of November 1962.

As Sanitary Engineering changed name to Environmental Engineering, the ITB Sanitary Engineering Studens Association (HMTP ITB) also changed its name into ITB Environmental Engineering Students Association on the 10th of November 1988. vironmental engineer students’ “vessel” to work, study, and develop their potency in accordance with formal education in Environmental Engineering Department. HMTL has a symbol, which has a certain meaning related to the environmental engineering department. The Kalpataru Tree on the symbol means environment itself.

The black bold lines above and belove the symbol means T (for Teknik or Engineering) and L (for Lingkungan or Environmental). The five lines on the left and right means the five majors in environmental engineering, which are water, air, environmental management, health, and solid waste. The blue-colored waves means water.

The ganesha image on the bottom left corner means ITB. Every year, HMTL has programs with environment theme. This year (2015/2016), led by Ricky

Alamsyah, HMTL has two big programs which are the Village Partnership (Desa Mitra) and ECOPROJECT. Desa Mitra HMTL 2014 (held last year) was held in Cimanggu village (Cibayun), West Bandung. This year, Desa Mitra HMTL 2015 will be held in the Dangdeur Village, Garut District. The goal of this program is to help provide enough clean water to the people in the village.

Other than Desa Mitra, the other program held

by HMTL ITB which also has an environment theme, is ECOPROJECT. ECOPROJECT 2015 will bring the “The Appropriate Technology on Domestic Solid Waste Management” as a major topic which is a very popular issue in Indonesia.

ECOPROJECT will be held on the 30th and 31st of January 2016 with four main events, which are the Idea Challenge, Festival, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and Seminars.

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Surf the Net www.simsrecycling.com This site is responsible for the reuse and recycling of electronic goods that have been unused.

www.e-wastes.com E-waste is an institution in Washington that has been certified as E-Cycle Collector, Transporter and Processor. This institution has a mission to recycle electronic waste safely and environmentally friendly.

www.zerowaste.sa.gov.au Zero Waste SA is a South Australia government organization that allows people to increase recycling and reduce waste both at home and in the workplace or industry.

www.lesecologycenter.org The Lower East Side Ecology Center is the first organization to offer a program of community-based recycling and composting in New York. Currently, the Ecology Center offers educational composting, recycling of electronic waste, the management of public open space, and environmental education.

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