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RlÂŽ - 01

k‚kj tUl fhŽ¤âif¤ â§fŸ 19M ehŸ (05.12.2015)

ĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆĂˆ

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fpof;fpyq;ifapy;

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Nghw;wpNahk; ekr;rp tha vd;why; kWg;gjw;F VJkpy;iy. flypd; jhyhl;bYk;

Gaq;fNd kaq;F fpd;Nwd;

Nghw;wpNahk; ekr;rp tha rpw; w hWfspd; mutizg; g pYk; > new; f jph; f spd;

Gfyplk; gpwpnjhd; wpy;iy FtpaypYk; flTis ghbg; gutpath; f s; ,g; g Fjp

Nghw;wpNahk; ekr;rp tha kf;fs;. khkhq;fg; gps;isahh; Kjy; cfe;ij KUfd;

Gwnkidg; Nghf;fy; fz;lha; tiu gyE}W Nfhapy;fs; fpof;fpyq;ifapy; vOr;rp

Nghw;wpNahk; ekr;rp tha ngw;W ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUtij ehk; ngUikNahL

rara Nghw;wp Nghw;wp!

WŸMLV mXQMUŸkä w�- N½ZŠ P†)XKŠ–J]Š EU¯- LW£I–J…O ­I°e½QJK- I\�- EIK‹O NKN½ZŸ vLj;Jiuj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.

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jpUth tLJiw Nte;jNdhL ePs epide;jbNad; cikepj;jYq; ifnjhONtd; thsd fz;klths; mts;thb tUe;jhNk Nfhspyp vk;ngUkhd; Fz;ila+h;r;rpy ney;Yg;ngw;Nwd; Mspiy nak;ngUkh dital;bj; jug;gzpNa!

MYk; mjw;Nf KjYkhk;

mwpe;Njhk; mhpitngha; ahjNj!

ĂĄtbjhŠlÂŽ khehL - ehtyÂŽ ĂƒidĂŽ M‚Ûf vG¢å¥ fU¤ju§F ĂĄwÂĽĂŁjĹ“

âU¼gťyhŠL

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mz;lq; fle;j nghUs;ms

tpy;yNjhh; Mde;j nts;sg;nghUs;

gz;Lk; ,d;Wk; vd;Wk; cs;snghUs;

vd;Nw gy;yhz;L $WJNk!

mÂťy ĂŻy§if ĂŻÂŞJ khkâ&#x20AC;šwÂŤ, mWgjhtJ MŠL Ă&#x192;iwitbahÂŁo kÂŁlÂĄfs¼ò kŠĂ&#x201A;ĹĄ ĂĄtbjhŠlÂŽ khehÂŁilĂ­ÂŤ, ehtyÂŽ Ă&#x192;idĂŽ Mâ&#x20AC;šĂ&#x203A;f vG¢å¥ fU¤ju§ifĂ­ÂŤ, kÂŁlÂĄfs¼ò khtÂŁl ĂŻÂŞJ ĂŻisPÂŽ nguitĂ&#x2020;â&#x20AC;š xG§F mDruizĂ­lDÂŤ, ÂťHÂĄFÂĽ âU¼òuhzÂŤ gĹĄfiyÂĄfHf ĂŻÂŞJ khztÂŽ kâ&#x20AC;šw¤ââ&#x20AC;š

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nghq; f y; topghL NtW vq; F k; fhzKbahJ. kfhghujj;J ehafpahfpa jpnusgijapd; ngauhy; jpnusgij mk;kDf;F gy Nfhapy;fs; mq;Fz;L. me;epaNu mjph;e;J NghFk; tifapy; mw;Gjk; epfo;e;j nfhf;fl;br;Nrhiy jhd;Nwhd;wP];tuh; jpUf;Nfhapy; fpof;fpyq;ifapd; irtg;ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; fUt+ykhf ,d; W k; fhl; r paspf; f pwJ. taYk; tay; rhh; e ; j epyj; j pYk; ,e; J f; flTsh; f spd; Nguhy; ,th; f s; Ngzpa Mly; ghly; tPuk; nrwpe;j epfo;r;rpfs; ahTk; vkJ ghuk;ghpaq;fis vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpd;wd.

Rthkp tpGyhde;jiug; ngw;nwLj;j fpof;fpyq;if kz;Zf;F <oj;J ,e;Jf;fs; vd;Wk; ed;wpf;fld; gl;lth;fNs. Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; ,e;Jg; ghlrhiyfis fpof; f pyq; i fapy; Njhw; W tpj; j J kl; L kd; w p jpUNfhzkiyapYk; ,e; J f; fy; t pr; r hiyfs; vOtjw;F tpj;jpl;lth;. Kj;jkpo;g; Nguhrphpaiu je;j fpof; f pyq; i f Qhdguk; g iuiaAk; cUthf; f pa ngUikf;FhpaJ. gz;bjh;fs;> ghtyh;fs;> Gyth;fs;> irtf; FUkhh;fs; fpof;fpyq;ifapy; rka tsh;r;rpf;F Mw;wpa njhz;L kpfTk; kfj;JtkhdJ. gz;bjh; tP.rP.fe;ijahgps;is> Gyth;kzp nghpajk;gpg;gps;is Nghd;w tpw;gd;dh;fs; ghJfhj;J tsh;j;j ghuk;ghpak; ,d;Wk; njhlh;fpwJ. ,yq;ifg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rptg;nghypNthL fOj;jpy; cUj;jpuhl;r khiyNahL irtj;Jf;Fk; jkpo; ,dj;Jf;Fkhf ,d;W fh;r;rpf;Fk; nfsut ghuhSkd; w cWg; g pdh; NahNf]; t ud; mth; f s; <oj; J ,e; J f; f Sf; F fpilj; j mUk; nghf; f p\k; vdyhk; . fpof; f pyq; i fapy; ,e; J kjj; j pd; tsh; r ; r pf; f hf md; W k; ,d; W k; mauhJ cioj; J tUk; gz; G ilahiu ghuhl; b mth; f s; gzpia njhluNtz; b aJ ,d; i wa vjph; f hyj; jiyKiwapd; flikahFk;. ey;iy efh; ehtyh; ngUkhid Mz;LNjhWk; fpof;fpyq;if tho; kf;fs; epidT $h;e;J ngUtpoh vLj;J tUfpwhh;fs;. tlf;fpy; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; epidT itgtk; tpkhpirahf eilngw;WtUfpwJ. tlf; i fAk; fpof; i fAk; Md; k P f f; fuq; f shy; mutizf; F k; mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd; w k; mjw; f hd ey; y jpl; l q; f is nraw; g Lj; j p tUtJ fhyj;jpd; fl;lhakhf mike;Js;sJ.

thœ¤J jtnkhL Nts;tp tho;f jhdK kwK tho;f rptdU Nshq;fp Nkyhk; rptnewp nropj;J tho;f ghtKk; gopAk; tPo;e;J gudUs; jd;dh nyd;Wk; irtKk; jkpOk; tho;f juzpap Ys;NshUa;a!

ïªJ xË m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya¤â‹ btËpL

ehty® Ãidî M‹Ûf vG¢á¡ fU¤ju§F áw¥ãjœ k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif 19M« ehŸ (05.12.2015)

MáÇa® FG : âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹ fyhÃâ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh âU. j. kndhfu‹ âU. m. fdfNÇa® xU ãuâÆ‹¬ Éiy %gh 50.00 tUlhªj¢ rªjh (cŸehL) %gh 300.00

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2

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

mUŸ klš

fpof;fpy; Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; Qhdr;Rlh; vd; g J Kw; W k; cz; i k. gyjlitfs; nts; s g; ngUf;fhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F rhe;j Rthkpfs; Nehpy; nrd;W mhprp nfhLj;J kf;fspd; Jaiug; Nghf;fpapUf;fpwhh;. jPh;f;fjhprdkpf;f Nahfh; Rthkpfs; rhe;j Rthkpfis fpof;Nf mDg;gpajw;F epiwe;j fhuzk; cz;L. mtw;iw nrhy;Yk; jFjp vkf;fpy;iy. ,Nj fhyg; gFjpapy; Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; kw;WnkhU rPluhfpa nry;yj;Jiu RthkpfSk; rhe;j RthkpfSld; ,ize;J fpof;fpyq;if kf;fSf;F Mw;wpa NritfSk; kwf;f Kbahjit. fpof;fpyq;ifapy; cUthd rptnjhz;ld; epiyak; tlf;fpYk; tho;tspj;jJ. mq;F tpise;j ney;; tlf;fpYk; rptdbahh;fSf;F mKjkhfpaJ. “ghLgl;L ciog;gjw;Nf ,g; g hhplk; nrhe; j k; Iah” vd; w Gythpd; thpfs; ngWkjpahdit. rhe;j Rthkpfspd; Mj;kfP RthrpgG; tPz;Nghftpy;iy. Rthkpfspd; ghriwapy; tsh;e;j fy;tpkhd; xUthpd; ike;jNd ,d; W tlf; f pYs; s rptnjhz; l d; epiyaj;jpd; fhtydhf tpsq;Ffpwhh;. aho;gg; hzk; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;jpy; tpsf;Nfw;wp g+ir topghL nra;J mq;F Vw;wg;gl;l QhdjPgj;ij mizatplhJ ghJfhf; F k; rptnjhz; l h; Kusp mth;fSf;F irt cyfk; ed;wpff; ld; gl;Ls;sJ. fpof;fpyq;ifapy; Vw;wg;gl;l Rlh; ,d; W aho; g ; g hzk; rptnjhz; l d; e p i ya j;i j nt sp r;rkh f ;Ff p wJ. ,itnay; y hNk Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; jpUtUshy; epfo;fpwJ. fpof;fpyq;ifapy; thOk; Mjutw; w Foe; i jfSf; F Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; NguUshy; mnkhpf;fhtpy; Njhw;wk;ngw;w `tha; irt MjPdk; njhlh;e;J cjtp tUfpwJ. `tha; irt MjPdj;ij Njhw;Wtpjj ; th; Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; rPlh; Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; vd;gJ midtUk; mwpe;jNj. Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; Mj;kPf miy fpof;fpyq;ifapy; njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mbNad; gy;NtW Nritj; jpl; l q; f spd; epkpj; j k; fpof; f pyq; i f kf; f is gy jlitfs; re;jpf;Fk; NgW ngw;Nwd;. mth;fspd; jpwe;j cs;sk; fz;L g+hpg;gile;Njd;. Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; jpUtUspdhYk;> ey;yhrpapdhYk; fpof;fpy; Qhdguk;giu NkYk; njhlUk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

cyfk; Nghw;Wk; Mj;kQhdp jtj;jpU Nahfh; Rthkpfs;

fpof; f pyq; i f kP J cah; e ; j kjpg; G nfhz; b Ue; j th; . ,jd; tpisthf ,q; f pyhe; j pypUe; J tUifje; J Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; QhdjP l ; i r ngw; w th; f Ss; ,yq;ifapd; Ms;gjpahf tpsq;fpa Nrhy;ghpg;gpuGtpd; kfd; Kjd;ikahdth;. rhe;j Rthkpfs; vd;gJ ,tuJ jPl;rhehkk; MFk;. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; jdJ rPlh;fSs; xUtuhf tpsq;fpa rhe;j Rthkpfis “fpof;Nf Ngh! fpof;fpNy Qhdr;Rlh; gpufhrpff; Ntz;Lk;” vd MrPht ; jpjJ ; mDg;gpitj;jhh;. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; gpuGj;Jt FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;j rhe;j Rthkpfis “Rk;kh ,Uf;fhNj> fhL ntl;b Nrw;Wf;Fs; ney; tpijj;J Nrhw;iw cz;gJ cah;e;j jtk;” vd;Wk; nrhy;yp itj;jhh;. klj;jpypUe;J fz;iz %b jpahdpg; g J kl; L k; flTs; topghL my; y . fhl;il ntl;b ehl;Lf;F cfe;j ey;y fhhpak; nra;tJk; cah;e;j khh;f;fk; vd Rthkpfs; cgNjrpj;jhh;. rhe;j Rthkpfs; kl;Lefh; nrd;W nrq; f yb fpuhkj; j py; Fbnfhz; L mbath;fSld; Nrh;eJ ; rptnjhz;ld; epiyak; mikj; j hh; . gy Vf; f h; fhl;L epyq;fis tay; epyq;fshf khw;wpdhh;. jhNd coT ,ae;jpu tz; b ia ,uT gfy; nrYj; j p gRikg; Gul;rp nra;jhh;. rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;ij new;Ftpay; fsQ;rpakhf epiwj;jhh;. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; nrhd;d nrhy; Y f; F ,yf; f zkha; Nrhy; g hp ike;jd; GJik nra;jhh;. rhe; j Rthkpfspd; Qhdg; g hijia njhpe;J nfhz;l kl;Lefh; kf;fs; mtiu ehbtuj; njhlq; f pdh; . rptnjhz; l d; epiyak; rptdbahh; $l; l j; j hy; epuk; g paJ. jtr; r hiyahf nrq; f yb rpwg;Gw;wJ. rptj;njhz;ld; tshfk; KOtJk; fdpjU kuq; f Sk; ,iwtpUl; r q; f Sk; %ypif kuq; f Sk; ePsepoyhfpaJ. Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; fdT edthfpaJ. fpof;fpyq;ifapy; Mj;kPf QhdKila gyh; fhyj;Jf;F fhyk; Njhd;wpAs;sdh;. ,q;Fs;s kf;fspd; ituhf;fpa gf;jpia Nahfh; Rthkpfs; nkr;rpAs;shh;. jPf;Fs; ele;J flTis Ntz;Ljy; nra;tJk;> fhy;eilahf fjph;fhkk; nry; t Jk; fpof; f pyq; i f kf; f spd; mghu gf; j papd; milahsq;fs; vd Rthkpfs; Nghw;wpdhh;fs;.

Nahfh; Rthkpfs;> rhe;j Rthkpfis nrq;fybf;F mDg;gpaJ nraw;fUk; nra;if nra;thh; vdf; fUjpNa ïªJ xË

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ng%® MÔd ïisag£l« ïy§if tUif m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ mWgjhtJ M©L Ãiwitbah£o, átbjh©l® khehL«, ehty® Ãidî M‹Ûf vG¢á¡ fU¤ju§F« ïUehŸ bgUÉHhthf obr«g® 5M«, 6M« âfâfËš k£l¡fs¥ò eht‰Flh RthÄ Éòyhdªj® mH»a‰ f‰iffŸ ÃWtd mu§»š eilbgwÉU¡»wJ. ïªj ÃfœÉš fyªJbfhŸtj‰fhf ïªâah ng%® MÔd ïisag£l« tz¡f¤â‰FÇa Ó®ts®Ó® kUjhry mofsh® tUif jU»wh®. Mu«gehŸ ÃfœÉ‹nghJ ït® Máíiu tH§fÉU¡»wh®. ïu©lh« ehŸ ÃfœÉ‹nghJ (06.12.2015) fhiy áw¥òiuah‰Wth®. Ó®ts®Ó® kUjhry mofsh® ï«khj« 7M« âfâa‹W bfhG«ò Éntfhdªj rigÆY«, g«gy¥ã£o ruÞtâ k©lg¤âY« eilbgwÉU¡F« Ãfœ¢áfËY« fyªJ bfhŸsÉU¥gJl‹, f. bgh. j (rh/j) gߣir vGJ« khzt®fS¡F Máí« tH§Fth®. 8M« âfâa‹W m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ mDruizíl‹ t¤jis ïªJ k‹w« xG§F brŒâU¡F« Ãfœ¢áÆY« mofsh® fyªJ bfh©L gߣir vGJ« khzt®fS¡F Má tH§Fth®. m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ miH¥ig V‰W tUifjU« tz¡f¤â‰FÇa Ó®ts®Ó® kUjhry mofsh® mt®fis ïy§if thœ ïªJk¡fŸ rh®ghf khk‹w« m‹òl‹ tunt‰»wJ.

(nk‰go ïUehŸ ÃfœîfŸ bjhl®ghd KGikahd Ãfœ¢á Ãuš ïªJ xËÆ‹ 38M«, 39M« g¡f§fËš btËah»ÆU¡»wJ.) ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ

Xk;fhuk; - jj;JtKk; kfj;JtKk; ,UspypUe; J gpufhrj; J f; F cah; j ; J tjd; milahsf; Fwpg;ghfNt Xk;fhuj;ijf; fUjp te;jdh;. ,e;Jkjj; jj;Jtq;fspd; Mjhukhd gpuk; k j; j pd; njsptpd; fz; N zhl; l khd cUtk; ,J. Xk;fhuk; cr;rhpf;Fk; NghNj me;jr; rpd;dk; kdjpy; cjpf;Fk;. ,e;Jkj fz;Nzhl;lj;jpw;F Nky;, rPff ; pa, Gj;j, i[d kjq;fspYk; Xk;fhuj;ij ,Nj mh;j;jj;jpy; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. Xk;fhuj;jpd; nghUs; Nfhzq;fis tphpthf Mrhhpah; tpthpj;Js;sdh; vd;whYk; fsq;fkw;w ,iw g[dk; vd;gNj n[gj;jpd; rhuk;. xOq;fhf Xk;fhuk; n[gpf;Fk; egh; jd;dpy; ,ay;ghf ,Uf;Fk; kpUfj;jd;ikia mfw;wp tho;f;if ntw;wpapy; te;J NrUthh;. ‘m’ ‘c’ ‘k’ vd;w %d;W vOj;Jf;fspd; Nrh;f;ifNa Xk;fhuk; vd;gJ. ,jpy; mlq;fpapUf;Fk; xt;nthU vOj;jpYk; jdpg;gl;l nghUs; mlq; f pAs; s J. ‘m’ vd; g J MjpiaAk; , ‘c’ vd;gJ cah;itAk;, ‘k’ vd;gJ kpjp(msT) iaAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. mjdhy; Xk;fhuj;ij gilg;G epiyfspd; gpujpepjpf;Fk; rf;jpahf rpwg;gpj;Js;sdh;.

Gz;zpa Guhz E}y;fSk;, Mrhhpah;fSk; Xk;fhuj;ij tpthpj;Js;sdh;. mtw;wpy; Ntjq;fs;, cgep\jq;fs;, gftj;fPij Kjypait cl;gLk;. epue;jukhd Xk;fhu n[gj;jhy; NjNte;jpud; mRuh;fspd; jPa rf;jpia vjph;nfhz;l fijfs; mjh;t Ntjj; jpy; fhzyhk; . ïªJ xË

gpuk;kj;ij mwpa Xk; cgNahfpf;fyhk; vd;W a[_h; Ntjk; $Wfpd; w J. fNlhgdp\j; Xk; f huj; i j gug; u k; k khf rpwg; g pf; f pd; w J. Xk; f hu jpahdk; gukhj;khTld; Mj;Jk If;fpak; ngw cjTk; vd;W Kz;lNfhgdp\j; Nghjpf;fpd;wJ. gftj;fi P japy; = fpU\;z gfthd; jd;id Xirfspy; Xk;fhukhfNt Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sijf; fhzyhk;. NahfR+j;jpuj;jpy; gjQ; r yp kfhp\p Xk; f hu xypia ,t; t hW rpwg;gpf;fpd;whh;. Xk;fhu xypia ,iwailahskhff; nfhz;L njhlh;r;rpahf Xk;fhu n[gKk; jpahdKk; nra;Ak; xU egUf;F rkhjpaila ,aYk; vd;fpd;whh;. etPd Afj;jpYk; Rthkp tpNtfhde;jh;, mutpe;j ukz kfhp\pkhh; Kjypa mNefkhd Nkijfs; Xk;fhuj;jpd; rpwg; G f; f is Fwpg; g pl; L s; s dh; . Muk; g Kk; KbTk; ,y;yhj Xk;fhuj;ij Nky;ehl;bdh; mq;ff P hpf;fj; jahuhf ,Uf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; mwpT Fd;wpa mNefkhd kf;fs; ,g; N ghJk; ,ij kjr; r pd; d khfNt fUJfpd; w dh; .

Mdhy; Xk;fhuk; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; MjhukhdJ vd;w cz;ik mth;fSf;Fj; njhpahky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. Xk;fhu n[gj;jhYk; jpahdj;jhYk; Nghh;fNs elj;jp ntw;wp ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUg;gth;fis ,e;j irgh; Afj;jpYk; fhzyhk; vd; g Nj ep[k; . ,iwtDk; Xk; f huKk; xd;Wjhd; vd;gNj fz;lwpT. (ed;wp : Xiyr;Rtb) 4

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

tpehafNd ntt;tpidia NtuWf;f ty;yhd; ãŸisah® bgU§fij vd¥gL« Éehaf® Éuj« et«g® 26M« âfâ Mu«gkh» mDZo¡f¥g£L tU»wJ. ï«khj« (obr«g®) 16M« âfâa‹W Ãiwî bgW»wJ.)

tpehafh; topghL tpehafh; tzf; f j; j py; xU rpwe; j gFjp jiyapy; Fl; b f; n fhs; t Jk; fhJfisg; gpbj; J Njhg; G f; f uzk; NghLtJk; MFk; . ,jw; F g; Guhz tuyhWfspypUe; J MjhuKk; fhl;lg;ngw;Ws;sJ.

tpehafh; topghL kpfTk; njhd;ikahdJ. Vida vy;yh nja;t topghl;ilf; fhl;bYk; kpf vspa Kiwapy; topgl VJthdJ tpehafh; topghL vd;gNjhL kl;Lky;y tpehafiu topgl;lhy; rfy nja;tq;fisAk; mt;topghL Ngha;r; NrUk; vd;gJk; rpwg;Gf;FhpaJ. thf;Fz;lhk; ey;y kdKz;lhk; khkyuhs; Nehf;Fz;lhk; Nkdp Elq;fhJ-g+f;nfhz;L Jg;ghh; jpUNkdpj; Jk;gpf;if ahd;ghjk; jg;ghky; rhh;thh; jkf;F (xsitahh;)

“gpbaj DUTUik nfhskpF fhpaJ tbnfhL jdjb topgL kthplh; fbfz gjptu tUspdd; kpFnfhil tbtpdh; gapy;typ tyKiw apiwNa” vd Qhdrk;ge;jg; ngUkhd; tpehafiug; Nghw;wpg; ghbAs;shh;. nrbia ntl; b dhy; kP z ; L k; NthpypUe; J nrb Kisf;Fk;. mJNghy; tpidiaf; fise;jhy; kPz;Lk; tpid jsph; f ; F k; . NtiuNa mfo; e ; J vLj; J tpl; l hy; nrb Kisf; f hjy; y th? - mt; t z; z k; tpidfspd; Ntiu mfo;e;njLf;Fk; nja;tkhf tpehafg; ngUkhd; tpsq;Ffpwhh;. tpehafg; ngUkhdpd; ngUik vOj; J f; F k; nrhy; Y f; F k; mlq; f hjJ. fw; g fjU epidj; j ij nay;yhk; juty;yJ. mNjNghd;W tpehafUk;> jd;id topgLNthh; epidj;jit vy;yhk; xUq;Nf juty;yth;. mjdhy;jhd; fw;gf tpehafh; vd;w ngaiug; ngw;Ws;shh;. vLj;j fhhpak; vspjhf> ntw;wpfukhf> ,d;gkakhf Kba Ntz;Lk; vd;w ngUtpUg;gk; midtUf;Fk; cz;L. mjid epiwNtw;wp itg;gth; tpehafg; ngUkhd;. jpUthf;Fk; nra;fUkq; if$l;Lk; nrQ;nrhw; ngUthf;Fk; gPLk; ngUf;Fk; -cUthf;Fk; Mjyhy; thNdhUk; MidKfj; jhidf; fhjyhy; $g;Gth; jk;if. (fgpyNjth;)

tpehafNd ntt;tpidia NtuWf;f ty;yhd; tpehafNd Ntl;if jzptpg;ghd; - tpehafNd tpz;zpw;Fk; kz;zpw;Fk; ehjDkhe; jd;ikapdhy; fz;zpw; gzpkpd; fzpe;J. (fgpyNjtehadhh;) tpehafg; ngUkhid tzq;fp topgl;Lr; nra;Ak; ve; j nthU ew; f hhpaKk; ,ila+wpd; w p epiwTngWk; . ,tiu tzq; f hky; Muk; g pf; F k; fUkq; f Sf; F tpf;fpdk; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ek;gpf;ifapdhy; tpehafUf;F tpf;fpNdRtuh; vd;w ngah; Vw;gl;lJ. jdf;F Nky; xU jiytd; ,y;yhjth; tpehafh; vd;gJ ,tuJ jpUehkj;jpypUe;Nj mwpaKbfpwJ. (tp - Nkyhd> ehafh; - jiyth; vd; W nghUs; g Lk; ) ,th; jpUNkdp QhdkakhdJ. jk;ik topgLk; md;gh;fSf;F ehSk; mUs; toq;Fk; ts;sy;. mbath;fsJ ,d;dy;fisg; Nghf;fp ,d;gj;jpy; ,Uj;JtNj mth;gzp. vt;tplj;Jk; epiwe;J epw;gth;. Xk;fhu tbtpdh;.

Fkhu r\;b tpujk; tpehafg; ngUkhDf;Fhpa tpujq;fSs; ,JTk; xd;W. gps; i sahh; Nehd; G vd; W k; gps; i sahh; ngUq; f ij vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk; ,t;tpujkhdJ> fhh;j;jpif khjj;J g+uiziaj; njhlh;e;J tUk; (Nja;gpiw) gpujik jpjpapy; Muk;gkhfp khh;fop khjj;J mkhthiriaj; njhlh;e;J tUk; (tsh;gpiw) r\;b jpjp tiuapyhd ,Ugj;njhU ehl;fSf;F mDl;bf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e; j tpujj; i j Nkw; n fhs; N thh; ,Ugj; n jhU ,iofs; nfhz;l E}ypid fhg;ghf mzpjy; kuG. ,e;jf; ïªJ xË

fhg; g pid Mz; f s; tyf; fuj; j pYk; ngz; f s; ,lf; fuj; j pYk; mzpth; . xU ehisf; F xU gyfhuk; vd; w fzf;fpy; ,Ugj;njhU ehl;fSf;Fk; ,Ugj; njhU tpjkhd gyfhuq;fisr; nra;J tpehafUf;F ieNtj;jpak; itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jpdKk; tpehafh; mfty; > fw; g f tpehafh; fhhparpj; j p khiy> tpehafh; ftrk; Kjyhdtw;iw ghuhazk; nra; a Ntz; L k; . ,e; j tpujj; i j mDl; b g; g jdhy; rj; U Ngjk; fisag; g LtJld; xt; n thUthpdJk; ,y; y j; j py; nry;tk; nropf;Fk;| mth; jk; cs;sj;jpy; Qhdk; ngUFk;.

5

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

k£l¡fs¥ò kht£l ehlhSk‹w cW¥ãd® kh©òÄF Ó. nahnfÞtu‹ mt®fsJ (jiyt®, k£l¡fs¥ò kht£l ïªJ ïisP® nguit)

thœ¤J¢ brŒâ vkJ ehL mªÃaÇ‹ M£áÆ‹ ÑÊUªj fhy¥gFâÆš mt®fsJ kj¢bršth¡F, jÄœ k¡fsJ k¤âÆš MHkhf CLUÉ¢ br‹W bfh©oUªjntisÆš jÄiHí« irt¤ijí« ghJfh¡F« fhtydhf¤ njh‹¿a ešiy ef® ehty® bgUkhid irt¤jÄœ k¡fŸ v‹Wnk kwªJÉl KoahJ. mJnghynt, »H¡»y§ifÆš njh‹¿a RthÄ Éòyhdªj® mofshU« ehty® tÊËW irt¤jÄœ ts®¢á¡F mU«gÂah‰¿ÆU¡»wh®. ït®fŸ ïUtiuí« jÄœTW« ešYyf« ï‹W« ngh‰¿¥ ghuh£L»wJ. nkšeh£L ehfÇf¤â‰F« thœ¡if Kiw¡F« moikah», jÄÊd« j‹Åiy jt¿¤ j¤jˤjntisÆš mt®fS¡F xU tÊfh£oahf - fy§fiu És¡fkhf És§»at® ehty® v‹W jªij brštehaf« mt®fshš áw¥ghf¥ ngh‰w¥g£lt®. <H« thœ jÄÊd¤â‹ Äf beU¡foahd fhy¤âš ehty® njh‹¿ gÂòǪâuhâU¥ã‹ jÄHUila tuyhnw ntWÉjkhf mikªâU¡F« v‹W« jªij bršth ehtyU¡F òfœkhiy N£oÆU¥gijí« eh« Ãid¤J¥ gh®¡fnt©L«. m¤jifa bgUik¡FÇa ehty® bgUkhid Ãidî TU« tifÆš vkJ ÉjªJiu¥ig V‰W m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« tUlªnjhW« »H¡»H§ifÆY«, RthÄ Éòyhdªj mofshU¡F ahœ efÇY« bgUÉHh vL¤J tUtJ ngh‰Wj‰FÇaJ. irt¤jÄœ ghJfhty®fshf¤ âfœªj ïU bgÇah®fËdJ« Ãidthf tl¡ifí« »H¡ifí« M‹Ûf NœÃiyfshš ïiz¡F« xU Ãfœthfnt ï¤jifa Ãidî¥ bgUÉHh¡fŸ mikªâU¥gij¢ áw¥ghf¢ brhšy nt©L«. tHiknghy ï«Kiwí« ešiyef® ehty® bgUkh‹ Ãidthf M‹Ûf vG¢á¡ fU¤ju§F«, átbjh©l® khehL«, m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« jdJ mWgjhtJ M©L Ãiwitbah£oa áw¥ò Ãfœthf k£l¡fs¥G ãunjr¤âš eilbgWtijÆ£L bgÇJ« k»œ¢áail»‹nw‹. ÃfœÉš fyªJ bfhŸtj‰fhf ïªâah ng%® MÔd ïisag£l« tz¡f¤â‰FÇa kUjhry mofsh® v§fŸ óÄ¡F tUif jUtij bgU« ngwhfnt fUJ»nwh«. ïUehŸ bgUÉHhthf eilbgW« ïªÃfœitbah£o ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ M‹Ûf ïjHhd "ïªJ xË" áw¥ãjHhf btËtuÉU¥gJ« ghuh£L¡FÇaJ. irt¥gÂíl‹ r_f ey‹ k‰W« fšÉ¥ gÂfisí« ehlshÉa ßâÆš M‰¿tU« m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ mU«bgU« nritfis¥ ghuh£LtJl‹, »H¡F k©Âš ïl«bgW« ehty® Ãidî M‹Ûf vG¢á¡ fU¤ju§F«, átbjh©l® khehL« áw¥ghfî«, bt‰¿fukhfî« mikant©L« vdî« thœ¤J»‹nw‹.

ïUgjhtJ tUl¤âš ïªJ xË m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ M‹Ûf ïjHhf btËtªJ bfh©oU¡F« "ïªJ xË" g¤bjh‹gJ tUl§fis Ãiwî brŒJ bfh©L ïUgjhtJ tUl¤âš fhyo vL¤J it¤âU¥gij Äfî« k»œ¢áíl‹ bjÇɤJ¡ bfhŸ»‹nwh«.

1996 M« M©L et«g® 24 M« âfâa‹W âU¡fh®¤âif âUehËš fhyh©ojHhf (I¥gá - kh®fÊ btËpL) m¿Kfkhd ïªJ xË, 2013 V¥uš khj¤âÈUªJ ïU khj btËplhf kyu¤ bjhl§»aJ. ï¥nghJ ïªJ xË x›bthU rŠáifí« áw¥ãjHhf btËtªJ bfh©oU¥gij áw¥ghf¡ F¿¥ãlnt©L«. ïUgjhtJ tUl¤âš mobaL¤J it¤âU¡F« "ïªJ xË" btËp£o‹ KjyhtJ ïjiH (Ôg« 20; Rl®:01) c§fŸ fu§fËš rk®¥ã¤J¡ bfhŸStâš bgÇJ« k»œ¢áail»‹nwh«.

