Ebook complete

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

ïªJ xË

1

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

khkd;wj;jpd; itutpoh kyu; ntspaPl;L epfo;T - aho;g;ghzk; (28 - 05 - 2016)

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

rptnjhz;lu; mzp Cu;tyk; khkd;w aho;. gzpkidapypUe;J Gwg;gLjy;

fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; itutpoh kyiu Cu;tyj;jpy; nfhz;L nry;fpwhu;.

ey;Y}upy; itutpoh kyUld; fe;jid topgl;L epd;w Ntis

khkd;w itutpoh kyupid rPu;tsu;rPu; kUjhry mbfshu; ntspapl;L itf;f khz;GkpF f.tp. tpf;Nd];tud; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhu;. mUfpy; khkd;wj; jiytu;

tlkhfhz Kjy;tu; khz;GkpF vf.tp.tpf;Nd];tud; mtu;fs; ciuahw;Wk;NghJ. ïªJ xË

khkd;wg; gpujhdpfs; rptnjhz;lu; mzp Cu;tyj;jpy;

,-t : ,e;jpa Jizj;J}Jtu; = M.eluh[d;> tlkhfhz Kjy;tu; khz;GkpF f.tp.tpf;Nd];tud;> rPu;tsu;rPu; kUjhry mbfshu;> khkd;wj; jiytu;> ey;iy MjPd Kjy;tu; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhrhupa Rthkpfs;> Md;kPfr;Rlu; up\p njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs;> fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd;

rpwg;Gg; gpujpia jpU. rpwg;Gg; gpujpia Nguhrpupau; rpwg;Gg; gpujpia kh.Ntjehjd; mtu;fs; khkd;w Nt.fe;jrhkp mtu;fs;> khkd;wj; tphpTiuahsh; jiytuplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; gpujpj; jiytu; kh. jtNahfuh[h re;jpuNrfuk; mtu;fs; nfhz;lNghJ. mtu;fsplkpUe;J Md;kPfr;Rlu; up\p ngw;Wf; nfhz;l NghJ. njhz;Lehjd; RthkpfsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;l NghJ.

,e;jpa Jizj;J}Jtu; = M.eluh[d; mtu;fs; ciuahw;Wk;NghJ. 2

jkpo;ehL> Ng&uhjPd ,isagl;lk; rPu;tsu;rPu; kUjhry mbfs; Md;kPfg; NgUiu Mw;wpaNtis.

khkd;wg; nghUshsu; Nt.fe;jrhkp mtu;fs; ed;wpAiuapd; NghJ

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

c átka«

Ôg« - 20

ïªJ xË

Rl® - 04

J®K» tUl« itfhᤠâ§fŸ 30M« ehŸ (12.06.2016)

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ miyfly; kj;jpapy; mUs;kio nghopAk; gŠr òuhz§fŸ eapid ehfg+\zp mk;kd; âU¢á‰w«gy«

<oj;J jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; goikAk; ngUikAk; kpf;f rf;jp jykhf tpsq;FtJ eapdhjPT ehfg+\zp mk; k d; NfhapyhFk; . ,j; j pUf; N fhapy; ,aw; i ff; fly; R+o; e ; j jP t py; GJikfs; epiwe; j tifapy; tpsq;FfpwJ. gyE}W tUl fhy tuyhW $Wk; ,f; Nfhapypy; ehfk; topghL nra; j mw; G j epfo;T jdpj;JtKilaJ. ,j;jpUf;Nfhapiy jkpoh;fs; kl; L kd; w p Vida ,dj; j th; f Sk; gf; j p g+h; t khf topghL nra; J tUfpd; w dh; . irt kf; f s; jq; f s; Neh; j ; j pfis epiwNtw; W tjw; F ,j; j pUf; N fhapiy ehLtJ tof; f k; . mt; t ifapy; gps; i sr; nry; t k; Ntz; b Ak; > Neha; f spypUe; J epthuzk; ngwTk; > kq;fs tho;T Ntz;bAk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd gf;jh;fs; eapdhjPit Nehf;fp jpdKk; nry;fpwhh;fs;. Mo;fliyj;

njthu«

Kd;ndwp ahfpa Kjy;td; Kf;fzd; jd;ndwp Naru zhjy; jpz;zNk me;newp Nanrd;wq; file;j th;f;nfyhk; ed;ndwp ahtJ ekr;rp thaNt!

âUthrf«

cila ehjNd Nghw;wp epd;dyhy;

gw;W kw;nwdf; fht njhd;wpdp

cila Ndhgzp Nghw;wp ck;guhh;

jk;g uhguh Nghw;wp ahhpDq;

fila dhapNdd; Nghw;wp vd;ngUq;

fUiz ahsNd Nghw;wp nad;idepd;

mba dhf;fpdha; Nghw;wp MjpAk;

me;j khapdha; Nghw;wp ag;gNd!

âUÉir¥gh

RUjpth dtdhk; jpUneL khyhk;

Re;ju tpRk;gpd;,e; jpudhk;

gUjpth dtdhk; glh;ril Kf;fz;

gftdhk; mfcaph;f;F mKjhk;

vUJth fddhk; vapy;fs; %d;nwhpj;j

VWNr tfDkhk; gpd;Dk;

fUJthh; fUJk; cUtkhk; fq;if

nfhz;lNrh Nsr;ruj; jhNd!

eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

âU¥gšyh©L

kd;Df jpy;iy tsh;fek; gf;jh;fs;

tQ;rfh; Ngha fyg;

nghd;dpd;nra; kz;lgj; Js;Ns GFe;J

Gtdp nay;yhk; tpsq;f

md;deil klths; cikNfhd; mb

NahKf; fUs; Ghpe;J

gpd;idg; gpwtp aWf;f newpje;j

gpj;jw;Fg; gy;yhz;L $WJNk!

,yq;ifj; jpUehl;bd; tlgFjpapy; miyfly; kj;jpapy; moFw mike;Js;s eapidg; gjpapy; Nfhapy;nfhz;L vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; mUs;kpF ehfG+\zp mk;kd; Mya kNfhw;rtg; ngUtpoh epfo;e;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyg;gFjp ,J. ,k;khjk; ([_d;) 6Mk; jpfjpad;W nfhbNaw;wj;Jld; kNfhw;rtk; Muk;gkhfpaJ. vjph;tUk; 19Mk; jpfjp ,uNjhw;rtKk;> 20Mk; jpfjp jPh;j;Njhw;rtKk; ,lk;ngWfpwJ. ,jidnahl;b mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; Md;kPf ,johd ,e;J xsp (jPgk; 20> Rlh; 04) = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjohf kyh;e;Js;sJ.

âU¥òuhz«

rPh;tsh; Nfhapiy mize;J Njkyh;f; fhh;tsh; fz;lh;jhs; gzpe;J fhz;gth; ghh;Gfo; gjpfq;fs; ghb ePLthh; thh;nghopy; flk;igAk; tzq;fp tho;e;jdh;! âU¢á‰w«gy«

ïªJ xË

3

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

jhz; b miy XirfSf; F kj; j papy; mUs; k io nghopAk; mk;ghspd; jpUtUs; rpwg;igg;gw;wp Gyth;fs; gyh; ghkhiy ghbAs; s dh; . mWgj; J ehd; F rf; j p gPlq;fspy; xd;whf eapdhjPT ehfg+\zp mk;kd; Myak; tpsq;FtJ rpwg;gpj;Jr; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpoh;fspd; njhd;ik tuyhw;NwhL njhlh;Ggl;l ,j;jPit ngsj;j kjj;jth;fSk; jq;fs; tuyhw;NwhL njhlh;GgLj;jp chpik Nfhhpatz;zk; cs;sdh;. eapdhjP T mk; k dpd; jpUtUshy; Myaj; j pw; F tUifjUk; mbath;fSf;F mKJ mspg;gjw;F gy klq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;W rpwg;ghf ,aq;fp tUfpd;wd. vth; eapdhjPT nrd;whYk; grp Nghf;Ffpd;w ghhpa gzp mk; g hspd; mUshy; njhlh; e ; J eilngw; W tUfpd;wJ. <oj; j py; Gfo; g +j; j rf; j pj; jyq; f s; thpirapy; eapdhjPT ehfg+\zp mk;kd;> njy;ypg;gio Jh;f;if mk;kd;> RJkiy GtNd];thp mk;kd;> tw;whg;gis fz;zfp mk;kd;> ghz;bUg;G jpnusgij mk;kd; Nghd;w jyq;fs; kpfTk; gpurpjj; p ngw;W tpsq;Ffpdw ; d. jpUNfhzkiy gj;jpufhsp mk;kd; jpUf;NfhapypYk; jdpj; J tk; kpf; f jhf tpsq; F fpwJ. eapid ehfg+\dp mk; k d; jpUf; N fhapy; jpUtpohf; f hyk; kpfTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. Gyk;ngah;ej; jkpoh;fs; gyh; ,j;jpUtpohf;fhyj;jpy; jtwhJ topghl;bw;fhf tUfpwhh;fs;. fly;Nky; gazk; nra;J rpd;dQ;rpwpa jP t py; mike; J s; s ,j; j pUf; N fhapiy topghL nra;tjw;F gy yl;rk; kf;fs; ehb tUtJ rhjhuz tplak; my; y . eapdhjP t py; rpj; j h; f s; > Nahfpfs; > Qhdpfs; jq;fpapUe;J gyiu Mw;Wg;gLj;jpAs;sik midtUk; mwpe;jNj. goikAk; GJikAk; kpf;f ehfg+\zp mk; k dpd; ey; y Ushy; ekJ ehl; b y; ey; y wq; f s; epiyj; j pl midtUk; Ntz; L jy; nra;Nthkhf!

thœ¤J

tho;fNt tho;f ntd;ee;jp jpUtb tho;fNt tho;f kykWj; jhd;gjk; tho;fNt tho;f nka;Q;Qhdj; jtd;jhs; tho;fNt tho;f kykpyhd; ghjNk!

(jpUke;jpuk;)

ïªJ xË m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya¤â‹ btËpL

eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

MáÇa® FG : âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ âU.á. âšiyeluh#h fyhÃâ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh át$ f. it¤ÔÞtu¡ FU¡fŸ âU. j. kndhfu‹ âU. m. fdfNÇa® xU ãuâÆ‹¬ Éiy %gh 50.00 tUlhªj¢ rªjh (cŸehL) %gh 300.00

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hindu oli Publication of

Hindu research centre of

all ceylon hindu congress

Nainativu Sri Nagapooshani Amman Mahotsava Special Issue

April - May 2016

Editorial Board :

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Telephone No.: 0212221075, Fax No.: 0212217280

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

mL¤j Rl®

Views expressed in the articles in Hindu Oli are those of the contributors.

ISSN : 2012 - 9645

J®K» tUl« MÅ - Mo ïªJ xË

4

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

mUŸ klš gz;Gilatiu mwpTilatuhf;FNthk; ntWk; Gj;jff; fy;tpapdhy; ngWk; gl;lq;fs; gjtpfs; vd;gd Raeyr; rpe;jidia kl;LNk tsh;f;Fk; vd;w fhuzj;jpdhy; fy;tpAld; nka;QQ ; hd mwpTk; ew;gz;GfSk; ,ize;jpUj;jy; mtrpak; vd;gij tpsf;fpdhh;. xU fy;tpahsd; VjhtnjhU fhhpaj;ij nfl;bj;jdkhfr; nra;tjpy; ty;ytuhf ,Ug;ghh; vdf; fUjKbahJ. ty; y thplk; ey; y gz; G fs; ,ay; g hf ,Uf; F khdhy; mth; jdJ ty; y ikia gyh; gad; n gw cjTthh;. ,d; W vkJ kz; z py; gz; G Fiwe; j th; f s; gyhplk; gbg;Gk; gjtpAk; gzKk; Nrh;e;Jtpl;lJ. mjdhy; Nghl;bAk; nghwhikAk; g+rYk; kypeJ ; fhzg;gLfpwJ. gz;gpyy ; hjth;fsplk; ghtGz;zpak; gw;wpa ek;gpfi ; f Kw;WKOjhf tpilngw;WtpLk;. mjdhy; mth;fs; vijAk; nra;thh;fs;. ,d;W gbj;jth;fspilNa xw; W ikapd; i k ngUk; g hYk; fhzg; g LfpwJ. Md; k P f g; gyj;ijtpl mwpTg;gyk; gzg;gyk; gpwnry;thf;Fg;gyk; gjtpg; g yk; vd; D k; khia mth; f isr; R+o; e ; J nfhz; b Uf; f pwJ. ,it epue; j uk; my; y vd; w cz;ik mth;fSf;Fj; njhptjpy;iy. ,e;j jw; f hypf gyk; ,Uf; F k; N ghJ vy; N yhUk; jq; f isj; jhq; f Ns jiyth; f shff; fUJfpdw; hh;fs;. jq;fSf;F NkNy ,Uf;fpdw; jiyikia tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,jdhy; gifAk; ghtKk; ,USk; vk;ikr; R+o;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,d;W ,isa jiyKiwapdhpy; gyh; gz;G ,oe;J ghOk; tpjpf;Fs; gha;e;J epwf; pwhh;fs;. vtuhYk; ,th;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbatpy;iy. cah;e;j ghlrhiyfspy; jkJ gps;isfs; gbf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W cwq;fhJ Xbahb cioj;j ngw;Nwhh; Kjy; r%fk; tiu nra; t jwpahJ jpifj; J epw; f pwhh; f s; . rpwe; j fy;tpg;ngWNgW ngw;w khztUk; rpwpa ghijapy; jtwp elg; g J vjdhy; ? mwg; N ghjidfisAk; md;Gg; NghjidfisAk; fUizg; NghjidfisAk; Kw;whff; iftpl;L ntWk; fy;tpg; Nghjidahy; gps;isfs; rhjpf;fg;Nghfpwhh;fs; vdf; fUjpa r%fk; Njhw;Wtpl;lJ. “muk;NghYk; $h;ika NuDk; kuk;Nghy;th;

kf;fl;gz;G ,y;yh jth;” vd;w ts;Sthpd; Fws; ,d;W vk; kz;zpy; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,isa jiyKiwapdhplk; kl;Lky;y mth;fSf;F topfhl; l Ntz; b ath; f splk; $l gz; G f; F jl; L g; g hL epyTtjdhy; ,e;j mty mWtilia ehk; re;jpf;Fk; epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt mwpTilahiu ehk; cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd; d h; mth; f is gz; G ilath; f shf newpg; g Lj; J tJ mtrpakhFk;.

“gz;Gilahh;g; gl;Lz;L cyfk; mJ,d;Nwy; kz;Gf;F kha;tJ kd;.”

vd;w jpUts;Sthpd; Fws; vf;fhyj;Jf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdJ. cyfpy; Njhd;wpa Md;kPf rpe;jidahsh;fs; midtUk; gz;Gilath;fNsahdhy; cyfk; mikjpngWk; vd ciuj; J s; s hh; . xt; n thUtiuAk; rpWtaJ Kjy; gz;Gilath;fshf tsh;f;fNtz;Lk;. gz;gpy;yhjtUila ifapy; gbg; G gzk; gjtp vd; g d ,Ue; j hy; mJ kpfTk; Mgj;jhdJ. rpjj; h;fs; Nahfpfs; kfhd;fs; vd;Nghh; kdpjh;fisg; gz; G ilath; f shf Mw; W g; g Lj; J tNj Md; k P f khff; fUjpdhh;fs;. ,d;W vk;kz;zpy; ,isa jiyKiwapdh; gz;G jtwptpl;ljhf gyUk; ftiyg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ,j;jiyKiwapdUf;F topfhl;Ltjw;F ey;y gz;Gilath; fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;gij ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhs; s Ntz; L k; . vkJ %jhijahplkpUe; j cah; g z; g hL ew; g z; G fs; vd; g itfis ehk; ve;jsTJ}uk; NgzpNdhk; vd rpe;jpf;f Kw; g LNthkhapd; ehk; t pl; l jtWfs; tpsq; F k; . ehl; b y; Vw; g l; l mrhjhuz R+oiy vy; y htw; W f; F k; fhuzk; fhl; l KbahJ. ey; y gz; G fis ehk; Ngzpdhy; mtw;iw ekJ re;jjpAk; gpd;gw;Wk;. flTs; topghL> ngw; N whiug; NgZjy;> FUkw;Wk; %j;Njhiu kjpjj; y; cwtpdh; f isAk; mayth; f isAk; Nerpjj; y; gpwuJ ,d;g Jd;gq;fis ekjhff; fUjp cjTjy; Nghd;w cah; gz;Gfis ehk; vt; t sT J}uk; ghJfhj; J te; N jhk; vd rpe;jpf;fpd;w NghJ vkJ Njhy;tpia ehNk xj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gpsi ; sfs; Fog;gb vd;W nrhy;Yfpdw; ngw;Nwhh; gpsi ; sfSf;F Kd;Djhuzkhf vt;thW ele;J nfhz;lhh;fs; vd jk;ikj;jhNk Rafzpg;gPL nra;jy; mtrpakhFk;. vOj;jwpT Fiwe;j fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j kf;fsplk; ,Ue;j gz;G fw;wNjhh; r%fkhf khw;wk; ngw;w gpd; Vd; tw;wpg; NghfpwJ? ,J ngUk; Mr;rhpaj;ij jUfpwJ. vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; fy;tp vd;gJ cah;e;j rpe;jid. fy;tpahy; cah;e;j khDl gf;Ftj;ij cUthf;fyhk; vd gyUk; fUJfpd;wdh;. vq;fs; kz;zpNy fy;tp tsh;e;j NghjpYk; fUiz ,uf;fk; rhe;jk; mikjp vd; g d Vd; tsu kWj; j d vd; g J ,d; W vkJ kj;jpapy; vOfpd;w tpdhthFk;. fy;tp tsh;e;jhYk; fy;tpNahL nka;Q;Qhd mwpTk; ew;gz;GfSk; tsuhJ tpl;lhy; cyfk; ngha;j;JtpLk; vd Mj;kQhdpfs; ,jw;F gjpy; $Wfpwhh;fs;. “fw;whiu ahd; Ntz;Nld;” vd kzpthrfg; ngUkhd; Rl;bf; fhl;baJ kpfg;nghpa jj;Jtj;ij tpsf;fp epw;fpwJ. fhuzk; ïªJ xË

ÇÎ bjh©Lehj‹ 5

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

ehNf];tup mk;ghs; Nfhapy; tuyhW eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

Fy.rghehjd;; rkPgj;jpypUe;j fy;nyhd;wpidr; Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. fUlDk; me;j ehfj;ijf; nfhy;yhkYk; mjid tpl;lfyhkYk; mjw;nfjpNuapUe;j fy;nyhd;wpd;kPJ ,Ue;jJ. ,q;qdk; ,itapuz;Lk; gifik nfhz;bUf;Fk; rkaj;jpy;> mf;fly; topahf kuf;fyj;jpw; nrd;w itrpad; xUtd; me; ehfj;jpd; gaj;ijf; Fwpg;ghYzu;e;J> kuf;fyj;ij epWj;jp mf;fUlid tpyFk;gb Nfl;lhd;. “cdJ nry;tk; ahtw;iwAk; nfhzu;e;J vd;Kd; itj;jhy; tpyFNtd;” vd;wJ fUld;. tzpfDk; mq;qdNk nra;jhd;. ehfKk; jdJ ed;wpiar; nrYj;jp eapdhjPit mile;jJ. tzpfDk; jdJ ehl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhd;. ele;jtw;iwnay;yhk; jd; kidtpaplk; $wpdhd;. md;wpuT tzpfDk; kidtpAk; epj;jpiu nfhs;Sk;nghOJ xU Ngnuhsp Njhd;wp mtu;fSila fz;fisr; rpwpJ Neuk; $rr; nra;jJ. gpd;G mtu;fs; vOk;gpg; ghu;j;jNghJ ehfuj;jpdf; fw;fs; mt; miwapy; ,Ug;gijf; fz;lhu;fs;. eapdhjPtpYs;s mk;gpifapd; jpUtUs; ,Ue;jthnwd;Ndnad mtu;fs; tpag;Gw;W eapdhjPTf;F ahj;jpiu nra;ag; Gwg;gl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fs; eapdhjPTf;Fr; nrd;W tlfpof;Ff; flw;fiuapy; ehfk;khSf;Fr; rpwe;jNjhu; Myak; fl;Ltpj;jhu;fs;. VO tPjpfSk; NfhGuq;fSk; mikj;jhu;fs;. eapdhg;gl;lu; vDk; gpuhkz FUitg; G+rfuhf epakpj;jhu;fs;. ,j;jPTf;fUfpy; ,g;nghOJk; ghk;G Rw;wpa fy;> fUldpUe;j fy; vd ,U fw;fisg; nghJkf;fs; fhl;Lfpwhu;fs;. ,f; fw;fs; miyfspdhy; NkhJz;L ,aw;ifahfg; ngw;w tbtq;fis Mjhukhff; nfhz;L Nkw;$wpa fijfs; cUthfpapUj;jYk; $Lk;.

eapdhjPT vtu; vtu; vt;ntr;rkaj;ijf; iff;nfhz;l NghjpYk;> ,Wjp ,yl;rpak; xd;Nw vd;gijf; fhl;Ltjw;fhd jyq;fs;> cyfhajk; gutptUk; ,f;fhyj;jpYk; cynfq;fZk; ,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;fpd;wd! vq;fs; rpwpa ,yq;ifapYk; fhdf kj;jpapy; tpsq;Fk; fjpu;fhkk;> thDwNthq;Fk; rptndhspghjk;> Mo;fly;#o; eapdhjPT vd;gd vk;kjj;jtu;fSf;Fk; rk;kjk; nfhLg;gdtha; mike;Js;sd. eapdhjPitg;gw;wpg; gy IjPfq;fSs. mj;jPtpYs;s ehNf];tup Myaj;ijg;gw;wpAs;s IjPfq;fSk; kpfg;gy. ,/J vg;NghJ Njhd;wpaJ? vt;thW tpUj;jpahfpg; Gfo; ngw;wJ? vd;Dk; ,d;Ndhud;d tpdhf;fSf;F Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; jpUg;jpailaf; $bajhf tpil$Wk; rupj;jpu E}y;fs; ,y;iy. vdNt fu;z guk;giuahf toq;Fk; fijfisf; nfhz;Lk; gpw;fhyj;jtu; Mq;fhq;F vOjpa Fwpg;Gfisf; nfhz;Lk; ,j;jyj;jpd; tuyhw;iw Cfpf;f KbANkad;wp epjhu;j;jkhf mJgw;wpf; Fwpg;gplj; Jzpanthz;zhJ. eapdhjPTf;F ee;jhg; Gfioaspg;gJ mq;Fs;s ehNf];tup MyakhFk;. ,J ehfk;khs; Nfhapy;> ehfG+\zpak;ghs; Nfhapy; vdTk; toq;fg;gLk;. aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J fhiujPTf;Fr; nrd;W mq;fpUe;J tj;ijfs;> Nghl;Lfs;> Nkhl;lhh; yhQ;rpfs; %ykhf ahj;jpuPfu;fs; eapdhjPTf;Fr; nry;tJ tof;fk;.

Gfo;ngw;w ,r;rpW jPtpd; Rw;wsT Vwf;Fiwa ehY iky; tiuapUf;Fk;.

gioa JiwKfk;

,g;NghJ aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J Gq;FLjPTf;F Neuhfr; nry;tjw;Fr; rhiy trjp Vw;gl;L tpl;lJ. vdNt ahj;jpuPfu;fs; Gq;FLjPT nrd;W> ,ae;jpug;glF %yk; eapdhjPTf;Fg; Nghjy; RygKk; JupjKk; MFk;.

eapdhjPT gz;ilf; fhyj;jpw; rpwe;j xU JiwKfkhf tpsq;fpw;nwd;gjw;F Iakpy;iy. njd;dpe;jpahtpypUe;J me;epa ehLfSf;Ff; fg;gy;fs; nry;Yk; ghijapy; eapdhjPT ,Uf;fpd;wikahy;> jkpo; ehl;Lf; fg;gy;fSk; me;epa ehl;Lf; fg;gy;fSk; ,j;Jiwapw; jq;fpNa nrd;wpUf;ff; $Lk;. ,j;jPtpd; Nkw;Ff; flw;fiuapy; glFj;Jiw vd;w ngauhy; Xh; ,lk; ,d;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Nkw;Fg; gFjpf; fly; kpfTk; MokhfTk; ngupa fg;gy;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nra;af; $bajhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

ehfk; mu;r;rid nra;jJ. Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; eapdhjPtpYs;s mk;gpifia xU ehfk; G+rpj;J te;jjhk;. xUehs; me;ehfk; mu;r;rid nra;tjw;fhfg; G+f;fs; nfha;tjw;F nry;Yk; topapy; xU fUld; mjidf; nfhy;Yk; nghUl;L vjpu;j;J te;jJ. fUlidf; fz;L mQ;rpa ehfk; flw;fiuf;Fr;

ïªJ xË

6

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

jhNk Kisj; J mopjiyAk; fhzyhk;.

NkYk; ehfk;khs; Nfhtpypw; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l rpyhrhrdKk; ,f; nfhs;ifapid typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,r; rhrdk; fp.gp. gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; nghyeWitapypUe;J murhz;l kfh guhf;fpukghF vd;gtdhy; nghwpf;fg; ngw;wJ. ,f;flypy; ehtha;fs; fhw;wpy; mfg;gl;L cile;JNghdhy; vt;tpjKiw ifahsg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJ ,r; rhrdj;jpy; tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt fg;gy;fspw; Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nra;jtu;fSk; tzpfUk; eapdhjPtpYs;s Myaj;ijj; juprpj;jpUf;ff; $Lnkd Cfpf;f ,lKz;L.

kzpNkfyh rk;ge;jk; kzpNkfyh nja;tk; ,j;jPTfisg; ghJfhj;J te;j eapdhjPT ehfG+\zp mk;kd; njd;w IjPfk; xd;Wz;L. =kNfhw; rt rpwg;gpjo; kzpNkfyh nja;tkhdJ muf;fu; thij gz;zhjgb ,e;jpud; VtyhNy rpy jPTfisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. kzpNkfiy kzpgy;ytj;ijj; jhprpj;jhnsd kzpNkfiynaDk; fhg;gpak; $Wfpd;wJ. kzpgy;ytk; vd;gJ fhtphpg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpw;Fj; njw;Nf 30 NahridsatpYs;s xU rpW jPT vd;gJ kzpNkfiy vDk; E}ypw; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. kzpNkfiy> kzpgy;ytj;jpy; ,wq;fp mKjRugpnaDk; ml;ra ghj;jpuj;ijg; ngw;whs; vd Nkw;$wpa E}y; njhptpf;fpd;wJ. kfhtk;rj;jpy; ,t;tuyhW rpwpJ NtWglf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ ehfjPgj;ijg;gw;wp Gj;j Ihjff;fijfspy; mNef Fwpg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

rPdj;Jr; rhbfs; rpy tUlq; f Sf; F Kd; ‘gg; g utd; ry; y p’ vDk; fhzpapy; fpzW xd;W Njhz;baNghJ rpy rhbfs; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;ld. mtw;iwf; nfhOk;G E}jdrhiyf;F mDg; g pitj; j nghOJ mit rP d Njrj; J r; rhbfs; vdTk;> 12Mk; E}w;whz;bw; nra;ag;gl;litahapUj;jy; $LnkdTk; > E}jdrhiy mjpfhupfs; mgpg; g puhak; njuptpj;jhu;fs;. ngsj;j kjk; ,yq;ifapw; gutpapUe;j fhyj;jpy; Gq;FLjPT (Gtq;F jptapd)> eapdhjPT (ehf jptapd)> Cwhj;Jiw (jd;dp jptapd)> mdiyjPT (mf;dp jptad)> fhiujPT (fhw jptapd) Kjypa jPTfs; gpugy; a Kw; W tpsq; f pd. ngsj; j u; f s; ,j; j P T fspy; tpfhiufisf; fl;bdhu;fs;. eapdhjPtpYk; xU tpfhiu fl;lg;ngw;wJ. Mdhy; me;j tpfhiu ,g;nghOJ mopTw;Wf; fplf;fpdw ; J. vdpDk; Gj;ju; NfhapwF ; sk;> Gj;ju; Nfhapyb> Gj;ju; jply; vDk; ,lg;ngau;fs; gz;ilf; Nfhapypd; ngUikia epidT+l; L k; rhjdq; f shf ,d; W k; kpspu;fpd;wd. Gj;ju; jplypy; Jsrpr; nrbfs; ,g;nghOJk;

ehfjP T my; y J kzpgy; y tk; vJthapUf; f yhk; vd;gJ gw;wp mgpg;gpuha NgjKz;L. aho;g;ghzf; FlhehL KOtJNk kzpgy;ytk; my;yJ ehfjPT vd;wiof;fg;gl;l njdf; fhyQ;nrd;w Kjypahu; ,uhrehafk; mtu;fs; fUjpdhu; f s; . lhf; l u; Nghy; g P h p]; mtu; f Sk; ,f; nfhs;ifia Mjhpj;J vOjpAs;shu;. ty;ypGuf; Nfhapw; nghw;rh]dj;ijg; gw;wp lhf;lu; v];.guztpjhd mtu;fs; vOjpa fl;LiuapYk; ,f; nfhs;ifapid typAWj;jpNa vOjpAs; s hh; . ,g; n ghOJ eapdhjP T vdg; g LtNj

,e;J xsp - eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; ntspaPL mDruiz:

mkuu; nry;yg;gh Ffjhrd; mwf;nfhil epjpak; Ffd; Nkhl;Nlhu; ];Nuhu;];

jiyikafk;:

fpisfs;:

64> fy;nghj;j tPjp> nfhl;lhQ;Nrid> nfhOk;G - 13

52> 2k; FWf;F tPjp> tTdpah.

110> g[hu; tPjp> tTdpah

ïªJ xË

7

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; kzpgy;ytk;> ehfjP T > kzpj; j P T vdg; g y ngau;fshy; toq;fg;gl;lnjd;gu; gpwpnjhU rhuhu;. ,f;nfhs;ifapid Mjhpj;J jpU. nry;iyah jpy;iyiak;gyk; mtu;fs; eapdhjPT ‘ew;wtk; kpf;f eapdhjPT’ vDk; = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; fl;Liunahd;iw vOjpAs;shu;. ,q;qdk; Muha;r;rpahsu; thjkpbDk; nghJ[dq;fs; ,tw;iwg; Gwf;fzpjJ ; eapdhjPitNa Gz;zpa];jykhf nfhz;L topgLfpd;wdu;. ngsj;ju;fSk; jq;fs; Gj;ju; nghUkhdpd; ghjk; gbe;j Gz;zpa ];jykhfpa ehfjPT ,e; j eapdhjP N tnad; W fUjp mq; N f xU tpfhiu fl;bAs;shu;fs;. ,g;nghOJ Vwf;Fiwa ehs;NjhWk; ahj; j phP f u; f s; mNefu; nry; f pd; w du; . vjpu; f hyj; j py; ,e;j tpfhiu gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhzNdhu; gf;jpAld; nrd;W tzq;Fk; Myakhf tpsq;Fk; vd;gjw;Fr; re;Njfkpy;yi. flNyhl;Lfhij> ntbaurd; ehlfk;> itah ghly; Kjypatw;iw Nehf;Flkplj;J eapdhjPT ahj;jpiu ];jykhf tpsq;fpapUj;jy; $Lnkdf; fUj ,lKz;L.

te;j nghOJ Nfhapw; Nju; jhdhfNt cUz;L Nkw;F flypy; Mo;eJ ; tpll; jhk;. xU rkak; mf;fhyr; irtkf;fs; mjidf; flypDs; js;sptpl;bUj;jYk; $Lk;. rpw;rpy fhyq;fspy; Nju;Kb flypy; ngsu;zpikj; jpdj;jpy; njhpfpwJ vd;w xU fijAk; mbf;fb Nfl;fg;gLtJKz;L. ,J gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; Nju; Kjypad flypDs; js;sg;gl;l epfo;r;rpapd; vjpnuhypahf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,t;thyaj;jpw;Fr; rkPgkhftpUf;Fk; njd;de; Njhg;Gf;fspw; rpytplq;fspw; fpz;bg;ghu;j;j nghOJ> jiuapd; fPo; gioa fl;llq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. jpUf;Fsnkhd;W ntl;ba nghOJ Nfhapw; G+irf;Fhpa ntz;fyg; nghUl;fs; rpy ntspf;fpsk;gpd.

Nfhapw; Gduikg;G lr;Rf;fhuu; Ml;rpapd; gpd;du; eapdhjPtpy; kPz;Lk; ehNf];thp Myak; rpwpa mstpw; fl;lg;ngw;wJ. vdpDk; mq; N f jhgpf; f ngw; w pUe; j rptypq; f j; i jr; irtu; f s; jhk; kiwj; J itj; j pUe; j ,lj; j pw; fhzhikahw; nghpJk; ftiy nfhz;lhu;fs;. MapDk; eapdhjPTf;F tlghYs;s GypNae;jp my;yJ Gspae;jPT vDk; rpWjPtpy; gioa rptypq; f k; gpujp\; i l nra; a g; g l; b Ug; g jhff; Nfs; t pAw; w irtu; f s; xUthW kde; N jwpdhu; f s; . ,f;Nfhapy; ehfjk;gpuhd; Nfhapy; vd miof;fg;gLfpdw ; J. GypNae;jpapYs;s ehfjk;gpuhd; NfhapypNy jhgpjj; pUf;Fk; rptypq; f k; eapdhjP T ehNf]; t hp Myaj; j pd; Rw;Wg;gpufhuj;jpy; Kd;dNu gpujp\;il nra;ag;gl;bUe;j rptypqf; q;fSs; xd;whapUj;jy; $Lk; vd;w nfhs;ifAk; cz;L.

ehfeapdhu; my; y J ehfjk; g puhd; Nfhapy; nfhz;nlOe;jUspa ];jykhjypd; ,J ehfeapdhjPT vdg; ngau; ngw;wnjdTq; nfhs;syhk;.

Nfhapiy ,bj;jy;

lr;Rf;fhuu; Ml;rpf;Fg; gpd;du; ehNfr;ruj;jpy; Njtp MyaNk Kjd;ik ngw;Ws;snjdf; fUj ,lKz;L. mw;wd;W> gz;Lnjhl;L ,J Njtp MyakhfNt tpsq;fpwW ; vd thjpg;ghUKsu;.

