Crossroads 8a lettlest revisjon utdrag by Fagbokforlaget

Halvor Heger Nina Wroldsen Lindis Hallan

Dette er Crossroads: • Spennende temaer

• Virkelige møter med mennesker i den engelsktalende verden • Leseglede og fengende tekster

Crossroads

• Et mylder av oppgaver • Grammatikk

• Lyd tatt på alvor Crossroads er et læreverk i engelsk for 8.–10. trinn med følgende komponenter: Elevbok A og B, lydmateriell (CD-er), lærerveiledning og nettressurs. Elevbok A finnes også i digital og lettlest utgave. Crossroads er utviklet etter Læreplanverket for Kunnskapsløftet 2006 og etter justert fagplan i engelsk 2013. Møt menneskene, opplev kulturen og lær språket!

8|A

Lettlest www.fagbokforlaget.no ISBN 978-82-11-01514-3

,!7II2B1-abfbed!

Halvor Heger Nina Wroldsen Lindis Hallan

Crossroads 8|A Engelsk for ungdomstrinnet • Lettlest

Halvor Heger Nina Wroldsen Lindis Hallan

Crossroads Engelsk for ungdomstrinnet Elevbok lettlest â&#x20AC;˘ BokmĂĽl

8|A

Copyright © 2006 by Fagbokforlaget Vigmostad & Bjørke AS All Rights Reserved 2. utgave / 1. opplag 2013 ISBN: 978-82-11-01514-3 Grafisk produksjon: John Grieg AS, Bergen Grafisk design: Sandvik Design Omslagsfoto: M. Taner Zefa / Scanpix (øverst), Howard Kingsnorth / Cultura / Getty Images (nederst) Omslagsdesign: Sandvik Design Illustrasjoner: Breakfast Design / Jens Grönberg, Paulina Mingiacchi Crossroads 8A Lettlest er utviklet etter Læreplanverket for Kunnskapsløftet 2006 og etter justert fagplan i engelsk 2013. Spørsmål om denne boken kan rettes til: Fagbokforlaget Kanalveien 51 5068 Bergen Tlf.: 55 38 88 00 Faks: 55 38 88 01 e-post: fagbokforlaget@fagbokforlaget.no www.fagbokforlaget.no Materialet er vernet etter åndsverkloven. Uten uttrykkelig samtykke er eksemplarfremstilling bare tillatt når det er hjemlet i lov eller avtale med Kopinor.

Contents

Getting Started 7

Wales 39

1 Find someone who … 8

King Arthur – A Welsh Legend 41

2 Crossroads A and B 11

The Republic of Ireland 43

3 Language Learning 13

Northern Ireland 43

1 The British Isles 17

E The Pub 47 F At a Restaurant 48

A Lots of Islands 19

G Danny Boy 51

B Pictures of Britain 20

H The Magpie’s Nest 52

Sports 20 Music 22 Language Learning 22 History 23 Beaches 23 London 24

Language Corner 54

2 Living in Britain 61 A Dreads 62

Making Music 62 B Richmond Park Academy 66

Shop Till You Drop 24

School Uniform 67

The People 25

The Future 68

C A Short History of Great Britain 27 The Empire 32

Chores 69 Why I Like School 70

D The United Kingdom and Ireland

C Teen Spirit: What’s It Really Like

– Some Facts 34

to Be a Teenager? 72

England 34

D Life for Young People in Scotland 75

Scotland 36

Citadel Youth Centre 75

Nessie 38

Small Town Life 78

E When Every Day is a Nightmare 82 Friends 84 F Another Side to London 87 Language Corner 89

3 The Animal Kingdom 97 A On a Safari 98 Day One 98 Day Two 101 Day Three 105 B Cheetah Outreach 107 C Intelligent Friends 110

D Horses 141 E Into the Deep Blue Sea 142 F Two Cardiff Bands 145 A Downtown Ruckus 145 Inconsiderate Parking 145 G Get Your Motor Running 148 At the Track 148 The Old Man and the Ferrari 149 Language Corner 152

5 Mysteries 159

A Mysteries and Wonders in Nature 160

D The Great White 115

The Yeti 160

E Fur and Feather 118

Bigfoot 161

F Choking Dog Saves its Own Life

B Incredible Cats 162

by Dialling 999 124

C Master Navigators 163

Language Corner 126

D UFOs 165

4 Life is More than School 133 A Spare Time and Friendship 134

E Eyewitness 166 F Tutankhamen’s Curse 170 A Curse? 171

B Bondi Skate Park 137

G Ghosts 172

C Children’s Express 139

H The Ghosts of Flight 401 174

I The Mystery of Love 176

E Mojo – A Homeless Londoner 203

J Danni’s Goodbye 177

Abused 204

K The Psychic 179

The Big Issue 204

Language Corner 181

Food 205

6 London 187

A A Tour of London 188 The Tower of London 189 Piccadilly Circus 191

A Tough Life 205 A Dream 206 F The Notting Hill Carnival 208 G Greenwich 210 The Prime Meridian 210

Buckingham Palace 192

H In the Clothes Shop 212

Portobello Road Market 192

I At the Museum 214

Hyde Park 193

Language Corner 216

Marble Arch 193 B Getting Around 195

Wordlist 222

The Underground 196

Photos and Illustrations 230

Taxi 197

Acknowledgements 232

C A Cockney Cab Driver 199 Thousands of Streets 199 An Early Riser 199 A Cockney 200 The Customers 200 D City Streets 202

Getting Started Velkommen til ungdomsskolen! Vi håper du kommer til å

trives med Crossroads. Bla gjennom bøkene med en gang, og gjør øvelsene i innledningen til Crossroads 8A. Det blir mye

lettere å bruke bøkene etter at du har sett hvordan de er lagt opp. Og du får mye mer ut av dem!

getting started – det å komme i gang

1 Find someone who … Crossroads 8A 8

find someone who – finn noen som get up – stå opp

Skriv følgende på et ark: Find someone who has a dog

speaks Spanish

Getting Started

likes getting up in the morning

does not like rap music

has been to England

plays a musical instrument

likes playing football

speaks more than two languages

Gå rundt i klasserommet. Spør de andre elevene i klassen om de har hund, om de har vært i England osv.

Jobb i grupper på tre eller fire. En av dere sier tre setninger om seg selv. To som er riktige, og en som er uriktig. De andre i gruppen diskuterer seg fram til hva som er riktig/uriktig. Så sier neste elev tre setninger osv.

Quiz

1 What is the capital of Scotland? 2 How many states are there in the USA? 3 Buckingham Palace is a famous building in London. Who lives there? 4 Can you come up with the names of three cities in England? 5 Which American city is often called the “Big Apple”? 6 Do you know the name of one river in the USA? 7 Name at least one typical Australian animal.

8 Who is President of the United States of America? 9 Is California on the east coast or on the west coast of the USA? 10 What is the most widely used language in Canada after English? 11 Do you know the name of a British actor? 12 Is Newcastle north or south of London? 13 Where is the actress Cate Blanchett from? 14 Who is the author of Harry Potter? 15 Is English fun? (10 points if you answer “Yes”!)

