BOOK PAGE 78 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: A subordinating conjunction is a word or phrase that links a dependent clause to an independent clause.
• You won´t go with us to the party because you don’t have the permission of your parents. • Since I don’t understand your handwriting, you will get a low score. • I like baseball even though my husband prefers soccer. • I bought the dress although it was very expensive .
• Unless you present your résumé the company won’t consider your application. • She will accept your invitation as long as she finishes term exams. • I will go to the concert only if you go with me. • • They can drive a car provided that they have the driver license. • I will buy the cellphone even if it is not brand new.
TRANSITIONS: transitions are phrases or words used to connect one idea to the next. They are used by the author to help the reader progress from one significant idea to the next. Transitions also show the relationship within a paragraph (or within a sentence) between the main idea and the support the author gives for those ideas.
• I love the beach. Therefore, I go there every weekend. • I got to the store very early. Consequently, I was the first in the line. • I like black. However, my car is color blue.
• He was very sick. Nevertheless, he went out with friends. • He took his camera to the museum. Nonetheless, he was not allow to the photos there. • You would have to accept that job. Otherwise, you won’t have money to pay the bills. BOOK PAGE 79 BOOK PAGE 82
BOOK PAGE 88 INDIRECT SPEECH Indirect speech is a report on what someone else said or wrote without using that person's exact words (which is called direct speech). It's also called indirect discourse or reported speech. In direct speech , a person's exact words are placed in quotation marks and set off with a comma and a reporting clause or signal phrase, such as "said" or "asked.“ Indirect speech is paraphrasing what someone said or wrote.
BOOK PAGE 89 BOOK PAGE 90
BOOK PAGE 91 TYPES OF VERBALS HUMOR PUN An old teacher never dies. They simply lose their class. JOKE A mother mouse and a baby mouse were walking along, when all of a sudden, a cat attacked them. The mother mouse yelled, "BARK!" and the cat ran away. "See?" said the mother mouse to her baby. "Now do you understand why it's important to learn a foreign language?“
BOOK PAGE 94
BOOK PAGE 100 THE PASSIVE VOICE: THE FUTURE, THE FUTURE AS SEEN FROM THE PAST, AND THE FUTURE PERFECT
Active Voice: Julio Verne wrote Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea Passive Voice: Twenty Thousand Leagues was written by Jules Verne Future with “will or be going to” Expresses future time. “ Every student in the world will be connected to the Internet.” The Future Perfect expresses the idea that one event will happen before another event or time in the future. “By 2050, every student in the world will have been connected to the Internet.”
THE PASSIVE VOICE FUTURE: • •
will be / be going to be + past participle verb.
In the future, cellphones are going to be adapted to the human body. In a month Christmas ornaments will be sold cheap.
BOOK PAGE 100 THE PASSIVE VOICE: THE FUTURE, THE FUTURE AS SEEN FROM THE PAST, AND THE FUTURE PERFECT
THE FUTURE AS SEEN FROM THE PAST:
Would be / was - were going to be + past participle verb.
•
When I was little I thought that teachers were going to be replaced by robots.
•
My best friend told me that pizzas were going to be taken to our party.
THE FUTURE PERFECT:
will have been + past participle verb.
•
By December Christmas Carols will have been heard everywhere.
•
Tamales will have been eaten by the end of December.
BOOK PAGE 102
BOOK PAGE 100 THE PASSIVE VOICE: THE FUTURE, THE FUTURE AS SEEN FROM THE PAST, AND THE FUTURE PERFECT
THE PASSIVE VOICE FUTURE:
will be / be going to + past participle verb.
BOOK PAGE 103 THE PASSIVE VOICE IN UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCES BOOK PAGE 112 SEPARABILITY OF TRANSITIVE VERBS