Ghujdg; ngUiktha; e ; j ehNf]; t hp Myak; tu; j ; j fhpd; nghUs; nfhz; L tp]; j hpf; f g; g l; L tpsq;Ftijf; fz;l Nghu;j;Jf;fPru; ,jidr; Rk;kh tpl;Litg;ghu;fsh? ,e;j Myaj;jpy; cs;s nghUs; gz;lj;ij mgfhpf;Fk; Nguhir gpbj;j Nghu;j;Jf;fPru; ,jid mopff; j; njhlq;fpdhu;. Nfhapy; jiukhf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j td;fzhshpd; nfhba nraiyf; fz;L irt kf; f s; mdypilg; g l; l Gog; N ghyj; Jb Jbj; j du; . jhq; f s; gf; j pAld; topgl; L te; j %u; j ; j pfisAk; G+irg; ghj;jpuq;fisAk; Nju;fisAk; me;epau; jPz;lf; $lhjnjdf; fUjpa irt ed; k f; f s; mtw; i w ntt;Ntwplq;fspy; xspj;J itj;jhu;fs;. mk;ghis Nkw;Ff; flw;fiuapYs;s Xu; Mykug; nghe;jpy; itj;J topgl;L te;jdu;. ,e;j kuk; ‘mk;khs; xspj;j My;’ vd toq;fg;gl;lnjd Xu; IjPfKz;L. me;epau; Nfhapiy ,bj;jNghjpYk; mk;ghs; topghl;il epWj;j Kbatpyi ; y. mts; eapdhjPT kf;fs; xt;nthUtUila cs;skhfpa ngUq;Nfhapypy; cWjpahd ,lk; ngw;W tpsq;fpdhs;. me;jpa kjj;jpdu; ,d;dy; nra;jtplj;Jk; eapdhjPT kf;fs; irtg;gw;wpidf; iftpltpy;yinad;gjid ,J cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,f;Nfhapiy me;epau; mopf;f

ïªJ xË

mofpa NfhGuk; xd; W k; mikf; f g; g l; L s; s J. ehNf];thp Nfhapypd; thapypy; ,uz;L gPuq;fpfSk; xU fw;rpy;Yk; ,Ug;gij ahj;jphPfu;fs; mtjhdpj;jpUf;fyhk;. ,g;gPuq;fpfs; lr;Rf;fhuu; fhyj;jdthapUf;fyhk;. ,it ,j;jPtpd; maypYs;s flypypUe;J flw;njhopyhsuhy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;ld. mq;Fs;s fw;rpyY ; gioa Nju;rr; pyY ; vdTk;> fg;gy; eq;$unkdTk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,J gioa Nfhapypd; Jt[];jk;gj;jpd; ghfkhapUf;fTk; $Lk;. mz;ikf; fhyk; tiu ehfghk;Gfs; ,f;NfhapYf;fUfpy; te;J nry;tJ tof;fnkdr; rpy KjpNahu;fs; $wf; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;. ghk;G tzf;fk; ,e;Jf;fSl; gz;Lnjhl;Lf; fhzg;gl;l kpfTk; Guhjd topghlhfNt njhpfpd;wJ.

(ed;wp: ,yq;ifapd; Guhjd irthyaq;fs; eapid ehNf];tup > Fy.rghehjd; (1962)> kWmr;R 2006: Fkud; Gj;jf ,y;yk;)

8

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

cah;rf;jp = GtNd];thp gPlj;jpy; tPw;wpUe;J mUs;ghypf;Fk; mk;gpif fyhepjp gpuk;k= k. ghyifyhrehj rh;kh

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsh;> rk];fpUjJiw> aho;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf;fofk;;

mwpKfk; “rptG+kp” vd jpU%yuhy; rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if jpUehl; b d; tlGwj; N j aho; g ; g hz efuj; j pypUe; J njd;Nkw;F gf;fkhf Rkhh; Kg;gj;ije;J fpNyhkPw;wu; njhiytpy; miyfly; eLNt moFw mike;jpUf;Fk; ,lk; eapdjPthFk;. “efNu\_ fhQ;rp” vd;W rpwg;gpff; g;gLtijg; Nghd; W “j; t P N g\_eapdj; t P g ” vd; W rpwg; g pf; f g; g Lk; mstpwF ; rg;j jPTfspy; rpwg;Gg; nghUe;jpa jPthf eapdhjPT tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. eapdhjPtpd; Gujhdkhd ehafpahf [fd; k hjh md; i d = ehfG+\zp mUs; g hypj; J tUfpd;whs;. %h;j;jp> ];jyk;> jPh;j;jk; vDk; rpwg;Gf;fis nfhz;likag;ngw;w Njt];jhdkhfTk>; <oehl;bd; kpf Kf;fpakhd mk;gpif MyakhfTk; ,j;jpUj;jyk; tpsq;fp tUfpd;wJ.

(fUq;fy; my;y) Ie;Jjiy ehf cUit Muha;ej; mwpQh; ngUkf; f s; gyfUj; J f; f is Kd; i tj; J s; s hh; f s; .

Gujhdkhd fyg; g w; w ,ilr; n rUfyw; w ehftopghL Muk;gfhyj;jpy; eapdhjPtpNyNa fhzg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. Ie;Jjiy ehfj;jpd; Kd;G mk;ghs; Nghd;w cUtk; nfhz; l mk; g hspd; tpf; f pufKk; %y]; j hdj; j py; gpujp\; i l nra; a g; g l; b Uf; f pd; w J. %y]; j hdj; j py; mike; j ehfcUtpd; thy; g Fjp epyj; J s; gy mb Moj; j pw; F Njhz; b g; g hh; j ; j NghJk; Kw; W g; n gwhJ tsh;e;J nrd;wpUg;gJ fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; thypd; Edpg; g Fjp maypYs; s Gspae; j P T my; y J GypNae;jp vd;Dkplj;jpy; cs;s ehfjk;gpuhd; Nfhapypd; %y];jhdj;jpy; rptypq;fkhf ntspf;fpsg;gpAs;sjhf Mokhd ek;gpf;if kf;fspilNa ePz;lfhykhf epytp tUfpd;wJ.

Nfhtpy; miktplk;

tuyhw; W f; fijfSf; f hd rhd; w hjhuq; f s; mk;ghspd; Myaj;jpw;F tlf;Nf (Gspae;jPTf;F NghFk; fly; t op) flypy; ,Ue; J NknyOe; j thupahf ed; F njupAk; tz;zk; ,U fw;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit ghk;G Rw;wpafy;> fUld; ,Ue;j fy; vd;w ngah;fshy; miof;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

Fwpfhl; L thdpypUe; J Rkhh; xU fly; i ky; J}uk; Nkw;Nf fly; eLtpy; mike;Js;s mofpa ,lk; eapdhjPthFk;. eapdhjPtpy; Nfhtpypw;F Kd;ghfTs;s ,wq; F Jiwapy; gazg; g lfpy; ,Ue; J ,wq; f p tUgth;fis mutizj;J MrPh;tjpj;J ey;tuT $Wk; cyfpd; jhahf ePyj;jpiuf; flNyhuj;jpy; ngUk; Nfhtpy; nfhz;L cyfpw;F mUshl;rp nra;JtUfpd;whs; eapid ehfG+\dp mk;gpif. Nfhtpwg; hyj;jpy; ,wq;Fgth;fSf;F nrtpw;fpd;gkhf ehjkzpAk;> NtjxypAk; Njthuj; j pUthrf jpUKiwfSk; fhw; w pNy kpje; J tUfpdw ; d. fpof;F thrypNy tpzi ; zj;njhl;L epwF ; k; mstpw;F thdshtpa ,uh[NfhGuk; mike;Js;sJ.

Kjyhk; guhf;fpukghF fhyj;Jf;F fy;ntl;L xd;W ,d;Wk; Myaj;jpw;F njw;F thrypNy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ> mjpy; guhf;fpukghF Ml;rpf;fhy rhrdtpguq;fs; fpue;j vOj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpdw ; d. ,itAk; guhjd Myaj;Jld; njhlu;GgLfpd;wd. %y];jhdj;jpy; kzp gPlk;

Guhjdkhd Myak;

mk;ghspd; %y];jhdj;jpy; gpujp\;il nra;ag;gl;l mk;ghspd; cUtKk;> Rak;GthfTs;s Ie;J jiyAs;s ehfKk; Nrh; e ; J mkh; e ; J s; s mk; g hspd; cggP l khf kzpgPlk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

ehfG+\zp mk;ghspd; Muk;gfhy Myak; vt;thW fl;lg;gl;lJ> vt;thW ngUk; Myakhf tsh;r;rp ngw;W Gfo; n gw; w JvDk; tpdhf; f Sf; F MjhuG+h; t khd tpilfs; juf;$ba mstpw;F Myaj;Jld; njhlh;Ggl;l rupj;jpu E}y;fNsh Fwpg;Gf;fNsh fpilf;fg;ngwtpy;iy> vdpDk; ,t; t hyak; ,uz; l hapuj; J Nky; Rkhh; Ie;jhapuk; Mz;Lfs; tiu kpf goiktha;ej ; Myakhf mwpag;gLfpd;wJ. mwpQh; ngUkf;fspd; fUj;Jk;> ek;gpf;ifAk;

nja; t P f k; epiwe; j xNu fy; y pdhy; (fUq; f y; my; y ) mikf; f g; g l; l kzpgP l j; j py; gy rpwg; G rpw; g tbtq; f Sk; [y[e; J f; f Sk; > gQ; r hrd mikg; G k; fhzg;gLfpdw ; d. ,e;j kzpglP mikg;ghdJ Myaj;jpd; Gujhdfhy tuyhw;iw vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpdw ; milahskhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,t;thya %y];jhdj;jpy; mike;Js;s xUrhjp goik nghUe;jpa Gdpjkhd nja;tfP k; epiwe;j fy;ypyhd

,k; k zpgP l j; j pNyNa Rak; G thd Ie; J jiy nfhz; l ehfghk; G k; > mk; g pif mikg; G f; nfhz; l

ïªJ xË

9

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

tpf; f pufKk; fhzg; g Lfpd; w J. kzpglP j;jpy; mk;gpif tpff; pufKk; m\;;l ge;jdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ve;jf; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J mk;gpifia kzpgPlj;jpy; ,Uj;jp topglg;gl;L tUfpdw ; hs; vd;gij eapdhjPT mwpaKbahJs; s J. kpfTk; = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; Guhjdkhf fhyj;jpypUe;J ehfKk;. mk;gpifAk; %ytpf;fpufq;fshf tP w ; w pUf; f ehfG+\zp vd; w rpwg;Gg; ngaUld; ,w;iwtiuf;Fk; mk;gpif rpwg;Gld; topglg;gl;L tUfpd;whs;.

midtUk; eLeLq;fpdh;> fly; nghq;fpaJ> Nfhs;fs; epiyjLkhwpr; Rod;wd> G+kp eLq;fpaJ> ,jidg; ghh;jj; fhj;jw; flTshfpa tp\;Z gfthd; jdJ rf;uhAjj;ij Vtpg; guhrf;jpapd; cliyj; Jz;Lfshf;fpj; njwpj;J tpor;nra;jhh;. ghuj ehl;bYk; <oj;jpYk; (kzpj; jPtpYk;) gy; N tW gFjpfspy; clw; ghfq; f Sk; guhrf; j papd; mzpfyz; f Sk; tP o ; e ; j d. mitNa ,d; W rf; j p gPlq;fshfj; jpfOfpd;wd. rf;jp gPlq;fs; Ik;gj;njhd;W vd;Wk;> mWgj;J ehd;F vd;Wk;>E}w;nwl;L vd;Wk; $Wth;. “gPleph;kah” vDk; E}y; Ik;gj;njhU rf;jpgPlq;fspd; ngah;fisr; rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. rptngUkhd; Njtpapd; rpw;fyh&gj;ij jhq;fp epw;ifapy;> cyf [Ptdj;jpd; nghUl;L mjid Ntz;b jpUkhNy rf;jp gPlq;fshf ];jhgpj;jhh; vd;fpwJ “mgpjhdrpe;jhkzp” vDk; E}y;. guhrf;jpapd; cliyj; Jz; L fshfj; njwpj; J tP o ; j ; J k; NghJ mk; g pif guhrf;jpapd; fhw;rjq;if tpOe;j ,lNk kzpj;jPgj;jpy; (eapdhjPtpy;) tpsq;Fk; GtNd];tup gPlkhFk;> ,J ehw;gj;njl;lhtJ rf;jp gPlkhFk;. guhrf;jpapd; ehkk; ,e;jpuhzpahFk;> fhtw;nja;tkhd igutupd; %h;j;jk; uf;N\];tuh; MFk;> ,f; Fwpg;ig tq;fhs Njrj;J = gthdpgPl MjPdk; ntspapl;l Fwpg;nghd;wpy; ,Ue;J mwpaKbfpd;wJ.

kzpgy;ytk; - kzp Mrdk; -kzpgPlk; Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fspy; xd;whfpa kzpNkfiy vDk; E}ypy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; kzpgy;ytNk eapdhjPT vdr;rpy ,yf;fpa Ma;thsh;fs; $WtijAk; kWg;gjw;F ,lkpy; i y. kzpgy; y tj; j pNy fhzg; g l; l Jk; > Njth;Nfhdhfpa ,e;jpudhy; ,lg;gl;lJkhfpa kzp MrdgPlj;ij jkjhf;fpf;nfhs;s ehfehl;lurh;fs; ,Uth; jkf;Fs; fLk; Nghupl;ldh;. ,Wjpapy; ,UtUk; Nghiu epWj;jp> rkhjhdg;gl;likapdhy; ,e;jpudhy; ,lg;gl;l kzp Mrdj;jpy; mk;gpif mkh;eJ ; mUshl;rp nra;JtUfpdw ; hs;. ,NjNghd;wnjhU fij Gj;j gpf;F kfhehfupd; ghsp E} yhfpa k`htk;rj;jpYk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. k`htk;rk; ,r; rk;gtk; ele;j ,lj;ij ehfjPgk; vdf; $Wfpd;wJ. Mdhy; kzpgy;ytk; vdg;gl;lNjh> my;yJ ehfjPgk; vdg;gl;lNjh ,d;iwa eapdhjPTjhd; vd;gJ ,w;iw tiuf;Fk; njspTgl epWtg;glhJ Ma;thsh;fs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

guhrf;jp mk;gpifapd; fhw;rjq;if tPo;e;j ,lkhfj; jpfOk; kzpj; j P t py; (kzpgy; y tj; jP T > eapdhjP T vd tuyhw;W E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd.) Njth;Nfhdhfpa ,e;jpud; ,l;l kzpahrd = GtNd];tup gPlj;jpy; Rak;Gypq;fkhfTs;s Ie;Jjiy nfhz;l ehfghk;Gk;> Guhjdkhd fhyj;jpy; gpujp\;il nra;ag;gl;l mk;gpif tbtkhd tpf;fpufKk; mikag;ngw;W = GtNd];tup gP l j; j py; Rak; G thff; fhzg; g Lk; ehfj; j pid Mguzkhff; n fhz; l %h; j ; j khf ehfG+\zp vd rpwg;Gg; ngaUld; tPw;wpUf;Fk; rpwg;gpid eapidj;jPtpy; fhzyhk;. mk;gpifapd; cw;rtehafpapd; Njhw;wk; kNdhd;kzp %h;j;jkhFk;. mk;ghs; myq;fupf;fg;gLk; NghJ ehfhguzj;jpw;F Kf;fpak; nfhLf;fg;gl;L ehfG+\ zpahf vOe;jUs;fpd;whs;.

vdpDk; ek;gpfi ; f mbg;gilapy; rkag; nghUj;jg;ghl;L fz;Nzhl;lj;jpYk;> tuyhw;W Nehf;fpYk;; Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ> Njth;Nfhdhfpa ,e;jpuDf;Fk; ,e;Jf;fSf;FNk mtw; w py; vd; W k; khWglhj ek; g pf; i f cupj; J z; L vd;gJk; re;Njfkpd;wp Gyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt kzpgy;ytj; jPthd eapdhjPtpy; ,e;jpudhy; ,lg;gl;l kzpahrd gPlj;jpy; ehfG+\zp mk;gpif GtNd];;tup gP l j; j py; tP w ; w pUe; J mUs; g hypf; f pd; w hs; vd; g Nj rpwg;Gf;Fupa tplakhFk;.

gpuk;k tpj;ijAk; = tpj;ijAk; xd;Nw vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; %ytpf;fpuk mikg;G. eapid mk;ghspd; %ytpff; puf mikg;ig Nehf;Fk; NghJ kzpgy;ytj;jPtpy; Njtu; Nfhdhfpa ,e;jpudhy; ,lk; ngw;w kzpahrdkhd = GtNd];tup gPlj;jpy; mk; g pif ehfG++\zp mku; e ; J s; s hs; . Rak; G thf mikag;gl;l Ie;J jiyAs;s ehfghk;Gk;> mzpfydhf mikag; n gw; W ehfghk; g pd; fP o ; mk; g pif cUtk; mku; e ; J s; s ijg; Nghd; w tpf; f puf mikg; G Nk %ytpf;fpufq;fshfTs;sd.

= GtNd];tup gPlk; rptngUkhid kjpf;fhky; jf;fd; nra;j ahfj;jpw;Fr; nrd; w guhrf; j pahfpa jhl; \ hazp mq; F jhDk; jdJ ehafdhfpa rptDk; mtkjpf;fg;gl;lijawpe;J kdk; nghWf; f hky; ahfFz; l yj; j pNyNa tpOe; J caph;Jwe;jhs;. ,jidf; Nfs;tpAw;w rptngUkhd; mlq;fhr; rpdj;Jld; mq;Fte;J Nfhgf; fdyhf khwpj; jdJ Njtpapd; cliy vLj;J rpurpd; NkNy itj;J Rod; W > Rod; W MNtrkhf Mbdhh; . cyfNk mQ;rpaJ> mopT neUq;fptpl;lNjh vd;W> gpuk;kh Kjy; ïªJ xË

ehfKk; mk;gpifAk; Nru;e;J rptDk;> rf;jpAkhf ,ize; J rptrf; j p topghlhf %ytpf; f pufk; 10

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

fhlrpaspf;fpd;wJ. ,jidNa Mjp rq;fuUk; jdJ “nrse;ju;ayfup” vd;w ];Njhj;jpu E}ypNy “rpt: rf;jpah Af;jf: (rptd; rf;jpAld; $l ,Ug;gtd;> rf;jpia gpupf;f KbahJ) vd;W Fwpg;gpLtij njspthff; fhzyhk;. rptidAk; > rf; j piaAk; xd; i wnahd; W gpupf; f KbahjthW rptdpdw ; p rf;jpapyi ; y rf;jpapdw ; p rptdpyi ; y vd; w cau; e ; j jj; J tg; nghUis czu; j ; J fpd; w jj;Jthu;j;j rpe;jidf; nfhz;l ,lkhfTk;> Ntjhe;j rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; ,lkhfTk;> rpt topghl;ilAk;> rf;jp topghl; i lAk; > vLj; J tpsf; f p epw; F kplkhfTk; eapid ehfG+\zp mk;ghspd; %ytpf;fpuf mikg;G fhzg;gLfpwJ. rpttbtkhff; fhzg;gL;k; ehfj;ijAk; mk; g pifAk; Nru; e ; J rpt rf; j p topghl; b d; cau; e ; j ];jhdkhfTk; kNfhd;djkhd Njt];jhdkhfTk; ehfG+\zp mk; g hs; tpsq; F fpd; w hs; . kJiuapy; kPdhl;rpahfTk;> fhQ;rpapNy fhkhl;rpahfTk;> fhrpapNy tp\hyhl;rpahfTk; rf;jp rpwg;Gg; ngWtijg;Nghd;W (rptDld; rf; j p Nru; e ; j pUf; F k; epiy) eapdhjP t py; rptj;Jthf tpsq;Fk; ehfj;Jld; Nru;e;J GtNd];tup gPlj;ij ehfG+\zp mk;ghs; myq;fupf;fpd;whs;.

Xk; - vd;w gpuk;ktpj;ah ke;jpuk; `;uPk; - vd;w =tpj;ah ke;jpuk; gpuk;k tpj;ijAk>; = tpj;ijAk; eapdhjPT xd;Nw vd;gij fUj;jpw;nfhz;L = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; jhd; topghl; L kuGfs; rhf; j newpapNy fhzg;gLfpdw ; d. gpuk;k tpj; i jahd Ntjhe; j k; $Wk; cz; i kfis mDgtj; j pw; F nfhz;L tu topfhl;LtJ = tpj;ijahFk;. ke;jpuKk; je;jpuKk; = tpj;ijapNy mlq;Fk;. guk;nghUs; xd;Wjhd; vd;gij “Xk;”; vd;w gpuk;ktpja ; h ke;jpuj;jhYk; “`;uPk;”; vd;w =tpj;ah ke;jpuj;jhYk; $wg; g Lfpd; w J. gpuk; k Kk>; gpuk; k rf; j pAk; (,q; F ehfKk; mk;gpifAk;) gpupf;f Kbahjjhy; Xk;fhuKk; cgahj; k fkhFk; . `; u P q ; f huKk; cgahj; k fkhFk; MFk;. “`;uPk;” vd;gJ khahgP[khd = GtNd];tup gP[khFk;. tpijapypUe;J Kis> fpis> mUk;G> kyu;> fha;> fdp Kjypad Njhd;WtJ Nghy;> = GtNd];tup gP [ j; j pypUe; J jhd; rf; j papd; gy; N tW tbtq; f shd k`h fhsp> k`hy\;kp> k`h ru];tjp> yypjh>jpupGuh> gl;lhupfh> uh[uhN[];tup> GtNd\;tup Nghd;w vz;zw;w rf;jp Ngjq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngWfpdw ; du;. ,t;thW Njhw;wk; ngw;W tUk; Njtijfspd; rk\;b ke;jpu tbtq;fspy; Kf;fpakhdit ,uz;L tplaq;fshFk;. xd;W ethf;\ up ke;jpukhFk;. kw;waJ ]g;jrjpkhyh ke;jpuKkhFk;. ethf;\upke;jpuk; gpuk;k tpji ; jAk>; ]g;jrjpkhyh ke;jpuk; =tpj;ijAk; rpwg;ghf vLj;J fhl;Lfpd;w mk;rq;fshFk;. ethf; \ up ke; j puk; jP f ; i \ ngw; w tu; f s; ethu; z t [gj; j pw; F mq; f khf ]g; j rjP ghuhazj; i jAk; > ] g;jrjp ke;jpuj;ij Kf;fpakhf nfhz;ltu;fs; mjw;F mq; f khfTs; s ethf; \ up [gj; i jAk; mD\; b j; J tUtij rhf;j newpapNy rpwg;ghf fhzyhk;.

kpfTk; Guhjdkhd fhyj;jpypUe;J fyg;gw;w J} a;ikahd Gdpj;JtKs;s ehf topghl;bd; Muk;gfhy ,lkhfTk; eapid tpsq;Ffpdw ; J vd;W Ma;thsh;fSk;> tuyhw;whrpupau;fSk; $Wtij fhzyhk;. “rpw;gtbtpNy nrJf;fpNa nrg;GUtha; thu;j;njLj;Njh> gpujp\;il nra;ag;glhJ> jhkhfNt Njhd;wp topghl;bw;Fupa ,lkhfTs;s nja;t cUtq;fs; Rak;G %u;j;jk; vd toq;fg;gLk;. eapid ehfG+\zp Myaj;jpd; fUtiwapNy Ie;J jiy ehfKk; mk;ghSk; ,ize;j tpf;fpufkhfTs;sJ. mk;ghspd; tpf;fpufKk; Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; goik tha;ej; J.mjd; Kd;Ng Rak;G ehfg; gpujp\;il Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;” vd fhiuf;Fb vk;. nry; y f; f z; Z ]; g jpahu; 11.03.1951 ,y; ntspahd tPuNfrupapy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. rpw;g rh];jpu Muhr;rpahsu; vk;.eurpk;kd; mtu;fs; $wpAs;s gpd;tUk; fUj;J (28.08.1983 Fk;ghgpN\f kyu;) eapidapy; ehf topghL vj;Jizg; goikahdJ vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;s cjTk;.

,t;thW rpwg;Gf;fSld; fhzg;gLk; rhf;j newp topghLfspNy rpwe;J tpsqFk; gpuk;k tpj;ijAk;> = tpj;ijAk; xUq;Nf Nru;e;J fhZkplkhf eapid mk;ghspd; %y tpff; puf mikg;G mike;Js;s rpwg;ghdJ rf;jp topghl;bd; cau; epiyahFk;

“eapdhjPtpd; %y];jhdj;jpy; mk;kd; cUtk; Nghy; ,Ug;gJk; gioa ehf gpujp\;ilNa. ,J kpfTk; Nja;e;j mk;kd; cUtk; Nghyj;njupfpwJ. ,jw;F gpd; gf; f khf Ie; J jiy ehf gpujp\; i l xd; W cz; L . ,e;jpahtpYk; ehf topghl;bw;Nf gpuj;jpNafkhfTs;s ,t;tsT Guhjdkhd Nfhapiyf; fhz;gjupJ. fyg;gw;w J}a;ikahd ehftopghl;bd; gz;gpid eapdhj;jPtpy; fhzyhk;. ,e;j Rak;Gthd ehfr;rpiy gjpdhd;fhapuk; tUlq;fs; goikAilaJ. ,e;jpah> ,yq;if Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; NtW vq;Fk; ghu;f;f Kbahj gpuj;jpal;r cUtkhf ru;g;g topghl;bd; njhd;ikf; fUT+ykhf ,J ,Uf;fpd;wJ.”vd Muhr;rpahsu; vk;.eurpk;kd; kpfj; njspthf $wpAs;shu;. ïªJ xË

kw;iwa Myaq;fs; Vida Myaq;fspNy %ytpf;fpufq;fs; jdpikahfj;jhd; tpsq;Fk;. rpthyakhf ,Ue;jhYk; rptDf; F jdpahd re; e pjhdkhfTk; > rptDf; F upa mk; g piff; F jdpahd re; e pjhdkhFk; rpthya mikg;G tpsq;Fk;. Vida nja;tq;fshapd; Fwpg;gpl;l %u;j;jk; kl;LNk gpujhd %y%u;j;jpahff; fhzg;gLk;. %ytpff; fpuf mikg;gpwF ; Vw;wthNw fu;gg; f;fpufk;>mu;jj; kz;lgk;> k`h kz;lgk;> tpkhdk;> uh[NfhGuk;> gupthu %u;j;jq;fs; vd;gd mikag;ngWk;.

11

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

ehfKk; ,Ue;j fw;fNs ghk;G Rw;wpa fy;Yk; fUld; ,Ue;j fy;YkhFk;. ,d;W tiuAk; mf;fw;fs;; fly; eLtpNy ,Ue;J goikahd fijapid Gyg;gLj;jp tzpfdhy; jdJ jputpaj;ijf;nfhz;L ehNf];tupf;F Myak; mikj;j tuyhw;iwAk; epidTgLj;Jfpd;wd.

Mdhy; eapid mk;ghspd; %y tpf;fpuf mikg;G tpj;jpahrkhdJ. Rak;G tbtkhd Ie; J jiyAs; s ehfk; (rpt jj;Jtk; - rpt - tbtk;) mk;gpif (GtNd]; t up gP l j; j py; ) rk\; b eapdhjPT &gkhd (mk;ikAk; mg;gDkhf) = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; Nru;eJ ; tpsq;FtJ ftdpff; g;ghyJ. vdNt gpuk;k tpj;ijf;Fupa rptDk; (,q; F ehfk; ) = tpj; i jf; F upa rf;jpAk; (,q;F ehfG+\zp) Nru;e;J gpuk;k tpj;jiaAk; = tpj;ijiaAk; xd;Nw vd;gij vLj; J f; f hl; L k; %ytpf; f puf mikg; i gg; ngw; W rpwg;Gld; tpsq;Fk; Njtp N\j;jpukhf mk;ghs; Myak; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

tpN\l fUl - ]u;g;g G+i[ Muhjidfs; ,d;Wk; kNfhw;rt fhyj;jpy; gjpNdhuhk; ehs; gfy; cw;rtj;jpd; NghJ tpN\l mgpN\fk;> G+i[ Muhjidfs; mt;tp Ufw;fSf;Fk; eilngw;W tUfp d;wd. mt;Ntisapy; fUlg;gwit thdj;jpNy tl;lkpl;L tUtij Neupy; fhzyhk;. md;iwa gfy; cw;rtj;jpy; mk;gpif tPjp cyh tUk; NghJ %y];jhdj;jpy; cs;s rpwpa Ie;J jiy nfhz;l nrg;gpdhy; nra;ag;gl;l ehfKk; mk;ghSld; Nru;e;J tPjpAyh tUk;. ,e;epfo;Tfis tpN\l fUl - ]u; g ; g G+i[ vdTk; > thAgl; r zp ehfk; tP j pAyh vdTk; rpwg; g pj; J gfy; cw; r tk; eilngWk;. ,e;ehfk; mk;gpifAld; ntspte;jTld; fhw;Wk;> flyiyAk; mikjp nfhs;Sk;. ,jd; gpd;du; mk;gpifapd; Myaj;jpw;F tUk; mbahu;fspd; $l;lk; mjpfupjJ ; flw;gazk; nrsfupakhf miktij ,d;Wk; fhzyhk;.

Mya mikg;G nghJthf ,e;J Mya mikg;Gf;fs; ehruk;>Ntruk;> jpuhtplk; vd; w %tifg; ghzpfshfg; ngw; w it. mk;gpifapd; Mya NfhGuq;fs;> tpkhdq;fs;> kz;lg mikg;Gf;fs; ahTk; jpuhtplg; ghzpapNy mike;J vopYk; > Vw; w Kk; > nja; t P f Kk; xUq; F Nrug; n gw; W tpsq;FfpwJ. td;dp kuNk Myaj;jpd; jy tpUl;\ khFk;. Cupd; Nkw;F gf;fkhfTs;s jPu;j;jf;NfzpNa ,jd; Gdpj jPu;j;jkhFk;. ,g;Gdpj jPu;j;j;jpw;F “rpj;jhkpu;j G\;fuzp” vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaUd;L.

kfh Fk;ghgpN\f epfo;Tfs; eapid mk;ghspd; kfh Fk;ghgpN\f epfo;Tfs; ntF rpwg;ghf eilngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. fpilf;fg;ngw;w jfty;fspd;gb 1951 Mk; Mz;L kfh Fk;ghgpN\fKk; 1963 Mk; Mz;L kfh Fk;ghgpN\fKk; eilngw;W njhlu;e ;J 1983 Mk; Mz;L k; 1998 Mk; Mz;L k; kfh Fk;ghgpN\f epfo;Tfs; ,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd.

1957 Mk; Mz;Lk; kpfTk; rpwg;Gg; nghUe;jpa mofpa Ntiyg;ghLfs; epiwe;j rpj;jpuj;Nju; nts;Nshl;lk; fz; b Uf; f pd; w J. mk; g pif Myaj; j py; gupthu ehafpahf 1986 Mk; Mz;L = GtNd];tup mk;ghSk; mWgj;Jehd;F ehad;khu;fspd; cUtq;fSk; gpujp\i ; l nra;ag;gl;L Fk;ghgpN\fk; ele;Js;sJ.

cw;rt ehafp %ytpf;fpufkhf ehfG+\zp tpsq;fpapUe;jhYk; eapid mk; g hspd; cw; r t %u; j ; j k; kNdhd; k zp mk; g hshFk; . ehd; F jpUf; f uq; f Sld; tpsq; F k; kNdhd;kzp %u;j;jj;jpNy ,lJ Nkw;ifapy; jhkiu G+Tk;> tyJ Nkw;ifapy; [ghf;\ij khiyAk>; kw;iwa ,U fuq; f s; mgatujkhfTk; fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. cw; r t ehafp mk; g hs; jq; f Mguzq; f spdhy; myq;fupff; g;gLk; NghJ ehfhguzj;jpdhYk; ehfgl G+\ zq;fspdhYk; ed;F myq;fupf;fg;gl;L ehfG+\zpahf vOe;jUSfpd;whs;.

epj;jpa G+i[ MuhjidfSk; iekpj;jpa cw;rtq;fSk;

ghk;G Rw;wpa fy;Yk; fUld; ,Ue;j fy;Yk;

fpukk; jtwhJ ehs;NjhWk; ehd;F fhy epj;jpa G+i[fs; eilngWfpd;wd. khj rq;fpuhe;jp mgpN\ fk; > khj G+uiz jpdk>; = rf; u G+i[> rfy khj cw; r tq; f Sk; > tpN\l cw; r tq; f Sk; rpwg; g hf eilngWfpd;wd. tUl gpwg;G cw;rtk;> fhu;j;jpif jPgj; jpUtpoh> nghq;fy; cw;rtk;> gj;J ehl;fs; ,yl;rid Mbg;G+u cw;rtk;> rpwg;ghf etuhj;jpup cw;rtk;> fe;jr\;b> gps;isahu; fij> jpUntk;gh> ijg;G+r cw;rtk;> kQ;r Cu;tyk;> rptuhj;jpup> khrpkfk>; gq;Fdp cj;juk;>Mdp cj;juk;> Mtzp %yk;>Ig;grp nts;sp>ij mkhthir> mgpuhkp gl; l u; cw; r tk; vd; g d kpfTk; rpwg; g hf eilngWfpd;wd. Mdpkhj G+uizia ,Wjpehshff; nfhz; L gjpide; J ehl; f s; tUlhe; j kNfhw; r tk;

Myaj;jpd; kpfg; Guhjdkhd epfo;Tf; fijapid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; milahskhf mk;gpifapd; Myaj;jpd; tlf; F g; g f; f khfTs; s eLf; f lypy; (Gspae; j P i t Nehf;fpr; n;ry;yk; fly; top) ,Ufw;fs; ,d;W tiuAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit “ghk;G Rw;wpa fy;” vd;Wk; “fUld; ,Ue;j fy;” vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Gspae;jPtpypUe;J mk;gpiff;F xt;nthU ehSk; ehfnkhd;W G+f;nfhz;L tUtJ tof;fk;. xU Kiw G+f;nfhz;L tUk; topapy; fUldhy; top kwpf;fg;gl;L me; e hfk; fUldhy; nfhy; y Kw; g l; l J. mg; N ghJ mt;topapy; te;j tzpfd; ,jidf; fz;L fUldplk; Ntz;b ehfj;ij tpLtpjj ; hd;. mg;NghJ me;j fUlDk;> ïªJ xË

12

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

epiwTiu

eilngWfpd; w J. gjpdhwhk; ehs; njg; N ghw; r tk; (G+q;fhtdk;) eilngWfpd;wJ.

Guhjd fhykhf gy mw;Gjq;fisAk;> IjPfq;fisAk; nfhz;likag;ngw;W mWgj;Jehd;F rf;jp gPlq;fspy; GtNd]; t up gP l j; j py; ehfG+\ eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; zpahf tPw;wpUe;J mUs;ghypj;J kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; tUk; eapid ehfk; i kapd; GfioAk;> rpwg;igAk;> mUisAk; $w KbahJ. rpwe; j epu; t hf fl;likg;igAk;> ju;kfu;jj; h rigiaAk; nfhz;like;j ,t;thyak; rpwe;j rf;jp cghridf;Fupa ,lkhfTk;> rf;jp N\j;jpuq;fspy; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ.

ifyha fhl;rpapd; rpwg;G kNfhw;rt fhyj;jpy; mk;gpif ifiyf;fhl;rpAld; tUk; moF jdpj;JtkhdJ. rptid mizj;jgbAk;> rptG+i[ nra;Ak; fhl;rpahfTk;> mDf;fpuf %u;jj; khfTk; ehfk;ik rptDld; tUk; NghJ ep[khd ifiyf; fhl;rpahfNt mike;jpUf;Fk;. Vohk; jpUtpoh ,uT ifiyf; f hl; r pAk; > gj; j hk; jpUtpoh gfy; rptG+i[ ifiyf; fhl;rpAk; gjp%d;whk; jpUtpoh gfy; ifiyf; fhl;rpAk; ,lk;ngWk;. GJtUl gpwg;gd;Wk; mk;gpif ifyhrthfdj;jpy; vOe;jUs;ths;. ehf rhe;jpAk; ehf gpujp\;ilAk; nra;Ak; rpwg;Gk; kfpikAk;

Jiz E}y;fs; 1. eapdhjP T = ehfG+\zp mk; g hs; Nfhapy; jpUFlKOf;Fg; ngUtpoh kyu; ghfk; 2 (28.08.1983)

,e;J topghl;L kugpy; fhzg;gLk; ehf topghl;bd; Gdpjkhd ,lkhf tpsq; F k; eapid ehfG+\zp mk;ghSf;F ehf rhe;jpAk;> ehf gpujp\;ilAk; nra;Ak; rpwg; G k; kfpikAk; ek; g pf; i fAld; Fwpg; g pljf; f tplakhFk;. mk;gpifia ek;gp Foe;ij ,y;iy vd;W tUk; mbatu;fSf;F ehfrhe;jpAk;> ehf gpujp\;ilAk; nra;tjhy; Foe;ijg;ghf;fpak; nfhLf;Fk; fUizAs;sk; epiwe;j jhahf md;id ehfG+\zp tpsq;Ffpwhs;.