Getting Started

Nå er det tid for quiz! Sitt i de samme gruppene. Svar på spørsmålene under. Tips – snakk så lavt som mulig slik at de andre gruppene ikke hører hva dere sier.

Crossroads 8A

True or False?

true – sant, riktig false – usant, feil capital – hovedstad famous – berømt building – bygning name – nevne city – storby animal – dyr most widely used – her: mest utbredt actor – mannlig skuespiller actress – kvinnelig skuespiller author – forfatter point – poeng

Crossroads 8A 10

Getting Started

letter – bokstav game – lek, spill country – land celebrity – kjendis car make – bilmerke

Letter Game

• Jobb i grupper på fire eller fem. Læreren eller en av elevene skriver fem kategorier på tavla, for eksempel Countries, Cities, Celebrities, Car makes og Animals. • Læreren sier en bokstav, for eksempel bokstaven D. Hver gruppe skriver opp et land, en storby, et bilmerke og et dyr som alle starter med bokstaven D på engelsk. • Den første gruppa som er ferdig, roper “Done!” Tell opp hvor mange poeng hver gruppe har fått. • Læreren sier den neste bokstaven.

My School

Nå skal du se nærmere på engelskbøkene.

Crossroads A

Crossroads 8A består av seks kapitler: • The British Isles • Life is More than School • Living in Britain • Mysteries • The Animal Kingdom • London Hvert kapittel består av flere deler. I slutten av hver del er det muntlige og skriftlige oppgaver. Noen av dem gjør du alene. Andre gjør dere i par eller i grupper. Hver oppgave er merket med et ikon som viser hvilken type oppgave det er.

Getting Started

2 Crossroads A and B

Crossroads 8A

• Jobb i grupper på fire eller fem. • Ta en tur ut i skolegården. Ha med penn og papir. Skriv opp navn på ting dere ser. • Når dere er ferdige, går dere inn igjen. Skriv opp navn på ting i klasserommet. • Oversett ordene til engelsk. Bruk ordbok om dere ikke kan de engelske ordene. • Skriv ordene i gloseboka. • Sitt i grupper eller i par. Si en setning hver om skolen på engelsk.

These are the symbols: Crossroads 8A

= Oppsummeringsspørsmål = Muntlige oppgaver (i par eller i grupper) = Skriftlige oppgaver

= Muntlige og skriftlige oppgaver (i par eller i grupper) = Lytteoppgaver = Rollespill

Getting Started

Hvert kapittel åpner med en kort innledning som forteller hva kapitlet handler om. Se innledningen på side 17 for eksempel. Alle kapitlene er delt inn i mindre deler. Disse er merket A, B, C osv. Finn del B i kapittel 2. Noen ganger blir du bedt om å se på noe i Crossroads 8B. For eksempel, se side 154 i Crossroads 8A og skumles oppgave 6. Så finner du den aktuelle siden i Crossroads 8B. På slutten av hvert kapittel er det en samling oppgaver som heter Task Bank. Her finner du varierte oppgaver. Se side 54. Noen oppgaver tar litt mer tid. Dette er oppgaver som skal gjøres som lekser eller som forberedelse til presentasjoner. Slike oppgaver finner du under overskriften Dig Into It. Se side 55. Hvert kapittel inneholder også noe som heter Language Corner. Her finner du nyttig informasjon om det engelske språket og om språklæring. Se side 54.

Crossroads 8A

Det er viktig å lære seg nye ord på engelsk. Prøv å lære alle ordene i margen. På slutten av kapitlet finner du også Word Quest. Det er en samling av de viktigste ordene i kapitlet. Se side 55.

Crossroads 8B

Crossroads 8B er delt i to. Den første delen heter “Enjoy Reading”. Her finner du engelske dikt, noveller, eventyr, utdrag fra en roman og en avisartikkel. Etter hver tekst er det noen oppgaver.

Getting Started

Den andre delen av Crossroads 8B er en grammatikkdel. Den er skrevet på norsk. Oppgavene i denne delen er også på norsk. Tips – du kan også øve på grammatikk på nettsiden til Crossroads.

3 Language Learning Learning New Words

Noen gode idéer: • Prøv å lære så mange ord og uttrykk som mulig. Skriv opp nye ord og uttrykk i gloseboka. Si nye ord høyt flere ganger, og skriv dem flere ganger på et ark. Dette gjør det lettere å huske dem. • Test ordforrådet med jevne mellomrom. Skriv et ord på engelsk på den ene siden av et ark. Skriv det norske ordet på den andre siden. Test deg selv! Du kan også gjøre dette sammen med en annen i klassen. • Det er en glosetest til hvert kapittel. Husk å gjøre den! • Har du engelsk ordbok? En god ordbok hjelper deg med informasjon om nye ord. Hvordan bruker du ordboka? Se side 142 i Crossroads 8B.

language learning – språklæring

preparing – det å forberede Crossroads 8A 14

Preparing for Writing and Discussions

Idémyldringer før du skriver eller diskuterer, er gull verdt! Først tenker du på hva du skal skrive eller snakke om. Så skriver du opp disse idéene. Bruk nøkkelord, ikke hele setninger. Idémyldringer kan du ha alene eller i grupper. De hjelper deg til å finne på noe å si før en diskusjon, for eksempel. Les mer om idémyldring og språklæring i Crossroads 8B, side 130.

Getting Started

Crossroads 8A

Student’s Book

Du kommer til å få mange ark fra læreren. De kommer til å hjelpe deg med å lære engelsk. Sett dem inn i en ringperm. Vi har kalt denne Student’s Book. Her bør du også oppbevare alt av skriftlig arbeid og tester.

Getting Started

Good luck with your English studies!

YES

1 The British Isles People speak English all over the world. In Crossroads 9 and Crossroads 10 you will learn about the United

States of America, Australia and other countries where they speak English. In this chapter we will focus on the British Isles.

Crossroads 8A

The British Isles

A Lots of Islands

What do you know about the Britain? Brainstorm in pairs. See page 14. Write down some key words.

1 Which countries are part of Great Britain? 2 What is the difference between Great Britain and the United Kingdom?

3 Tell your classmates what you know about England.

island – øy how about – hva med isle – øy which is which – her: hva som er hva map – kart make up – her: utgjøre the whole of – hele

4 Write three facts about Great Britain, the United Kingdom and the British Isles. 5 Draw a map of the United Kingdom. Place countries, capitals and some other cities on it. Hang it up in the classroom.

The British Isles

• Great Britain is England, Scotland and Wales. It is the biggest island on the map. • Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the United Kingdom or the UK. • The British Isles are the United Kingdom, the whole of Ireland and more than 6,000 islands. The Orkney Islands, the Shetland Islands and the Channel Islands are just some of them.

Crossroads 8A

Have you heard of Great Britain? How about the United Kingdom and the British Isles? Do you know which is which? Let us find out.

Crossroads 8A 20

Above left: Chelsea!!! Above: Rugby is a traditional English sport. Left: Cricket players in white.

The British Isles

B Pictures of Britain Why do so many people visit Britain?

