Resolution booklet Malmö 2019 by European Youth Parliament Sweden

Schedule for General Assembly 09:00 - 09:45 Committee on Foreign Affairs II 09:45 - 10.30 Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety II,

Represented by: 10:30 - 11:00 Coffee break 11:00 - 11:45 Committee on Culture and Education 11.45-12.30 Committee on Industry, Research and Energy 12:30 - 13:30 Lunch 13:30 - 14:15 Committee on Foreign Affairs I 14:15 - 15:00 Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety I 15:00 - 16:00 Closing ceremony

General Assembly Procedure 1. Board reads the topic sentence

2. Silent reading of the operative clauses (2 min)

All members of the General Assembly (GA) read the operative clauses for themselves, there will not be a reading from the podium. Everyone should have read the operative clauses beforehand. \\\\ 3. Resolution Debate (30 - 40 min)

a. Defence Speech (3 min)

During this time one member of the proposing committee will go to the podium and deliver a speech on the resolution. The proposing committee presents the rationale and context of the resolution and their solutions rather than defending it to the GA. b. Attack Speech(es) (2x 90 sec)

The Attack Speech is a speech held by any other committee but the proposing. The speech should thoroughly disagree with the proposed resolution with reasoning. A good speech offers constructive criticism and possibly also a better approach to the topic. The Attack Speech should not pick at individual clauses or details but rather is used when a delegate fundamentally disagrees with the content of the resolution. Like a Defence Speech, the Attack Speech is held from the podium. c. Response to Attack Speech(es) (90 sec)

A delegate from the proposing committee has the chance to respond to the Attack Speech(es). The response will be delivered from the floor. d. Open debate

Any committee with a point or a question on the resolution can raise their committee placard and, when recognised by the Board, pose it to the proposing committee. The Board will take 3-4 points from the floor before allowing the proposing committee to respond to all of them. During each debate, committees must raise the placard with their committee name to show that they want to speak and wait for the Board to recognise them.

There will be 3 rounds of open debate and the first two will be answered from the floor by the proposing committee and the last round will be answered from the podium. 4. Answer to rounds of debate and Summation Speech (3 min) a. One delegate will approach the podium, answering to the last round of open debate and summarising the whole debate. b. During the Summation Speech, a delegate from the proposing committee has the final chance to use all rhetorical energy and skill to convince people to vote for their resolution. 5. Voting on proposed resolution.

General Assembly Placards Committee Placard

Direct Response (2x per debate)

Each committee has, once per debate, the chance to directly reply to the point that was last made. Therefore, if a Chairperson raises the “Direct Response” placard, the committee will be immediately recognised by the Board. If two or more committees request a Direct Response, the Board will decide which committee to recognise. Point of Personal Privilege

This placard may be raised by a Chairperson if a member of the Assembly requests to repeat a point that was inaudible. Point of Order

This placard may be raised by a Chairperson if a committee feels that the Board is not following appropriate parliamentary procedure.

MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS II The Arctic in Crisis: With global warming uncovering natural resources such as oil and gas in the Arctic Region, what position should the EU take in terms of a fair distribution of natural resources with the remaining global players in this region, considering the lack of stability of the Arctic ecosystem?

Submitted by:

Chloë Carter (Wildcard Delegate), Julien Carter (Malmö Borgarskola), Hector Degrell (af Chapmangymnasiet), Mahmoud Moussa (Malmö Idrottsgymnasium), Kevin Rost (Hässleholms Tekniska Skola), Riccardo Rastello (Chairperson, IT).

The European Youth Parliament, A.

Taking into consideration the devastating effects that an increase in temperature will have on the already fragile ecosystem of the Arctic1,

B. Noting with deep concern the higher level of environmental disruption caused by extraction of fossil fuels from the Arctic compared to the extraction of fossil fuels in any other location, C. Alarmed by the environmental damage caused by marine traffic in the Arctic region, D. Keeping in mind the expected depletion of fossil fuels by 20602, E. Taking into account the growing accessibility of 13%3 of the world’s undiscovered oil resources and 30% 4 of its natural gas resources through the melting of the Arctic ice, F.