2. kfhrf;jp kfj;Jt kyu; - eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mk;ghs; Nfhapy; kfh Fk;ghgpN\f rpwg;G ntspaPL> (1998).

3. kA+ukq; f sk; - nfhOk; G = gj; u fhsp mk; g hs; Fk;ghgpN\f kyu; (2000)

cyfpy; ,e;jpah> ,yq;if cl;gl ve;j ,lj;jpYk; fhzg;glhj xU rpwe;j topghlhf ehf rhe;jp fu;khf;fs; ,q;F eilngWfpdw ; d. Kjy; ehs; ,uNt ehf ghk;Gfis muprp khtpdhy; nra; J ,uT KOtJk; mk; g hsplk; gpuhh;j;jidf;fhf itf;fg;gLk;. kWehs; fhiy G+i[ Kbj; j Jk; rhe; j p nra; f pd; w tu; f isAk; mioj; J mjw;nfd <rhd %iyg;gFjpapy; mikf;fg;gl;l rhe;jp kz;lgj;jpy; ehfrhe;jpf;Fupa fpupia>G+i[> Mthfdk;> N`hkk; . mgpN\fk; > nghw; R z; z g; g hl; L vd; g d eilngw; W ehfq; f is jfdk; gz; z p> mtw; i w flypy; Nru;j;J ];ehdk; nra;J> gpd;G Myaj;jpw;F te;J ehfgpujp\;il nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ehfgpujp\;il nra;Ak; NghJk; ehff;fy;Y tpf;fpufj;jpw;F jputpa mgpN\fk; nra; J > mjid mk; g pifaplk; ; xg; g ilj; J fyr [yj; j pdhy; mgpN\fk; nra; a g; g l; L ehfg; g pujp\; i l G+uzg; g Lj; j g; g LfpwJ. ehfk; i kapd; mUspdhy; ek; g pf; i fAld; mk; g pifia ruzile; j tu; f s; iftplg; g l tpy; i y. midtUf; F k; Foe; i jg; ghf;fpaj;ijAk;> ehfNjh\j;ijAk; ePf;fp mUspAs;shs; ehfk;ik.

4. ,uz;lhtJ cyf ,e;J kfhehl;L rpwg;G kyu; (2003).

5. ,e;J xsp - mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w nghd;tpoh kyu; - ,yq;if> (2007).

6. Fy. rghehjd; - eapdhjPT ehfG+\zp mk;ghs; Nfhapy; Nju; jpUg;gzpr;rig kyu; - (1957).

7. Iahj;Jiu - eapdhjPT Nrhjplu; ehfjPg k`j;Jtk; - eapdhjPT ehfG+\zp tuyhW 8. rz; K fehjgps; i s f. eh. Guhjdp eapdhjP T ehfG+\zp 9. mz; z h - =Njtp kh`hj; k pak; > kapyhg; G +u; > nrd;id - (1973).

10. =epth]hr;rhupahu; - fPohj;J}u; = nrse;ju;ayfup> jp ypl;by; g;stu; fk;gdp nrd;id (1985). fl;Liuf;Fupa Nkyjpf jfty;fisj; je;Njhu;;:

ehfNjh\Ks;stu;fSk;> jpUkzkhfhj ngz;fSk; ehfgpujp\;il kl;Lk; nra;Ak; tof;fKk; cz; L . ehf rhe; j pAk; > ehf gpujp\; i lAk; nra; J mUisg;ngWk; xNunahU ,lkhf ehfk;khspd; N\j;jpuk; tpsq;fptUtJ rpwg;Gf;FwpaJk;> Fwpg;gplj;jFe;jJk; MFk;. mu;r;ridnra;Ak; NghJ nts;spf;fhzpf;if nghUl;fisAk;> Neu;j;jpg; nghUl;fisAk; xg;gilj;J mbatu;fs; jkJ Ntz;Ljiy epiwNtw;Wthu;fs;.

ïªJ xË

 rpt= r. kN`]; t uf; F Uf; f s; -MjP d f; F U = ehfG+\zp mk;ghs; Nfhapy>; eapdhjPT  M.jpahfuhrh - jiytu; mwq; f htyu; rig = ehfG+\zp mk;ghs; Nfhapy;> - eapdhjPT

13

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

eapidg; Gyth; ehtpy; ehfg+\zp mk;kd; eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

irtg;Gyth; rpj;jhe;jg;gz;bjh; eh. tpRtypq;fk;

ehk; ngw; w mwpTk; QhdKk; flTis topgl; L Kj; j p ,d; g k; ngWk; nghUl; N lahk; vd; g J ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; ey;thf;F. ,iwtid topgLk; Kiwfspy; kpfr;rpwe;jJ ,iwtdpd; Gfiog; ghbg; guTjNyahFk;. rkaFutu;fSk; rhd;Nwhu;fSk; ,iwtidg; ghbg;gutpNa Kj;jpaile;jjhf tuyhW $Wfpd;wJ. “cd; ehkk; vd; ehtpy; kwe;jwpNad;” vd;W ghbdhu; mg;gu;. “tho;jj; thAk; epidf;f kl neQ;rk;” vd;gJk; Qhdpfspd; $w;W. “ew;wth cd;id ehd; kwf;fpDk; nrhy;Yk; eh> ekr;rpthaNt” vd;gJ Re;juu; $w;W. “ehuhazh vd;dhj eh vd;d ehNt” vd;gJ Mo;thu; jpUthf;F. ,iwtNd> “vdf;F mUr;ridghl;NlahFk;. vdNt ek;Nky; nrhw;wkpo;ghL” vdf; $wpajhfg; Guhzq; $Wfpd;wJ. ghLk; gzpNa gzpaha; mUs;tha; vd;gJ mUzfphp thf;F. ,q;qdk; ,iwtd; Gfo;ghb mtd; mUs; ngWtNj ,yFthd topnad ek;Kd;Ndhu; fz;lwpej; du;. ,d;Wk; g[id kd;wq;fs; ghbg;gutp topgLk; Kiwia gpd;gw;wp tUfpdw ; du;. gz;ila Myaq;fspy; Nfhtpy; mu;rr; fUld; XJthh; %h; j ; j pfSk; epakpf; f g; g l; L jkpNohbirghb ,iwtd; Gfo;gug;gpaij ehk; mwpNthk;. ,e;j tifapy; eapdhjPT = ehfg+\zp mk;kd; Nghpy; md;gh;fs; - mbahh;fs; gyh; gy;NtW fhyq;fspy; ehtpdhy; ghbg; g utpAs; s du; . mt; t hW ghbg; g utpa md; g u; f spy; eapdhjP i tg; gpwg; g plkhff; nfhz; L mkuj;Jtkile;Jtpl;l Gyth;fspd; ehtpy; ehfg+\zp mk;kd; vt;thW ,lk; ngw;whs; vd;gij kl;Lk; RUf;fkhf tpsf;FtNj ,f;fl;Liu vd;gijg; gzpTld; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. eapdhjPT kf;fs; thf;F ty;yikAk; gz;nzhd;w ,irghLk; ty;yikAk; cilatu;fs; vd;gJ nghJthd fUj;J. ,f;fUj;J mk;gpif nfhLj;j mUl;gpurhjNkad;wp NtW ahJk; ,y;iy. ehd; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lk; Gytu;;fs; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpak; fw;Nwh> md;Nwy; gl;lk; ngw;Nwh my;yJ fhhpiffw;Wf; ftpghbatu;fs; my;yu;. RakhfNt mk;gpif mUshNy ghliyg; ghbatu;fs;. ,tu;fis rhjhuzkhf tuftpg; Gyth;fs; vd;W $WtJz;L. ,t;thW Gyik ngw;wtu;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jFe;jtu; eapid tuftp ehfkzpg;Gyth; Mtu;. <oj;Jg;Gytu; rhpjj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;w ,g;Gytu; eapid ePNuhl;lakf ïªJ xË

me; j hjp> eapid khd; k pak; > topeilr; r pe; J vd; w E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;su;. ,jpy; eapid khd;kpak; kl;Lk; mr;Nrwtpyi ; y. $ba tpiutpy; m/J mr;Rthfdk; VWk; vd vz;Zfpd;Nwd;. mtu;ghba ePNuhl;l akf me;jhjp fw;wtu;fSf; nfy;yhk; ngUtpUe;jhf mike;Js;sJ. mth; ghba jdpg;ghly; xd;iw kl;Lk; jUfpd;Nwd;. “ngw;wjhyd;id ngWKapuidj;Jk; Ngzyhy; md;id ngw;wpLNthu; cw;wjhyd;id tpUk;gpa midj;Jk; cjtyhy; md;id vf;fiyAk; nrhw;wjhyd;id cynfhLthDk; njhOjyhy; md;idnad;nwd;Wk; gw;w jhq;fUiz nghopjyhyd;id guhgiu ehfG+\zpahs;” mLj;J ekJ rpe;ijf;Fk; tzf;fj;Jf;Fk; chpatu; <oj;Jr; rpj;ju; thpirapy; itj;J vz;zg;gLk; =y= Kj;Jf;Fkhu Rthkpahu; mth;fs;. ek;kpilNa tho;e;J 1948 Mk; Mz; l stpy; rkhjp mile; j tu; . mthpd; rkhjpf; Nfhapy; eapdhjPT fhl;Lf; fe;jrhkp Nfhapypd; Gwj;Nj mike;Js;sJ. mtu; ehfg+\zp mk;kd; Nghpy; gy ghly;fs; ,aw;wpAs;su;. mthpaw;wpa ghlypy; xd;W gpd;tUkhW. “fw;wtu;f;fpdpaha; eapidak;gjptho;fhuzp ehuzd; jq;fha; kw;wtuwpah kufj tiuapd; thkNk tsu; gRq;nfhbNa ew;wtNuhL Nrnaid ,Uj;jp ehjehjhe;jKq;fhl;b Kw;Wkha; epiwe;j g+uzhde;j Kj;jpjh ehfg+\zpNa”. mLj; J <oj; J ,y; y wQhdp vdg; Nghw; w g; g Lk; eapdhjP t py; gpwe; J cyfg; G fo; ngw; w rkathjpahf tpsq;fpa jpU.f.,uhkr;re;jpuh mtu;fs;. ,tu; Mj;kN[hjp gj;jphpifapd; Ngh\fuhf ,Ue;J Gfo;g+j;j ike;ju;fisg; ngw;w ,y;yw Qhdpahtu;. mtu; mk;ghs; Nghpy; ghba ghlypy; xd;iw kl;LNk <z;L Fwpg;gpLfpNwd;. “mUStha; midj;Japu;f;Fk; md;idahfp Ie;njhopfs; Ghp Mjp rj;jpNaepd; fUizapd;wpf; fzf;fpyhf; f\;l Kw;Wf; fjwp epw;Fk; capu;fSsj; jpd;W #o;e;j ,Usfy topNaJk; ,y;iynad;W <lw;w cWjpAld; ,e;j Vio cUfp epd;Wd; re;epjpapy; Nfl;lahTk; cte;jspg;gJd; flik xg;gpy;jhNa” 14

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

mLj;jgbahf eapdhjPT kf;fshy; Fl;bg;gpsi ; s vdr; nry;ykhf miof;fg;gl;l tuftp jpahfh; ,uhkr;re;jpuh; Mtu;. gz;NzhL ,irghLk; ty;yikAld; fe;jGuhzk; Kjypa E}y;fSf;Fg; nghUs; tpsf;fk; nra;Ak; Nguhw;wy; ngw;wtuhf ,Ue;jth;. aho;gg; hzf; Nfhapyf; spy; ,thpd; Guhzgld ciutpsf; f k; Nfl; f g; gyh; $b epw; g u; . ,th; mk;ghisg;gw;wpg; gy ghly;fs; ,aw;wpAs;shu;. mit Mo;e;j fUj;Jilait eapid ehfg+\zpapd; nja;tpfg; ngUikf;F Ie;J fhuzq;fisf; fhl;bAs;s md;dhhpd; ghliy ,q;F jUfpd;Nwd;.

mr; R thfdk; Vwpa eapdhjP T ehfg+\zp mk;kd; jpUte;jhjpapy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. “mw;Gjkhd mUSilahs;

mUs; Nehd;gpdu;f;Nf rw;Fzkhd ew;Gj;jpu ghf;fpak;

jhdspg;ghs; Kw;wpa Neha; edpjPu;e;jpLths;

%iy %u;j;jpaUl; nghw;gjk; Nghw;wpLthu; ngWthu;

gyNghfKNk”

“kd;DrPau; ,yq;fhGhpapyk;gpif epd; khngUk; GfOf;F ,yf;fha; ,d;dy; Nktpa ey;yuT Rw;wpafy; ,UQ;rpiwf; fUld; Nktpa fy; ,d;d ghi\anjd; wwpTwh vOj;jhy; ,yq;F fw;rhjdk; ,uz;L jd;id Nehpyh epd; cUntDk; Ie;Jk; rhl;rpahk; ehfg+\zpNa”. ,g;ghliy ,aw;wpa mtu;fs; thypg tajpy; ,iwab va;jpaikapdhy; mthpd; ngUikia ,f;fhy kf;fs; mwpa Kbahj epiy Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ. mLj;jjhff; “ftpf];J}hp” vd;w Gidngahpy; gy;NtW ghly;fisg; ghba jpU.M.,uhKg;gps;is mtu;fs;. ,th; MAs;Ntj itj;jpah;. ,th; 'eapid ehfg+\zpapd; jpUf;Nfhyf;fhl;rpAk; mts; khl;rpAk;" vd;w xU rpW E}iyAk; ntspapl;ltu;. mj;Jld; Mapuf;fzf;fhd rkuftpfisAk; ghbatu;. ,tUk; mk;ghs; Nghpy; ghba nra;Aspy; xd;iw <z;L jUfpd;Nwd;.

“Mzpg;nghd;Kj;njDk; khiy#l;b mUfpdpNy Ngzpg;gae;j Gj;jpuNuhbe;jg; ngz;zuir khzpf;f ,uj;jpdk; itj;Nj ,ioj;jpl;l thfdj;jpw; fhzpw; ftiy fiye;NjhbLk; gy fhjq;fNs”

NkNy mk;gpifiag;gw;wp ftp Gide;J mkuj;Jtk; mile;j eapidg; Gytu;fspd; tuyhw;wpid XusT Fwpg; g pl; N ld; . mj; J ld; jw; N ghJ rP t pate; j uhf ,Uf; F k; ftpQu; eh.f.rz; K fehjgps; i s. grpf; f tp rp.guuhrrpq;fk;> mUl;ftp Nt.jUkypq;fk;> ftp ,uh.

Fyk;> irtg;Gytu; eh.tpRtypqf; k; MfpNahUk; mk;ghs; Nghpy; gy ghly; f is ahj; J s; s du; . mtw; w pidf; Fwpg;gpLtjdhy; ,f;fl;Liu tpuptilAk; vd;gJgw;wp ghly;fisf; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. ,tu;fspd; ghly;fisg; gj; j pupiffspYk; Gj; j f&gkhfTk; ghu; i taplyhk; . mj;Jld; eapdhjPT ahj;jpupfu; njhz;lu; rigahUk; “Njtp Njhj; j puj; jpul; L ” vd; D k; ngaupy; E}y; f is ntspapl; L s; s du; . tpuptQ; r p mg;ghly;fis ,q;F Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. ,/jd;wpAk; NtWgy eapdhjPT md;gu;fSk; mk;ghisg; gw; w pg; ghbAs; s jhf mwpfpNwd; . mit E}y; t btpy; mikahjgbahy; ,q;F Fwpg;gplKbatpy;iy. nrhg;gdj; jhz;lfk; vd;w E}Yk; mk;ghisg;gw;wpaNj. NkNy Fwpg; g pl; l eapidg; Gytiuj; j tpu aho; g ; g hzk; Kj;Jf;Fkhug;Gytu;> mkurpq;fg; Gytu;> NtyizA+u; jk; G cghj; j pahu; > fhtY}u; f ; f tpQu; Nghd; N whUk; mk;ghs; Ngupy; gy ghly;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;fs;. ,it mr;Rthfdk; VwpAs;sd. fz;Lnfhs;f. ,Wjpahf ftpNahfp Rj; j hde; j u; eapdhjP T f; F tp[ak; nra;jNghJ mk;ghs; re;epjpapy; ,Ue;J ghba xUghlYld; ,f;fl;Liuapidg; g+u;j;jp nra;fpNwd;.

kw;Wk; tpNtfhde;jh mr;rfj;jpd; chpikahsuhf ,Ue;j jpU.Nt.nry;tehafk; mth;fSk; mk;ghs; Nghpy; gy ghly;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;. mtu; ,aw;wpa jpUtpul;il kzpkhiy vd;Dk; E}ypy; mk;ghisg; gpd;tUkhW Jjpf;fpd;whu;. “ruzk; ruzk; vd cidr; rhu;e;jpyd; jhuzpNkw; fuzk; Kd;nry;y mjd;gpdu;r; nry;Yq; fjpapypUf;Fk; kuzk; gtkw;wpUf;fTk; ehs;te;J tha;j;jpLNkh muzQ;rpwe;j eapidapy; tho;mUs; mk;gpifNa”

“cyf ehafp cj;jkp ehafp ,yF rf;;jp ,iwtp kNdhd;kzp eypT jPu;j;J eye;jUk; mk;ikNa nghypTwr; nra GJAf tho;f;ifNa”

mLj;jjhf rkPgfhyj;jpy; rptgjk; mile;j tpjJ ; thd; fhkhl;rp Re;juk; mjpgu; mtu;fs; mk;ghs; Ngupy; gy ghly; f is ,aw; w pAs; s hu; . ehlf ebfUk; Gyik tha; e ; j tUkhd mtu; ghba ghly; f spy; xd; i w ,jd; fPo; jUfpd;Nwd;. ,g;ghly; ,tuhy; ghlg;ngw;W ïªJ xË

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

(ed;wp :- eapdhjPT = ehfg+\zp mk;kd; Nfhapy; Fk;ghgpN\f rpwg;G ntspaPL - 1998

15

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

ehfkzpg; Gytupd; eapid khd;kpaKk; ehfk;ghSk; eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

gz;bju;> tpj;Jthd; f.Ffjhrd;> gp.V. ngUik Gide;Jiuf;fg;gLk;. cz;ikapy; mJ xU eu];JjpahfNt mikAk;. ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp fk;gu; $l ,uhkhazj;jpy; jd;id Mjupj;j rilag;g ts;sy; gw;wpg; gy ghly;fisg; ghbaikahy; fk;guhkhazk; muq;Nfw;wg;gl Kbahj my;yw;gl;l tuyhW cyfwpe;j xd;W. eu];Jjp ghLNthupd; Gyik Flj;jpy; ,l;l tpsf; F g; Nghy ntspAyFf; F j; njupahky; kq; f p kiwe;J tpLk; NghYk;! fk;guhkhazj;jpy; ,Ue;J eu];Jjpahf mike;J gy ghly;fs; ePf;fg;gl;l gpd;Ng mJ muq;Nfw;wg;gl;lJ.

ehfkzpg; Gytupd; tuyhw;Wr; RUf;fk; :aho;g;ghzj;jpd; njd; Nfhbapy; mike;Js;s rg;j jPTfspd; eLehafkhf tpsq;FtJ eapdhjPT. ,jid ehf eapdhu; jPT> kzpgy;ytk;> kzpj;jPT vd;Wk; miog;gu;. ,J rpwpa jPthf ,Ug;gpDk; gy rupj;jpug; gpd; d zpfisf; nfhz; l J. mJ kl; L kd; w pg; gy ngupNahu;fs; Njhd;wpajhy; ngUik ngw;wJk; ,j;jPT. Mj;k Qhdpahfpa Kj;Jf;Fkhu Rthkpfs; gpwe;jJk; ,j;jPtpNy jhd;. ,tu; eapdhjPTr; rhkpahu; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLthu;.

ehfkzpg; GytuJ Gfo; gyfhyk; ntspAyFf;Fj; njupahky; kiwe;jpUe;jJ. gpd; ehLk; ehKk; nra;j ew; g adhy; Gytu; “rukftp” ghLk; Ntiyia tpl;nlhopj;jhu;. “ngha;ikahsiug; ghlhNj ve;ij GfY}u; ghLkpd; GytPuf; s;” vd;w Re;juu; $w;W ehfkzpg; GytUf;Fk; Vw;Gilj;jhf ,Ue;jJ.

,j;jifa rpwg;G tha;e;j ,j;jPtpy; mtjupj;jtNu ehfkzpgG; ytu;. jdJ ftpjJ ; tj;jpdhNyNa ,tu; Gytu; vd miof;fg;ngw;whu;. ,tu; gy jdpgg; hly;fisAk; NtW ,yf;fpag; gilg;GfisAk; Mf;fpj; jkpo; md;idf;Fr; #l;b kfpo;e;jtu;. ,tuJ ftpijr; rpwg;Gf; fhuzkhf <oehl;Lj; jkpog; ; Gytu; tupirapy; xUtuhf ,lk;ngWk; ngUikAk; ngw;whu;.

ehfkzpg; Gytupd; Gyik ,g;NghJ GjpaNjhu; ghijapw; nry;yj; njhlq;f paJ. ,wthj GfOila gy E}y; f s; ,aw; w Ntz; L k; vd; W k; > mjdhy; jpwkhd Gytnud ntspehl; l hu; tzf; f k; nra; a Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; vz;zpdhu;. me;j vz;zj;jpy; mUk;gpaitNa eapid epNuhl;l akf me;jhjpAk;> eapid khd;kpaKkhFk;. ,tw;wpy; Ke;jpaJ mr;RUg; ngw;W ntspte;Js;sJ. eapid khd;kpak; ,d;Dk; mr;R thfdk; Vwtpyi ; y. ,itapuz;bYk; eapdhjPtpd; rpwg;Gk; mj;jPtpy; vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; ehfk;khspd; ngUikAk; tpje;J Xjg;gLfpdw ; d. ,q;F ehk; Ma;Tf;F vLj;Jf; nfhz;lJ E}YUg;ngwhj eapidkhd;kpak; gw;wpajhFk;.

,tu; 1891 Mk; Mz; L khu; f op khjk; 10 Mk; jpfjp fjpNurgps;is ehfKj;J jk;gjpfspd; rpNu\;l Gjy;tuhfg; gpwe;jhu;. Ie;J tajpy; tpj;jpahuk;gk; nra;ag; ngw;W tPufj;jpg;gps;is Mrpupauhy; elhj;jg;gl;Lte;j jpz;izg; gs;spf;$lj;jpy; fy;tp fw;W te;jhu;. gpd; irt tpj; j pahtpUj; j pr; rq; f j; j hy; Muk; g pf; f g; g l; l jpyi ; yak;gy tpjj; pahrhiyapy; Nru;eJ ; jdJ fy;tpiaj; njhlu;e;jhu;. mq;F flikahw;wpa NrhkRe;ju Iau; vd;Dk; Mrpupauplk; rpy ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; fw;W te;jhu;. mjd;gpd; ghlrhiyia tplL ; tpyfp aho;gg; hzj;jpy; tzpfu;fSf;Ff; fzf;F vOJk; njhopypy; Nru;ej; hu;. gpd; mjidtpLj;J> eapdhjPTf; fpuhkr; rq;fj; jiytuhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; cs;Su; Ml;rpr; rl;l tpjpfSf;F mika fpuhkj; j py; Vw; g Lk; rpW rr; r uTfis tprhupj; J eP j p toq;Fk; flikiaAk; nra;J te;jhu;. mjdhy; kf;fs; ,tiuf; fpuhkf; Nfhl;L ePjthd; vd;Wk; miog;gu;. rpWtajpNyNa ftpghLk; Mw;wy; kpff; tu; Mjyhy; ,tu;> ftp ehfkzpg; Gytu;> vd;Wk; miof;fg; ngw;whu;.

eapid khd;kpak; :,J eapidaJ khd;kpak; vd tpupAk; khd;kpankd;why; rpwg;G my;yJ kfpik. rf;jp gPlq;fs; gytw;Ws; GtNd];tup gPlk; vdr; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLtJ eapdhjPT MFk;. mq;Nf Nfhapy; nfhz;bUg;gts; ehfg+\zp mk;kd; Mtu;. <oj;jpy; cs;s ngUik ngw;w mk;kd; Myaq;fSs; ,J jiy rpwe;jjhFk;. ,q;Fs;s jPu;j;jk; ghtq;fs; gytw;iwAk; jPu;f;fty;yJ vd;gJ irt kf;fspd; ek;gpf;if. ,j;jifa rpwg;Gf;fisNa Gytu; jkJ E}ypy; tpupthff; $Wfpwhu;. “%u;j;jp jyk;

,tu; ghLk; ty;yik ngw;wtu; Mjyhy; mf;fhyj;jpy; ,we;jtu;fspd; Qhgfhu;j;jkhf fy;ntl;L vd;w ngaupy; rukftpfs; ghb te;jhu;. mg;ghly;fspy; fhykhdtupd; ïªJ xË

16

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

jPu;j;jk; Kiwaha;j; njhOgtu;f;F thu;j;ij nrhy;yr; rw;FUTk; tha;fF ; k; guhguNk” vdj; jhAkhdtu; $Wthu;. Kjw;fz; ,g;gjp mike;Js;s <okz;lyj;jpd; rpwg; g pidf; $wp mjd; gpd; eapidj; j yj; j pd; kfpikiaAk; > mjd; gpd; mq; F s; s mk; g pifapd; fUizj; jpwj;jpidAk;> gpd;G mq;Fs;s jPu;j;jj;jpd; tpNrlj;ijAk; eak;gl ciuj;J ,Wjpahf ,j;jyk; rk;ge;jkhd Guhz tuyhw;WfisAk; tpupj;Jiuj;Jj; jdJ E}iy epiwT nra;fpwhu; Gytu;.

rptfhkp mk; i k Jjpahf mike;jJ ,g;ghly;. nja;tkfspiu tu;zpf;Fk; NghJ Nfrhjp ghjkhf tu; z pg; g J kuG. ,g; g hlypy; mzpr; r pwg; g hff; $e; j Yf; F f; fUKfpYk;> Kfj;Jf;Fj; eapdhjPT jhkiu kyUk; > jpUtha; f ; F = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; Mk;gYk; ctikfshff; $wg;gl;bUg;gijAk;> fUtpopAk; ntz; z ifAk; vd; w njhlupy; Kuz; n jhil mzpAk; kpspu; f pd; w d. ,g; g hly; mUzhry Guhzj;jpy; tUk; “fhnuhOFk; #oyhis” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghliyAk;> jpUf;Nfhitahupy; tUk; “jpUtsu; jhkiu rPut ; su; fhtpfs;” vd tUk; ghliyAk; vdf;F epidt+l;Lfpd;wd.

eapid khd;k ; pak;> flTs; tzf;fk;> mitalf;fk;> ghapuk; vd;w %d;W mq;fq;fs; Nghf> <o kz;lyr;rUf;fk;> ]; j y tpNrlrUf; f k; > %u; j ; j p tpNrlr; r Uf; f k; > jP u ; j ; j tpNrlr; r Uf; f k; > Nrld; mUr; r idr; r Uf; f k; > tpohtzprr; Uf;fk;> cttdr;rUf;fk;> kfhkzprr; Uf;fk;> Gz;zpauhr jupridr;rUf;fk;> kzp gy;ytr;rUf;fk;> gPbifr;rUf;fk;> ehfu;tijr;rUf;fk;> ghj;jpur;rUf;fk;> MGj;jpur;rUf;fk;> Gfhu;rr; Uf;fk;> kzpjj; gP kfj;Jtr;rUf;fk; vdg; gjpdhW rUf;fq;fisf; nfhz;lJ.

<o ehl;Lj; jkpo;g; Gytu; rupjj;ij vOjpa gpuk;k = tpj;Jthd; rp.fNzirau; mtu;fs; ehfkzpg;Gytu; rupj; j puj; j py; mtupd; ghly; rpwg; G f; F cjhuzkhf ,g; g hliy vLj; j hSfpd; w hu; . ,t; t hW gjpide; J ghly; f shy; flTs; tzf; f j; i j epiwT nra; f pwhu; Gytu;. mLj;J> mitalf;fk; gw;wpg; ghu;g;Nghk;.

,k;khd;kpak; Xuhapuk; tpUj;jg;ghf;fshy; ,ad;w xU E}y;. ,e;j E}ypd; ghapuj;jpy; Gytu; ,jid “eapidapd; kPJ khd;kpak; kpff; tpUj;jkha;> Vjpyhapuk; Ie;Jld; VO ehd;F XjpNdd;” vd;W $wpAs;shu;. ,e;jr; rUf;fq;fs; gytw;wpy; gy ghly;fs; ,y;yhJs;sd. mtw;iw tpLj;Jj; jw;NghJ fpilj;Js;s ghly;fs; ahTk; %yg;gpujpAld; xg;G Nehf;fp ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpahfj; jahupff; g;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;iw Mjhukhff; nfhz;lNj ,e;j Mf;fk; Ma;T.

mitalf;fk; :E}y; nra; A k; Gytu; f s; jhk; vj; J izj; j pwd; gilj; j tuha; ,Ue; j hYk; jk; i kj; jho; j ; j p mlq; f p elj;jy; kuG. “vy;yhu;f;Fk; ed;whk; gzpjy; mtUs;Sk; nry;tu;f;Nf nry;tk; jifj;J” vd;ghu; ts;Stu;. mwpTr; nry;tk; cila Gytu;f;F ,J nghUe;Jk;. fk;gu; $wpa mitalf;fj;jpd; rhay; ,tuJ ghf;fspYk; gpujpgypff; pwJ. ehd;F ghly;fshy; ,J epiwTWfpwJ.

flTs; tzf;fk; :Gytu; jdJ E}Yf;Fupa ahg;ghf tpUj;jg;ghtpidj; njupe;Js;shu;. gf;jpaDgtq;fisj; jq;F jilapd;wp tpupj;Jiug;gjw;F ,e;j ahg;Ng mD$ykhdJ. Kjypy; KOKjw; flTSf;F tzf;fk; $wpa Gytu;> gpd; jhd; vLj; J f; nfhz; l fUkk; ,dpNj epiwTwNtz; b Kjypy; tpehaff; flTSf; F k; > gpd; rghehafu; > guhrf;jp> rptfhkp mk;ikahu;> Rg;gpukzpaf; flTs;> taputf; f lTs; > jpUee; j pNjtu; > jpUQhdrk; g e; j u; Kjyhd rka Futu;fs;> ru];tjpNjtp> rz;NlRtu ehadhu; MfpNahUf;Fk; tho;j;Jf; $wpg; gjpide;J ghly;fshy; flTs; tzf;fj;ij epiwT nra;fpwhu;. ,g;gFjpapy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf xU ghly;>

“vz;nzOj;jpay; ahg;gpyf;fzq; fz;zfj;jpYq; fz;lwpNadptd; gz;Zkpf;ftp ghu;j;jpL NkiyNahu; jpz;zkpf;fzp nra;tu; ew; rpe;ijahy;”

vd;gJ Gytu; $w;W. ‘fhupif fw;Wf; ftpij gbg;gjpy; Ngupif jl;bg; gpioj;jy; ed;Nw’ vd;w mwpQu; $w;Wk; Nehf;fw;FupaJ. ghapuk; : ve;jnthU E}Yf;Fk; ghapuk; kpf ,d; w paikahjJ. “MapuKfj; j hd; mfd; w jhapDk; ghapuk; ,y;yJ gDty; md;Nw” vd;gJ tpjp. mjw;fikaj; jdJ E}Yf;Fk; VOghly;fshy; ghapuk; ghbAs;shu; Gytu;. ,g;gFjpapy; Gytu; eapid ehfg+\zp mk;kdpd; guhf;fpukKk; fUizj;jpwDk;> eapidj;jyk; gw;wpa gpwE}w; nra;jpfSk; eapidf;Fk; kzpNkfiyf;Fk; cs;s njhlu;Gk;> %u;j;jp> jyk;> jPu;j;j tpNrlq;fSk;> Nfhtpy; jpUtpohf;fhl;rpAk; $wp <w;wpy; E}w;gaidAk; ,Ughly;f spw; $wpg; ghapuj;i j epiwT nra;f pwhu; .

E}w;gaidf; $Wk; xU ghly;>

“Kr;rfKe; jdpaspf;Fk; mUs; kio Njha;e;jd

#oYk; KJePu;f;fQ;rj;J mr;rida jpUKfKk; fUtpopAk; ntz;zifAk;

Mk;gy; thAk; fr;rzpAk; ,sKiyAk; kyu;f;fuKk; rpw;wpilAk;

fdfj;jhSk; gr;RUTe; jpfo kzpauq;fpy; tsu; Re;jupiag; gzpjy;

nra;thk;” ïªJ xË

17

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

“Mw;W kpf;fij ad;nghL epj;jYQ; rhw;W fpd;wtu; jz; nghUs; tpz;LNshu; Vw;w Nfs;tpaNu tpd upd;ikapd; eapdhjPT Ngw;wp NdhlUk; Ngupd;g = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; njka;Jtu;” vd; g jhFk; . mLj; J E}ypy; Eioe;J Kjw;rUf;fkhfpa <okz;lyr; rUf;fj;ij Muha;Nthk;.

njhLfly; eLtz; #jkha; epd;w #udpd; ,ay;ig tu;zpfF ; k; fe;jGuhzr; nra;Ais ,J vkf;F Qhgf%l;b epw;gij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. flypy; tPo;e;J jj;jspg;Nghiuf; fhg;ghw;w cjTk; ehtha; Nghy gpwtpg; ngUq;flypy; jj;jspg;Nghiuf; fhg; g hw; W k; cikak; i kaJ ghjhutpe; j q; f isg; Nghd;wJ ,e;jj; jyk; vd;gij>

“gtf;flw; fpiltPoe; j; ykUNthiug; ghJfhj;jpdg; Nk gaf;FQ; rptj;jpilg; glUk; gr;rpsq; nfhbjd; jpUg;gjj; Jiz kynudNt Atg;Gwj; jidr; #o; mopNky; ehtha; xopju kwyp NehAw;Wj; jtpgg; tuau;iff; FWGiz khdj; jq;Fke; eapid ahe; jyNk” vd;Dk; ghlyhy; tpsf;Ffpwhu;.