Sports regard – betrakte The Commonwealth (of Nations) – samband av tidligere britiske kolonier

Many people visit Britain because they like football! The game is an important part of British culture. In fact, football is an important part of the identity of millions of people in Britain. Many British football clubs also have supporters all over the world. They come to Britain to watch their favourite club play. Do you support a British football club? Rugby is the second most popular British sport on TV and many regard it as Britain’s national sport. In Crossroads 9A you will meet two girls who play rugby. They will tell you all about this sport.

huge – svær, diger

Crossroads 8A

Most people in Norway know very little about cricket, but in Britain it is a huge sport. It is also one of the most popular sports in Commonwealth countries.

The London Olympics sceptical – skeptisk, ikke ha tro på however – imidlertid spectacular – flott sporting events – sportslige øvelser proud – stolt ever – her: noensinne

The British Isles

Some people were sceptical when London was given the 2012 Summer Olympics. However, the opening and closing ceremonies were spectacular and the sporting events were a great success. Most Britons felt proud of their country. A lot of people also came to the Paralympics. They were the first Paralympic games ever to be sold out.

Jessica Ennis – London 2012 Olympic Champion.

Music Crossroads 8A

incredible – utrolig music scene – musikkmiljø usually – vanligvis host family – vertsfamilie

Britain has an incredible music scene. During the summer there are music festivals all over the country. What type of music do you like? House music? Techno? Rock? Pop? In the picture below you can see teenagers dancing at the festival “T in the Park” in Scotland. Would you like to go there?

Language Learning 22

Lots of teenagers go to a language school in Britain in the summer. Usually they live with a host family. This means they hear English all day long. These courses are very popular because

The British Isles Above: Teenagers attending a language course. Above right: Happy people at “T in the Park”. Right: Riding the waves.

you can learn English, make friends from all over the world – and have lots of fun! Crossroads 8A

History

If you are interested in history, Britain is the place to be. Have you heard of the Celts or the Saxons? You have probably heard of the Romans and Julius Caesar. They have all left their mark on British history. Some of the most famous landmarks are standing stones like the ones in the picture. We are not sure what they were used for.

Look at the pictures. They are not from Spain, Italy or France, but from Britain! There are some fantastic beaches here. Some of the most scenic ones are in Scotland and Northern Ireland. And there are some great surfing beaches in Cornwall.

probably – sannsynligvis leave their mark – sette spor etter seg standing stones – reiste steiner sure – sikker used for – brukt til scenic – naturskjønn

The British Isles

Beaches

Above: Stonehenge is both mystical and beautiful. Left: Beaches are good for walking.

London Crossroads 8A 24

The British Isles

experience – oppleve double-decker bus – toetasjers buss cab – drosje Houses of Parliament – parlamentet Buckingham Palace – det kongelige slottet i London look forward to – glede seg til shopaholic – shoppingavhengig brand store – merkevarebutikk destination – her: mål careful – forsiktig pickpocket – lommetyv

About eight million people live in London. It is the biggest city in Europe. There is so much to see and experience here! Red doubledecker buses and black cabs. A fantastic underground system called the Tube. Charming small shops and restaurants in the side streets. The Houses of Parliament and Buckingham Palace. Theatres and cinemas. You can look forward to learning more about London in chapter six.

Shop Till You Drop

Are you a shopaholic? Then you should visit Great Britain. All the big brand stores can be found in cities like Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Newcastle, Cardiff, Glasgow and Edinburgh. London is probably the favourite destination for shopaholics. If you go to Oxford Street, be careful! It’s a popular place for pickpockets, as well.

Left: A young couple in a busy high street. Below: All London buses are red.

The People ethnic background – etnisk opprinnelse partly – delvis used to have – pleide å ha colony – koloni polite – høflig take care of – ta vare på visitor – gjest

Crossroads 8A

The United Kingdom is home to people with very different ethnic backgrounds. This is partly because Britain used to have colonies in many parts of the world (see page 32). Life is easy for tourists to Britain. People are helpful and polite and they take good care of visitors.

The British Isles Left: Britain is a multicultural society.

Crossroads 8A 26

1 What is the second most popular sport in Britain? 2 Name a famous shopping street in London. 3 Where can you go surfing in Britain?

The British Isles

4 Look at the pictures in “Picture of Britain”. Which pictures do you think are most typically British? Give reasons.

5 List everything you would like to do the next time you visit Britain. Give reasons. Take turns telling each other.

6 Pick five of the words or expressions listed on page 24–25. Make a sentence with each of them. 7 Make a collage of pictures from the place you come from. Use “Pictures of Britain” as inspiration. Write a few words next to each picture to explain what it is.

8 You are in Britain together with your family. You have just met two teenagers at a café. They are tourists, too, and they come from different countries. They want to know all about you and where you live. collage – her: samling av bilder

C A Short History of Great Britain

destroy – legge øde flog – piske in revenge – som hevn

BC = Before Christ = før Kristus AD = Anno Domini = etter Kristus

Left: Boadicea is one of the most powerful women in British history. You can admire her statue at Westminster Bridge, not far from London Eye. Below: Hadrian’s Wall.

The British Isles

Celtic leaders were often women. One famous leader was Boadicea. She and her tribe destroyed the Roman town of Londinium (London) in about AD 60. Why did she do this? Because the Romans had taken her land, and flogged her and her daughters. In revenge, she led an army that killed about 30,000 people and burned London to the ground.

tribe – stamme, folkegruppe settle – bosette seg ancestor – en av forfedrene

Crossroads 8A

People have lived in Britain since the Early Stone Age. At that time Britain was not an island. Celtic tribes settled in Britain around 700 BC. The Celts are the ancestors of many people in Highland Scotland, Wales, Cornwall and Ireland today.

Crossroads 8A 28

emperor – keiser what the island was like – hvordan øya var occupy – okkupere warrior – kriger wall – mur, vegg border – grense protect – beskytte attack – angripe fled – flyktet (flee, fled, fled)

The Roman Emperor, Julius Caesar came to Britain in 55 BC to see what the island was like. The Romans then occupied most of England and Wales in AD 43, but not Scotland. The people who lived there, the Picts and the Scots, were tough warriors. Emperor Hadrian decided they should build a wall along the border between England and Scotland to protect the Romans. The Romans stayed in Britain until AD 409. When they left, new people attacked Britain. The first ones were the Angles and the Saxons. The Celts lost their fight against them and fled to Wales, Scotland and Cornwall.

The British Isles

Crossroads 8A 29

The British Isles

Come on, Broderick! I think we’d better start running westwards. The Anglo-Saxons don’t want us here!

The last group of people to invade Britain was the Normans in 1066. They were descendants of Vikings who lived in northern France. Their leader became known as William the Conqueror because he and his army defeated the English. The Norman Conquest is very important in English history. The Normans spoke French, of course. This slowly changed the language spoken in England in 1066. And it helped turn it into the English language we speak today.

invade – invadere descendants of Vikings – etterkommere av vikingene conqueror – erobrer defeat – vinne over

The Vikings Crossroads 8A 30

monastery – munkekloster convent – nonnekloster hard – her: vanskelig farmland – dyrkbar mark valuable – verdifull

By AD 660 most of England had become Christian. There were monasteries and convents all over the country. In 793 the Vikings attacked a monastery on the island of Lindisfarne in northern England. They killed the monks and stole all their gold and silver. The Vikings stayed in Britain for almost three hundred years. Who were they?