Acknowledging the accessibility to Arctic oil greatly affects the global market, especially the economies of countries dependent on oil,

G. Fully aware of the lack of education among young people on the preservation of the environmental state of the Arctic region, H. Conscious of the potential of a military conflict arising over disputed territories in the Arctic region, I.

Aware of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea’s (UNCLOS)5 ability to grant countries an extension of their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs)6,

Due to the fact that permafrost hosts twice the amount of carbon currently present in the atmosphere, which is getting released as permafrost is thawing, and to the fact that the meltdown of Greenland ice-sheet can result in sea levels rising by 7 metres. (National Snow and Ice Data Center, 2019: Advancing knowledge of Earth's frozen regions; Vv. Aa., “Nature”, 2019: Permafrost collapse is accelerating carbon release) melting of the Greenland ice-sheet resulting in sea levels rising by seven metres, 2 COOP Energy: When will fossil fuels run out? 3 Juha Käpylä & Harri Mikkola, “The Finnish Institute of International Affairs”, 2013: The Global Arctic: The Growing Arctic Interests of Russia, China, the United States and the European Union 4 Ibid. 5 According to the UNCLOS, countries’ sovereignty extends out to 200 nautical miles off their shorelines. However, if the country can demonstrate through scientific evidence that the seabed sections located further than the 200 nautical miles limit are part of the continental landmass of that nation, the country has the right to claim jurisdiction on them. 6 An Exclusive Economic Zone is a sea portion over which a country exercises the right of marine exploration and marine resources exploitation. 1

Confident in areas continuously remaining outside of the EEZs of different countries in the Arctic region,

K. Considering both the positive and the negative effects of the industrialisation of the Arctic region on native communities; 1. Encourages the European Union's national governments to add a topic concerning Arctic preservation to their school curriculum; 2. Asks the European Commission to propose a reviewed UNCLOS to the United Nations to prevent further expansions beyond designated EEZs; 3.

Urges the Council of the EU to cooperate with non-EU bodies related to the Arctic region such as the Arctic Council and the Barents Euro-Arctic Council to create an Arctic sanctuary7 managed by a UN body, not including territory within the current borders of nations;

Calls upon the European Commission to implement a tariff on imported fossil fuels extracted from the Arctic;

Invites the European Commission to fund independent, non-political, environmental organisations working towards the preservation of the Arctic environment and the increase of awareness with the funds from the tariff on imported fossil fuels extracted from the Arctic;

Proposes the European Commission to subsidise imports of green energy from countries engaged in the extraction of non-renewable energy sources in the Arctic;

Urges the European Commission to further subsidise green energy development at a rate proportional to the respective EU Member State’s use of Arctic fossil fuels.

The Arctic Sanctuary would grant the protection of the indigenous populations and forbid marine traffic, commercial activity, and resources exploitation inside its borders. 7

MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY II Oceans of Plastic: With the increasing issue of plastic waste around the world leading to the growth of microplastics in the oceans, how should the EU take responsibility for its waste and tackle the global growing problem of plastic waste?

Submitted by:

Rebecka Hemmestorp (Wildcard Delegate), Kamile Jokubkaite (S:t Petri Skola), Edmond Mentori (Malmö Idrottsgymnasium), Lucas Röing (Malmö Borgarskola), Rana Zeeb (Haganässkolan), Hana Habbosh (Chairperson, SE), Lena Tschentscher (Chairperson, DE).

The European Youth Parliament, A.

Aware of the lack of research and knowledge within the field of microplastics found in marine animals and their environment,

B. Emphasising the economic importance of plastic production and plastic recycling for certain industries within the EU, C. Taking note of the existing correlation between the lack of recycling bins and the insufficient recycling in Member States8, D. Deeply conscious of the natural economic incentive the cheap prices of fossil fuels pose, making virgin plastic more cost-effective than recycled plastic, E.

