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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL Muk;g epfo;T - 31.07.2015

g+ir topghLfs; eilngWfpd;wd

khkd;w aho; gzpkidapypUe;J ey;Y}h; = Jh;ff; hNjtp kzp kz;lgj;jpwF ; Ch;tykhf mioj;J tug;gLk; fhl;rp

epfo;tpd;NghJ Nkilapy; gpuKfh;fs;

khkd;w mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; kdpjNeakhkzp jpU. tp. fapyhrgps;is jk;gjpapdh; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wp itf;fpwhh;fs;

Nkilapy; ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhr;rhhpa Rthkpfs;> jUkGu MjPdFU Kjy;th; =kj; nksdFkhuRthkpj; jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs;> khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld;> tlkhfhz Kjy;th; rj;jpatpjj; fh; f. tp. tpfN ; d];tud;> rpt= jhD kfhNjtf; FUf;fs;> rpt= rjh. kfhypq ; f; rptf; FUf;fs;> khkd;w mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; kdpjNeakhkzp jpU tp. fapyhrgpsi ; s. ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

c átka«

Ôg« - 19

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Rl® - 07

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ¤ â§fŸ 23 M« ehŸ (09.09.2015)

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gŠr òuhz§fŸ

ey;Y}h; fe;jd; FNguthry; ,uh[NfhGuk;.

âU¢á‰w«gy«

njthu«

rhpj;jpug; gpurpj;jpngw;w ey;Y}h; fe;jd; Nfhapypd; tlf; F tP j papy; eph; k hzpf; f g; g l; l Rkhh; 108 mb caukhd FNgu thry; ,uh[NfhGuj;jpw;F ,k;khjk; 4Mk; jpfjp nts; s pf; f poikad; W fhiy kfh Fk;ghgpN\fk; eilngw;Ws;sJ. 2012Mk; Mz;L mbf;fy; ehl;lg;gl;L %d;W Mz;Lfspy; fl;bKbf;fg;gl;l ,e; j ,uh[NfhGuk; ,g; N ghJ kpfTk; fk; g P u khff; fhl; r paspf; f pwJ. aho; Flhehl; b d; muhypiar; Nrh;e;j <oj;Jr; rpw;gf; fiyQhpd; iftz;zj;jpy; ,f;NfhGuk; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jid ,e;jpa rpw;gf; fiyQh;fs; cUthf;fpapUf;fyhk; vd gyh; fUJfpwhh;fs;. cz;ikapNyNa tajpy; Fiwe;j <oj;J rpw;gf; fiyQh;jhd; NfhGuj;ij cUthf;fpapUf;fpwhh;. ,Nj fiyQh; j hd; 2011 Mk; Mz; b y; ey; Y }h; fe;jd; njw;F thry; ,uh[NfhGuj;ijAk; mw;Gjkhf tbtikj;J gyuJ ghuhl;ilAk; ngw;wth;. ey; Y }h; fe; j g; ngUkhdpd; ,UngUk; ,uh[ NfhGuq;fSk; xUrpy Mz;LfSf;Fs; cUthf;fg; gl;lik mw;Gjkhd epfo;ntdyhk;. FNgu thry; ,uh[NfhGuk; vd;gJ Mya tPjpapd; tljpirapy; miktjhFk;. vl;Lj;jpf;F ghyfh;fspy; xUtdhd FNgud; tljpirf; F chpatd; . eP z ; l fhyk; jtk; nra;J rptngUkhdplk; cah;ej; tuq;fisg; ngw;wtd;. jpirf; f htydhfTk; > epjpfSf; F mjpgjpahfTk; ngUk;NgW ngw;wtd;. tw;whj nry;tj;Jf;F mjpgjpahd FNguid mbg;gilahf itj;Nj FNguthry; NfhGuk; tljpirapy; mikg;gJ tof;fk;. ,e;jpahtpd; gy ,lq;fspy; FNguthry; NfhGuk; tp[aefug; NguuR fhyj; j py; epWtg; g l; l J. <oj; j py; Kjd; K jyhf FNguthry; NfhGuk; ey; Y hh; fe; j g; ngUkhdpd; re;epjhdj;jpy;jhd; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. FNguidj; nja; t khf topgLk; kuG irt rkaj;jth;fsplk; kl;Lkd;wp> Vida kjj;jth;fsplKk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. it\;zth;fs; yl;Rkp FNgud; vd ehkk; R+l;b tzq;Fth;. ,e;jpahtp;y; yl;Rkp FNgud; vd jdpf;Nfhapy;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. tlehl;lth;fs; FNguid cj;juFU vd miog;gJz;L. fjhAjk;

kq;ifah;f; furp tsth;Nfhd; ghit thptisf; ifk;kl khdp gq;far; nry;tp ghz;bkh Njtp gzpnra;J ehnlhWk; gutg; nghq;fo YUtd; g+jeh afd;ehy; NtjKk; nghUs;fSk; mUsp mq;faw; fz;zp jd;ndhL kkh;e;j Myth ahtJ kpJNt! !

âUthrf«

g+RtJk; ntz;zPW g+z;gJTk; nghq;futk; NgRtJk; jpUthahy; kiwNghYq; fhNzB g+RtJk; NgRtJk; g+z;gJTq; nfhz;nld;id <rdtd; vt;Taph;f;Fk; ,ay;ghdhd; rhoNyh!

âUÉir¥gh gdpgL kjpak; gapy;nfhOe; jd;d gy;ytk; ty;ypnad;W ,q;qd; tpidgL fdfk; Nghyah itAkha; tPq;FyF xoptw epiwe;J JdpgL fytp kiykfs; cldha;j; Jhq;fpUs; eLey;ah kj;njd; kddpil mZfp EZfpAs; fye;Njhd; kUtplk; jpUtpil kUNj!

âU¥gšyh©L kd;Df jpy;iy tsh;fek; gf;jh;fs; tQ;rfh; Ngha fyg; nghd;dpd;nra; kz;lgj; Js;Ns GFe;J Gtdp nay;yhk; tpsq;f md;deil klths; cik Nfhd; mbNah Kf;fUs; Ghpe;J gpd;idg; gpwtp aWf;f newpje;jgpj; jw;Fg; gy;yhz;L $WJNk!

âU¥òuhz«

Mo;f jPaJ vd;W Xjpw;W may;newp tPo;f vd;wJ NtW vy;yhk; mud;ngah; R+o;f vd;wJ njhy; caph; ahitAk; thop mQ;nrOj;J Xjp tsh;fNt! ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