The British Isles

The Vikings were people who lived in Denmark, Sweden and Norway over a thousand years ago. In those days it was hard to find good farmland. Many young men sailed out to find new land. They often stole valuable things from other people.

Viking words

Did you know that some English words are old Viking words? Egg, window and husband are just some examples.

sailor – sjømann dragon – drage decorate – utsmykke, dekorere scare – skremme enemy – fiende fierce-looking – her: med krigersk utseende frightening – skremmende

Crossroads 8A

The Vikings were great sailors. Their biggest ships were called longships or dragon ships. They were decorated with dragon’s heads to scare the enemy. But maybe it was the fierce-looking Vikings who were the most frightening!

Did you know this about the Vikings?

c. 300 BC: The Celts settled in Britain.

c. 43 BC: The Romans invaded Britain.

c. 450 AD: Angles, Saxons and other Germanic groups pushed the Celts westwards.

found – grunnlegge merchant – kjøpmann coin – mynt

c. 838 AD: Norwegian Vikings invaded Dublin.

The British Isles

They founded Dublin, the capital of Ireland. They were warriors, but also merchants. They made their own coins.

The Empire Crossroads 8A

colonization – kolonialisering century – århundre set – her: gå ned The British Empire – Det britiske imperiet cover – dekke surface – overflate at least – her: minst

Colonization started in the 17th century. By the 19th century Britain had colonies all over the world. People used to say “The sun never sets on the British Empire”. That is because British colonies covered over 25 percent of the surface of the Earth. So it was always daytime in at least one of them.

The British Isles

gain – vinne, få independence – uavhengighet

Three of the largest colonies gained independence from Britain as early as the 18th and 19th centuries: The USA in 1776 Australia in 1788 New Zealand in 1840

5 Boadicea was a great warrior and leader. Most military leaders are men. Why do you think this is? Discuss.

6 The Vikings brought Scandinavian words to Britain. Far more words go the opposite way now. Write a list of words you think we have borrowed from English. Discuss your list in pairs.

7 Play Hangman with your partner using words from “The Vikings”. 8 Make a drawing of a Viking ship. Write a short description of it. Use these words: dragon’s head, oar, mast, sail, plank 9 Fill in the missing letters. V-k-ngs R-m-ns C-l-s -ngl-s S-x-ns 10 Fill in the gaps with the most suitable word. The Vikings stole … (cheap, stupid, valuable) things from other people. Their boats were made of … (metal, stone, wood). The biggest ships were called … (short ships, good ships, dragon ships). They were decorated with … (dog’s heads, dragon’s tails, dragon’s heads) to scare the enemy. far more words – langt flere ord opposite – motsatt gap – hull

The British Isles

1 How long have people been living in Britain? 2 When did the Romans leave Britain? 3 What happened on Lindisfarne in 793? 4 What is the Commonwealth of Nations?

independent – selvstendig join – her: bli medlem av association – forening former – tidligere member state – medlemsstat

Crossroads 8A

Most of the colonies became independent in the 20th century. Nearly all of them joined the Commonwealth of Nations. This is an association of former colonies plus Great Britain. The Commonwealth has 54 member states.

Crossroads 8A

D The United Kingdom and Ireland – Some Facts England

Area: 130,395 sq. km. Population: 53,000,000 Capital: London Major cities: Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Sheffield, Bristol Language: English Currency: Pound Sterling Highest point: Scafell Pike (978 m) Longest river: the Thames (330 km) Largest lake: Windermere (16 sq. km.) National Day: 23 April, St. George’s Day National flower: the rose

The British Isles Do you fancy a cuppa?

population – befolkning major cities – de viktigste storbyene currency – valuta the Welsh – waliserne own – her: egen

An Englishman was standing next to a Scot in a bar. The Scot asked “Where are you from?” The Englishman said “I’m from the finest country in the world.” The Scot replied “Are you? You have a really funny accent for a Scotsman.”

reply – svare for a Scotsman – til å være en skotte funny – her: merkelig

3 Talk about this in groups: • What are the English like? • How are they different from Americans? • What is typical of Norwegians?

4 Write a letter to a penfriend in England. Tell her/him what is typical about Norway and Norwegians. Here are some ideas:

• • •

Norwegians take off their shoes when they visit someone’s home. Babies sleep outside even in winter. Norwegians go for walks even when it is bad weather.

5 Form a group of four pupils. Two of you are English tourists in Norway. The other two are Norwegians. The tourists ask the Norwegians a lot of questions about what they should see and do in Norway. The Norwegians give them some advice. mix up – blande (sammen) what is/are … like? – hvordan er …

The British Isles

1 Why is it important not to mix up England and Britain? 2 What is meant by the expression “The sun never sets on the British Empire”?

Crossroads 8A

Many people call Britain “England” and the British “English”. The Scots and the Welsh do not like being called English. They have their own history, culture and identity. England is the largest country in Europe. Great Britain is the largest island. And London is the largest city in both Britain and Europe. Did you know that the English drink more tea than any other people in the world? They drink twenty times more tea than the Americans.

Scotland

NO RT HW

ES TH

IGH

LA N

Crossroads 8A

Inverness Aberdeen

Loch Ness

Ben Nevis

HEBRIDES

Dundee

Oban

Tay

Loch Lomond

Edinburgh

GLASGOW

The British Isles

SOU

loch – innsjø Highlands – Høylandet, indreliggende fjellområder i Skottland Lowlands – Lavlandet, lavereliggende områder i Skottland

NDS

PLA

U ERN

Area: 78,772 sq. km. Population: 5,200,000 Capital: Edinburgh Major cities: Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Dundee Language: English, Gaelic and Scots Currency: Pound Sterling Highest point: Ben Nevis (1,343 m) Longest river: the Tay (193 km) Largest lake: Loch Lomond (70 sq. km.) National Day: 30 November, St. Andrew’s Day National flower: the thistle

e Twe

Scotland has three main areas: the Highlands in the north, the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands. Nearly 90 percent of the population lives in the Lowlands.

Scottish Gaelic – skotsk gaelisk Western isles – øyene i vest mountainous – fjellrik(t) peak – fjelltopp kilt – kilt, skotteskjørt wear – ha på seg occasion – anledning decision – avgjørelse foreign policy – utenrikspolitikk defence – forsvar

Haggis is the national dish of Scotland. It is a big sausage, made of offal, such as the heart, liver and lungs of a sheep. It is usually boiled in a sheep’s stomach for several hours. Haggis is served with mashed turnips and mashed potatoes. Haggis was popular among poor people in the old days because it is made of cheap meat.

dish – matrett offal – innmat several – flere mashed turnips – nepestappe mashed potatoes – potetstappe cheap – billig

Men in kilts at the Highland Games.

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Haggis

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In Scotland they use Gaelic as well as English on road signs, at railway stations and at airports. About 70,000 people understand Gaelic. It is the first language of about 30,000 speakers in the Western Isles. Scotland is mountainous, but there are not many high peaks. Ben Nevis, Britain’s highest mountain, is in Scotland. It is only 1,343 metres high. Have you ever seen a Scot in a kilt? It is the Scottish national costume. People only wear it on special occasions, not every day. Scotland has its own Parliament in Edinburgh. However, the Parliament of the United Kingdom (in London) makes decisions on foreign policy and defence. Many Scots believe that Scotland should leave the United Kingdom and become an independent country.