- khk‹w btËp£L¡ FGÉd® ïªJ xË

6

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

$y$ MWKfehty® fh£oa bjh©Ley« fyhÃâ FkhurhÄ nrhkRªju«

$

y$ MWKfehty® (1822 - 1879) mt®fŸ ãwªJ, ts®ªJ gÂah‰¿a fhy¥gFâ, g¤bjh‹gjh« ü‰wh©L MF«.

M§»nyaÇ‹ Vfhâg¤âa M£áÆ‹ Ñœ, 1815 M©oš ïy§if KKtJ« bfh©L tu¥g£lJ. VG M©LfS¡F¥ ã‹d®, 1822 M©L, obr«g® khj« gâbd£lhª âfâ ahœ¥ghz¤J ešÿÇny, fªj¥ãŸis v‹gtU¡F« átfhÄ m«ikahU¡F« MwhtJ òjštuhf, ehty® bgUkh‹ njh‹¿dh®. ïtU¡F¥ bg‰nwh® ï£l bga® MWKf« v‹gjhF«. jkJ Iªjh« ta⚠ɤâahu«g« brŒa¥bg‰w MWKf«, Mu«g¤âš, ahœ¥ghz« R¥ãukÂa cgh¤âahaÇl«; ã‹ ešÿ® ntyhíj KjÈah®, bjhl®ªJ ïUghiy¢ nrdhâuha KjÈah®, ešÿ® rutzK¤J¥ òyt® M»nahÇlK«; jÄœ ïy¡»a, ïy¡fz k‰W« Phdrh¤âu üš fšÉia¡ f‰W¥ òyik bg‰wh®. jÄœ kuò¡ fšÉia¡ f‰W¤ nj¿a mt®, tlbkhÊiaí« e‹F f‰w¿ªjh®. jÄœ ïy¡»a«, ïy¡fz« jU¡f«, ntjhªj«, irtá¤jhªj«; irt ïy¡»a«; òuhz, ïâfhr§fŸ v‹gt‰¿š bgU«òyik bg‰¿Uªj MWKf«, ahœ¥ghz« bkjoÞj Äõ‹ ghlrhiyÆš nr®ªJ M§»ybkhÊ¡ fšÉiaí« f‰W¤nj®ªjh®. 1841 ïš, mnj ghlrhiyÆš jÄœ MáÇauhf¥ gÂah‰¿í« tªjh®. m¡fhyf£l¤âš, tz. Õ‰w® gh®át ghâÇahU¡F¤ jÄœ f‰ã¤J,nj®¢ábgw cjÉdh®. ehty® v§»UªjhY«, v¤jifa NœÃiyÆš j« ïsik¡ fhy¤ij¡ fʤâUªjhY«, j«Kila thœ¡if¡ F¿¡nfhis vŒJ« Ka‰áfËÈUªJ, á¿jsntD« ÉyfîÄšiy. NœÃiy¡F V‰wthW É£L¡bfhL¡fîÄšiy. mtUila kd¤â£g«, kdîWâ, ituh¡»a« v‹gdnt ïj‰F¡ fhuzkhF«. gukrka nfhsÇah®; irtghDthŒ; jÄœ ïy¡»a, ïy¡fz , á¤jhªj ü‰òyik ɤjfuhŒ; iret¤âUKiwfis Xâ cz®ªjtuhŒ; irt ÓyuhŒ; cŸS« òwK« öŒikauhŒ; átg¡âí« átdoahÇl¤J¥ ngu‹ò bfh©ltuhŒ; ešbyhG¡f« ngQgtuhŒ; át¤bjh©oš j«ik KGikahf m®¥g¤jtuhŒ; MWKf ehty® ïsik bjh£L, ïWâtiu âfœªjtuhŒ, És§»aik g‰¿, mtÇ‹ tuyh‰¿id vGâa všnyhU« F¿¥ã£LŸsd®. ïsik¡ fhy¤âÈUªnj, ehty® bjh©L cŸs« bfh©ltuhfî«; bjh©L be¿Æš eh£l« cŸstuhfî«; mj‰nf‰w kd¥gh§F, j‹dy kW¥ò, âahf«, m®¥gÂ¥ò, ïªJ xË

ituh¡»a«, e‰Fz ïašòfŸ v‹gt‰iwí« ts®¤J¡ bfh©L«; j«ik¥ g¡Ft¥gL¤â tªJŸsh®. j«ik¤ bjh©L be¿Æš KGikahfnt, KGneu CÊauhf, m®¥gÂ¥òl‹ <LgL¤Jtj‰fhf, thœehŸ KGtJ« ie£of¥ ãuk¢rÇa« nk‰bfhŸsyhdh®. j«Kila beU§»d FL«g cwÉdnuhL Tl¥ gªj ghr¤ij Éy¡» thœªJ tªjh®.

1868 M« M©L, ehty® btËÆ£l ÉŠPhd¤âš, mtÇ‹ ïsik¡fhy¤ âahf cz®îfS« ïy£áa§fS«, thœÉ‹ neh¡f§fS«, bjËthf mtuhš btË¥gL¤j¥g£LŸsd. m›ÉŠPhgd¤â‹ xU áy gFâfŸ ÑnH ju¥ g£LŸsd. "eh‹ #a tUl« Kjyhf Õ‰w® gh®átš Jiuíila 炙ÈÞ É¤âahrhiyÆny 炙ÈÞ f‰nw‹. ãyt tUl«, gh®átš Jiu¡F¤ jÄœ¥ g©ojdhnd‹. ãâuh®¢áj« eh‹ bgwÉšiy. v‹Dila jika‹kh®fŸ ehštU« ïa‹w k£L« bghUS« c¤ânahfK« cilat®fshf ïU¡fî«, mt®fËlÄUªJ bghUSjÉí« eh‹ bgwÉšiy. 劉dkhfî« nk‰Tw¥g£l ÉU¤âia eh‹ Ñyf tUl«, òu£lhâ khj« gǤâahfŠ brŒnj‹. v‹ndhL 炙ÈÞ f‰wt®fSŸS«, vd¡F¥ ㋠炙ÈÞ f‰wt®fSŸS« mnef® j§fŸ, j§fŸ r¡â¡nf‰w c¤ânahf« bg‰W thœªâU¡f f©L«, ehD« v‹ r¡â¡nf‰w c¤ânahf¤â‹ bghU£L, Ka‰á brŒÆ‹ mJ j¥ghJ á¤â¡Fbk‹¿ªjJ«, m~âšyhikÆdhš Éisí« mtkâ¥ig¥ gh®¤J«; c¤ânahf¤ij ÉU«gÉšiy. jÄœ¡fšÉ¤ Jizkh¤âu« bfh©L brŒa¥gL« c¤ânahf« tÈa thŒªj bghGJ«, mijí« eh‹ ÉU«gÉšiy... eh‹ ï›thœ¡ifÆš òfÉšiy. ïitfŸ všyht‰¿‰F« fhuz« irtrka¤ijí« mj‹ ts®¢á¡ fUÉah»a fšÉí« ts®¤jš nt©L bk‹W« nguhirnaah«," ehty® jkJ bjh©L ey¤ij¥ ngQtj‰F, vL¤j Ka‰áí«, mj‰fhf¢ brŒj âahf§fS« nkny És¡f¥g£LŸsJ. 1848M« M©L ïUg¤jhwhtJ taâš, gh®átš ghâÇahÇlÄUªJ«, ahœ¥ghz« bkjoÞj M§»y ghlrhiyÆš jh« gh®¤J tªj MáÇa¤ bjhÊÈÈUªJ«; MWKf« j«ik ÉL¤J¡bfh©lh®. Rjªâu kÅj® Mdh®. gªj ghr§fŸ, f£L¡fŸ; jisfŸ v‹gt‰¿ÈUªJ ÉLjiy bg‰whšjh‹ jh‹ RahÔdkhf¢ brašglKoí« v‹gjid 7

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

e‹F cz®ªâUªjh®. bjh©L ey« ngQtj‰F ïJ K¡»akhF«. irtrka¤â‰F«, jÄœ bkhÊ¡F«, jÄœ fšÉ¡F«, KGneu¤ bjh©ldhf j‹dyk‰w jiytdhf Mtj‰F¡ fhšnfhŸ ïl¥g£lJ. xU áwªj bjh©l‹jh‹, áwªj jiytdhfî« És§» k¡fis tÊ el¤j Koí« v‹gJ mDgt c©ik.

 M‹Ûfthâ  e‰áªjid, ešbyhG¡f«, e‹dl¤ij, e‰ng¢R e‰braš - ït‰iw cÆÇD« nkyhf X«ã tUgt®. K‹ khâÇahf elªj fh£Lgt®fŸ.  brašåu®, fUk åu®, rhjidahs®  Ku©ghLfis¤ Ô®¥gâš rhkhjhd tÊia¥ ã‹g‰Wgt®fŸ.  cl‹gh£L¢ áªjidahs®; vâ®kiw¢ áªjidfis Éy¡Fgt®fŸ.  mf thœî, òwthœî, bghJ thœî v‹gt‰¿š öa®fŸ; eLîÃiy ngQgt®fŸ; jk®, ãw® v‹w nt‰Wikíz®î m‰wt®fŸ.  r¤âa«, mÏ«ir ÉuâfŸ  "v‹ fl‹ g brŒJ »l¥gnj" v‹w ehî¡fur® mUŸ th¡»id¤ jhuf kªâukhf¡ bfh©lt®.  Úâ bjh©l®fË‹ cÆ®_¢R. Úâ tGthbe¿ KiwÆš jkJ thœ¡ifia ï£L¢ bršgt®fŸ.  á¤j¤ij¢ át‹ghš it¤jt®fŸ. á¤jky« m¿É¤J¢ át« Mdt®fŸ. m‹ng át«, c©ikna át«, Úâna át«, e‹ikna át«, mHnf át« vd¢ átka« Mdt®fŸ.  át« v§F« CLUÉ Ã‰»‹wJ. átbjh©l®fŸ áthDgt¤ij v§F« bgW»wh®fŸ. "x‹nw FyK« xUtnd njtD«" v‹D« âU_y® th¡F¡F ïz§f xUikíz®î cŸst®fŸ. mjdhš, bjh©l®j« bgUik brhšyî« bgÇnj.

bjh©L "bjh©l®j« bgUik brhšyî« bgÇnj," v‹gJ xsit th¡F. cy»‹ bgÇat‰WŸ všyh« bgÇaJ, bjh©L. irtbe¿Æ‹ kWbga®, âU¤bjh©L be¿ MF«. irt be¿Æš bjh©L¡F¤ jiyaha ïl« mË¡f¥g£LŸsJ. "FU ȧf r§fk«, _‹W« át tÊgh£o‰FÇait. ï§F "r§fk«" v‹gJ bjh©l® FHh« - átdoah® T£l« MF«. ga‹ fUjhJ, if«khW vâ®ghuhJ, ãw® e‹ikÆ‹ bghU£L¢ brŒa¥gLtJ, bjh©L, "eh‹, vdJ" v‹D« mfªij, kkijfis Ú¡»; j‹dyk‰w cŸs« cilik, bjh©L be¿¡F mo¥gilí« MjhuK« MF«. nr¡»Hh® brŒjUËa âU¤bjh©l® bgÇa òuhz«, mWg¤J _‹W eha‹kh®fË‹ bjh©L âw¤ij cyf¤jt®¡F És¡»¡ fh£Ltjhf mikªJŸsik, mªüÈ‹ áw¥ghF«. ehty® bgUkh‹ mªüÈ‹ bgUikia cz®ªJ, brŒíŸ eilÆÈUªJ mªüiy, trdeilÆš, ghkuk¡fS« És§»¡ bfhŸs thŒ¥ghf, vËikah¡»¤ jªj bjh©L; rka r_f neh¡F¡ bfh©lJ. irtk¡fŸ x›bthUtU«, bjh©L cŸs« bfh©ltuhf¤ bjh©L brŒJ thHnt©L«, v‹D« ca®neh¡Fl‹ MF«. bjh©L kd« á¤â¡Fnkahdhš kÅjÇ‹ Ä©Lkd«, kiwªJ ÉL«. j‹ Kid¥ò Ú§» ÉL«. irt¤â‹, rka, r_f neh¡»‹ ãʪj rhu« bjh©L MF«. bjh©L xU ÉGÄa«; m¤Jl‹ mJ xU thœ¡if be¿. ehty®, átbjh©L be¿iana jkJ thœ¡if be¿ahf¡ bfh©L thœªjh®. "bjh©L" v‹gJ g‰¿šyhj ÉidahF«. bjh©L, ïiwtid ÉrhǤJ, x¥òjš bg‰W, "eh‹ brŒ»nw‹." v‹w cz®it Ú¡»; "všyh« ïiwt‹ braš" vd v©Â¢ brŒa¥gL»‹w ïiwgÂahF«. bjh©L _y«, ãwÇ‹ ïl® fiHjš; mãÉU¤â; kWky®¢á¥ gÂfŸ v‹gt‰¿š, áu¤ijíl‹ <LgLjš, mw« bjh©L¡F mo¥gil m‹ò«, fUizí« MF«. ïiwíz®î«, mwbe¿Æš ËW thœtJ«, mj‰F Mjhu«.

ehty® bgUkh‹ f©l bjh©Lbe¿ ehtyÇ‹ k¡fŸ gÂfŸ, bjh©LfŸ, nritfŸ v‹gd g‹Kf¥g£ldthf mikªâUªjd. mitahtd irtrka kWky®¢áí« ÉU¤âí«; jÄœbkhÊ ÉU¤â, fšÉ ÉU¤â; r_f ey«; khDl«; muáaš - bghUshjhu ÉU¤â v‹gd rh®ªjd. ehtyÇ‹ thœ¡if¡ F¿¡nfhŸfŸ, ã‹tUkhW:  irtrka ÉU¤â; jÄœ bkhÊ ÉU¤â; ïitÆu©o‹ ÉU¤â¡F« fUÉah»a fšÉ ÉU¤â; r_f, g©gh£L¡ fyhrhu xG¡f ÉU¤â v‹gd ïitahî« mªÃa Vfhâg¤âa M£áÆ‹ Ñœ, Ó®FiyªJ, k§» kiwí« ÃiyÆš ïUªjd.  xUehL muáaš ÉLjiy bgWtj‰F K‹d®, rka, bkhÊ, fyhrhu cz®î bg‰whš; ÉLjiy KGik bgW« vd¤ âlkhf e«ãd®. mj‰fhf KGneu¤ bjh©ldhf, ciH¤jš.  j‹dhš cUth¡f¥g£l irtrka, jÄœ bkhÊ, fšÉ, kWky®¢á ïa¡f¤â‰F¤ jiyik jh§» el¤Jjš.  â£l§fis¢ bra‰gL¤Jtj‰F, át¤bjh©l® mÂia ÃWîjš; gƉáaˤjš.  jkJ F¿¡nfhŸfis miltj‰F Iªjh©L¤ â£l« x‹iw tiujš.  irtrka, jÄœ bkhÊ, fšÉ kWky®¢áÆ‹ bghU£L, irt¥ ãur§f« brŒjš, òuhz gld Kiwikia Ûsî« eilKiw¥gL¤jš.

bjh©lÇ‹ áw¥ò:  jd¡bfd thHh¥ ãw®¡FÇahs®.  m‹ò, eh©, x¥òuî, f©nzh£l«, thŒik vD« IªJ rhšòfisíila rh‹nwh®.  ml¡f«, gÂî, bghWik, r»¥ò¤j‹ik, ï‹brhš bjh©lÇ‹ mÂfy‹fŸ.  beŠáš cu«, ne®ik¤âw‹, öŒik cilat®.  m‹òtÊ, m¿îtÊ, mwtÊ, mÏ«ir tÊ, mt®fË‹ tÊfŸ. ïªJ xË

8

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif



jÄœ¡ fšÉ ÉU¤â¡F, C®fŸ njhW« ghlrhiyfŸ ÃWîjš; f‰W tšy MáÇa®fis ÃaĤjš.  jhŒbkhÊ¡fšÉ, M§»y¡ fšÉ (irtrka NHÈš) ïytr¡ fšÉ (m‹d«, tÞâu« ïU¥ãl« k‰W« ghlüšfŸ v‹gd ïytr«); všnyh®¡F« fšÉ ït‰iw eilKiw¥gL¤Jjš.  kuò¤ jÄœ¡ fšÉ ÉU¤â¡F, fhÉa ghlrhiyfŸ mik¤jš. irt¤ jÄœ kuò¡ fšÉia C¡Fɤjš.  Mya§fËš ïl« bgW»‹w Mfk Éâ, KiwfS¡F¥ òw«ghd elto¡iffis ÃW¤â; Mfk Kiw¥go äâa, ieĤâa¡ »ÇiafŸ, óir tÊghLfŸ el¤j elto¡iffŸ nk‰bfhŸsš. K¡»akhf Mya§fËš ÄUfgÈ; thz nto¡iffŸ k‰W« jhá eld§fŸ ngh‹w nfË¡iffŸ; âUKiwfŸ rhuhj ghlšfis Mya§fËš ghLjš - ïit Mfk§fŸ ÉâKiwfS¡F Énuhjkhdit. ït‰iw ÃW¤Jjš.  irt rka« rh®ªj ãuò¡fŸ, Mya j®kf®¤jh¡fŸ, Mya FUkh®, órf®fŸ k‰W« tÊgLnth® M»nahÇilna fhz¥g£l KiwnfLfŸ, jfhj el¤ijfŸ, gŠrkhghjf¢ bra‰ghLfŸ, irt¥ g©gh£L, xG¡f ÛwšfŸ v‹gt‰iw¡ f©Lão¤J; f©ld§fŸ, ÉŠPhgd§fŸ btËÆLjš.  irtrkÆfis, kjkh‰w« brŒtj‰F vL¡f¥gL« elto¡iffS¡F, vâ® elto¡if vL¤jš.  irt¤ jÄœ k¡fË‹ bghUshjhu, muáaš fyhrhu, r_f nk«ghLfS¡fhf ciH¤jš. m¿ahikna, všyh ïl®ghLfS¡F« - r_f ca®î jhœîfŸ; rhârka¥ óršfŸ; kjkh‰w§fŸ c£gl _yfhuz« v‹gij cz®ªj ehty®, xU f‰nwh® rKjha¤ij cUth¡F« Ka‰áfËš <Lg£lh®. mj‰fhf Iªjh©L¤ â£l« x‹iw tiuªjh®; bra‰gL¤J« elto¡iffËY«, m®¥gÂ¥òl‹ <Lg£lh®.

kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fspd; fl;likg;G kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ,e;Jg; gz;ghl;L kugpd; jdpj;Jtj;jpw;F> ,k;khtl;lnkq;Fk; epiwe;Js;s rpwpadTk; nghpadTkhfpa Nfhapy; f Ns rhd; W gfUfpd;wd. gz;ghl;L Nth;fs; Mokhfg; Gije;J NghapUf; F k; epWtdq; f shff; Nfhapy; f isf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpd; jpUf;Nfhapy;fis gy;NtW fl;likg;gpy; tifg;gLj;jKbAk;. ,Jtiuapyhd tifg;gLj;jypy; rptdhyak; > tp\; Z Myak; > tpehafh; Myak; > rf;jpNfhapyf; s;> KUfd; Myak; Vida gpw Myaq;fs; vd nja;tPf mbg;gilapNy tFf;fg;gl;bUg;gjidf; fhzKbfpwJ. MapDk;> kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lr; r%f tuyhw; w paYld; njhlh; g hd tifapy; khtl; l Myaq;fis tifg;gLj;Jifapy>; kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjr ,e;Jg; gz;ghl;bd; jdpj;Jtkhd gz;Gfs; gytw;iw mtjhdpff; KbAk;. kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjr ,e;Jf; Nfhapw; fl;likg;gpidg; gpd;tUk; mbg;gilapy; RUf;fkhf Nehf;fKbAk;: 1. kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjr Guhjd fhyj;jdTk; rpije;j rpthyaq;fSk;.

2. Njrj;Jf; Nfhapy;fs; vdg; Gfog;gLgit.

3. ,e; J g; gz; g hl; L kWkyh; r ; r papd; Clhf tsh;r;rpngw;w ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fs;.

4. rpw;wurh;fspd; ghpghydj;jpw;Fl;gl;l Myaq;fs;.

5. njhopy;rhh; epiyaq;fspy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;w Nfhapy;fs;.

6. fpuhkpaf; Nfhapy;fs; vd tifg;gLj;jyhk;. ,t; t hW jpUf; N fhapy; f spd; tuyhWfis tifg;gLj;Jk;NghJ rhjpfspd; tuyhWfSlDk;> Ch;g;ngah; tuyhWfSlDk; njhlh;ghd tifapy; Myaq;fs; njhlh;Ggl;bUg;gijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjr Nfhapy;fs; gw;wpa Ma; T fs; r%ftpay; gz; g hl; L ,Ug; i g NkYk; typAWj;Jtdthf mike;Js;sd. gpuhkzh;fs; fphpiafs; nra;Ak; Nfhapyf; s;> fg;Gfdhh; g+ir nra;Ak; kz;^h; Nfhapy;> g+rhhpkhh; rlq;F nra;Ak; Nfhapy;fs;> irtf; FUkhhpd; ghpghydj; j pYs; s Nfhapy; f s; > Ch; g ; n ghpath; f s; g+ir nra; A k; Nfhapy; f s; vdg; gytifapYk; fhzg;gLfpdw ; d. ,tw;NwhL fpuhkpaf; Nfhapy;fspy; mlq;Fk; nghpajk;gpuhd;> tPugj;jpuh;> ituth; Nfhapy;fSk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;

ehty® tF¤j Iªjh©L¤ â£l« "ešbyhG¡fK«, ÉntfK«, fšÉÆš ÉU¥gK«, ïilawh Ka‰áí«, Mnuh¡»aK« cila, ïUgâ‹k® ts®¤j ãŸisfŸ gߣir brŒJ tUlªnjhW« nj®ªbjL¡f¥gLt®. ãw¥ò¥ g¤âu¤J¡F¥ gâyhf, mtut® rhjfK« gh®¡f¥glyh«. ca®th»a fUÉ üšfS«, rka rh¤âu§fS« IªJ tUlfhy« f‰ã¡f¥gL«. IªJ tUl§fËš üW khzt®fŸ, ïUgâ‹k® bfh©l IªJ tF¥ãduhŒ, ehty® fiy¡fHf¤âny ïU¥g®. tUlªnjhW« IªJ tUl¥ gƉá ó®¤âahd ïUgâ‹k® btËnaw, ntW òâa ïUgâ‹k®, gߣir brŒJ nr®¡f¥gLt®. tUlªnjhW« f‰W btËnaW« ïUgâ‹kÇš xU gFâah®, rka¥ ãurhufuhfî«; k‰iwnah® f‰W tšy cgh¤âaha®fŸ Mfî« gÂÆš mk®¤j¥gLt®. ït®fS¡F¤ bjhÊš thŒ¥ò« V‰gL¤â¡ bfhL¡f¤ â£l« tF¡f¥g£LŸsik F¿¥ãl¤j¡fJ. ehtyÇ‹ öuâU£oí«, brašâwD«, bjh©L eyK«, áªâ¥gj‰F« ngh‰WjY¡F« cÇad. ïªJ xË

- ng.Nghpd;guhrh.

(ed;wp :- kl;lf;fsg;Gj; jkpofj;jpy; ,e;Jg; gz;ghL - 2003) 9

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

,e;J rkaj;jpy; MWKfehtyhpd; vOr;rpAk; Ntj rpthfknewpapd; kWkyh;r;rpAk; fyhepjp gpuk;k= k. ghyifyhrehjrh;kh

rk];fpUj rpNu\;l tphpTiuahsh;> Rthkp tpGyhde;jh mofpay; fw;iffs; epWtfk;> fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;

MWKfehtyh;

nra;jth;fspy; Kjd;ikahdth; MWKfehtyNu. mth; nra;j jkpo;g; gzpAk; rkag; gzpAk; fhyj;jhy; nra;j mUk;ngUk; nraw;ghlhFk;.

Vl; b ypUe; j gy goe; j kpo; E}y; f is> Kjd; Kjyhf mr;R thfdk; Vw;wpdhh;. me;j Jiwapy; gpd;G cioj;jth;fSf;F mtNu topfhl;bahdhh; . nra; A spy; ,Ue; j nghpaGuhzk; > jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; Mfpatw; i w ciueilapy; vOjpdhh; . mth; vOjpa ciueil E}y; f Sf; F fzf; N f ,y; i y. jkpopy; Kjd; Kjyhff; FwpaP L fs; Nghl;L ciueil vOjpath; ehtyNu. nra;Aspy; ,Ue; j “ed; D }w; W fhz; b if ciu” vd; w E}iy “,yf;fzr; RUf;fk;” vd;w ngahpy; ciueilapy; vOjp vy;NyhUk; jkpo; ,yf;fzk; gbj;Jg; gad; ngw toprikj;jhh;. jkpo;g; gps;isfs; jkpo;nkhopiaf; fw;gjw;fhf mth; vOjpa “ghyghlk;”, irtj;ijf; fw;gjw;fhf mth; vOjpa “irttpdh tpil” vd; g d me; j f; fhyj;jpw;Fg; GJikahd E}y;fs;. ciuahrphpah;fsJ ciueil Nghyd;wp ehtyh; vOjpaJ vspa> ,dpa jkpo; eil. mjdhNyjhd; jkpo;$W ey;Yyfk;> mtiuj; “jkpo; ciueilapd; je;ij” vd;W Nghw;Wfpd;wJ.

ngUkhidg; g w; w p epidf; F k; Nghnjy; y hk; 'ey; i yefh; ehtyh; gpwe; j pyNuy; nrhy;Yjkpo; vq;Nf RUjp vq;Nf vy;ytUk; Vj;jGuhz Mfkq;fs; vq;Nf gpurq;fk; vq;Nf Mj;jdwpntq;Nf miw" vd;W rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is mth;fspd; Nkw;fz;l Mjq;fg;ghly; ahUf;Fk; epidtpw;F tuhky; NghfhJ. aho; g ; g hzk; - ey; Y }hpy; ehtyh; ngUkhd; tho;e;jpUe;j me;j 19 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; mt;Ntis irtkjKk;> irtj;jkpo;f; fy;tpAk;> irtg; gz;ghLk; vjph;Nehf;fpa ,lh;ghLfSk; fw;wwpe;Njhh; ed;F czh;e;j xd;Nw. fpwp];jt kp\dhpkhUld; Mrphpag; gzpGhpe;J fpwp];jt Ntj E}yhd tptpypaj;ijj; jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;Jf; nfhLj;j MWKf ehtyh; fpwp]; j tkjj; i jg; gug; g Nkw; n fhz; l cghaq; f isNa jhKk; gpd; g w; w p irt rka tpopg; G zh; i tAk; rkak; rhh; e ; j jkpowpitAk; gug; g Nkw; n fhz; l mauhj gzpfs; fhyj; j hy; kwf;fKbahjit.

Muk; g j; j py; jpz; i zg; gs; s pf; $ lk; %yk; khzth;fSf;F ,ytrf; fy;tp toq;Fk; Kiwia Muk;gpj;jy;> irtj; jkpo;g; ghlrhiyfis Muk;gpj;J ,ytrkhf fy;tp fw;gpj;jy;> irtrkak; kw; W k; jkpo; nkhop Mfpatw; W f; f hd E}y; f is vOjpg; gjpg;gpj;J mtw;iwr; nrt;tNd fw;gpj;jy;> rkaf; fy;tpiaf; fl;lha ghlkhf;fpaik> Kiwrhh;ej ; fy; t p xUGwkhdjhy; Jz; L g; g puRuq; f s; > Mya gpurq; f q; f s; %ykhd Kiwrhuhf; fy; t pia rpwg; g hf toq; f paik> mjprpwe; j Njhh; khzth; guk; g iuia cUthf; f paik Nghd; w mUk; n gUk; fhhpaq;fis jd;dyk; fUjhJ Mw;wpa Gfo; G+j;j ngUkfd; MWKfehtyh; mth;fspd; fy;tp r%f> rkag;gzpfs; tp];jhukhdit. fy;tpapd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; ey;nyhOf;fj;jpw;Fk; Md;k <Nlw;wj;jpw;Fk; toptFg;gjhFk; vd;w jPhf ; f ; khd nfhs;ifiaf; nfhz;bUe;j ehtyhpd; fy;tpg; gzpfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fd.

Ntj rpthfknewp irt rka kWkyh; r ; r papd; je; i j vdTk; Ie;jhk; Futh; vdTk; rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;LtUk; =y= MWKfehtyh; irtrkaj;jpNy Ntjrpthfk newpahy; tOth njhOq;Fk; irtrka gpurhufuhthh;. rka jPl;ir> tpN\l jPl;ir> epUthz jPl;ir> Mr;rhh;ah mgpN\fk; vd;Dkpitfis ngw;Ws;sth;fs;> rptjPli ; rapy;yhj itjpfg; gpuhkzh; ifahNyNa tpG+jp thq;Fjiyf; fz;L ,J rpthfk tpNuhjnkd;W Jzpe;J mjid ePf;ff; fUjp mth;fsplj;Nj tpG+jp thq;fhj xU epakj;ij MWKfehtyh; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.

Mjyhy; rptjP l ; i rAilNahh; m/jpy; y hjhiu tzq;FjYk;> mth;fisr; rpuhj;jk; Kjypa gpjph; fhhpaq; f Sf; F thpjYk; > mth; f spd; ifahNy tpG+jp thq;FjYk;> mth;fisf; nfhz;L rpthfkg; gpukhzq; f Sld; fl; l g; g l; L gpujp\; i l nra;ag; ngw;w Nfhapy;fspNy G+ir> jpUtpohf;fs; nra; t pj; j Yk; gpwTkhfpa ,itfnsy; y hk; Ntj rpthfk newpfSf;F tpNuhjnkd;gijAk;> ,g;gbr;

jkpo; ciueilapd; je;ij 19 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy;jhd; jkpo; kf;fs; ey;y ciueil vOjj; njhlq;fpdh;;. mg;gzp ïªJ xË

10

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

nra; N thh; ahnjhU gaidAk; milakhl; l hh; f s; vd;gijAk; MWKfehtyh; typAWj;jp te;jJld;> jdJ gpurhuq;fspNy Mzpj;jukhf nrhy;ypAk; te;jhh;.