FNguDila MAjkhFk;. FNgud; etepjpfspd; mjpgjpahfTk; tpsq;Ffpwhd;. rq;fepjp> gJkepjp cl;gl etepjpfs; xd;gJ NgUf;Fk; ,tNd jiytd;. ,uhtzDf;F Kd; rptg+kpahfpa ,yq;fhGhpia rptgf; j dhd FNguNd rfy rpwg; G f; f Sld; Ml;rpGhpe;jhd; vd Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. Gj;j kjj;jth;fs; FNguDf;F it\;tzh vd ehkk; R+l;b topgl;L tUfpd;wdh;. FNgu ae;jpuk;> FNgu ahfk; vd epjpNtz;b g+[pf;Fk; kuGk; cz;L. jpUg;gjp Nfhapy; VOkiyahDf;F FNgud; fld; nfhLj; j hd; vd; W xU IjP f k; cz; L . jpUg; g jp Nfhapypd; tlf;F tPjpapy; FNgu fhzpf;if vd;w ngahpy; cz; b ay; itf; f g; g l; b Ug; g Jld; me; j cz;baypy; epjp ,Lgth;fs; rfy nry;tq;fSk; ngWth; vd;w IjPfk; ,d;W tiuAk; cz;L. FNgu topghL njd;fpof;F Mrpa ehLfs; KOtjpYk; gutpapUe; J s; s J. [g; g hdpah; f spilNa FNgu topghL cz;L. Fw;wk; nra;gth;fisj; jz;bf;Fk; nja; t khf FNguidf; fUJfpd; w hh; f s; . ghsp nkhopapy; FNguf; flTs; gw;wpa gy fijfs; cz;L. ghsp nkhopapy; FNguid Nt\; r gzd; vd miog;gjhf mwpQh;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. irt kugpy; rptdpd; NguUs; ngw;w FNgudpd; jpirahff; fUjg;gLk; tljpf;F vy;iyapy; ,e;j ,uh[NfhGuk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sik GJikNa. etjsq;fisf; nfhz;l ,f;NfhGuj;jpy; etthry;fs; ,U kUq; f pYk; FNgu rpw; g k; kl; L k; cUt mikg;gpy; nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kpf tpj;jpahrkhd mikg;gpy; NfhGuk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. epjpf;F mjpgjpahf ,Uf; F k; FNguf; flTs; tlGyj; J kf;fis thoitf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; ,e;j ,uh[NfhGuk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ey;Y}h; fe;jg; ngUkhd; fdit edthf;Fk; nja;tk;. ahhplKk; ,ue;J Nfl;fhkNy Myaj;jpd; jpUg;gzpfs; epiwNtwptUtJk; tof;fk;. ey;Y}h; jpUf;Nfhapiy KUfg;ngUkhd; jpUtUshy; Mw;Wg;gLj;Jfpd;w mwq;fhtyh; =khd; Ff= Fkhujh]; khg;ghz Kjypahh; mth;fSk;> mtuJ Vf Gjy;th; Ff= rad; khg;ghz Kjypahh; mth;fSk;> mikjpahf> mw;Gjkhf Mw;wptUk; jpUg;gzpia mbahh;fs; tpae; J Nghw; W fpwhh; f s; . mitf; F Kd; t uhJ> mbahh; f Ss; mbahuhf epd; W mwq; f htyh; f s; rhjpj;JtUk; nraw;ghLfs; nja;tj; jpUtUNs!

thœ¤J Ja;aNjhh; kiwfshYk; Jjpj;jplw; fhpa nrt;Nts; nra;aNg ubfs; tho;f NrtYk; kapYk; tho;f nta;aR+h; khh;G fPz;l Nty;gil tho;f ngha;apy; rPubah; tho;f! tho;ftpg; Gtdnky;yhk;!

ïªJ xË m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya¤â‹ btËpL

ešiy¡ fªj‹ knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ (09. 09 .2015)

MáÇa® FG : âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹ fyhÃâ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh âU. j. kndhfu‹ âU. m. fdfNÇa® xU ãuâÆ‹¬ Éiy %gh 50.00 tUlhªj¢ rªjh (cŸehL) %gh 300.00

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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

mUŸ klš ey;Y}h; KUfDf;F th\pq;ldpYk; Njh;j;jpUtpoh Fk;ghgpN\fk; eilngw;wJ. ,e;j Fk;ghgpN\fj;jpw;F FUNjth; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa RthkpfSld; nrd;W fye;J nfhs;Sk; tha;g;G mbNaDf;F fpilj;jJ. <oj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU rpj;jpuj;Njh; nra;ag;gl;L mnkhpf;fhtpw;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;L xt;nthU tUlKk; Mtzp khjk; ey;Y}h; - fjph;fhk KUfd; Njh;jj ; pUtpoh vd;w ngahpy; jpUtpohTk; tpkhpirahf eilngw;W tUfpwJ. ,e;jr; rpj;jpuj; NjhpNy ey;Y}hpy; tho;e;j Qhdpfshfpa Njubr; rpj;jh; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs;> Nahfh; Rthkpfs;> filapw; Rthkpfs; Nghd;wth;fspd; cUtq;fSk; rpw;gq;fshf nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j ,ujj;jpNy KUfd; gtdptUtJ fz;nfhs;shf; fhl;rpahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j Myaj;jpNy mWgj;J%d;W ehad; k hh; f spd; jpUTUtq; f Sk; gpujp\; i l nra;ag;gl;L ,Ug;gJ xU jdpj;JtkhFk;. <oj;J khKdpth; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; Mrpngw;w Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfspd; MrpAlDk; kw;Wk; jpUKUf fpUghde; j thhpahh; > Rthkp rr; r pjhde; j h Nghd; w kfhd; f spd; MrpAlDk; mnkhpf;fh tho; irtj;jkpo; mbath;fshy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ,e;j Myak; ,d;W mnkhpf;f jiyefhpy; xU jdpj; J tkhd Myakhfj; jpfo;fpwJ. tUle;NjhWk; Mtzp khjk; <oj;J irth;fs; ey;Y}Uf;F ahj;jpiu tUtJ Nghy; tl mnkhpf;fh vq;Fk; gue;J thOk; <oj;J irtkf;fs; th\pq;lDf;F te;J ey;Y}h; KUfd; NjNuwp tUtij fz;L tzq;FtNjhL> fhtb vLj;Jk;> md;djhdq;fs; nra;Jk; jkJ topghLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. th\pq; l idAk; mjid mz; b a efuq; f spYk; thOk; irt ,isQh;fs; me;j Myaj;Jf;F te;J rpukjhdg;gzp nra;tijf; fz;L g+hpg;gile;Njd;. mq;Fs;s ,isa jiyKiwapdUf;F irtrkaj;ij Nghjpf;Fk; xU ghf;fpaj;ijAk; ey;Y}h; KUfd; mbNaDf;F mUspAs;shh;. KUfg; ngUkhdpd; fpUigahy; mnkhpf; f j; jiyefhpy; xU Gjpa irtj;jkpo; jiyKiwapdh; cUthFtijapl;L kdg;g+hpg;gilfpd;Nwd;. KUfdpd; fUizNa fUiz!

jkpo;f; flTshk; KUfg; ngUkhdpd; jiyaha

<oj;Jj; jpUj;jyk; ey;Y}h; Nfhapy;. gy;yhapuk; Mz;L goiktha;e;j ,j;jpUj;jyk; gy rpj;jh;fs;> Qhdpah; tho;e;j Gz;zpa g+kpahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. Mtzp khjk; te;J tpl;lhy; ey;Y}h;j; jpUtpoh <oj;J irtkf;fSf;F xU ngUtpohthfNt mikfpwJ. <oj;jpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; ,Ue;J mbath;fs; ey;Y}h;j; jpUtpohf; fhyq;fspy; ahj;jpiu nra;J vk;ngUkhdpd; ey;yUisg; ngWfpd;whh;fs;. Fwpg;ghf ey;Yhh;j; Njh;j;jpUtpoh <oj;J irtkf;fSf;F xU Kf;fpa jpdkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. <oj;jpy; ey;Y }h; j ; jpUtpoh rpwg; g hf miktJ Nghd;W> mnkhpf;fhtpd; jiyefuhd th\pq;ldpYk; ey;Y}h; KUfd; tUlh tUlk; Njhpy; gtdp tUtJ gyUf;Fk; tpag;ghf ,Uf;fyhk;. aho;g;ghz Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; Mrp ngw;W `tha; khepyj;jpy; xU irt MjPdj;ijAk; rpthyaj;ijAk; epWtpdhh; FUNjth; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; . ,e; j `tha; irt MjPdj;Jf;F ey;Y}iug; gpwg;gplkhff; nfhz;L mnkhpf;fhtpy; thOk; jpU. jpUkjp rutzgtd; jk;gjpfs; 1982 Mk; Mz;L ahj;jpiu nra;jhh;fs;. mth; f s; FUNjthplk; jhKk; rpy mbath;fSkhfr; Nrh;e;J th\pq; l dpy; xU ,e; J f; N fhapiy mikg;gjw;F Kaw;rpg;gjhfTk;> mjw;F gy jilfs; Vw; g l; b Ug; g jhfTk; njhptpj; j hh; f s; . mth; f spd; tpUg; g j; i j nrtpkLj;j FUNjth; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs;> mth; f splk; fUq; f y; y pyhyhd xU tpehafh; tpf;fpufj;ijf; nfhLj;J> tpehafiu Kd; itj;J mnkhpf;fh jiyefuhd th\pq;ld; efhpy; xU KUfd; Nfhapiyf; fl;LkhW mUspdhh;. rutzgtd; jk; g jpfs; jq; f sJ tP l ; b y; me; j tpehafu; tpf; f pufj; i j itj; J topghLfisr; nra; J te;jhh;fs;. mq;Fs;s mbath;fSk; te;J ,e;j topghLfspy; fye;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,e;j mbath; $l;lk; tsh;r;rp mile;J tl mnkhpf;f KUfd; Nfhapy; jpUg;gzpr; rigahf khwpaJ. ,e; j pa rpw; g hrhhpahh; f spd; iftz;zj;jpy; xU ghhpa Myak; th\pq;ld; efhpy; mikf;fg;gl;L 1999 Mk; Mz;L KUfDf;F kfh ïªJ xË