Realising that a more targeted EU budget distribution could increase the budget percentage spent on environmental work,

Acknowledging the difficulties of transitioning to alternative products and manufacturing of plastic caused by the higher economic costs and lack of infrastructure,

G. Deeply concerned by the effects of plastics entering different eco-chains and disturbing the reproductive abilities of marine life inhabiting the European Union’s natural biodiversity and ecosystems, H. Fully aware of the consequences related to the increase of plastic production and plastic waste, such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch9, I.

Taking into consideration the benefits of legislative measures regarding the question of minimising waste,

Appreciating the EU’s improvements in regards to the usage of single use plastic whilst acknowledging further possible applicable actions in terms of overall plastic reduction,

K. Bearing in mind the influence of the European Union’s stance on the reduction of ocean plastic waste on a global scale;

http://environment.cenn.org/waste-management/publications/reasons-consequences-possible-solutions-l ittering/ 9 The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the largest accumulation, consisting 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic in the world. 8

1. Requests Plastics Europe10 to investigate innovative plastic alternatives that are safer for the environment and more efficient for recycling; 2. Encourages Member States to provide citizens with recycling bins in public and private areas for improved waste management; 3. Calls upon the European Environment Agency (EEA)11 to research and publish data of the results of the investigations regarding the problems surrounding microplastic and its impact on marine related ecosystems; 4.

Recommends the Ocean Cleanup Foundation12 t o cooperate with the EEA for further research on different methods of cleaning bodies of water;

Encourages Member States to implement national regulations against littering, following the example of France;

Asks Plastics Europe to promote avoiding unnecessary single-use plastics by increasing the efficiency of recyclables;

7. Calls upon Plastic Recyclers Europe (PRE)13 to create a grading system for recycling in order to promote the application of sustainability in both private and public sectors; 8.

Urges the European Commission to reallocate and increase the amount of funds allotted for environmental issues.

PlasticsEurope is a leading pan-European association and represents plastics manufacturers active in the European plastics industry. 11 The European Environment Agency provides sound, independent information on the environment for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and also the general public. 12 The Ocean Cleanup develops advanced technologies to rid the world’s oceans of plastic. 13 Plastics Recyclers Europe is an organization representing the voice of the European plastics recyclers who reprocess plastic waste into high-quality material destined for the production of new articles. 10

MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON CULTURE AND EDUCATION The European Youth on Strike: With their future at risk, millions of children and teenagers are on strike to call upon the politicians to take their future more serious, however, are still often regarded as insignificant. What should the EU do to ensure the future of its young?

Submitted by:

Magnus Andersson (Malmö Borgarskola), Nikolina Jankovic (Procivitas Gymnasium), Fatima Khan (Haganässkolan), Lisa Kristén (S:t Petri Skola), Oscar Rigvall (af Chapmangymnasiet), Elise Murphy (Chairperson, SE).

The European Youth Parliament, A.

Alarmed by the depth of issues surrounding climate change such as: i)

the debate on its existence,

ii)

the debate on its severity,

iii) the obstruction of implementing countermeasures, B. Concerned by the lack of assumed responsibility for the consequences of climate change by the elder generation, C. Alarmed by the distrust and lack of ability to relate between young people and politicians, D. Disturbed by the low compliance of Member States on existing legislation regarding the environment14, E.

Fully aware of the lack of education among young people on political procedures and their civic responsibility,

Recognising the scepticism young people face in political activities, as they are deemed inexperienced in political procedures,

G. Alarmed by the insufficient incorporation of the opinion of young people when suggesting new legislation, H. Appreciating the existence and continued development of non-electoral political participation such as but not limited to international movements, boycotts, and protests, I.