%d;whtjhd %u;j;jptpNrlr; rUf;fj;jpy; rPupau; tho;j;j> Kdptuu; tho;j;j> rpj;ju; fe;jUtu; tho;j;j> thupau; tho;j;j tsu; kzpjPgj;jpy; mku;e;j rhk;gtp vd; D k; jpUehkj; i jf; nfhz; l mk; g pifahdts; mbahu;fs; Nfhupa ahTk; Fiwtpyhjspg;gts; vd kdKUfpg;ghLfpwhu;. ,g;gFjpapy; Kg;gJ ghly;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf ,U ghly;fs;:-

,r; r Uf; f j; j py; kiytsKk; > jUtsKk; > tay;tsKk;> fly;tsKk;> epiwngW ke;jputpyq;if neLk; g jpapd; ngUiknayhk; tpae; N jhjg; g LfpwJ. NkYk; ehad;khuhy; ghlg;ngw;w jyq;fspd; rpwg;Gk;> jpUg;Gfohw; ghlg;ngWk; fjpiu kiyapd; ngUikAk; tpupthfg; Ngrg;gLfpwJ. ,yq;ifapy; cs;s rpwe;j kiyfs;> MWfs; ,it vdf;; $wg;gLtNjhL <oehl;by; mf;fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ifj;njhopy>; fkj;njhopw; rpwg; G fSk; ed; F tpsf; f g; g l; L sd. gpd; <oj; j pd; tlghy; mike;Js;s aho; efupd; rpwg;Gk;> mq;Fs;s rkaj;jyq;fspd; ngUikAk; Ngrg;gLfpwJ. ,r;rUfj;jpy; nkhj;jk; Ik;gJ tpUj;jq;fs; mlq;fpAs;sd. ,jpy; ehad;khupd; ghly; ngw;w jyq;fspd; rpwg;ig

“Mopntz; b iuf; ifjd; d hy; mzptidf;

Fotp jhq;fp khioaq; fiur; nrQ;rhyp Nkw;wto Ntw;W kPokhu; jPgj;jhd; Nwhu; ,jaNk AzUk; tpj;jhk; VOyfspj;j td;id vOe;jUs; fpd;whsd;Nw”

“ge;jnkyh kfw;wpa rk;ge;jUkr; Re;juUk; je;Js NjthunkDe; jkpo; kiwapw; wdpGfo te;jku; NfjPr;ruKk; kzpnfhspf;Fe; jiunahypf;FQ; rpe;(j;)Jiw NfhzhryKe; jpfo;tjpyq; fhGuNk” vd;W czu;r;rp jJk;gf; $Wfpwhu;.

“ngw;wjhyd;id ngWKapuidj;Jk; Ngzyhy;

md;id ngw;wpLNthu; cw;wjhy; md;id tpUk;gpatidj;Jk; cjtyhy;

md;id naf;fiyAQ; nrhw;wjhyd;id cynfhLthDe; njhOjhyhd;id

nad;nwd;Wk; gw;wjhq; fUiz nghopjyhy; md;id guhgiu

ehfG+lzpahs;” ,tw; w pd; nghUs; ntspg; g il ngw; w jhy; md;id vd;w ghly; ehfG+\zp mk;kd; Myaj;jpd; cl;Gwr;Rtupy; nghwpff; g; ngw;Ws;snjd;gijAk; Fwpgg; pl tpUk;GfpNwd;.

,uz;lhtJ rUf;fkhd ];jy tpNrlr; rUf;fj;jpy; aho;g;ghzj;jpd; njd;Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; mike;Js;s eapidnaDk; tsk;gjpapd; ngUikapidf; $Wfpwhu;. rg; j jP T fspd; eLehafkhf mJ tpsq; F tijAk; > kzpj;jPgk;> ehfjPgk;> eapdhu;jPgk; vd;w ngau;fs; te;j tuyhWfSk;> jPtpd; epytsk; ePu;tsk; vd;gdTk; moFw tu;zpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. = ehfg+\zp mk;kd; Kd;nghUKiw ngupaNjhu; Mykuj; j pd; fP o ; f ; Nfhapy; nfhz; b Ue; j hu; vd; g J tuyhW. mt;thW mtu; tPw;wpUe;j My tpUl;rj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ij tu;zpf;Fk; NghJ>

mLj;jjhd jPu;j;j tpNrlr; rUf;fj;jpy; ehfjPgj;jpd; jP u ; j ; j tuyhWk; mJfq; f h jP u ; j ; j j; j pYk; ghu; f ; f r; rpwg; G ilanjd; W k; $wg; g LtNjhL xU Kiw me;jj; jPu;j;jj;jpy; Mlf; nfhLj;J itj;jtu; clypy; cW gpzpafd; W Gj; j pure; j hdk; ngw; W QhdKk; jpupfuzRj;jpAk; ngWthu; vdf; $Wfpwhu;. ,q;Fs;s rKj;jpuj;jpy; mkhthir> g+uiz ehl;fspy; ePuhLgtu; ngWk; gaDk; > mq; F me; j pNal; b f; fpupiafs; nra;gtu; milAk; tuKk; ntFtpupthf ,r;rUf;fj;jpy;

“<z;L ghjyj;jpd; vy;iyapdsTk; ,le;J Nt&d;wp thdsTk; ePz;L NkYyfk; Gfj;jUk; Vzp epfu;jpl neLq;ft Nlhr;rp Mz;L khy; fple;j ,iynadr; rpwe;j milnrwpej; putp ntq;fjpuhy; G+z;L eP epwKw;W cjpu;e;j tpz;kPdpw; nghjpe;j nrq;fhNjhu; tlNk” vdr; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wfpwhu;. ïªJ xË

18

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

,y;iy. gf;ju;fs; jhNk rikay; nra;J cztUe;jp epk;kjpahf ,uz; L %d; W ehl; f s; jq; f p mg;gpifiaj; juprpj;Jr; nry;Yjy; tof;F. mjw;F Vw;g Cu;kf;fSk; rfy cjtp xj;jhirfs; nra;J eapdhjPT cwthb kfpOk; fhlrp kdij = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; tpl;L mfyhjit. kf;fs; nra;Ak; Maj;jq;fis tu;zpjJ ; r; nry;Yk; Gytu; kf;fspd; kNdhNtfj;Jf;F Vw;wthW jdJ ghly;fisg; ghbr; nry;fpwhu;.

Ngrg;gLfpwJ. ,r;rUf;fk; Ik;gJ jpUtpUj;jq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. jPu;j;j tpNrlk; $Wk; xU ghly;>

“MFey; yKjkz;lh ukuUk; MLe;jPu;j;jk; Nkhfk njy;yhe;jPu;e;j Kdptuu; MLe;jPu;j;jk; NrFW nkhd;ghd; Nfhb rpj;ju;fs; MLe;jPu;j;jk; ehfu;fshLe; jPu;j;jk; MFkpe;ehf jPu;j;jk;” vd;W rpwg;gpf;fpwhu;.

Ie; j htjhd Nrld; mUr; r idf; rUf; f j; j py; ghk; g izapy; gs; s p nfhz; l gue; j hkd; mwpJapy; czu;e;J> jdf;F mizahf ,Ue;j MjpNrlDf;Fr; rj;jpgPlj;jpd; kfpikiaAk; $wp mtis mu;r;rpj;Ja;Ak; cghaj;ijAk; ciuf;fpwhu;.

“CnwLj;j Nfzp $tYs;s ePu; Fsq;fisr; NrnwLj;J ehfnkd;W nrg;G nkd; jfl;bdhd; khnwLj;j $ilapw; nra; thspNahL ngz;izapd; $nwLj;j Nthiyapw; Fapd;wgl;il NghLthu;”

mJ Nfl;l MjpNrld; ehfjPgk; mile;J md;idiag; gythW Jjpj;Jg; Nghw;wpdhu;. rpthDg+jp mUs; Ntz;b mk;gpifapd; ghjj;jpy; tPo;e;j Nrlid mtu; jdJ jpUf; f uj; j hy; vLj; J MjpNrlDf; F g; ghiur;Rkf;Fk; ghprspj;jhu;. gpd; jpy;iyapd; vy;iyia mile; J Mz; l td; MLk; jhz; l tk; fhZk; g b mDf; f pufpj; j hs; . NrlDk; mt; t hizia Vw; W tpilngw; W r; nry; Y ifapy; > mk; g pifia ,uh[ uhN[];tup vd miof;Fk; tuj;ijAk;> eapidj;jPtpy; md;idiaj; juprpg;NghUf;F ,d;dUs; Gupa Ntz;Lk; vd; w tuj; j pidAk; Nfl; L g; ngw; W f; n fhz; l hd; .

NrlDf;F tpil nfhLj;j md;id kPzL ; k; kzpgg; lP j;Js; kiwe;jUspdhs; vd;w tpaj;jF nra;jpfs; ,r; rUf;fj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. nkhj;jk; ,Ugj;njhU ghly;fshy; ,r;rUf;fk; epiwT ngWfpwJ. Nrld; mk;gpifiaj; Jjpf;Fk; ghly;fspy; xd;W>

vd;gJ xU ghly;. mjpy; nkhj;jk; Ik;gJ ghly;fs; cs.

mLj; J cttdr; r Uf; f k; Kjy; kzpj; j P g kfj; J tr; rUf; f k; tiuAs; s Ie; E }Wf; F Nkw; g l; l ghly; f spy; gy vkf; F fpilj; j py. ,r; r Uf; f q; f spy; kzpNkfiy> rpyg; g jpfhuk; vd; D k; fhtpaq; f spy; kzpgy;ytk; vd;Dk; ,lj;NjhL njhlu;Gila nra;jpfs; $wg;gLfpdw ; d. ,tw;wpy; cttdr;rUf;fj;jpy; Nfhtyd;> fz;zfp ,UtUk; ,we;Jgl;l nra;jp Nfl;l khjtp kdKile;J Jau; cw;W Gyk;Gtijg; Gytu; gpdt ; UkhW Gyg;gLj;Jfpwhu;.

“NeNuhLk; gyfhnyd; kidapUe;Jk; gpupAkd;W

neLehzpy;Nyd; CNuhLk; gpupej; tisj; njupeJ ; Wty; tUe;Njnyd;WWjp

nrhw;wha; ghNuhLk; tpRk;G njhOg; gj;jpdpjDld; Nwtu; gjpapw;

Nghe;jha; MNuhL Gfd;wOnjd; kdj;JauQ; rpwpjfw;wpa

kUNtdhd;” vd;Dk; ghlyhy; tpsf;Ffpwhu;. kfhkzpr; rUf;fj;jpy; kzpj; j P t py; ehfnuj; j pdk; ngw te; j murJ}Jtd; mq;F te;J mk;gpif ,Ue;j kzpg;gPlj;ijf; fz;L mjidj; Jjpj;J topgl;l tpjj;ijg; Gytu; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhu;. “cs;sj; Jzu;thu;f; Fzu;thfp Aiwtha; epd;rPub

Nghw;wp ms;sw;gpwtpf; fly; flg;ghu;f;F mUs;tha; epd; rPub

Nghw;wp tps;sw; fupjhk; rf;jpfsha; tpupe;jha; epd; rPub Nghw;wp vs;spw;wapy nkdTyNfh bUe;jha; epd; rPub Nghw;wp

“jhaf ke;jpu gPiria Naek rd;kf uhup eNkh khat Nrhjup Naek td;dik thfd uhjp eNkh J}af uPya fhuzp Naek nrhw;wg thzp eNkh VaJ khapy jhAy fhatNsnad Ntj;jYNk” mk;gpif NrlDf;F fhl;rp nfhLj;j jpUf;Nfhyj;ij> “fe;ju tz; FOype;jd nthz;Zjy; fQ;rk

Nja;tjdQ; Re;ju nkd;Fio epj;jpy ntz;zif Nrhgpj khu;

eadk; ge;jd tpd;dfp we;jd Ez;zpil ghygak; tuje; je;ju tpd;wiy tz;if kfpo;e; njjpu; je;jpl

epd;wdshy;” vd;W tu;zpf;fpwhu;.

mLj; j tpohtzpr; rUf; f j; j py; ehfg+\zp mk; k d; MyakNfhw; r t fhy MuthuKk; > mq; F tUk; gf;ju;fis vjpu;nfhs;s eapid kf;fs; nra;Ak; Maj;jq;fSk; ntF tpupthfg; Ngrg;gLfpwJ. ,g;NghJ cs; s J Nghd; w md; d jhd trjpfs; mf; f hyj; j py; ïªJ xË

kz;Nzhahdha; cdf;fgak; kUe;Njahdha;

cdf;fgak; fhz;Nzahdha; cdf;fgak; fjpNuahdha;

cdf;fgak; 19

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

“rPupau; tho;j; jKdptuu; tho;j;jr; rpj;ju;fe; jUtu;fs; tho;j;j

ngz;Nzahdha; cdf;fgak;

gpwNtahdha; cdf;fgak; tpz;Nahahdha; cdf;fgak;

tpjpNa Mdha; cdf;fgak;” vd;W njhlu;e;J nry;fpwJ.

thupau; tho; j ; j tsu; kzpj; j P g j; j ku; e ; j rhk; g tp abatuhw;

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

Nfhupa ahTk; jUtpiu kyu;j; jhl;Fiwtpyhg; ngUk; Gfnod;Wk;

,Jtiu eapid ehfkzpg;Gytupd; eapid khd;kpaj;jpy; ehfk;ik vd;Dk; nghUs; gw; w pa nra; j pfis ,ad; w tiu RUf; f p ciuj;Js;Nsd;. “,yf;fpak;” vd;gJ fhyf; fz;zhb. mjd;gb Gytu; jhd; tho;ej; fhyj;Jr; nra;jpfisj; jdJ E}ypd; %yk; ehk; mwpaj;je;Js;shu;.

thupapdhth nadj; j pupahJ tho; j ; J thu; tha; f Ns tha;fs;” vd;Dk; ghlyhy; tpsf;Ffpwhu;.

(ed;wp :- eapdhjPT = ehfg+\zp mk;kd; Nfhtpy; Fk;ghgpN\f rpwg;G ntspaPL - 1998)

ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ

Myaf; fUtiwapy; Rak;Gtha; tpsq;Fk; ehfKk; md;idAk; rpw;gtbtpy; nrJf;fpNah nrg;GUtha; thh;j;njLj;Njh gpujp\;il nra; a g; g lhJ jhkhfNt Njhd; w p topghl; b w; F ,lkhFk; nja; t cUtq;fs; Rak;G %h;j;jk; vdtoq;fg;gLk;. eapid Myaj;jpd; fUtiwapNy Ie; J jiyehfKk; mk; g hSk; ,ize; j tpf; f pufk; cs;sJ. mk;ghspd; tpf;fpufk; Mapuk; Mz;Lg; gioik tha;e;jJ vdTk; mjd; Kd;Ng ehfg;gpujp\i ; l Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk; vdTk; fhiuf;Fb vk;. nry;yf;fz;Z];gjpahh; 11-03-1951 ,y;ntspahd “tPuNfrhp” apy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. rpw;grh];jpu Muha;r;rpahsh; vk;. eurpk;kd; mth;fs; $wpAs;s gpdt ; Uk; fUj;J (28-08-1983 Fk;ghgpN\f kyh;) eapidapy; ehftopghL vj;Jizg; goikahdJ vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;s cjTk;. “eapdhjPtpd; %y];jhdj;jpy; mk;kd; cUtk; Nghy; ,Ug;gJ gioa ehfg;gpujp\i ; lNa. ,J kpfTk; Nja;eJ ; mk;kd; cUtk; Nghyj; njhpfpwJ. ,jw;Fg; gpd;dh; Ie;Jjiy ehfg;gpujp\;il xd;W cz;L. ,e;jpahtpYk; ehftopghl;bw;Nf gpuj;jpNafkhfTs;s ,t;tsT Guhjd Nfhapiyf; fhz;gjhpJ. fyf;fw;w Jha;ikahd ehf topghl;Lg; gz;gpid eapdhjPtpw; fhzyhk;. me;j ehfr;rpiy gjpdhd;fhapuk; tUlg; goikAilaJ. ,e;jpah> ,yq;if Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; NtW vq;Fk; ghh;f;f Kbahj gpuj;jpal;r cUtkhf> rh;g;g topghl;bd; njhd;ikf; fUT+ykhf ,J ,Uf;fpwJ. ehftopghl;bNy njhlq;fp> fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ehfG+rzp topghlhf tsh;e;J mt;topghl;bd; Mwhj; njhlh;r;rpapd; kNfhd;dj epidTr;rpd;dkhf eapid ehfG+\zp mk;ghs; Myak; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. eapdhjPTf;F ,lg;gl;l gioa ngah; ehfjPT my;yJ ehfj;jPT vd;W nfhs;sNy nghUj;jkhfj; njhpfpd;wJ. gpwpnjhU fhyj;jpy;> tl ,yq;if KOtJNk> ehfjPT vd;wiof;fg;glyhapw;W. ,g;ngaNu gpd;dh; ,yq;if KOtjw;Fk; ,lg;gLtpl;lJ vdyhk;. ,k;kzpjj; T P ehfj;JtPgk; vd toq;FtjhYk; ehfk;> ehfh; njhlh;Gfspd; njhd;ik Gyg;gLtjhYk;. ,yq;if vq;fZKs;s Myaq;fs; ahtpYk; kpfTk; gioik tha;ej; J eapid ehfG+\zp MyaNk vd;gJk; Iakpdw ; pg; ngwg;gLfpdw ; J. (<oj;J Myaq;fs; ghfk; 1> khkd;w ntspaPL) ïªJ xË

20

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

eapdhjPTk; mjd; gd;Kff; fyhrhuKk; Nguhrpupau; t. kNf];tud; ,yq;if vd;gJ Gtpapayhsu;fshy; jPT vd;W milahsg; g Lj; j g; g l; L s; s J. vdpDk; ,e; j j; jP t pw; F s; jP t hf mike; J s; s epyf; F iwfs; gyTs; s d. mit ntWkNd jply; f shf mike; J tpltpy; i y. jkpou; gz; g hl; b Dila Ntu;fs; gytw;iw mit nfhz;Ls;sd. me;j tifapy; aho;g;ghz jPgfw;gj;Jld; ,ize;J fhzg; g Lfpd; w jP T f; $ l; l q; f Ss; xd; w hf tpsq; F fpd; w eapdhjP t pd; gd; K fj; jd; i k Fwpj;jjhfNt ,f;fl;Liu mikfpd;wJ. jPtfk; vd; w vz; z f; f U ,d; i wa cyfkakhjy; #oypy; mtrpakw;wJjhd;. vdpDk; fhyq;fhykhf jPTfspy; tho;e;jtu;fs; jkf;fhd jdpj;Jtkhd milahsq; f Sld; tho; e ; j pUf; f pd; w hu; f s; vd; g ijAk; etP d kakhjYf; F l; g l; L jkJ milahsq; f is ,of; f hky; ,Uf; f pwhu; f s; vd; g ijAk; ,t; t plj; j py; kdq; n fhs; s y; mtrpak;. ,d;iwa ehfupfg; Nghf;Ffshy; ehk; ekJ gz;ghLfs; gytw;iw ,oe;Jtpl;Nlhk;> ,oe; J nfhz; L k; tUfpNwhk; . vdNt ekJ gz;ghl;il kPs;fl;lkhdk; nra;a Ntz;Lkhapd; jP t fq; f spy; Njq; f pf; fplf; f pd; w gz; g hl; L j; jlaq;fis Nehf;fpr; nry;y Ntz;bAs;Nshk;. me; j tifapy; ,d; i wa fhyj; j py; jP t fg; gz;ghL vd;gJ mu;j;jk;nghjpe;j nrhy;yhlyhf cUg;ngWtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

jP t fk; gw; w pa Guhjd fijahly; f s; gy;NtW tpjkhfg; gutpf; fplf;fpd;wd. mit ngUq; f w; g z; g hl; L f; fhyj; j pypUe; J Muk; g pf; f pd; w d.“Mjpj; jpuhtplf; Fbfspd; ngUq; f w; g z; g hl; L mlf; f q; f shtd fWg; G > rptg; G tz; z kl; f yq; f s; > ,Uk; g hAjq; f s; > RLkz; z hyhd tl; l khd jhaf; f l; i lfs; > rq;Ffs;> kzpfs; Kjypad ,lk;ngWtjhy; ,tu; f s; Mjpj; jpuhtplf; Fbfs; vd; g J ntspg;gil. Midf;Nfhl;il> fhiuefu;> rhl;b Kjypa gFjpfspw; fpilf;fg;ngw;w ngUq;fw; gz;ghl;Lr; rpd;dq;fs;. ,tw;wpd; tuyhw;wpid Kd; e fu; j ; j pr; nry; f pd; w d” vd; f pwhu; uFgjp. ,tiuj; njhlu;eJ ; Nguhrpupau;fs; Nghg;gpMuha;rr ; p> G]; g uj; j pdk; > Rju; r d; nrdtpuj; d MfpNahu; ,jid topnkhopfpd;wdu;.

The archaeological opine that the History of civilization in northern Sri Lanka. like other regions of Sri Lanka. began with the early Iron age people who migrated from south India since 1000 B. C. Evidences print out that the people of this culture had lined at Kantarōtai, Ānaikkottai, Kalapōmi, Cātti, Pūnakari, mannar and Māmadu in north Sri Lanka.

(Sutharsan , 1985, Ragabathy 1987, pusparatham 1993, Indrapāla 2005, Sēththampalam, 2004) (pusparatham – 2014: 11)

epytpaybg; g ilapy; jP t fk; gpd; t UkhW milahsg; g Lj; j g; g Lfpd; w J. ,yq; i fapd; tlNkw;Nf – aho;gg ; hzf; Flhehl;bd; njd;Nkw;Nf mike; J s; s jP T j; njhFjpNa jP t fk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Ntyizj;jPT> Gq;FLjPT> neLe;jPT> eapdhjPT> mdiyjPT> vOitjPT> kz;iljPT> fiujPT Mfpa kf;fs; FbapUg;gpidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vl;Lj; jPTfisAk; fz;zhj;jPT> ghiyj; j P T > fw; f lfj; j P T > eiuahd; g pl; b > rpWj; j P T > fr; r jP T Nghd; w kf; f s; thohj jPTfisAk; cs;slf;fpa jPTf; $l;lq;fis jPtfj;Js; mlf;fyhk;. aho;g;ghzf; Flhehl;bd; ngsjPfg; gpupT ehd;fpDs; ,J jPTg;gFjpnad cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

ngU epygug;ghd aho;g;ghzg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; gy;NtW gz;ghl;Lf;Nfhyq;fspd; %ykhf jPtfq;fs; tpsq;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy;> tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj jPtfj;jpd; kdpj ehfupf Xl;lnkhd;W epfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gij jPtfq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpw ngUq;fw;fhyg; gz;ghl;L vr;rq;fs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. ,yq; i fapy; ehf topghL vd; g J kpf Kf;fpakhf ,Ue;jJ vd;W tuyhw;wwpQu; f s; Fwpg; g pLtu; . mjDila vr; r q; f shf ,d; W aho;g;ghzg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; gy;NtW jlaq;fshy; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. mtw;iw gpd;tUkhW gl;bay; gLj;jyhk;.

(Ffghyd;. fh: 1994: 1) ïªJ xË

21

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

1. e h f topghl;bd; njhd;ik 2. ghsp nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fs;> fy;ntl;Lf;fs; ehf vd;w nrhy;iy gy ,lq;fspy; gad;gLj;jpAs;sd. eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; ehf> ehfFyk;. kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; 3. tl ,yq; i fapy; ‘ehf’ vd;w ngaupd; nry;thf;F. ehfu; Nfhapy;> ehfuhrd; 4. ehf topghl;Lf; Nfhapy;fs; GJ}u; ehf jk;gpuhd; Nfhapy;> Gspak;nghf;fiz ehf jk;gpuhd; Nfhapy; (td;dp) 5. eapdhjPtpy; ehf topghL ehf– ehf jk;gpuhd; G+\zp – mk;kd; ,izg;G ehfG+\zp (Pusparathnam – 2014:18) jPTg;gFjpAl;gl aho; Flhehl;by; jpuhtplu; te;J FbNaWtjw;F Kd; ehfu; tho;e;Js;sdu;. mtu; f s; ehfjk; g puhd; > ehfG+\zp Kjypa flTsiu tzq; f pdu; . kfhtk; r k; > jP g tk;r k; Kjypad ‘ehfjPgk;’ vd;gJ Gj;jrka tsu;rr ; piaf; nfhz;lJ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ehfu;fspd; gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;g;gjw;F Gj;ju; te;J Nghdhu; vd;Wk; mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. ehf vd;w Mz; nja;tKk; G+\zp vd;w ngz; nja;tKk; ,ize;j xU ,izg;Ng ehfG+\zp mk;kd; vd;W MfpaJ vd;Wk; mjhtJ MZk; ngz;Zk; ,ize;j xU flTs; topghL ,q;F epytpaJ vd;Wk; mJ ehfjk;gpuhDld; ,ize;jJ vd;Wk; G]; g uj; j pdk; Fwpg; g pLfpd; w hu; . ,dp eapid ehfG+rzp mk;kd; Myaj;jpd; fUtiw gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijf; $w te;j Nguhrpupau; Ntjehjd;

,dp mq;Nf tpsq;fpa jUkgPbif gw;wpAk; kzpNkfiy tpgupf;fpd;wJ.

ciungWKk;Koepykpir Xq;fpj; jpir njhWk; xd;ghd; KOepyk; mfd;W tpjpkhzbapy; tl;lq;Fapd;W gJk rJu kPkpir tpsq;fp mwNthu;f;F mike;j Mrdk; xd;Nw. (%d;W Ko cauKilajhfp> jpirfspy; xd;gJ Kok; tiu mfd;W2tpjpKiwfSf;F mika tl;lk; nra;ag;gl;L> gJkj;ij cila rJuk;> mjd; NkNy Mrdk; mJ jUk gPbif vd tpsq;fpaJ) vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. Nkyhf ehfehl;luru; ,Utu; Nghu; Gupe;j NghJ mjidj; jLj; J rkhjhdk; nra; j ngUe;jtKdptu; ,Ue;J mwk; ciuf;Fk; jUk gPbif mJ. (kzpgy;ytj;Jj; JaUw;w fhij – 45 – 60) vd;Wk; mJ Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy; Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ eapdhjPT jkpo; ngsj;j kugpd; njhd; i kia ntspg; g Lj; J tjhfTk; mikfpd;wJ. ngsj;jk; vd;w ngUk; kuG ,e;jpa ehl;by;jhd; fhy;nfhz;lJ. mJ ,e;jpa cgfz;lk; KOtJk; nry; t hf; F r; nrYj; j paNjhL kl; L ky; y hJ fly;fle;j ehLfspYk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wJ. ,e;j tifapy; jkpo; ehl;by; fp.gp. 2 Mk; Ew;whz;bw;Fg; gpd;G ngsj;jk; gutpaJ. mjDila nry;thf;if ,yf;fpaq;fs; topAk; ngsj;j ghspfs; Mfpa Fltiu Nfhapy;fs; topAk; gpuhkp vOj;Jf;fs; topAk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ. jkpo; ngsj;ju;fs; jkpo; ehl;by; gutyhf tho;e;Js;sdu;. ngsj;jj; JwtpfSk; tho; e ; J s; s du; . ,tu; f spD}lhf ngsj;jk; jkpo; ehl;by; epiy ngw;wJ. mjd; topjhd; kzpNkfiyia ehk; ,dq;fhZfpd;Nwhk;. ,e; j gutYk; njhlu; G k; Nrhou; f hyk; tiu mjhtJ fp. gp 13 E}w;whz;L tiu epiyngw;wJ. ehfg;gl;bdj;jpy; uh[uh[g;nghUk;gs;sp> uhN[e; j pNrhog; nghUk; g s; s p vd ,uz; L ngsj;j tpfhuq;fs; ,Ue;jij fy;ntl;Lf;fs; top mwpa KbfpwJ. NkYk; Gj;jkpj;jpud; vd;w jkpo; ngsj;jd; tPuNrhopak; vd;w ,yf;fz E}iy ,f; f hyj; j py; vOjpdhd; vd; g ijAk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ. MfNt ePzl ; fhyk; jkpo;ngsj;j

“MfkkuGf; F l; g l; l Kiwapy; mike; J tpsq;Fk; ,t;thyak; fUtiwf;Fs; epkpu;e;J fhzg;gLk; fUehfr; rpiy tbtKk; mjd; fPo; cs;s mofpa gPlj;jpy; gpujp\;il nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; mUTUtkhd mk;ghspd; jpUTUtKk; Rak;GUtq;fshNt cs;sd.”(Ntjehjd;: 1012. g. 17. ru;trka re;epjpfs;: nghw;whkiu) vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ,jpypUe;J eapdh jPtpy; ehf topghLk; ngz; n ja; t topghLk; ,ize; j xU njhd;k topghL ePz;l fhykhfNt epytp tUfpd;wij mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. eapdhjPit ngsj;j kjj;jpd; nry;thf;Fg;ngw;w ,lkhfTk; Fwpg;gpLtu;. kzpNkfiy ,jw;fhd rhd;whf mikfpd;wJ.

G+q;nfhb jd;idg; nghUe;jpj; joP> me;jukhwh Mwa;e;J Nahridj;

ïªJ xË

njd;jpir kUq;fpy; nrd;W jpiuALj;j kzpgy;ytj;jpil kzpNkfyh nja;tk; mzpapio jd;id itj;J mfd;wJ jhndd;… (rf;futhsf; Nfhl;lk; ciuj;jfhij)

22

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

kuG xd;W jkpo; ehl;by; epytpAs;sJ. ,e;j kugpd; Muk;gfhy nraw;ghlhfNt kzpNkfiyapd; $w;iwAk; ngsj;jgPbifapd; tptuzj;ijAk; milahsg;gLj;j Kbfpd;wJ. me;j kuG njhlu;eJ ; k; ,d;W tiu Ngzg;gLtJ eapdh jPT vd;fpw fyhrhu ikaj;jpd; milahskhFk;.

Nkw; F wpj; j jfty; f s; ahtw;iwAk; njhFj;J Nehf; F fpd; w NghJ jP t fg; gz;ghL vd;gJ gd;Kfj;jd;ik nfhz; b Ug; g ij tpgupf; f KbAk;. rpy jPTfis jtpu eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; Vidait Fbrdk;> Nfhapy;> kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; tho;tpay; kw;Wk; gz;ghl;L epiyfs; Mfpatw;wpy; ePz;l fhyk; epiyj;jpUe;jd vd;gij czu KbAk;. vdpDk; fhy epiyapd; xt;thik> jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;lik> epytsj;jpd; Nghjhik Kjypait ,q;F tho;fpw kf;fisg; Gyk;ngaur; nra;jJ. gyu; Gyk;ngau;e;J Kjypy; aho;g;ghzg; ngUefupYk; gpd; G td; d pg; gpuhe; j paj; j pYk; mjw;Fk; Nkyhf njhopy; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapd; ,jughfq;fspYk; gue;jdu;. gue;j ,lq;fspy; epd;wdu;> epiyj;jdu;> ntw;wp nfhz;ldu;.

jPTg;gFjpfs; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy ntWkNd kzy; jply;fshf mikatpy;iy> mit gz;ghl;bd; epiyf;fsq;fshf mike;Js;sd. me; j tifapy; jP T g; g FjpfSf; F jkpo; ehl;bw;Fk; kw;Wk; Vida gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;Fkhd njhlu;Gfis ,t;tplj;jpy; milahsg;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhdjhFk;. ,e;jpa ngUepyg; gug;Gld; mit ,ilawhj njhlu;igf; nfhz;bUe;jd. mjdhy; uhNk]; t uj; j pw; F k; jP T g; g Fjpf; F k; Fwpg;ghf neLe;jPTld; njhlu;Gfs; epytp te;jd. gRj;jPT vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w neLe;jPtpypUe;J uhNk];tuk; NfhapYf;F mgpNlfj;jpw;F ghy; nfhz;Lnrd;wjhf gokuGf;fijfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. khzpf;fthrfu; Fjpiu thq;f te;j ,lkhd jpUg; n gUe; J iw neLe; j P t pNy mike; J s; s J vd;ghUk; csu;. rk;ge;jUk; Re;juUk; uhNk];tuk; fiuapy; epd; W nfhz; L jP T f; $ l; l q; f spD} lhf fpilj; j jfty; f is mbg; g ilahff; nfhz;Nl NfjP]t ; uj;ijAk; NfhNz];tuj;ijAk; ghbdhu;fs; vd;Wk; rpyu; Fwpg;gpLtu;. NkYk; Guhjd fhyj;J ,lg;ngau;Tfisj; njhlu;e;J tuyhw;Wf; fhyfl;lq;fspYk; ,g;gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; FbNaw;wq;fs; epfo;e;Js;sd. Fwpg;ghf Nrhou; fhyj; J Nfhapy; fl; L khdq; f s; mtu; f s; Goq;fpa fhRfs; Kjyhdit ,t;tplq;fspy; fpilj; J s; s d. NkYk; tp[aefu ehaf; f u; fhyj;jpy; jkpo; ehl;bypUe;j gy;NtW [hjpfisr; Nru;e;jtu;fSk; ,e;jg; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; te;J FbNawpdu; vd;gu;. mj;Jld; ,uhkehjGuj;ij Mz;l NrJkd;du;fs; fhyq;fspYk; ,t;thwhd FbNaw;wq;fs; epfo;ej ; s;sd vd;gu;. rPdu;fSila Clhl;lKk; ,q;Nf epfo;e;jpUf;fpd;wJ vd;gij eapdhjPtpy; fpilj;j rPdr;rhbfis Mjhukhff; nfhz;L fUj;Jiug;gu;. ,];yhkpaUila njhlu;Gk; ,g; g puhe; j paq; f spy; Vw; g l; L s; s J vd; g jw; F rhl; b vd; w ,lj; j py; fhzg; g Lk; gz; i la ju;f;fh xd;iw cjhuzk; fhl;Ltu;. ,tw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau;> xy;yhe;ju;> Mq;fpNyau; MfpNahUila Clhl; l q; f Sk; jP t fq; f s; mlq;fYk; epfo;eJ ; s;sd vd;gij mt;tplq;fspy; cs; s Guhjd rpd; d q; f spd; topahfTk; Njthyaq; f spd; topahfTk; tha; n khopf; fijkugpD}lhfTk; mjpfkhf mwpaKbfpd;wJ. vdNt jPtfk; vd;gJ gy;gz;ghl;Lg; gapy;fskhf ePz;l fhyk; epiyj;jJ vd;gij Nkw;Fwpj;j rhd;Wfspd; top epWtKbfpd;wJ. ïªJ xË

eapdhjPtpYk; Nkw;Fwpj;j mk;rq;fs; epytpa NghJk; mq; F epytpa rkar; # oy; mjid ahj;jpiuf;Fupa Gz;zpajykhf khw;wpaJ. eapid> ehfG+\zp mk;kd; Myak; vd;gJ ntWkNd eapdhjPT kf;fSf;Fupa Myak; my;y. mJ ,e;J kf;fs; ahtUf;Fkhd ahj;jpiuj;jyk; vd;w milahsk; nfhz;lJ. mjdhy; ahj;jpupfu;fs; ve;jehSk; tp[ak; nra;fpd;w Gdpj N\j;jpukhf mJ tpsq;FfpwJ. mJNghyNt ngsj;ju;fSf;Fupa ahj; j piuj; jykhfTk; mJ tpsq; F fpwJ. ,tw;iw tpl ,];yhkpag; gs;spAk; fpwp];jt NjthyaKk; ,q; F mike; J s; s J. NkYk; ghuk;gupakhd rpWnja;t flTsUila topghl;Lj; jyq;fSk; ,q;F epiyj;Js;sd. ,jdhy; ,J xU gd;Kfj;jd;ik nfhz;l gz;ghl;Lf; fskhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ vdyhk;. ,yq;ifapy; ngsj;ju;fSk; ,e;Jf;fSk; ,]; y hkpau; f Sk; xd; W $Lfpd; w ,lkhf fjpu;fhkk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mq;Nf ,d> kj> nkhop Ngjkpy;iy. mJ NghyNt tlf;fpYk; eapdh jPT tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. jkpo; ngsj;j kuGk; ,e;J kuGk; ,ize;j xU gz;ghl;Lf; Nfhyj;ijf; fhyq; f hykhf epfo; j ; j p> ,yq; i fapDila murpay;> ,d Kuz;ghLfs; ahtw;wpypUe;Jk; NtWgl;L> gd;Kfj;jd;ik nfhz;l ikag;Gs;spahf eapdhjPT tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. vdNt cyf rkhjhdj;jpw;Fk;> Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik fhz; g jw; F k; ru; t kj rkurg; gz; g hl; b w; F k; Kd;Djhuzkhf ,J tpsq;Ffpd;wJ vdyhk;.