ÇÎ bjh©Lehj‹ (th\pq;ld; KUfd; Myaj;jpd; ey;Y}h; Njh;jj ; pUtpoh glq;fis ,e;j ,jopd; gpd; ml;il cs;Ns fhzyhk;.) 3

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

,e;J kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia tsk;gLj;Jtjpy; njhlh;e;Jk; khkd;wj;jpd; gazk; mikaNtz;Lk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; mWgjhtJ Mz;L epiwitnahl;b aho;g;ghzj;jpy; elhj;jpa ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL Muk;gehs; (31.07.2015) epfo;tpd;NghJ gpujk tpUe;jpduhff; fye;Jnfhz;l tlkhfhz Kjyikr;rh; rj;jpatpj;jfh; f. tp. tpf;fpNd];tud; mth;fs; epfo;j;jpa ciu.

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;

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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

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jyq;fSk; ,ju tplaq;fSQ; rk;ge;jg;gl;L ,Ue;jij ntspf; f hl; b gy ntspaP L fisg; gpuRupj; j J. mtw;Ws; xd;iwj;jhd; mtu; tPl;by; Nky;thupahfg; ghu;f;f Neu;e;jJ. Kg;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,lq;fs; milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;L ,uhkhazf; fhyj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gLj;jp me;E}y; ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jijf; fz; N ld; . ,uhkhazk; $Wk; ,yq; f hGup vkJ jw;Nghija ,yq;ifNah vd;gjpy; gy fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,Ug;gij ehdwpNtd;. ,uhkhazk; ntWk; fw;gidf; fijah? my;yJ cz;ikapy; ele; j njhd; w h? vdf; Nfs; t p $l Nfl; f g; g l; L tUtij ehd; mwpNtd;. Mdhy; ehd; $wtUtJ NtW. kfhtk;rj;jpy; mjd; Mrpupau; ngsj;jj;ij tsu;f;f xU fw;gidf; fijiar; nrhy;yg;Ngha; mf; f ijiaNa mbg; g ilahf itj; J ,d; W ngUk;ghd;ik r%fj;jpdu; rupj;jpuj;jpw;F xt;thj fUj; J f; f isg; gug; g p tUfpd; w du; . kfhtk; r k; cz;ikapy; ele;Njwpa rk;gtq;fspd; gjpNt vd;w tpjj;jpy; fUj;Jf;fis ntspapl;L tUfpd;wdu;. mg;gbahapd; ,uhkhazk; rk;ge;jkhd Muha;T vkf;F vg;Ngu;g;gl;l KbTfisj; juty;yJ vd;w Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghu;f;FkhW kjpg;gpw;Fupa vkJ rupj;jpu Mrpupau;fisf; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. kf;fs; kdjpNy Nt&d;wpapUf;Fk; rpy Mo;e;j kjuPjpahd vz;zq;fis ehq;fs; khw;w KbahJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F Gj;ju; ngUkhd; mtu; fhyj;jpy; %d;W Kiw ,yq;if te;jhu; vd;gJk; gy gpzf;Ffisj; jPu;j;J itj;Jr; nrd;whu; vd;gJk; vkJ ngsj;j kf;fs; ek;Gk; tplaq;fs;. Gj;j kjk; ,yq;iff;F tu Kd;dNu Gj;ju; ,q;F te;jhu; vd;nwy;yhk; fijfs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. Gj;jkjk; ,yq;iff;F tuhj fhyj;jpNyNa ,q;F te;jtu; nfsjk Gj;ju; jhd; vd;W vt;thW kf;fs; milahsk; fz;ldu; vd;gJ Nghd;w Nfs;tpfis vtUk; vOg;gpAs;sjhfj; njupatpy; i y. Gj; j u; fhyj; j py; Gj; j gfthd; ,yq;if te;jpUe;jhy; mtupd; Gj;j kjk; kfpe;j NjNuhtpdhy; gpd;ida fhyj;jpy; ,yq;iff;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ vd;W $WtJ nghUj;jkw;wjhf mikAk;. Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glKbahj ,g;Ngu;g;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; gy rpq;fs kf;fspilNa ,d;W epytp tUfpd;wd. mij vtUk; khw;w KbahJ. Mdhy; cz;ikia> cs;s rhd;Wfspd; mbg;gilapy;> ru;t Njr epGzu;fs; thapyhf Cuwpaj; njupa itj; j hy; fhyf; fpukj; j py; mt; T z; i kia kf;fs; Vw;f Ntz;b tUk;. fl;Lf;fijfSf;Fk; fUj;Js;s tuyhw;Wf; fijfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ,ilntspiag; nghJkf;fs; fhyf;fpukj;jpy; Gupe;J nfhs;s tha;g;gpUf;fpd;wJ. mz; i kapy; ehq; f s; ,dg; g Lnfhiygw; w pa gpNuuizia epiwNtw;wpaNghJ ~~tpf;Nd];tudh ,g;Ngu;g;gl;l JNt\k; epiwe;j xU gpNuuizia epiwNtw;wpdhd;?|| vd;W vdJ rpq;fs ez;gu;fs; %f;fpd; Nky; tpuiy itj;jhu;fs;. ~~rl;l uPjpahf ,dg;gLnfhiyia ,tu;fshy; ep&gpf;f KbahNj? mJTk; 67 tUlfhyj;ij Kd;itj;J ,g;gpNuuiz nfhz;L tug;gl;Ls;sJ. ahiuf; Fw;wQ; rhl;Lfpwhu; ,tu; ? || ve; j murhq; f j; i jf; Fwpg; g pLfpd; w hu; ? vd; n wy; y hk; Nfs; t pfs; vOg; g pdhu; f s; . mjw; F ehd; $wpa gjpy; - Kjypy; cq;fisr; rpe;jpf;f ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