MWKfehtyhpd; gpurhuq; f s; vOr; r p ngw; W tUk; fhyj; j py; Fwpg; g hf <oehl; b Ny tho; e ; j me;jzh;fs; r%fKk; itjpfnewp> rpthfknewp vd ,U rk;gpujhaq;fis typAWj;jp Kd;ndLj;J te;jJ. Ntjnewpahy; te; j itjpfg; gpuhkzh; f s; rpyh; jk;kplj;jpNy tpG+jp thq;fhikapdhy; mth; Nkw; Nfhgk; nfhz;L> Gwk;Ng ehtyh; ngUkhidj; J}\pj;jhh;fs;. mj;Jld; epy;yhJ rptngUkhdpd; jpUNkdpiaAk;> Md; k hf; f Sf; F kyj; i j nfLj; J Qhdj; i j cjpg;gpj;J Nkhl;rj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; ,ay;gpidAila rpthfkq;fisAk; epe;jpj;jhh;fs;. mth;fs; nra;Ak; epe; i jfisr; rpy gpuGf; f s; (mf; f hy murpay; jiyth; f s; ) Nfl; L > NkYk; rpthfk newpia epe;ij nra;Ak;gbAk; itjpfg; gpuhkzh;fis Vtp tpl;lhh;fs;.

nra;ahJ tpl;lhu;fs;. itjpfg; gpuhkzu;fis nfhz;L guhu;j;j G+i[ nra;tpj;j NfhapyjpfhupfSs; mNefu; itjpfu;fis ePff ; p rptg;gpuhkzh;fisf; nfhz;L G+i[ nra;tpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;fs;. itjpfg; gpuhkzu; ifahNy tpG+jp thq; F k; tof;fj;ijAila rptjPli ; r ngw;w mNefkhNdhu;> mtu;fs; ifahNy tpG+jp thq;fhJ tpl;lhu;fs;. ,e;jg; gpurhuk; jPl;irngw;NwhUf;F kupahij elj;jiyAk;> mtu;fs; irth;fshfNt tzq;fg;gLjw;F Nahf;fpaijAilatu; vd;W rpthfkq;fspNy nrhy;yg;gl;bUj;jiyAk; mwpe;j itjPf newpia gpd;gw;wp te;j gpuhkzh;fs; mNefh; jPl;ir ngw;W rptG+i[ nra;J rpthfk newpiag; gpd;gw;wj; njhlq;fpdhh;fs;.

Ntj rpthfknewpfs; rpwg;Gg; ngw;wik <oehl;bNy rpthfknewpAk;> Muha;r;rpAk;> rptG+i[ rpwg; G k; > Njthu jpUthrf ghuhaz XirAk; > rptG+i[f;F ,d;wpaikahj rpwg;Gs;s G+i[ kzpapd; XirAk; rpwg;Gld; gutj; njhlq;fpd. itjpf newpkhu;f;fKk;> rpthfk newp khh;f;fKk; ,ize;J Ntjrpthfk newpahf rpwg;Gld; jioj; Njhq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. irtrkaj;ij gug;Gtjw;nfd;Nw jpUttjhuQ; nra;j irtg; gpurhufuhfpa MWKf ehtyu; ngUkhDk; Ntjrpthfk Ngjkpd;wp ,uz;ilAk; xd;wpizj;J> Ntjrpthfk newpfshf rpwg;Gld; tho itj;J jpwk;glr; nra;jth; vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ. MWKfehtyhpd; kWkyh; r ; r papd; gz; G jhd; rpthyaq; f spy; gz; Z ld; jpUKiwfs; XJtJ> Guhzgld gbg;gJ> fjhg;gpurq;fk; nra;tJ> Ntjhfk rpthfk newpfis gpwo tplhJ filg;gpbj;J tUtJ> tpuj Kiwfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ> rptjPl;ir ngWjy;> cUj;jpuhf;fk; jupj;jy;> rptgQ;rhl;ru [gk; nra;jy;> jkpo; irtg; gzpfs; nra;tJ vd;gd NkYk; tYg; ngw; W kWkyu; r ; r pAld; > irtkf; f s; njspTld; ,e;Jrkaj;ij gpd;gw;Wtjw;F Kd;ndLj;J nrd;wtu; MWKfehtyNu MFk;. Ie;jhk; Futu; vd rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; MWKfehtyu; tpl;Lr; nrd;w gzpfis Kd;ndLj;J nry;tJjhd; ,d;W ehk; vkJ rkaj;jpw;fhf nra;Ak; mUk; gzpahFk;. MWKfehtyupd; fdTfisAk; ep[khf;FtNj ,d;iwa nraw;ghlhfNtz;bAs;sJ.

ehtyhpd; nraw;ghL rpthfk epe;ijiaAk;> rptdbahh; epe;ijfisAk; xUNghJk; nghWf; f khl; l hj irtg; g purhufuhd MWKfehtyh;> Je;Jgp tUlk; khrp khjk; gj;njhd;gjhk; jpfjp (1862) jkJ tpj;jpahrhiyapNy Ntjk; nghJ E}nyd; W k; > Mfkk; rpwg; G E}nyd; W k; itjpf newpkhh;f;fj;jpy; xOFNthh; Gz;zpa Nyhfq;fis milthh;fnsd;Wk;> rpthfknewp khh;ff ; j;jpy; xOFNthh; rhNyhfk;> rhkPgk;> rh&gk; vd;Dk; gjKj;jpfisAk; rhAr;rpakhfpa guKj;jpiaAk; milthh;fs; vd;Wk;> mNef gpuhkzq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;b tpsf;fk; nfhLj;J gpurq;fpj;jhh;.

MWKfehtyhpd; ,g; g purq; f j; J f; F tpNuhj khfpa itjpfg; gpuhkzh; rpyh;> gpuGf;fis mZfp> mth; f Sila cjtpapdhNy itjpf newpiag; gpd;gw;Wgth;fNs cah;e;jth;fs; vd;Wk;> mth;fis rpthfk newpiag; gpd;gw;Wgth;fs; topglyhnkd;Wk;> jhq;fs; guhh;j;j G+i[ nra;a tpjpAz;L vd;Wk;> jk; i kg; gpd; g w; w p tUfpd; w th; f Sf; F gpuGf; f spd; mDruizAld; gy ntFkjpfisAk; nfhLj;J rpthfk newpahsh;fSld; tpthjq;fSf;Fk; Kd;te;jhh;fs;.

Mdhy; itjpfnewpapy; te;j me;jzh;fs; tpthj rigapy; vOe; J ehtyUf; F Kd; NgRtjw; F rf;jpaw;wpUe;jhh;fs;.

,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; gzpfs; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wKk; MWKfehtyiu ed;wpAld; epidT $u;eJ ; gy tUlq;fshf MWKfehtyu; FUG+irjpdj; i j rka gpd; G yj; N jhL elhj; j p tUfpd;whu;fs;. fhyj;jpd; Njit fUjpa E}y;fis mr;rpl;LtUjy;> irtrkaj;jtu;fSf;F Njitahd mbg; g ilr; rkaNjitfis ngw; W f; nfhLj; j y; > rka Muha; r ; r pfisAk; > ,e; J khehLfisAk; elhj;Jjy;> trjpaw;NwhUf;F Kjw;fz; cjtp Gupjy;> Mya eilKiw tplaq;fSk;> tpohf;fSk; rupahf nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w mth> rpthr;rhupahu;fs;

[dq;fspd; njspT ,itfis mwpe;j rhjhuz [dq;fs; ehtyh; nrhy ;tNj rh];j pu r k ; k j n k d T k ; > j q ; f i s miyj;jth;fshfpa itjpf gpuhkzh;fs; nrhy;tJ mrk;kjk; vdTk; njspe;J nfhz;lhu;fs;. njspT Vw; g lNt itjpfg; gpuhkzu; f Sf; F nfsutk;> te;jdk; nra;J te;j mNdfu; mtw;iwr; ïªJ xË

11

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; Nkk;glNtz;Lk; vd;w vjpu;g;ghu;g;G> ,e;Jf;fs; midtUk; rptjPl;ir ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiyg;ghL> irt Nghrdq;fis cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;w gof;ftof;fq;fs; Nghd;w midj;J nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; Nkk;gl cioj;J tUgtu;fs; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wNk vd nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. ,jD}lhf ehtyupd; gzpfs; tpLglhJ njhlu;fpd;wd.

Fwpg; g hf ,e; J ,isQu; f spd; tpopg; G zu; T NkYk; tYg; g Lj; j rptnjhz; l u; mzpapdiu cUthf;fp ,isQu;fspd; nraw;ghLfSf;F ew;rpe;jidNahL ,lkspj;J ,e;J rkaj;ij tYg;

gLj; j ptUfpd; w hu; f s; . jpahdk; > Nahfhg; g pahrk; > gpuhzhahkk;> thjg;gpujpthjq;fs;> ,isQu; muq;F tpthjNkil> r%frkag; gzpfs; > jd; d ykw; w ew; g zpfs; vd vkJ rkaj; j tu; f is mizj; J Fwpg; g hf ,isQu; f s; > Atjpfs; kj; j papy; ,e; J rka tpOkpaq;fs; tpj;jpl;L nry;Yk; gzpfisAk; MWKfehtyu; topapy; mtupd; ghzpapy; tsu;j;J tUtJ irtj;jkpo; cyfpy; tuNtw;fg; gLfpd;w nrayhf miktNjhL rka vOr;rpf;Fk;> kWkyu; r ; r pf; F k; rpe; j idA+l; L k; nraw; g hLfshf ,Ug;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ehty® bgUkh‹ ãukhâ tUl« fh®¤âif¤ â§fŸ 21M« ehs‹W (05.12.1879) kf« e£r¤âu¤âš ïiwao nr®ªjh®. mªj tifÆš ï«khj« (obr«g®) 2 M« âfâ ehty® FUóir âdK«, 5 M« âfâ Ãidî âdK« mDZo¡f¥gL»wJ. ï›tUl« 136 MtJ Ãidî âd« v‹gJ F¿¥ãl¤j¡fJ. ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ

ey;iyapy; cjpj;j ehtyh; ngUkhd; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh;

»H¡»y§if jªj nguhrh‹ K¤jÄœ ɤjf® RthÄ Éòyhdªj®, ahœ k© bg‰bwL¤j irt¤ jÄœ¡ fhty‹ $y$ MWKfehty® bgUkhid¥ ngh‰W« tifÆš Noa ghkhiy;

njhy;ypay; tOthr; irtE}w; Gyth; J}newpj; jkpOiu ahsh;

ey;ypaw; Gyth; ,irjUk; Gyth; ehlf etpw;wpa Gyth;

nrhy;ypaw; nwhifE}y; thdE}y; jUf;fk; NjhkW fzpjE}y; Kjyhk;

gy;fiyg; Gyth;f;F ciwtpl khfpg; gue;jpir naa;Jk;aho;g; ghzk;

Fye;jU nry;td; mWKfg; ngaUk; Nfhjpy;rPh; xOf;fKk; kUtp

eye;jU fy;tp Nfs;tpahy; epiwe;J ew;wkpo; tlnkhop Flghy;

epye;jU kd;dh; nkhopapit Azh;e;J ePLrPh; KUfNd nad;d

mye;jth;f; Fjtp epide;jJ Kbf;Fk; Mw;wYk; ngw;Wah; tile;jhd;!

Mhpah; Mop Nte;jnud; wtdp Gfo;e;Jiu mspf;fey; Y}hpw;

rPhpa nrq;Nfhy; nrYj;jpa Nte;jh; nrd;wgpd; irtepe; jidnra;

G+hpah; Ml;rp Gf;fJ fz;L nghwhJGz; zpaj;jpir ele;j

Nehpay; Qhd tpsf;nfD Kdptd; epiwGfo; kuGNkk; glNt!

jd;dpay; Gzuj; jiytd jpay;G rhw;wpa irtE}y; gyTk;

kpd;dpay; rilahh; mUspdhy; mr;rpy; NkTjy; eynkdj; Jzpe;J

gd;dy kpFe;j nrd;idkh efh;f;Fg; glh;ju ntz;zpehd; kiwfs;

Jd;dpepd; Nwj;Je; njhy;gjp njhOJ njhiytpy;rPh; MtL Jiwapy;

jpy;iytho; $j;jd; jpUtU SUthk; rPh;r;rpt fhkRe; jhpahh;

vy;iyapy; fUizf; nfhs;fy kha vopw;rpt fhkpahh; tapw;wpy;

ey;iytho; fe;jd; mUspdhy; ey;iyf; fe;jh;jk; jtg;ga dhf

tpy;iyNeh; Ejyhh; fz;tiyg; glhj nka;j;jtd; kfntd cjpj;jhd;.

ghtyh; Nghw;Wk; QhdNj rpfiug; gzpe;jt uhizapd; tz;zk;

G+tyh; nfhd;iw Gide;jth; Gfiog; GykpF kwpth; $l;Lz;zf;

fhtyh; tpag;g ciuj;jply; Nfl;Lf; fUiz$h; Njrpfh; ,th;f;F

ehty nuDk;Ngh; jFnkd mspj;jhh; Qhyj;jhh; jFe;jFk; vd;d

ïªJ xË

12

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

nrhy;Yjy; ty;yhd; Nrhh;tpyd; mQ;rhd; JzpTnfhs; rpe;ijahd; mtid

nty;Yjy; ahh;f;Fk; mhpnjd ciuj;j nka;k;kiwg; nghUl;fpyf; fhfp

ey;iyap Yjpj;j ehtyh; ngUkhd; eye;jpfo; nrd;idkh efhpd;

vy;iyia ez;zp ,aw;fiy gug;Gk; ,ae;jpuk; thq;fpa gpd;dh;

ciuAzh; tpwe;j jdpKjy; fUiz cUTnfhz; Lynfy;yhk; gae;j

tiukfs; ctif tpopapdhw; gUf khjth; tho;j;njhyp naLg;gg;

giuAU tha khkzp kd;Wl; gjQ;ryp ahJepd; whLk;

tpiufko; nfhd;iwj; jhhpdh uhly; tpUk;gpte; jkuUk; gzpthh;;

fUizNa AUthq; fz;Zjw; ngUkhd; foypidg; gjpe;j Ts;sj;jhh;

mUizkhy; tiuapd; rhuypw; rpd;dhs; mkh;e;jdh; jpUklj; jjpgh;

nghUzpiw jkpod; Gyj;Jiw Kw;Wk; Gz;zpah; jftpid naz;zpj;

njUzpiw AuNtha; <z;L eP itfr; rpe;ij nra; jply;eyk; vd;whh;.

mj;jpw kha jpy;iyak; gjpapy; Mfk msitahw; rike;j

tpj;jff; Nfhapw; NfhGuq; fz;lhh; tpopfzPh; ngUfnka;k; kwe;jhh;

gj;jh;rPh; guTk; ey;iyeh tydhh; ghhpdpw; gd;Kiw tpOe;jhh;

mj;jNu nad;whh; mk;ikNa nad;whh; Mbdhh; ghbdhh; md;ghy;.

jk;ik aPd;nwLj;j ahopay; ehl;bw; irtkhQ; rkaKk; Gyth;

nrk;ikNr Usj;jpw; nghype;jKj; jkpOk; rPUwg; gzpgy Ghpjy;

,k;ikapw; gpwtpf; fpiae;jkh jtnkd; nwz;zpNa tpilngw;W kPz;lhh;

vk;ikAk; gae;j <okh ehl;bd; ,izapyhg; ngUepjp aidahh;

khkzp kd;Wl; bUelq; fz;lhh; kdnefpo;e; Jilath; ghjk;

ghkzp khiyg; gDtyhw; gutpg; gy;gfy; gphpe;jfh jydhh;

jhkzp ikapNy tUjy;fz; Ltif jioj;jnky; ypanydj; jsh;e;jhh;

G+kzpr; rpyk;gp ndhypnrtpg; glYk; GJikNrh; kUl;ifAw; nwOe;jhh;!

fbfko; nfhd;iwj; jhhpdhh; mofpw; fhjYw; WUFnka; ad;gh;

tbapiy Ntw;f zuk;igah; thpDk; kjpj;jplh uhjypd; tpjpj;j

gbapdpw; W}a newpGf epide;J gbfypq; fj;jpdpw; wiytd;

JbkOf; fuQ;Nrh; Re;ju tbitj;

njhOjpl vz;zpa J}Nahh;

md;idAk; gpjhTkhd ehtyh; ngUkhd; MWKf ehtyh; jkpo;g; gps;isfSf;F md;idahAk; gpjhthAk; ,Uf;fpwhh;. jkpo; mwpit tsur; nra;jyhy; mth; ekf;nfy;yhk; md;id: rka mwpit tsur; nra;jyhy; mth; gpjh. md;idAk; gpjhTkhd ehtyh; ngUkhid ehk; kwf;fyhfhJ. ehtyh; rhpj;jpuj;ij ehq;fs; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehtyh; ngUkhd; je;j nghpa Guhz trdk; rka gf;jpia tsh;f;Fk; xU gz;lrhiy. me;j gz;lrhiyapy; gpuNtrpg;gjw;F ehtyh; rhpj;jpuk; cgfhukhapUf;Fk;.

ez;zpzh; tpidfs; eypTw mUSk; ehtye; jPtpid aile;J

Gz;zpae; jpuz;l cUtpay; Qhd Nghjfh rphpaidj; njhOJ

kz;zpdpw; gpwe;Njhh; kdka yfy tsnuhspg; gpok;ngd epd;w

tpz;zth; Kjiyg; G+rid GhpAk; tpjpapid kjpapdpw; nwspe;jhh;

-gz;bjkzp rp.fzgjpg;gps;is

irtf; fy;tpg; ghuk;ghpaj;Jf;F tpj;jpl;lth; me;jf; fhyj;jpy; ghlrhiy vd fl;Lf; Nfhg;G fpilahj NghJ ek;kth; fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;ff; fhuzkhapUe;jJ xU ghuk;ghpak;. mJNt ekJ irtf; fy;tpg; ghuk;ghpakhFk;. mJ nghpath;fisad;wp mlf;fnthLf;fkhf xOfp mthplk; tud;Kiwahf vy;yhtw;iwAk; fw;wwpjyhFk;. <oj;jpYk; jkpo; ehl;bYk; irtf; fy;tp kWkyh;r;rpapd; xsptpsf;fhfj; jpfo;e;jth;fSs; ehaf kzpahf tpsq;fpath; ey;Yhh; =y= MWKf ehtyh; mth;fshth;.

kd;DkP oj;ij aile;Jnjhz; lhw;wp khkiwf; fhl;bid Nktpj;

njhd;dyj; Jiwir jUikak; gjpapw; nwhiftphp Aiugy etpw;wp

Kd;dNk opirahw; nrOe;jkpo; tsh;j;j Kjy;tiug; gae;jrP fhop

vd;Dkh efhpy; ,iwth;jhs; njhOjhh; ,d;wkpo; tsh;j;jeh tydhh;. ïªJ xË

irtg;Gyth; f.rp.Fyuj;jpdk;. (ed;wp:- rptj;jkpo; Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufs;-1985) 13

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

ïªâah áj«gu« ehty® irt¥ãufhr ca®Ãiy¥gŸËÆ‹ ü‰¿ I«gjhtJ M©L ó®¤â ÉHh brŠbrh‰bršt® fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹

ešiyef®

irt ɤâahrhiy âwªJ it¡f¥g£lJ. ï¥ghlrhiyÆ‹ ü‰¿ I«gjhtJ M©L ÃiwîÉHh obr«g® khj« 3M«, 4M«, 05M« âfâfËš áj«gu¤âš btFÉkÇirahf¡ bfh©lhl¥glîŸsJ.

ehty® bgUkh‹ 1858 M« M©oš jdJ K¥g¤jhwhtJ taâš mÇa jÄœ üšfŸ áyt‰iw m¢áLtj‰fhf ïªâah br‹wh®. m¤jUz¤âš âUthtLJiw MÔd¤â‹ V‰gh£oY« jUkòu MÔd¤âŸ V‰gh£oY« irt¥ ãur§f§fis¢ brŒJ tªjh®. jÄœ eh£oš _‹W M©LfŸ g¤Jkhjfhy« tá¤jh®. ï¢rªj®¥g¤ij jÄœeh£oš gy® ga‹gL¤â ehtyÇl« f‰wd®. ehtyÇ‹ nguh‰wiy cz®ªJbfh©l gy® jÄœeh£oY« irt¥ãufhr ɤâahya§fis ÃWtnt©Lbkd nt©od®. ehty® áj«gu¤J¢ NHÈš irt¥ ghlrhiy mikant©L« v‹w áªjidia K‹ it¤jh®. âšiythœ mªjz®fŸ kuãš tªjt®fŸ nghâa rka m¿î bgwhJ ïU¥gJ f©L ftiyí‰wh®. áj«gu¤J¤ Ô£áj®fŸ Élakhf ehty® J©L¥ãuRubkh‹W« btËÆ£oUªjh®. ïªÃiyÆš KjÈš áj«gu¤âš xU ɤâahrhiyia ÃWtnt©L« v‹w fU¤ij K‹it¤jh®. mj‹ bghU£L gyehŸ áªâ¤J gâdh‹F â£l§fis És¡» X® m¿¡ifia btËÆ£lh®. Mdhš áj«gu¤J¡ fšÉÃiya« ÃWt jÄHf¤âš gz« nruÉšiy. ïªÃiyÆš ahœ¥ghz¤âš gz« âu£Ltj‰F 1862 M« M©L g§FÅkhj« ehty® bgUkh‹ ahœ¥ghz¤â‰F tªjh®. ahœ¥ghz¤âny jh« ÃWÉa t©zh®g©iz irt¥ãufhr ɤâahrhiyÆš rigia¡T£o áj«gu¤âš ɤâahrhiy x‹W Þjhã¡fnt©oaj‹ K¡»a¤Jt¤ij És¡»dh®. m¡T£l¤âš fyªJbfh©l áy® j§fshš ïa‹w bghUSjÉ brŒa K‹tªjh®fŸ. ïªâahÉÈUªJ âU«ãa áy eh£fËš gU¤â¤Jiw á¤âÉehaf® nfhÆÈš ehtyÇ‹ bjhl® brh‰bghÊî ïl«bg‰wJ. m¢brh‰bghÊÉY« áj«gu¤âš ghlrhiy ÃWîtJg‰¿ vL¤Jiu¤jh®. á¤âÉehaf® mw§ fhty®fS« ònyhÈÆYŸs áy t®¤jf®fS« ehtyuJ áj«gu¥ ghlrhiy cUth¡fY¡F cjt K‹tªjd®. 1864 M« M©L jkJ eh‰g¤â XuhtJ taâš áj«gu¤âš ɤâahrhiy bjhl§F« Ma¤j§fSl‹ jkJ IªjhtJ ïªâa¥ ãuhahz¤ij¤ bjhl§»dh®. áj«gu¤âš ghlrhiy ÃWî« g áw¥ghf eilbg‰wntis ehty® bgUkhD¡F Tiuntiy¡F¥ nghâa gz« »il¡fÉšiy. ïQÉš nt§flhry Ia® v‹gt® ehty®ÛJ bfh©l g‰¿dhš Tiuntiy ahî« jhnd bghW¥ng‰wh®. ahœ¥ghz¤âÈUªJ Tiu¡FÇa ku§fis¡ bfh©L br‹W áj«gu¤J¥ ghlrhiy¤ âU¥gÂia Ãiwnt‰Wtâš nt§flhry IaÇ‹ g§fË¥ò ngUjÉahf mikªjJ vd ehtyuJ tuyh‰W üÈš F¿¥ã£LŸsh®. 1864 M« M©L I¥gá khj« áj«gu« ïªJ xË

áj«gu¤âš ehty® bgUkhD¡F cUt¢áiy âw¥ò áj«gu¤âš ehtyuhš bjhl¡f¥g£l ghlrhiy j‰nghJ áj«gu« ehty® nkšÃiy¥gŸË v‹w bgaÇš áw¥ghf ïa§» tU»wJ. ï¥ghlrhiyÆš ehty®bgUkhD¡F cUt¢áiy mik¡f nt©L« vd Ú©lfhykhf¥ gy® áªâ¤jnghâY« m¥g ÃiwntwÉšiy. cyf¤ jÄHhuhŒ¢á khehL ïªâahÉš eilbg‰wnghJ ešiyef® ehty® bgUkhD¡F K¡»a¤Jt« bfhL¡fnt©L« vd áy m¿P®fŸ FušbfhL¤jnghJ« rÇahd gy‹ »£lÉšiy. fÉnah» R¤jhdªj ghuâah® ehty® bgUkhD¡F¢ br‹idÆY« áj«gu¤âY« Ãidthya§fŸ vG¥gnt©Lbkd miwTtš ÉL¤jnghJ« mit ga‹juÉšiy. ehty® bgUkh‹ ciueil ïy¡»a¤â‹ jªij v‹W«, ehtyÇl« jÄœehL e‹¿¡fl‹ bg‰wbj‹W« flªj ü‰¿ I«gJ M©Lfhykhf jÄHf¤J m¿P®fŸ jkJ M¡f§fËš vGâdh®fns xÊa ehtyÇ‹ bjh©oid Ãidî T®ªJ rÇahdbjhU Ãidî¢ á‹d¤ij ÃWthjJ ftiy¡FÇa ÉlakhF«. jÄœ m¿P® c. nt. RthÄehj Ia® Kjš ï‹iwa jÄHf m¿P® tiu ehtyuJ M‰wiy bk¢R»‹wd®. öa brªjÄœ eilÆ‹ ãjhkf® vd¥ ngh‰W»‹wd®. m¤jifa bgUkfdhU¡F mt® cUth¡»a ghlrhiy tshf¤âš cUt¢áiy ï›th©L âwªJ it¥gJ k»œ¢á jU« brŒâahF«. ahœ¥ghz« âUbešntÈia¢ nr®ªj RthÄ Phd¥ãufhr® áj«gu¤âš bt£oa âU¡Fs¤â‰F mU»š ehtyuhš cUth¡f¥g£l nr¡»Hh® âU¡nfhÆÈÈUªJ ehty® bgUkhÅ‹ cUt¢áiy C®tykhf¡ bfh©Ltu¥gl ïU¥gJ bgUik¡FÇa ÉlakhF«. ehty® nkšÃiy¥ gŸËÆš Ú©lfhy« mâguhf¥ gÂah‰¿ XŒîbg‰W thG« bjh©ûW taJ Ãu¥ãa $kh‹ âU. f. RthÄehj‹ mt®fŸ ehty® bgUkhÅ‹ áiyia¤ âwªJ it¥gJ áw¥ig¤jU»wJ. ehty®bgUkhÅ‹ ü‰¿ K¥g¤jhwhtJ FUóir âdK« ehty® ca®Ãiy¥gŸËÆ‹ ü‰¿ I«gjhtJ M©L ÉHhî« _‹W âd§fŸ irt¤jÄœ khehLnghš ï«Kiw bfh©lhl¥gLtJ <H¤jÄH®fS¡F k»œ¢áiaí« vG¢áiaí« jU« v‹gâš IaÄšiy. $y$ MWKfehty® irt¥ãufhr ɤâahrhiy mw¡f£lisÆd® ÉHh V‰ghLfis¢ brŒJŸsd®. ehty® áiy âw¥ò ÉHh, òduik¡f¥g£LŸs eLk‹w« âw¥òÉHh, òJ¥ã¡f¥g£l gŸË Éisah£L¤âlš k‰W« Til¥gªjh£l MLfs« âw¥ò ÉHh, ehty® ò¤jf¡ f©fh£á, K‹dhŸ MáÇa®fŸ 14

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

ghuh£L ÉHh, MÔdRthÄfŸ klhâgâfË‹ Má Ãfœ¢á, jÄœeh£L ghu«gÇa fiy Ãfœ¢áfŸ, áªjid mu§f« áw¥òky® btËpL vd¥ gy Ãfœ¢áfŸ eilbgwîŸsJ. fiy Ãfœ¢áfŸ fhá¤âUkl« bjUÉYŸs átfhÄ m«ik fiyau§»š ïl«bgwîŸsJ. lh¡l®. R. mUŸbkhÊ¢bršt‹ jiyikÆš ehty® ghlrhiyÆš ü‰¿ I«gjhtJ M©L ÉHh xG§FfŸ eilbg‰W tU»wJ. áj«gu¤âš ehtyuhš ÃWt¥g£l ghlrhiyÆš <H¤J m¿P®fŸ gy® jiyikaháÇa®fshfî«, MáÇa®fshfî« K‹ò gÂah‰¿aik F¿¥ãl¤j¡fJ. ehty® ghlrhiy îthf¤âš ehty® tÊtªj FL«g cW¥ãd®fS« mtuJ khzh¡f®fS« ehtyU¡F¥ã‹ îthf¥gÂfis

Ãiwnt‰¿d®. ehty® thG« fhy¤âš mtuJ khzh¡f® tlnfhit rghgâ ehty® mt®fŸ ï¥ghlrhiyÆ‹ jiyikaháÇauhf És§» ghlrhiyia áw¥ghf tÊel¤âaik áw¥ò¡FÇa ÉlakhF«. "j‹dtU« ãwUbk‹W rhuhnk eLîÃiy rh®ªJ Ënw m‹dt®fŸ tGÉait aŠrhJ btË¥gL¤â a¿it ô£L« K‹dtnd jÄœk¡fŸ KJÃâna f‰gfnk Koah¡fšÉ k‹dtnd badthœ¤j tªJâ¤j ehty‹whŸ thÊ thÊ" (ethÈô® nrhkRªju¥òyt®)

v‹w òytÇ‹ ghtÇ¡F jÄœk¡fŸ f‰gfkhf¡ fUâa ehty® NÇa rªâu® cŸstiu Ãiy¤âU¥gh® v‹gâš IaÄšiy.

kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjrj;jpy; fz;zfp mk;kd; topghL kl; l f; f sg; G gpuNjr kf; f shy; topglg; g Lk; rpW nja;tq;fSs; fz;zfp mk;kd; Kf;fpakhdnjhd;W. ,e;j fz;zfp mk;kd; topghL fp.gp.2Mk; Ehw;whz;lstpy; Nru ehl;by; fz;zfpfF ; Nfhapy; vLf;fg;gl;l NtisapNy> mt;tpohtpw; fye;Jnfhs;sr; nrd;w f[ghF kd;ddhy; ,yq;iff;F mwpKfkhapw;W. gpd;dh; rpq;fs kf;fs; kj; j papNy gj; j pdpj; nja; N ah topghlhf ghpzkpj; j ,t;topghL kl;lf;fsg;G jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; fp.gp.8Mk; Ehw; w hz; l stpy; ,uz; l htJ ghz; b ag; NguuR fhyj;jpNyNa Nt&d;wj; njhlq;fpaJ. kio tsk; Ntz;lYk; Neha; jPhj; j; Yk; topghl;bd; Njitfshf fz;zfp mk;kd; topghL nry;thf;Fw;W> fhyg;Nghf;fpy; kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjrj;jpNy gy Nfhapyf; isg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. ,q;F itfhrp ngsh;zkpj; jpqf; spNy Muk;gpf;Fk; jpUtpohf;fspy; epfo;fpd;w rlq;fpd;NghJ gbf;fg;gLk; gytifahd ,yf;fpaq;fSs; fz;zfp tof;Fiu Ehy; Kjd;ikngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

- fyhepjp nr.Nahfuhrh

kl;l f;f sg;g py; topghLfs; ahTk; rlq;Ffs; vd; N w miof;fg;gLk;. rlq;F ehl;fspd; vz;zpf;if NfhapYf;Ff; NfhapYk;> CUf;F CUk; NtWgLk;. %d;W> Ie;J> VO> xd; g J vd ,e; j vz; z pf; i f mikAk; . fz; z if mk;kd; Nfhapiyg; nghWj;jtiu Ie;J my;yJ VO my;yJ xd;gJ ehl;fspy; rlq;Ffs; epfOk;. trjp gilj;j Cuth;fs; xd;gJ ehs; rlq;F nra;thh;fs;. ngUk;ghyhd Ch;fspy; Ie;J ehs; rlq;FfNs jw;NghJ epfo;j;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j ehl;fspy; vy;yhk; ghly;fs; ghlg;gLfpd;wd. fz;zif mk; k d; Nfhapy; f spy; tof; F iu> fz; z if mk; k d; Ch;Rw;Wf; fhtpak;> fz;zif mk;kd; mfty;> Fsph;j;jp> fz;zif mk;kd; fypahzf;fhy; Rw;Wf; fhtpak; Mfpait gbf;fg;gLk;.