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Nessie sea monster – sjøuhyre prove – bevise exist – eksistere, finnes out of focus – uskarp

Many people believe there is a sea monster in Loch Ness. She is called Nessie and is the most famous sea monster in the world. But nobody has proved that she exists. Many people have tried to take a picture of her. There are some photos which show something that looks like a monster, but they are all out of focus. Every year thousands of tourists travel to Loch Ness. They all hope to see the famous sea monster.

describe – beskrive

br ian

Mou

ntains

Wales

7 You are a photographer. You are at Loch Ness. You have taken some fantastic photos of Nessie for your blog. Write a few lines to go with the photos.

Area: 20,733 sq. km. Population: 3,000,000 Capital: Cardiff Major cities: Caerphilly, Newport, Swansea, Wrexham Language: English and Welsh Currency: Pound Sterling Highest point: Mount Snowdon/Yr Wyddfa (1,085 m) Longest river: the River Tywi (Towy) (105 km) Largest lake: Bala (4.84 sq. km.) National Day: 1 March, St. David’s Day National flower: the daffodil

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4 Would you like to try Haggis? Tell your classmates why or why not. 5 Tell your group what your favourite dish is. Also say what you really hate and why! Say what these dishes are made of.

6 What does Nessie look like? Draw a picture of Nessie. Use these words to describe your picture: long/short neck, big/ small teeth, round/pointed ears, large/small nostrils, thick/thin tail. Describe Nessie to your partner.

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1 Where in Scotland do most people live? 2 Where is the Scottish parliament? 3 Who is “Nessie”?

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official – offisiell little by little – litt etter litt Welsh – walisisk stunning – slående, overveldende (vakkert) coastline – kystlinje to go hiking – gå fottur area – område referendum – folkeavstemning assembly – nasjonalforsamling

Wales became part of the United Kingdom in the 16th century. English became the only official language and, little by little, people stopped speaking Welsh. Today there are many people who are trying to keep the Welsh language alive. Signs at airports, railway stations and many other places are in both English and Welsh now. Wales is a beautiful country with scenic mountains and valleys, and stunning coastlines. Many tourists visit Wales to go hiking in the mountains. One of the most popular hiking areas is Eryri National Park. The English name for this national park is Snowdonia. In 1997 there was a referendum in both Wales and Scotland. People there said they wanted an assembly in Wales and a parliament in Scotland. So now most political decisions about Wales and Scotland are made there, and not in London.

1 What are the two official languages in Wales? 2 What do tourists like to do in Wales?

3 Many countries have more than one official language. Work in groups. Make a list of these countries and languages.

4 Take a good look at the picture of the sign. Compare it to Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic signs on the Internet. Are there any similarities? Discuss in a group.

5 Translate the second paragraph.

Below: King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. King Arthur’s knights were seated at a round table so that they all should be equal.

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Above: Cows grazing in green pastures in Wales. Left page: What is the longest name you can think of? It is probably not half as long as the name of this town in Northern Wales.

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King Arthur – A Welsh Legend A long, long time ago a boy called Arthur was born in Wales. He was born out of wedlock. His father was a king and his mother was the wife of a duke. He was brought up far away from his parents. When his father died, the country was without a king. The great lords decided that they should arrange a tournament. The knight who won it would be the next king.

out of wedlock – utenfor ekteskap duke – hertug bring up – oppdra, fostre (bring, brought, brought) without – uten great lords – adelsmenn tournament – turnering knight – ridder

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foster brother – fosterbror participate – delta instead – i stedet plunge into – bore inn i easily – lett hurry – skynde seg inscription – noe som er skrevet kneel – knele (kneel, knelt, knelt)

Arthur had an older foster brother. His name was Kay. He wanted to participate in the tournament. The whole family went with him. But Kay forgot his sword. He asked Arthur if he could go back and get it for him. Arthur went all the way back, but he could not find the sword. Instead he saw a sword that was plunged into a stone. “Let me try to pull it out,” he thought. He did it easily.

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Arthur hurried to his brother with the sword. In the blade of the sword there was an inscription which said: “Whoever pulls this sword from the stone is the rightful king of Britain”. So Kay knelt before Arthur because he understood that Arthur was the new king.

1 Where did Arthur grow up? 2 Why did he become famous?

3 Arthur became a hero. Do you have a hero? Tell a classmate.

Verbs tell you what somebody or something is doing. For example: go, sleep, drive, play 4 How many verbs can you find in “King Arthur”? Work in pairs.

I have, you have, he/she/it has, we have, you have, they have 5 Fill in have/has. Wales … many mountains. I … been to Wales. … you been to Wales? … you been to Cardiff? … she been to Snowdonia? I … never been to Scotland. I … studied English for many years. … he studied English in Wales? Yes, they … studied English together.

6 Act this out. A You are Arthur’s brother. Ask him to go and get a sword for you. B You are Arthur. Tell your brother how you got the sword.

The Republic of Ireland

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Area: 70,273 sq. km. Population: 4,200,000 Capital: Dublin Major cities: Cork, Limerick, Galway Language: English and Irish Gaelic Currency: Euro Highest point: Carrantuohill (1041 m) Longest river: the Shannon (372 km) Largest lake: Lough Corrib (175 sq. km) National Day: 17 March, St. Patrick’s Day National flower: the shamrock

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Bann

Northern Ireland

Area: 13,576 sq. km. Population: 1,800,000 Capital: Belfast Major cities: Londonderry, Newtownabbey Language: English and Irish Gaelic Currency: Pound Sterling Highest point: Slieve Donnard (852 m) Longest river: the Bann (129 km) Largest lake: Lough Neagh (396 km2) National Day: 17 March, St. Patrick’s Day National flower: the shamrock

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Left: The landscape around Dunluce Castle in Northern Ireland is breathtaking. Below: Have you tried kayaking? You should. It is very relaxing.

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emerald – smaragd(grønn) reunite – gjenforene violent – voldelig kayaking – kajakkpadling

Ireland is divided into two parts. The Republic of Ireland (not part of the United Kingdom) is the largest part. It is often called the Emerald Isle because it is very green. The Irish flag is also green. Northern Island is the other part of Ireland. It is part of the United Kingdom. Most people in the Republic of Ireland are Catholics. Most people in Northern Ireland are Protestants. Most of the Catholics in Northern Ireland want to be reunited with the rest of Ireland, but the Protestants feel they are British. For many years there was violent conflict between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland and many people were killed. Northern Ireland is a perfect place for outdoor activities like surfing, windsurfing, sailing and kayaking. You can go horse riding or mountain biking there, too. Did you know that the “Titanic”

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king? ng.

Graffiti in Belfast calling for peace. Many innocent people have died during the conflict which is called “The Troubles”.

voyage – sjøreise gift of the gab – flink til å snakke for seg

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was built in Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland? The ship collided with an iceberg and sank on its first voyage in 1912. They say the Irish have the “gift of the gab”. This means that they always have a good story to tell. Music is also an important part of Irish culture and there is live music everywhere.