23

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mKjRugp md;djhd rigapd;

njh‰wK« ts®¢áí«

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

F. rhe;jypq;fk; (Xa;Tngw;w mjpgH) nrayhsH> eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mKjRugp md;djhd rig.

nrd; w Ik; g J Mz; L fSf; F Kd; Njhw; w k; ngw;W My;Nghy; jioj;J tsHe;JtUk; eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mKjRugp md; d jhd rigapd; Njhw;wk; gw;wpAk; mjd; tsHr;rp gw;wpAk; mk;gpifapd; mbahHfSf;F njspTgLj;Jtjpy; vkJ rig ngUkpjk; milfpd;wJ.

mf;fhzpapy; jw;nghOJ gpujhd kz;lgkhf tpsq;Fk; 120 mb ePsKk; 35 mb mfyKk; nfhz;l kz;lgj;ij mbahHfSila xj;Jiog;NghLk;> eyd;tpUk;gpfSila MjuNthLk; epue;jukhff; fl;bg; gy tUlq;fshf mk;ghisj; jhprpf;ftUk; mbahHfs; grpg;gpzpapd;wpr; nry;yf;$ba tifapy; jkJ Nritiaj; jpwk;glr; nra;J te;Js;shHfs;.

,w;iwf;F Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;FKd; tUlhe;j kNfhw; r t fhyj; j py; mk; g pifiaj; jhprpf; f tUk; mbahHfs; czTf;fhfg; gl;l f\;lq;fis Nehpy; fz;L kdk; ntJk;gpa> cs;qH nghpNahHfshYk; Gj;jp[PtpfshYk;> tHj;jfg; ngUkf;fshYk; ~eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; ahj;jphpfHfspd; md;djhd rig| vd;w ngahpy; cUthf;fg;gl;lNj ,d;iwa mKjRugp. ,r;rigf;F jkpo;ehl;by; ,Ue;J eapdhjPTf;F tUif je;j jkpo; NguwpQH fp.th. [fe;ehjd; mtHfshy; toq;fg;gl;l ngaNu ~mKjRugp md;djhdrig| vd;gJ. ,g;ngaH eapid tuyhw;NwhLk; ,yf;fpar; rhd;NwhLk; nghUj;jKw mike;jik vk; rigf;F kpfTk; ngUik mspg;gjhFk;.

fhyg;Nghf;fpy; Muk;gfhy cWg;gpdH fshfTk; rigapd; gpujhd gjtpfis tFj;j jiytH> nrayhsH> nghUshsH MfpNahUk; Vida rpy cWg;gpdHfSk; ,we;j fhuzj;jhy; rigapd; eilKiw tpjpfSf;fika Gjpa mq;fj;jtHfs; NrHf;fg;glNtz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;epiyapy; capUld; tho;eJ ; nfhz;bUe;j Muk;gfhy cWg; g pdHfNshL Gjpa mq; f j; j tHfisr; NrHj; J ehw;gj;njl;L (48) cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;l rigahf tphpthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,g;Gjpa rigapd; jiytuhf jpU. j. rpthee;jd; mtHfSk;> nrayhsuhf jpU. F. rhe;jypq;fk; mtHfSk; > nghUshsuhf jpU. F. =]; f e; j uhrh mtHfSk; epakpf;fg;gl;L Kd;NdhH fhl;ba topapy; ahtUk; Nghw;wf;$ba tifapy; jk; Nritiaj; jpwk;gl nra;J tUfpd;wdH.

vkJ rig Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;FKd; ,Ugj;ije;J (25) cWg;gpdHfis Muk;gfhy cWg;gpdHfshff; nfhz;L tiuaWf;fg;gl;l XH ];jhgdkhf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,r; r igapd; Muk; g fhyj; jiytuhf eapdhjP T fpuhkrigapd; Kd;dhs; jiytH jpU. rp.f. jk;igah mtHfSk;> cgjiytuhf jpU.Nt.fe;ijah MrphpaH mtHfSk; ,izr; n rayhsHfshfj; jpU.f.Nt. gukypq;fk; mtHfSk;> jpU.,.,.G+ghyrpq;fk; mtHfSk; ,izg;nghUshsHfshf jpU. eh. fzgjpg;gps;is mtHfSk;> jpU.rp.,.rpd;dj;Jiu mtHfSk; epakpf; f g; g l; l hHfs; . Muk; g fhyj; j py; rigf; n fdr; nrhe; j f; fhzp ,y; y hikahy; ehd; F Mz; L fs; tiu jdpg;gl;ltHfspd; fhzpfspy; jw;fhypf fPw;Wf; nfhl; l if mikj; J gy f\; l q; f spd; kj; j papy; tUlhe;j kNfhw;rt fhyq;fspy; mk;ghisj; jhprpf;ftUk; mbahHfspd; grpg;gpzp jPHf;Fk; xU ];jhgdkhf elhj;jp te;jhHfs;.

tUlhtUlk; ngUfptUk; mbahH $l;lj;ij xU kz;lgj;jpy; itj;J cztspf;f KbahikapdhYk;> rigf;nfd thq;fg;gl;l fhzp NghjhikapdhYk; Kd;dH fhzp je;j chpikahsuhfpa jpUkjp. rf;fiur;rhkp mtHfsplk; kpFjpahf ,Ue;j 12 gug;Gf; fhzpiaAk; rigapdH tpiyahf thq;fpaNjhL mf;fhzpapy; 100 mb ePsKk; 32 mb mfyKk; nfhz;l Gjpa kz;lgk; xd;W rigapdJk; mg;Nghija GdHtho;T Gduikg;G mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j khz;GkpF lf;s]; Njthde;jh mtHfspd; epjp cjtpAlDk; mikj;J tpohf;fhyj;jpy; tUk; mbahHfs; vt;tpj jilAkpd;wp FWfpa Neuj;jpy; cztUe;jpr; nry;yf;$ba tifapy; Nritahw;wp tUfpd;wdH. NkYk; ,k;kz;lgk; tpohf;fhyk; my;yhj ehl;fspy; nghJkf;fs; jpUkz tpohf;fs;> G+g;Gdpj ePuhl;L tpohf;fs; elhj;Jtjw;Fk; Fiwe;j fl;lzj;NjhL cjtp tUtJ nghJkf;fs; kj;jpapy; ngUQ;Nritahfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.

rpy tUlq;fspd; gpd; eapdhjPT 2Mk; tl;lhuj;ijr; NrHe; j R. ,uhkrhkp (rf; f iur; r hkp) mtHfsplk; gpujhd tPjpapy; jw;nghOJ kz;lgk; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; tpiyahf 5 gug;Gf;fhzp rigf;nfd thq;fpaNjhL>

ïªJ xË

,e;epiyapy; rigapd; tsHr;rpapy; kpfTk; <LghL nfhz;ltuhfTk; Muk;gfhy rig cWg;gpduhfTk;

24

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

je;j rpw;ghrphpaHfisf; nfhz;L mk;ghisj; jhprpf;ftUk; mbahHfis ~mKjRugp miof;fpd;wJ| vd;w ghtidapy; gy ,yl;rk; &gh nrytpy; xU mofpa tisTf; NfhGuk; aho; eapdhjPT Flhehl;by; ,y;yhj tifapy; = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sik vkJ kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; rigf; F NkYk; rpwg; g pidf; nfhLg;gjhFk;. ,d; i wa epiyapy; vkJ rigapy; 1200 mbahHfSf; F xNu jlitapy; cztspf;ff;$ba ,ltrjpAk;> RkhH 25000 mbahHfSf;F xUKiwapy; rikj;J rig ghpkhwf;$ba jsghl trjpfSk; cs;sd.

,Ue;j fhyQ;nrd;w jpU. Nt. rptg;gpufhrk; mtHfspd; QhgfhHj;jkhf mtuJ gps;isfshy; 50 mb ePsKk; 30 mb mfyKk; nfhz;l xU fsQ;rpa kz;lgk; gy ,yl;rk; &gh nrytpy; ed;nfhilahf mikj;Jj; je; J tsHe; J tUk; rigapd; Nritf; F tsk; NrHj;Js;sikia rigapdUk; VidNahUk; vd;nwd;Wk; kwf;fKbahjjhFk;. ,j;Jld; vkJ rigf;F tlNkw;Nf cs;s RkhH 10 gug;G tp];jPuzk; nfhz;l fhzpia mjd; chpikahsHfshfpa jpU jpUkjp. ,. jpahfuhrh FLk;gj;jpdH> jpU. jpUkjp. ,.fdfrghgjp FLk;gj;jpdH MfpNahH rigf;F ed;nfhilahf toq;fp cs;sdH. jpUkjp K. f. nghd;dk;gyk; FLk;gj;jpduhYk; jpU jpUkjp. jpahfuhrh FLk;gj;jpduhYk; ed;nfhilahf toq;fg;gl;l fhzpapy; ,uz;L ed;dPHf; fpzWfs; mikf;fg;gl;L rigf;Fj; Njitahd ed;dPH ngwg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tHfs; midtUf;Fk; mk;ghspd; jpUtUs; vd;Wk; fpilf;fg; gpuhHj;jpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

vkJ rigapy; mwnewpg; ghlrhiy MrphpaHfisj; jtpu %d;W (3) CopaHfs; khjhe;j Ntjdj;jpy; flik Ghpfpd;wdH. ,tHfs; jtpu vkJ rigahy; md; d jhdk; toq; f g; g Lk; mk; g hspd; kNfhw; r t fhyq;fspYk;> Mbg;G+uk; ijg;G+rk; Nghd;w ngUtpohf; f spYk; Njitf; N fw; g rikay; f huUk; kz;lg gzpahl;fSk; Ntiyf;fkHj;jg;gLfpd;whHfs;. ,tHfSf;F mf;fhyq;fspy; toq;fg;gLk; Ntjdk; FiwTilajhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtHfs; my;Yk; gfYk; rig cWg;gpdHfNshL mauhJ cioj;J nrd;w Ik;gJ Mz;Lfhykhf rigapd; tsHr;rpf;F Cd;WNfhyhf mike;J tUfpd;whHfs; vd;gijf; $Wtjpy; kl;lw;w kfpo;r;rp milfpd;Nwhk;.

Nkw; $ wg; g l; l mbahHfshy; ed; n fhilahf toq;fg;gl;l fhzpapy; Kd; tpwhe;ijfSlDk;> Kfg;gpy; tprhykhd kz;lgj;NjhLk; $ba 36 miwfisf; nfhz;l xU kz;lgk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;kz;lg miwfs; tpohf;fhyq;fspYk; Vida ehl;fspYk; mk;ghisj; jhprpf;f tUk; mbahHfs; Fiwe;j fl;lzj;NjhL jq;fpr;nry;y gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,itad;wp nrd;w 18.03.2003,y; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l E}yfKk;> mwnewpg; ghlrhiyAk; jpwk;gl ,aq;fp tUfpd; w d. vkJ mwnewpg; ghlrhiy tFg; G fs; eapdhjPtpy; cs;s %d;W ghlrhiyfspYk; jPtf tyaf; fy; t pg; gzpg; g hshpd; mDruizAlDk; > mt; t pj; j pahyaq; f spd; mjpgHfspd; MjuTlDk; vkJ rigahy; epakpf; f g; g l; l 12 MrphpaHfs; %ykhf gpujp QhapWNjhWk; elhj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. mwnewpg; g hlrhiyapy; fw; F k; khztHfSf; F mt; t g; N ghJ ,e; J fyhrhuj; jpizf; f sj; j hy; toq;fg;gl;l E}y;fSk;> gapw;rpf; nfhg;gpfSk; ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;> ,e;J fyhrhuj; jpizf;fsj;jhy; toq;fg;gl;l rPUilj;Jzpfs; xt;nthU khztH fSf;Fk; Vw;wtifapy; vkJ rigapd; nrytpy; rPUilfshf ijj;J toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gij kfpo;Tld; mwpaj; jUfpd;Nwhk;. vkJ mwnewpg; ghlrhiy MrphpaHfspy; ,UtH jHkhrphpaH ghPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;Js;s NjhL> gy khztHfs; ghPli ; rj; jpizf;fsj;jhy; elhj;jg;gLk; mwnewpg; ghlrhiy khztHfSf;fhd Mz;bWjpg; ghPl;irapy; jpwikr; rpj;jpfSld; rpj;jpaile;Js;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. NkYk; vkJ mwnewpg;ghlrhiy khztHfspilNa rka mwpTg;Nghl;bfSk;> ehy;tH tpoh> Nrf; f pohH tpoh> etuhj; j php tpoh Nghd; w tpohf;fSk; elhj;jg;gl;L mtHfsJ rka mwpT NkYk; NkYk; tsHf;fg; gLfpd;wik ghuhl;Lf;FhpaitahFk;.

,Wjpahf nrd;w Ik;gjhz;LfSf;F Kd; ,uty; fhzpapy; jw; f hypf fP w ; W f; nfhl; l iffs; %yk; md;djhdk; toq;fpa vkJ rig jw;nghOJ jdf;nfd 32 gug;Gf; fhzpfisAk; Ik;gjhapuk; kf;fs; tiu jq;fpr; nry;yf;$ba ghhpa kz;lgq;fisAk; gpw trjpfisAk; nfhz;L tpsq;Ffpd;wnjd;why; mJ mk;ghspd; jpUtUspdhYk; jd;dykw;w mbahHfspd; ed;nfhil tsHr;rpapdhYk; Vw;gl;l ngUtsHr;rpNa vdf; $Wtjpy; ngUik milfpd;Nwhk;. ,t;thW Mz; L NjhWk; vkJ rigapy; eilngWk; Nrit ngUe; njhz; nldf; fUjpg; gzk; > nghUs; cjtp tUfpd; w mbahHfSf; F k; > tHj; j fg; ngUkf; f s; > cj; j pNahfj; j Hfs; > tptrhag; ngUkf; f s; kw; W k; ngUk; epjpfisj; jpul;bj; jUfpd;w Gyk; ngaHe;J thOk; mgpkhdpfs;> rig cWg;gpdHfs;> ew;Nritj; njhz;lHfs;> NritahsHfs; midtUf;Fk; vy;yhk; ty;y mk;gpifapd; jpUtUs; fpilf;fNtz;Lnkdg; gpuhHj;jpj;Jr; rigapd; gzptd;ghd tzf;fj;ijAk; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

(ed;wp: eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mKjRugp md;djhdrig - Ik;gjhtJ Mz;L epiwT nghd;tpoh kyh; - 2009)

,itjtpu vkJ kz; l gj; j pd; fpof; F g; G wkhf cs;s gpujhd tPjpapy; ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J tUif

ïªJ xË

25

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

=y= Kj;Jf;Fkhu Rthkpfshy; (eapidr; Rthkpfs;) ghlg;ngw;w

ehfG+\zp me;jhjp

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

3. ehfk;ikNa espdhrdu; ehuzdhw; fupau; ghfk;ikNa gukhde;j ty;yp gjhk;Gaj;ij jh,k;ikNa jkpNad; ,lu;jPu;j uuhrrpt Nahfk;ikNa cjNt cikNa cau;cj;jkpNa. 4. cj;jkpNa vd;Dapu;f;FapNu czu;Tf; Fzu;Nt gj;jpdpNa gukhde;j ty;yp gjhk; Gaj;ij itj;J epkykhahjp fu;kk; kwypaw vj;jpdpNa ,lu;vy;yhk; jtpu;j;njid Vw;wUNs. 5. mUNs mUspd;tbNt mfz;l mrurh nghUNs midj;ijAk; ngw;wtNs vd;gpio nghWj;J ,UNs jUtpid va;ahnjhopj;J akdZfhg; nghUNs Gfo;fpspNa rptkhk; Gzu;xspNa. 6. xspNa xspapd; cUNt mbau; csf;fkyj; jspNa mUe;jp mku;RUk;Ng mbNaidj; njhlu; gopNa fopj;Jg; guhee;j Nkhd gukRf nkhopNa Kbtpy; Kjy;thkpNa mUs;Kf; fz;zpNa. tpehafu; tzf;fk; Kj;jpehafNd Nghw;wp %yehafNd Nghw;wp rpj;jp ehafNd NjtNjt ehafNd Nghw;wp rj;jp ehafdhu; je;j jdpg;ngU KjNytPu fj;jp ehafNd vq;fs; flTNs Ngw;wp Nghw;wp! ehfG+\zp me;jhjp 1. Xq;fhurf;jp cikNa epdjbNa Dsj;jpd; jhq;fh tUj;jk; jUkpluhjpiar; rq;fupj;J ePq;fhj; jpahdk; epiwQhdk; Mde;j Neaepiy ghq;fha; mUs;rpitNa giuNa gukhde;jpNa. 2. Mde;jty;yp mfpyhz;l ehafp mk;gpifNa Nkhde;jU Kj;jptpj;Nj kaf;fKidg; gWj;J <de;jU tpidva;ah njhopj;J akdZfh Qhde;ju cikNa eapdhefu;ehfk; ikNa.

ïªJ xË

7. Kf;fz;zp Kg;gj;J Kf;Nfhb Njtu; Kdptu;njhor; nrq;fz; mupaad; NjtpAk; ,e;jpud; NjtpAk; epd; gf;fj;J epd;Wgzp nra;tu; md;id gjhk; Gak;itj; Ja;f;nfhs;tJd; flNd vidaPd;w cikatNs. 8. cikNa ,ikaj; jpUe;jtNs capu;fl;FWjp jikNajUew; jahepjpNa tpidr;rQ; ryq;fs; vikNa njhlu;e;jplu; va;ah njhopj;J akdZfh jikNa mbr;RtL vd;jiyNky; mUs; mk;gpifNa. 9. mk;gpifNa vd; mUe;JizNa epd;db gpbj;J ek;gpepd;Nwd; ,lu;va;ah njhopj;Jeit fspj;J ntk;Gfpd;Nwd; tpidNkthky; me;jfdhu;ntUl;L tk;gpdpy; vd;idtplh jhz;b kyu;itj;jUNs. 10. itj;jUs; ehf kfhuh[ ty;yptbtofp gf;ju;gy;Nfhb njhog; gq;ifahjdd; khy;kfthd; vj;jpir NahUk; guTepd;Nrtb va;j,lu; mj;jidAk; nfl;ljd;Nd guhde;j khde;jNk!

26

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

=y= Kj;Jf;Fkhu Rthkpfshy; (eapidr; Rthkpfs;) ghlg;ngw;w

eapid ehNf];tup Njhj;jpukhiy fw;gff; fd;iwf; flk;gidj; je;j fdftiu mw;Gj Nkhd mUs; ehfk;

jhq;Fk; mkpu;j ty;yp jw;giu thkk; jioj;Nj

rfy capu;fSf;Fk; ew;gjpNa vidg; ngw;w

rjhde;j ehfk;ikNa. ngw;wjha; ghu;f;fg; gps;isahd; tUe;jpg;

gpwg;ngd;Dk; rhfuj;jho ew;wt kpy;yh vd;ideP tpl;lhy;

epahaNkh ey;Yiuahfr; nrw;wtf; fiuap Nywpahd; ca;aj; Jizcid ad;wpahUsu;nrhy; fw;wtu;f; fpdpaha; eapdak; gjptho;

fz;kzp ehfG+\zpNa mk;gpif mkiy mupatu;f;nfl;lh

Muzp G+uzpnfsup ek;gpNdhu;f; fpd;gk; jUk;kNdhd;kzpNa

ew;wtNuh Lwthf ntk;gp thlhJd; fld;tpid ePf;fp

tpLtJd;fld; tpidePf;fpj; jk;gpuhd; Nkhd rw;FU Nghfk;

je;jUs; ehfG+\zpNa je;jUs; Qhdrhjdk; rj;jpak;

jtwpyh newpnghiw mwpT ge;jkhy; va;ahg;gf;jp Ngud;G

gfypuTd; mutpe;j me;jNk apy;yh mbapiz khwh

jUs;Gzu;e; Njhq;Few;wpahd rpe;ijaha; Nkhd Njrpfd; jpUj;jhs;

Nru;j;jUs; ehfG+\zpNa Nru;j;jUs; md;Nd jPtpidfopar;

n[ddK kuzKnkhopaf; fhj;jUs; vd;id epd;ifapy; je;Njd;

fUizNa xsptpop gug;gpg; ghu;j;jUs; <d;w gftjp Map

gq;faj;jhs; Kb#b ePj;jUs; ght epiynfl Nkhd

epiyaUs; ehfG+\zpNa ïªJ xË

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

1

ghtNk tpisAk; gho;tpidVJk;

gw;wplhjpUf;f epd;ghNy jhfNk kwthNjhu; epiygf;jp

jz;zsp tskUs; Qhd NahfNk cjtp cynfyhkPd;w

cj;jk Uf;Fw thfpg; ghfNk ePq;fhg; gukguhde;j

gjkUs; ehfG+\zpNa

6

2

fw;wtu;f; fpdpau; eapidak; gjptho;

fhuzpehuzd; jq;fha; kw;wt uwpah kufj tiuapd;

thkNk tsu;gRq; nfhbNa ew;wt NuhL Nrnaid ,Uj;jp

ehjehjhe;jKk; fhl;b Kw;Wkha; epiwe;j G+uzhde;j

Kj;jpjh ehfG+\zpNa

7

3

Kj;jpahq; fiuiag; gw;wp ehDa;a

Kd;djha; Kuziy Nkhjp tw;wplhkha thupjp ajdpy;

kaq;fp tPo;e;jho;e;jplh thW rj;jpaha;r rptkhaj;jdpg;guk; jhNd

jhDkha; epd;w jw;giuNa rpj;njyhk; ty;yha; Nrnaidf; fhj;jhs;

jpUkzp ehfG+\zpNa

8

4

fhj;njidahSk; fdfkhtiuNa

fkiyAk; fhiaAk; kUq;Nf ePj;jtu; mkuu; fUlnfe;jpUtu; epd;gzpGupgtu; md;Nd Ntu;j;jt uha;epd;Wapu;j; jpushl;L

tpidnayhk; gw;wp ePwhfg; ghu;j;jUs; tpopiag; gug;Gjp <d;w

ghu;g;gjp ehfG+\zpNa

9

ghu;g;gjpNaf gjpaud;gq;fp

gq;far; rpUl;b gy;Yapu;f;Fk; fhu;g;gjp gjpaha;f; fjpjUq;fh

jq;ifNa fUizkhflNy rPu;g;gjpahfpj; njspTw <d;w

Nrnad czu;j;jp <jJvd;Nw ghu;j;Jsuh jhz;llUs; GupQhd

mk;gpifNa ehfG+\zpNa

5 27

10

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

eÆid ehfG+\zp mk;kd; âUñŠrš $y$ k. mkuá§f¥ òyt® eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

mâÉda bkhLRkid aho fh£l

m‹ãdê âijRfªj tU¡f Ú£l eâíyî eÆidef® j‹Åš thG«

ehfgu nkÞtÇna ahO %Šrš. 06

fh¥ò Ó®ó¤j bj‹Åy§if j‹Å‹ nkî«

âiuó¤j fldÆid efÇš thG« V®ó¤j ehnfR tÇia¥ ngh‰¿

ïiró¤j brªjÄHhÿŠrš ghl M®ó¤j rilbksÈ audh ß‹w

mUŸó¤j t¿É¢ir bjhÊby‹ nwhJ« fh®ó¤j K«ik¤j fˉ¿‹ ghj«

fu«ó¤j ky®bfh©nl fUâ thœth«.

01

nfhyKW ituk¢ R£o ahl

FyîbkÊ‹ kh¡f¤ njhL khl thÈaK¤ jhubkhL kjh ahl

ta§Ftis bjhoíld§ fjK khl rhybthË® ghlfKŠ áy«ò khl

j©ilbahL ghjruª ja§» ahl PhyKf bkdÉs§F eÆid thG«

ehfgu nkÞtÇna ahO %Šrš. 07

gyndh§F br«gts§ fhšf shf

gf®itu u¤âdnk É£l khf Fyndh§F bt©lhs§ fÆw jhf

TwÇa kh¡f« gyif ahf tyndh§F _Šr‹Äir ÆÅJ it»

ky®kfS§ fiykfS« tlªbjh£ lh£l eyndh§F âUeÆid efÇš thG«

ehfgu nkÞtÇna ahO %Šrš. 02

KªJjt khj®Jâ T¿ ahl

KfkbdhL òd‹khj® K‹Å‹ whl tªjidnah Lufkl khj uhl

tiuÆYiw khjuo tz§» ahl fªjUt khjÇir gho ahl

fUjÇa òÉkhj® fËbfh© lhl eªJjtœ fHÅbr¿ eÆid thG«

ehfgu nkÞtÇna ahO %Šrš. 08

ctifbahL kyua‹ khš fu§fŸ T¥g

Xirk thÆy£l ghy® fh¥g jtkiwnah® ögbkhL Ôg§ fh£l

jhœªJfz ehj®òfœ khiy N£l mtÇlg JtrkfŸ thzª ö®¥g

mdªj‹KjYu f®bra brabt‹ wh®¥g eitaWÓ® eÆidef® j‹Åš thG«

ehfgu nkÞtÇna ahO %Šrš. 03

MuÂna a«ãifna ahO %Šrš

mªjÇna brsªjÇna ahO %Šrš óuÂna ò§fÉna ahO %Šrš

òuhjÅna òuhªj»na ahO %Šrš fhuÂna fhUÂna ahO %Šrš

f‹Åifna f©kÂna ahO %Šrš ehuÂna eha»na ahO %Šrš

ehfgu nkÞtÇna ahO %Šrš. 09

bfh«ãbdhL JoKuR KHth nkh§f

FilfSl dhyt£l« FGÄ nah§f J«òUeh uj®ntj Ñj« ghl

bjh©luf k»œªJRf thœî Tl t«gÉG ky®khÇ aku® bgŒa

tuKÅt uoguÉ ahá brŒa e«òko at®¡fUË eÆid thG«

ehfgu nkÞtÇna ahO %Šrš. 04

gÅtiuÆš tUKikna giuna ngh‰¿

gfUkw bk©zh‹F« ts®¤jhŒ ngh‰¿ jÅKjyh« gukÅl¤ jtns ngh‰¿

jz¥ãšgy r¡âto thdhŒ ngh‰¿ ïÅikÄF khuKnj fÅna ngh‰¿

v›îÆ®¡Fª jhah» ïUªjhŒ ngh‰¿ jÅFyî eÆidef® j‹Åš thG«

ehfgu nkÞtÇna ahO %Šrš. 10

m‹deil aÆuh fÉij jh§f

mÆiyÃf® ÉÊau«ig fshá naªj t‹dKiy íUtábt© ftÇ år

kÂbfhŸ»U jháfk© ly§if¡ bfhŸs Ä‹Åilnk difbtËiy ghF ešf

ÉaªJânyh¤ jikÉ»j eldŠ brŒa e‹daŠnr® eÆidef® j‹Åš thG«

ehfgu nkÞtÇna ahO %Šrš. 05

MthÊ aªjznuh lur® thÊ

mÇajt kfÃfkh fkK« thÊ jhÉšFy k§ifa®fŸ f‰ò« thÊ

irtrka KkwK« jiH¤J thÊ ghth®bt© ÙWgŠrh£ ruK« thÊ

ghoañŠ r‰wÄG« ghÇš thÊ ehty®fŸ òfœeÆid efU« thÊ

ehfgu nkÞtÇí« thÊ thÊ.

kâKfkh ÈÅgÅÚ® thrª öt

kÆiyÃf® Rnfrky uof Ùt ÉâKiwk§ fiyKjnyh uhyŠ R‰W

ntâa®j« kfË®Rg trdŠ rh‰w ïªJ xË

28

11

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

Njtp gQ;rfk;

ã ã ,y;ywQhdp f.,uhkr;re;jpuh ã ã tpz;zpUe;J Fz;nlwpAk; ntwpau; $l;lk; ã

NtNuhbg; Gtpiaapl;L kiwaNtz;Lk;> ã mz;zyhu; fhe;jp nrhd;d m`pk;rh ju;kk; eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mk;kd; ã

mtdpia Ms;gyUsj;ij MsNtz;Lk;> kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo; ã kz;Zyfpy; rNfhjuj;tk; kypaNtz;Lk; ã

kf;fnsy;yhk; tWikapd;wp thoNtz;Lk; ã ez;Zthu; jikf;fhf;f eapidNkTk;

ehfG+\zp mUs; eP ghypg;ghNa! 1 ã kzpj;jPg nkDk;eapid jPTedp ã thopajpy; kfpo;e;J Nfhapy; ã Rj;jhd;k rpj;jpngw;w JwNthu; %yk; gpzpg;gpwtp aWg;gjw;fhf nfhz;LtUk; ã

Rj;j rkur khu;f;fk; Jyq;fNtz;Lk;> mutzpe;j ngupahs; thop ã jj;Jt Qhdpau; $l;lk; jiof;fNtz;Lk;> fzpj;jpJNt Nguwnkd; wd;djhdk; ã

juzpKw;Wk; mbikapd;wp thoNtz;Lk;> nra;Ak; fUj;Njhu; thop ã rj;jpaKk; md;Gk; vq;Fk; gutNtz;Lk;> mzpj;njdNt ahu;f;Fkdk; jUk; mKj ã Rugpapy;yk; myu;e;J thop!

rfcapUk; xd;nwd;w jifikNtz;Lk; ã - mwpQu; fp.th. [fe;ehjd;> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah gj;jUld; Kj;ju;fSk; gzpe;JNghw;Wk;

guk jahgup mUs; eP ghypg;ghNa! 2 ã ã md;Gs ePu; mfnky;yhk; nghq;fg; nghq;f ã mwnkOe;J ngUQ;Nrit Mw;w> Mw;wj; vdf;nfd;Nwhu; jdptuk; ahd; Nfl;ftpy;iy> ã njhz;Lnrag; gy md;gu; Njhd;wj; Njhd;w

vd;dpdj;jhu; tho;nthd;Nw fUjtpy;iy> Njhw;W Ritr; Nrhwhf cz;z cz;zf; ã cdf;nfy;yh capu;fSNk nrhe;jnkd;w fz;LtUk; mbahu;fs; Mu;g;g Mu;g;g ã

cz;ikiaahd; xUNghJk; kwe;jjpy;iy fbaKj Rugpapdhs; Cl;l Cl;lf; ã rpdq;nfhz;L jPq;fpiof;Fe; jPau; jhKk; nfhz;L grp jPu;j;jtu;fs; Nfhb Nfhb ã

rPyKwNtz;L nkd;Nw Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd; NfhlhD fhynky;yhk; thop thop! ã jdf;nfhUt nuhg;gpy;yhj; jhNa! ,e;jj; - ftpQu; eh.f.rz;Kfehjgps;is > eapid

jhuzpapy; rhe;jpiaNa jUtha; ePNa! 3 ã ã ã Ke;ehspy; KUfDf;Fr; rf;jp aPe;jha;> ã

Kdptu;f;Fe; Njtu;fl;Fk; Kjd;ik aPe;jha;> Nahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujpahu; ã gpe;ehspy; rq;fuu;f;Fk; ngUik aPe;jha;> kq;fy kzk;guT kyu;jiyf; fhiyNghy; ã

Ngupd;gf; fhjy; tsk;ngUf itj;jha;>

kdkha tpUs; Nghf;Ftha; ã ,e;ehspy; ,uhkfpU\;zu; ukzu; Nghd;w khrpyhj; njd;wy;Nghy; te;njdJ Nrhu;tpid ã

,izaw;w Qhdpaiu cyFf; fPe;jha;>

khw;wpkd tPW jUtha; ã ,e;ehl;ilr; nrhe;jnkd;Dk; ,U ,dj;jhu; nghq; F jpiu ahopNghy; vd;Dsk; G+upf;fg; ã

,zq;fp tho;e;jplr; nra;jy; mupNjh md;dha;?4

nghJNtj Ku nrhypg;gha; ã Gz;gl;l neQ;rpNy ntz;gl;L epyntdg; ã mUStha; midj; Japu;f;Fk; md;idahfp

Nghe;J rhe;jk; mspg;gha;. ã

Ie;njhopy;fs; GupMjp rf;jpNa! epd; ã fUizapd;wp> fzf;fpyhf; f\;l Kw;Wf; nrq;fjpu; Qhapnwd NtnadJ rpj;jkpir ã

fjwpepw;Fk; capu;fSsj; jpd;W #o;e;j

jpt;a Qhdk; nghopFtha; ã ,Usfy topNaJk; ,y;iy nad;w ã rpq; f nkd tPuKk; jpU%yu; NahfKk;

<lw;w cWjpAld; ,e;j Vio ã

jpUf; Fwspd; tho;Tk; mUsha; cUfp epd;Wd; re;epjpapy; Nfl;lahTk; ã Jq;fkpF eapidapy; jq;fpNa Gtde;

cte;jspg;g Jd;fldhk; xg;gpy; jhNa! 5 ã

jidf;fhj;J mUs; md;idNa ã rjhrpt kNdhd; kzp rpjhfhr Xk;Rj;j (eapdhjPT ehfG+\zpak;kd;kPJ etuhj;jpup Njhj;jpukhf ã

rf; j pNa Nghw; wp! Nghw;wp! ,aw;wg;gl;l ,g;gQ;rfk; mj;Njtp re;epjhdj;jpy; ã 26-09-57> tpahof;fpoik khiy rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.)