fpuhk mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsk; Nghd;wtw;Wld; ,ize; J Rw; W r; Rw; w hliyr; Rj; j g; g Lj; J k; ifq; f upaj; j py; <Lglyhk; . kuq; f s; elyhk; . Ntz;Lnkdpy; mtu;fspd; md;whl NjitfSf;F Vw;whw; Nghy; nghJkf;fsplk; ,Ue;J ngw;W xU epjpaj;ij cUthf;fp mtu;fSf;F rpwg;Gg; gb toq;fTk; Mtd nra;ayhk;. rptnjhz;lu; mzpfs; irt Myaq; f spd; Rw; W g; Gwj; i jr; Rj; j khf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;batw;iwr; nra;ayhk;. jpUehTf;fuR ehadhupd; csthug; gzp mJthfj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. tskhd fl;Lg;ghLk; tUkhdKk; toq;fg;gl;lhy; vkJ ,isQu;fs; Atjpfs; ,g;Ngu;g;gl;l fpuhk vOr;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; jk;ik ,izj;Jf;nfhs;s Kd; tUthu;fs; vd;W ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. epue;ju Ntiyf;fhff; fhj;J epw;Fk; gyu; $l ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. fpuhk vOr;rpiaAk;> moFgLj;jiyAk;> r%f NritiaAk; ,izj;J xU njhz;bid Mw;wTk; mjd; ghy; rpy nghUshjhu ed;ikfisg; ngwTk; ehk; cjtp nra;jhy; rptnjhz;lu; mzpapdu; ,ilNa Nghjpa xU cj;Ntfj;ij cz;L gz;zyhk; vd;W ehd; ek; G fpd; N wd; . ,t; t hwhd Nritfs; jw; N ghJ tpQ;Qhd g+u;tkhf tpuptile;J xOq;fikf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ru;Nthjak; Nghd;w Nrit mikg;Gf;fs; ,itgw;wp fUj;juq;Ffisf; $l elhj;jp tUfpd;wd. vkJ rptnjhz;lu; mzpfs; Nghjpa gapw;rpfs; ngw Ntz;Lk;. jk;khy; tlkhfhzj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fpuhkq;fs; tsu;r;rp mila KbAk;> tsk; ngw KbAk; vd;w vz;zk; mtu;fs; kdjpy; voNtz;Lk;. ,jw;fhd xU rpwpa mYtyfj;ijj; jpwe;J rptnjhz;lu; mzpfspd; Nritfis xUq;fpizj;J fz;fhzpj;J tu vkJ khkd;wk; Mtd nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mLj;J irt tpj;jfu;fshfg; ghlk; ngWgtu;fs; irt Muha;rr ; papYk; <Lgl Kd;tUthu;fsh? vd;gij ehk; Nfl; l wpa Ntz; L k; . irtj; i jg; gbf; F k; mNjNeuk; vkJ Myaq;fs; gw;wpAk; mtw;wpd; ghuk; g upak; gw; w pAk; Nghu; f ; f hyg; ghjpg; G f; f s; gw;wpAk; mwpe;J ,e;J khkd;wj;jpw;F vLj;jpak;g Kd;tUthu;fsh? vd;W mwpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tl khfhzj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy; Myaq;fs; gw;wpa Muha;r;rpapy; mj;jifatu;fs; ,wq;f ehk; Mtd nra;a Ntz;Lk;. filrpahf eLj;jPu;g;G ikaq;fs; gw;wp xUrpy thu;j;ijfs;. ehd; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ePjpgjpahff; flikahw;wpaNghJ fz;Lnfhz;l xU fhupae;jhd; Nfhapy;fis vt;thW rl;l g+u;tkhff; nfhs;is mbg;gJ vd;gij. gy Nfhapy;fspd; gpzf;Ffs; vk;Kd; ehshe;jk; te;J nrd;wd. rpwpa rpwpa tplaq;fSf;Ff; $l ngupa ngupa rl;lj;juzpfs; <LgLj;jg;gl;ldu;. vd;d elf;fpd;wJ vd;W Muha;e;J ghu;j;jjpy; ju;kfu;j;jhf;fs; ePjpkd;wk; tu Mtyhf ,Ue; j hu; f s; vd; g ijf; fz; L jpLf; F w; N wd; . ju; k fu; j ; j h xUtUf; F tof; n fhd; W ,Ue; j hy; Nfhapy; nrhj;Jf;fNs mtUf;F mDruiz toq;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. rl;lj;juzpfSf;nfd;W Nfhapy; gzj;ijg; ngw;W ju;kfu;jj ; hf;fSk; rl;lj;juzpfSk; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. rl;l g+u;tf; nfhs;isfspy; <Lgl;L te;jhu;fs;. ,jdhy;jhd; Nfhapy; tof;Ffis rkhjhdkhfj; jPug ; g ; njd;whYk; rl;lj;juzpfs; mjw;F ,lkspf;fhJ tof;Ffisf; nfhz;L elj;jNt tpUg;gg;gl;lhu;fs;.

mtu;fs;. Mdhy; jd;idr; Rw;wpapUe;j rpq;fsj; jiytu;fis mtuhy; vil Nghl Kbatpy;iy. 1930 Mk; Mz; L fspy; ~~rpq; f stu; kl; L k; | | mikr;ruitiaAk; rpq;fsj; jiytu;fs; mikj; j hu; f s; . 1956 ,y; ~~rpq; f sk; kl; L k; | | rl;lj;ijAk; nfhz;L te;jhu;fs;. jkpo; kf;fspd; juKzu;e;J mtu;fis Xuk; fl;l epidj;jpUe;j rpq;fsj; jiytu;fspd; cs;nsz;zq;fis czuhJ nray;gl;lhu; nfsutkpf;f mUzhr;ryk; mtu;fs;. mtiug; NghyNt gpiotpl; l tu; ,e; j pahtpd; Kd;ida gpujku; jpU. [t`u;yhy; NeU mtu;fs;. jhk; ,Ue;j kiyAr;rpapy; ,Ue;J ,wq;fp tuKbahj xU epiyapy; mtu; ,Ue;jhu;. 1962 ,y; rPdh ,e;jpag; gpuNjrq;fis Mf;fpukpj;j gpd;du; jhd; mtUf;F Qhdk; gpwe;jJ. MfNt vkf;F vjpuhdtu;fspd; kNdhepiyiaAzu;e;J nrayhw;w Ntz;ba xU epiyapy; ehk; cs;Nshk;. mtu;fspd; nrayhw;wYf;F mj;jpthukhf mike;jpUg;gJ mtu;fs; rpj;jpupj;Js;s fl;Lf;fijfs;. mit fl;Lf;fijfs; jhd; vd;gij ehq;fs; rupj;jpu uPjpahf ep&gpj;Njhkhdhy; mtu;fspd; mj;jpthuNk cyf muq;fpy; Ml;lq;fz;LtpLk;. mjw;F mfpyNjr Muha;rr ; pf; FOtpd; mwpf;ifahdJ Njitg; g Lfpd; w J. mjidg; ngwNt ru; t Njr Muha;r;rpf; FOit epakpf;FkhW Ntz;b epw;fpd;Nwd;. mLj;J vkJ ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; MW jrhg;j tuyhw;iw rw;W Muha;e;J ghu;g;Nghk;. Md;kPfg; gzpfs;> mj;jpahtrpa r%fg; gzpfs;> mjw;F Nky; fy;tpg; gzpfs; vd;W gy gzpfspy; <Lgl;L te;Js;sdu; vkJ khkd;wj;jpdu;. ntspaPLfis ntspapl;L ntw;wp fz;L te;Js;sdu;. fUj;Jg; nghjpe;j ~~,e;J xsp|| vd;d> rkar; rpe;jidfis cs;slf;fpa ciuj;njhFg;Gf;fs; vd;d> ,e;J kf;fSf;fhd ifNaL vd;d> nja;tj; jpUkfs; gw;wpa gilg;Gf;fs; vd;d> ,t;thwhd gytpj ntspaPLfis ,Jtiu fhyKk; ntspapl;L ntw;wpfz;Ls;shu;fs; khkd;wj;jpdu;. xU rpy tplaq;fspy; mtu;fspd; Mu;tk; ,Uf;Fk; msTf;F ,Jtiu Md tplaq;fs; mt;tsthd jpUg;jpiaj; jutpy;iy vd;W mq;fyha;j;Js;shu;fs; mtu;fs;. mtw;iwr; rw;W Muha;e;J ghu;g;Nghk;. rptnjhz;lu; mzpfs; rpwg;Gkpf;fjha; cUthfhJ rw;Wj; njha;eJ ; jsu;eJ ; njhlu;tjha; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. irttpj;jfu; gapw;rpapy; Nghjpa <Lghl;il vkJ ,isa rKjhak; fhl; l Kw; g ltpy; i y vd; W $wpapUf;fpd;whu;fs;. eilKiwapy; cs;s Myag; gpur;rpidfis myrp Muha;eJ ; jPuf ; f ; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l eLj;juP g ; G ; ikak; Nghjpa Mu;tj;ij cz;lhf;fpajhfj; njupatpy;iy vd;W Fiwgl;Ls;shu;fs; vkJ kd;w mYtyu;fs;. ,tw;wpYk; ntw;wpfhz itg;gJ vk; vy;NyhuJk; flikahFk;. tlkhfhzj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; gytpjg; nghJg;gzpfs; ftdpg;ghiuf; fhzf; fhj;J epw;fpd;wd. fpuhkq;fs; NjhWk; Mf;fg+u;t fhupaq;fis rpukjhd mbg;ilapy; Kd; vLj;J Kbj;Jf;nfhLf;f khl;lhu;fsh vk; ,isQu;fs; Atjpfs; vd;W fpuhk kf;fs; vjpu;ghu;jJ ; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. rpy rptnjhz;lu; mzpfs; fpuhkq;fspd; Rw;Wr; #oiyr; Rj;jg;gLj;j Kd;tukhl;lhu;fsh vd;gij vkJ khkd;wj;jpdu; Nfl;lwpa Ntz;Lk;. vkJ tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;> ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