Kjyhk; rlq;F njhlf;fk; ,Wjpehs; tiu fz;zfp tof;Fiu Nfhapy;fspy; fl;lhak; ghlg;gLk;. Kjyhk; ehs; fjT jpwj;jy; md;Nw ,J Muk;gkhFk;. fypahzf;fhy; rlq;F elf;Fk; md;W fypahzf;fhij gbg;G eilngWk;. fz;zif mk;kd; rlq;F ,Wjpehsd;W Fsphj; j; p eilngWk;. fz;zif mk;kdpd; Nfhgk; jzptpff; r; nra;ag;gLk; rlq;Nf Fsph; j;jp vdg;gLk;.

-Nguhrphpah; rpj;jpuNyfh nksdFU

f z; z fp mk; k d; topghL kl; l f; f sg; g pd; gpujhd nja;t topghlhapUg;gJld;> mJ xU Guhjd topghLkhFk;. fz;zfp mk;kd; topghl;L Kiwia Nfusj;J cwthYk;> aho;g;ghzj;J cwthYk; Vw;gl;l xd;whFk;. kl;lf;fsg;gpy; 19Mk; Ehw;whz;Lf;F Kd; Njhw;wk;ngw;w fz;zfp mk;kd; Nfhapy;fs; gw;wpj; njhpe;J nfhs;tjw;F Ch;Rw;Wf;fhtpak;> kiof;fhtpak;> $thf;Fapy;> tre;jd; Kjypa ghly;fs; cjtp nra;fpd;wd. gl;b efh; jk;gpYtpy; tPuKid fhiuefh; gTRngW fy;Kid fy;yhnwhptpy; kfps+h; nrl;b ghisak; GJf; Fb apUg;G nry;tKW kfpobj;jPT Kjiyf; Flh ml;l jpf;Fk; GfOk; te;jhW%iy efh; Mq;fhq;F epj;jpa fy;ahzpaha; mkUk; kl;ltpo; g+q;Foy; kz; Kidf; fz;zifia kdjpy; epidf;f tpid khwp XbLNk!

vd Ch; R w; W f; fhtpak; $Wfpd; w J.NkYk; gz; i la fz;zfp mk;kd; Nfhapy;fs; ,Ue;j Ch;fshf ePyhtiz> nfhf;fl;br;Nrhiy> fd;dq;Flh> <r;re;jT P > jhz;ltd;ntsp> fSthQ; r pf; F b Kjypa Ch; f Sk; Nkw; g b ghly; f spy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.

20Mk; Ehw;whz;Lf;F Kd; kl;lf;fsg;gpd; vy;yhg; gFjpfspYk; ,UgJf;F Nkw;gl;l fz;zfp mk;kd; Nfhapyf; s; ,Ue; j d. 1964Mk; Mz; L kl; l f; f sg; G khepyj; j py; ,Ugj;ije;J fz;zfp mk;kd; Nfhapy;fs; ,Ue;jjhf gz;bjh; tP.rP.fe;ijah $Wthh;. jw;nghOJ fpll; j;jl;l Ik;gJ fz;zfp mk;kd; Nfhapy;fs; ,k;khepyj;jpy; cs;sd. vdNt> 20Mk; Ehw;whz;by; mjpfkhd fz;zfp mk;kd; Nfhapy;fs; ,q;F Njhw;wk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,itnay;yhk; fpuhk kf; f spd; xd; w pize; j tpUg; g j; j pd; NghpNyNa Njhw; wk; ngw;witahFk;.

- gp. kNf];tuypq;fk;.

(ed;wp :- kl;lf;fsg;Gj; jkpofj;jpy; ,e;Jg; gz;ghL - 2003) ïªJ xË

15

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjrj;jpy; khhpak;kd; topghL kl;lf;fsg;G jkpofj;jpy; khhpak;kd; topghlhdJ Guhjd fhye;njhl;L epytp tUfpdw ; J. fpuhkk;> efuk; vd;w ghFghL ,d;wp midj;J ,e;J kf;fshYk; rhjp Ngjkpdw ; p topglg;gl;L tUfpd; w xU nja; t khf khhpak; k d; fhzg; g LfpwJ. tptrhak; nra;fpdw ; kf;fSld; ,j; nja;tk; neUq;fpa njhlh;G nfhz;Ls;sJ. tptrhak; nra;a kionfhLf;Fk; flTshf khhp vd;w nja;tj;ij mth;fs; tzq;Ffpwhh;fs;. mj;NjhL midj; J kf; f Sk; mk; i k Neha; f ; F hpa flTshfTk; ,j; n ja; t j; j pid tzq; F tijf; fhzyhk; . vdNt> khhpak;kd; nja;tk; tsj;jpwF ; hpa flTshfTk; Neha; jPhf; F ; k; flTshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;whh; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjrj;jpy; gy khhpak;kd; Nfhapy;fs; fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. kl; l f; f sg; G efhpNyNa Cwzp nfhj; J f; F sj; J khhpak; k d; Nfhapy; > Nfhl; l Kid Gd;idak;gjp kfhkhhpak;kd; Nfhapy;> jhkiuf;Nfzp Kj; J khhpak; k d; Nfhapy; > mkph; j fop Kj; J khhpak; k d; Nfhapy;> $ohtb Kj;Jkhhpak;kd; Nfhapy; Nghd;wit Kf;fpakhdit. ,t; t hyaq; f s; midj; j pYk; ,uz; L Kiwfspy; g+irfs; eilngWfpd;wd.

1. Mfkk; rhh;e;j topghl;L Kiw (Ntjhfk Kiw) 2. Mfkk; rhuhj topghl;L Kiw (gj;jjp Kiw) ngUk;ghyhd Myaq;fspy; gj;jjp topghl;L kugpNy rlq;Ffs; epfo;fpd;wd. MdhYk; xU rpy Myaq;fspy; jpUtpohTk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. kl;lf;fsg;Gj; jkpofj;jpy; ngUthhpahfTs;s khhpak;kd; Myaq;fspy; MfkKiw rhuhj gj;jjp topghl;L kugpNy

rlq; F fs; eilngWfpd; w d. ,t; t opghl; L Kiwapy; gpuhkzpar; nry;thf;Nfh> Ntjhfkj; jhf;fq;fNsh ,y;iy vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. ,t;topghl;bid guk;giu guk;giuahf cUthfpd;w g+rhhpkhh;fNs nra;fpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; gj;jjp Kiwapy; jdJ mDgtk; Mw;wy; jpwik Nghd;wtw;wpd; cjtpAld; jdJ ke; j pu typikapdhYk; flTsh; f ; F topghl; i lr; nra; t J toik. khhpak; k d; gj; j jpiaf; nfhz;Ljhd; g+irfis epfo;j;Jth;. ‘gj;jjp’ vd;why; ve;j f; flTsh; f Sf;F vt;thW g+irfis epfo;j; J tJ vd; g dtw; i wf; $WtJld; > mjDld; njhlh; G ila ke;jpuq;fisAk; tpjpKiwahf $Wfpd;w mftw;ghtpdhy; mike;j Ehy; my;yJ VL vdg;gLk;. khhpak;kd; topghl;L KiwahdJ tUlj;jpwF ; xUKiw fjT jpwj;jYld; Muk;gkhfp Fsph;j;jp my;yJ gs;saj;Jld; KbtilAk;. ,e;jf; Nfhapy;fspy; Ie;J my;yJ VO ehl;fs; rlq;F epfOk;. ,e;j ehl;fspd; vz;zpf;if Myaj;jpd; nghUshjhu tUk;gbf;F mika jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j rlq;F Mdpg; g+uizapy; KbtilAk;. khhpak;kDf;F tUlj;jpwF ; xUKiw rlq;F nra;tjhy; Chpy; gQ;rk;> gl;bdp> Neha;fs; Vw;glhJ vd kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdh;. kl;lf;fsg;G efhpy; rpy khhpak;kd; Myaq;fspy; Mfkk; rhh;e;j topghL epfo;tijAk; fhzyhk;. cjhuzkhf Nfhl;ilKid Gd;idak;gjp kfhkhhpak;kd; Myaj;ij Fwpg; g plyhk; . ,t; t hW khw; w k; ngw; w hYk; kl; l f; f sg; G gLthd;fiu gpuNjrj;jpYs;s midj;J Myaq;fspYk; gj;jjp (Mfkk; rhuhj) topghl;L KiwapNy rlq;Ffs; ,d;Wk; epfo;e;J tUtijf; fhzyhk;.

- j.RukQ;rhp

(ed;wp :- kl;lf;fsg;Gj; jkpofj;jpy; ,e;Jg; gz;ghL - 2003)

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fpof;fpyq;ifapd; Ntshz;ikg; gzpf;F ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; gq;fspg;G kdpjd; caph;tho;tjw;F czT kpfTk; mtrpak;. nfhba gQ;rj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; ehtyh; ngUkhd; ,jid czh;e;jhh;. 1872 Kjy; 1877 tiu ,yq;ifapd; NjrhjpgjpahftpUe;j Nrh; tpy;ypak; fpwnfwp vd;gth; ,e;ehl;bd; tptrha cw;gj;jpapYk; mf;fiw nrYj;jpdhh;. jpUNfhzkiyg; gFjpapYs;s fe;jsha; Fsj;jpw;F mz;ikapYs;s fhl;Lg; gpuNjrj;ij RNjrpfspd; cjtpAld; gaph; tpisAk; epykhf tpUj;jpnra;a epidj;jhh;. ehtyUila Ng&f;fj;jpdhy; ‘aho;g;ghz - kl;lf;fsg;G th;j;jf Ntshz;ikr; rq;fk;’ vd;w ngaUld; rq;fnkhd;W epWtg;gl;lJ. ,r;rq;fk; murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J fe;jsha; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s epyj;ijg; ngw;W mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; <Lgl;lJ. gq;F xd;W gj;J &gh tPjk; 3000 gq;Ffis tpw;Fk; chpikia murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J ngw;wJ. ,e;j rq;fj;ij cUthf;fp Ntshz;ikia mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; gzpapy; ehtyUk; <Lgl;lhh;. nghJkf;fis xd;wpizj;J ,jd; ed;ikia vLj;Jf; $wp gq;Ffis thq;fr; nra;jhh;. jhDk; 200 gq;Ffis ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;. tlf;ifAk; fpof;ifAk; ,izg;gNjhL jd;dpiwTg; nghUshjhuk; cUthf Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpYk; ehtyh; ngUkhd; fz;Zk; fUj;Jkhf ,Ue;J nraw;gl;lhh;.

- rptj;jkpo;tpj;jfh; rpt.kfhypq;fk; (rpy tUlq;fSf;F Kd; aho; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; =y= MWKf ehtyh; FUg+ir jpdj;jd;W “ehtyh; gzpfs;” vDk; nghUspy; rptj;jkpo; tpj;jfh; epfo;j;jpa rpwg;Gr; nrhw;nghoptpypUe;J ,e;j tplak; ngwg;gl;lJ.)

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16

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Rthkp tpGyhee;jhpd; rkjh;k rpe;jidAk; fiy ,yf;fpa Nehf;Fk; jpUkjp Nkfyh rptFkhud; (B.A hons) kl;{thfiu kfh tpj;jpahyak;. ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ

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jiyik MrphpauhAk; Nrit toq;fpdhh;. mth; 1931 Kjy; 1933 tiu mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpYk; 1943 Kjy; ,yq;ifg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpYk; Kjy; jkpo; g ; Nguhrphpauha; gzpGhpe; j hh; . aho; E}y; muq;Nfw;wj;jpd; gpd;NehAw;W 1947.07.19 ,y; ,iwtdb Nrh;e;jhh;.

kpOyfpd; khngUk; NkijahAk; edp rpwe;j r%fNritahsdhAk; tpsq;fpa Md;kf P rpe;jidahsuhd Rthkp tpGyhee;jh; rkak;> gz;ghL> ,ir> ehlfk;> fy;tp> ,yf;fpak;> xg;gpay; Ma;T vd gy;Jiwj; jsq;fspy; jlk; gjpj;jtuhthh;. gue;Jgl;l rpe;jidg; gputhfj;ij jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUe;j Rthkpfspd; tho;f;ifr; RUf;fk;> r%f Nehf;F> rkj;Jt rpe;jid> fiy ,yf; f pa Nehf; F gw; w pajha; ,f; f l; L iu mikfpd;wJ.

r%f Nehf;F xUthpd; r%f Nehf; f hdJ mthpd; mwpT> mDgtk; > jj; J t Nehf; F vd; g tw; w pw; f ika cUthfpd;wJ. mt;tifapy; tpGyhee;jhpd; ,sikf; fhyKk;> kl;lf;fsg;Gr; R+oOk;> Ntjhe;j QhdKk;> ,uhkfpU\;z klj;njhlh;Gk; mtuJ rkj;JtNehf;fpw;F gpd;dzpfshapd. ,yq;ifapy; ghlrhiyfNshL ,y;yk; epWtpg; gzpahw; w pa mbfshh; > 1930 ,y; mz; z hkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpauhff; flikGhpe;j fhyj; j py; jpUNtl; f sj; j pypUe; j Mjpjpuhtplh; NrhpfSf;Fr; nrd;W gs;spfis Vw;gLj;jpg; gzpGhpe;jhh;.

Rthkp tpGyhee;jUf;F mth;fs; mspj;j gphpTiu tho; j ; j py; “jk; eyk; NgZk; ghh; g ; g zh; f shy; rz;lhsh;fs; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; vq;fis mioj;Jj; jq;fs; tPlb ; DldpUj;jp tpUe;Jz;l fhl;rpAk; ctifAk; vq;fs; fz;fisAk; kdijAk; tpl;L mfYNkh?.... vq;fs; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;nfdj; jq;fshy; njhlq;fg;gl;l ,uTg;gs;sp vd;Wk; tsh;eJ ; Xq;Ftjw;Fhpa topnahd;W jhq;fs; NjLtNjhL> <oj;jPtpy; jq;fshy; elhj;jg;gLk; gs; s pfspy; vk; F y khzth; gyiu Nrh; j ; J f; nfhs;Sk;gbAk; Ntz;LfpNwhk;” vd Mjp jpuhtplh;fs; Fwpg;gpLtJ mbfshhpd; NritiaAk; rkNehf;fpidAk; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. tpGyhee;jhpd; rkjh;k rpe;jidf;F> “kdpjh;fs; ,uz;L tpjkhf tFf;fg;gLth;. xUtpjk; gfthdplj;jpy; kdijr; nrYj;Jk; gf;jh;fs;. kw;nwhUtpjk; nghd; kPJk; Mir itj;jpUf;Fk; khdpl gf;jh;fs;” vDk; tifg;ghLk; rhd;W gfh;fpd;wd. rhjp> ,d Ngjq; f sw; ; w xU kdpjFyj; i j Ntz;batuhf Rthkp tpGyhee;jh; tpsq;fpaikf;F njd;dhl;by; Cw;nwLj;j md;Gg; ngUf;F tlehl;by; gutpa Kiw vDk; fl;Liuapy; “jk;ik Mz;ltDf;F kf;fshfTk;> cw;w ez;guhfTk;> njhz;luhfTk;> cld; ciog;gtuhfTk; fUjpa %jwpQh; tFg;G Ntw;;Wik fhl;lhJ vy;NyhUk; Xh; Fyk; vd;Dk; cz;ikapidf;

tho;f;ifr; RUf;fk; jkpoh; gz; g hl; L g; ghuk; g hpaj; j pdJk; fiy KJrq;fspdJk; fskhd kl;lf;fsg;gpd;; fhiujPtpy; rhkpj;jk;gpaUf;Fk; fz;zk;ikf;Fk; kfdhf 27.3.1892 ,y; kapy;thfddhh; gpwe;jhh;. fhiujPtpNy kuGtopj; jkpo;f; fy;tpia itj;jpaehj Njrpfh;> fe;ijah gz;bjh;> fapyhag;gps;is KjyhNdhhplk; fw;whh;. Mq;fpyf; fy;tpapid fy;Kid nkjb];j ghlrhiyapYk;> Gdpj kpf;Nfy; fy;Y}hpapYk; fw;wNjhL nfhOk;G Mq;fpy Mrphpa gapw;rpf; fyhrhiyapYk; gapd;whh;. mj;NjhL tlnkhop> yj;jd P >; fpNuf;fk;> rpq;fsk; Nghd;w nkhopfspy; GyikAk; ifte;jtuhapdhh;. ,k;nkhopj; Njh;r;rpNa gue;Jgl;l cyfg;; ghh;itiaAk; gd;E}y; GyikiaAk; ,tUf;F mspj;jJ. Nfk;gpwpr; rPdpah; Njh;tpy;; NjwpaTld;; Mrphpag; gzpahw;wj; njhlq;fpa ,th; Gdpjkpf;Nfy; fy;Y} hp> fy;Kid fj;Njhypf;;f kp\d; ghlrhiy> murpdh;; nghwpapaw;; fy;Y}hpapd;; ,urhad cjtp Mrphpah;; vdg; gy;yplq;fspy; gzpahw;;wpaNjhL> mh;r; rk;gj;jphprpah; fy;Y}hpapd;; tpQ;;Qhd MrphpauhfTk; tpQ;Qhd gPlj;;ij myq;;fhpj;jhh;;. ,f;fhyfl;;lj;jpy;; 1919 ,y;; BSc Njh;tpYk; Njwp fzpj> tpQ;Qhd mwpTila jkpo;g; gz;;bjuhfTk; kpsph;e;jhh;. khdpg;;gha; ,e;Jf; fy;;Y} hpapYk; jiyikahrphpauha; Nritahw;wpdhh;. nfhOk; g py; Rthkp rh; t hde; j uhy; ftug; g l; l kapy;thfddhh;> ,f;fth;r;rpapd; tsh;r;rpahy; 1922 ,y; nrd;id kapyhg;g+h; ,uhkfpU\;z klj;jpy; Nrh;e;J gpuNghj irjd;dpauhfp 1924 ,y; Rthkp tpGyhee;jh; vDk;; JwTg; ngah; ngw;whh;.

1925 ,y; ,yq;if jpUk;gpa Rthkpfs;; fhiujPT rhujh tpj; j pahyak; > kl; l f; f sg; G rpthde; j h tpj; j pahyak; > jpUNfhzkiy ,e; J f; fy; Y }hp Kjyhd gy ghlrhiyfis epWtpaNjhL ghlrhiyfspy>; ïªJ xË

17

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filg; g pbj; J tho; e ; J te; j dh; ”vd; W Fwpg; g pl; L vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf fTzpa Fyj;jtuhd rk;ge;jUf;Fk; ghzuhfpa ePyfz;lUf;Fk; cs;s cwT> Ntshs mg; g Uk; gpuhkzuhd rk; g e; j Uk; nfhz; l cwT> ghzh; Fy jpUg;ghzho;thiu cNyhf rhuq;f Kdpth; jd; Njhs;kPJ nfhz;L nrd;wik> murFyj;jtuhd Nrukhd; ngUkhs; jpUeP w ; W r; nrytpidf; fz; L tz;zhd; Kd;dpiyapy; jiytzq;fpaik> ckhgjp rpthr;rhhpahh; ngw;whd; rk;ghDf;F jPli ; r nfhLj;jik> ,uhkhD[h; kiwnkhop Xjp jPz;lhNjhUk; gpwUk; ca;nta;jpaik vdg; gy rkaQhdpfspd; rkur Nehf;fpid Kd;dpWj;Jfpd;whh;. eilKiw Ntjhe;jpahd Rthkp tpNtfhde;jhpd; topte; j tpGyhee; j h; ,t; t hW Vw; w j; j ho; t w; w GJf;Fyj;;jpidNa tpUk;gpdpd;whh;.

xw;Wik> tpfw;gk;> nka;fz;lhd; cjpg;gjw;F Kd; jkpo;ehl;L rkaepiy> MrphpauJ fhyk;> Kjy;E}y;> topE}y; tuyhW> gpw;gl;l Muha;rr ; papdhy; nka;fz;lhdJ E}ypy; fhzg; g Lk; tOf; f s; > tOtikjp vd; W ,d;Ndhud;dtw;iwnay;yhk; gpw E}Yjtp> gpwnkhop E} Yjtp nfhz;L Muhapd; mt;thuha;r;rp cyfj;jpw;Fg; gad; g LtjhFk; . cyJ mjidg; gad; g Lj; j pf; nfhs; S k; ” vd; f pd; w hh; . Ntjhe; j pahd mbfshhpd; ,t;ntOj;Jf;fs; mtuJ mwpthh;e;j jj;JtNehf;fpd; ntspg;gLifaha; mike;;JtpLfpd;wJ. mbfshhpd; ,r;rkur Nehf;Nf gpd;dhspy; (1935,y;) irtrpj;jhe;j kfhrkhrj;jpd; tpohtpw;Fj; jiyik jhq; f miof; f g; g l; l ikf; F k; > mth; jiyik jhq;fpaikf;Fk; fhuzpfshapd.

fiy ,yf;fpa Nehf;F mbfshuJ ,yf;fpaq;fSk; fl;LiufSk; mtuJ fiy> ,yf; f pag; ghh; i tiag; Gyg; g Lj; J fpd; w d. mtw;wpy; jkpohpd; jdpj;Jtk;> jkpo;ff ; iy ,yf;fpaq;fs;> cyff;fiy ,yf;fpaq;fs;> mtw;Wf;fpilapyhd Ngj> mNgjq;fisAk; Kd; itf;;fpd;whh;. ,irf; f iyia vLj; J f; n fhz; l hy; > kP d ; f spd; ,irahuhr;rpahf Kisnfhz;l ,iraha;T gpd;dhspy;; ,irf;fUT+ykhd aho; E}iy cyfpw;F ey;fpaJ. Rthkp ePuukfsph; gw;wp Muha;e;J epfuw;w ftpijfis toq;fpAs;shh;.

“NjdpyTkyh;g; nghopypw; rpiwtz;L Japyr; nrOjuq;fj; jPk;GdYs; ee;jpdq;fs; Japy kPdyts; nrytpd;wp ntz;zpytpy; Japy tpsq;Fkl;L ePh;epiyAs; vOe;jnjhU ehjk;” vdg; ghbAs;shh;. ,iriaf; fzpjnkhopapy; tpsf;f Kide;jth; tpGyhee;jh;. ,irf;fpukk; vDk; fl;Liuapy; jkpopirapy; fpukq;fs; Njhd;wpa Kiwapid fzpj thapyhf Muha;e;J fzpj KbTfs; euk;Gf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fk; Jizf;fUtpfSf;Fk; gad;gLtijf; fhl;bAs;shh;. mbfshhpd; jkpo;> Mq;fpy> fzpj> rq;fj P g; Gyikfis xUq;Nf ntspg;gLj;Jk; cd;dj gilg;G aho; E} yhFk;. aho; E}ypd; rpwg; g pid mwpQh; f s; gyUk; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;Js;sdh;. mbfshhpd; ,irf;fzpj ntspg;gLj;Jifia Nguhrphpah; nksdFU mth;fs; Fwpg;gpLifapy;> “,e;E}iyg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s %d;W tif mwpT Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. mitahtd ,irawpT> fzpj mwpT> jkpowpT. ,iriaf; fzpjnkhopapy; tpsf;f Kide;j tpGyhee;j mbfshhpd; jkpopirf;fhd gq;fspg;G ,irf; fzpjNk.” vd;fpwhh;. jkpopir kuigf; fz;lwpe;J> ahopid kPSUthf;fk; nra;jik mbfshhpd; cd;dj gzpaha; kpsph;fpd;wJ. tpGyhee;jhpd; fiyg;gzpapy; ehlf Muha;r;rp kw;WNkhh; mk;rkhFk;. jkpo;ehl;bYk; <oj;jpYk; gbj;j kj;jpaju th;f;fj;jpdUf;F Clhf INuhg;gpa ehlfkuG jkpOf;F mwpKfkhfpa fl;lj;jpy; kjq;fR+shkzpia

rkarkur Nehf;F Ntjhe; j newp Nkw; n fhz; L > gyrkaq; f spy; ed;newp fhZk; ,uhkfpU\;;zuJ nfhs;iffisj;; jOtpdhnudpDk;> rpj;jhe;;j cz;ikfis czh; e ; j tUkha; jpfo; e ; j hh; . ,jw; F gpuNghj irjd;dpauhftpUe;J = ,uhkfpU\;z tp[aj;jpy; vOjpa $w;Wf;fs; rhd;W gfh;fpd;wd. ‘jkpo; nkhopapd;; jw; f hy epiyikAk; jkpohpd; flikAk; ’vDk; jiyg;gpy; vOJifapy; jkpo; E}y;fspd; rpwg;gpid $Wtjw; F nka; f z; l hhpd; rptQhdNghjj; j pid Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;Lfpwhh;. “cjhuzkhf irtrpj;jhe;j cz;ikfis vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. jkpoh;fSf;F mUq;fyk; Nghd;wpUe;j rpwe;j ,j;jj;Jt E}iy Kiwg;gb Muha;e;J tpUj;jpnra;Nthkhapd;> nfhd;gpA+rpa];> Gj;jh;> ]hJ\;buu; KjypNahUila E}y;fisj; JUtpj;JUtp Muha;fpd;w Nkw;wpirawpQh;> nka;fz;lhid ctg;GlNdw;W gPlj;jpypUj;jpg; gzpe;J epw;gh;” vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. njhlh;e;J Kiwg;gb MuhAk; KiwikapidAk; tpsf; F fpd; w hh; . “Kiwg; g b Muha; j wpjy; vd; w hy; gpionghjpe;j xU tpUj;jpAiuiaNah> jg;Ge;jtWkhd xU Mq;fpy nkhop ngah;g;igNah vOjptpl;bUg;gjy;y. rptQhd Rthkpfs; nra;jJNghy; ,yf;fzjUf;f ghz;bj;jpaq; fhl;bf; fw;w E}w;nghUsidj;ijAk; nghope;J xU khghbankOjp tpLtJky;y. ,dpj; jpuhtplf; nfhs;if epWtp cyfpYs;s VidNahnuy;yhk; vkf; f pizapy; i y vd; W nrhy; Y k; xUrhuhiug; Nghy; nka;fz;lhd; Kw;nwhlh;gpy;yhJ Mfhaj;jpy; Kisj;j g+ vd;W nrhy;yp tpLtJky;y” vdg; nghUs; gpwo;TlNdh> cah;T etpw;rpAlNdh my;yhky; Muha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;;baijAk; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpwhh;. tpyf; F git vitnad ciuj; j Rthkpfs; tpjpKiw $wNtz; b ajd; flg; g hLilatuha; Muha; t pw; f hd topKiwfisAk; Fwpg; g pLfpd; w hh; .

“Kd;dpUe;j MrphpaUf;Fk; rptQhdNghj MrphpaUf;Fk; nghJtpay; G > nka; f z; l hDila rpwg; g pay; G > gpwehl;L MrphpaUf;Fk; nka;fz;lhDf;Fk; cs;s ïªJ xË

18

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

t o q ; F f p d ; w h h ; . “e h l f t p a i y M u h a ; f p d ; w rpw;whuha;r;rp”vd;Nw jd; E}iyf; Fwpg;gpLk; mbfshh;> ,e;E}ypd; Kjy; ,ayhd cWg;gpaypy; ,e;jpaurf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; mbg;gilahfj; jkpo; ehlf ,yf;fpaj;ij vLj;Jiuj;J> ,uz;lhk; ,ayhd vLj;Jf;fhl;baypy; Nrf;];gpaupd; ehlfq;fspy; gd;dpuz;bid jkpo;ehlf ,yf; f zq; f Sf; f ika tpsf; f pAs; s hh; . fpNuf; f Mly;ghlYld; jkpohpd; Ntydhl;lj;ijAk; xg;gpl;Ls;shh;. xU ehlf Ma;thsdhf ehlfj;jpYk; jkpopd; jdpj;Jtk; fhz tpise;Js;shh;. mbfshuJ E}y; f Sk; > fl; L iufSk; > nrhw; nghopTfSk; ,yf;fpag; gzpf;fhd rhd;Wfshfpd;wd. jkpopd; ,ay;ig Muha;e;J vOjpa ‘Nrhokz;lyj; jkpOk; <okz;lyj; jkpOk;’ vDk; fl;Liu nkhopapaypy; Kf; f pakhdjhf tpsq; F fpd; w J. ftpij kw; W k; tpkh;rdj;JiwfspYk; ,tuJ gq;F rpwg;ghdJ. ,th;

jkpo; kf;fSf;F cyf ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; mwpKfQ; nra;Js;shh;. kuGtop epd; W GJikia mizj; j Rthkp tpGyhee;jh;> cyfe;jOtpa fiy ,yf;fpa Nghf;fpidAk;> Ngjq;fsw;w rkurg;Nghf;fpidAk; iff;nfhz;L gy KidfspYk; Mw;wpa gzpfs; cd;djkhdit.

crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;.

1. nksdFU.rp.>Rthkp tpGyhee;jh;> (2006)> Fkud; Gj;jf ,y;yk;> nfhOk;;G. 2. fkyehjd;.r.,> rptRg;gpukzpak;.t> (1995)> Rthkp tpGyhee;jhpd; Mf;fq;fs;> njhFjp 1>2>3.> kl;lf;fsg;G Rthkp tpGyhee;jh; E}w;whz;L tpohr; rig.

3. mUs; nry;tehafk;> (2008)> tpGyhee;j ,yf;fpak;> jpUtUs; ntspaPL> ,yq;if.

4. tpGyk;: Rthkp tpGyhee;jh; epidTtpohr; rpwg;Gkyh;.

(2003).

5. tpGyhee;j mbfs; E}w;whz;L tpoh kyh;. (1991).

kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjr ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fspy; mitf;fhw;Wf; fiyepfo;Tfs; kl;lf;fsg;G jkpofj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fspy; ,lk; n gWk; tUlhe; j cw; r tq; f spYk; > tpNrl g+ir jpUtpohf;fhyq;fspYk;> tpohtpid rpwg;gpf;Fk; tz;zk; mitf;fhw;Wf; fiyfs; epfo;j;jg;gLfpd;wd. xUth; my;yJ gyh; Kd;Nd epfo;jJ ; dh;fshy; epfo;jj; pf; fhl;lg;gLk; fiyfNs mitf;fhw;Wf; fiyfshFk;. ghh;itahsh;fs; mitapy; mkh;e;jpUf;f> mth;fSf;fhfNt epfo;j;Jdh;fshy; ,it Mw;Wif nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. $j;J> fufk;> tre;jd;> Fk;kp> Nfhyhl;lk;> ehlfk;> eldk;> rq;fPjk; vd;gd mitf;fhw;Wf; fiyfshFk;. ,e; j tifapy; kl; l f; f sg; g pYs; s Myaq; f s; ,e; J kjj;ij tsh;f;fpd;w ,lkhfTk;> fiyfis tsh;f;fpd;w ];jhgdkhfTk; njhopw;gLfpd;wd vdyhk;. kl;lf;fsg;G ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fis %d;W tifg;ghl;bDs; cs;slf;fyhk;. mitahtd: 1. Mfk Kiwg; g b gpuhkzf; FUf; f s; g+ir nra; A k; Myaq;fs;.

2. gj;jjp Kiwapy; jPli ; r ngw;w g+Zhy; mzpej; irtrka FUf;fs; g+ir nra;Ak; Myaq;fs;.