‘mKjRugp’

kNdhd;kzp khiy

ïªJ xË

29

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

eÆdhÔî ehnfÞtÇa«ik gâf« eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

K¤J¡FkhU¥ òyt®

rªâuó uzu¤d j§fnfh l¡»Çl

j©Â‹w jtH t£l¤ jdgâia Ãf®k‹d uobjhH¢ rJu§f

jhidbtŸ s§fŸ NH¢ áªJu¥ gifikãl® Õoif ÆUªbj©o

rhKfK nkÆ iwŠr¤ njntªâu RfK‰ ¿U¥gt®f S‹ghj

nritòÇ gt®f s‹nwh kªâu fhuz %g% ghâát

kfkhÆ òtd neá thyRª jÇbfsÇ eÆidkhef®¡f©

it»aUŸ brŒí bkhUjhŒ eªJW fu‹ãuk d§fk f§fbshL

eŠr ãw§F fsnk ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(1)

Vuiz¤ âLkUj ntÈNœ eÆdh

btD«gâ áwªJ nkî« ahks brsªjß nfhks brh%ãna

uhrgu nkR tÇna ehuz‰bfhU rnfhjÇ ba‹d tªjUS«

ehf óõÙ ehuÙ ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(3) r¤âig uÉbfsÇ m¡fÂí K¡fÙ

rlhjÇ rlh£r u¤â r§fÇ Rk§fÈ kj§»aU s«ãif

rîªjÇ r©l r©o c¤jÄ auhgiu kndh‹k áthdªâ

íikÆika Kjî k§if cyFjî k‹idah kisbgh‹Å d«gyt

UlÅl k»œî nkî« Ã¤âafš ahÂrh« gÉòtd bfskhÇ

Ãkykf khÆ ba‹nw beŠášÃj KªÃidî jªJid tz§ftU

Ëdo at®¡ fUSthŒ e¤Jyî R¤jk baŒJeÆ dhefÇš

ehSKiw ahÊ‹ bkhÊna ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(4)

nrhL‰w etu¤d F¥ãí« nkÈ£l

bjh§fY« m»y shÉ¢ brhU»£l bfh©ilíŠ R£oí« ky®¡ifahš

bjh£o£l áªö uK« njhL‰w bfhªjsf kufj¥ bfh¥òkh®

JizÉÊÆ byGJ ikí« Jfs‰w bt©lus KUFe‰ gtsthŒ¤

JtUbkhË® eËd KfK« njL‰w br§fky bgh‰gjK kHfhd

âUîUî k¿É dhny bjÇá¡f tUlªJ Úlhí S«bgUŠ

bršt Kªju nt©LÚ ehL‰w gytsK KiwíbkÊš eÆdh

ef®¡f© kUî§ bfsÇna ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(2)

MfkJ TŤ js®ªJnuh k«btS¤

ij«òy bdhL§» nkyh« mwtʤ ijnk byGªjÔ j¤âDÆ

uQFk¡ fhiy jÅny ntfbt§ flikÆl® beËatU Pkbd‰F

ÉLfÆW KL» aLK‹ Éidnaid aŠrby‹ WdJeh afUl‹

btŸis ÉilÛ nj¿na ghfKw tªJË woikbfh© blidí«Ú

ghJfh¤ jUs nt©L« ig§Fiy¤ bj§»sŠ nrhiybr¿ eÆidef®

g©ò bfh©Liw bršÉna ehfkl® jhUbtd nkÉKÅ nth®fSiw

ehotU nfhg Élkh® ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(5)

Muz¤ JgÃlj t¡fu¤ bjhÅah»

ahfhr t£l kh» mWnfhz ÄUnfhz K¡nfhz eh‰nfhz

kh»Ãw ikªJ kh»¡ fhuz¤ JUth» aUth» ahîkhŒ¡

fh¡FK‹ bgUik baËnjh fUiz¥ãu thfkh khdªj btŸs§

fáªö Wng uhÊna ïªJ xË

30

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ

Mya tuyhw;Wf; fl;lq;fs;; - xU ghh;it iyld;jPT> fhiujPT> vOitjPT> mdiyjPT> Gq;FLjPT> neLe;jPT> vd;gtw;NwhL eapdhjPTk; Nrh;e;J rg;jjPTfs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J neLe;jT P nry;Yk; flw;ghijapy; eLehafkhfj; njd;Nky; jpirapy; 20iky; njhiytpy; cs;s ,j;jt P hdJ jdJ fiuapd; Fwpfhl; b ahf ehfG+\zpak; i kapd; vopyhh; e ; j NfhGuj; j pidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. “xk;rf;jp rf;jp” vd;W fly; miyfs; rg;jpj;Jj; Jjpghl cja #hpadpd; ntz;nghw;fjph;fs; NfhGuj;jpd; kPJ glh;e;J gspr;nrd xsp tPr nja;tPfj;jpd; jpUtUNs ,J vd tpag;Gw md;id ehfG+rzp> eapidapNy mUshl;rp nrYj;jptUfpd;whs; kh‰¿‰ áwªjbgh‰ Fitba‹d ts®rhÈ

taȉ »lªj e¤j« kilƉ wtœªnj¿ kidƉ òFªJHt®

kidK‹¿ äD K¤ij M‰¿‰ áwªâl¤ j©Ly§ fisíÚ®

mŸË¥ òw¤â‹ nkÉ mUF‰w nrhiyÆD ÄFJ‰w thÉÆD

kuɪj nthilf ËD« fh‰¿‰ áwªJyî fhšbfh© Lyht¡

fa‰f©Â tªJ nkhj¡ fK»Å‰ bw§»Å‰ fjÈÆš tU¡ifƉ

fÅí klYŠ áj¿na eh‰¿‰F nkfkG kJkhÇ brhÇíeÆ

dhefÇ z©Q Kikna ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(6)

m«òa klªija uu«iga® taªjGî

kÇaet r¡â fbsyh k‹ãbdhL bjh©Lbrí Kªjdu ɪjgj

kªjÃHš jªj USthŒ e«ãtU bjh©l®bgw k§fy ÄFªjeÆ

dhefÇ d©Q Kikna ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(8) fªjhd brháa¢ ád¡F« flhjl¡

ifkiy Kf¤ jîzid¡ fhšbfh© Lij¤Jt‹ nwhYǤ J¥ngh®¤j

fhj yidk‹ whona Kªjhj u¤âbdhL ÄUehÊ be‰bg‰W

KoÉyh JÆ®f SŒa K¥gª âu©lwª j‹idíj Éat‹id

_îyF Úah ifahš á¤jh Fy§bfh©L âÇaeh‹ Kiwnah

âdªâ d«brhy nt©Lnkh âUîs Äu§»na r‰W‹ fil¡f©

âU¥ã dhšbtF ghunkh eªjhj tuKjî e§ifna eÆdh

ef®¡f© kUî« bfsÇna ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(9)

t‹fa kU¥bgd ÃÄ®ªjo gU¤âW»

kÂth uW¤J É«Ä t£lÄ£ blGF«g KiyKf§ fh£oÆU

kfuÉÊ tiy åána Ä‹fa kj‹rhYŸs É£lil¤ JsbgU

btW¡ifia¥ g‰¿ na‰F« ntáa® jd¡foik brŒÉ¡F bk‹idK‹

Éidü¿ aUS jîthŒ bgh§»L beLªâiu¥ òzÇeh‰ ¿irí«

bghUªjeL nkÉ íy»‰ òfœbgUF eÆidkh efÇÅ ÈUªJÄF

òJikjU òÅj jhna e‹»a És«ãiwbah blh‹iwnt© o¢roy

e©bfh© oL eŠ Rkh® ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(7)

Ó®j§F j©Rid bad¢nr® kd¤â‰

¿is¤J¡ FiH¤ jU«ò« brŠruz fŠrky® jŠrbkD bk‹ò‹

áu¡fŠr Ûâš it¤nj V®j§F ešyU£ ngWjÉ beŠr¤

âL¡f© jÉ®¤J mŠnrš v‹WK‹ Ëbwk¡ Ñnl‰w Kjîth®

ahU‹id Æ‹¿ a«kh ng®j§F k»yh©ltL¡Fkâ ÿWbghU£

ãÇîŠ ruhru bkD« ngUÆ®f SªjªJ ghJfh¤ jUSK‹

bgUikah« ghl btËnjh eh®j§F r‰Fz¤ bjh©lUa bt‹WeÆ

dhefÇ d©Q Kikna ehfk í«guk® ghfKW nkfát

ehf <ÞtÇ a«ikna.

(10)

r«òát r§fu âf«gu el«òÇ

rk®¤jhâ ahâ aha j‰gu kâ¢roy K¡Fz rJ®¥òa

rjhát áth átha v¥guk bt‹Wgâ bd©fzK Ä«gU

ÄiwŠátU fzt Ulnd 炙j Kl‹fÆiy j§»íiw a«ãifÆ

Å‹òf Êa«g btËnjh ïªJ xË

eapdhjPT

= ehfG+\zp mk;kd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjo;

31

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

ehty® g¡f«

ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; topapy;

Md;kPf vOr;rp khkd;wj;jpd; mWgjhtJ Mz;L epiwitnahl;b fle;j tUlk; (2015) [_iy khjk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; eilngw;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;bd; Muk;g ehs; epfo;tpy; nrQ;nrhw;nry;th; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; Mw;wpa rpwg;Gr; nrhw;nghoptpd; njhFg;G. ,e; j kz; z py; irtj; i jg; gw; w p rpe; j pg; g jw; F tpj; j pl; l th; ehtyh; ngUkhd; . ey; i y efh; ehtyh; ngUkhd; ,y;iy vd;why; ,d;W irtg;ghlrhiyfs; ,Ue;jpUf;f tha;g;gpy;iy. irt Mrphpa fyhrhiyfs; cUthfpapUf;f tha;g;G ,y;iy. irtg; gpurq;fq;fs; eilngWtjw;Fk;, irtg; ghuk;ghpaq;fis gz;ghLfis FLk;gq;fs; gpdg; w;Wtjw;Fk; tha;gg; pyy ; hky; NghapUf;Fk;. me;j ngUk; nja;tkfd; ehtyh; ngUkhd; topfhl;ba ghijjhd; ,d;iwf;Fk; vk;kplj;jpy; vr;rkhf ,Uf;fpd;w tplak;.

r%fk; ,e;j ehl;bNy ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ehtyh; ngUkhd; ,tw; i wnay; y hk; KbTf; F nfhz; L tuNtz; L k; vd vLj;j Kaw;rpapy; mth; ,sk; tajpduhf ,Ue;Jk; ntw;wpfz;lhh;. ehtyh; rpej; idiag; gpdg; w;wp, gpdd ; hNy te;jth;fs; ehtyh; ghijapy; nrd;wjdhy;, ehtyh; fz;l gy fdTfs; gpd;dhspy; edthfpd. ,d;iwf;F me;j edTfs;, mWtilfisnay;yhk; ghJfhg;gJ vg;gb vd;W rpe;jpf;fNtz;ba epiyapy; ,Uf;fpNwhk;.

Mq; f pNyah; f s; nfl; b j; j dkhf fy; t piaf; nfhLj;J, kf;fis kjk; khw;wpte;j epiyapy;, ,jw;F KbTfl;lNtz;Lk; vd;W ehtyh; ngUkhd; tpUk;gpdhh;.

Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah;, xy;yhe;jh; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpd; NghJ gy Nfhapyf; s; mopff; g;gl;l epiyapy,; fPhpkiy eFNy];tuk; fy;Nklhf ,Ue;jJ. jpUf;NfjP]t ; uk; fhlhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. aho; g ; g hzj; j py; vj; j idNah Nfhapy; f s; mopj; j ,lj;jpNy Njthyaq;fs; epkph;e;J epd;wd. md;W ey;Yhh; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; ,Ue;j ,le;jhd; Kj;jpiur;re;ij gFjpapy; ,d;Ws;s Njthyak;. ,e;jj; Jd;gq;fSf;Fg; gjpy; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidj;j ehtyh; ngUkhd; “vy;yPUk; Gwg;gLtPh;; rkaj;ij vOr;rpfhz itg;gPh;; vq;fs; irtj;jkpoh;fSila nrhj;Jf;fisnay;yhk; mopj;Jtpl;lhh;fs; mtw;iw kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F Gwg;gLq;fs;” vd;W, fy;Nklhf ,Ue;j fPhpkiy Rw;whlypy; eFNy];tuj; jpUg;gzpf;F xU gpuRuj;ij ntspapl;L, fPhpkiyapNy xU vOr;rpia Vw;gLj;jpath; ehtyh;.

<oj;J irtj;jpd; tuyhw;iw nrhy;Yfpd;wth;fs; ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; fhyk; vd;gJ xU kWkyh;r;rp fhyk; vd;ghh;fs;. kd;dh;fs; rkaj;ij tsh;j;j fhynky;yhk; Ngha;, xU iel;bf gpuk;kr;rhhpahd ,isQd;, jdJ tho;it mh;g;gzpj;J ,e;j ehl;bNy irtkj vOr;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaij vtUNk kwe;JtplKbahJ. kd;dh;fs; jhq;fs; nra;j rhjidfis fy;ntl;bNy vOjpapUg;ghh;fs;. ,y;iynad;why; kd;dh;fSila tuyhw;iw xt;nthU ehLfSk; VNjhnthU tifapy; nrhy;ypfn; fhz;bUf;Fk;.

Mdhy; xU jdpkdpjd; , Ik; g j; j hW taJ kl; L k; , e ; j k z ; z p N y tho;e;j xUth; vt;tsNth tha; g ; G trjpfisnay; y hk; cjwptpl; L gpuk; k r; r hpa tho;f;ifapypUe;J RNjrpfSf;fhf irtg;ghlrhiyia cUthf;fp, epWtd hPjpahf rkaj;ij tsh;f;fNtz;Lk; vd;W vLj;j Kaw;rpapDila mWtiljhd; ,e;j rig, ,d;iwf;F ,Uf;fpdw ; Nfhapy; topghL, Njthuk; jpUthrfk; ghLfpdw ; Kiw, tpsf;Nfw;Wjy; Nghd;witahFk;. ,e;jg; ghuk;ghpanky;yhk; vr;rkhf ,Ug;gjw;F ehtyh; jhd; fhuzk;. me;j ehtyh; ngUkhd; fhl;ba ghijapy; rka Md;kPf vOr;rpia vg;gb Vw;gLj;jyhk; vd;gJ gw;wp rpy fUj;Jf;fisr; nrhy;tJ nghUj;jkhdJ.

jpUf; N fjP ] ; t uk; fhlhfpg; NghapUe; j epiyapy; , NfhapypUe;j ,lk; vq;Nf vd;W njhpahkypUe;jNghJ, fyg;igapdhNy cOj ,lj;jpy; rpy vOe;jUsp tpff; pufq;fs; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lJ njhlh;ghd nra;jpia Nkhh;dpq; ];uhh; vd;w gj;jphpifapy; gbj;j ehtyh; jpLf;Fw;whh;. “,Jjhd; khNjhl;l ed;dfh;.Njd; nghe;njhd;W mfg;gl;L tpl;lJ. ghly;ngw;w jyk; me;jg; gw;iwf;Fs;jhd; ,Uf;fpdw ; J. irt kf;fNs Gwg;gLq;fs;, jpUf;NfjP];tuj;ij kPl;nlLg;Nghk;” vd;W ehtyh; ntspapl;l gpuRuKk;, mtuJ Kaw;rpAk; jhd; ,d; i wf; F Ie; J Njh; XLfpd; w jpUf; N fjP ] ; t u jpUj;jykhff; fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ.

ehtyh; ngUkhDila fhyk; ,e;j ehl;bNy me;epah; Ml;rpnra;j fhyg;gFjp. ehtyh; ngUkhd; fhyj;jpYk; Mq;fpy Nkhfk; ,Ue;jJ. ehfhpfj;jpd; gf;fkhf jpUk;gpg;Nghfpd;w ghh;it ,Ue;jJ. gpwrkaj;jpNy Ngha;r; Nrh;e;jhy; cah;e;j gjtp fpilf; F k; vd; g jw; f hf tP l ; L f; F s; N s irtk; ntspNa ,d;ndhU rkakhf tho;e;J Vkhw;Wfpd;w xU ïªJ xË

32

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

rkar; nrhw;nghoptpd; ghuk;ghpak; ,e;j ,Ugj;njhuhk; Ehw; w hz; b y; kpfg; n ghpa mstpy; tsh; e ; j pUf; f Ntz;Lk;.

“vq;fSf;F nrhe;jg; gs;spf;$lk; Ntz;Lk; vdNt ey; y jpl; l kply; Ntz; L k; ” vd; W me; j ,isQd; epidj;jjpd; tpisTjhd; 1848,y; rpwpa nfhl;bypy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l KjyhtJ irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiy. ,JNt ,e;j ehl;by; ,d;iwf;F neLe;jPtpypUe;J gJis tiuapy; ,Uf;fpd;w irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyfs; cUthFtjw; F Kd; N dhbahf xU jdpkdpjdhy; mikf;fg;gl;l ghlrhiyahFk;.

,e;j ehl;bNy, ,e;j kz;zpNy irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; vOr;rpngw tplhky; ehq;fs; nksdpj;jpUf;f KbahJ. midtUk; rkaj;jpd; kPJk;, jha;nkhopkPJk; gw;Wilath;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehtyh; mj;jifa gw; i w Cl; L tjw; f hf jd; tho; i t mh; g ; g zpj; j th; . gpd;dhspy; ehtyh; topte;j ,e;JNghh;l; ,uh[uj;jpdk;, irtg; n ghpahh; rptghjRe; j udhh; , Nrh; fe; i jah itj; j paehjd; , rptj; j kpo; r ; nry; t p jq; f k; k h mg;ghf;Fl;b tiuapyhd gyh; jpahfk; nra;J tsh;j;j xU ghuk;ghpak; ,Uf;fpwJ. me;jg; ghuk;ghpak; ,d;W Nfhapy;fspYk; ,y;iy; gs;spj; jyq;fspYk; ,y;iy; gy;fiyf;fofq;fspYk; ,y;iy; vq;fs; rKjhaj;jpd; czh;TfspYk; ,y;iy. ,e;j epiyikia khw;Wtjw;F ehtyh; topapNy xU vOr;rp Vw;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. ehtyh; vd; d Nehf; f j; j pw; f hf ghlrhiyj; j pl; l j; i j cUthf;fpdhNuh, ehtyUf;Fg; gpd;dhNy xt;nthU ];jhgfh;fSk; me;je;jg; ghlrhiyapd; Nehf;fk; vJthf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W mjid Muk;gpj;jhh;fNsh, me;jg; ghuk;ghpaj;jpypUe;J ehk; filrp tiuAk; tpyff;$lhJ.

gj;njhd;gjhk; Ehw;whz;bNy trjpfs; ,y;yhj fhyj;jpy; ehtyh; ngUkhd; Jzpe;J xU ghlrhiyiaf; fl;b, ghlj;jpl;lj;ij cUthf;fp, Gj;jfq;fis jhNd mr;rpl;L, jd;dplk; fw;f te;jth;fis Mrphpah;fshfg; gad;gLj;jp gzpnra;jth;. ,Ztpy;, Nfhg;gha;, GNyhyp Nghd; w gy ,lq; f spnyy; y hk; jkpo; g ; ghlrhiyfs; Njhw;wk; ngwj;njhlq;fpd. ehsiltpy; fy;tpkhd;fs;, nry;te;jh;fisg; ghh;j;J “Mq;fpyf; fy;Yhhpfis cq;fs; fpuhkq; f spy; njhlf; F q; f s; . Mq; f pyf; fy; t pf; f hf irtj;jkpo; kf;fs; kjk; khWfpwhh;fs;; Qhd];ehdk; ngWfpwhh;fs;.” vd ehtyh; tpLj;j Ntz;LNfhs;jhd; gy Mq;fpyg; ghlrhiyfs; cUthFtjw;F fhuzkhf mike;jJ. ehtyh; ngUkhDf;F me;jr; rpe;jidfs; Vw; g lhkYk; , mth; mjw; f hd eltbf; i ffisAk; vLf;fhJ tpl;bUe;jhy;, ,d;W ehl;by; irtg;ghlrhiyfs; vd;W ,Ue;jpUf;f tha;g;gpy;iy.

ehtyhpd; rpe;jidfis thoitf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;, Nfhapy;fspYk; rhp, gs;spj;jyq;fspYk; rhp, vq;fs; gz;ghLfis ehk; fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lk;. ehtyh; topapy; Md;kPf vOr;rpia, rka tsh;r;rpia cUthf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; ,e;j ehl;bNy ,Uf;fpd;w nry;te;jh;fs; fy;ahz kz;lgq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf, gy;fiyf;foff; fy; Y hhpfisAk; , ,e; J g; gy; f iyf; f ofj; i jAk; mikj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Jha rpe;jidAk;, tphpe;j Nehf;Fk;, mh;g;gzpg;Gk; kpf;f ehtyh; ngUkhd;, jd; tho;itNa nfhLj;Jr; nra;j rhjidapd; mWtilia re;jpjJ ; f;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,t;Ntisapy,; ehKk; fhj;jpukhd gzpfisr; nra;tJ fhyj;jpd; NjitahftpUf;fpwJ.

ehtyh; ngUkhd; ,y; i ynad; w hy; vq; f s; rkaj;jpDila epiyikia nrhy;yKbahJ. md;W mth; nra;j ey;y fhhpaq;fSf;F, ,d;iwa ,Ugj;njhuhk; Ehw;whz;bNy thOfpdw ; ehq;fs; vd;d nra;Njhk;? mth; Njb itj;jtw;iwAk;, mth; Nkw;nfhz;l xt;nthU eltbf; i fiaAk; ehk; jpUk; g pg; ghh; f ; f Ntz; L k; . ehtyh; rpe;jidapy; cUthfpa irtg;ghlrhiyfs; ,d;iwf;F FUg+irfis iftpl;Ltpl;lhh;fs;. xUfhyk; rka vOr;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ FUg+irfs;. xU fhyk; rka czh;it cUthf;fpaJ nrhw;nghopTfs;. me;jr;

khkd;wk; tho;j;JfpwJ 90MtJ mfit epiwitf; fhZk;

rptj;jpU v];. Rg;gpukzpak; nrl;bahu; mtu;fSf;F Rfeyj;ijAk; jP;h;f;fhAisAk; Ntz;b vy;yhk;ty;y rptfhkp mk;ghs; rNkj = eluh[g; ngUkhd; ghjhutpe;jq;fisg; gzpe;J gpuhu;j;jpj;J epw;fpd;Nwhk;.

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; ïªJ xË

33

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

Éòyhdªj® g¡f«

Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfh;

Rthkp tpGyhde;j mbfshhpd;

nghd; nkhopfs; Mz;ltdJ NguUspidg; ngWtjw;F fy;tpapYk; jpahdk; rpwe;jJ> epaha thjj;jpDk; neL%r;R rpwe;jJ> ftpkhhpapDk; fz;zPh; khhp rpwe;jJ> Ehyhuha;r;rpapDk; topghL rpwe;jJ> kz;Nzhf;fpa rpe;ijapDk; thNdhf;fpa rpe;ij rpwe;jJ vd cz;ik mwpQh; ciuj;J epw;gh;.

kdpj rf;jpia tpUj;jp nra;J fhhparpj;jpiag; ngw tpUk;gpa kdpjd;> Kjw;gbahf fhkk;> Nfhgk; Mfpa ,uz;bidAk; mlf; F jy; Ntz; L k; . gpwh; nghUis fhQ; r puk; gonkdf; fUJjy; Ntz;Lk;. gpwd; kidtpia fdtpYk; epidj;jy; $lhJ.

nfhiy $lhnjd; g jw; F g; gpujhd fhuzk; mg; g htj; j hy; Jd; g k; tUnkd; g jd; W > mJ kdj;ij ,uf;fkw;wjhfr; nra;J mbf;fb jPa miyfs; vOk; ,lkhfr; nra;Ak; vd;gJ jhd;.

mUnshOf;fk; ngUfpa top>ntWg;G> ntFsp vd;Dkpit jhNkafy; t dthk; mUs; epiwe; j cs; s j; j pDs; N s mr;rk;> ftiy> nghwhik> Jd;gk;> kpb> Nyhgk; vd;gd xU rpwpJk; Gfkhl;lh.

md;dj;ijg; ngwhj $ly; mWgJ ehl;fSf;F epiyj;jpUj;jy; $Lnkd;gh; md;gpidg; ngwhj cah; fzg;nghOjhapDk; epiyj;jpUf;fkhl;lhJ. md;Ng cly;> caph; ,uz;bw;Fk; MjhukhtJ.

ekf;F NguoNfh> ngUQ; nry;tNkh> ngUk; gjtpNah ,y;iy vd;why; mJ ek; ghf;fpak; Vndd;why; mtw;iwf; nfhz;L kw;wth;fisf; f\;lg;gLj;jNth ehk; njhy;iyg;glNth Ntz;Ltjpy;iy.

md;gpw;Fg; gpwg;gplKk; mwptpw;Fr; rpwg;gplKkhd <rdplk; nrd;wtUila mtjhujpfj;ij ehk; nfhz; l hLtjhy; > ek; kdKk; mg; n ghpahUila Qhdj;ijAk; Mde;jj;ijAk; milaKaYfpwJ.

,t;Tyfj;jpy; milaf; $ba Nkd;ik xd;Nw mJ rj;jpaKk; eLepyikAk; nfhz;L> ngha;ahplKk; mePjp nra;thplKk; ntWg;gpd;wp md;Gld; ele;J nfhs;tNj.

%d;W NghJk;> nka;awpTld; vz;zq;fis kdj;jpy; nfhs;tJ> jiliaf; fz;L ntWg;Gf; nfhz;L Ngha;tplhky; cgfhukhd nray;fis nra;tJ> jd; MjPdkpy;yhky; mjd;Nky; gpufhrpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ; apUf;f Ntz;Lk;. jhNd epfOk; epfo;r;rpfisj; jpUg;jpAld; mq;fPfhpg;gJ ntspr;rk; CLUtpr; nry;ytplhky; VNjDk; jLj;jhy; ey;yJ. mjd; nraNy mJtd;wp gpufhrpf;Fk; fpuzq;fspd; jtwd;W

ve;j msTf;F kdq;fyq;fhky; ,Uf;fpwhNah me;j msTf;Fr; rf;jp cz;lhFk;.

Mz;ikaw;wtNd Jaug;gLthd;> rpdk; nfhs;thd;> rpdKk; JauKk; nfhs;gtd; f\;lj;ij jhq;fp epw;fkhl;lhd;> Njhy;tpailthd;.

eLT epiyapNy epw;fpw rpy kdpjh;fs; khj;jpuk;> cs;Ns kdj;jpYk; ntspNa cyfj;jpYs;sKs;s FzFw;wq;fis cs;sgb mwpfpwhh;fs;. cz;ikawpT xUtDila eLT epiyikapNy ntFJhuk; jq;fp epw;fpwJ.

nfl;l vz;zq;fisg; Nghf;Ftjw;F ey;y vz;zq;fis vz;ZtJ top> giftdJ gifikia kwg;gjw;Fj; NjhodJ md;ig epidg;gJ top> ,Uis ePf;f tpsf;iff; nfhz;L tUtJjhNd top.

Gwk;$Wtjpdhy; Mj;k rf;jp e\;lg;gLtNjad;wp va;Jfpd;w gyd; gpwpnjhd;wpy;iy Mjypdhy;, vt;nttUk; Gwq;$whikiaf; iff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

ïªJ xË

34

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

nahf® RthÄfŸ g¡f«

aho;g;ghzj;J rpj;jh; rptNahf Rthkpfs; fle;j khjk; (Nk) 29Mk; jpfjp jtj;jpU rptNahfRthkpfspd; n[dd jpdkhFk;. ,jidnahl;b ,e;jg;gf;fk; mtuJ tho;f;if tuyhw;Wr; RUf;fj;jpidj; jUfpwJ. Kiw Ntz;bf; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;;l gpwF ,Yg;ig kuj;Jf;F mz;ikapy; mbath;fshy; mtUf;F vd mikf;fg;gl;l xU rpW Fbirapy; Nahfh;Rthkpfs; jq;fpdhh;. ,J 1914 Mk; Mz;lstpy; epfo;e;jJ. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; jdJ tho;tpd; mLj;j Ik;gJ Mz;LfisAk; fpLFfshy; Ntag;gl;l me;jr; rpW Fbirapy; fopj;jhh;. njhlf;fj;jpNy mZFtjw;F Kbahjtuhf ,Ue; j hh; . Mdhy; fhyg; N ghf; f py; rpy mbath;fis mUfpy; tu mDkjpj;jhh;.kpf tpiutpy; me;jf; nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; nfhl;by; ,yq;if KOtjw;Fk; mUs; toq;Fk; Md;kPfj; jpUTUtj;jpd; Mr;rpukkhf khwpaJ. tho; t pd; gy Jiwfisr; rhh; e ; j kf; f Sk; ,f;Fbirf;F te;jdh;.

,yq; i f xU rptG+kp vd; g J jpU%yh; thf; F . rpj;jh;fs; cyhtpa rpwg;Gila ehL. ifyhr guk;giuapd; ,J rpj;jh;fs; elkhba aho;g;ghzj;jpNy khtpl;lGuk; vd; D k; fpuhkj; j pNy 1872 Mk; Mz; L Nk khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjp Nahfehjd; vDk; rptNahf Rthkpfs; gpwe;jhh;. ,sk; tajpNyNa jhia ,oe;j Nahfehjd; aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F mz;ikapy; cs;s nfhOk;Gj;Jiw vd; D k; fpuhkj; j py; tho; e ; j mtuJ je; i japd; rNfhjhpahy; tsh;f;fg;gl;lhh;.fy;Yhhpapy; Nahfehjd; gapd;w fhyj;jpNyNa tpNtfpaha;j; jhk; gapd;wtw;iw Vida khzhf;fh;fSf;F tpsf;Fk; Fl;bg; gpurq;fpahfTk; ,Ue;jhh;. jdJ fy;Yhhpg; gbg;ig epiwT nra;J nfhz;L mth; fpspnehr; r p ,uizkL eP h ; g ; g hrd jpl; l j; j py; gz; l frhiyg; nghWg; g hsuhfg; flikahw; w pdhh; . mg;NghJ jd; Xa;T Neuk; KOtijAk; rkag;gapw;rpapy; nrytpl;lhh;. jpahdk;> jpUKiw ghuhazk; Nghd;w Md;kPf rhjidfis Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. Md;kPf rhjid mtiu <h;f;fNt ,Wjpapy; jdJ Kg;gjhtJ tajpy; Ntiyapy; ,Ue;Jk; tpyfp jdJ tho;it KOikahf Md;kPf rhjidapy; <LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;.

neLe;J}uj;jpypUe;J tUk; ahj;jphpfh;fSk; jpdk; tUk; may; gf;jh;fSk; Mrhdpd; jpUtbapd; fPo; xd;W $b mq;F tphpf;fg;gl;Ls;s gha; kPJ mkh;e;jpUg;ghh;fs;. nghJthf mtuJ Mr;rpukj;jpwF ; khiy Neuj;jpNyNa gf;jh;fs; tUtJ tof;fk;. irt khh;ff; k; gw;wpAk; gz;ilf;fhy Kdpth;fs; Qhdpfs; gw;wpAk; Ntjhe;j rpj;jhe;j jj;Jtj;jpd; jdJ Nfhl;ghLgw;wpAk; mth; NgRthh;. MrhDk; mbath;fSk; Nrh;e;J gf;jpg; ghly;fisg; ghLth;. jdJ nkd;ikahd Fuypy; mth; ghLthh; . Mo; e ; j tp~aq; f s; Fwpj; J k; cyfpay; tp\aq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; mth; NgRthh;. my;yJ mbath;fSld; nksdj;jpy; Mo;e;jpUg;ghh;. jd;dplk; tUgth; f Sf; F vy; y hk; rdhjd jh; k j; j pd; mopahj cz;ikfis Nahfh; Rthkpfs; typAWj;jp te;jhh;. mbath;fSf;F mth; toq;fpa fl;lisfs; egUf;F egh; khWgLk;. nghJthd xU ghpfhuj;ij mth; jUtjpy;iy. ahUf;F vJ NjitNah mijj; Jy;ypakhf mUspdhh;. xUtUf;F Nahf rhjidia toq;Fthh;. kw;wtUf;F gf;jpiaAk; cghridiaAk; fw;gp;g;ghh;. tpahjpf;F Vw;w kUe;J vd;W Rthkpfs; $WtJz;L. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mbath; f s; rfpjk; gyKiw ,e; j pahTf; F jpUj; j y ahj;jpiufisAk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.

mf;fhyj;jpy; ey;Y}h; Njubapy; tho;e;j nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; ngUikia mwpe;j Nahfehjd; xUehs; Rthkpfisj; jhprpg;gjw;fhf ey;YhUf;Fr; nrd;whh;. jdJ rw;FUit Kjd;Kjypy; re;jpj;jJ Fwpj;J mth; gpd;dh; gy ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fspy; mofhff; $wpAs;shh;.