Alarmed by the lack of recognition in formal policy-making of non-electoral ways of political participation;

Encourages Member States to raise awareness on and increase youth engagement within politics through: a. adapting school curricula to reflect current events, b. financially supporting youth organisations working towards political awareness;

Congratulates the Member States who have successfully incorporated scientific institutions in policy-making through utilising them in an advisory function;

Urges all Member States to fully incorporate scientific institutions in policy-making;

Encourages Member States to initiate media campaigns informing about climate change specifically

Such as the Industrial Emissions Directive which is the main EU instrument regulating pollutant emissions from industrial installations. 14

targeted to the elder generation; 5.

Requests the European Commission to open an infringement proceeding15 against Member States who are incorrectly or inefficiently interpreting legislation regarding environmental protection;

Calls upon the European Commission to suggest the addition of youth delegates16 to the European Parliament;

Supports the idea of young people engaging in non-partisan political organisations to increase political understanding;

Urges the European Commission to designate a media-ombudsman17 to raise awareness on environment related media trends to the European Parliament.

An infringement proceeding is initiated with a “formal letter”, but in case of further non-compliance the Commission can refer the case to the Court of Justice of the European Union which can rule for financial penalties. 16 Youth delegates would be regarded as full members of the parliament but would not be granted the right to vote due to them not being elected officials in the European Parliament elections. Their purpose is to ensure permanent representation of the opinions of young people. 17 An ombudsman investigates complaints by EU citizens, businesses, or associations against the EU institutions and bodies and serve as a link to the Parliament. 15

MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRY, RESEARCH AND ENERGY Clean Energy for All: Sweden is a European leader in renewable energy. With a 52.6% share of energy from renewable sources in 2014, the country has already surpassed its own goal of supplying 50% of its energy from renewables by 2020. How can the EU ensure a secure and sustainable energy system across Member States whilst keeping in mind the EU 2030 energy targets?

Submitted by:

Elias Hyleborg (S:t Petri Skola), Benjamin Kadestål (Malmö Idrottsgymnasium), Emma Vokshi (Procivitas Gymnasium), Filip Linder Varveus (School Delegation), Filippa Wolke (Wildcard Delegate) Kanstantsin Novichuk (Chairperson, BY) Michał Glinicki (Chairperson, DK).

The European Youth Parliament,

A. Taking into account the underestimation of the severity of global warming by the EU citizens 18 , B. Fully aware of the unreliability conjoint with renewable energy sources19, C. Recognising the reliance of Member States on energy imports, with 55% coming from countries outside the European Union, D. Aware of better suited climates or advantageous geographical structures of some Member States for the expansion of the renewable energy sector, E.

Bearing in mind the importance of backup power sources for the Member States’ consistent energy production,

Further noting the potential of increased energy efficiency reducing energy waste leading to decreases in greenhouse emissions,

G. Noting with deep concern the economic impact the transition to renewables poses with the potential job loss of 240.00020 in the coal sector alone, H. Deeply concerned that 50 million people21 are affected by energy poverty22, "European Perceptions of Climate Change" (March 2017, Pidgeon et al.) https://orca.cf.ac.uk/98660/7/EPCC.pdf 19 Renewable Energy Intermittency Explained: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities, Robert Fares, 03.2015 https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/renewable-energy-intermittency-explained-challenges-sol utions-and-opportunities/ 20 Coal regions in transition 09/09/2019 EUC 21 Inability to keep home adequately warm, 2014, European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/eu-buildings-factsheets-topics-tree/energy-poverty 22 A household is fuel poor if it needs to spend more than 10% of its income on fuel to maintain an adequate level of warmth 18

Acknowledging the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) studies about fossil fuels’ effects on the environment23,

Realising the challenge of the limited profitability of the free market when investing in renewable energy sources24;

1. Invites national governments to implement taxes on energy suppliers outside of the EU; 2. Requests the European Commission to further improve the Energy Taxation Directive25; 3. Recommends Member States to adapt their school curricula to include information for elementary school students regarding climate change and sustainable precautions to take on in their daily activities; 4.