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celebrate – feire patron saint – skytshelgen parade – opptog event – begivenhet even – her: selv fountain – fontene dye – farge

The Irish celebrate St. Patrick’s Day every year on 17 March. St. Patrick is the patron saint of the Irish. On this day, people dress up in costumes that are the same colour as the Irish flag. Everyone has fun. There is always a big parade with music, dancing and wonderful costumes. There are many Irish people living in London. St. Patrick’s Day is a big event in the English capital. People dress in green, the traditional colour of Ireland. In 2008, even the water in the fountain at Trafalgar Square was dyed green!

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1 How do the Irish celebrate St. Patrick’s Day? 2 What is the traditional Irish colour?

3 How do you celebrate our National Day? Tell your partner about all the things you normally do.

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E The Pub

Pubs have existed in Britain since the Middle Ages. At that time the water was too dirty to drink. Even children had to drink beer. It is very important to be polite when you are in Britain. The most important word to remember is PLEASE. Use PLEASE when you order something at a restaurant or ask somebody the way. Be friendly and polite, and you will have a good time in Britain.

1 What do people do in a pub? 2 Why did everybody drink beer in the Middle Ages?

3 Draw your own Andy Cap comic strip.

There are probably about 60,000 pubs in Britain.

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The name pub is short for public house. In every little town or village in Britain there is at least one pub. In big cities there is one on almost every street corner. Here people can meet and have a chat, play a game of darts or enjoy a meal and a pint of beer.

short for – forkortelse for chat – samtale game of darts – pilspill pint – cirka en halv liter beer – øl

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F At a Restaurant waiter – servitør

John and Lisa are on their first date in London. They have just walked into a restaurant. The waiter comes over. The waiter: Good evening, welcome. John: Good evening. I’ve booked a table for two in the name of Smith. The waiter: This way, please! They sit down. The waiter gives them the menu. John: What would you like to have, Lisa? Lisa: I don’t know, really. What are you having?

The waiter: Here you are, your Welsh rabbit, and a medium rare steak for you. I hope everything is all right. John: Yes, thank you. This looks delicious. The waiter: Enjoy your meal! Lisa: Er … Excuse me, I don’t think there’s any meat here! Where’s the rabbit? The waiter: Well, ehm … Welsh rabbit isn’t actually rabbit. It’s a vegetarian dish. It’s a mixture of spices and melted cheese on toast. Lisa: Oh, I had no idea. Never mind, I’ll try it anyway. Mmm, it’s really good, actually! John: Oh, that’s a relief!

How do you like your steak?

rare – red inside, the centre is heated, but not cooked right through medium rare – red inside and completely heated medium – pink, but a little red in the centre medium well – pink well done – grey inside

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A few minutes later, the waiter comes back.

steak – biff Perrier – vann med kullsyre (fransk merke) medium rare – litt mindre enn halvstekt French fries – pommes frites here you are – vær så god mixture – blanding spice – krydder melt – smelte that’s a relief – her: nå ble jeg letta

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John: I think I’d like some meat. A steak perhaps? Lisa: Yes, I’d like some meat, too. They have Welsh rabbit here. I’ve never had rabbit. I think I’ll try that. The waiter: Are you ready to order? Would you like to start with the drinks? John: Lisa, what would you like? Lisa: A Perrier would be nice, thanks. John: A Perrier and a diet Coke, please. The waiter: What would you like to eat, Sir? John: She would like the Welsh rabbit and I think I’ll have a steak. The waiter: And how would you like your steak? John: Medium rare. And could I have French fries, please. The waiter: Certainly. Thank you very much. John: Thank you.

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1 What did John drink at the restaurant? 2 Why was Lisa surprised when she got her meal?

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3 What is your favourite dish? Check words in a dictionary. Then describe your dish to your partner. 4 Make your dinner menu for the week. Use a dictionary. Monday: Pancakes Tuesday: Wednesday: Thursday: Friday: Saturday: Sunday: Ask a classmate what he or she likes on your menu.

5 There are two types of nouns: proper nouns and common nouns. Write down the nouns in the text “At a Restaurant”. proper nouns – egennavn common nouns – fellesnavn

6 You and your friend are at a restaurant. Look at the menu below. Order what you want. Use some of these words and phrases: • Please • Yes, please. • Thank you very much. • Thanks. • No, thank you. • Could I have some more …, please? • Could we have the bill, please? The waiter might say: • Are you ready to order? • Thank you very much. • Of course, no problem. • Did you enjoy your meal? • Good night.

Food Hambu rger and French fries £3 Chicken with ric e £4 Shephe rd’s Pie £4 Drinks Coke £ 1 Orange juice £ 2 Tea £ 2 Coffee £ 2

G Danny Boy

Oh Danny boy, the pipes, the pipes are calling From glen to glen, and down the mountain side The summer’s gone, and all the roses falling ‘Tis you you must go, ‘tis you must go and I must bide.

But if you come, and all the flowers are dying If I am dead, as dead I might well be You’ll come and find the place where I am lying And kneel and say an “Ave” there for me.

1 Read the lyrics aloud in a group. Read one line each. 2 Choose one or two lines you like. Tell your partner why you chose them.

And I shall hear, tho’ soft you tread above me And all my grave shall warm and sweeter be If you will bend and tell me that you love me Then I will sleep in peace until you come to me.

3 Write a short poem about somebody or something that is important to you.

Jeremy Finer, Shane MacGowan, Cait O’Riordan, James Fearnley, Andrew Ranken, Peter Stacey

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But come ye back when summer’s in the meadow Or when the valley’s hushed and white with snow ‘Tis I’ll be there in sunshine or in shadow Oh Danny boy, oh Danny boy, I love you so.

pipe – fløyte glen – dal (i Skottland og Irland) ‘tis – det er bide – vente, bli igjen ye – dere meadow – eng hushed – stille, falt til ro shadow – skygge Ave – kortform av Ave Maria som sies i katolsk bønn tho’– selv om tread – trå peace – fred

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Danny Boy is a very popular Irish song. It could be a message from a man to a woman. Some people think it’s a parent who is talking to his/her son before he goes to war. Others think it is about a dying son. Listen and see what you think.

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H The Magpie’s Nest magpie – skjære nest – rede mud – gjørme thrush – trost twig – kvist arrange – ordne blackbird – svarttrost

All the birds came to the magpie. They asked her to teach them how to build nests. For the magpie is very good at building nests. So she put all the birds around her and began to show them how to do it. First of all she took some mud and made a sort of round cake with it. “Oh, that’s how it’s done,” said the thrush. She flew away. So that’s how thrushes build their nests. Then the magpie took some twigs and arranged them round in the mud.“Now I know all about it,” said the blackbird, and flew away. So that’s how blackbirds make their nests.

After this the magpie took some twigs and twined them round the outside. “Now I know how to build a nest!” said the sparrow, and flew away. So that’s how sparrows build their nests.

layer – lag owl – ugle twine – tvinne sparrow – spurv different – forskjellig differently – på forskjellig måte

So it went on. Every bird learned something about how to build nests. But none of them waited to the end. And that is why different birds build their nests differently.