Njubapy; Nahfehjdpd; nrtpfspy; xypj;jit 'Mulh eP? NjulhTs;! jPulh gw;W". kiyj;J epd;w rPlidg; ngUq; fUizNahL Nehf;fpa rw;FUehjd; 'cd;idj;jhd; ghh;j;jpUe;Njd;. cdf;Nf gl;lk; #l;lg; Nghfpd;Nwd;. th th" vd;W mUfpyioj;J md;NghL Qhd cgNjrk; mUspdhh;. md;W Kjy; Ie;J Mz;L fs; nry;y g;g h RthkpfSld; tho;e;J fLk; jtk; Mw;wpa Nahfehjd; jdJ rw;FUtplkpUe;J jPl;ir ngw;W Nahfh; Rthkpfs; Mdhh;. gpd; jdJ FUtpd; fl;lisg;gb Nahfh; Rthkpfs; fhy;eilahf fjphf; hk ahj;jpiu Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. Xuhz;L fhyk; ,yq;if KOtijAk; ghjahj;jpiuahf mth; Rw;wp te;jhh;. ghj ahj;jpiuia Kbj;Jf;nfhz;L FUtplk; jpUk;gp te;j Nahfh; Rthkpfisg; ghh;j;Jr; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; 'Nahfh ,uz;L ahidfs; xU Kidapw; fl;l KbahJ. eP nfhOk;Gj;Jiwr; re;jpapy; ,Yg;ig ku Ntiu ghh;"; vd;whh;.

nts;is Ntl;bAk; rhy;itAk; kl;LNk Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mzpe; j pUg; g hh; . cah; e ; j Njhw; w Kk; MNuhf;fpakhd jpUNkdpAKila Nahfh; Rthkpfs; aho; g ; g hzj; J tP j pfs; topahfTk; tay; ntspfspDhlhfTk; jpdKk; gy iky; f s; Jhuk; elg;ghh;.jdJ ntz;ikahd jhbAk; jiyKbAk; #hpa ntspapy; gpufhrpf;f fWg;Gf; FilAld; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; aho; Flhehl;L tPjpfspy; fk;gPu eilAld; gtdp tUtJ fz; nfhs; s hf; fhl; r pahf ,Uf; F k; . jpdKk; #hpa cjaj;Jf;F Kd; vOe;J jdJ Fbirapy; jpUtb topghL nra;thh;. gy Nkiyj;Njrj;jth;fs; $l Rthkpfisj;

jdJ FUtpd; fl; l isg; g b Nahfh; Rthkpfs; nfhOk;Gj;Jiwr; re;jpapy; ,Ue;j ,Yg;ig kuj;jbapy; gy ehl; f shf jpahd epiyapy; mkh; e ; j pUe; j hh; . gy ïªJ xË

35

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

jhprpf;f te;jdh;. mbath;fs; tho;tpy; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; Ghpe;j mw;Gjq;fNsh Vuhsk;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,e;j mw;Gj epfo;r;rpfs; gy nkhopfspYk; Ehy;fshf mbath;fspdhy; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sd.

aho; g ; g hzj; j py; rpt njhz; l d; vd; D k; Md; k P f epiyaj;ij epWtpdhh;. Rthkpfspd; tpUg;gg;gb gpd;dh; kl;lf;fsg;gpYk; Xh; rptnjhz;ld; epiyak; epWtg;gl;lJ. ,d;W yz;ld; efhpYk; rptnjhz;ld; epiyak; rpwg;Gwg; gzpahw;Wfpd;wJ. irt rkaj;ij Nkiyj;Njrq;fspy; gug; G tJ gw; w pAk; fpof; F Nkw; F ,ilNa xU ghyk; mikg;gJ Fwpj;Jk; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mbf;fb $wp te;jhh;. md; W irtrkak; NkNyhq; f p Nt&d; w p epw; g jw; F tpj;jpl;lth; Nahfh; Rthkpfs;. miu Ehw;whz;LfSf;F Nkyhf aho;gg; hzj;jpNy jdpgn; gUk; Kdptuhf mUshl;rp Ghpe;J te;j Nahfh; Rthkpfs; 1964 Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khj Mapypa el;rj;jpuj;jpy; jdJ 91 tJ tajpy; kfhrkhjp mile;jhh;.

gy ghly; f is Nahfh; Rthkpfs; jk; tho; t py; ghbaUspdhh;. mit mth; mfj;jpypUe;Nj ntspte;jd. gpd;dh; ,it xd;whf jpul;lg;gl;L ew;rpe;jid vd;Dk; ngahpy; Ehyhf ntspaplg;gl;lJ. cs;sj;ij cUf;Fk; ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs; gy xypg; gjpT ehlhf;fshfTk; ntspte;Js;sd. 1935 Mk; Mz;L rpy gf;jh;fisf;nfhz;L rptnjhz; l d; vd; D k; khjhe; j rka rQ; r pifia ntsptUkhW nra; j hh; . 1953 Mk; Mz; L Rthkpfs;

Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï ÏÏ Ï

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd;

itutpoh kyu;

khkd;wj;jpd; itutpoh kyu; ,U njhFjpfshf ntspte;Js;sJ. KjyhtJ njhFjpapy; khkd;w tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfs;> ek;ehl;L ,e;J rka tuyhw;wpy; cau; epiyapy; itj;Jg; Nghw;wg;gLk; =y= MWKfehtyu;> Rthkp tpGyhde;ju;> jtj;jpU Nahfu; Rthkpfs;> rptj;jkpo;r; nry;tp fyhepjp jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b MfpNahu; cl;gl ,e;J kj tuyhw;wpy; jlk;gjpj;j nrk;ky;fisg; gw;wp mwpQh; ngUkf;fs; vOjpa tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; rpwg;Gf; fl;LiufSk; mlq;fpAs;sd.

,uz;lhtJ njhFjpapy;> khkd;wk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; elj;jpa ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l Ma;Tf; fl;Liufs;> khkd;wk; elhj;jpa ru;tNjr ,e;J rNfhjuj;Jt khehL gw;wpa njhFg;G> ,yq;if ,e;J kj tsu;r;rp njhlu;ghd gpuhe;jpa uPjpapyhd Nehf;F Nghd;w gy fhj;jpukhd tplaq;fSld; khkd;w tuyhw;wpy; epfo;Tfspd; epidthf Vuhskhd epow;glq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpajhf itutpohr; rpwg;G kyu; kyu;e;Js;sJ.

,U njhFjpfshf> 1200 w;Fk; mjpfkhd gf;fq;fSld; ntspte;Js;s ,e;j rpwg;G kyupd; tpiy &gh 3000{- (fljhrpj; Njhw; ngl;lfj;Jld;);> &gh 2500{- (fljhrpj; Njhw; ngl;lfk; ,y;yhJ) njhlu;GfSf;F: mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w jiyikafk; - nfhOk;G > njhiyNgrp - 011 2434990 khkd;w aho;. gzpkid> njhiyNgrp - 021 222 1075

mT];jpNuypahtpy; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w

itutpoh rpwg;G kyu; ntspaPL

,lk;: Jq;fhgp r%f ikak; - gpy;ypau;l; miw

(Toongabbie Community Centre 244 Targo Rd, Toongabbie NSW 2146 , Community Billiard Room)

fhyk;: 18-06-2016 rdpf;fpoik khiy 5.45 kzp Kjy; 7.15 kzptiu Ngr;R/fye;Jiuahly;:

,yq;ifapy; ,e;Jf;fspd; epiy - jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; (khkd;wj; jiytu;) Gj;jf ntspaPl;bid njhlu;e;J rptdbahu;fSf;F ,uhg;Nghrdk; toq;fg;gLk;. ,e;j miog;gpid cq;fs; FLk;g kw;Wk; ez;gu;fsplk; gfpu;e;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

rpl;dp tho; midj;J ,e;Jg; ngUkf;fisAk; md;Gld; miof;fpNwhk;.

F.ghu;j;jPgd; (,e;J khkd;w ,izg;ghsu; - rpl;dp) (Coordinator - ACHC Sydney) ïªJ xË

36

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; gQ;rGuhzk; XJk; tof;fhW Vw;gl;lik

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nghUe;Jk;. rpj;jhe;j ml;lfk; ,aw;wpaUspa Mrphpah; ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh; fhyk; gjpdhd;fhk; Ehw;whz;bd; njhlf;fkhFk;. jpUf; N fhitahUz; i k Mrphpah; re; j hd Futh; vdf; Fwpg;gpLtjhy; mth; ,jw;Fg; gpw;gl;lth; vd;gJ njspthFk;. ,e;Ehy; nra;j fhyk; gjpide;jhk; Ehw;whz;lhapUf;fyhk; vdf; fUj ,lKz;L. <oj;J MWKfehtyh; mth;fs; ‘mUl;gh’ vd;w jiyg;gpy; Nkw; F wpg; g pl; l Ie; J EhiyAk; xNu Ehyhf mr; r pl; l Jk; ftdpj;jw;ghyJ. Njthuk; vd;gJ Ehy; ngauhfpAk; $l mJ kpfTk; tphpe;jjhdgbahy; rpWEhyhff; fUjpNa ehtyh; mth;fs; mfj;jpah; Njthuj;jpul;il kl;LNk jk;njhFg;gpDs; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhz;lhh;. mth; mr;rpl;l mUl;ghj; njhFg;G gpd;tUk; Ie;J Ehy;fis mlf;fpajhFk;. mfj;jpah; Njthuj;jpul;L, jpUthrfk; KOikAk; , nghpa Guhzk; nra; A s; jpul; L (Kg;gj;NjO ghly;fs;) vd;gitahFk;. ,itfNs gQ;rGuhzk; ghLtjw;fhd MjhuEhy; vd;w fUj;NjhL ghLfpd;w XJthh; %h;j;jpfSf;F cjtpahf ,Uf;fty;y mlf;fkhd Ehyhf ,Uf;fNtz;b ntspaplg;gl;lnjd;W vz;zyhk;. nghpa Guhzr; nra;As; jpul;L MWKfehtyh; fhyj;jpw;F neLehs; Kd;djhfNt tof;fpy; ,Ue;jnjd;gJk; mwpaf;fplf;fpd;wJ. ,j;jpul;L ghl;L tof;fpYk; gapd;W Vl;Ltof;fpYk; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

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NkYk; gQ;rGuhzk; vDk; gjj;jpd; <w;wpy; toq;Fk; Guhzk; vd; gJ $l <w;wpy; toq;F k; nghpa Guhzk; fhuzkhf mikj;Jf;nfhs;sg; ngw;wnjd;Wk; Cfpf;f ,lKz;L.

ehyhapuj;jpwF ; Nkw;gl;l ghly;fs; nfhz;l jpUj;njhz;lh; Guhzj;jpy; nghUj;jkhd ghly;fisj; Njh;e;njLj;Jg; ghLjy; XJthh; %h;jj; pfSf;F vspjd;W vd;w fhuzj;jhy; mth;fl;Fg; gad;ngWk; nghUl;Nl ,j;jpul;L ek;Kd;Ndhuhy; njhFf;fg; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;isath;fs; ghba kha+ug;Guhzk; vDk; jyGuhzj;jpd; rpthya jhprd tpjp Mwhk; ghlypy; rptgpuhd; Kd;epd;W ghlg;glNtz;ba mUl;ghly;fisg; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whh;. mr;nra;As; tUkhW: “epiwaUl; ghly; Mfp

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jpUf; N fhitahUz; i k Mrphpah; $wpa ,d; N dhh; fUj;Jk; ,q;F Nehf;fw;ghyJ. “,j;Njhj;jpuq;fs; irtj;jpwF ; k; rptg+irf;Fk; rpthya epj;jpa iekpj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; mbath; g+irf;Fk; epak ke;jpuq;fshapUf;Fk;.” vd;W $Wfpd;wdh;. ,jd; nghUshtJ rpthyaj;jpy; rpthr;rhhpahh; rptg+ir nra;J Kbj;J Ntj ke;jpuq;fis XJtJ Nghy ,j;Njhj;jpuq;fs; jkpopy; Xjj;jf;f ke;jpuq;fshapUf;Fk;” vd;W $Wfpd;wdh;. ,jd; nghUshtJ rpthyaj;jpy; rpthr;rhhpahh; rptg+ir nra;J Kbj;J Ntj ke;jpuq;fis XJtJ Nghy ,j;Njhj;jpuq;fs; jkpopy; Xjj;jf;f ke;jpuq;fshFk; vd;gNj ,jd; fUj;jhFk;.

NkYk; Ntjke;jpuq;fis tlnkhopapy; Ntjpah; Xj jpUKiw ke;jpuq;fis XJthh; %h;j;jpfs; jkpopy; Xjp te;jhh;fs; vdTk; mwpayhk;. ,f;Fwpg;G ,d;Ws;s eilKiwf;Fk; kpfg; ïªJ xË

37

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× Û©L« tªj nghJ j‹ cliy¡ fhzhikahš ïiwt‹ Miz¥go m›Él¤âš jtÄUªJ _thÆu« jÄœ vD« âUkªâu¤ij jªJ âU_y ehadh® vD« áw¥ò bga® bg‰W átfâ milªjh®. ÉrhurUk® vD« ãuhkz¢ áWt‹ gR nkŒ¥gt‹. gRit nfhyhš mo¥gij f©L kd« bghW¡f kh£lhJ Éy¡»¤ jhnd gRit nkŒ¤J tªjh‹. kÂah‰w§ fiuÆš Kiwahf¥ gR¡fis nkŒ¤J mit jhkhf RuªJ bghʪj ghiy åzhfhj tifÆš kzÈš mik¤j átȧf¤â‰F mãnrf« brŒJ tÊg£lh‹. ïªj c©ikia m¿ahj _l® brh‰ nf£l jªijah® ghiy k©Âš ghœ brŒ»‹whnd vd mij fhyhš ïlw j‹ át óir¡F Fªjf« brŒjt® fhiy áWt‹ nfhyhš mo¡f mJ kGth» jªijÆ‹ fhšfŸ j¿g£ld.

Mdha ehadh® v‹gt® gR¡fis nkŒ¤jiyna át¥gÂahf¡ bfh©lt®. òšyh§FHš ïir¡F¥ ngÇirahs®. gŠrh£ru kªâu¤ij òšyh§FHÈš ï£L ïir¤J¥ gR¡fis k»H¢ brŒgt®. ïtuJ gŠrh£ru ïirÆš njt®fS« j« _®¡f« jªJ bjŒt ïir¥g£ld®. ïirahš gR nkŒ¤j át ò©Âa¤jhš Mdha® átgj« bg‰wh®. j‹ikªj‹ mur åâÆš cyhtu njÇÅilna òFªj gR¡f‹W moí©L ïwªJ nghdJ. ïjid¡ f©l jhŒ¥gR jh§bfhzhj Jauhš f©Ù® É£L fj¿ mGjJ. ïjid m¿ªj k‹d‹ bgU« JaU‰wh‹. kªâÇfŸ brh‹d tÊKiwfŸ gRÉ‹ Ja®Jil¡f cjth vd cz®ªjh‹. j‹ xnu kfid ïHªJ tUªJ« jhŒ¥gR nghy jhD« j‹ xnu kfid ïHªJ tUªJtnj Kiwbad¤ Jªjh®. j‹ kfid åâƉ »l¤â jhnd mt‹ ÛJ njiu¢ brY¤â¡ bfh‹wh‹. “jUk« j‹ tÊ¢ bršif flbd‹W j‹ikªj‹ kUkªj‹ njuhÊ cw C®ªj mUkªj braš” f©l átbgUkh‹ mUshš gR¡f‹W«, muás§FkhuD« cÆ® bg‰W átfâ milªjd®. xU gRÉ‹ f‹iw¡ bfh‹wj‰fhf j‹ kfid bfh‹W gR x«ã¥ gufâ bg‰wh® kDÚ⢠nrhH‹. ïy§ifÆš ngh®¤J¡ nfa® M£á elªj fhy« ahœ¥ghz¤âš gR¡ bfhiyiaí«, òyhiyí« kW¤j irt k¡fŸ thœªj fhy«. ngh®¤J¡nfa¥ gw§»aU¡F czthf ehS¡bfhU å£lh® bfhG¤j gRit¡ bfhL¡f bfhoa ght« brŒtâY« gh®¡f gunjr« nghtnj nkbyd¡ fUâ ïunthouthf flš flªJ ïªâah br‹wt® âUbešntÈ Phd¥ãufhr®. m§F áj«gu« nr®ªJ jtÄa‰¿¢ átPhd« bg‰W¢ átfâ nr®ªjh®. gR¡ bfhiy¡F mŠá ãunjr« nghŒ átfâ bg‰w Phdãufhr® ngh‹W gRɉF j« ï‹DÆ® tH§»a bkŒaoah®fŸ gyiuí« ïªJkj üšfŸ vL¤J¡ T¿ cŸsd. crh¤Jiz üš

nfhkhjhî« rh‹nwh® guhkÇ¥ò« F. nfhãuh{ B.A. (Hons)

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RÉ‹ cl«bg§F« eh« tÊgL« m¤jid bjŒt§fS«, ek¡F gadË¡F« njt®fS« thœªJ tU»‹wh®fŸ. Mya¤âš ïU¡F« É¡»uf¤âš _®¤âia tutiH¤J ïU¤â óá¥g®. Mdhš gRÉ‹ ï¤ bjŒt§fŸ všyhnk jhdhf ciwt®. vdnt eh« nfhóir brŒJ tÊg£L ešy gaid bgWtJ RygkhdJ. átnyhf¤âny átdJ rªÃâÆš ïlg« ïU¡F«. mj‹ mU»š, e¤ij, g¤âiu, Ruã, RÓiy, Rkid vD« Itif gR¡fŸ ïU¡F«. ïit Kiwna ït‰¿‹ cW¥ò¡fËny njt®fS« KÅt®fS«, Ô®¤j§fS« ïU¡F«. ï¤jifa áw¥ghd gRit tU¤jhJ ïu¡f¤njhL gyhr§nfhÈdhš bkšy, ngh, ngh vd ïa¡Ff. nfhã¤J mj£o mo¥ngh® euf¤âny åœt®. gRir tz§» òšiy bfhL¤njh® átnyhf¤ij milt®. gRit m£lÄ njhW« Úuh£o, ó¢No m‹dK« #yK« C£o ögÔg« fh£LtJ áw¥ghdJ. <îÇŠá¡fš eh£LjY«, átD¡F« M¢rhÇaU¡F« gRit jhdkhf bfhL¤jY«, gRit f©L ïu§» jh« th§» ts®¤jY«, ïlg¤ij jhdkhf át rªÃâ¡F bfhL¤jY« bgU« ò©ÂakhF«. ghš, jÆ®, nfhry«, nfhka«, beŒ ngh‹wd átD¡F mãnlf« g©QtJ Mya »ÇiafËš áw¥ghdjhF«. rh‹nwh® tÇirÆš ïka¤âš ïUªJ bj‹ ehL neh¡» tªj RªjuKÅt® v‹gt® tU« tÊÆš gR nkŒ¡F« _y‹ vD« ïila‹ ïwªJ »l¥g mtid¢ NœªJ ËW gR¡fŸ f©Ù® brhǪJ fj¿ mGtij f©lh®. gR¡fŸ Ja® Jil¡fhJ brštJ ghy« vd¡fU⤠j‹ nahf á¤âÆdhš jdJ cliy xU ku¤â‹ nkš »l¤â É£L _y‹ clȉ òF¤J gR¡fŸ k»GkhW brŒJ mt‰iw cÇnahÇl« nr®¥ã¤jh®. ïªJ xË

1. nfhkhjh fU¤J fsŠáa« “nfhóir brŒnth«” - fªj. r¤âajhr‹ 2. nfhkhjh fU¤J fsŠáa« - R. bršy¤Jiu.

38

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

aho; efhpy;

; khkd;w itutpoh rpwg;Gkyh; ntspaPL jiyth; jpU.kh.jtNahfuh[h Muk;g ciuahw;wpdhh;. ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhrhhpa Rthkpfs;, mnkhpf;fh `tha; irt MjPdk; Md; k P f r; R lh; hp\p.njhz; L ehjd; Rthkpfs; MfpNahh; MrpAiuia toq;fpdhh;fs;.

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mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; itutpoh kyh; ntspaPL epfo;T fle;j Nk khjk; 28Mk; jpfjpad;W aho;gg; hzj;jpYk;, kWehs; 29Mk; jpfjpad;W nfhOk;gpYk; eilngw;wJ.

Nk khjk; 28Mk; jpfjpad; W fhiy aho; ey;iy MjPd fyh kz;lgj;jpy; khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikapy; kyh; ntspaPL itgtk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. md;iwa jpdk; fhiy 8.30kzpastpy; ey;Yhh; Nfhapy; tPjpapy; mike;Js;s ,e;J khkd;w aho; gpuhe;jpa gzpkidapypUe;J itutpoh rpwg;G kyh; gpujpfs; Ch; t ykhf vLj; J tug; g l; l J. khkd; w rptnjhz; l h; mzpiar; Nrh;ej; khzth;fs; nfhb, Fil, Mytl;lk; kw;Wk; ee;jpf; nfhbfis Ve;jpa tz;zk; Ch;tyj;jpd; Kd;Nd mzptFj;Jr; nry;y, rkaj; jiyth;fSk;, gpuKfh;fSk;, khkd;w cWg;gpdh;fSk; cl;gl Vuhskhd ,e;J kf;fSk; Ch;tyj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;ldh;. ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myaj;jpy; ele;j g+ir topghl;bd; gpd;dh; Ch;tyj;jpdh; ey;iy MjPd fyh kz;lgj;ij te;jile;jdh;.

fhiy 9.30 kzpastpy; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,jidj;njhlh;e;J Ng&h; MjPd ,isagl;lk; rPh;tsh;rPh; kUjhry mbfshh; ee;jpf;nfhbia Vw;wpitj;jhh;. ,jd; gpd; khkd;w rptnjhz;lh; mzp khzt khztpfsJ jpUKiwg; ghuhazKk; rpthr; r hhpag; ngUkf; f sJ NtjghuhazKk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. njhlh;e;J khkd;wg; gpujpj;

nfhOk;gpy;

;itutpoh rpwg;Gkyh; mwpKf tpoh

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; itutpoh kyh; mwpKf tpoh fle;j khjk; 29Mk; jpfjpad;W nfhOk;gpy; cs;s khkd;wj; jiyikafg; gpuhh;j;jid kz;lgj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. md;iwa jpdk; fhiy 8.00kzp Kjy; nfhOk;G nfhk;gdpj;njU mUs;kpF rptRg;gpukzpah; Njt];jhdj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w tpNrl g+ir topghLfisj; njhlh;e;J itutpoh rpwg;Gkyh; gpujpfs; myq;fhuj; jpUthrpg;gPlj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;L rkaj; jiyth;fs;> gpuKfh;fs;> khkd;w cWg;gph;fs;> kw;Wk; ,e;J kf;fs; Gil#o ee;jpf;nfhbfs; rfpjk; khkd;wj; jiyikafj;jpw;F Ch;tykhf vLj;Jtug;gl;lJ. khkd;wj; jiyikafj;jpy; fhiy kzp 9.45mstpy; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wy; ee;jpf;nfhb Vw;wy; ,iwtzf;fk; vd;gdtw;iwj; njhlh;e;J khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikapy; epfo;r;rpfs; Muk;gkhfpd. khkd;w cgjiytUk; khkd;w r%feyd; FO jiytUkhd tpilf;nfhbr;nry;th; rpdd ; j;Jiu jdghyh tuNtw;Giu epfo;jj; pdhh;. mnkhpf;fh `tha; irt MjPdk; Md;kPfr;Rlh; hp\p.njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs; MrpAiu toq;fpdhh;. njhlh;e;J khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikAiu Mw;wpdhh;. ,jd; gpd; rpwg;Gkyh; ntspaPL ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,e;j itgtj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;l Nky;khfhz MSeh; khz;GkpF Nf.rp.NyNf];tud;, fpof;F khfhz MSeh; khz;GkpF x];hpd; ngh;zhd;Nlh, vjph;fl;rpj; jiyth; khz;GkpF ,uh.rk;ge;jd;, Njrpa rftho;T fye;Jiuahly; kw;Wk; murfUk; nkhopfs; mikr;rh; khz;GkpF kNdh fNzrd;, ,e;jpa gjpy; cah;]j; hdpfh; khz;GkpF mhpej; k; gf;\p MfpNahh; rpwg;Giuahw;wpdhh;fs;. ,jidj; njhlh;eJ ; nrQ;nrhw;nry;th; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; itutpoh kyh; mwpKfTiuia epfo;jj; pdhh;. ,jd;gpd; Ng&h; MjPd ,isagl;lk; rPh;tsh;rPh; kUjhry mbfshh; Md;kPfg; NgUiuahw;wpdhh;. khkd;wg; nghJr;nrayhsh; jpU. rp.jpy;iyeluh[h mth;fs; toq;fpa ed;wpAiuiaj; njhlh;e;J ,lk;ngw;w ,iwtzf;fj;Jld; epfo;T epiwTngw;wJ.

ïªJ xË

39

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

khk‹w¢ brŒâfŸ

eapdhjPtpy; Gj;j ngUkhdpd; rpiyia epWTjy;

tlkhfhz MSeUld; ,e;J khkd;wj; J}Jf;FOtpdh;; re;jpg;G

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tuyhw; W g; Gfo; k pf; f rf; j p gP l q; f spnyhd; w hd eapdhjPT ehfG+\zp mk;kd; Myar; #oypy; 62 mb caukhd Gj; j u; r piynahd; i w epWTtjw; F murhy; Kaw;rp vLf;fg;gLtjhfTk;> ,jw;F tlkhfhz MSeu; KO xj;Jiog;ig toq;FtjhfTk; ntspte;j gj;jpupifr; nra;jpfs; njhlu;gpy; ,e;J khkd;wk; fle;j (2016) Vg;uy; 01Mk; ; jpfjpad; W jdJ fz; l dj; i j gj; j pupiffs; thapyhfTk; MSeUf;Fk; njuptpj;jJld;> murhq;fj;jpd; MjuTld; ,e;Jf;fspd; Gdpj jyq;fSf;F mUfhikapy; ,t;thwhd rpiyfis mikg;gij ,e;Jf;fs; xUNghJk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;skhl;lhu;fs; vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jJ.

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jiytu; nghJr; nrayhsu; ïªJ xË

,jidaLj; J 2016.04.27Mk; jpfjp fhiy 11.00 kzpastpy; gj;juKy;iyapYs;s MSeupd; mYtyfj;jpy; khkd;wj; J}Jf;FOtpdUld; MSeu; xU fye;Jiuahliy xOq;F nra;jpUe;jhu;. ,j;J}Jf;FOtpy; khkd;wj; jiytu; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld;> nghJr; nrayhsu; jpU. rp. jpy;iyeluh[h> nghUshsu; jpU. Nt. fe;jrhkp> cgjiytUk; r%feyd; FOj; j iytUkhd jpU. rp. jdghyh kw; W k; khkd; w MNyhrfu; rpt= itjP];tuf;FUf;fs;> Kfhikg; Nguit cWg;gpdu; jpU. e. kd;kjuh[d; MfpNahu; gq;Fgw;wpdu;. eapdhjP t py; epu; k hzpf; f g; g lTs; s Gj; j u; rpiy ,e; J kf; f is kjuP j pahf ghjpf; F nkdTk; ,jdhy; ,dey;YwT Nfs;tpf;Fupajhf ,Uf;FnkdTk; fye; J iuahlypd; N ghJ khkd; w j; J}Jf; F Otpduhy; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; MSeu; vd;wtifapy; tlkhfhz kf;fspd; rka tpOkpaq;fs;> fyhrhuq;fs; vd;gtw;iw Nkk;glr; nra;a jhq;fs; cWJizahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; ngsj;jkjj;ijg; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;Fk; mNjNeuk; Vida kjq; f isAk; ghJfhg; g J jq; f s; flikahFnkdTk; J}Jf;FOtpduhy; vLj;Jr;nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. rfyijAk; nrtpkLj; j MSeu; gj; j pupiffspy; ntspte;j nra;jpfs; cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghditnadTk; tlkhfhz kf;fspd; kdij Gz;gLj;Jk; vt;tifahd eltbf;ifiaAk; jhd; Nkw;nfhs;s khl;Nld; vdTk;> gpwkjj; j pdupd; kj topghl; b idAk; mtu; f sJ fyhrhuj;ijAk; NgZk; tifapYNk jdJ eltbf;iffs; mikAnkdTk; > eapdhjP t py; ghupa Gj; j u; rpiyia epWTtJ gw;wp ,d;Dk; KbT nra;ag;gltpy;iy vdTk; njuptpj; j NjhL jdJ eltbf; i ffs; vt; t pjj; j pYk; gf; f r; r hu; g hdjhfNth md; w p tlkhfhz kf; f spd; mgpyhirfis Gwf;fzpg;gjhfNth ,Uf;fkhl;lhnjdTk; cWjpaspj;jhu;.

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khkd;wj;jpd; Gj;jhz;Lr;nra;jp (,t;tUl rpj;jpiug; Gj;jhz;ilnahl;b khkd;wk; tpLj;jpUe;j nra;jp) fle;j %d;W jrhg;jq;fshf ekJ kf;fs; mDgtpj;J tUk; Jau;tho;Tf;F ,d;dKk; tpbT fpilf;ftpy;iyNa vd;w Vf;fk; mtu;fis tpl;Ltpyftpy;iy. kP z ; L k; vkJ kf; f spd; tho; i t xspkakhdjhf khw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w ed;Nehf;fpy; r%f> rka> fy;tpg; gzpfis KO %r; R ld; Mw; w Ntz; b a flg; g hl; b y; > ,yq;if ,e;J kd;w mikg;Gf;fspdJk;> Mya ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;Gf;fspdJk; xd;wpakhd “mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;” cs;sJ. ,jw;fhf ehL KOtJk; rpt njhz;lu; mzprN ; rit> Md;kfP f; fUj;juq;Ffs;> Md;kfP ntspaL P fs;> khztu;fSf;F ,ytrkhf mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfq;fs; toq;Fjy;> ,lk; ngau;e;J my;yYWk; vkJ kf;fSf;F tho;thjhu cjtpfs; Nghd;w Nritfis ,e;J khkd;wk; kpFe;j cj;Ntfj;Jld; Kd;dfu;jj; ptUfpdw ; J. mNjNeuk; ey;yhl;rp muRk; ,J njhlu;ghd jdJ Kd;ndLg;Gf;fis ghupa mstpy; Jupjkhf Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd khkd;wk; ,e;ehspy; Nfhupf;if tpLf;fpd;wJ. ,itjtpu mfjp Kfhk; f spy; jq; f papUf; F k; vkJ kf;fs; nrhe;j ,lq;fspy; tho Kbahj epiyik Jau;kpF gpur;ridahFk;. ,e;j tplaj;ij ehk; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; murpd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;Lte;Jk; kf;fs; vjpu;ghu;j;j mstpw;F mit epiwNtw;wg;gl;ljhf $w KbahJs;sJ. rpy gFjpfspy; fhzpfs; tpLtpf; f g; g Lk; mNjNtis NtW gFjpfspy; gilfspd; Kfhk; tp]; j upg; G f; n fd nghJkf;fspd; fhzpfs; rtPfupff; g;gLtij ehk; td;ikahff; fz;bf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,tw;iw Nehf;Fk; NghJ ey;yhl;rp muRk; kdr;Rj;jpAld; ,jidr; nra;atpy;iyah vd vz;zj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ,NjNghy; kPs;Fbaku;e;NjhUf;fhd tPL> FbePu; Nghd;w mbg;gil trjpfs; $lj; jpUg;jpfukhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gltpyi ; y vd; g ijAk; Rl; b f; f hl; l tpUk; G fpd; N whk; . kf; f spd; gpur;ridfis kdG+u;tkhf jPu;f;f muRk;> khfhz rigAk; Nru;e;J tYthd jpl;lq;fis cld; tFf;f Ntz;Lk;> vd ,e;J khkd;wk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,NjNtisapy; kP s ; F baku; e ; j kf; f Sf; f hd FbePug; g; pur;rid jPuf; f; g;gltpyi ; y. ,jw;F muR Kf;fpa ,lk; nfhLj;Jj;jPu;f;f Ntz;Lnkd ehk; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. kpfTk; twpa> gpd; j q; f pa kf; f Sf; f hf khkd; w k; xU rpy ,lq; f spy; Foha; f ; f pzWfs; Nghd; w tw; i w mikf;f epjpAjtpfis nra;JtUfpwJ. vdpDk; vkJ epjpepiyikf;Nfw;g ehk; vLf;Fk; eltbf;iffs; mk;kf;fspd; xU rpWtpfpjj;jpdupd; NjitiaAk; G+u;jj; p nra;Akh vd;gJ Nfs;tpfF ; wpNa. vdNt kj;jpa> khfhz muRfNs ,tw;wpwF ; KOikahd jPu;tpid toq;fNtz;Lk;. ïªJ xË

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Nghijt]; J tu; j ; j fj; j hy; vj; j idNah Kjyhspkhu; FWf;F topapy; Nfhbf;fzf;fpy; rk;ghjpf;Fk; mNjNtis ,sk; r%fj;ij mJ rpd;dhgpd;dg;gLj;jpAs;sij ,e;J khkd;wk; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,jid xopg;gjw;fhfNt ghlrhiyfs;NjhWk; rpt njhz;lu; mzpfis ];jhgpg;gJ> khztu;fspilNa rka tpopg;Gzu;Tf; fUj;juq;Ffis Nkw;nfhs;tJ> Nghd;w eltbf;iffis ,e;J khkd;wk; vLj;JtUfpd;wJ. vdpDk; vkJ vjpu;g;G eltbf;iffs; Nghijt];ij Kw;whf xopj;J tpLnkdf; $wKbahJ. ,jw;fhf ey;yhl;rp muR jpl;ltl;lkhd> fbdkhd vjpu; eltbf;iffis vLj;J vkJ ,sk; re;jjpapdiu (tlf;F fpof; F cl; g l) fhg; g hw; w Ntz; L nkd ,g; G j; j hz; b y; muirf; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;Sfpd;Nwhk;.

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41

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

aho; khtl;lj;jpy; fyhrhu rPh;NfLfs; (aho; khtl;lj;jpy; mz;ikf;fhy fyhrhu rPh;NfLfs; njhlh;ghf khkd;wk;> fle;j Nk khjk; 4Mk; jpfjpad;W gj;jphpiffSf;F tpLj;jpUe;j nra;jpf;Fwpg;G) vkJ %jhijau; fhyk; njhl; L jkpou; gz; g hL ghuk; g upak; > xOf; f newp vd; g tw; i wj; jd; d fj; N j nfhz;bUe;j aho; kz;zpd; kf;fs; tho;T Vd; ,t;thW jpirjpUk;gpaJ vd vz;Zk;NghJ kdk; nghUKtijj; jtpu NtW topiaf; fhzKbatpy;iy. jpUl; L f; f s; > xOf; f r; r P u ; N fLfs; > Nghijt]; J g; ghtidnad rKjhaj;ijNa gho;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffs; xt;nthU kdpjdpd; rpej; idapYk; gjpeJ ; mit jpUj;jg;gl Ntz; L Nknahopa rl; l j; j hYk; > mlf; F KiwahYk; jpUj;jg;gl KbahjitahFk;. mg;gbj; jpUj;jg;gl;lhYk; mJ jw;fhypf jPu;thf ,Uf;FNk jtpu epue;jukhf kdpj rKjhaj;ij ey;topf;Ff; nfhz;L tukhl;lhJ. vdNt ,tw; i w jpUj; J tjw; F nghyprhupd; cjtp ngwg;glKbahJs;sJ> murpay; thjpfs; cupa eltbf;iffs; vLf;ftpy;iy muR VNdh jhNdh vd;w kdg;Nghf;fpy; ,Uf; f pd; w njd; W gpwiuf; Fw; w k; nrhy; Y k; ehk; xt;nthUtUk; vk;ikj; jpUj;jKbahjh vdr; rpe;jpg;Nghk;. jdpkdpjd; rpe;jpj;J jpUe;Jk;NghJ> rKjhak; jpUe;Jk; mg;NghJ ehNljpUe;Jk;. ,yq; i fj; jpUehl; b d; tlghy; mike; J s; s aho; kz; fe; j Guhzf; fyhrhuj; i jj; jd; d fj; N j nfhz;lJ. mk;kz;zpy; ,d;W eilngWk; fPo;j;jukhd eltbf;iffSf;F ahu; fhuzk; ,jw;F mk;kz;z pd; ike;ju;fshfpa ehNk fhuzk; vd;gij vj;jid Ngu; ,ja Rj;jpAld; Vw;Wf;nfhs;thu;fs;. vdNt xt;nthU jkpo; kfDk; jd;idj;jhNd jpUj;jpf; nfhs; t Jld; KbAkhdtiu kw; w tu; f isAk; jpUj; j Kw; g lNtz; L k; . Kf; f pakhf ,sk; jiyKiwapdiu ey;topf;F ,l;Lr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. ,jid rka uPjpahf> r%fuPjpahf> fy;tpujP pahf> murpay;ujP pahf mZFtjd; %yk; xU kWkyu;r;rpia Vw;gLj;j KbAk;. ,t;thwhd rKjha kWkyu;rr; pfF ; mjpNkjF [dhjpgjpapd>; ey;yhl;rp murhq;fk;> tlkhfhz Kjyikr;ru;> vkJ ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fspd; gq; f spg; G k; NjitnadpDk; vkJ rKjhaj; j pYs; s Gj;jp[t P pfs;> fy;tpapayhsu;fs;> kjj;jiytu;fs; MfpNahUk; Kd;dpd;W gzpahw;w Ntz;Lk;. ,it njhlu;ghf mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; rpe;jidf;fsk;> ,e;J khehLfs; kw;Wk; fUj;juq;Ffs; %yk; Njitahd eltbf;iffis vLj;J rKjhaj;ij ey;topg;gLj;jp tUfpwJ. vdNt gpw mikg;Gf;fSk; ,t;thW jkJ eltbf;iffis tpupTgLj;jp ,oe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; vkJ gz;ghl;il> fyhrhuj;ij> kdpjNeaj;ij> fy;tpepiyia kPsf;fl;bnaOg;gp jkpou; rKjhak; jiy epkpu;e;J tho vkJ %jhijau; topepd;W nray;gLNthkhf.! ïªJ xË

khkd; w j; j p d ; mDjhgk; [dhjpgjp rl;lj;juzp mkuu; V.Mu;. RNue;jpud; [dhjpgjp rl;lj;juzp mkuu; V.Mu;.

