Popular Science Magazine for Students and Their Parents
#2
(11)Â FEBRUARY
2018
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oyla-science.com
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O WE H O W D D NA? IT E RE WR NEURO S E O D U DY ? W H AT T S S C MI E CO N O O WE W H Y D E? L AT I N O CU
BIOHACKING HOW HOW TO LIVE LONG AND HEALTHY HEALTHY
ARE E R E H W O U N D? F S L A F R AC T BR AIN S E O D ? WORK G N I M STOR
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B U S I N E S S C O N S U LT I N G DIRECTOR EDI T OR-IN- CHIEF
Australia and New Zealand
ISSN 2537-7744 (print)
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Printed in New Zealand by PMP LIMITED, Auckland. D IS C L A I M E R The publisher cannot accept responsibility for any unsolicited material lost or damaged in the post. All text and layout is the copyright of Auckland Entrepreneurs Group Limited. Nothing in this magazine may be reproduced in whole or part without the written permission of the publisher. © Auckland Entrepreneurs Group Limited 2018 All articles and graphical illustrations were created and provided by TechnoBatyr LLP, Kazakhstan.
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COMMISSIONING EDITOR EDITORS ADVERTISING, SALES & SUBSCRIPTION DELIVERY & IT
SOCIAL MEDIA
Auckland Entrepreneurs Group Limited ESKA Limited Svetlana Strizheva
ART DIRECTION
Gamzat Biyarov
Alexander Fisher
Alexandr Tkachev
DESIGNERS
Rose Hinman, Kalea Power
Olzhas Issenov
Svetlana Strizheva
Zhandos Khaydar Madina Zholdybekova
Eduard Strizhev
Ainur Abdrakhmanova
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TABLЕ OF СОNTЕNS
TECHNOLOGY
Is it possible to Rewrite Genes?
p. 50
MATH
What are
Fractals
p. 4
CHEMISTRY
PHYSICS
How to break open the Periodic Table of Elements p. 16 MEDICINE
How does the body’s
Immune System work?
What is a Vaccine?
The Einstein Revolution p. 10
p. 34
p. 28
BIOLOGY
What is this?
A State for Ants? p. 22
The little things that keep us healthy. How can we stay Fit and Healthy? p. 40
ECONOMICS
p. 72
What is Sleep and why do we need it?
p. 46
NEUROBIOLOGY
How does Neuroeconomics work? ASTRONOMY
How are Gravity Assist Manoeuvres used? p. 58
The Double-Entry Method p. 66 PSYCHOLOGY LINGUISTICS
The Philologist’s Lifehack
Does Brainstorming work?
p. 82
GIZMO
Why do Lightsabers hum? p. 86
SCI-FI
The story of Darth Vader p. 88
p. 78
H
T T A
E A R E T WO R E H T
YP
ES
PEO
SE WHO TH O H T IN
K
OF
T
M AT H
PLE: THOSE NO
,
D N A
W H O
K
W
WH
AT FRACT A L S
A R E
In everyday life, we rarely hear the mysterious word fractal. But we encounter them on a daily basis. Trees, mountains, smoke, plants, and even the circulatory system have fractal structures.
Fractals can be applied in various areas: from image compression algorithms to the study of blood vessels of living organisms. So what is a fractal?
COMIC S
BIOLOG Y
The State of Ants Ants are the most multitudinous group of living beings on Earth. Their total weight is greater than that of all humans combined! Ants are like people: they dream of finding work that is to their liking, engaging in agriculture, and building huge states. How do they achieve this?
M E DICIN E
What are vaccines? Infections threatened humanity for centuries. And it’s no wonder, given that it was not known how to cure them at all. During epidemic outbreaks, people died by the millions. The situation changed only 200 years ago, with the invention of vaccines.
M E DICIN E
HEALTHY THE LITTLE THINGS THAT KEEP US
Our daily habits affect our appearance, well-being, and state of health. We have collected general rules that will help us stick to a healthy lifestyle each day of the new year. DIET Eat breakfast A healthy person sleeps 7–8 hours per night, at which time the body spends a lot of energy on recovery and growth. Breakfast is an important meal, so skipping it is not recommended. It replenishes the level of glucose in the blood, which serves as fuel for the muscles and nervous system. In addition, breakfast reduces the level of the stress hormone cortisol, which peaks in the morning to awaken us from sleep. A high level of cortisol in the body stimulates appetite, so people who skip breakfast are at risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. By the way! After waking up, it’s good to drink a glass of warm water: it will replenish the water reserves in the body and prepare the stomach for food intake.
T ECHNOLOG Y
Rewriting Genes In recent years, several technologies have suddenly appeared in the arsenals of scientists which allow them to easily make changes in the genes of living organisms. Not too far off is the correction of harmful mutations in humans. Let’s see what we’ve been able to accomplish, and what we should be aware of.
A S T RONOM Y
Cosmic Lifehacks: Travel to Saturn and Beyond
Q& A
Does the “Five-Second Rule” Really Work?
Microbes are indistinguishable to the naked eye. Therefore, it is easy to ignore their existence when something valuable, like our favourite candy, falls to the floor. Are our fallen foods truly spoiled forever? Yes, and here’s why.
ECONOMIC S
The ABC’s of Accounting Architects build houses, engineers make planes and spaceships, teachers teach children, and doctors cure the ill. But none of this would be possible without one humble, but incredibly important specialist: the accountant.
Account
$
$
WHY DOES THE LIGHTSABER MAKE SOUNDS?
WHY ARE THERE DIFFERENT COLOURED LIGHTSABERS?
It is difficult to imagine the lightsaber without its firm humming sound. It’s funny that this now-canonical sound effect came about entirely by chance. Walking past a broken TV, Ben Burtt (the sound engineer) picked up a noise on his microphone. The resulting sound was so pleasing to him that he decided to add it to the film project in development and allowed George Lucas to give it a listen. Lucas was, of course, completely ecstatic.
The colour of a lightsaber depends on the colour of its crystal. It became custom that the red energetic sword is a distinctive feature of the Siths. This is because the crystals used in their lightsabers are created artificially and are, consequently, not as stable as natural ones.
Attention! This article contains unscientific data
Snap Back to Reality
HOW IT IS USED
Everyone is bothered by the question — can an average person use a lightsaber? The answer is, theoretically, yes. Yet, the fact remains that the knowledge and ability to use the Force are necessary to master the lightsaber. Because the mass of the lightsaber is contained entirely in the hilt (remember the
flashlight example), the weapon is highly manoeuvrable. This requires a high level of concentration and sharpened skills on the part of the “fencer”. Returning to the original question — there are no restrictions on the use of the sword, but in order to master it, special preparation is necessary (the user is required to be a Jedi Knight or a Sith).
The lightsaber is an indispensable attribute of those fighting both for and against evil in the Star Wars universe. For all of its whimsy, the lightsaber pushed the boundaries of the application of technologies such as lasers, plasma, and electromagnets. Many inventions have been described before their appearance in stories and novels. Generations come and go, but Star Wars remains an important part of our lives. Considering that we are waiting for a new trilogy and three separate films on this Star Wars universe, we can safely assume that you, your children, and your children’s children will have lightsaber fights on the playground. May the Force be with you!
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