3 Describe a bird to your partner. Can he/ she guess what it is? Some useful words: feather – fjær beak – nebb leg – bein feet – føtter

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English fairy tale

1 Why did all the birds come to the magpie? 2 Why do the birds in the story build their nests differently?

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Then the magpie put another layer of mud over the twigs. “Of course,” said the wise owl, and flew away. So that’s how owls make their nests.

4 Which bird is it? Fill in the missing letters. a) ma_pi_ _ b) t_r_sh c) spar_o_ d) o_ l 5 Write a story about a bird.

LANGUAGE CORNER Crossroads 8A

Brainstorming You have done some brainstorming in this chapter. Did it help? Write down these questions on a sheet of paper and answer them. Put this sheet in your Student’s Book.

• How many times have I brainstormed in English lessons since I started in Year 8? • How has it been helpful? • What can I do differently? Compare your answers with a partner.

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TASK BANK 1 Healthy food is important for learning. Are these healthy? Discuss. spaghetti hamburgers yoghurt sandwiches ice cream 2 Who likes shopping most when they are abroad, men or women? Discuss.

3 Think of all you know about the United Kingdom. Make a list of key words. Talk with your partner about this. 4 Make a funny or exciting comic strip with Vikings or Celts as the main characters. 5 You are Nessie! Write a paragraph about yourself. What do you think of all the tourists? What do you do on a normal day?

DIG INTO IT 5 Make a presentation or a poster on birds and wildlife in the United Kingdom. 6 Who was the best Paralympic or Olympic athlete of the 2012 games in London? Browse the Internet for information. Make an oral presentation on the athlete you have chosen.

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word quest ancestor (s) [ˈænsestə] en av forfedrene area (s) [ˈeəriə] område arrange (v) [əˈreindʒ] ordne assembly (s) [əˈsɛmbli] nasjonalforsamling association (s) [əsəusiˈeiʃən] forening at least [ət liːst] her: minst attack (v) [əˈtœk] angripe Ave [ˈɑːveı] kortform av Ave Maria (katolsk bønn)

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1 Find out more about the Vikings. Use the Internet. Make a poster with text and illustrations. 2 The Vikings lived in York and Dublin. Find out more about these places. Present your findings to the class. 3 You are William the Conqueror. Write your diary for the day you conquered England. 4 Find out about a famous Scottish, Welsh or Irish man or woman. Make a PowerPoint presentation on his or her life.

beer (s) [biə] øl bide (v) [baıd] vente, bli igjen blackbird (s) [ˈblœkbɜːd] svarttrost border (s) [ˈbɔːdə] grense brand store (s) [brœnd stɔː] merkevarebutikk brought up (v) [brɔːt ʌp] oppdratt (bring, brought, brought)

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Buckingham Palace (s) [ˈbʌkıŋəm ˈpœlıs] det kongelige slottet i London cab (s) [kæb] drosje careful (adj.) [ˈkeəfl] forsiktig celebrate (v) [ˈsɛlibreit] feire century (s) [ˈsɛntʃəri] århundre chat (s) [tʃæt] samtale cheap (adj.) [tʃiːp] billig coastline (s) [ˈkəʊstlaın] kystlinje coin (s) [kɔin] mynt collage (s) [kɒlˈɑːʒ] her: samling av bilder colonization (s) [ˈkɒlənaıˈzeıʃn] kolonialisering colony (s) [ˈkɒləni] koloni common nouns (s) [ˈkɒmən naʊnz] fellesnavn conqueror (s) [ˈkɒŋkrə] erobrer convent (s) [ˈkɒnvənt] kloster for nonner cover (v) [ˈkʌvə] dekke currency (s) [ˈkʌrəntsi] valuta daffodil (s) [ˈdæfədil] påskelilje decision (s) [dıˈsıʒn] avgjørelse decorate (v) [ˈdekəreıt] utsmykke, dekorere defeat (v) [diˈfiːt] vinne over defence (s) [dıˈfents] forsvar descendants of Vikings (s) [dıˈsendənts əv vaıkıŋz] etterkommere av vikinger describe (v) [dıˈskraıb] beskrive destination (s) [ˌdestıˈneıʃn] her: mål destroy (v) [dıˈstrɔı] legge øde different (adj.) [ˈdıfrnt] forskjellig

differently (adv.) [ˈdıfrntli] på forskjellig måte dish (s) [dıʃ] her: matrett double-decker bus (s) [ˌdʌblˈdekə bʌs] toetasjers buss dragon (s) [drœgn] drage duke (s) [djuːk] hertug dye (v) [daı] farge easily (adj.) [ˈiːzili] lett emerald (adj.) [ˈɛmərəld] smaragd(grønn) emperor (s)[ˈemprə] keiser enemy (s) [ˈɛnəmi] fiende ethnic background [ˈeɵnık ˈbœkgraund] etnisk opprinnelse even (adv.) [iːvn] her: selv event (s) [ıˈvent] begivenhet ever (adv.) [ˈɛvə] her: noensinne exist (v) [ıgˈzıst] eksistere, finnes experience (v) [ıkˈspıəriənts] oppleve faith (s) [feıɵ] tro far more words [fɑː mɔː wɜːdz] langt flere ord farmland (s) [ˈfɑːmlœnd] dyrkbar mark fierce-looking (adj.) [fıəs lʊkıŋ] her: med krigersk utseende fled (v) [fled] flyktet (flee, fled, fled) flog (v) [flɒg] piske for a Scotsman [fər ə ˈskɒtsmən] til å være en skotte foreign policy (s) [ˈfɒrın ˈpɒləsı] utenrikspolitikk former (adj.) [ˈfɔːmə] tidligere

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independent (adj.) [ˌındıˈpendənt] uavhengig inscription (s) [ınˈskrıpʃn] inskripsjon, noe som er skrevet instead (adv.) [ınˈsted] i stedet invade (v) [ınˈveıd] invadere island (s) [ˈaılənd] øy isle (s) [aıl] øy join (v) [dʒɔın] bli medlem av kayaking (v) [ˈkaıœkıŋ] kajakkpadling knelt (v) [nelt] knelte (kneel, knelt, knelt) knight (s) [naıt] ridder layer (s) [leıə] lag leave their mark [liːv ðeə maːk] sette spor etter seg little by little [ˈlıtl baı lıtl] litt etter litt loch (s) [lɒk] innsjø (i Skottland) look forward to [lʊk ˈfɔːwəd tə] glede seg til Lowlands (s) [ˈləʊlənds] Lavlandet, lavereliggende områder i Skottland magpie (s) [ˈmœgpaı] skjære major cities [ˈmeıdʒə ˈsıtiz] de viktigste storbyene make up [meık ʌp] her: utgjøre manage (v) [ˈmœnıdʒ] klare map (s) [mœp] kart mash (v) [mœʃ] mose mashed potatoes (s) [mœʃt pəˈteɪtəʊz] potetstappe mashed turnips (s) [mœʃt ˈtəːnips] nepestappe