3. g+Zhy; mzpahj g+rhhp MfpNahh; g+ir nra; A k; Myaq;fs;. ,jidtpl> tPLfspYk; g+ir nra;fpw KiwfSk; ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j tifapy; MfkKiwapy; mike;j Myaq;fspy; jpUtpoh fhyq;fspy; R+ud;Nghh; Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; eilngw;W tUfpd;wd. ,it ghh;itahsh; kj;jpapy; xU rlq;fhfNt epfo;j;jpf; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

R+ugj;kDld; KUfd; nra;j NghiuAk;> R+uid KUfd; tijj;J mtidr; NrtyhfTk;> kapyhfTk; khw;wp mUs; nfhLj;j fijiaAk; Nfhapy; ntspapy; epfo;j;jpf; fhl;Lk; epfo;r;rpNa R+ud; Nghh; MFk;. ,J xU rka epfo;thfNt ,q;F elj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;epfo;tpid vtUk; ehlfk; vd;W

fUJtjpy;iy. vdpDk; ,it mitf;fhw;W fiyf;Fs;Ns mlq;Fk;. ,uz;lhtJ tiff; Nfhapy;fshd jPl;ir ngw;w g+Z}y; mzpe;j irtrka FUf;fs; g+ir nra;Ak; Myaq;fspy; tUlhe;j cw;rtq;fspdN ; ghJ> mjid rpwg;gpfF ; k; tz;zk; ,lk;ngWk; fufk;> tre;jd;> $j;J> Nfhyhl;lk;> Fk;kp> ehlfk;> gujehl;bak;> rq;fPjk; vd;gdtw;iw ,uz;lhtJ tif mitf;fhw;Wf; fiyfshff; nfhs;syhk;. ,q;F Mlg;gLk; tre;jd;> Nfhyhl;lk;> fufk; vd;gd Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd; ghlg;gLk; tho;j;Jg; ghly;fs; ,e;Jf; flTsiu tho; j ; j p Muk; g pg; g jhfNt mike; j pUf; F k; . ,jidtpl> ,q;F Mlg;gLk; ehlfk;> $j;J> eldk;> rq;fPjk; vd;gdTk; ,e;Jf; flTsh; Gfo; ghLtdthfTk; mw;Gjq;fis vLj; J f; $WtjhfTNk mike; j pUf; F k; . cjhuzkhf rpWj; n jhz; l h; ehlfk; > my; y p ehlfk; > khh; f ; f z; N lah; ehlfk; vd;gdtw;wpd; cs;slf;fk; ,e;Jkj Guhz ,jpfhrf; fijfisf; nfhz;ljhfNt mike;jpUf;Fk;. ,e;j tifapy; ,e;J Myaq;fs; ,e;Jf; fiyfis tsh;f;fpd;w xU ,lkhf njhopw;gLfpd;wd vdyhk;. ,e;j ,uz;L tif Myaq;fisAk; jtpu> g+Zhy; mzpahj g+rhhp MfpNahh; g+ir nra; A k; Myaq; f spy; ,lk; n gWk; khhpak; k d; fhtpak; > fz; z fp mk; k d; Myaq; f spy; ghlg; g Lk; fz; z fp tof; F iu> tp\; Z Nfhapy;fspy; ghlg;gLk; fk;rd; mk;khid vd;gd jhsk;> cLf; F thj; j paq; f Sld; nja; t j; j pw; F kil itj; J ghlg;gLfpdw ; d. ,itAk; xUtif Mw;Wiff; fiyfshfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jidtpl> Rthkp Ch;tyq;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; Nksf; fr;Nrhpfs;> Nfhapypd; ntsptjP papy; giwNksf; $j;jh; Ml;lk;> tpy;Yg;g hl;L vd;g dTk; ,e;J f; flTsh;fis tho; j ; j pg; ghLtjhfTk;> ngUikfis $WtjhfTNk rigNahUf;F Mw;Wif nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

- rp.guNk];thp (ed;wp :- kl;lf;fsg;Gj; jkpofj;jpy; ,e;Jg; gz;ghL - 2003)

ïªJ xË

19

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ

»H¡»y§ifÆ‹ ts®¢á¡F bgU«g§fh‰¿a K¤jĜɤjf® RthÄ Éòyhdªj® âUkâ bfsÇky® knfªâu‹ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ

»

H¡»y§if, jÄœTW« cy»‰F tH§»a x¥ãyh Ãâa« RthÄ Éòyhdªj®. “k¡fŸ nritna knfr‹ nrit” v‹W«, “ahJ« Cnu ahtU« nfË®” v‹W« guªJg£l bgUneh¡f¤Jl‹ jd¡bfd thHhJ ãw®¡bfd thœªj bgUªjif. ãwªj eh£o‰F« ãwªj k©zhd k£l¡fs¥ã‰F« k§fh¥òfœ njo¤jªjt®. ïšthœit¤ JwªjhY« jÄœ bkhÊ¥ g‰W«, rka r_f¤ bjh©L« brŒJ m¤JiwfËš tuyh‰W¥ bgUikÄ¡f rhjidfis¢ brŒjt®. Éòyhdªj mofis¥ gh®¡ifÆš, mtiu všnyhU« fšÉkhdhf, ïy¡»athâahf, MáÇauhf, gšfiy¡fHf nguháÇauhf, g¤âÇif MáÇauhf, gšJiwfËY« MuhŒ¢áahsuhf, rka¥ bgÇahuhf, ghlrhiy îth»ahf, ïuhk»UZzÄõ‹ Kfhikahsuhf¡ f©ld®. m¤Jl‹ mofŸ K¤jÄœ ɤjf®, K¤jÄœ KÅt®, <H« f©l bgU« JwÉ, ïuhk»UZz ïa¡f¢ br«kš v‹bwšyh« òfH¥g£lh®. Éòyhdªj mofŸ ïy§ifÆš k£Lkšy ïªâahÉY« j« gÂfis¢ brŒjh®. ahœüš, kj§f NshkÂia vGâaJk£LkšyhJ mj‰F nkyhf mt® M‰¿a Äf K¡»akhd r_f¥gÂbah‹W©L! mjhtJ xU bgU« rKjha¤ij mj‹ Mœªj cw¡f¤âÈUªJ ÉʤJ vH¢brŒjikahF«. »H¡»y§ifia¥ bghW¤jtiu xU òJ íf¤â‹ ÉobtŸË, giHikÆ‹ ãuâÃâ, òJikÆ‹ Ãiwkâ vdî« bfhŸsyh«. Éòyhdªj mofË‹ rkfhy¤âš - ghu«gÇa¥ bgUikia m¿ahkY«, fšÉa¿î FiwªJ, ïy£áak‰W« thœªj k¡fis ÉÊ¥gila¢ brŒJ ešybjhU cz®¢áÄ¡f åÇaKŸs rKjha kh‰w¤ij c©lh¡»dh®. ïJnt mofË‹ Äf c‹dj rKjha¥g vdyh«. Éòyhdªj mofË‹ Óluhd RthÄ eluh#hdªjh ã‹tUkhW TW»wh® - “jÄœ eh£oš xU ghuâia¥nghš, tlïªâahÉš Éntfhdªjiu¥ nghš, e« <HtHeh£oš, mâY« áw¥ghf »H¡»y§ifÆš xU rKjha¥ òu£áia V‰gL¤âat® RthÄ Éòyhdªjnu.” rka¤ij mo¥gilahf¡ bfh©l ca®ju¡ fšÉÆ‹ _y« njáa kWky®¢á¡F ɤâ£lt®. »H¡»y§ifÆš xU åWbfh©l rKjha¤ij cUth¡Ftj‰F« j« m¿î M‰wš mU£r¡â mid¤ijí« m®¥gz« brŒjt®.

RthÄfË‹ gÂfis¥ gh®¡F« K‹ mt® ãwªj k©zhd k£l¡fs¥ã‹ tuyh‰W¢ NHiy eh« neh¡fš V‰wjhF«.

MáÇa® ngh‰W« mÂrhš ïy§ifÆny Óuh® Fzâiria¢ nr®¤J td® òfG« Vuhš ïa‹w brªbeš ï‹Rit¤Ô§f‹dbyhL bj§»ÅsÚU« Ô«gyÉdŸsÄ®J« v§F§Fiwah ïaYila e‹dhL k£l¡fs¥bgD khehlhª..." ïªJ xË

v‹W Éòyhdªj mofshš ngh‰w¥gL« k£l¡fs¥ò efu« M£á îthf¥ g£odkhfî«, »H¡»y§ifÆ‹ jiyefuhfî« És§F»wJ. ïJ òËaªÔî vd miH¡f¥gL»wJ. ï§F K¥gJ ikš Úskhd thÉí©L. flnyhL fy¡F« tl¡F¥gFâ mÄ®jfÊ vD« gH«gâ¡F mU»Y«, mH»a bj‰F¡ fiu¡F m©ikÆY« k©^® v‹D« ò©Âa gâí« c©L. thÉÆ‹ bj‰F¡ fiu KGtJ« kUj¤j‹ gidí«, »H¡F¡ fiuÆYŸs C®fËš bj§F, kh, gyh KjÈa ku§fŸ br¿ªJ f©Â‰F« kdâ‰F« ïÅikaË¥gd. òËaªÔî efu« _‹W ikš R‰wsîŸsJ. fhÉÇ eLÉš mikªj âUtu§f« nghš k£Lef® thÉÆ‹ eLÉš mikªj òËaªÔî k£l¡fs¥ã‹ jiyefukhF«. ïjid¡ fuªij jÄœ r§f ïjHhd “jÄœ bghÊš”ïš “ÚuhkfË® ï‹Åir¥ ghlš” vD« f£LiuÆš Éòyhdªj mofns vGâíŸsh®. k£Lef® k¡fË‹ ng¢áš brªjÄœ¢ brhštsK« thœÉÅš g©gh£L tsK« ã‹Å¥ ãizªJŸsd. ï§F eh£L¥ ghlšfŸ, eh£L¡ T¤J¡fŸ vD« ÔªjÄœ fiytsK« fhz¥gL»‹wd. nrhHk‹d® <H¤ij¡ if¥g‰¿a fhy«, k£l¡fs¥ò mt®fŸ M£áÆ‹ ÑÊUªjjhf Nst«r« TW»wJ. ngh®¤J¡nfa® f¤njhÈ¡f rka¤ijí«, xšyhªj® òu£lÞjhªJ »¿Þjt¤ijí« gu¥ãd®.

1796ïš ãǤjhÅauhš ïy§if KGtJ« òu£lÞjhªJ »¿Þjt« gu¥g¥g£lJ. 1814 ïš bkjoÞj »¿Þjt® j«kj« gu¥ò« gÂÆid nk‰bfh©ld®. bkjoÞj fšÿÇ ÃWt¥g£lJ. »¿Þjt Mya§fŸ, ghlrhiyfŸ f£l¥g£ld. »¿Þjt kjFUkh® irt k¡fis¥ gy tÊKiwfËY« kj« kh‰Wtâš K«Kukhf <Lg£ld®. k£l¡fs¥ã‹ gyghf§fËY« »¿Þjt njthya§fŸ, ghlrhiyfŸ mik¡f¥g£L¡ »¿Þjt mo¥gilÆnyna fšÉ¥ nghjidfŸ ïl«bg‰wd. ïjdhš k£l¡fs¥ò k¡fË‹ giHikahd irtkj«, jhŒbkhÊahd jÄœ, jÄœ¥g©ghL, fiy, fyhrhu« vD« g©òfŸ jhœtilayhÆd. »¿Þjt kj«, fiy, fyhrhu« gH¡f tH¡f§fŸ ca®tilayhÆd. ï¢NœÃiyÆš jhœªâUªj k£l¡fs¥ò¤ jÄHf¤ij ca®tila¢ brŒaî« kâ¥ãHªJtU« jÄœbkhÊÆ‹ òuhjd¥ bgUikia Ãiy bgw¢ brŒaî«, irtrka¤ij Û©L« ca®tila¢ brŒaîbkd¤ jÄHÇ‹ fiy, fyhrhu¥ g©òfis cyf¤jh® ngh‰¿l¢ brŒaî«, jhœ ÃiyÆÈUªJ k¡fis vG¢áíw¢ brŒaîbkd Éòyhdªj mofŸ tªJ nritah‰w¤ bjhl§»dh®. (khk‹w¥ bgh‹ÉHh ky® - 2005) 20

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

âUbt«ghit c‰rt« ï«khj« (obr«g®) 17M« âfâ Mu«gkh»wJ.

khu;fop ehafDf;Nfhu; jpUntk;ghit fyhG+\zk; ,uhN[];tup n[fhde;jFU

khu;fop khjj; jpUthjpiu ed;dhs; rptngUkhDf;F kpf cfe;j mgpNlf> tpuj> Gz;zpa ed;dhshFk;. Mjpiu Kjy;td; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; rptd; Mjpiu> Mjpiuahd; Mfpd;whd;. khu;fopj; jpUthjpiu jpdj;jpNy rpjk;gu jyj;jpNy eluh[g; ngUkhdhd jpy;iyf; $j;jDf;F ,lk;ngWk; mgpNlf Muhjidfs; nrhy;Ye;jukd;W. ,J MUj;jpuh juprdk; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; rpwg;Gila tpohthFk;.

MUj;jpuh vd;gJk; rpwg;G Mjpiu vd;W nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. ,j;jpdj;jpy; vk;ngUkhidf; Fwpj;J ahk; mDl;bf;Fk; tpujk; rpwg;ghf jpUthjpiu Nehd;G vd;wiof;fg; ngWk;. khu;fop khjk; Njtu;fl;F cja fhykhf mikfpd;wJ. <rDf;F jpUg;gs;sp vOr;rpAk; jpUvk;ghitAk; ghbj; JapnyOg;Gk; ,dpa fhyk; ,J. $tpd G+q;Fapy; $tpd Nfhop FUf;Fs ,ak;gpd ,ak;gpd rq;fk; Xtpd jhuif xspxsp cjaj;J xUg;gL fpd;wJ tpUg;nghL ekf;F Njt ew; nrwpfoy; jhspid fhl;lha; jpUg; ngUe;Jiw ciw rptngUkhNd ahtUk; mwpyupaha; vkf;F xspaha; vk; ngUkhd; gs;sp vOe;jUshNa. Mde;j eluh[dpd; Mde;j eldj;ijj; juprdk; nra;a cfe;j ,lk; jkpo; ehl;bd; fz;Zs;s jpy;iyr; rpjk;gukhFk;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,j;jyj;jpd; Rw;whlypNy jpy;iytdk; mike;jpUe;jjhy;> ,j;jyj;jpw;F “jpy;iy” vd;Dk;. fhuzg; ngau; cz;lhdik tuyhW rptj;jyq;fSs; kpfr; rpwe;jJk;> mUs; kpf;fJk;> jdpj;JtkhdJk; jpy;iy vd;wiof;fg;ngWk; rpjk;gu khFk;. ,j;jyj;jpd; ngUik $wg;Gfpd; Guhz tuyhw;wpd;gb> ,j;jyj;jpNy jhd; Gypf;fhy; Kdptuhfpa tpahf;fpughjUk; MjpNrDila mtjhukhfpa gjQ;ryp KdptUk; fz;L fspf;f eluh[%u;j;jp jdJ jpUeldj;ij Mbf;fhl;baUspdhu;. ,j;jhz;ltj; juprdj;ij ,yFtpy; fhzNth> juprpf;fNth KbahJ. ,j;jhz;ltk; vk;ngUkhdpd; Ie;njhopiy mjhtJ gQ;r fpUj;jpaj;ij czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wJ. gilj;jy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy;> mUsy;> kiwj;jy; Mfpait gQ;r fpUj;jpaq;fshfk;. “mtdpd;wp Xu; mZTk; mirahJ” vd;w thf;fpw;fpzq;f Iadpd; jhz;ltNk rfy cyfq;fisAk;> capu;fisAk; ,aq;fitf;fpd;wJ. Ie;njhopYf;Fk; Ik;G+jq;fSf;Fk; neUq;fpa njhlu;G cz;L. gpUJtpapy; tpahgpj;jpUf;Fk; gpuk;kNjtd; ïªJ xË

gilj;jy; njhopiy Mw;w> ePupy; radpj;jpUf;Fk; =kj;ehuhaz %u;j;jp fhj;jy; njhopiyAk; mz;lkidj;jpYk; gue;jpUf;Fk; mf;dp mopj;jy; njhopiyAk; thA kz;lyj;jpypUf;Fk; kNf];tu%u;j;jp kiwj;jy; njhopy;Gupa> thdpy; ciwAk; rjhrpt %u;j;jp> mUsy; njhopiy Mw;Wfpd;whu;. gQ;rfpUj;jpaj;jpd; FwpaPl;L tpsf;fj;ij eluh[ tbtk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; mofpid Nehf;FNthk; eluh[ %u;j;jpapd; jpUf;fuj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; cLf;F> gilj;jw; njhopiyAk;> Iadpd; mdy; Vw;wpa fuk; mopj;jw; njhopiyAk;> J}f;fpajpUtb mUsw; njhopiyAk;> Kayfid <rd; kpjpj;J epw;Fk; ghjk; kiwj;jw;njhopiyAk; czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wd. ,dp khu;fop khjj;jpd; Md;kPfr; rpwg;gpid Nehf;fpd;> “khjq;fspy; ehd; khu;fop” vd;fpd;whu; fz;zd; fPijapy;. “khu;fopj; jpq;fs; kjp epiwe;j ed;dhshy;> ePuhlg;NghJtPu;” vd;fpd;whu; Mz;lhs;. “Njtu; khjk;” vd;wiof;fg;ngWk; khu;fop khjk; gz;Lnjhl;L top ghl;Lf;Fupa khjnkdf; nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. kdpjDf;F xU tUlfhyk;> Njtu;fSf;F xU ehs; Mfpd;wJ. ,J Njtehs; vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; gb gfw;fhyk; cj;juhazk; vd;Wk;> ,uhf;fhyk; jl;rzhadk; vdTk; ngau; ngWfpd;wJ. ij khjk; Kjy; Mdp khjk; tiu gfw; nghOjhfTk;> Mbkhjk; Kjy; khu;fop tiu ,uhf;fhykhfTk; mike;Js;sJ. kdpjdpd; xU khjk; Njtu;fSf;F Ie;J ehopifahf mikfpd;wJ. ,utpd; filrp K$u;j;jk; vkf;F tpbaw;fhyk;. ,JNt gpuk;k K$u;j;jk; vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuk;k K$u;j;jk; ,iwtopghl;bw;F cfe;jfhykhf mikfpd;wJ. khu;fop khjk; KOtJk; MltUk;> ngz;fSk; tpba Ie;J ehopiff;F tpopj;J> jj;jk; ,y;yq;fisr; Rj;jp nra;J> Kw;wj;jpd; eLg;gFjpiar; rhzj;jpdhy; nkOfp khf;Nfhykpl;L mjd; kj;jpapy; gps;isahu; gpbj;J itj;J kyu; ,l;L jPg Nkw;wp tzq;fp mRu G+j igrhrq;fsplkpUe;J jkf;F tpf;fpdq;fs; Vw;glh tz;zk; tpehafg; ngUkhid Ntz;bj; njhOjy; KiwahFk;. khu;fopg; gps;isahu; %u;j;jq;fis nghq;fy; md;W Nkhjfk; gilj;J G+rpj;J kWehs; mtw;iw rKj;jpuk;> fly;> Fsk;> MW Nghd;w ePu; epyq;fspy; ,l;L tzq;fp tpehafg; ngUkhid vk;ik rfy tpf;fpdq;fspypUe;Jk; tpLtpf;FkhW Ntz;bj; Jjpj;jYk; kughFk;. ,g;gzpia mjpfkhfg; ngz;ghyhNu nra;tu;.

Mz;ghyhu; ,tu;fl;F cjtpaha; ,Ue;J jpUg;gs;sp vOr;rp jpUvk;ghit Mfpa ghLjYk; toikahFk;.

21

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

ghit Nehd;G ngz;fs; khu;fop khjj;jpy; Nkw; nfhs;Sk; Nehd;ghFk;. kzkhd ngz;fs; khu;fopj; jpq;fis kq;fsj; jpUehshff; nfhz;L ePuhb kfpo;e;J jkJ jhypg; gyd; ngUf ,iwia Ntz;Ltu;. fd;dpg; ngz;fs; jkf;F ey;y fztid <rd; mUs Ntz;b ,e;Nehd;gpis Nehw;gu;. mj;NjhL ehl;by; kioAk; tsKk; Ntz;bAk; ,e;Nehd;gpid Nehw;gu;. ,e;Nehd;ig irt kf;fSk; itztUk; Nehw;gJ toik. ,jw;fhf mike;jNj kzpthrg;ngUkhd; ghbaUspa jpUvk;ghitAk;> Mz;lhs; ghbaUspa jpUg;ghitAkhFk;. ,e;Nehd;G kzpthrfg; ngUkhd; fhyj;jpy; Nru Nrho ghz;ba ehLfspy; ,lk; ngw;wik tuyhW. ,e;ehl;fspy; fd;dpg; ngz;fs; tpbaypd; Kd; Japy; vOe;J xt;nthUtu; tPlhfr; nrd;W mg;ngz;fisAk; ,iwtd; Gfo; ghl Japy; vOg;gp ePu; epiyfSf;F xd;whfr; nrd;W ngha;iffspy; ,wq;fp ,iwtd;> ,iwtp Gfo; ghb ePuhb Nehd;gpUe;J ,iwtopghL nra;J ,y;yk; jpUk;Gtu;. rq;f E}y; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; “ij ePuhly;” vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nfhfpyj;jpy; kf;fs; mjpfhiy ePuhba gpd; fhu;j;jpahapdp G+i[ nra;jik gw;wp kfhghujk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. njhlu;e;J kzpthrfg;ngUkhd; ghbj; je;j “jpUvk;ghit”g; ghly;fSf;F tUNthk;. ,jd; fz;Zs;s ghly;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; “Vy; Xu; vk;ghtha;” vd KbAk;. ,iwtd; jiytd;> capu;fs; ahTk; fd;dpg; ngz;fs;. ,t;Tapu;fs; Mtzkyj;jhy; gPbf;fg;gl;bUg;gNj cwf;fk;. ,tu;fs; Japy; vOjy; kygupghfk; vdg;gLk;. ,tu;fs; J}a;ik ngw;W md;G newpAld; ,iwaUspy; Njha;jNy> ,e;j khu;fop ePuhly;> Nehd;G Mfpatw;wpd; cs;su;j;jkhFk;. ,jd; gadhf jpUtUspd; Jizahy; Md;khf;fs; ehafdhfpa ,iwghjq;fis milfpd;wd. “gf;jpia tpae;J ghly;” jpUvk;ghitapd; cl;nghUs;. “Vy; Xu; vk;ghtha;” vd;gjd; nghUis Nehf;fpd; mk;gpifahk; nfsupia tpspj;J topghL vdg;nghUs;gLk;. ,dp jpUntk;ghitapy; ,lk;ngWk; Kjy; vl;Lg; ghly;fSk; fd;dpg; ngz;fs; jk;Ks; xUtiu xUtu; Japy; vOg;Gjiy czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wd. xd;gjhk; ghly; ,tu;fs; jkf;Fupa ew;fztu; ,ay;G $wp mj;jifa fztiuj; jkf;F je;jUs Ntz;Ljiyf; Fwpf;Fk;. gj;jhk; ghly; vk;ngUkhd; ngUikia mWjpapl;Lf; $wptpl KbahJ vd;gij czu;j;jp epw;Fk;. gjpNdhuhk; ghly; ,g;ngz;fs; ePuhlj; njhlq;FjiyAk; <rd;

jk;ikf; fhj;jUs Ntz;Lnkd;gijAk;> gd;dpuz;lhk; ghly; ngha;ifapy; md;wp RidapYk; ePuhliyf; Fwpj;J epw;gJld;> gjpd;%d;whk; ghly; jhk; ePuhLk; ngha;if jkf;F mk;ik mg;guhff; fhl;rp jUtijAk; Fwpj;J epw;f> gjpdhd;fhk; ghly; nfsup Nehd;gpw;Fupa Nrhjp epwk; $wp rf;jpapd; mUs; jpwj;ijAk; ,ak;Gfpd;wJ> gjpide;jhk; ghly; ,iwapd; mUl;Fzq;fisAk; mUl;buj;ijAk; tpgupf;f> gjpdhwhk; ghly; cyfj;jtiu thoitf;Fk; kiotsk; Ntz;b epw;wiyAk;> gjpNdohk; ghly; jd;id topgLgtu;f;Nf <rd; mUs;Gupthd; vd;w cz;ikiaAk;> gjpndl;lhk; ghly; #upNahja tu;zidiaAk;> gj;njhd;gjhk; ghly; ngz;fspd; fw;G rpwf;f mtu;fs; <rdUs; Ntz;LjiyAk;> ,Ugjhk; ghly; vk;ngUkhd; Ie;njhopiyAk; Gupe;jpLk; ,ay;igAk; mtd; jpUtUisAk;> nfsupak;ik jk;ik Ml;nfhs;sj; jd;ikisAk; czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wd. khu;fop ePuhly; mjprpwe;j Md;kPfr; rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. mLj;J Mz;lhs; jpUg;ghitg; gw;wp Nehf;fpd; gd;dpU Mo;thu;fSs; xUtu; #bf;nfhLj;j ehr;rpahu; vd ngaUk; ngw;wth; jdJ ghlypy; Mau;Fy kf;fs; fz;zd; Nky; nfhz;l jPtpugf;jp gw;wpAk; ghit Nehd;gpd; jd;ik gw;wpAk; ghbj;je;Js;shu;. mUikahfr; nrhy;ypd; jpUvk;ghit> jpUg;ghitg; ghly;fs; mk;ik mg;gd; ,ay;G mUl;ngUq;fUiz gw;wp tpsk;GtJld; Md;khf;fs; mQ;Qhdj; JapypypUe;J tpLgl;L> Qhd topg;gile;J <rd; mila Ntz;ba ghq;fpidAk; mtrpaj;ijAk; czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wd. ,t;tUk; mUl;ghly;fis ahk; jpupfuz Rj;jpAld; khu;fop khjk; KOtJk; mjpfhiyapy; Kiwg;gb Xjp <rdUs; ngWtJld; ,e;j cz;ikia ghly;fshy; vkJ ,sk; rpwhu;f;Fk; fw;Wf; nfhLj;J mtu;fisAk; Xj itj;J Md;kPfj;jpd; Njitia mtu;fisAk; czu itj;J> mtu;fis ed;ndwpahk; irtnewp khu;f;fj;jpy; mioj;Jr; nry;tJ vk; xt;nthUtuJk; jiyaha flikahFk;.

Nghw;wpnad; tho; Kjy; Mfpa nghUNs Gyu;e;jJ G+q;foy; ,izJiz kyu; nfhz;L Vw;wp epd; jpUKfj; njkf;fUs; kyUk; vopy; eif nfhz;L epd;jpUtb njhONjhk; Nrw;wpjo; fkyq;fs; kyUk; jz;tay;#o jpUg;ngUe;Jiw Aiw rptngUkhNd Vw;Wau; nfhbAilahk; vkf; nfhspaha; vk;ngUkhd; gs;sp vOe;jUshNa - jpUg;gs;spnaOr;rp -

m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ ituÉHh btËpL

A Compendium For Hindus

khk‹w¤â‹ btËplhd 'ïªJ k¡fS¡F xU ifnaL' üÈš ml§»íŸs bgU«ghyhd Éõa§fSl‹, nkyâfkhd gy jftšfisí« jh§»ajhf "A Compendium For Hindus" v‹w M§»y üš btËtªJŸsJ.

üÈ‹ Éiy %gh. 1000/=

bfhG«ãYŸs khk‹w¤ jiyikaf¤âY«, ahœ ãuhªâa gÂkidÆY« bg‰W¡ bfhŸsyh«. bjhl®òfS¡F : 011 2434990 (khk‹w¤ jiyikaf«), 021 222 1075 (ahœ ãuhªâa gÂkid) ïªJ xË

22

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

nahf® RthÄfŸ g¡f«

cyfpw;F Md;kPf tsk; ngUf;fpa Nahfh; Rthkpfs; jpUkjp ehr;rpahh; nry;tehafk;

ehs;NjhWk; xt;nthU kdpjDk; kd mikjpiaj; Njb miye;J nfhz;NlapUf;fpwhd;. ,e;j cyfj;jpy; kw;wth;fsplkpUe;J ehk; kdr;rhe;jpia> mjdhy; tUk; Nguikjpiaj; jtpu kw;nwy;yhtw;iwak; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk; . Mdhy; kdr; r he; j pia jd; i d czh; e ; j Qhdpfspd; fUizapdhNyNa, mth;fspd; topfhl;ly; %yk; mEl;bf;Fk; rhjidfspdhNyNa ngw KbAk;. vdNt kdpjd; cz; i kahd kd mikjp ngw Ntz;Lnkd;why; thDyfk; nrd;whYk; fpilg;gjhpJ. cz;ikahd QhdpapDila mUl;flhl;rj;jhy; mthpd; topfhl;lypy; nraw;gLtjhNyNa ngw KbAk;. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; “rhjid cs;s rj;Jf;fs;” fhz;gNu vd;W $WtJ rpe; j pf; f g; g lNtz; b aJ. rpe; j pj; J rpe; j pj; J nraw;gl Ntz;baJ. Md;kPfk; mjhtJ rhjid nra;Ak; rj; J f; f Ns kd mikjpiaf; fhzKbAk; . ,q; N f rj;Jf;fs; vd;gJ (rj;) cz;ik. cz;ikia czu rhjidfs; nra;gth;fs;jhd; rj;Jf;fs;.

“md;Ng rptkha;f; nfhz;l nghpNahh;f;Fj; Jd;gq;fNsJKz;Nlh - Fjk;gha;” “md;GilNahh; ghywnky;yh Kz;lhF kpd;gkth;f; nfd;nwd;wpir” vdTk;> ,t;thW gy ,lq;fspy; KOikg; nghUshfpa rptKk; Md;khTk; md;G epiyg;gl;lit vd;Wk;, md;ngd;w Ngnuhsp rptk; vdTk; mij milAk; Md;khTk;; md;Gg; nghUs; vdTk; $wpapUg;gJ Nehf;fw;ghyJ. vdNt Md;khit rptj;Jld; xd;W gLj;Jk; md;nghspia ek;kplj;Nj xspur; nra;Ak; rptnjhz;il Md;kPfg; ngUnewpahf mDG+jpapy; czh;e;J nraw;gl;l QhdpNa Nahfh; Rthkpfs;. “rptnjhz;L nra;thh;f;Fr; rpdkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy rptnjhz;L nra;thh;f;Fj; jPatfq;fhukpy;iy.” vd;w Rthkpfspd; mUs;thf;F vk;;khy; rpe;jpj;J nraw;gl Ntz;baJ. ehk; mr;rj;JlDk; rpdj;JlDk; mfq;fhuj;JlDk; nra;ag;gLk; Nritfs; Md;k;Pf kyh;r;rp ngw cjthJ mfq;fhuk; cs;s ,lj;jpy; xUNghJk; md;gpUg;gjpy;iy. md;gpUf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; mfq;fhuk; njhopw;glhJ.

Md;kPfk; Md;kPfnkd;gJ Md;khit nka;Azh;tpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; newp vdyhk;. kdpjdpy; mope;Jglf;$ba clYk; mopah capUk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mope;J glf;$ba cliy mopah caph; ca;jp ngw Ntz;br; nra;Ak; nray;fnsy;yhk; Md;kpfj;jpd; ghw;gLk;. mjhtJ rPtidr; rptdhfr; nra;Ak; njhz;Lfs; midj;Jk; Md;kPfNk. Md;kh ,ay;gpy; md;G kakhdJ. ,iwtDk; md;G kakhdtd;. vdNt Md;kh jdJ md;G epiyia ehd;> vdJ vd;Dk; nrUf;fhy; kwe;j epiyapy; cyfpd; Jd;g Jauq;fSf;F cs;shfpd;wJ. vdNt Md;kh cz;ik nrh&gkhfpa md;Ng kakhjNy Md;kPfkhFk;. ,j;jifa md;G kakhFk; rhjidNa irtk; $Wk; rhpia fphpia Nahfk; Qhdk; vd;Dk; ehw;ghjq;fshFk;. “md;Ng rptk;” vd;whh; ,iw mDG+jp ngw;w jpU%yh;.