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Nguhrpupau;> fyhepjp fdfrghgjp ehNf];tud;

(nkhopj;Jiw> rg;ufKt gy;fiyf;fofk;> ngypFy;Nyhah> ,yq;if.)

mtu; f is cs; s lf; f pa FOnthd; W Mya gupghydk; gw;wpa xU rl;lefiyj; jahupf;f ehq;fs; eltbf;if vLf;fyhk;. mjd; gpd;du; mjidr; rl;lkhf;f Kidayhk;. eLj;jPu;g;G ikak; vd;W $wp tpl;L rl;lj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;NwNd vd;W ePqf ; s; kaf;fkilaf;$lhJ. rl;lj;jpy; fl;lhak; xd;wpUe;jhy;jhd; eLj;jPu;g;G ikaq;fs; eilKiwg; gLj; j g; g Ltd. jd; d pr; i rahd xU eltbf; i f vd;wpUf;Fk; NghJ vtiuAk; fl;lhag;gLj;jp eLj;juP g ; G ; ikaq;fs; Kd; mtu;fisf; nfhz;Ltu KbahJ. mjdhy; jhd; rl;lj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;Nwd;. ,Jtiu fhyKk; ele;J te;j jkJ ghijapy; jhk; ngw;w mDgtq;fis mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd; w k; ftdj; j pw; F vLj; J ,dptug; N ghFk; fhyj;jpy; Kjpu;rr ; pAlDk; jPuf ; f ; juprdj;JlDk; vkJ ,e;J kf;fspd; tho;fi ; fia tsk;gLj;Jk; topfspy; gazQ; nra;a tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;. vkJ tUq;fhyk; tskhf ,Uf;fg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;gjpy; mirf;f Kbahj ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltd; ehd;. mWgJ Kbe;J mDgtq;fs; mjpfk; ngw;W mjp Kd; N dw; w g; ghijapy; cq; f s; khkd; w k; ntw;wpAld; gazpf;f vdJ tho;jJ ; f;fSk; MrpfSk; cupj;jhFf! tsKld; ahtUk; tho tho;j;jp vd; rp;w;Wiuia ,j;Jld; epiwT nra;fpd;Nwd;.

ngsj;j rkaj;jpdUf;F ngsj;j rkar;nrhj;J gw;wpa fl;lisr; rl;lk; xd;W ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. ,e; J Mya gupghydk; gw; w pa xU rl; l k; cUthdhy; ,e;J Myag; gpzf;Ffisj; jPu;f;Fk; topKiwfisAk; mtw;Ws; cs;Nsw;fyhk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. mJgw;wp ,e;J khkd;wk; fuprid vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mya gupghydk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;ghf vjidAk; mLj;j rpy ehl;fspd; epfo;r;rp epuy; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy vd;W fhz;fpd;Nwd;. vdpDk; mJ gw;wpa my;yJ mjw;F mz;ikj;jhd tplaq;fs; gw;wpa fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wq;fs; tUk;NghJ ,e;Jkj Mya gupghydj;ij cs;slf;fpa xU rl;lj;ij cUthf;FtJ gw;wp vkJ NguwpQu;fs; Muha;e;J jkJ fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwpf; n fhs; s yhk; . gytpjkhd rpf; f y; f s; Mya gupghydj;jpy; ,Ug;gij ehd; mwpNtd;. cjhuzj;jpw;F fpof; F khfhzj; j py; xt; nthU Fbf;F xU rpwg;gk;rk; ,Ug;gijAk; Nfhapy; ghuk;gupak; ,Ug;gijAk; ehq;fs; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Ntw;wplq;fspNyh NtW khfhzq;fspNyh eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; Myag; gupghyd Kiwfis mq;Fs;s vk; kf;fSf;F ehk; mwpKfg;gLj;Jk;NghJ me;je;j ,lq;fspd; jdpj;Jt ghuk;gupaq;fisAk; fUj;jpw;F vLf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. ,d; W rka mwpT gilj; j gytpjkhd Nguhrpupau;fs;> tpupTiuahsu;fs; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

<oj;Jj; jyGuhz tuyhw;wpy; jl;rpz ifyhr Guhzk; <oj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw; w py; jl; r pz ifyhrGuhzk; kpf Kf;fpakhd jy Guhzkhf mike;Js;sJ. jyGuhzj; J f; N f cupa gy gz; G fisf; nfhz; b Uf; f pd; w mNjNtis Gjpa gy mk;rq;fisAk; nfhz;like;Js;sJ. <oj;J ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpapYk; ,g;Guhzk; kpFe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtj;Jf;F cupaJ.

,yf;fpa tsj;jpYk;> tuyhw;W mk;rq;fis ntspf;nfhzu;tjpYk;> gpuhe;jpa tho;tpay; Nfhyq;fis ntspg;gLj;JtjpYk; jl;rpz ifyhrGuhzk; rpwg;gplk; ngWfpd;wJ.

ngUkhs; rutzFkhu; (tpupTiuahsu;> jkpo;j;Jiw> Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofk;)

ey;Yhhpd; ngUikAk; ey;Yhuhd; kfpikAk; aho; Flhehl;bd; ey;Yhh; gpuNjrk; tuyhw;Wg; ngUikAk; Md;kPfr; rpwg;Gk; nfhz;lJ. gz;ila jkpo; kd;dh;fsJ aho;g;ghzj;J Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; NghJ ey;Y}h; ,uhrjhdpahf tpsq;fpaJ. gpd;dhspy; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; Nghw;wpg; ghJfhj;j tsh;j;j MWKf ehtyh; Nghd;w mwpQh; ngUkf;fs;> Qhdpfs; vd;Nghh; gpwe;J tho;e;J rpwg;gpj;j ,lkhf ey;Y}h; ,Ug;gjhy; cah;epiy ngWfpwJ. aho;g;ghzj;J rpj;jh; guk;;giuf;F %ytuhd filapw; Rthkpfs; elkhba Gz;zpa g+kp; ey;Y}h;. ,tiu QhdFUthff; nfhz;l nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; ey;Y}h; Njubapy; tho;e;jth;. ,tuJ rPluhd Nahfh; RthkpfSk; ey;iyf; fe;jdpd; jpUtUs; ngw;wth;. ,j;jifa Qhdguk;giuf;Fk; ey;Y}Uf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlh;G Nkd;ikahdJ. ,e;j tifapy; jdpj;Jtkpf;f ey;Y}hpNy ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; epidthf kzpkz;lgk;;> fyhrhu kz;lgk; vd;gd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,yq;ifapd; xNunahU irt MjPdkhd ey;iy jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; MjPdk;> Jh;f;fhNjtp kzpkz;lgk;> mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;> ,yq;if rpd;kah kp\d;> jpt;a [Ptd rq;fk; cl;gl gy rka fyhrhu kd;wq;fs; vd;gd ey;Y}Uf;F ew;rpwg;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ey;iy efhpNy ,e;J Myaq;fs; gy ,Ue;jhYk; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myaj;jpw;F xU jdpj;JtKz;L. tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kl;Lky;y ,yq;ifapd; fe;j Nfhl;lq;fSs; Kjd;ik ngw;Wk; tpsq;FfpwJ.ey;iyf; fe;jdpd; kNfhw;rt fhyj;jpy; ey;Yhh; kl;Lky;y aho; FlhehNl Gdpjk; ngw;W nja;tPfg; gf;jpf; Nfhykhff; fhl;rp jUk; rpwg;igf; fhzyhk;. ey;Y}h; ,uhrjhdp fhyj;jpy; Kf;fpa Myakhf ey;Y}h; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; jpfo;e;jJ vd;gJ tuyhw;Wg; gjpT.