Strongly encourages Member States to offer EU-subsidised training programmes to workers made redundant from the non-renewable energy industry to avoid unemployment;

Encourages Member States to also use renewable energy as backup to not be dependant on fossil fuels from internal and external markets;

6. Calls upon Member States to increase the pace of renovation of old and energy-inefficient buildings; 7.

Recommends Member States to ensure that the vital steps to maximise energy efficiency using cogeneration26 are taken;

8. Congratulates the European Commission for its already existing instruments and policies that are tackling the current state of energy within the EU, such as Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)27 or the Energy Union. Schellnhuber: 'Scientists have to take to the streets' to counter climate denial,Charlotta Lomas, 03.2017 https://www.dw.com/en/schellnhuber-scientists-have-to-take-to-the-streets-to-counter-climate-denial/a-3 7947164 24 Renewable Energy Sector in the EU: its Employment and Export Potential, ECOTEC Research & Consulting Limited https://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/eco_industry/pdf/ecotec_renewable_energy.pdf 25 Energy Taxation Directive regulates the individual and industry consumption of solar and other forms of renewable energy through taxation Energy Taxation Directive 2003, EUR-Lex, Access to European Union Law https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32003L0096 26 Cogeneration of heat and power, European Commission https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-efficiency/cogeneration-heat-and-power 27 Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) is a key EU funding instrument to promote growth, jobs, and competitiveness through targeted infrastructure investment. 23

MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS I Not Another Hot Topic: In March 2019, one of the biggest youth environmental protests took place in more than 100 countries. How can the EU further contribute to the international dialogue in order to prevent permanent consequences of climate change?

Submitted by:

Linus Abrahamsson (Hässleholms Tekniska Skola), Malte Ohrås (Procivitas Gymnasium), Lekhya Polagani (Haganässkolan), Lida Theocharidou (Malmö Borgarskolan), Alma Åkesson (Hässleholms Tekniska Skola), Filippo Cretti (Italy).

The European Youth Parliament,

A. Alarmed by the lack of recognition, international dialogue, and action towards combating climate change by major stakeholders worldwide, B. Fully alarmed by climate stakeholders worldwide failing to honour their commitment to combating climate change and the lack of leadership from the Group of Twenty (G20)28 regarding the problem, C. Fully concerned by the lack of effectiveness of international agreements, such as the Kyoto Protocol29 and the Paris Agreement30, with the declared goals not yet being met, D. Acknowledging the latest Emissions Gap Report31, issued by the The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)32, demanding to lower emissions by 7% each year of the next decade in order to reach the goal of the Paris Agreement2, E. Welcoming the decision of the European Parliament to officially declare a global climate and environmental emergency, F.

Concerned by the fact that the increase of natural disasters and lack of secure infrastructure puts lives at risk, causes material damage, and decreases capital,

G. Acknowledging with regret that industry expansion is mainly achieved with fossil fuels due to their affordability and expedience, H. Profoundly concerned that 100 companies are responsible for over 70% of global emissions33, The Group of Twenty (G20) brings together the world’s major advanced and emerging economies, comprised of the European Union and 19 countries. The Osaka Summit’s G20 statement has been watered down due to the US pressure. 29 The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets. 30 The Paris Agreement is the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate deal. The agreement sets out a global action plan to put the world on track to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. 31 The Emission Gap Report is the UN Environment flagship report, which assesses every year the gap between anticipated emissions in 2030 and levels consistent with the 1.5°C and 2°C targets of the Paris Agreement. 32 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change. 33 https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-resp onsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change 28

Approving the desire of developing countries to expand industries and productions sustainably;

1. Encourages international stakeholders, such as UN Member States and international organisations, to further work with the European Union in order to lower the levels of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as instructed by the Emission Gap Report4; 2.

Urges the G201 to act accordingly to the goals set by the G20 Summit, in order to push forward the fight against climate change;

Strongly supports the members of The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)34 to adapt the international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol2 and the Paris Agreement3 in order to meet the IPCC5 reports;

4. Reaffirms the global climate and environmental emergency declared by the European Parliament, hoping other international stakeholders will follow its example; 5.