RNue;jpud; mth;fsJ kiwitapl;L khkd;wk; mjph;r;rpAk; Mo;e;j tUj;jKkilfpwJ. rka tpopg;Gzu;it r%fj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jTk;> fy;Y}up khztu;fspilNa irtrka mwpitg;Gfl;Lk; tifapy;> guPl;irfis elhj;jp guprpy;fs;> rhd;wpjo;fis toq;fptUtJld; rka eltbf;iffspYk;; gy Mz;Lfshf <Lgl;LtUk; nfhOk;G tpNtfhde;j rigia gj;J Mz;LSf;F Nkyhf jiyikjhq;fp topelhj;jpa ngUik [dhjpgjp rl;lj;juzp mkuu; V.Mu;.

RNue;jpidNa rhUk;. ,th; khkd;w ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;ghsu; rigapYk; mq;fj;Jtk; tfpj;J> epjpfis Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; cr;rg; gad;ghLfis milaj;jf;fjhf MNyhridfis toq;fp> nraw;ghLfisAk; fz;fhzpj;jtu;. khkd;w eLj;jPu;g;G ikak; epWTtjw;Fk;> mk; ikaj;jpd; tpjpfisj; jahupg;gjw;Fk; msg;gupa gzpahw;wpaJld;> ,e;J mwf;fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpid jahhpj;Jj; jUkhW md;iwa ,e;J fyhrhu mikr;ru; mkuu; jp.kNf];tud; epakpj;j rl;lj;juzpfs; FOtpYk; gzpahw;wp> mr;rl;lj;jpid Mf;fpj;je;j rpwg;Gf;Fupatu;. nghJthfNt rl;lj;juzpfs; rpyu; mwpTiufs;> MNyhridfs; toq;Ftjpy; jaq;Fk; mNjNtis> mjpf fl;lzk; mwtpLtJk; tof;fk;. Mdhy; mkuu; RNue;jpud; jd;id ehbtUgtu;fSf;F ,Ugf;f epahaq;fisAk; tpupthf vLj;Jiuj;J – rl;l eltbf;iffspy; Vw;glf;$ba ,yhg el;lq;fisAk; njspthf tpsf;fp> nra;Ak; NritfSf;F khj;jpuk; kdr;rhl;rpf;F Vw;g> kw;wtu; kdk; Nehfhky; rpWnjhifiaAk; ngw;W te;jij vy;NyhUk; ed;F mwptu;. ,tiuf; FUthf> topfhl;bahf Vw;Wf;nfhz;l ,sk; rl;lj;juzpfSf;Fk;> rl;lk; gapYdu;fSf;Fk; kdpjhgpkhdj;Jld; ey;ywpitAk; toq;fp vy;yhr; re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; mtjhdkhfTk;> epjhdkhfTk;> tpNtfkhfTk; elf;f topfhl;baij mtu;fs; mbf;fb epidT$u;tij mwpNthk;. ,tuJ gphpthy; JaUWk; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F khkd;wk; Mo;e;j mDjhgq;fisj; njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;tJld; md;dhhpd; Mj;kh rhe;jpaila mUs;kpF rptfhkp mk;ghs; rNkj = eluh[g; ngUkhidg; gpuhh;j;jpj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ.

42

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

khkd; w j; j p d ; mDjhgk; mkuh; Nguhrpupau; ,uh.it. fdfuj;jpdk; vLj; j hu; . vdpDk; mtu; fhyj; j py; mjid epiwNtw; w Kbatpy; i y vd; D k; Mjq; f j; i j ntspg; g Lj; J k; mNjNtis mjid cUthf;fp ntspapLjNy md;dhUf;F khkd;wk; nra;Ak; mQ;rypahftpUf;Fk; vd;gijAk; Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;.

Nguhrphpah; rfyUlDk; md;GlDk;> gz;GlDk; goFk; ,ay;G nfhz;lth.; ,tuJ kiwT FLk;gj;jpdUf;F kl;Lky;y ,e;J khkd;wk; cl;gl jkpo; $Wk; ey;Yyfpw;Fk; Ngupog;ghFk;.

Nguhrphpahpd; gpupthy; JaUWk; mtuJ FLk;gj;jpdUf;F khkd; w k; Mo; e ; j mDjhgq; f isj; njuptpg; g NjhL> md;dhupd; Mj;kh rhe;jpaila vy;yhk; ty;y = rptfhkp mk;ghs; rNkj = eluh[g; ngUkhidg; gpuhh;j;jpf;fpd;wJ. (26.05.2016)

Nguhrpupau; . ,uh.it. fdfuj; j pdk; mtu; f sJ kiwitapl; L khkd; w k; ngUk; mjph; r ; r pAk; Mo; e ; j tUj;jKkilfpwJ. khkd;w Kfhikg; Nguitapy; ePz;lfhy cWg;gpduhftpUe;J nraw;gl;l Nguhrpupau; fdfuj;jpdk; mtu;fs; khkd;wj;jpd; tsu;rr; pfF ; k; rpwg;Gf;Fk; jd;dhyhd tifapy; gq;fpidahw;wpte;Js;shh;. ,th; Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ,e;J ehfhpfj;Jiw tphpTiuahsuhf ePzl; fhyk; flikahw;wpte;jpUg;gJld;> ,e;J ehfhpfj;Jiwapd; gy gl; l jhhpfis cUthf; f pa ngUikf; F hpath; . gy E}y; f isAk; vOjp ntspapl; L s; s hh; . rh; t Njr ,e; J khehLfspYk; fUj; j uq; F fspYk; fye; J nfhz; L gy Ma;Tf;fl;LiufisAk; rkh;g;gpj;Js;shh;. "MWKfehtyh; tuyhW - xU RUf;fk;" vd;w ,tuJ E}iy fle;j 2008Mk; Mz; L khkd; w k; ntspapl; L itj; j ijr; rpwg; g hfr; nrhy;yyhk;. khkd; w j; j hy; ntspaplj; jP u ; k hdpf; f g; g l; l “Nju; ” vd;Dk; Ma;Tr; rQ;rpifapd; Mf;fj;jpw;F ngupJk; Kaw;rp

mkuh kh. Rg;gpukzpak; fPupkiyapy;; khkd;wj;jhy; epu; k hzpf; f g; g l; l ahj; j pupfu; klj; j py; jd; nrytpy; jdJ ngw; N whu; f spd; Qhgfhu;j;jkhf Xu; miwia epu; k hzpg; g jw; f hd ed; n fhilia toq; f p mk; k lj; i j epu; k hzpg; g jpy; ngUk;gq;fhw;wpaik rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;. jdJ njhopYf;fg;ghy; fy;tp> rka> r%fj; njhz;LfSf;F Njitahd mDruizfis mt; t g; N ghJ toq; f p kdpjUs; khzpf;fkhfj; jpfo;e;jth; ,th; . md;dhhpd; kiwT ,yq;if tho; ,e;J kf;fSf;F Ngupog;ghFk;. ,tuJ gpupthy; JaUWk; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F khkd;wk; jdJ mDjhjgq;fisj; njuptpg;gNjhL md;dhupd; Mj;kh rhe;jpaila mUs;kpF = rptfhkp mk;ghs; rNkj = eluh[g; ngUkhidg; gpuhh;j;jpj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. (04.06.2016)

aho; nfhf;Ftpiyg; gpwg;gplkhfTk; gk;gyg;gpl;bia trpg;gplkhfTk; nfhz;l gpugy tu;j;jfUk;> rka Mu;tyUk; r%fj; njhz;lDkhfpa jpU. khzpf;fk; Rg;gpukzpak; mtu;fsJ kiwitaplL ; khkd;wk; Mo;ej; tUj;jkilfpwJ. tu;j;jfj;Jiwapy; fhy;gjpj;j mkuu;. Rg;gpukzpak; mtu;fs; tu;j;jfj;Jiwf;F Nkyhf rka r%fg;gzpfspy; jPtpukhf <Lgl;Lte;jth;. nfhOk;G- 13 = fjpu;NtyhAj Rthkp Mya gupghyd rigj; jiytuhf ,Ue;J rkaj; njhz;lhw;wpaNjhL> gy jkpo; g ; ghlrhiyfSf; F tFg; g iwf; fl; l lq; f isAk; epu;khzpj;Jf; nfhLj;jtuhthu;. nfhOk;G jkpo;rq;fj;jpd; ek; g pf; i fg; nghWg; g hsu; rigapd; jiytuhftpUe; J k; mUk;gzpahw;wpapUf;fpwhh;. mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd; w j; J ld; neUq; f pa njhlu;igg; Ngzpte;j mkuu;. Rg;gpukzpak;> khkd;wj;jpd; r%fNrit nraw;ghLfSf;F nghpJk; cjtpte;Js;shh;.

khk‹w¢ brŒâ khkd;wj;jpd; kfh rptuhj;jpup tpohTk; rptjPl;ir toq;Fk; epfo;T fle;j khu;r; khjk; 07Mk; jpfjpad;W mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj; jiyikafg; gpuhu;j;jid kz;lgj;jpy; kfh rptuhj;jpupg; G+ir topghLfs; ,lk;ngw;wd. md;iwa jpdk; khiy 6.00 kzp Kjy; ehd;F [hkq;fSk; khkd;wj;jpy; vOe;jUsp mUs;ghypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mUs;kpF rptfhkp mk;ghs; rNkj = eluh[g; ngUkhDf;Fk;> rptypq;fj;jpw;Fk; tpNrl G+irfSk; mgpN\fq;fSk; eilngw;wd. mNj jpdk; fhiy> jiyikafg; gpuhu;j;jid kz;lgj;jpy; rptjPl;iria toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd;NghJ khzt khztpau;> ,e;J kd;wq;fspdJ cWg;gpdu;fs;> mwnewpg; ghlrhiy Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;J kf;fSk; rptjPl;iriaf; jpUtUSld; FUtpd; %ykhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;. rptuhj;jpup jpdj;jd;W> ,uT topghl;L epfo;r;rpfspd;NghJ ,e;J xsp rptuhj;jpup; rpwg;gpjOk; ntspapl;L itf;fg;gl;lJ. ïªJ xË

43

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

khkd;wf; fy;tpf;FO elhj;jpa fye;Jiuahly; j.kNdhfud; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wf; fy;tpf;FOtpd; Vw; g hl; b y; “ehlshtpa hP j papy; jkpo; kw; W k; jkpoh; fy;tpapd; ,d;iwa epiyAk; vjphN ; ehf;Fk; NjitfSk;” vd;w jiyg;gpyhd fye;Jiuahly; fle;j Nk khjk; 7Mk; 8Mk; jpfjpfspy; nfhOk;G, gk;gyg;gpl;b ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. khkd; w j; jiyth; jpU.fe; i jah eP y fz; l d; jiyikapy; ,lk;ngw;w Kjy;ehs; epfo;T ,uhkfpU\;z kfh tpj;jpahya khztpahpd; ,iw tzf;fj;Jld; Muk; g khdJ. jkpo; j ; j ha; tho; j ; J k; , jkpopy; Njrpa fP j Kk; ghlg; g l; l ijj; njhlh; e ; J khkd; w g; nghJr; nrayhsh; jpU.rp.jpy;iyeluh[h tuNtw;GiuiaAk;, rpt= f.itj; j P ] ; t uf; FUf; f s; MrpAiuiaAk; toq;fpdhh;fs;. fy; t pj; J iwapy; Mh; t k; nfhz; l gyh; ehl; b d; gy ghfq; f spYkpUe; J ,e; j f; fUj; j uq; f py; fye; J nfhz;ldh;. ehl; b Ys; s jkpo; g ; ghlrhiyfspy; epyTk; Mszp, ngsjpftsg; gw;whf;Fiwfs; cl;gl khzt khztpahpd; fy; t pj; N jitf; F j; jilahfTs; s tplaq; f isf; fz; l wpe; J eptph; j ; j p fhz; g jw; f hd toptiffis chpaKiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kaw;rpNa ,f; fye;Jiuahlypd; Nehf;fk; vd;Wk; , khkd;wk; rkaf;fy;tpAld; kl;Lk; epd;WtplhJ nkhop, fzpjk;, tpQ;Qhdk;, tuyhW, rpj;jpuk;, Muk;gf;fy;tp cl;gl rfy ghlq;fs; njhlh;gpYk; ftdk; nrYj;jp, ehlshtpa hPjpapy; ekJ gps;isfs; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;iff;F Vw; G ilajhf cah; e ; j chpa fy; t piag; ngw; W f; nfhs;tij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; nghwpKiwfs; tFg;gJk;, Njitfis epiwNtw;w chpa jug;GfSld; njhlh;G nfhz;L nraw;glTk; cs;sjhf fy;tpf; FOr; nrayhsh; jpU.j.kNdhfud; tpsf;fkspj;jhh;. khkd;w fy;tpf; FOtpd; jiyth; jpU. kh.fzgjpg;gps;is ghlrhiyf; fy;tpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp vLj;Jf; $wpdhh;.

khk‹w¢ brŒâ

,e;j epfo;tpdN ; ghJ gpujk mjpjpahff; fye;Jnfhz;l Njrpa rftho; T , fye; J iuahly; kw; W k; murfUk; nkhopfs; mikr; r h; jpU.kNdh fNzrd; jdJ ciuapd;NghJ, jkpo;g; gps;isfspd; fy;tp epiyapy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; ,e;J khkd;wf; fy;tpf; FOitg; ghuhl;baJld;, tsk; nfhz;l Njrpa ghlrhiyfspy; Nkyjpfkhf rkhe;ju tFg;Gf;fs; jkpo; khzth;fspd; ed; i k fUjp Muk; g pg; g jw; f hd eltbf; i ffis Nkw;nfhs;s tpUg;gjhf Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. rpwg;G mfjpahff; fye;Jnfhz;l fy;tp ,uh[hq;f mikr;rh; jpU.Nt.,uhjhfpU\;zd; NgRk;NghJ, jkpo;g; ghlrhiyfspy; epyTk; Mrphpatsg; gw;whf;Fiwia ePff; eltbf;if vLg;gjhfTk;, fzpj tpQQ ; hd ghlq;fSf;Fhpa Mrphpah;fSf;fhd gapw;rpj; jpl;lnkhd;iwj; jahhpj;J Fwpg;gpl;l ghlq;fSf;fhd Mrphpatsg; gw;whf;Fiwia eP f ; F tjw; F topnra; t jhfTk; njhptpj; j mikr; r h; ,e;J khkd;wk; fy;tp njhlh;gpy; Nkw;nfhz;LtUk; nraw; g hLfis ghuhl; b aJld; , mjw; F xj; J iog; G toq;fj; jahuhfTs;sjhfTk; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. njhlh; e ; J , xt; n thU ghlq; f s; njhlh; g hfTk; jdpj;jdpahf fye;Jiuahly;fSk;, fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wq;fSk; ,lk;ngw;wd. ,jw;F jpU.fNzrd; rptuh[; nghWg;ghftpUe;J topelj;jpdhh;. epfo; t py; fye; J nfhz; l th; f Sf; F mth; f sJ fUj;Jf;fis vLj;Jr; nrhy;y re;jh;g;gk; toq;fg;gl;lJld;, mit ahTk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. fy;tpf; FOthy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,r; nraw;ghlhdJ njhlUk; eltbf;iffSf;fhd Muk;gkhfNt nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. ehlshtpa hPjpapy; xd;gJ khfhzq;fspYKs;s jkpo;g; ghlrhiyfisAk;, mtw;wpy; fw;Fk; khzt khztpaiuAk;, fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpa MszpapdiuAk; xU Filapd; fP o ; nfhz; L tUtjd; %yk; fy; t pg; gzpiaj; jpwk; g l ekJ rKjhak; jpUg; j pailAk; tifapy; fz;fhdpf;f KbAk; vd;gJ fy;tpf;FOtpd; ek;gpf;ifahFk;.

Myaq;fspy; kpUfg;gypapl;L Nts;tp elhj;Jtijj; jilnra;jy;

Myaq; f spy; kpUfq; f isg; gypapl; L Nts; t p elhj;Jtjw;F aho; Nky; ePjpkd;wk; ,ilf;fhyj; jil cj;juit toq;fpaijaplL ; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; kfpo;r;rpailfpd;wJ. ,e;j cj;juthdJ irt kjj;jpd; cd; d j nfhs; i fiaAk; Myaj; j pd; Gdpjj; i jAk; Nkk; g Lj; j cjTnkd; g J khkd; w j; j pd; ek; g pf; i f. rKjhaj;jpYs;s ,t; thwhd %lf; nfhs; i ffisAk;> kjj; j pw; F Kuzhd nray; f isAk; jLf; F k; cupik ePjpkd;wq;fSf;Fk; rka mikg;Gf;fSf;FNk cupajhFk;. ,t; t ifapy; eP j pkd; w j; j pd; ,j; j ilAj; j uT kpfTk; Nghw;Wjw;FupaJ.

vdpDk; rkPgj;jpy; aho; khtl;lj;jpd; rq;fhid kw;Wk; typfhkk; njw;F gpuNjrq;fspy; ,t;thwhd kpUfg;gyp eilngw;wijapl;L ,e;J khkd;wk; tUe;JtJld; vkJ td;ikahd fz;ldj;ijj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. ,e;eltbf;iffs; ePjpkd;w cj;juit mtkjpg;gjhfTk; mikfpwJ. Myaq;fspy; kpUf gyp elj;Jtij rl;ltpNuhjkhf;Fk; kNrhjhit ,e; J rka tptfhu mikr; r pdhy; jahupff; g;gl;ljhf khkd;wk; mwpfpwJ. ,e;eltbf;ifapid khkd;wk; Vw;fdNt tuNtw;Ws;sJ. ,k;kNrhjhit ghuhSkd; w j; j py; tpiutpy; rku; g ; g pj; J r; rl; l khf; f Ntz;LnkdTk; khkd;wk; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. (04.04.2016)

ïªJ xË

44

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

epfo;Tfspd; gjpTfs; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpy; eilngw;w kfh rptuhj;jpup G+ir topghLfs; (07.03.2016)

kfhrptuhj;jphp jpdj;jd;W khkd;wj;jpy; rptjPl;ir toq;Fk; epfo;T (07.03.2016)

khkd;w mDruizapy; nghyd;dWit rptd; Myaj;jpy; eilngw;w kfhrptuhj;jpup epfo;Tfs; (07.03.2016)

jpUf;NfjP];tuj;jpy; eilngw;w kfh rptuhj;jpup epfo;Tfs; (07.03.2016)

,e;jpa Jizj;J}Jtu; khz;GkpF = kfhrptuhj;jpup ,e;J xsp rpwg;G ,jio M.eluh[d; mtu;fis khkd;wj; jiytu; =. M. eluh[d; mtu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lNghJ fe;ijah ePyfz;ld;> jpU. kh.jtNahfuh[h> jpUkjp m.fapyhrgps;is> fyhepjp K. fjpu;fhkehjd; MfpNahu; tuNtw;wNtisapy;.

ïªJ xË

45

Gdpj ghyhtpapypUe;J gf;ju;fs; jPu;j;jk; vLj;Jte;J kfhypq;fj;jpw;F mgpN\fk; nra;fpd;wdu;.

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

epfo;Tfspd; gjpTfs;

fpspnehr;rpapy; rptG+kp kdtpUj;jpg; ghlrhiyapd; Gjpa fl;ll jpwg;G tpohtpy; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; mtu;fSk; > Md;kPfr;Rlu; up\p njhz;Lehjd; Rthkp mtu;fSk; fl;llj;ijj; jpwe;J itf;fpd;wdu;. (26.05.2016)

jpUf;NfjPr;ru Myaj; jpUg;gzpapd; ,uz;lhtJ fl;llj;jpw;fhd epjpcjtpia> ,e;jpa cau;];jhdpfu; khz;GkpF it.Nf.rpd;`h> rigj; jiytu; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ldplk; toq;fpdhu;. mUfpy; cau;];jhdpfupd; Kjd;ikr; nrayu; =kjp <\h =tj;]th mtu;fs;.

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpdhy; jpUKwpfz;bapy; mikf;fg;gLk; rutzg; ngha;if topghl;Lj;jyj;jpw;fhdJk;> tho;thjhu jpl;lkhf epu;khzpf;fg;glTs;s rpw;Wz;br;rhiy Mfpatw;wpd; fl;llq;fspw;fhd mbf;fy; ehl;Lk; epfo;T (26-05-2016)

tuzp> rhtfr;Nrupapy; rptnjhz;lu; mzpapdUf;fhd epfo;tpy; Md;kPfr;Rlu; up\p njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs;> khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld;> jpU. uh[;Nkhfd; MfpNahUk; epfo;tpy; gq;Fnfhz;l rptnjhz;lu; mzpapdUk;.

rk;G+upy; Gduikf;fg;gl;LtUk; = turpj;jp tpehafh; Myaj;jpidg; ghu;itapl;lNtis.

ïªJ xË

300 Mz;Lfs; rpiwj;jz;lid tpjpj;Jj; jPu;g;gspf;fg;gl;l uFgjpru;kh mtu;fis kd;dpg;gspj;J tpLtpf;Fk;gb> rpthr;rhupahu;fs;> kw;Wk; khkd;wj; jiytu; MfpNahu; Kd;idehs; [dhjpgjp khz;GkpF re;jpupfh gz;lhuehaf;f FkhuJq;f mtu;fisr; re;jpj;Jf; Nfhupf;if tpLj;jdu;.

46

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

epfo;Tfspd; gjpTfs;

NjtpGuk;> FUNjtu; mwnewpg; ghlrhiy Gjpa fl;llj; jpwg;Gtpohtpy; Md;kPfr;Rlu; up\p njhz;Lehjd;> Rthkp fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd;> khkd;wj; jiytu; fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; MfpNahu; jkpo; ghuk;gupa Kiwg;gb tuNtw;fg;gl;ldu;. Gjpa fl;llj;ij Md;kPfr;Rlu; up\p njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfspd; jhahu; jpwe;J itj;jhu;fs;.

NjtpGuk;> FUNjtu; mwnewpg; ghlrhiy Gjpa fl;llj; jpwg;Gtpohtpy; fye;Jnfhz;l gpuKfh;fs;.

jpUf;NfjP];tuk; = rghuj;jpd Rthkpfs; njhz;lu; rigapd; Md;kPfg; ngUtpoh (06-03-2016) epfo;tpy; fye;Jnfhz;l ,e;jpa Jizj;J}Jtu; = M.eluh[d;> jpU. v];.jpahfuh[h (STR) kw;Wk; jpU. jpUkjp jk;G Jiuuh[h.

eapdhjPtpy; mikf;fg;gltpUe;j Gj;ju; rpiy tptfhuk; njhlu;ghf tlkhfhz MSeu; khz;GkpF nu[pNdhy;l; $Nu mtu;fis khkd;wg; gpujpepjpfs; re;jpj;jNghJ.

mT];jpNuypah-rpl;dpapy; cyf irtg; Nguitapd; tpohtpy; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; mtu;fs; nrhw;nghopthw;wpaNtis.

rk;G+u; kPs;FbNaw;w epfo;tpy;> kPs;FbNaw;w mikr;ru; khz;GkpF Nj.k.Rthkpehjd;> vjpu;f;fl;rpj; jiytu; khz;GkpF ,uh.rk;ge;jd;> fpof;F khfhz khz;GkpF MSeu; x];upd; ngu;dhd;Nlh MfpNahUld; miog;gpd;Ngupy; fye;J nfhz;l mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; jpU. rp.jdghyh> jpU. rp.j.rp.mUshde;jd;> jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld;> jpU. Nt.fe;jrhkp> jpU. rp.jpy;iyeluh[h.

Njrpa rftho;T kw;Wk; fye;Jiuahly;fs; mikr;ru; khz;GkpF kNdh fNzrd; mtu;fisr; re;jpj;Jf; fye;JiuahbaNtis. ,-t: jpU. n[.epNuh\;fhe;> rp.jdghyh> rp.jpy;iyeluh[h> j.kNdhfud;> Nt.fe;jrhkp> rp.j.rp.mUshde;jd;> fe;ijah ePyfz;ld;> kh.jtNahfuh[h> rpt= f.itj;jP];tuf;FUf;fs;> jpU. f.ghyRe;juk;

ïªJ xË

47

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

epfo;Tfspd; gjpTfs; Kd;idehs; nghJr; nrayhsu; fyhepjp Kj;ijah fjpu;fhkehjd; epidTg; NgUiu epfo;Tfs;

mkuu; fyhepjp Kj;ijah fjpu;fhkehjd;

jpUkjp fjpu;fhkehjd; mtu;fspd; mQ;ryp

rf;jp ,y;y khztpfspd; ,iwtzf;fk;

khkd;w cgjiytupd; mQ;ryp

khkd;wj; jiytupd; mQ;ryp

jkpoUtp j.rptFkhud; mtu;fspd; epidTg; NgUiu

nksd mQ;ryp

nghJr; nrayhsu; rp.jpy;iyeluh[h ed;wpAiu

nfhOk;G tpNtfhde;j rigapy; eilngw;w mkuu; RNue;jpud; mtu;fSf;fhd epidNte;jy; epfo;Tfs;

jpUkjp RNue;jpud; mtu;fs; mkuUf;fhd mQ;ryp tzf;fk; nra;fpwhu;.

jpU.kh.jtNahfuh[h mtu;fspd; mQ;ryp

jpU. tpNtfhde;jd; ciu

tpj;Jthd; tre;jh itj;jpaehjd; ciu

jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; ciu

jpU.I.jp.rk;ge;jd; mtu;fSf;F ‘r%frPyu;’ tpUJ. =y= MWKfehtyu; rigapd; ru;tNjr ,izg;ghsUk;> irtj;jkpo; Mu;tyUk;> khkd;wj;jpd; “,e;J xsp”ia ru;tNjr mstpy; nfhz;L nry;gtUkhfpa jpU. I.jp.rk;ge;jd; mtu;fSf;F> gpupj;jhdpa irtj; jpUf;Nfhapy;fs; xd;wpak; “r%frPyu;” vd;w tpUij toq;fpf; nfsutpj;Js;sJ. ,yz;ldpy;> gpupj;jhdpa irtj; jpUf;Nfhapy;fs; xd;wpak;> fle;j Vg;uy; 30 Kjy; Nk 01Mk; jpfjp tiu elhj;jpa “eluh[ jj;JtKk; jpUke;jpuKk;” vDk; njhdpg;nghUspyhd 17MtJ khehl;bd; NghJ Nkw;gb tpUJ jpU. I.jp.rk;ge;jd; mtu;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.

ïªJ xË

48

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

ïªJ xË

49

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

khk‹w¢ brŒâfŸ

ïªj¢ RlÇš...

mkuh; fyhepjp Kj;ijah fjph;fhkehjd;

ñ

mQ;ryp epfo;Tk; epidTg; NgUiuAk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; nghJr; nrayhsuhfg; gzpahw;wp> ,t;tUlk; ngg;utup khjk; kiwe;j fyhepjp Kj;ijah fjph;fhkehjd; mth;fSf;F mQ;ryp nrYj;Jk; tifapy; cyf irt Nguit> nfhOk;G tpNtfhde;j rig> nfhOk;G kfsph; ,e;J kd;wk;> ,e;J tpj;jpah tpUj;jp rq;fk; Mfpa epWtdq;fSld; ,ize;J khkd;wk; Vw;ghL nra;jpUe;j rpwg;G epfo;Tk; epidTg; NgUiuAk; fle;j khh;r; khjk; 13Mk; jpfjpad;W fhiy nfhOk;G gk;gyg;gpl;b ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikapy; ,lk; ngw;w ,e;j epfo;tpd; NghJ> jkpoUtp j. rptFkhud; “vkJ gz;ghL: md;Wk; ,d;Wk;” vd;w njhdpg; nghUspy; epidTg; NgUiu epfo;j;jpdhh;.

Md;kPfr;Rlhpd; mUs;kly;

3

ñ

ehNf];tup mk;ghs; Nfhapy; tuyhW

4

cah;rf;jp = GtNd];thp gPlj;jpy; tPw;wpUe;J mUs;ghypf;Fk; mk;gpif

7

eapidg; Gyth; ehtpy; ehfg+\zp mk;kd;

12

ehfkzpg; Gytupd; eapid khd;kpaKk; ehfk;ghSk;

14

eapdhjPTk; mjd; gd;Kff; fyhrhuKk;

19

ñ ñ

ñ ñ

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; r%f eyd; FOj; jiytuhf njhz;lhw;wp> ,uj;kyhid nfhOk;G ,e;Jf; fy;Yhup khzth; tpLjpapd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;L> mjid tpUl;rkhf;fpa ngUikf;Fupa mkuh; itj;jpa fyhepjp f. NtyhAjgps;is mth;fsJ Nritia kwthJ khkd;wk; tUle; NjhWk; epidTg; NgUiuia Vw;ghL nra;J elj;jp tUfpwJ. me;j tifapy;> ,t;tUl epidTg; NgUiu fle;j khh;r; khjk; 14Mk; jpfjpad;W khiy ,uj;kyhid rf;jp ,y;yk; khzth; tpLjpapy; eilngw;wJ. khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikapy; ,lk;ngw;w Nkw;gb epfo;tpy; gpujk tpUe;jpduhf If;fpa mnkupf;f `tha; irt MjPdk; Md;kPfr;Rlh; up\p njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs; mth;fSk; rpwg;G tpUe;jpduhf ,uj;kyhid nfhOk;G ,e;Jf; fy;Yhup mjpgh; jpU v];. n[af;Fkhh; mth;fSk; fye;J nfhz;ldh;.

Md;kPfr;Rlh; up\p njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs; “nra;td jpUe;jr; nra;” vDk; nghUspy; epidTg; NgUiuahw;wpdhh;.

1

ñ

ñ

itj;jpafyhepjp f. NtyhAjgps;is epidTg; NgUiu

gŠr òuhz§fŸ

eapdhjPT = ehfG+\zp mKjRugp md;djhd rigapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; 22

ñ

ehfG+\zp me;jhjp

24

ñ

eapid ehNf];tup Njhj;jpukhiy

25

ñ

eapid ehfG+\zp mk;kd; jpUT+Q;ry;

26

ñ

Njtp gQ;rfk;

27

ñ

‘mKjRugp’

27

ñ

kNdhd;kzp khiy

27

ñ

ehnfÞtÇa«ik gâf«

28

ñ

ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; topapy; Md;kPf vOr;rp

30

ñ

ñ

Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfh; Rthkp tpGyhde;j mbfshhpd; nghd; nkhopfs; 32 aho;g;ghzj;J rpj;jh; rptNahf Rthkpfs;

33

jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; gQ;rGuhzk; XJk; tof;fhW Vw;gl;lik 35

ñ

ñ

nfhkhjhî« rh‹nwh® guhkÇ¥ò«

ñ

khkd;w itutpoh rpwg;Gkyh; ntspaPl;L epfo;T 37

ñ

khk‹w¢ brŒâfŸ

ñ

khkd;wf; fy;tpf;FO elhj;jpa fye;Jiuahly; 42

ñ

khk‹w¢ brŒâfŸ - epidTg; NgUiu

36

38

48

,e;j epfo;tpd; NghJ> tpLjp khzth;fsJ gpwe;j jpd itgtKk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. ïªJ xË

50

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

khkd;wj;jpd; itutpoh kyu; ntspaPl;L epfo;T - nfhOk;G (29-05-2016)

nfhOk;G nfhk;gdpj;njU = rptRg;gpukzpa Rthkp Myaj;jpypUe;J Cu;tyk; Gwg;gLfpwJ

Cu;tyj;jpy; itutpohr; rpwg;G kyu; itf;fg;gl;l gPlj;ij jhq;fpathW njhz;lu;fs; tUif

itutpoh rpwg;G kyu; itf;fg;gl;l gPlj;jpdUfpy; Md;kPfr;Rlu; up\p njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs;

,-t: jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; (ciu)> utPe;jpuNkhfd;> itutpoh kyu; rpwg;Gg;gpujpia re;jpuh [aul;z> khz;GkpF x];upd; ngu;dhd;Nlh> jpU. f.fdf-<];tud;> khz;GkpF Nf.rp.NyhNf];tud;> tz. kUjhry mbfshu;> jpUkjp m.fapyhrgps;is Md;kPfr;Rlu; up\p njhz;Lehjd;> khz;GkpF ,uh.rk;ge;jd;> mtu;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; khz;GkpF kNdh fNzrd;> khz;GkpF mupe;jk; gf;\p nfhs;fpwhu;.

fpof;F khfhz vjpu;f;fl;rpj; jiytu; MSeh; khz;GkpF khz;GkpF ,uh. x];upd; ngu;dhd;Nlh rk;ge;jd; mtu;fis mtu;fis khkd;wj; jiytu; khkd;wj; jiytu; nfsutpj;jNtis nfsutpj;jNtis

VIV fhg;GWjp epWtd mjpfhup jpU.re;jpuh [aul;z ciu

khkd;w cgjiytu; rpd;dj;Jiu jdghyh mtu;fs; tuNtw;Giu.

Ng&uhjPd ,isagl;lk; kUjhry mbfshUld; Nky;khfhz MSeh; khz;GkpF Nf.rp.NyNf];tud; mtu;fs; mstshtpa Ntisapy;

irtKd;Ndw;wr; khz;GkpF kNdh ,e;jpa gjpy; rq;fk; fNzrd; mtu;fSf;fhd cau;];jhdpfu; (gpupj;jhdpah) nfsutj;jpid khkd;w khz;GkpF jpU. r%feyd; FO nrayhsu; mupe;jk; gf;\p utPe;jpuNkhfd; jpU n[. epNuh\;fhe; ciu ciu toq;Ffpwhh;

fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; Ng&uhjPd = v];. Rg;gpukzpak; nrl;bahu; mtu;fSf;fhd nfsutj;ij ,isagl;lk; rPu;tsu;rPu; khkd;wg; nghUshsu; jpU. kUjhry mbfshu; mtu;fs; epfo;tpy; mtu;fspd; Md;kPfg; fye;Jnfhz; Nt.fe; jrhkp toq;fpa ïªJ xË 51 lNtis NgUiu Ntis

rf;jp ,y;y khztpfspd; ,iw tzf;fj;Jld; epfo;tpd; epiwT. J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá

ïªJ xË

52

J®K» tUl« á¤âiu - itfhá