mf;fhyj;jpy; ehw;wpirf; Nfhapy;fshf ntapYfe;j gps;isahh; Nfhapy; tPukhfhsp mk;kd; Nfhapy; rl;lehjh; Nfhapy; ifyhrehjh; Nfhapy; vd;gd mike;jpUe;jij Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; tuyhw;W Ma;thsh;fs; ,e;j Myaq;fs; ,g;NghJ gpw;fhyj;jpw;Fhpa fiykugpy; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; mtw;wpd; Njhw;wk; aho;g;ghz muRld; njhlh;Gilajha; ,Ug;gjhy; Vida Myaq;fSf;F ,y;yhj ngUikAk; tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gk; ,f;Nfhapy;fSf;F cz;L vd;gijAk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpwhh;fs;. ey;iyf;fe;jdpd; tUlhe;j kNfw;rtg; ngUtpoh Mo mkhthiriaj; njhlh;e;J tUk; r\;bj; jpjpapy; Muk;gkhtJ tof;fk;. me;jtifapy; ,t;tUl kNfhw;rtk; Mf];l; 19 Mk; jpfjpad;W nfhbNaw;wj;Jld; Muk;gkhfp eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ. gj;jhk; ehshfpa Mf];l; 28 Mk; jpfjpad;W kQ;rj; jpUtpohTk;> 16 Mk; ehshfpa nrg;nlk;gh; 3 Mk; jpfjpad;W mUzfphpehjh; cw;rtKk;> 17 Mk; ehshfpa 4 Mk; jpfjpad;W fhh;;j;jpif cw;rtKk; 20 Mk; ehshfpa 7 Mk; jpfjpad;W ifyhr thfd cw;rtKk;> 21 Mk; ehshfpa 8 Mk; jpfjpad;W fhiy f[ty;yp k`hty;yp cw;rtKk;> khiy Nty; tpkhdk; cw;rtKk;> 22 Mk; ehshfpa 9 Mk; jpfjpad;W fhiy njz;lhAjghzp cw;rtKk; (khk;goj; jpUtpoh)> khiy xU Kfj; jpUtpohTk;> 23 Mk; ehshfpa 10 Mk; jpfjpad;W rg;guj; jpUtpohTk;> 24 Mk; ehshfpa 11 Mk; jpfjpad;W ,uNjhw;rtKk;> 25 Mk; ehshfpa 12 Mk; jpfjpad;W jPh;j;Njhw;rtKk; ,lk;ngWtJld;> kWehs; 13 Mk; jpfjpad;W eilngWk; g+q;fhtd cw;rtj;Jld; ,t;tUl kNfhw;rtg; ngUtpoh epiwTngWfpwJ.

gj;njhd;gJ Mz;Lfs; epiwthf kyUk; ,e;J xsp - Md;kPf ,jio ey;iyf; fe;jd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjohf mUs;kpF KUfg; ngUkhdpd; jpUg;ghjq;fspy; rkh;g;gpj;J tzq;fp epw;fpd;Nwhk;. ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

âUtU£bghÈî Ä¡f ešÿ® fªjRthÄ nfhÉš fyhepjp Fkhurhkp NrhkRe;juk;

rhpj;jpug; gpurpj;jpAk; jpUtUl; nghypTk; moFr;

E}y;fSk;> gpw;fhy tuyhw;W Ma;thsHfspd; Ma;Tf; Fwpg;GfSk; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd. Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; goik tha;e;j njhd;ikr; rpwg;gpidf; nfhz;lJ ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;. aho;g;ghz jkpo; kd;dHfs; fhyj;jpy; mofpa ngUq; Nfhtpyhfg; nghypTld; tpsq;fpa ,t;thyak;> gpd;dH INuhg;gpa me;epahpd; Mf;fpukpg;ghy; mopTw;W> gpd; fp.gp. gjpndl;lhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy;> jw;Nghija Myak; kPsTk; fl;b vOg;gg;gl;lJ. w ~~aho;gg ; hzj;ij Mz;l jkpo; murHfs; xUtH gpd; xUtuha;g; gd;dpUtHf;F Nkw;gl;ltHfs;. mtHfSs; xUtdhd jkpourdpd; ke;jphp> GtNdfghF> mtH gpuhkzH> fq;fhjuf; FUf;fs; vd;gJ mthpaw; ngaH. mth; fp.gp. 950 - ,y; ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapiyf; fl;bdhH.|| ,t;thW gz;bjkzp rp.fzgjpg;gps;is> ~~ehtyUk; GuhzgldKk;||> vd;Dk; jkJ fl;Liuapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

nropg;Gk; Md;kpfr; #oYk;> md;gH jpUf;$l;lKk;> J}a;ikr; rpwg;Gk;> Mya ghpghydr; rPHikAk;> epj;jpa iekpj;jpaf; fphpiafspy; Neu Kfhikj;Jt xOq; F k; > fe; j Guhz fyhrhuk; Ngzg; g Ltjpy; cWjpAk;> mbahHfspd; xOq;Fk; xj;Jiog;Gk;> rpthr; r hhpaHfspd; Md; k pfr; N rit czHTk; FUj;Jtr; rpwg;Gk;> Njub Qhdpahpd; kfpikAk;> fe;jd; fUizAk; epuk;gg; ngw;w rpwg;gpidAilaJ ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myak;. ~~aho;g;ghzj;jpy; cs;s CHfspNy ey;y CH ey;Y}h;. mJ jiyrpwe;jnjhU Gz;zpa Nr\j;jpuk;. ,e;jj; jpt;tpa Nr\j;jpuj;jpNy rpj;jpnaa;jpa kfhd; xUthpd; Mj;kPf miy> <oehL OOtjpYk;> ghuj ehl; b Yk; > mg; g hNyAk; gutpapUg; g J gpurpj; j k; . ,q;Nf KUfdpd; jpUtUs; nts;sk; gputhfpf;fpd;wJ. tUle;NjhWk; vz;zpwe;jtHfs; mfKk; GwKe; Jauha; ca;jpjiyf; $Lfpd;whHfs;.~~ ,t;thW gz;bjkzp rp.fzgjpg;gps;is Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gJ> ey;Y}hpd; jy tpNrlj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;Ltjhf mikfpd;wJ. ,q;F $wg;gl;Ls;s kfhd;> gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; capHg;gpj;J tsHj;j =y= MWKfehtyH MthH vd;gJ njspT.

~~,yf;fpa rfhj;j nkz;Z}w; nwOgjh khz;lnjy;iy myHnghtp khiy khH;g dhk;GtNdfthF eykpF aho;g;ghzj;J efhpfl;Ltpj;j ey;iyf; Fytpa fe;jNtl;Ff; NfhapYk; Ghptpj;jhNd||.

~ifyhakhiy|> vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,r; n ra; A s; mtuJ fUj; J f; F Mjhukhff; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s GtNdthF> jphprq;fNghjp vdTk; miof;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gJ M. Kj;Jj;jk;gpg;gps;is mth;fs; vOjpa ~~aho;g;ghzr; rhpj;jpuk;||> vd;Dk; E}ypy; tpRtehj rh];jphpahH rk;gtf;Fwpg;G vDk; ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpapypUe;J vLj;Jf; fhl;ba gpd;tUk; nra;AspypUe;J njhpa tUfpwJ.

~~ve;ehSk; ey;Y}iu tyk; te;J tzq;fpdhy; ,lh;fnsy;yhk; NghNk|| vd;Wk;> ~~rhh;e;jth;f;Fr; rhfh tuq;nfhLf;Fk; ey;Y}iu tPo;e;J vOe;J Fk;gpLtha; tpiue;J||

vd;Wk; $wp vk;iknay;yhk; $tp miof;fpwhh;> rptNahfh; Rthkpfs;. ey;iyf;fe;jd;> moFf; fe;jdhf> myq;fhuf; fe;jdhf ey;Y}hpy; mkHe;J mUshl;rp Ghpfpd;whd;. ey;Y}H Myaj;ij tyk; te;J ehSk; kdk;> nkhop> nka;j;J}a;ikAld; Jjpg;NghHf;Fg; go tpidfspd; ge;jpg;G> GJ tpidfspd; re;jpg;G> gw;Wfs; <a;e;j nte;jpg;G> gy;yhw;whYk; NeHe;j ke;jpg;G midj;Jk; ePq;fg; ngw;WtpLk;. tho;tpy; vQ;Qhd;Wk; jpj;jpg;G> ,dpik> moF> xOq;F kpspUk;. ey;Y}H fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; tuyhW gw;wpg; gy;NtW fUj; J fs; > xd; w pw; n fhd; W Kuzhd tifapy; > fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ey;Y}h; aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; jiyefuhf tpsq; f paikAk; mf; f hyj; j pNyNa mq;F fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;L ,Ue;jikAk;> aho; g ; g hzj; i j murhl; r p nra; j kd; d Hfs; > Nfhtpiy ed;F ghpghypj;J te;jikAk; gw;wpa nra;jpfis aho;gg ; hzg; gz;ila tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; ifyhakhiy> itahghly;> aho;gg ; hz itgtkhiy ïªJ xË