Calls upon the European Commission to provide financial and material support towards developing countries willing to invest in renewable energy infrastructure;

Invites the European Commission to cooperate with countries hit by natural disasters through: a.

fostering the partnership between the European Union and the afflicted countries,

joint planning of protective infrastructures in order to tackle said disasters,

the provision of funds aimed at the realisation of aforementioned infrastructures;

Requests the Member States to institute a Carbon Tax35 in order to discourage the generation of CO2;

Urges the European Commission to modify the Trade Agreements Policy36 through: a.

withdrawing from Trade Agreements with countries that are not respecting the goals set by the IPCC5,

promoting Trade Agreements with countries who are respecting the goals periodically set by the IPCC5.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), agreed upon in 1992, is the main international treaty on fighting climate change and the UN main effort against climate change. 35 Carbon tax is a form of pollution tax. It levies a fee on the production, distribution or use of fossil fuels based on how much carbon their combustion emits. 36 https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/negotiations-and-agreements/ 34

MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION BY THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY I Towards a Low-Carbon Society: Taking into consideration the EU’s Roadmap for moving to a competitive low-carbon economy in 2050, which further measures can the EU undertake in order to reach the ambitious target to reduce its CO2 emissions by 80% by 2050?

Submitted by:

Jonathan Anderzon (Wildcard Delegate), Juman Mulki (Haganässkolan), Ossian Palmgren (Procivitas Gymnasium), Alice Santén (Malmö Idrottsgymnasium), Nicolas Vardon (Wildcard Delegate), Antoni Wegemo (S:t Petri Skola), Joris Dietz (Chairperson, NL), Anna Crisp (Chairperson, DK).

The European Youth Parliament, A.

Deeply concerned by the continuous rise of global temperatures during the past 50 years37,

B. Realising that the EU is the third-largest CO2 emitter in the world38, C. Noting with deep concern that 74% of all energy produced in and imported to the EU comes from unsustainable sources39, D. Deeply regretting the amount of energy produced from renewable sources being insufficient in covering all energy needs, E.

Gravely concerned by the fact that European companies outsource their production abroad to circumvent European CO2 regulations,

Profoundly concerned that one hundred companies are responsible for over 71% of global emissions40,

G. Alarmed by the transport sector being responsible for approximately 27% of EU emissions41; 1.

Encourages Member States to prioritise the use of renewable energy sources over the use of high CO2-emitting sources, such as coal and oil, in the public sector;

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/global-and-european-temperature-9/assessment https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/fossil-co2-emissions-all-world-countries-2018-report?cookies=disa bled 39 Unsustainable sources are based on fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/infographs/energy/bloc-2a.html 40 https://www.activesustainability.com/climate-change/100-companies-responsible-71-ghg-emissions/ 37 38

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/transport-emissions-of-greenhouse-gases/transport -emissions-of-greenhouse-gases-11

Calls upon the European Commission to provide further subsidies for the research on the development of fossil-free energy sources;

Endorses Member States to further fund research on nuclear energy;

Calls upon Member States to implement a taxation on CO2 emissions, that gradually increases over time;

Asks national and local governments to promote the use of public transport and its respective benefits to the public;

Endorses the cooperation of public transport providers across the EU when creating public transport networks;

Urges the European Commission to provide financial support for public transport companies that fulfil the aforementioned cooperation;

Calls upon the European Commission to extend the EU Emissions Trading System42, with an emphasis on decreasing the allowed amount of CO2 emissions progressively;

Encourages the EU to further subsidise companies working on the development of alternatives to CO2 emitting vehicles;

10. Appeals to Member States to lower the income tax for European companies that choose to produce their goods in the EU.

Emission Trading System (ETS) is an EU policy that sets out to reduce greenhouse gasses, such as CO2, in a non costly manner. ETS works as a “cap and trade” system. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en 42

Sponsors of the Session

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