Nahfh; RthkpfSk;> “md;Ng rptk; mwpe;jpllh mJNt ehnkdj; njhpe;jpllh” “md;id Nghy; md;gpy; rpwe;J” “md;Ng rptnkd;W}J}J” “md;Ng rptnkd twpthuty ktdpapyilahh; jd;NghnytiuAk; epidthh; rhe;jk; nghWikAilahh; Jd;Ng ftiy gpzpfs; njhluhjpth;fis ehSk;”> ïªJ xË

Md;kPf xOf;fk; Gd;newpapy; nry;yhJ ed;ndwpapy; nry;Yk; nraNy xOf;fk; vdyhk;. ts;Sth;> “xOf;fk; tpOg;gk; juyhy; xOf;fk; capupDk; Xk;gg;gLk;” vd;whh; md;G topg;gl;l mwnewpapy; xOFjNy Md;kPf xOf;fkhFk;. cyfr; rka Qhdpfs; midtUk; kdpjd; xOf;f newpapy; epw;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij tw;GWj;jp cs;sdh;. md;gpy;yhjtplj;J cz;ikahd xOf;fk; if$Ltjpy;iy. Qhdk; my;yJ Md;kPf kyh;r;rp vd;gJ cliyAk; cs;sj;ijAk; md;G topapy; newpg;gLj;jy;.

Rthkpfs; xOf;fj;jpd; Nkd;ikiaAk;> Md;kPf xsp ngwy; xOf;f topapNyNa rpj;jpf;fpd;wJ vd;gjidAk;> jd; Md;kPf xOf;fj;jpd; %yk; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whh;. “xOf;fk; tpOg;gk; jUk; jk;gpkhNu Xnkd;W rpe;ij nra;tPh; jk;gpkhNu mOf;fh wthntFsp jk;gpkhNu Md;khitg; ge;jpf;Fj; jk;gpkhNu ehg;gpsf;fg; ngha;Aiuj;J jk;gpkhNu ehl;bw; nghUs; Njl Ntz;lhk; jk;gpkhNu” vdTk;>

NkYk; md;gpdpy; kf;Sf;Fr; Nrit nra;tJ NgnuhOf;fkhfTk; Rthkpfshy; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ. 23

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

“tha;ikAk; Mw;wYk; tsh;j;jply; ,d;gk; J}a;ikAk; moFk; Mh;j;jply; ,d;gk; Nkaed;dPjp Nktply; ,d;gk; Nea md;Gyfpy; epiwe;jply; ,d;gk; ghku kf;fl; gzpnray; ,d;gk;”

ngUkhd; jpUKd;dpiy vd;W rhjid nra;. flTs; cs;Sk; GwKk; cs;sth;.” ,t;tifapy; Md;kPf xOf;fj;ij kf;fs; NgZk; tifapy; vspikahf vLj;Jf; $wpath; Nahfh; Rthkpfs;. “kiyNaWtjw;F cjTk; Cd;W Nfhiyg; NghyNt xOf;fj;ij Md;kPf tsh;r;rpf;F mDrhpf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Rthkpfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. jd;idj; jpUj;jhJ ahj;jpiuf;Fg; Nghtjdhyht njd;d? vd;w Nfs;tpia ekf;F tpLfpd;whh;. xOf;fkha; ele;J kdij Mj;khNthL Nrh;j;JtplNtz;Lk;. xOf;fk; jtwpdhy; kdk; jPq;F nra;ag;ghh;f;Fk; vd;gNj Rthkpfs; cgNjrk;.

Nahfh; Rthkpfs; epyTyfpy; rQ;rhpj;j fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifapYk; ,e;jpahtpYk; gyKiw jpf; tp[ak; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; mtiuj; jhprpj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; mth; fhl;ba topapy; rptnjhz;lh;fshf ,d;Wk; thoe;J nfhz;L tUk; md;gh;fs; rpyuhfNt cs;sdh;. fhuzk; mth; fhl;ba newpapy; rhjid nra;Nthh; rpyNu. Rthkpfs; nry;yg;gh; vd;w FU %ykhfg; ngw;w Md;kPf tsj;ijf; nfhz;L jd;idAk; tsk;gLj;jp> cyifAk; tsk;gLj;Jtjpy; nraw;gl;l cj;jk mUshsh;. mtuhy; aho; Flhehl;by; khj;jpuky;yhky; ,yq;ifj; jpUehl;bYk; Nkw;Fj; Njaq;fspYk; Md;kPfg;gaph; tsh;e;J tUtJ Fwpg;gplj; jf;f tplakhFk;. guk;nghUs; ,uz;lw;w Mde;jkha; epiynfhz;bUe;jhYk; kdjpd; khrpdhy; Vw;gLk; mwpahikapdhy; fhzKbahky; cs;sJ. vdNt kdkhir ePf;Ftjd; %yNk Md;kPf tsj;ijg; ngUf;f KbAk; vd;gjid cyfpw;F jdJ tho;thYk; thf;fhYk; vLj;Jf;$wpa mDG+jpkhd; Nahfh; Rthkpfs;. ,tuJ Md;kPfg; Nghjidfs; mlq;fpa ew;rpe;jid vd;w E}y; kdpj tho;it Md;kPf tsg;gLj;Jk; xsp tpsf;fhFk;. vdNt ew;rpe;jidiaf; fw;W mjd; topele;jhy; ehk; rptkhfptpLNthk;.

neQ;rpNy cz;ik md;G ,Uf;Fk;NghNj tha;ik mjhtJ rj;jpak; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. neQ;rpNy cz;ik md;G ngUFk;NghNj jUkk; (mwk;) nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt cz;ikahd xOf;fk; md;G topapNyNa ,lk; ngWtJ. ,J Qhdpfspd; mUs; xspapy; fz;l mDgt cz;ikahFk;. md;gpUf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; ed;wpAzh;T> kd;dpf;Fk; jd;ik> mlf;fk; Kjyhd rPupa Fzq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ts;StUk; ed;wpf;F tpj;jhFk; ey;nyhOf;fk; vd;Wjhd; $wpdhh;. ehk; ekf;Fs;Ns Md;kPf epiyapy; ngUg;gjw;F xOf;fNk mbg;gilf; fhuzkhFk; vd;gijr; Rthkpfs; gy ,lq;fspy; Nghw;wpAs;shh;. md;nghOf;fNk Md;khit xspngw itf;fpd;wJ. rptj;ijAk; Md;khitAk; xd;whf;Fk; md;nghOf;fj;ij Rthkpfs; gy ,lq;fspy; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whh;. “md;Ng rptnkd;W Md;NwhUiuj;jhh;fs; Mdikahy; ehq;fs; fpspNa md;gha; ,Ug;NghNk ,ug;gth;fpy;iynad;W fpspNa vLj;J eP nrhy;yhNj <tJ ed;iknadf;fpspNa vLj;jt;it nrhd;dhNu rhtJ te;jhYq; fpspNa rj;jpak; kwthNj jha; nrhy;iyj; jl;lhNj je;ij nrhy; ke;jpuNk”

“jdf;Fj;jhd; cz;ikahf tpUe;jhy; ahTk; tpsq;Fk;. jd;idg;Nghy; kw;wth;fisAk; Nerpj;jNy jtk;. mJNt mwk;” vdTk;> “eP clk;gd;W kdkd;W> Gj;jpad;W rpj;jkd;W eP Mj;kh. Mj;kh xU ehSk; mopahJ. ,J kfhd;fSila mDgt rpj;jhe;jk;. ,e;j cz;ik cdJ cs;sj;jpy; ed;wha;g; gjpaf;fltJ. Mdhy; eP ftdpf;f Ntz;baJ xd;Wz;L. mjhtJ jUk newpapy; gprfhNj. vt;TapUk;

m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ btËpL

<H¤J Mya§fŸ (ahœ kht£l âU¤jy§fŸ ghf« - 1) bjhF¥gháÇa® : it. nrhknrfu‹

ahœ kht£l¤âYŸs Éehaf® Mya§fŸ, át‹ Mya§fŸ, m«k‹ Mya§fŸ, KUf‹ Mya§fŸ, itut® Mya§fŸ k‰W« Vida Mya§fŸ vd 350¡F« mâfkhd Mya§fË‹ tuyhW ml§»íŸsJ. üÈ‹ Éiy : %gh 1250/= bfhG«ãYŸs khk‹w¤ jiyikaf¤âY«, ahœ ãuhªâa gÂkidÆY« bg‰W¡ bfhŸsyh«. bjhl®òfS¡F 011 2434990 (khk‹w¤ jiyikaf«), 0212221075 (ahœ ãuhªâa gÂkid) ïªJ xË

24

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flîËl¤J« rka¤â‹ÛJ« e«ã¡ifÆ‹ik ïisP® vÊš ey‹fsid¤ijí« mÊ¡F« nguháÇa® lh¡l® fdfrghgâ ehnfÞtu‹ ïiz¥ nguháÇa®, bkhʤJiw, r¥ufKt gšfiy¡fHf«

à yîy»ny njh‹¿a khÅlîÆ®fsid¤J« ïiwtdJ gil¥ò v‹gnj ntjth¡»Œ«. ïa‰ifiaí«, ãugŠr¤ijí« cyf¤ njh‰w¤ijí« cÆÇa‰ifiaí«, gil¥ò ufáa¤ijí« E£gkhf vL¤J¡ TWtd ntj ïy¡»a§fshF«. ntj« bghJ üš; Mfk« áw¥ò üš. rka thœî ï‹gªjUtJ. flîŸ e«ã¡if mid¤J vÊš ey‹fisí« nf£fhkny mUstšyJ. ï¤j¤Jt¤âid e«Äš v¤jidng® m¿th®fnsh?! flîËl¤J«, rka¤â‹ ÛJ« e«ã¡ifÆ‹ik ïisP® vÊš ey‹fsid¤ijí« nyrhfnt mʤJÉL«. mid¤J« cŸsJngh‹W njh‹Wnk jÉu mÊÉ‹ ÉË«ig neh¡» MHkhf¢ brštjid czU« ehŸ vªehnsh? mid¤JÄU¥gjhf¡ fUJtJ«, bjŒtª bjhHh (m)ikí«, rka thœ¡ifƉ ão¥ã‹ikí« cyf mÊɉnf tÊtF¡F«. kjthj«, mo¥gil thj« v‹W TWnth® jhnk mid¤J« bjǪJz®ªjt®fŸ v‹w gh‹ikÆš muáaš el¤J»‹wd®. nfty§fis ts®¡»‹wd®. ïisP® áªjid Úâia v¥bghGJ« eho miktJ. ïisP® ey‹fis neá¡F« kd¥gh‹ik bfh©lt®fŸ, ÉŠPhd És¡f§fis mDrǤJ c©ikia V‰W el¥gt®fŸ. Mdhš ï‹W ïisP®fsJ« ítâfsJ« Kf¤âny ï‹g«, k§fs«, k»œ¢á, Mdªj«, rhªj«, bgUÄj«, yºÛfu«, óÇ¥ò, tÓfu«, ft®¢á v‹gd kUªJ¡F« »il¥gjÇJ. Kf« Rliy khâÇah»É£lJ. RLfhL v‹gnj át‹ ML« kahd«. thG«nghnj Kf« RliyahaiktJ rÇah vd ahuhtJ áªâ¡»wh®fsh? eÇ¡F« kÅjU¡Fnk nt‰WikÆšyhjjh»É£lJ. ïisP®fŸ Ãid¡»wh®fŸ jªâukhí« fglkhí«, Vkh‰¿í«, Rf ey‹fis¤ jh« bg‰W mDgɤJÉlyh« v‹W. ïj‹ btË¥ghnl "Kf¤âš _njÉ" FoÆU¥gJ. v©z¤â‹ f©zhona Kf«. jÄÊny "mf¤â‹ mHF Kf¤â‰ bjÇí«" v‹WŸsJ. br«ik ey‹fS«, ÓÇa rka thœî« mikahj thœ¡ifÆ‹ bgWngWjh‹ rÈ¥ig¤ jU»‹w Kf«; ft®¢áiaí« xËiaí«, Phd Ô£r©Âa¤ijí« ïHªj Kf«. vdnt Kf¡ft®¢á És§fnt©LkhÆ‹ v‹d brŒa nt©L« v‹gJ Édh. bjŒt«, flîŸ, thœ Kjyh»a bghUŸ v‹W« c©bl‹W MHkhf e«gnt©oaJ KjyhtJ brŒa¤j¡fJ. mL¤jJ, Kf¤âš ghÇÞ gîl®, m¤j® (br‹‰) tiffis mŸË m¥òtJ« my§fÇ¥gJ« nkiy¤njr fyhrhu¤â‹ bra‰ghLfŸ v‹gjidíz®tJl‹ ïªJ xË

v¤jid tifÆdt‰iw m¥ãdhY« clÈ‹ ïa‰if kz«, òyhš eh‰w« mt‰iw ÉŠá ÉF« v‹gJ irt¥ ngU©ik. ïisP®fŸ ïjid¥ òǪJ bfh©lhš KjÈny brŒa nt©oaJ j¤j« clš eh‰wbkL¡fhkš ïU¡f Ma¤jŠ brŒtJ; mij v¥go¢ brŒJ bfhŸsyhbk‹whš irt czî KiwÆdhš k£Lnk mikí«. ÑiH¤njr¥ g©ghL g‰¿a m¿î ïj‰F nt©L«. czÉ‹ j‹ikfŸ, cl‰ brÇkhd«, Éa®it, fÊî¥bghU£fis mf‰Wjš v‹W rka eilKiw ÉÇîgL«. fil¥ão¡fnt©L«. kÅj‹, ïisP‹ kªijíz®¢áia ÉL¤J m¿îz®¢á, bjËîz®¢áíl‹ elªJ bfhŸtj‰F« flîsJ âUtUŸ ngW »il¡fnt©L«. ïJ v¥goaikí« v‹gJ Édh? gu«giu, ghu«gÇa ïašó¡f« vdbth‹W x›bthU cÆ®¡FK©L. mJ jªij, jhŒ, Kªijnah® tÊtÊ - thiHaothiHahŒ tUtJ. Éid¥ga‹ v‹W«, f‹kÉid v‹W« irtá¤jhªj« ngR»wJ. jh« jh« brŒj Éid¥gaD¡nf‰gnt ãwÉfŸ njh‹W« v‹gJ Koªj KoghF«. ãuh®¤j«, MfhÄa«, rŠáj« v‹W tif¥gL¤â ÉǤJiu»wJ irtá¤jhªj«. ïjid e«ghj ò¤âéÉfS«, jh‹njh‹¿¢ rka¥ nghjf®fS« cyif, ïisP®fis¥ ãiHahd tÊfËny âir âU¥ã tÊ¥gL¤â ïl®¥gL»‹wd®. bghUŸKjš thjK«, mâfhu Mâ¡fK« c©ikÆ‹ f©fis ïW¡fkhfnt _l¥g©Â ÉL»‹wd. ïjdhš bghŒikí«, Vkh‰W«, j‹ Kid¥ò« jh©ltkhl¤ bjhl§F»‹wd. ãiHahd thœ¡if ne®ikahdjh»É£lJ. vj‰F« gz« tÊel¤J»‹wJ. ka¡fnk mâfÇ¡»‹wJ| ne®ik iff£o É»‹wJ| thŒik Inah v‹W f¤J»wJ; g©ò ml§»¡ »l¡»‹wJ; gÂî mtkâ¥ò¡fsh»É£lJ; ijÇa« eáªJ »l¡»wJ. Vkh‰W¡ nfhnyh¢R»wJ. nghjidfŸ mâ®btofshŒ¡ »s«ò»‹wd. ã‹g‰WthÇy®. "braš" v‹gJ ãwiu¡ bfh©L brŒÉ¥gjh»É£lJ. "Vtš ngŒ Tiuia¥ ãL§F«" v‹W jÄÊny KJbkhÊ ãiHahdjšy; fhuz fhÇa¤bjhl®òilaJ. ïªj ïy£rz¤âšjh‹ ïisP®fis eh« flîËl¤âš e«ã¡if ití§fŸ, rka thœî thH¡ f‰W¡ bfhŸS§fŸ v‹W TÉ miH¡fnt©oa ÃiyíŸsJ. "nruthU« brf¤Ônu" v‹gJ irt¤â‰F¥ òâjhdbjh‹wšy; Mdhš j‹id¤ âU¤Jjš, j‹ida¿jš "Know my self" v‹gjid ï‹W ah®jh‹ v©Â¥ gh®¡»‹wd®. ï¤jUz¤âšjh‹ 25

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bgh‹idí«, gjÉiaí«, mâfhu¤ijí« vŸË eifaho êjid brŒj irteha‹kh®fŸ ekJ ftd¤â‰F cÇat®fsh»‹wd®. "Mir" v‹gJ bghšyhjJ. mJ mthit¤ jutšyJ. "ghr«" mijÉl tÈik thŒªjJ. vjidí« brŒa¤ ö©LtJ. ït‰iw ts®¤bjL¡F« r¡â kd¤â‰F c©L. vdnt ïisP® kd« v‹gJ eh« T®ªJ mtjhÅ¡fnt©oa bghUsh»‹wJ. ï‹W ïisP® kd« Fu§fh»É£lJ. mikâiaí« ml¡f¤ijíKila kdij¡ fh©gJ mÇâD« mÇJ. FH¥gK«, jÉ¥ò«, nfhgK«, ntfK« bfh©l kd¤ij cilat®fns, t¡»u kd« gil¤jt®fns khªjUŸ kh¡f§fbsd¤ âÇ»‹wd®. ïj‰bf‹d fhuz« vd¥òÇjš fodkhdbjh‹wšy; f‰w fšÉí«, f‰w ghl§fS« jh‹ kd«, ò¤â, á¤j«, mf§fhu« v‹gt‰Wl‹ bjhl®òilaJ. fšÉ v‹gj‹ bghUŸ És§fhknyna f‰WÉ£nlhbk‹W v©Q»‹nwh«. fšÉ vJ? vij¡ f‰gJ? V‹ f‰gJ? v‹gjid ahuhtJ nfŸÉbaG¥ã MuhŒªJ Ô®khŤjh®fsh? »ilahJ. jªâuK«, Vkh‰W«, gz« ciH¤jš neh¡fK« Ra ey¡bfhŸifí« Kjš neh¡fkhf mikí«. ÓÉa¤âš flîŸ e«ã¡if, rka thœî v‹gd nfÈ¡ T¤Jfshfnt Koí«. vâš ne®ik ïšiynah mJ mÊí«. vâš c©ikÆšiynah mJ ÃiwntwhJ. ïj‰F ntW rh‹WfŸ fhznt©oaâšiy. bgÇa òuhzK«, fªj òuhzK«, g‹ÅU âUKiwfS«, moah® tuyhWfSnk rh‹WfshF«. ït‰iw ahuhtJ fU¤ö‹¿¡ f‰»wh®fsh? thá¤j¿»wh®fsh? f‰W¤ âUªjnt©L« v‹whÆD« Ãid¡»wh®fsh? v‹W ïisP®fns r‰W¢ áªâ¤J¥ ghU§fŸ rKjha ey‹ nk«ghL ešy rKjha¤â‰fhd m¿îiufŸ, Phdnk‹ik¡fhd M‹Ûf¤â£l§fŸ v‹W áªâ¡f nt©lhkh? m¥go¢ áªâ¥gJjh‹ jtwhdjh? vJ rÇ? vJ ãiH? v‹W myá¥gh®¡f nt©oa njit ï‹W vGªJŸsJ. "kd« btS¡f tÊÆšiy v§fŸ K¤JkhÇ" v‹Wjh‹ ehK« x¤J¥ghlnt©oíŸsJ. vdnt ïÅ kdij¤ âU¤JtJ, kdij¥ gƉWÉ¥gJ v¥go? v‹gJ K‹DŸs bgÇa nfŸÉ. ï‹W jÄœ ïy¡»a kuãY«, irt¥ g©gh£L kuãY« brhšy¥g£LŸs Éla§fS«, ÉGÄa§fS« vŸË eifahl¥gL« ngh¡»nyna ájW©L »l¡»‹wd. mt‰¿‹ bgWkâia murh§fnkh, mik¢r®fnsh, mâfhÇfnsh, îth»fnsh VbwL¤J¥ gh®¥gjhf ïšiy; Äny¢r fyhrhunk m¤jid ngÇY« goªJnghŒ »l¡»‹wJ. j®k«, Úâ, ne®ik, flik, f©Âa«, kâ¥ò, bfsut« v‹gdbtšyh« ahU¡F v‹w nfŸÉ vGªJÉ£lJ. xL¡FKiw, ml¡FKiw, ngj«, ghug£r«, mÚâ v‹gdt‰iw¡ nf£fî«, gh®¡fî« KiwÆlî«, Ô®îfhzî« Koahj ï¡f£lhd mâfhu¤jd« cyf ehLfËny nfhnyh¢R»‹wd. vÇ»w å£oš ãL§»dJ Ä¢r« v‹W r®tnjr uh#jªâÇfŸ jkJ nt£ifia¤ Ô®¤J¥ ãiH¤J¡ bfhŸ»‹wd®. vj‰F« e«gfkhd Ô®¥ò ïªJ xË

v‹gJ x‹W »ilahJ. ehlfnk cyfbk‹wh»É£lJ. ït‰¿dhš MtJ x‹WÄšiy v‹w V¡f« xU òw«, kWòw« ït‰W¡fhd v⮤jh¡f«jh‹ v‹d? v‹w Édh c©bl‹gjid vtUnk kwªJÉl¡TlhJ. mJjh‹ flîËl¤J e«ã¡ifí«, rka thœÉš <LghL« v‹gJ, jh¡f¤â‰F v⮤jh¡f« âra« v‹gJ X® c©ik vLnfhŸ. ïjid¡ f©Q¡F K‹dhnyna fh©»nwhkšyth? vdnt KjÈš e«ik ehnk âU¤â¡ bfhŸnth«. ekJ FiwghLfŸ g‰¿¡ fij¥ngh«; Éthâ¥ngh«; eLÃiyÆš ËW Ô®khÅ¥ngh«. x¤J¡bfhŸnth«; É£L¡bfhL¥ngh«. ãwU¡fhftšy; ek¡fhf; ekJ e‹ik¡fhf; ekJ rKjha thœî¡fhf; ekJ bfsut¤J¡fhf; ekJ ïdkj nk‹ik¡fhfbt‹W x›bthUtU« áªâ¡fnt©oa fhyf£l« tªJÉ£lJ. ï›ts®¢á eha‹kh® ek¡F¡ f©L fh£oaJ. bghJ¥ gÂÆš fil¥ão¤jJ; flî£gÂÆš bt‰¿ jªjJ. Mfnt f©iz _o¡bfh©L fhÇa§fŸ brŒtijÉl f©iz mfyÉǤJ¡ bfh©L eyneh¡f nk«gh£nlhL fhÇa§fŸ brštijna ïisP®fŸ ï‹W tÈíW¤j nt©oa ÉlakhF«. "fhy«" gšntW rÇahd - njitahd fhÇa§fis¢ brŒí« v‹gJ thÞjt«. njitahdt‰iw¡ fhy¤â‰F V‰g cUth¡Fgt‹ flîns! Mjyhš "fhy¤ij cUth¡F« fhuz‹" v‹W flîis miH¥gJ©L. xUtid ï‹bdhUt‹ MS»‹wh‹ v‹gnj khbgU« jtW. mJ v¥go? v‹gJ ï‹W M£l§f©LÉ£lJ. moik bfhŸsî« KoahJ. vdnt ÃfG»‹w J‹g Jau§fS¡F¥ òâjhŒ v‹d Ô®î! v‹gJjh‹ nfŸÉ, m¥gobahU òâJ« nt©oaâšiy. všyh¤â‰F« giHa KiwÆnyna rÇahd cWâahd Ô®î brhšy¥g£LÉ£lJ. mjid¥ ghuhjJ«, go¡fhjJ«, gu¥ghjJ«jh‹ e«ÛJŸs khbgU« F‰w«. F‰w§ fisªJ FiwÔ®¡F« áªjidahs® njh‹W« tiu ïl®jh‹ ÄŠR«. ãu¢áidfis¢ brhšÈ¡ bfh©oU¥gjhš Ô®î tuhJ; Ô®¥ò tªJÉ£lhš ãu¢áid brhšgt®fsJ gjÉ njit¥glhJ. vdnt gjÉahiríila nkjhÉfŸ jhÄw¡F«tiuÆš Úâ¡F mogÂa¥nghtâšiy. mÚâia¥ bgU¥ã¡fnt Mir¥gLt®; mj‰F beŒô‰Wt®; ïJjh‹ eilKiwÆYŸsJ. ïjdhšjh‹ PhÅfŸ "j«ik¤jh« KjÈny âU¤â¡ bfh©lh®fŸ." mâfkhd rh‹WfŸ nt©oaâšiy. "xUikíl‹ ÃdJ âUkyuo Ãid¡»‹w c¤jk®j« cwînt©L«" v‹W bjhl§F« jhíkhdt® ghlš x‹nw ekJ kdª âUªj¥ nghJkhdJ. ï‹W ahU¡F ah® brhštJ? v‹gJ ghÇa ãu¢áidahF«. ïitaid¤J« irtbe¿ia m¿ahjhU¡nf ãu¢áidfŸ. ïÅ¡ flîŸ e«ã¡if¡F«, irthrhu rkathœî¡Fbkd¡ fil¥ão¡f nt©oaitba‹gJ F¿¤J neh¡fyh«. "k©Qy»nyna ãwÉkhrw thHyh«" v‹gjid KjÈny e«g nt©L«. Phdr«gªj¥bgUkh‹ "k©Âš ešy t©z« thHyh«" v‹W«, 26

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"bg©ÂdšyhbshL« bgUªjifÆUªjijba©Âš k©Âš ešy t©z« thHyh«" v‹W« e«ã¡ifíl‹ njthu¤âny mUË¢ brŒJŸsh®. xG¡fKilik, moat®fS¡FÇa g©òfis¤ jh§» Éwš, moah®¡F 炙jkhd cUt toÉduhf ïiwt‹ fh£á¥glš, jy ah¤âiu, Ô®¤j ah¤âiu KjÈait g¡âíl‹ ïizªj bra‰ghLfŸ. ïiwt‹ bgUikfis¡ nf£lš, cU»¥ghlš, bjhGâ‹òwš, ïiwt‹ÛJ cÇik bfhŸsš KjÈait g¡âbe¿¡F nkY« tYñ£L»‹wd. åLngW miltj‰F g¡â tÊKiwah»‹wJ. g¡â¢RitnahL <Lglš åLng‰¿id miltj‰FÇa fiyEf® elto¡ifah»‹wd. rka« v‹gJ e«ã¡iffis mo¥gilahf¡ bfh©lJ. k¡fis k¡fshf thœtj‰F tÊfh£LtJ. thœ¡ifÆš j‹d«ã¡ifí« jsuhj Ka‰áiaíª jUtJ. thœ¡ifÆš FL«g¤âš ïUªJ bfh©nl gu«bghUŸ eh£lK« flîŸ Ãid¥ò« cy»aÈš óuz¤JtK« bgWtj‰F¢ rka« be¿¥gL¤JtJ kÅj nea¤ij ts®¥gJ, mid¤â‰F« MjhukhíŸs ïiwtÅl¤âš e«ã¡if bfhŸs¢ brŒtJ. ïªj¥ bgU e«ã¡ifjh‹ rKjha nk«gh£o‰F« br«ik¡F« _yfhuzkhf miktJ. irt rka«, irt¡ flîŸ Ml«gu¤ij mo¥gilahf¡ bfh©litašy; vËikiaí« c©ikiaínk mit V‰W¡bfh©lit irt« vËikahdJ; átbdD« flîŸ c©ikahdJ. ïisP® rKjha¤â‰F ešy M§»y¥òyik thŒªj ehty® bgUkhD«, nkiy¤njr MuhŒ¢áÆny áªJbtË¥ g©gh£o‹ bgUikia Mâ¤bjh‹ikíila áttÊfh£o}nl f©bfh£oa nr®. n#h‹ kh®õš, M®. o. gd®Í ngh‹wt®fS« xU§nf vL¤Jiu¥gJ tUkhW. ï›th§»y nk‰nfhŸ f‰Wz®j‰FÇaJ. "Among the many revelations that Mohanjadaro and

rh‹nwh®fS« njh‹¿íŸsd®. irt rka¤âid¥ òw¢rka¤âÅ‹W fh¡fî« jÄH® e«ã¡iffisí« g©gh£oidí« ngzî« âUPhdr«gªj®, m¥g®, Rªju®, k¡fthrf® v‹w ehštU« njh‹¿d®. g©Rkªj ghlšfËš m¥gU« r«gªjU« gâf§fis¥ gho k¡fis¤ jl« òushkš fh¤jd®. ït®fshš irt« v§F« Ãiybg‰wJ. tl eh£L¥ g¡â¥ g©gh£il Élî« bj‹dh£L g¡â¥g©ghL åÇaÄ¡fJ; brGik thŒªjJ. mUŸ ta¥g£lJ. vdnt âahd tÊgh£o‹ knfh‹dj¤ijÉl knfh‹djkhdJ g©Âir¤ âUKiw tÊgh£L kuò v‹gjid m¿ªJz®ªJ bj˪J É£lhš nghJkhdJ. mUshš M£LÉ¥gJ g©Âir¤ âUKiw tÊghnl. ïiwt‹ nf£gJ g©izna; mUŸ òÇtJ« âUKiw¤ jÄG¡nf. m‰òj§fis¢ brŒtJ« âUKiw¤ jÄG¡nfah«. všnyh®¡F« vËjhdJ âUKiwfis kdd« g©Â _iyKL¡bfšyh« XJtnj. bkhÊíz®î«, ïiwíz®î« V‰gl ïiwtdJ mU£fUiz nt©L«. ïit nt©lh« v‹w ãothj« nkY« mÊitna ešF«. âUªjntQ«; âUªjyh« v‹W Ãid¥nghU¡nf vG¤J«, fU¤J«; btËpL«. mªj¢ áªjida‰nwhiu¡ fh¥gh‰wnt©oa njit vk¡»šiy; mÊtij ÃW¤JtJ ahkšy. mÊa¥ngh»‹nwh« v‹gijí« e«khš jL¡fKoahJ. ïa‹wsî Kašnth«..... Éâ¥go - CÊ‹ tÊ ÃfG« vd e«ònth«; ntbw‹d brŒaKoí«? mÊtij¡ f©L gjWtij¤ jÉ®¥ngh«! "bfLFo brh‰nfhshJ" v‹W jÄÊny ntiyÄd¡bf£L¢ brhš it¡fÉšiyna! òǪJ bra‰gLnthkh v‹d brhšY§fŸ! ïisP®fns! Ú§fŸ irthya tÊghL brŒjhš ï¡f£LiuahsU¡F¥ ga‹ »il¡fhJ. c§fsJ tÊgh£Lz®¢áÆdhš gyD« c§fS¡fhdnj.