~~,yfpa rfhj;j nkz;Zhw; nwOgj;J ehd;fp dyHjphp rq;f Nghjp ahk;GtNdf thF eyKWk; aho;g;ghzj;J efhp fl;Ltpj;J Fytpa fe;jdhHf;Ff; Nfhapnyhd; wikg;gpj;jhNd.||

,Nj GtNdfthFjhd;> ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; fl;baj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLgtd; vd;gJ mwpQH gyhpd; fUj;J. Nrhog; NguuR ,yq;ifapy; epytpa gj;jhk; E} w;whz;by; fp.gp. 948-50 Mk; Mz;lstpy;> Nrho kd;ddpd; gpujpepjpahf ,q;F mtdhy; mDg;gg;gl;l> mk;kd;ddpd; mikr;rH GtNdfthF vd;gtdhy;> ey; Y }hpy; FUf; f s; tsT vd; D k; fhzpapy; fe;jDf;Fg; ngUq;Nfhapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Dk; nra;jpia xU rhuhH njhptpj;Js;sdH. fp.gp. 1248 Mk; Mz;L> aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; KjyhtJ Mhpar;rf;futHj;jpahd rpq;ifahhpahpd; 10

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

fpof;fpyq;ifapy; fz;zfp topghLk; mJ rhh;e;j rlq;F KiwfSk; - Xh; Ma;T fz;zfp topghlhdJ fpof;fpyq;if kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ngUk; gq;fspg;ig ey;fp te;Js;sJ. fz; z fpia fw; G f; f urpahf> gj; j pdpg; ngz;zhf Nghw;wp te;j ,g;gpuNjr kf;fs; xOf;fk; epiwe;j ed; kf;fshf tho;e;J te;Js;sdH. Fwpg;ghf ,g;gpuNjr fpuhkpa kf;fs; khdj;ij ngupnjdf; fUjp xt;nthU FLk;gg; ngz;Zk; jd;id fz;zfpahfNt fUjp tho;eJ ; te;Js;sdH. fz;zfp mk;kid jq; f s; Fynja; t khff; fUjpa ,th; f s; jq;fs; Fiwfis mk;kdplk; Kiwapl;L mjw;Fupa gad;fisAk; ngw;W fztDld; fUj;njhUkpj;J tho;e;J te;Js;sdh;. MapDk; ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; me; e k; g pf; i ffs; midj; J k; ngha; a hfp tpl;lnjd;Nw $wyhk;. Vnddpy; ,d;iwa

r%fk; gy;NtW Jiwfspy; Nkk;ghL fz;L fy; t p> nghUshjhuk; > murpay; > thzpgk; Mfpatw;why; gy fpuhkpa r%q;fspy; ,itfs; mopf; f g; g l; L tUfpd; w d. ,tHfspilNa fz; z fp topghL> ghuk; g upa ngUikfs; > tpOkpaq; f s; > fiy> fyhrhu kuGfs; > nja;tek;gpf;iffs; vd;gd nghUshjhuj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Nghyp tho;fi ; fapdhy; mopf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld. MapDk; fpof;fpyq;ifapy; rpy fpuhkq;fspy; ghuk;gupa kuGfs; ,d;Wk; gpd; g w; w g; g Lfpd; w d vd; w hy; mJ mk; k d; mUshfNt Nehf;fyhk;.

nghd;Dj;Jiu G+Nyhfehjd; (M.A,) M.Phil Read,University of peradeniya).

Kd;dhs; cjtp tpupTiuahsUk;, tUif tphpTiuahsUk; (nka;apaw;Jiw, aho; gy;fiyf;fofk;)

Kjd; ke;jphpahd GtNdfthF vd;gtNd ey;Y} hpy; FUf;fs; tsT vd;Dk; ngaUila epyj;jpy; fe;jDf;Ff; Nfhapy; mikj;jhd; vd;w fUj;Jk; cs;sJ. nrz; g fg; ngUkhs; vd; g td; > Nfhl; i l ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; kd;dd; Mwhk;; guhf;fpukghFtpd; tsHg; G kfd; . rg; G khy; F khua vd; W k; mtd; miof; f g; g l; l hd; . ,f; fhyg; g Fjpapy; - fp.gp. gjpide;jhk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; - fdf#hpa rpq;ifahhpad; vd;Dk; jkpo; kd;dd; aho;gg ; hzj;ij Ml;rp Ghpe;J te;jhd;. Nfhl;il kd;dd; Mwhk; guhf;fpukghF jdJ tsHg;G kfd; nrz;gfg; ngUkhs; jiyikapy; aho;g;ghz muirf; ifg;gw;WkhW gilnahd;iw mDg;gpdhd;. nrz;gfg; ngUkhs; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;Fs; GFe;J> khlkhspiffis mopj;J> fe;jRthkp NfhapiyAk; jiukl;lkhf;fp> muirf; ifg;gw;wp> Nfhl;ilf;F kP z ; l hd; . aho; g ; g hz murd; fdf#hpad; jd; FLk;gj;jhUld; ,e;jpahtpw;Fr; nrd;W jpUf;NfhtpY} hpy; kiwe;J tho;e;jhd;. guhf;fpukghF> nrz;gfg; ngUkhis aho;g;ghz kd;ddhf epakpj;J> murhl;rp nra;AkhW gzpj;jhd;. ey;Y}hpNy fp.gp. 1450 Mk; Mz;lstpy;> xU Gjpa efiuf; fl;bnaOg;gpa nrz;gfg; ngUkhs;> rpwP rq;fNghjp GtNdfthF vd;Dk; ehkk; g+z;L> gjpNdO Mz;Lfs; aho;g;ghzj;ij muR nra;J te;jhd;. jdJ gilnaLg;gpdhy; mopf;fg;gl;l fe;jRthkp Nfhapiy> jhd; nra;j jtwpid czHe;jtdha;> mjw;Fg; ghpfhukhf kPsTk; fl;bnaOg;gpdhd; vd;W ïªJ xË

$wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;Nfhapy; Kj;jpiur; re;jpf;F mUfhikapy; jw; N ghJ fpwp]; j t Njthyak; mike;Js;s epyj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jw;F THE TEMPORAL Mjhukhf FitNwh]; ghjphpahhpd; AND SPIRITUAL CONQUEST OF CEYLON vd; D k; E}Yk; > ghy;Nla]; ghjphpahhpd; A TRUE AND EXACT DESCRIPTION OF GREAT ISLAND, CEYLON vd;w E}Yk; cs;sd. fp.gp 1467 ,y; Nfhl;ilia Mz;l Mwhk; guhf;fpukghF ,we;jhd;. mtDf;Fg; gpd; nrz;gfg; ngUkhs; aho;gg ; hzj;jpypUe;J Nfhl;ilf;Fr; nrd;W> Mwhk; GtNdfthF vDk; ngaUld; Nfhl; i l murdhdhd;. mt;Ntis aho;g;ghzj;ij Ms;tjw;F tpraghF vd;gtid epakpj;jhd;. mtdpd; Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpYs;s jpUf;NfhtpY}hpy; kiwe;J tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j fdf#hpad; ngUk; gilAld;> aho;g;ghzk; kPz;Lk; te;J tpraghFld; Nghhpl;L mtid ntd;W> kPz;Lk; aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; kd; d dhfp ey; Y }iuj; jiyefuhff; nfhz; L murhl;rp nra;jhd;. gy Fsq;fis mikj;J ePH tsk; ngUf;fpdhd;. ey;Y}H fe;jRthkp NfhapYf;Fg; gy jpUg; g zpfisr; nra; J > moFk; mUSk; kpspug; ghpghydQ; nra;J te;jhd;. ,uhr tPjpfSk;> muz; k idfSk; > tskid tP j pfSk; > gy; N tW njhopyhsH ,Ug;gplq;fSk; g+q;fhf;fSk; mikj;J ey;Y}iu> ey;y Cuhf moF nfhopf;fr; nra;jhd;. fp.gp. 1478 ,y; fdf#hpaDf;Fg; gpd;> mtdpd; kfd; rpq;ifg; guuhrNrfud; aho;g;ghz murdhdhd;. mtd; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myaj;Jf;Fj; jpUf;Fsk; mikj;J> tl ,e;jpah aKid ejpapypUe;J Gdpj 11

