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2018
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ISSN 2537-7744
JANUARY 2018
ISSN 2537-7744 9
772537
774006
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772537
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Printed in New Zealand by PMP LIMITED, Auckland. D IS C L A I M E R The publisher cannot accept responsibility for any unsolicited material lost or damaged in the post. All text and layout is the copyright of Auckland Entrepreneurs Group Limited. Nothing in this magazine may be reproduced in whole or part without the written permission of the publisher. © Auckland Entrepreneurs Group Limited 2017 All articles and graphical illustrations were created and provided by TechnoBatyr LLP, Kazakhstan.
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COMMISSIONING EDITOR EDITORS ADVERTISING, SALES & SUBSCRIPTION DELIVERY & IT
SOCIAL MEDIA
Auckland Entrepreneurs Group Limited ESKA Limited Svetlana Strizheva
ART DIRECTION
Gamzat Biyarov
Alexander Fisher
Alexandr Tkachev
DESIGNERS
Rose Hinman, Kalea Power
Olzhas Issenov
Svetlana Strizheva
Zhandos Khaydar Madina Zholdybekova
Eduard Strizhev
Ainur Abdrakhmanova
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PHYSICS
What is Surface Tension? How many Types of Ice exist? Why is there only one type on our planet? p. 10
p. 14
CHEMISTRY
How does Soap work? p. 20
BIOLOGY
How do
Plants
TABLЕ OF СОNTЕNS
endure unfavourable conditions? p. 24
GIZMO
About the
Petri Dish and its history p. 4
ANATOMY
Why are there Gyri and Sulci on the brain’s surface? p. 30
TECHNOLOGY
Braille text. How are books for the blind written? Do they have pictures? p. 52 ASTRONOMY
What’s the point of studying the
Surfaces of Other Planets? p. 38
TECHNOLOGY
How did Roads appear?
p. 74
Can we Cheat Our Memories? p. 36
Why should we build Artificial Islands? p. 56 How did
Paper
develop? p. 61
PSYCHOLOGY
Q&A
How did A4 Paper get its size? p. 66
DOING BUSINESS
The rise and fall of the Typewriter. The history of the device that spurred multiple revolutions. p. 68
COMICS
MYTH & REALITY
Does a “Hive Mind” exist? p. 46
What is Heraldry?
SCI-FI
Terminator. Get to know the robots-killers that travel through time. p. 86
p. 90
HISTORY
The evolution of the Cinema. Why were screens originally soaked in water? p. 82
PH Y SIC S
On Thin Ice Substances in a solid state are, generally speaking, denser than in a liquid state. But water is an exception.
E RU DI T ION
In antiquity, it was used to seal jugs of wine and make ships waterproof. Starting in approximately the middle of the 19th century, it enabled people to talk in carriages without having to raise their voices.
Chinese scientists from the University of Zhejiang produced aerogel - a lightweight and porous material. It can absorb oils of different origins up to 900 times its weight. It is used to eliminate the consequences of what?
In the 1930s, detergent ads accompanied TV and radio shows, which were mostly watched and listened to by housewives. As a result, this term appeared.
Apoptosis is the elimination of sick and unnecessary cells. For example, shedding the surface of our skin. The word «apoptosis» came to us from the Greek language. How is it translated?
It is made up of mineral particles, textile and paper fibres, skin scales, flower pollen, soot particles, smoke, dirt and many microscopic animals - tiny mites.
A proper coat of arms is an integral attribute of chivalry. On the coat of arms of British musician Sir Paul McCartney are a shield of guitar decks, four symbolic backs of beetles, and a bird with a guitar in its talons. The same bird is used in this city’s coat of arms.
ANSWERS
Asphalt (bitumen)
Oil spills
Soap opera
Leaf fall
Household dust
Liverpool
BIOLOG Y
HIBERNATING PLANTS
A N ATOM Y
Where do our Gyri Come From? One of the first observations that man made about his brain was that its surface was covered with sulci and gyri. The advantages are obvious: a large area fits into a smaller space. But what “forces” “crumple” our cortex into these folds?
Large hemispheres of the brain
(side view)
The surface of the hemispheres is gathered in folds. The parts of the surface that stick out form gyri and the grooves are sulci.
Central sulcus Parieto-occipital sulcus
The frontal lobe is responsible for analyzing information, searching for cause-effect relationships, and making decisions
The parietal lobe is mainly responsible for spatial perception, musculo-articular feeling, and sense of range of motion
Lateral sulcus
The temporal lobe is the cortical centre of hearing
The occipital lobe is the cortical centre of sight
The cerebellum is responsible for coordination of movement, regulation of balance, and muscle tone
A S T RONOM Y
Surfaces of Celestial Bodies From the Moon to Pluto Today, we observe the universe in the whole range of electromagnetic waves, see neutrino fluxes and cosmic rays, and record gravitational waves. However, as we continue to study the celestial bodies of our solar system, we always begin by examining their surfaces. Here is a small selection of the most interesting surfaces of bodies in our solar system and attempts to photograph them.
M EG A PI XEL
An Interstellar Guest On October 19, 2017, the Pan-STARRS1 telescope at the University of Hawaii discovered an interstellar object with a high initial speed and an unusual trajectory. Scientists believe that it came from outside of our solar system. This interstellar guest was given the name ‘Oumuamua (in Hawaiian, “‘Oumuamua” means “messenger from afar”) and a special index “1I” (I is for “interstellar”). It is the first object that we know of to have flown to the solar system from another star. ‘Oumuamua rotates about its axis every 7.3 hours and has an unusual, elongated shape (400 x 40 metres). Scientists have never seen asteroids or comets like this. Moreover, ‘Oumuamua has a reddish tint, due to exposure to cosmic rays for hundreds of millions of years.
Path of 1I/2017 U1
Neptune Uranus
Saturn Jupiter
Mars Venus Mercury
Sun Earth
Here is where the asteroid was located at the time of detection on October 19, 2017
АВТ ОР
DOIN G BUSIN E SS
The Rise and Fall of the Typewriter
T ECHNOLOG Y
Ah, roads‌ it seems as though they have always existed, but if you take a gander into history, the first records of them appeared in 4,000 BCE. The pathways for communication, movement of people, and transportation have their own very entertaining story. Did you know that the road has its own history, which is as long and intertwining as they themselves are?
M EG A PROJ EC T COMPARISON OF THE SIZES OF CARGO AND TRANSPORT With its own weight clocking it at 46 tonnes, the payload of Super Guppy is over 26 tonnes. There are planes with greater loading capacities, but there are few with comparable internal dimensions (the diameter is 7.62 metres and length 33.83 m).
An oversized cargo with a diameter of 4.5 metres Truck
Jet airliner DC-8-63F
Railway car
NASA’s Super Guppy aircraft readies to transport the Orion spacecraft pressure vessel for Exploration Mission-1 from the Michoud Assembly Facility in Louisiana to Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Military transport aircraft The Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Passenger aircraft DC-10- 30CF
Passenger and cargo aircraft Boeing 747
S CI - FI
TheROBOTS Terminators: AND TIME TRAVEL
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