Mya tÊgh£o‹ mo¥gil¤ j¤Jt¤ij Ú§fŸ cz®tJ ï¡f£Liuia vGJ« vk¡F xUnghJ« cjt¥nghtâšiy. mJ c§fŸ kidÉ, k¡fŸ, cwÉd®fŸ, rKjha¤âd® v‹ngh®¡nf ga‹gl¥ ngh»wJ. vdnt e‹ikí« eyD« Éisant©L« v‹gnj ekJ ca® neh¡F Mir; vdnt MyaªbjhGtJ rhyî« e‹W; "nfhÆšyhj Clj FoÆU¡f nt©lh«" v‹gJ òâajšy; Mf¥gHikahdJ; brŒa¤j¡fJ. "bghšyh§F" v‹gJ xsitahÇ‹ brhš. "xUtiuí« bghšyh§F brhšy nt©lh«." v‹gJ irtrka¥ bgU« g©ghL. mf‹w Phd¢bršt®fŸ - kd ÉÇî« ÉrhyKKilat®fŸ vtiuínk bghšyh§F brhšy kh£lh®fŸ. ïisP®fŸ ÉntfK«, cl‰gyK«, Úâ KiwikÆš e«ã¡ifíKilatuhjÈdhny ãwiu¥ bghšyh§F brhšykh£lh®fŸ; xUtiuínk bghšyh§F brhšykh£lh®fŸ. Mfnt irtbe¿ jiH¤njh§Ftj‰F ï¥bghšyh§F brhšY« g©ig ÃW¤Jnth«. "khjhit xUehS« kw¡fnt©lh«" v‹gJ ï‹DbkhU m¿îiu. ït‰iw eh« ÃidªbjhGfnt©L«.

Harappa have had in store for us. None perhaps is more remarkable then this discovery that saivism has a history going back to the chalcolithic age, or perhaps even further still and it thus takes its most ancient lining faith in the world (Vide Mohanjadaro and the Indus Civilzation Vol. I.P. VII) v‹W

bjËîW¤jš v©z¤j¡fJ. irtrka« cyf¤ânyna Äfî« bjh‹ik thŒªjJ v‹gJ«, mªbe¿¡FÇat®fŸ jÄH®fŸ v‹gJ« m¿P® bgUk¡fË‹ fU¤jhF«. ïisP®fŸ m¿th®ªj mo¥gilÆny irt¤â‹ ngU©ikfis ehty® tÊÆš MHkhfnt f‰W mj‹ ngU©ikfis¤ bjËthf¥òǪJ bfhŸsš nt©L«. irt« bgUªbjhif üšfis¡ bfh©oy§FtJ; üysntahFkh« E©z¿î; thá¤Jz®ªj¿a¡ flt®. gy nghuh£l§fis¡ f©lJ« mt‰iw bt‹W thif NoaJ« irt rka tuyh‰¿ny c©L. "ehkh®¡F« Foašnyh«" v‹gJ âUehî¡furuJ nfhõ«. beU¡fo V‰gL« bghGbjšyh« irtbe¿ia¡ fh¡f¤ âUtUshš PhÅfS« ïªJ xË

27

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jÄœ_y«, g©ghL _y« ït‰¿‹ jh‰gÇa§fis¤ bjËîw m¿ªJ xGFjš nt©L«. brhªj¤ jhÆÅl¤âš m‹ò ghuh£lhjt‹ ãwÇl¤J«, flîËl¤J« v¥go m‹ò - ner« bfhŸth‹ v‹gJ Äf¥bgÇa gaDŸs nfŸÉ.

Mya tÊgh£o‰F Ûiria Éy¡fš, jho it¤jš, fhÉ f£lš, cU¤âuh¡f« mÂjš ngh‹w òw¢á‹d my§fhu§fŸ ïisP®fS¡F¤ njitÆšiy. átá‹d§fis mÂjš nfhy mHF jU«. âUÚW jǤjš, á¤j¤ij¡ flîËl¤J¢ brY¤Jjš ïu©Lnk nghJkhdJ. mf¤öŒikna Mya tÊgh£o‹ MÂnt®.

KGKj‰flîŸ át‹ v‹w bjËÉšyhj gy® ï‹W jh«jh« cUth¡F« flîs®fns FybjŒt« v‹W kiy¥ò‰W¡ bfL»‹wd®. ï›Él¤âš bjËîbgWjš mtáakhF«. kÅj®fŸ vtUnk flîsušy®. ãw¥ò« ïw¥òk‰w át‹ xUtnu cyF¡F KGKj‰ flîŸ. fhy¤jhš K‰g£l, ï‹D« MuhŒ¢áÆdhY«, tÊgh£odhY« f©L fh£blhzhj j‹ika‹ átbgUkh‹ k£Lnk v‹gnj ngU©ikahf mika cyf khªj® j¤j« <LghL fhuzkhf nahÅthŒ ãwªJ koí« j‹ikahsiu flîŸ v‹W bfh©lhLtJ bghUªjhJ vÅ‹, kfh‹fisí« PhÅfisí« mUshs®fisí« kh®¡f Óy®fisí«, moah®fisí« Éy¡F§fŸ v‹W TWtbj‹gJ m®¤jkšy; KGKj‰ flîŸg‰¿a ãu¡iPna ï§F myr¥gLtJ. ïâš bjËî V‰glhJÉo‹ ïl® gy cUthF«. ntjid ÄF«; J‹g« bjhlU«; Ôik kÈí«; kuz« bgUF«; nrhf« Úo¡F«. Ja® xUnghJ« Ôukh£lhJ. rÇahdt‰W¡F¡ Fuš bfhL¡F« g©ò ïisP®fS¡FÇaJ. mÚâia cÇa ïl¤ânyna j£o¡ nf£lš v‹gJ j®k¤â‹ gh‰gLtJ. vdnt âU¡nfhÆÈš brŒa¤jfhjitfŸ ÃfGÄl¤J mt‰iw Éy¡» it¡f¤ bjhʉgL« átbjh©luÂÆd® njh‹w nt©oa f£lha« c©lh»íŸsJ. âU¡nfhÆÈš brŒa¤jfhjitfŸ g‰¿a m¿î midt®¡F« m¤âahtáakhditahF«.

1. M i l a h š c l « i g _ o ¡ b f h © L ï i w t i d

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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å©th®¤ij ngRjš, bghŒ ngRjš, ïiuªJ áǤjš. ãwiu¤ J‹òW¤jš; ÉisahLjš.

RthÄ¡F«, gÈÕl¤â‰FÄilna tz§Fjš. mãnõf fhy¤âY«, Ãntjd fhy¤âY« tz§Fjš, ty« tUjš.

12. âUÉs¡F miza¡ f©L« ö©lhâU¤jš.

13. fhk v©z§bfhŸsš.

14. f«gË Mil mÂjš.

15. ïiwtD¡F Ãntâahjij c©Qjš; jh«óy« jǤjš, òif¤jš.

16. É¡»uf¤ij¤ bjhLjš.

17. öã, Jt#Þj«g«, bfho ku«, gÈÕl«, ïlg«, É¡»uf« KjÈat‰¿‹ ÃHiy Äâ¤jš.

18. c‰rt« bfh©lUS«nghJ m›Él¤ijÉ£L cŸns nghŒ tz§Fjš.

19. t Ê g L n t h ® ¡ F ï i l ô W b f h L ¡ F « t i f Æ š elªJ bfhŸsš v‹gd âU¡nfhÆÈš brŒa¤ jfhjitfshF«.

eh« átid tÊgL« irt®fŸ v‹gij kuzgÇa¡j« ÃidÉš it¤J¡ bfhŸsnt©L«. irt®fS¡nf "K¤â¥ngW" v‹gJ©L v‹W TWtJ irtá¤jhªj«. ãw rka§fËny K¤â »ilahJ. v¢rka¤âduhÆD« <‰¿š irtrka« rh®ªnj cÆ®fŸ K¤âaila nt©L« v‹gnj Ãaâ Kiwik; ïjid vtuhY« kh‰WtjÇJ. kh‰wKoahjbjh‹W K¤â; eh« átid tÊgL« irt®fŸ. v§fŸ KGKj‰ flîŸ át‹. ntjÉâKiwia e«ghj mitâf be¿Æd® bghŒT¿ ka§»¤âÇt®. ïisP®fns! v§fŸ KGKj‰flîŸ át‹, Éehaf®, R¥ãukÂa®, tÆut®, åug¤âu®, cika«ik át_®¤j§fŸ. átDila ïªj _®¤j§fS« irt rka¤jt®fË‹ tÊgh£o‰FÇaitna. átidí« át_®¤j§ffisínk e« tÊgL bjŒt§fshf¡ bfhŸsKoí«. átid k£L« jh‹ tÊglnt©oa ÃiyÆYŸs eh« át_®¤j§fËY« átid¡ fhQ« Kiwikahny mt‰iwí« tÊglKoí«. cyf¢ irtrkÆfns! cyf¢ irt ïisP®fns! eh« òǪJ bfhŸs nt©oabjh‹WŸsJ. mjhtJ, irtD¡F v‹W xU thœÉaY©L. irtD¡bf‹bwhU g©ghL©L. irtD¡bf‹bwhU nfhyK©L. gh®¤j gh®itÆny xUt‹ irtdh? mšydh? v‹W f©L bfhŸsKoí«. mªjsî¡F¢ irt« mt‹ thœÉaYl‹ ã‹Å¥ãizªJ »l¡»‹wJ. irtrka¤jtÅ‹ thœÉaYl‹ r«gªj¥g£l všyh¡ fUk§fS« irtrka thœîl‹ bjhl®òilaitjh‹. ït‰iw xG§fhf¡ fil¥ão¤J k©Âš ešy t©z« thœnthkhf!

tz§Fjš. mjdhš _‹W ãw¥ãš Cikahfî«, ã‹ VG ãw¥ò¡fËš jǤâudhfî« thœgt‹ vd üšfŸ TW»‹wd.

MrhuÄšyhJ elkhLjš; Éóâ k‰W« ãurhj§fis ÑnH áªJjš. xnuKiw ãufhu¤âš ty« tUjš. v¢áš cÄœjš; kyry« fʤjš. äâiu brŒjš, fhšfis Ú£o¡bfh©oU¤jš. kÆ® nfhâ Kojš; NjhLjš. ghju£ir ï£L¡bfhŸSjš.

gšJiw ɤjf® ehty®

ãur§»ahuhf, f©ld vG¤jhsuhf, J©L¥ãuRu (áWüš) vG¤jhsuhf, ghlüš vG¤jhsuhf, ÃâíjÉ¡F murh§f¤âl« É©z¥ã¥nghdhf, rf kÅj®fË‹ J‹g§fis Ú¡Fgtuhf, r_f - rka - muáaš - bghUshjhu Ó®âU¤jthâahf ehty® bgUkh‹ M‰¿a gÂfŸ ms¥gÇad. (e‹¿ : ïªJ rhjd« - 30.11.2001)

ehty® bgUkh‹ thœªj thœî bgUthœî. Câa« bgwhj MáÇauhf, ghlrhiyfË‹ ÃWîduhf, îth»ahf, m¢áaªâu Tl§fË‹ brhªj¡fhuuhf, üš btËp£lhsuhf, Éah¡»ahd« brŒgtuhf, gâ¥ghsuh, bkhÊbga®¥ghsuhf, fÉPuhf, »il¤j‰fÇa Xiy¢Rtofis¤ njo¢ nrfǤjtuhf, ng¢rhsuhf, ïªJ xË

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Service of ACHC and CYWHA are indeed commendable Speech delivered by Mrs. Jeeva Perumalpillai Essex (Chief Guest) at the opening of Yarl Angadi at Saraswathy Hall on 31st October 2015

A

Very Good Morning tothe Honorable President of the Ceylon Hindu Congress, President of the Young Women’s Hindu Association, Ladies and Gentleman.

What we lack are entrepreneurs and innovators who can exploit the resources for economic benefit and especially increasing employment and improving livelihood.

Thank you for inviting me on this special occasion of the opening of the Jaffna Bazaar or YarlAngadi where both the sponsoring organizations are celebrating importantmilestones ie. the 60th anniversary of the All Ceylon Hindu Congress and the 50th anniversary of the Colombo Young Women's Hindu Association. Both organizations have been very successful in being able to raise funds for key activities that address vulnerability and those in need, throughout the country– for providing assistance to those affected by natural disasters and the war to providing homes for elders and orphans. This is indeed commendable.

In the short time living in Jaffna, I find the women in the North extremely hardworking, involved in many activities.

With help in marketing theywill be able to improve their livelihoods in leaps and bounds.

The bazaar is a great concept for promoting products of the North. There are about 60, 000 female- headed households in the five districts of Northern Province. The reasons for the large number of female headed households relate directly to the war - deaths, disabled spouse, husband in detention, missing , migration etc. Additionally, there are issues of separation, drug and alcohol dependent spouses.

Many of the women are members of community based organizations (CBOs). Many of them are already engaged in a number of vocations: tailoring, small shops, food /spice processing, farming and livestock, greeting cards, leather bags etc. . I have interacted with them. They main problem is that they do not have access to markets, they do not know what the market wants, they do not know what “quality” and packaging attracts demand for their products.

Many of you may not know me, so a little introduction. I have lived most of my life overseas and have now taken early retirement from July 2015 from the World Bank to assist in the development of Sri Lanka ,and Northern Province, in particular.

My late parents –father from Thambasetty- the first Sri Lankan Veterinarian and mother a teacher from Kokuvil– one of the first women in Jaffna to have obtained a degree from the University of London by correspondence, have imbibed in us the need to come back and invest in our country. The current situation has given us the opportunity. For example, in the past Two years my elder brother Dr. Ravi Pillai, has established a cardiac unit at the North Central Hospital in Jaffna and this has provided a great opportunity for the people in the North. Something that was in the distant past and considered impossible.This is not a one-off activity, similar initiatives have been taken bythe diaspora- broadly defined as those living out the Province. I would urge the diaspora to continue and contribute their knowledge and expertise to strengthen the community. There is so much to do!

I hope some of you will give us ideas and feedback on the products sold here from Jaffna that can attract suitable markets both here in Colombo and for export. If you can let us know suitable retailers/wholesalers who are willing to buy these products –we can endeavor help to train the producers to ensure quality and standards. Ideally getting contracts (maybe 5 years or more) there will be a viable business model for the producers / groups to borrow money and invest in materials and equipment to meet demand. I believe in getting the groups to invest their own resources and train them so as to improve their livelihood , as the saying goes : “ teach people to fish rather than giving them the fish” .

I am now committed to invest my knowledge and assist in developing the Northern Province. As an economist and having worked in international financial institution for the past 35 years it is time to give something in return to my native soil.

I note that this bazaar is called YarlAngadi- Given that most of the Northern Province produce similar products it would be beneficial to get the Vanni area to be more involved, they were most affected by the recent war.

I would like to see the Northern Province contribute to national GDP –from 3.6% in 2014( Based on report of the Central Bank) to atleast 10% ( commensurate with the area ratio with the rest of the country , over the next five years.

The Northern Province contributes the least to national GDP amongst the 9 provinces. But there is tremendous potential – we have adequate natural resources- good agriculture, fisheries and livestock and ample opportunity for tourism.

ïªJ xË

I hope to reach out to many of you to help me understand and to let me know what is the best way forward – your knowledge and experience is invaluable.

I wish the organisers the very best and a very successful fund raising event.

Thank you very much.

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Important fasts to be observed I

t is our duty to think of God who has given us much benefits, and praise and worship him. Those beings who have no sixth sense cannot do so. For the human beings with sixth sense it is an essential duty. However due to the fast changing world it may not be possible. At least on certain days people can do so. Those days are the fasting days.

9. Santhapana krichanam

One day urine of cow, one day cow dung, one day milk, one day water in which holy grass (thatpai) is soaked and one day the food could be taken.

10. Maha santhapana krichanam

Observe any one of the above mentioned.

11. Santhrayanam

During waxing moon one handful of food is increased and during waning moon reduce food by one handful daily and bathe three times a day.

12. Vala santhrayanam

During this santhrayanam take four handfuls of food at night only.

To prevent the mind from going astray, even by giving up the meals or reducing the amount of food and by thought word and deed one should worship God sincerely. This is fasting says the Tamil scholar Arumuganavalar.

Fasting is done to redeem the soul. Fasting is one of the seven meritorious deeds mentioned by the elders. By observing fasts, the mind and thought would be pure. And this will lead to achieving good wisdom (Gnana spiritual wisdom)

Chithirai (April) The full moon in April It is not only the first full moon after the Tamil New year but it is also the day when Chithra gupthar (one who keeps the record of the dead for Yaman God of death) took an Avathar ( incarnation). On this day those who lost their mother fast in honour of their mother so that their soul will rest in peace.

On that day avoid salt and abstain from taking cow milk or curd. This will lessen the ill effects of sins committed.

The fasts and the rules of observing them Vratham or fasting means to control the five senses. That means the mind must concentrate without straying. This can be done by giving up food or reducing amount of food, and by keeping the body mind and soul pure. In this way one can worship God sincerely.

Chithirai Thiruvonam

During fasting days, the one who observes fast should not chew betel, smoke, sleep during day time, involve in carnal pleasures. If one does so one is subject to punishment for committing such sins for which there is no atonement.

Among all the Abisekams done to Lord Nadarajah the one done after the birth of the new year in April which falls on Thiruvonam it is an important day for prayers to Lord Nadarajah.

Fasting will enhance one’s life and lead up to gain benefits.

There are many kinds of fast that deal with taking meals:1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Vaikasi (May) Vaikasi Visaakam

Yasitham Eating twice a day Pathakrichanam Eating good food Pannakrichanam Soak the tender leaves of athiri, bo-tree or vilvam and eat.

Saumiakrichanam Any one of the following milk, butter milk, water, and roasted flour can be taken.

Athikarichanam For three days eat only one handful of rice or go without it.

Krichana krichanam drink only milk for twenty one days.

Prasapathiya krichanam Be without food for three days, for three days eat only in the morning, for three days eat in the evenings and for three days there will be a pause.

Parka krichanam Be without food for twelve days.

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Not only is it the day when the evil asuras (Evil demi gods) were vanquished to protect the devas and dharma established on earth but also it is the day God Muruka’s incarnation in the pond called Saravanapoihai took place. So it is a day most suited for worship of God Muruka.

Aani (June) Aani Utharam That was the day when our Lord Nadarajah performed His cosmic dance at Thillai (Chithambaram.) By this dance our Lord Nadarajah performs the five functions (Panchakrithiyam) of creation, protection, distraction, enfolding and bestowing grace. This is a special day to have a dharshan (view) of Lord Nadarajah.

Aadi (July) Aadi Chevai (Tuesday in the Thamil month of Aadi – July This day is special for a tharsan of Goddess Ambal. If unmarried girls fast on this day they will be blessed with a 30

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up and poojah performed for nine days and Goddess Thevi is worshipped. The fasting for the nine days is for Her. The eighth day during this time is called Maha addami, and the ninth day or navami is known as maha navami. So this fasting is called maha nonpu (great fasting) or of mahar nonpu and observed. This fast is specially done by the devotees of Thevi.

During these nine days of fasting the first three days devotees fast beseeching Goddess Thurka to give them courage, as she is the Goddess of courage. The next three days, they fast entreating Goddess Luxmi to grant them wealth, and the last three days they fast requesting Goddess Saraswathy to grant them knowledge through learning. Those who observe this fast on the day after full moon called prathamai, apply oil on their heads and bathe (oil bath). During the first eight days they have only one meal a day. On the ninth day known as maha navami they do not take solid food at all. This is an excellent act. On these days they should sing Abirami Anthathi and Sahalakala maalai composed by Kumarakuruparar.

married life. Those who are under the adverse effect of the planet mars (Chevai) and others should start the fast with a resolution. It is excellent to do so. This fast could be observed by taking rice or milk and fruit just once.

Aadi amavasai ( the new moon in the month of Aadi) This is the good day to perform the rites to the forefathers.

Those who have lost their father should fast on this day and spend the day in prayer and in giving alms for their souls to rest in peace.

Aadi pooram Pooram is a particular star constellation. It seems it is on this day Goddess Umathevi attained age (when she took an avathar on earth). This day iis best to have a tharsan of her and observe a fast. The day is more suitable to acquire Ambaal’s eight kinds of bliss (success).

Aavani (August)

The poojah methods for the nine days

Aavani Sathurthi (fourth day of the waxing moon) This day is the day God Vinayagar took an avathar. Hence this is the best day to worship God Vinayagar.

The fast on Vinayaga Sathurthi Every month the fourth day of the waxing moon is Vinayaga Sathurthi. It is most opportune to observe this fast.

This fast gives more benefits than the other fasts say religious texts. On that day it is not good to see the crescent moon.

During the day one must fast and after worshipping at the temple eat some sweet meats like kolukaddai, and mothakam after offering these to God Vinayaga. Those who observe this fast do poojah to God Vinayaga using arukam pul (grass). This will give them endless benefits. Those who observe this fast and worship God Vinayaga with sincerity will receive the grace of God Vinayaga. The fourth day of the waning moon is called Sankadahara sathurthi and on this day too devotees fast.

Raga

Offering

Fruit

Flower

Leaf

One

Thodi

Milk rice & gram

Banana

Jasmine

Vilvam

Two

Kalyani

Tamarind rice

Mango

Mullai

Basil (Thulasi)

Three Kambothi

Sweet rice with jaggery

Jak

Sampanki

Maru

Four

Mixed rice & chips

Guava

Jaathi Malli

Kathir pachchai

Curd rice

Pomegranate

Pavala Malli

Viputhi pachchai

Bairavi

Five Panthuvarali

Aavani Sathurthasi This is one of the days when an abishekam is done for Lord Nadarajah and it is a good day for a tharsan of Lord Nadarajah.

Neelampari

Coconut rice

Seven

Pilahari

Lime rice

Dates

Payasam & murukku

Grapes

Rose

Paneer leaf

Curdled milk

Naaval (Black berry)

Lotus

Maruko lunthu

Nine

To save one of His ardent devotees saint Manikavasakar, who was put in prison for failing to purchase some horses for the Pandiya King, God Shiva adopted a tactic. The saint used the money given by the state, to feed some Shiva devotees and was imprisoned. God Shiva converted some foxes in the forest into horses and bailed him out. On this day the star galaxy of Moolam was overhead. Hence this is observed as a day when God Shiva carried a basket of soil in exchange for a meal of pittu.

Vasantha

lemon sp Semparathi

Sandalwood leaf

Six

Eight Punnahavarali

Aavani Moolam

Screwpine Thumpai

Purataathi sani (Saturdays in the Thamil month of Purataathi – September) Generally Saturdays are set a aside for worship of Lord Saturn. Yet the fast on Saturdays in the month of Purataathi are of special significance. This gives great benefits to the devotee. On this day Black gingelly seeds are wrapped in black cloth and kept in a clay lamp (Chutty vilakku) filled with gingelly oil and lit. The devotees take this lamp round the shrine of Saturn and worship him .

Aavani Gnayiru (the Sunday in the month of Aavani – August)

Ketharagowry Viratham (Fast)

The Sundays of the month of Aavani are observed as days of fasting for the sun and the worship of the sun. At this time the sun enters Leo and so the Sundays are of importance.

This fast starts during the waning moon in the thamil month of purataathi on the eight day (Addami after the new moon) or ninth day (navami after the new moon) or tenth day (thasami after the new moon). Such days are referred as “Thithi”. It ends on the fourteenth day after full moon (Sathurthasi “thithi”) of the waning moon. The fast lasts for twenty one days it is a great fast. Goddess Umathevy meditated

Purataathi (September) Fasting for Nine nights In the thamil month of Purataathi from the first day of the waxing moon to the end of the ninth day Kumbam is set

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Day

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on God Shiva and performed Shiva poojah. As a result she achieved the status of Arthanareeswarar (Umathevy became the left half of God Shiva by fasting.) Hence it is known as Ketharagowry viratham. Married women observe this fast to remain married and young girls observe this fast so that they could be blessed with a good married life. Men also observe this fast to lead of a life of auspiciousness. From the beginning of the fast the devotees keep forming a knot on a twine having twenty one threads and on the last day get the priest to tie on their wrist. For men it is tied on the right wrist and for the women on the left wrist.

On the said day that is ‘pirathamai’, from the third eye of God Shiva six sparks emerged and fell into the pond called ‘saravana poihai’. They took six forms. When Goddes Uma took them together, they fused into one form with six faces and twelve hands. It happened on this Kantha Sashti day. It is on this day that God Muruga vanquished an Asura called Soorapathman. In the Kantha puraanam this is given in detail.

The devas observed this fast and reaped much benefits, it is told.

Kaarthikai (November) Kaarthikai Vilakeedu (Substitute with a lighted lamp)

Mahalayam

Once upon a time, the devas worshipped God Shiva and did penance and were given many boons. Later they became egoistic and ignored God Shiva. One day God Shiva came to their place disguised as an old man and planting a fiber and ask them to pull it out. None of them could do it. They became humble and looked in awe at the old man. Then God Shiva appeared as a pillar of light. That day of the month of Kaarthikai also happened to be the Kaarthikai star galaxy too and it also full moon day. This is celebrated as Kaarthikai Vilakeedu.

The mahalaya padcham (side) ends on the new moon in the thamil month of Purataathi (September). This is observed fifteen days before the new moon. This is done in memory of the forefathers and alms are given. Those who cannot give alms every month for the sake of their forefathers can do so at this time and earn the merit of giving alms for twelve months.

This is called mahalayam. This is the day when the forefathers come to earth. The fourteenth day of waning moon in Purataathi is called Poorvapakka sathurthasi. Out of the six abishekams done for Lord Nadarajah, the abishekam done on this day is supposed to be a day of great significance.

Vinayaga Satti Viratham This fast is observed the day after the Kaarthikai star galaxy and goes on for twenty one days. On the last day the star galaxy and the Satti ‘thithi’ are together. This is of great importance as it is one of the best days among all the fasts for God Vinayaga. It is on this day God Vinayaga vanquished the Asura called Gajamuka. Tying the twine round the wrist (Kaapu) is an important event. At that time relate verses of Vinayagar Ahaval and Vinayaga puranam.

Purataathi poorvapakka Sathurthasi (the fourteenth day “thithi” of the waxing moon in the Thamil month of Purataathi) Out of the six abishekams done for Lord Nadarajah, the abeshekam done during this period is also one. This day is excellent to have a tharsan of Lord Nadarajah.

Aipasi – October Fridays fast

Kaarthikai Viratham

“Sukkiravaram” means Friday. The Friday fasting is done on each Friday in the Thamil month of Aipasi. From the first Friday this fast is observed for God Subramaniam. On this day to observe Upavaasam (no meals for the day) is very good.

Those who cannot do so may take in fruits in the night. If they are not able to do even this they may take a mid day meal.

This fast should be observed for at least three years. When the fast ends a santhi kiriyai must be done. This kiriyai is called ‘uthiyapanam’. It is said this is done to achieve merit. The last Friday is the best day for ‘uthiyapanam’. Besides this day is also dedicated to Goddess Ambihai and God Vinayaga.

In the Thamil month of Kaarthikai monthly,during the Karthikai star galaxy, fasting is done, praying to God Muruga.

This is known as Kaarthikai Viratham. It is also known as kiruthikai. The day before this is ‘Parani’. On that day in the customary way take one meal only and the next day that is Kaarthikai worship God Muruga in the proper way, and observe ‘Upavaasam’ and the next day on the ‘Rohini’ star day it is best to have a meal early in the morning. Those who are not able to do so may take fruits in the night. In this way the fast is observed for twelve years. Arichandran, Anthimaan, and Santhimaan did so and earned much merit and achieved much success in life says history. (Anthimaan and Santhimaan are the liberal donors of the middle ages)

Kantha Sashti Viratham

Somavaaram

The day after pirathamai the first ‘thithi’ after new moon, the six days following are observed as Kantha Sashti. Every day after the bath worship God Muruga and take only some water and observe ‘upavaasam’ for six days. On the seventh day join the Shiva devotees and have a meal. Those who cannot do so during the first five days may take a meal a day and on the last day observe ‘upavaasam’. This fast should be continuously observed for six years.

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Among the fasts observed for God Shiva Somavaara Viratham is the very best. Monday is the day for the moon.

Hence Monday is known as Somavaaram as soon as the ‘Kirutha yugam’ was born the moon got the chance of being placed in God Shiva’s crown. This also happened on Somavaaram. That is why the Mondays of the Thamil month of Kaarthikai are important. On Mondays, fast throughout the day and pray to God and have a meal in the night.

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remain still and inactive. At that time there would be peace.

At this dark hour only Shiva stays alone. What is seen daily is night for all beings. This state of the world is for Shiva only.

That is why it is called Shivaraathri. Then again for the world to regain its original position, God Shiva appears in the form of a pillar of lght and produces Shakthi as Ilalitha thevi and she worships Shiva as ‘Lingotpavar’ and creates Brahma to start the function of creation. This is denoted by the night of the Thamil month of Maasi in the ‘Sathurthasi thithi’ and the Linga poojah throughout the night. For those who are devoted to God Shiva this is the best fast.

Maarkazhi (December) Thiruvempaavai The month of December is the best among all months.

Sri Krishna said this in Geethopathesam. Besides for the devas it is early morning. Hence thinking of God Shiva devotees sing Thirupalli Eluchchi and Thiruvempaavai, which is most suitable for December. During the Thamil month of Maarkazhi (December), the nine days before the star galaxy Thiruvaathirai, are festival days of Thiruvempaavai. On Thiruvaathirai, this ends. Thiruvempaavai is dedicated to God Shiva only. Besides the festivals in Maarkazhi denote God’s functions of bestowing grace and therefore it is best of all festivals. The abishekam for Lord Nadarajah and the Aaruthra tharsan are essential for redeeming the souls.

The method of observing the fast Sivarathri Viratham should be observed by Saivites. In the Thamil month of Maasi (February) on the ‘thithi’ called Sathurthasi of waning moon fasting for God Shiva is called Shivaraathri Viratham.

Thiruvaathirai Viratham (fast) The day in December when the Thiruvaathirai star galaxy is overhead, devotees fast. This is much liked by God Shiva because of this God Shiva is referred to as head of Aarthirai or Aathiraiyan. In Maarkazhi on Thiruvaathirai day special treatment of God Shiva is done. Among this, the one done at Chithamparam is the best. To fast at Chithamparam is great. Many devotees go there for the Aaruthra tharsan. It is most important to fast on

While going without food (Upavaasam) the whole night one must remain awake and worship God Shiva. It is best to do the Poojah four times of the nights called ‘naangu saamam’ (6 p.m. to 9 p.m to 12 p.m and finally at 3 a.m.) At least at one of these times one must perform poojah which is average. During the first Saamam (6 p.m.) with milk the second Saamam with curd during the third Saamam with ghee and during the last Saamam with honey abishekam is done for God Shiva. At all the times pooja is performed with Vilvam leaves. It will give great benefits for the devotees. At this time the poojah must be done for God Vinayagar and Sandesvarar. Those who cannot do Shiva poojah could have a tharshan of the temple during the four Saamams and recite Shivapuranam and chant Panchchadchara prayer, and spend the night listening to these holy songs. Those who cannot fast the whole day may take in water or milk. Those who cannot keep up the whole night may keep awake till 2 a.m. which is called Lingotpava time. This will give great benefit.

This time is about the will of God. Those who observe fast the whole day, must get up the next day and cook and eat along with Shiva devotees. They should not sleep during the day. The effect of this fast is to be absolved from all sins and for the world to do well.

this day. A book in Sanskrit called ‘Sankara sangithai’ gives the glory of this fast. The book is translated by Koneriappa Mudaliyar, student of Kachchiyappa Sivachchariyar.

Thai (January) Thaippoosam Along with the full moon in the Thamil month of Thai comes the star galaxy called Poosam. It is the best day for worship of God Muruga. On this day many carry milk pots on their heads called ‘paat kaavadi’.