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foster brother (s) [ˈfɒstə ˈbrʌðə] fosterbror found (v) [faʊnd] grunnlegge fountain (s) [ˈfaʊntın ] fontene French fries (s) [frentʃ fraız] pommes frites frightening (adj.) [ˈfraıtnıŋ] skremmende funny (adj.) [ˈfʌni] her: merkelig gain (v) [gein] vinne, få game of darts (s) [geım əv dɑːts] pilspill gap (s) [gœp] hull gift of the gab [gıft əv ðə gœb] flink til å snakke for seg glen (s) [glen] dal (i Skottland og Irland) great lords (s) [greıt lɔːdz] adelsmenn hard (adj.) [haːd] her: vanskelig here you are [hıə ju ɑː] vær så god Highlands (s) [ˈhaılənds] Høylandet, indreliggende fjellområder i Skottland to go hiking [tu gəu haıkıŋ] gå fottur host family (s) [həʊst ˈfœmli] vertsfamilie Houses of Parliament (s) [haʊzız əv ˈpɑːləment] parlamentet i London how about [haʊ əˈbaʊt] hva med however (adv.) [hauˈɛvə] imidlertid huge (adj.) [hjuːdʒ] svær, diger hurry (v) [ˈhʌri] skynde seg hushed (adj.) [hʌʃt] stille, falt til ro in revenge [ın rıˈvendʒ] som hevn incredible (adj.) [ınˈkredıbl] utrolig independence (s) [ˌındıˈpendənts] uavhengighet

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The British Isles

meadow (s) [ˈmedəʊ] eng medium rare [ˈmiːdiəm reə] litt mindre enn halvstekt melt (v) [mɛlt] smelte member state (s) [ˈmembə steıt] medlemsstat merchant (s) [ˈmɜːtʃnt] kjøpmann mix up (v) [mıks ʌp] blande (sammen) mixture (s) [ˈmıkstʃə] blanding monastery (s) [ˈmɒnəstri] kloster for munker mountainous (adv.) [ˈmaʊntınəs] fjellrik(t) mud (s) [mʌd] gjørme music scene (s) [ˈmjuːzık siːn] musikkmiljø nest (s) [nest] rede occasion (s) [əˈkeıʒn] anledning occupy (v) [ˈɒkjəpaı] okkupere offal (s) [ˈɒfl ] innmat official (adj.) [əˈfiʃl] offisiell opposite (adj.) [ˈɔpəzit] motsatt out of focus [aʊt əv ˈfəukəs] uskarp out of wedlock [aʊt əv ˈwedlɒk] utenfor ekteskap owl (s) [aʊl] ugle own (adj.) [əun] her: egen parade (s) [pəˈreıd] opptog participate (v) [pɑːˈtısıpeıt] delta partly (adv.) [ˈpaːtli] delvis patron saint (s) [ˈpeıtrn seınt] skytshelgen peace (s) [piːs] fred peak (s) [piːk] fjelltopp Perrier (s) [ˈperieı] vann med kullsyre

(fransk merke) pickpocket (s) [ˈpıkpɒkıt] lommetyv pint (s) [paınt] en halvliter pipe (s) [paıp] fløyte plunge into (v) [plʌndʒ ˈintə] bore inn i polite (adj.) [pəˈlait] høflig population (s) [ˌpɒpjəleıʃn] befolkning probably (adv.) [ˈprɔbəbli] sannsynligvis proper noun (s) [ˈprɒpə naʊn] egennavn protect (v) [prəˈtɛkt] beskytte proud (adj.) [praud] stolt prove (v) [pruːv] bevise pull (v) [pul] dra referendum (s) [ˌrefrˈendəm] folkeavstemning regard (v) [rıˈgɑːd] betrakte reply (v) [rıˈplaı] svare reunite (v) [ˌriːjuːˈnaıt] gjenforene sailor (s) [ˈseılə] sjømann scare (v) [skɛə] skremme scenic (adj.) [ˈsiːnık] naturskjønn sceptical (adj.) [ˈskeptıkal] skeptisk, ikke ha tro på Scottish Gaelic (s) [ˈskɒtıʃ ˈgeılık] skotsk gælisk sea monster (s) [siː ˈmɒntstə] sjøuhyre set (v) [sɛt] her: gå ned settle (v) [sɛtl] bosette seg several (pron.) [ˈsɛvrəl] flere shadow (s) [ˈʃœdəʊ] skygge shopaholic (s) [ˌʃɒpəˈhɒlık]

The British Isles

used to have [juːs tə hœv] pleide å ha usually (adj.) [ˈjuːʒli] vanligvis valuable (adj.) [ˈvœljuəbl] verdifull violent (adj.) [ˈvaiələnt] voldelig visitor (s) [ˈvizitə] gjest voyage (s) [ˈvɔiidʒ] sjøreise waiter (s) [ˈweitə] servitør wall (s) [wɔːl] mur, vegg warrior (s) [ˈwɒriə] kriger waste (s) [weıst] søppel wear (v) [wɛə] ha på seg Welsh (adj.) [welʃ] walisisk Western isles (s) [ˈwestən aılz] øyene i vest what is/are … like? [hwɒt ıs /ɑː … laık ] hvordan er … what the island was like [hwɒt ðə aılənd wəz laık] hvordan øya var which is which [hwıtʃ ıs hwıtʃ] her: hva som er hva whoever (pron.) [huːˈɛvə] den som without (prep.) [wiðˈaut] uten ye [jiː] dere (you)

Crossroads 8A

shoppingavhengig short for [ʃɔːt fə] forkortelse for sparrow (s) [ˈspœrəʊ] spurv spectacular (adj.) [spekˈtœkjələ] flott spice (s) [spaıs] krydder sporting events [spɔːtıŋ ıˈvents] sportslige øvelser standing stones [stœndıŋ stəʊnz] reiste steiner steak (s) [steık] biff stunning (adj.) [stʌnıŋ] slående, overveldende (vakkert) sure (adj.) [ʃuə] sikker surface (s) [ˈsɜːfıs] overflate take care of [teik kɛəʀ əv] ta vare på ‘tis [tız] det er that’s a relief [ðəts ə rıˈliːf] her: nå ble jeg letta The Commonwealth of Nations (s) [ðə ˈkɒmənwelɵ əv ˈneıʃnz] samband av tidligere britiske kolonier the Welsh [ðə wɛlʃ] waliserne the whole of [ðə həul əv] hele ‘tho [ðəʊ] selv om thrush (s) [ɵrʌʃ] trost tournament (s) [ˈtʊənəmənt] turnering tread (v) [trɛd] trå tribe (s) [traıb] stamme, folkegruppe twig (s) [twıg] kvist twine (v) [twain] tvinne used for [juːsd fəʀ] brukt til

Halvor Heger Nina Wroldsen Lindis Hallan

Dette er Crossroads: • Spennende temaer

• Virkelige møter med mennesker i den engelsktalende verden • Leseglede og fengende tekster

Crossroads

• Et mylder av oppgaver • Grammatikk

8|A

Lettlest www.fagbokforlaget.no ISBN 978-82-11-01514-3

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Halvor Heger Nina Wroldsen Lindis Hallan

Crossroads 8|A Engelsk for ungdomstrinnet • Lettlest