Thai Amavaasai (New moon) It is on this day saint ‘Abirami pattar’ prays and pleads with Goddess Ambikai to make it a full moon day. By the grace of Goddess Ambikai a full moon was seen. Devotees sing ‘Abirami Anthaathi’ on this day.

The kinds of Shivaraathri

Maasi (February)

1. Maha Shivaraathri 2. Yoga Shivaraathiri 3. Nithiya Shivaraathiri 4. Maatha Sivaraathiri 5. Padcha Sivaraathiri The rules of observing Shivaraathri Viratham and the poojah during the four Saamams. Then one saamam is a period of three overs.

Maha Sivarathri Generally rathri means dark night. But the real dark time was when God Almighty made the whole world shrink. This is called ‘Sarva sankaara kaalam’ or ‘Pralaya kaalam’ (deluge) or ‘Ulimudivu’ end of the world, are some of the terms said about this. As at night everything is silent and still and so do the five elements,thanu(the body) karanam, puvana, pokankal Saamam

Flower

Leaf

Fruit

Incense

Vethas to be related

First

Lotus & Oleander

Vilvam

Vilvam

Benzoin

Irukku Vetham

Second

Magnolia & Lotus

Basil & Vilvam

Jak

Sandalwood

Yasur Vetham

Third

Water Lilly, Aththi & Pichchai

Mul Kiluvai, Vilvam & Aruku

Pomegranate

a gum resin called Kunkuliyam

Saama Vetham

Fourth

Nanthiyavartham

Wood apple leaf

all types

camphor

Atharva Vetham

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Pirathosa Viratham

avoided. The effect of this Prathosa Viratha tharsan will help to remove debts, poverty, illness, fear and sins.

During the waxing moon and waning moon the thirteenth ‘thithi’ is called prathosa kaalam. This occurs on the ‘Thirayothasi thithi’ about one and a half hours before sunset and later one and a half hours (4.30 p.m. – 6 p.m.) is the prathosa kaalam.

At this time too the fast is observed meditating on God Shiva.

This fast can be started during the Pirathosam on a Saturday in any of the months of October, November, April and May. And avoiding the meal during the day bathe before the said hour perform the Shiva poojah and have a tharsan of the Shiva Temple. And after the Prathosa time is over have a meal with Shiva devotees. During the Prathosa time go round the Shiva Temples and worship Nandi and Sandesvarar. All the holy waters in the world reach Nandi thevar during Prathosa time say the Puranaas. At this time having a tharsan of Shiva through the space between the horns of Nandi is excellent say the books on religion. Offering of Kaaparisi is said to be excellent and this can be taken as the food for the Viratham too.

The method of doing Somasoothra Prathad chanam During the Prathosa time from 4.30 p.m. to 6 p.m. the way to go round the temple and praying method is called Somasoothra Prathadchana Murai. At first worship God Shiva and Nandi and turn left and worship Sandesvarar and come round and worship God Shiva and Nandi and then again Sandesvarar and come back and worship God Shiva and Nandi.

This should be done three times. This is the method of doing Somasoothra Prathadchanam.

Maasi Maham The Thamil month of Maasi (February) on the star galaxy of Maham is a day when there is an abishekam for lord Nadarajah. This abishekam is one of the six abishekams done for God Shiva. Hence it is a great day for the tharshan of God Shiva. It was on this day that Goddess Ambihai took an, Avathaar on a lotus, as Thadchayani.

Pankuni (March) Pankuni Utharam (Kalyana sunthara viratham)

God takes the form of holy waters (theertham) and redeems the souls and bestows grace upon them. Such holy waters at Prathosa time with the help of Nandi theva will reach Nandi theva and through him devotees have a tharsan of God Shiva. They bathe in those holy waters. In doing so their sins are washed away and they become cleansed. What is done in many places in various times and receive the benefits of bathing in the sacred waters can be achieved in one place and at one time and for all devotees to mentally perform act of bathing in the sacred waters, by the help of Nandi theva is a proof of God’s great mercy. If such a fast is observed according to the said rules it will enhance their life. The act of going round the temple during Prathosa time is called Somasoothra Prathadchanam. During Prathosa time part taking of meals, sleeping, smearing oil, bathing and reading books should be

Umaiyal, the universal mother, took an Avathaar as the daughter of Malai Arasan and married God Shiva on this day.

This day is special to have a festival and to have a tharsan.

During this fast take fruit and payasam in the night. Those who cannot do so could have a meal during the day.

Pankuni Thinkal (the Monday in the Thamil month of Pankuni – March).

This day is special for the worship of Goddess Ambiha.

(This is a chapter from the Compendium for Hindus published by All Ceylon Hindu Congress)

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mLj;J “khj;jis rpe;jhf;fl;b Fkukiy mUs;kpF Fkug;ngUkhd; Myak;” vDk; fl;Liu thapyhf ,t; Myaj;jpd; ,aw;ifahd miktplr; rpwg;G> tuyhw; W g; ngUik> G+irKiwfs; > mtw; W ld; ,ize; j jhf Myaj; j pdhy; r%fj; j pw; F Mw; W k; gzpfs; Nghd;wtw;iw R. Gz;zparPyd; mtu;fs; rpwg;gpj;J vOjpapUe;jhu;. mLj;j fl;Liuahf “Fkukiy jpUf;Fkud; ekf;F tskhd tho;tspf;fj; Njhd;wp tpl;lhu;” vDk; jiyg;gpd; Clhf KUfg; ngUkhdpd; rpwg;Gf;fisAk;> mw;Gjq;fisAk; jpU. j. kNdhfud; mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;L vOjpapUe;jhu;. mLj;J khj;jis Kj;Jkhupak;kd; Mya epu;thf rigapdupd; tho;j;J kly; ,lk;ngw;wJld; mjd; njhlu;r;rpahf mUs;kpF = Kj;Jkhupak;kd; Njt];jhd tuyhw;wpid fyhG+\ zk; khj;jis uh[;rpth mtu;fs; vOjpapUe;jhu;. mjid njhlu;eJ ; “khj;jis khtl;l jpUj;jyq;fs;” vDk; jiyg;gpd; thapyhf khj;jis khtl;lj;jpd; tuyhw; W f; fijfspd; %yk; jpUj; j yq; f spd; rpwg;gpid ,yf;fpar; nrk;ky; khj;jis ng.tbNtyd; mtu;fs; tiue;jpUe;jhu;. mjpy; KUfg;ngUkhdpd; rpwg;Gf;fSk;> jpUg;Gfopd; tpsf;fTiufSk; tphpthff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jd. mLj;J nja;tj; jpUkfs; jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b mtu;fspd; “MWKfg; ngUkhd;” vDk; jiyg;gpd; thapyhf KUfg;ngUkhdpd; MWKfq;fspd; tpsf;fq;fis gy;NtWgl;l tpjq;fspy; Ma;T nra;J vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. mLj;j fl;Liuahf “MWKfk; mofhdtd; KUfDf;F moF Kfk; MW” vd jpUkjp N`kh rz;Kf ru;kh mtu;fspdhy; vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjd; njhlu;rr ; pahf “fe;jGuhzk; czh;jJ ; k; tho;tpay; tpOkpaq;fs;”, “KUftopghL” vDk; Fwpg;Gf;fspd; thapyhf KUfg;ngUkhdpd; jpUttjhug; ngUikfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jd. “r\;bapy; kh mWj;j rq;fud; gps;is” vDk; jiyg; g pd; Clhf fyhG+\zk; ,uhN[]; t up n[fhde;jFU mtu;fshy; fe;jr\;b tpujj;jpd; tpsf;f cz;ikfs; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;bUe;jd. mj;Jld; Xu; Ma;Tld; $bajhf “<oj;jpw; fe;jGuhz fyhrhuk;” vDk; fl;Liuapid fyhepjp ,. ghyRe;juk; mtu;fs; njhFj;J vOjpapUe;jhu;. mjidj; njhlu;e;J “KUf topghl;Lj; Njhw;wKk; rpwg;Gf;fSk;” jpU. fp. Gz;zpa%u;j;jp mtu;fspd; fl;Liuapd; Clhf ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. mLj;jjhf “fhu;j;jpif tpsf;fPLk; topghLk;” vDk; jiyg;gpd; thapyhf fyhepjp ghyifyhrehjru;kh mtu;fshy; jpUf;fhu;j;jpif tpujk; gw;wpa tpguq;fs; Ma;T nra;ag;gl;L vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,tw;wpid myq;fupf;Fk; nghUl;L ,ilapilNa KUfg; ngUkhdpd; topghl;Lr; rpwg;GfSk;> ,e;J rka tpohf;fSk;> tpujq;fSf;Fkhd ehl;fhl;bAk; mikag; ngw; w pUe; j d. mjd; njhlu; r ; r pahf “cs; s j; i j ïªJ xË

xspg;gLj;Jk; jpUehs; jPghtsp” vDk; jiyg;gpy; jpUkjp. ehr;rpahu; nry;tehafk; mtu;fspd; fl;Liu mikag; ngw;wpUe;jJ. mjidaLj; J tpGyhde; j u; gf; f j; i j mkuh; ,uh. kapy;thfdk; mtu;fs; ftpijapd; thapyhf tpGyhde;jhpd; mtjhuk;> tpj;ijapw; rpwe;j tpGyhde;jh; rhjpj;j rhy;Gfs; Nghd;w cgjiyg;Gf;fs; %ykhf Fwpg;gpl;L myq;fupj;jpUe;jhu;. mjidaLj;J Nahfh; Rthkpfs; gf;fj;jpd; Clhf Rthkpfspd; tho;tpay; fUj;Jr;rpwg;Gf;fs; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjd; njhlu;r;rpahf “kNyrpah gj;Jkiy gFjpapy; cs;s KUfd; Nfhtpypd; tplaq;fSk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,jd; njhlu;r;rpahf ehtyu; gf;fj;jpid fsk; Nru;f;Fk; nghUl;L “ehtyu; Xu; rPu;jpUj;jthjp” vDk; jiyg;gpd; Clhf ,yf;fpa fyhepjp. f. rptuhkypq;fk;gps;is mtu;fspd; Mf;fk; mike; j pUe; j J. mj; J ld; “Marriage Rites” vDk; jiyg;gpy; Mq;fpyj;jpyhd fl;LiuahdJ jpUkzk; njhlh;gpyhd gy tpsf;fq;fis njspTgLj;Jtjhf mike;jpUe;jJ. mj;Jld; ,e;Jxsp (jPgk; 19 Rlu; 07) ,d; ey; i yf; fe; j d; kNfhw; r t rpwg; g pjopd; xU ghu;itia irttpj;jfu; Nah.fN[e;jpuh mth;fshy; Nehf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjidaLj;J mLj;j fl;Liuahd “irt rhjdq;fspy; xd;whf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; jpUePW” vDk; jiyg;gpy; ,uh.[Ptd; gpurhd; mtu;fshy; tpG+jpapd; Nkd;ikia czh;jJ ; k; tifapy; vOjg;gl;l fl;Liu mike;jpUe;jJ. ,tw;wpid NkYk; rpwg;Gr; Nrh;f;Fk; nghUl;L fe; j Guhzk; nrhy; Y k; KUf mtjhuk; > KUfd; Gfo; g hLk; Ehy; f s; > KUf topghl; b d; jj; J t rpe;jidfs;> KUfdpd; gil tPLfs;> njhz;lkhdhW nry;tr; re;epjp Mya jpUg;gzpfs; Nghd;witAk; fhzg;gl;bUe;jd. mj;Jld; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; mDjhgk; mikag; ngw;wpUe;jJ. ,t; mDjhgj;jpd; thapyhf mkuh; rptNrhjp ty;ypGuk; mtu;fspd; thOk; fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhz;l gzpfisf; RUf;fkhff;$wp khkd; w j; j pd; mDjhgKk; njuptpf; f g; g l; b Ue; j J. mtw;Wld; ,ize;jjhf khkd;wj;jpd; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl; L epow; g lq; f Sk; ,e; J xspapd; gpd; G w ml;ilapid myq;fupj;jpUe;jd. ,t;thW gy;NtW Md;kPf tplaq;fis cs;slf;fp r%fj; j py; rpwe; j Njhh; mwpthh; e ; j jiyKiwia cUthf;Fk;; Nehf;Fld; nraw;gLk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; rQ;rpiff; FOtpdh; ,d;Dk; gy fhyj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Md;kPfk;, mwnewp rhh;e;j tplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ,r; rQ;rpifia nkU$l;b vd;Wk; epiyngwr; nra;J ,t; itafj;ij tsg;gLj;j vy;yhk; ty;y ,iwtid gpuhh;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.

35

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Rfd;ah vd;gtupd; rj;jpurpfpr;irf;fhd KOr;nrytpy; 50% khfpa 65>000 &ghTk;> mf;fiug;gw;iwr; Nru;ej; nry;tp. ghf;fpauh[h yNrhjh vd;gtUf;F ,uj;jkhw;Wr; rpfpr;irf;fhf 50>000 &gh toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

ahœ. tÈfhk« ey‹òÇ Ãiya§fËš j§»ÆU¡F« k¡fS¡F Ãthuz cjÉfŸ mWgjhtJ M©L ÃiwîfhQ« m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹wK«, I«gjhtJ M©L Ãiwî fhQ« bfhG«ò kfË® ïªJ k‹wK« ïizªJ ïªJ ɤâahÉU¤â¢ r§f¤â‹ mDruizíl‹ flªj m¡nlhg® 31 M« âfâa‹W, bfhG«ò g«gy¥ã£o ruÞtâ k©lg¤âš ahœ m§fho x‹iw V‰ghL brŒJ el¤âÆUªjJ. åunfrÇ, bk£nuh ÃôÞ g¤âÇiffŸ ïj‰F Clhf mDruiz tH§»ÆUªjd. ïªÃfœÉ‹nghJ cyf t§»Æ‹ XŒî Ãiy MnyhrfU«, ahœ k© jªj òfœbg‰w bghUshjhu ÃòzUkhd âUkâ éthãŸis vÞb[¡Þ ãujk ÉUªâduhf¡ fyªJ bfh©lh®. ahœ¥ghz¤J czî tiffŸ, c‰g¤â¥ bghU£fŸ k‰W« òilit, Mil tiffŸ v‹gd ahœ m§fhoÆš fh£á¥gL¤j¥g£L, ɉgid brŒa¥g£ld. m§fho ÃfœÉš »il¡f¥ bg‰w %gh VG ïy£r¤J¡F« mâfkhd ÃâÆÈUªJ ahœ tÈfhk« ey‹òÇ Ãiya§fËš j§»ÆU¡F« ïl«bga®ªj k¡fS¡F cy® czî¥bghU£fŸ tH§f¥ g£ld. flªj et«g® 5 M« âfâa‹W khk‹w cg jiytU« ahœ. ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya bfsut ïa¡FeUkhd brŠbrh‰bršt® fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ mt®fËdhš bjšÈ¥giH gyneh¡F¡ T£Lwî¢ r§f¤â}lhf ïl« bga®ªnjh® r§f¤ jiyt® âU. V. Fzghyá§f«, brayhs® âU. v«. ehnfªâuÓy‹ M»nah® K‹ÅiyÆš cy® czî¥bghU£fŸ tH§F«Ãfœî ïl«bg‰wJ. nkY« ï§F j§»ÆU¥gt®fS¡F ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ mWgJ M©L Ãiwitbah£o 60 nt£ofS«, bfhG«ò kfË® ïªJ k‹w¤â‹ I«gJ M©L Ãiwitbah£o 50 nriyfS« k‰W« ï§FŸs áWãŸisfŸ, ïisP®fS¡F ÔghtËia K‹Å£L òâa cL¥ò¡fS« tH§f¥g£ld. ïªJ xË

m‹gË¥ò¡fŸ fhyp khtl;lj;jpYs;s ehf;fpahnjdpa ru];tjp jkpo; tpjj; pahyaj;jpwn; fd fUq;fy;ypyhd gpsi ; sahu; rpiy &. 32>000.00f; F khkd; w j; j pdhy; nfhs; t dT nra;ag;gl;L toq;fg;gl;lJ. nghydWit md;id = rhujhNjtp mwnewpg; ghlrhiy khzth; f Sf; F fiy epfo; r ; r pfs; elhj;Jtjw;F vd &gh 22>000{¡ f;F khkd;wj;jpdhy; jhsthj;jpa cgfuzq;fs; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;L toq;fg;gl;lJ.

ÃâíjÉfŸ khk‹w¤â‹ m§f¤Jt r§fkhd Myao nt«ò ïªJ khk‹w¤â‹ f£ll Kjyh« khoia îkhÂ¥gj‰fhf %gh 14 ïy£r« ÃâíjÉ tH§F«go k‹w« ÉL¤j nt©Lnfhis, khk‹w Kfhik¥ nguit V‰W¡bfh©LŸsJ. ïj‹go Kj‰f£lkhf %. 500,000/- tH§f¥g£LŸsJ. mj‹ K‹nd‰w m¿¡ifia¥ gÇÓȤj ã‹ ïu©lh« f£lkhf % 500,000/- c«, ïj‹ã‹ _‹wh« f£lkhf ÄFâ¥gzK« tH§fyhbkdî« khk‹w Kfhik¥ nguit Ô®khŤJŸsJ. flªj m¡nlhg® khj« eilbg‰w jiyk‹dh® $K¤JkhÇ m«k‹ njtÞjhd¤â‹ kfh F«ghãnõf Ãfœî¡fhf khk‹w« 100, 000 %ghití«, kh¤jis áªjhf£o Fkukiy KUf¥ bgUkh‹ Mya¤â‰F f©lhk bg‰W¡ bfhŸtj‰F 400,000 %ghití«, m¡nlhg® khj¤âš eilbg‰w ehty¥ã£o ïªJ k‹w¤â‹ ïªJ rka vG¢á ÉHhî¡fhf 50.000 %ghití« khk‹w« e‹bfhilahf tH§»ÆU¡»wJ. 36

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mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w mDruizAld; eilngw;w ehtyg;gpl;b ,e;J kd;wj;jpd; vOr;rp tpoh - 24.10.2015

ãujk ÉUªâduhf¡ fyªJbfh©l khk‹w¤ jiyt® âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ ciu

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åååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååå

List of people Converted to Hinduism from other religions åååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååååå

I always says that, why Hinduism is a great religions. Some

•

famous people, who converted to Hinduism.

• • • •

From Christianity •

• • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • •

Chantal Boulanger - French anthropologist who wrote wide in Tamil culture.

Claudia Ciesla - German model, actress and singer embraced Hinduism and believes in Karma Job Charnock - British trade agent who has been controversially described as the founder of Calcutta. llan Chester - Venecuelan singer, keyboardist, arranger and composer.

Alice Coltrane - Illuminations( raised Baptist but became a follower of Satrya Sai Baba) - American jazz pianist, organist, harpist and composer.

Michael Cremo - American creationist, author and editor Bhagavan Dast - (Born Kermit Michael Riggs) - Western Yogi and former born again Christian Roy Eugene Davis - American Kriya Yoga teacher Krishna Dharma - British author and convert to Gaudiya Vaishnavism under ISKON David Frawley - author on Hinduism, Yoga and Ayurveda Elizabeth Gilbert - author of Eat Pray Love George Harrison - popular Musician, best known as a member of THE BEATLES who died chanting the Hare Krishna Mahamantra in the company of monks from ISKON. He is also known for donating Bhaktivedanta Manor, a Hindu temple to the Hare Krishna community in Britain.

Lawrence Raghavendra - Tamil and Telugu choreographer, film actor, director, composer and Philanthropist.

Christopher Isherwood - Anglo-American novelist Jomol - Malayali Actress Lizy - (born Aliyamma Malayalam of Elizabeth adopted the name Lakshmi) Malayalam Actress Swami Kriyananda - (born J. Donald Walters) direct disciple of the yogi Paramahansa Yogananda Timothy Leary - Harvard professor and American writer and psychologist Satsvarupa Dasa Goswami - one of the eleven senior American selected to become an initiating guru in ISKON Savitri Devi Mukherji - (born Maximiani Portas) French woman who became enamored with Hinduism and Nazism, trying to synthesise Hinduismwith Nazi philosophy and racial ideology.

Sister Nivedita - (born Margaret Elizabeth Noble) Anglo Irish social worker, author and teacher Leelawathy Ramanathan - Australia born, Hindu writer and activist, Converted upon marrying Ponnambalam Ramanathan John Levy - British philosopher who translated books on Advaita Vedanta

ïªJ xË

• • • • •

Annie - (Actress) and(born Annie Jobbie adopted the name Chitra) Malayalam Actress Joseph Ritson - English antiquarian and traveler Julia Roberts - American Actress Han Snel - Dutch painter of Bali Satyananda Stokes - Famous English farmer in Himachal Pradesh Bhakti Tirtha Swami - (Born John E. Favors) American Hindu leader and disciple of Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.

Romapada Swami - Preacher of ISKON Kenneth R.. Valpey - Gaudiya Vaishnava Theology who studied at Oxford University, St. Cross College Shaunaka Rishi Das - (born Timothy Kiernan) Director of the Oxford Center for Hindu Studies Nayantara - (born Diana Mariam Kurian) South Indian Actress, model

From Islam • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • • 40

Bukka I - king of Vijayanagara Empire who converted to Islam, then reconverted.

Nargis - noted Bollywood actress, politician and social workers. Mother of actor Sanjay Dutt. She converted to Hinduism and took the name of Nirmala Dutton on her marriage to actore Sunil Dutt Annapurna Devi - (born Roshanara Khan) surbahar player and music teacher in the North Indian classical tradition.

Harilal Mohandas Gandhi - son of Mahatma Gandhi.

Upon converting to islam he adopted the name Abdullah Gandhi, but later again reverted back to Hinduism.

Asha Gawlik - (Born Ayesha) wife of Arundel Gawlik, notorious gangster turned politician from Mumbai.

Harihara I - King of Vijayanagara Empire who converted to Islam, then reconverted.

Aashish Khan - (born Ustad Aashish Khan Debsharma) Indian musician Hassan Palakkode - Malyali writer on Islam Netaji Palkar - Maratha noble and commander-in-chief of the army of Shivaji, 19 June 1676 Sarmad - 17th century mystical poet and sufi saint, arrived from Persia to India, beheaded from assumed heresy by the Mughal emperor, Aurungzebe’s. Sarmad renounced judaism, briefly converting to Islam and then Hinduism.

He later denounced all religion and rejected belief in God. Anwar Shaikh - British Author Ifa Sudewi - Chief Judge for the 2002 bombing trails.

Khusbhoo Sundar - Tamil movie actress. She converted to Hinduism upon Marriage.

Haridas Thakura - Prominent Vaishnavite saint, instrumental in the early appearance and spread of Hare Krishana Movement.

Zubeida - Hindi film actress, on whose life story the film

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

•

• •

•

Zubediaa was based. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.

Nalini Patel - Page( Born Nayyara Mirza) Miss India Finalist of 1967, was the first Muslim to participate in the pageant. She converted to Hinduism after marriage. She is settled in teh USA. Sonam - (Born Bakhtawar Murad) wife of Bollywood directore Rajiv Rai. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.

Fatima Ghadially - Wife of ajith agarkar

• •

• •

From Judaism • •

Ram Dass - (Born Richard Alpert) syncretist, and followers of the Hindu deity Hanuman, Professor of phychology at Harvard University Tamal Krishna Goswami - (born Thomas G. Herzig) governing body commissioner of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness.

• • • •

From Buddhism • • • • •

Mihirakula - Huna ruler Rajasinghe II - Sri Lankan king who conquered Kandy Rishabhadata - Satrap viceroy Rudradaman I - Starap ruler and conqueror of the Satavahanas Vasudeva I - Kushan King and numismatist

• • •

From Jainism • • •

•

Mahendravarma I - Pallava King and patron of the arts Visnuvardhana - King of Hoysala empire and prominent temple builder Tirunavakkarsar - Saivite saint and one of the most prominent of the sixty three Nayanars

• • •

Others • • • • •

• •

Charairongba - Manupuri ruler Heliodorus - Greek minister of King Bhagabhadra Pamheiba - Manipuri King Suhungmung - Ahom Kingdom ruler who extended Assam up to the Kamarupa Kingdom Annie Besent - (former atheist) Theosophist, orator and feminist

•

John dobson - (former athiest who become a believer in Vedanata) astronomer and Telescope designer Sita Ram Goel - (former atheist) Indian Commentator, writer and Hindu activist Agehananda Bharti - (born Leopold Fischer) academic Sanskrit, a prolific author about religious subjects and a Hindu monk in the Dasanami Sannyasi order Alain Danielou - (Converted to Shaivism) French historian, intellectual, musicologist and Indologist Ambarish Das - Page( born Alffred Ford) American Businessman, great grandson of Henry Ford, and follower of Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the foundre of ISKON) Urmila Devi Dasi - (born Edith E. Best) female ISKON educator Geoffrey Guiliano - American Biographer Nina Hagen - Follower of Haidakhan babaji, German Singer Aldous Huxley - disciple of Swami Prabhavananda, English writer who emigrated to the United States, author of Brave New World Joe Don Looney - Follower of Swami Muktananda, Football Player J. Mascis - lead Vocalist, guitarist and drummer for Dinosaur Jr. John McLaughlin - become a disciple of Sri Chinmoy, Jazz fusion guitar player Lex Hixon - Suncretist and disciple of Swami Nikhilananda, poet, Philosopher, spritiual practitioner and teacher Mathias Rusty - German Daredevil Pilot J. D. Salinger - American author best known for The Batcher in the Rye Kelli Williams - American Actress who played Lindsay Dole Donnel on the ABC legal Drama the Practice.

Ricky Williams - Miami Dolphins football player Crispian Mills - English rock singer named Krishna Kantha Dasa. He wrote a forward to book by Bhaktivinoda Thakur titled Sri Siksastaka.

Jeffrey Armstrong - Canadian Author, Speaker, Poet.

Source: Global Hinduism www.globalhinduism.blogspot.com

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,e;j ehl;bYs;s gjpdhd;F rpiwr;rhiyfspy; 217 jkpo; murpaw; ifjpfs; gy Mz;Lfshf rpiw itf;fg;gl;Ls;sik ePjpf;Fk; epahaj;jpw;Fk; Kuzhfj; njhlu;tij me;jf; ifjpfspd; cwtpdu;fs; gyu; kPz;Lk; khkd;wj;jpd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;Lte;Js;sdu;. jPghtspf;F Kd; ,tu;fs; tpLjiy nra;ag; glNtz;Lk; vd [dhjpgjpf;Fk; murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; khkd;wk; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jpUe;jJ. cz;zhtpujk; ,Ue;j ifjpfSf;F mtu;fspd; gpur;ridf;F 07.11.2015f;F Kd; jPu;T fhzg;gLk; vd [dhjpgjp je;j cWjp nkhopiaj; njhlu;e;J me;j cz;zhtpujk; epWj;jg;gl;lJ. vdpDk; jw;NghJ 09.11.2015 md;W 32 ifjpfs; kl;Lk; gpizapy; tpLtpf;fg;gLthu;fnsd muR mwptpj;Js;sik ifjpfspilNa ,f;fl;lhd epiyiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ. vdNt ifjpfs; ahtUk; epge;jidapd;wp tpLtpf;fg;gl;L; jPghtspf;F Kd; jq;fs; FLk;gq;fSld; ,iza toptFf;f Ntz;Lk. ,y;yhtpbd;; mf;ifjpfs; kPz;Lk; cz;zhtpujj;ij Muk;gpf;f ,Ug;gjhf mwpfpNwhk;. ,jid ,e;ehl;L ,e;J kf;fspd; rhu;gpy; [dhjpgjp> gpujku; kw;Wk; mikr;ru;fs;> vjpu;f;fl;rpj; jiytu; cl;gl rfy murpaw; jiytu;fSf;Fk; gfpuq;fkhf njuptpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,ij kdpjhgpkhd Kiwapy; ey;yhl;rpapd; cz;ikahd epiyiag; gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; jhkjkpd;wp nray;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j murpaw; ifjpfSf;F cld; tpNkhrdk; fpl;l muR cWjpnkhop toq;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; tpeakhf khkd;wk; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j ifjpfSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l cWjp nkhop kPwg;gl;L mtu;fs; cz;zhtpujj;ij kPz;Lk; Muk;gpj;jhy; ,e;j ehl;L ,e;J kf;fSk; mtu;fSf;F MjuT ju Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jk; Vw;glyhk;. mj;Jld; 10.11.2015 md;W ,e;j ehl;L ,e;J kf;fs; jPghtspiaf; nfhz;lhLk; epiyapy; ,Uf;f khl;lhu;fs; vd;gijj; njuptpg;gJld; vkJ rNfhju rNfhjupfs; fz;zPUk; fk;giyAkhf ,Uf;f tpl;Ltpl;L murhq;fNkh> murhq;fj;ijr; Nru;e;j vtUNkh jPghtspia nfhz;lhl ve;j eltbf;ifAk; vLg;gijapl;L ,e;ehl;L ,e;J kf;fs; ve;jtpj jpUg;jpAk; milakhl;lhu;fs;. khwhf ,d;Dk; Ntjidailtu; vd;gijAk; muR ve;jtpj nfhz;lhl;lNkh fspahl;l epfo;Nth Vw;ghL nra;jhy; Ra nfsutKila ve;j ,e;J kfDk; mjpy; fye;J nfhs;skhl;lhd; vd;gijAk; ,e;Jkf;fs; rhu;gpy; nrhy;yp itf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;. ïªJ xË

Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fSf;F tpiutpy; epthuzk; toq;Fk;gb khkd;wk; Nfhupf;if kiyaf Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fs; jkJ ehshe;jr; rk;gsj;ij 1000.00 &ghthff; $l;b toq;Fk;gb fhyj;jpw;Ff;fhyk; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;Jk; fk;gdpfNsh murhq;fNkh mjidg; guprPyid nra;tjhfj; njupatpy;iy. murpay; jiytu;fSk; cWjpnkhopfis toq;Ffpd;whu;fNs jtpu eilKiwapy; vitAk; rhj;jpakhftpy;iy. njhopyhsu;fsJ gzpg; gfp\;fupg;Ngh cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lq;fNsh vitAk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. ,tu;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikNahu; ,e;Jkjj;ijr; rhu;e;jtu;fshf ,Ug;gjhy; ,J njhlu;ghf khkd;wj;jpd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L te;;Js;sdu;. ,e;ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpd; KJnfYk;ghf tpsq;Fk; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fs; ,d;dKk; tWikf; Nfhl;bd;;fPo; thOk; Ju;g;ghf;fpa epiyapYs;sdu;.

Gjpa murhtJ mtu;fspd; f];l epiyia czu;e;J mtu;fSf;F epthuzk; toq;Fnkd vjpu; ghu;j;jdu;. vdpDk; ,Jtiu mtu;fsJ Nfhupf;if epiwNtw;wg;gl tpy;iy ,k;kf;fspd; epahakhd Nfhupf;ifia rfyUk; Mjupf;f Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; Fwpg;ghf murpay; jiytu;fs; jkJ Mjuitf; nfhLj;J mtu;fSf;F epahakhd rk;gs cau;it toq;f eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;LnkdTk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; tw;GWj;jpf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpwJ.

murpaw; ifjpfSf;F khkd;wk; rl;l cjtp gy Mz;Lfshfr; rpiwapy;thLk; murpaw; ifjpfSf;F Nghjpa rl;l cjtp fpilg;gjpy;iynadTk; ntspehl;bypUe;J epjp cjtp mDg;gg;gLtjhfr; nrhy;yg;gl;lhYk; mJ cupa Kiwapy; murpaw; ifjpfSf;F epthuzk; fpilf;Fk; 42

k‹kj tUl« fh®¤âif

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- Xiyr;Rtb 43

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