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

njhd; [{thd; ,uFehjkhg; g hz KjypahH> gjtpfhuzkhfj; jkf; f pUe; j nry; t hf; i fg; gad;gLj;jp> fp.gp 1734 Mk; Mz;lstpy; ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapiy kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fhpa cj;juitg; ngw;whH. Nfhapy; Kd;dH mike;jpUe;j aKdhhpf;F maypy; cs;s ,lj;jpy; fpwp];jt Njthyak; fl;lg;gl;Ltpl;ljhy;> gpwpNjhhplj;jpy;> fe;jDf;Ff; Nfhapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. njhlf;fj;jpy; klhyak; Mf tpsq;fpaJ. ,e;j klj;jpy; Nty; itj;J topghL nra;ag;gl;L te;jJ. fe;jGuhzk; gbj;Jg; gad;nrhy;Yk; klk; MfNt nghpJk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. NfhGuk;> J}gp> nghpa fl; l lq; f s; ,d; w pNa> klhyak; Mf mikj; J mikjpahf topghL nra;J te;jdH. ~~ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;> FUf;fs; tsT vd;Dq; fhzpapy; fl;lg;ngw;Ws;sJ. jkpo; kd;dd; Mhpar;rf;futHj;jpapd; gpujk mikr;rH GtNdrthfhpdhy; fp.gp 884 Mk; Mz;lstpw; fl;lg;ngw;wJ. ,jid ,uFehjkhg;ghz KjypahH fp.gp 1734 ,y; kPz;Lk; fy;ypdhYk; nrq;fw;fspdhYk; fl;bdhH. Xl;bdhy; Ntag;ngw;wJ.|| ,t;thW KjypahH Fy rghehjd;> jkJ ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; gw;wpa E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ,uFehjkhg; g hz Kjypahhpd; gzpfSf; F > fpU\;za;aH Rg;igaH vd;w gpuhkzf; FUf;fs; cjtpahf ,Ue;jhH vd;w nra;jpAk; mwpag;gLfpwJ. mtNu Kjw; g+rfuhf ,Ue;jhH. vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,uFehj khg; g hz KjypahH tk; r j; j pdNu guk;giu mwq;fhtyh;fshf> ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapiyr; rPuhfTk; rpwg;ghfTk; ghpghydk; nra;J tUfpd;wdH. 1899 Mk; ,y; kzpf;$l;Lf; NfhGuk; xd;W fl;lg;ngw;wJ. 1902 Mk; Mz;L %y];jhdj;jsk;> kw;Wk; mHj;j kz;lgk; fUq;fw; jpUg;gzpahf epiwNtwpd. 1909 Mz;by; Rw;Wg; gpufhu kz;lgq;fs; fl;lg;ngw;wd. Rw;Wkjpy;fSk; mikf;fg;ngw;wd. njhlHe;J fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; gy;NtW jpUg;gzpfs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;L moFf;F moF nra;ag;gl;lJ. 1964 ,y; tre;jkz;lgk; Gduikf;fg;gl;lJ. epj; j pa iekpj; j paf; fphpiafs; > g+irfs; > tpohf; f s; vd; g dtw; i w tpjpg; g bAk; fhyNeue; jtwhkYk; elj;jg;gLfpd;w eilKiwapy; fz;Zq; fUj;Jkhf mwq;fhtyHfSk; me;jzg; ngUkf;fSk; rpuj;ij fhl;bdH. gbg; gbahf Mz;LNjhWk; gy;NtW jpUg; g zpfs; epiwNtw; w g; g l; l d. 1964k; Mz; L Gjpa Njhpidf; fiy moF kpspur; nra;tpj;jik mw;Gj epfo;thFk;. caHjpU \z;Kfjh]; khg;ghz KjypahH fhyj;jpy; ,J epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk; gy jpUg;gzpfs; ,tH fhyj;jpy; eilngw;wd. 1964 ,y; mtH ,iwtdb NrHe;jhH. mtUf;Fg; gpd;dH mtUila rNfhjuH Ff= Fkhujh]; khg;ghz KjypahH> 1964 Kjy; ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; mwq;fhtyuhf> tpaj;jF Kiwapy; flikahw;wp tUfpwhH.

ePH nfhz;L te;J> nga;J> aKdh Vhp vd mjw;Fg; ngahpl;lhd;. aKdhhp vd;w ngahpy;> rq;fpypj;Njhg;gpy; ,d;Wk; mq;F fhzg;gLfpwJ. ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp NfhapYf;F ehw;jpirapYk; ehd;F jpUf;Nfhapy;fisf; fl;Ltpj;J> ey;Y}Hj; jiyefiu Kd; i dapYk; moFk; nja; t P f Kk; fko> tpsq;f itj;j ngUikf;Fhpa td; rpq;ifg; guuh[Nrfud; Mthd; . fe; j Rthkp Nfhapy; eLtpy; mika fpof;Nf ntapYfe;j gps;isahH Myaj;ijAk;> njw;Nf ifyhaehjH NfhapiyAk;> Nkw;Nf tPukhfhsp mk;kd; Myaj;ijAk;> tlghypy; rl; i lehjH NfhapiyAk; fl; L tpj; J ey; Y }iu mzpnra;jhd;. ,t;thW KjypahH ,uhrehafk; jkJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. ,t;thW Mhpar;rf;futHj;jpfs; ey;Y}hpypUe;J muR nrYj;jpa fhyj;jpy; KbAil Nte;jUk;> ke; j php gpujhdpfSk; kf; f Sk; gagf; j pNahL nrd; W rpue; j ho; j ; j p tzq; f p topghL nra; A k; jpUj;jykhf ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; jpfo;ej ; J. aho; g ; g hz ,uhrjhdp kd; d Hfs; > jkpioAk; irtj; i jAk; fz; f isg; ghJfhg; g J Nghyg; Nghw;wpg; ghJfhj;J te;jdH. fe;jd; Myaj;jpd; ghpghydj;jpYk;> jpUg;gzpfspYk;> guhkhpg;gpYk;> epj;jpa iekpj;jpaq;fspYk; ngUQ; rpuj;ij fhl;b te;jdH. ey;iyf; fe;jd; mUshy; kd;dUk; kf;fSk; rPUk; rpwg;Gk; ngw;W tskhfTk; ey;y tz;zKk; tho;e;jdH. Ma fiyfSk; Md;kpfKk; jkpOk; jioj; J Xq; f pd. fe; j Guhz fyhrhuk; gy; f pg; ngUfpaJ. fp.gp 1619 Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzf; filrpj; jkpo; k d; d d; rq; f pyp vd; g td; NghHj; J f; f P r uhy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;L aho;gg ; hz ,uhr;rpak; NghHj;Jf;fr P H trkhdJ. 1621 Mk; Mz;by; NghHj;JfPrj; jsgjp gpypg; j xtpNtuh vd;gtdpd; fl;lisf;fpzq;f ey; Y }Hf; fe; j Rthkp Nfhapy; ,bj; J Kw; w hf mopf;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thNw Vida irtf;Nfhapy;fSk; mopf;fg;gl;ld. NghHj;Jf;fr P H jkJ kjj;ijg; gug;Gk; Nehf;fj;JlNdNa ,j;jifa mopT Ntiyfspy; <Lgl;ldH. fp.gp. 1658 Mk; Mz;L NghHj;Jf;fPrhplkpUe;J xy;yhe;jH vdg;gLk; lr;Rf;fhuH aho;g;ghzj;ijf; ifg; g w; w pdH. ,tHfs; Gul; l ]; j he; J fpwP ] ; j t kjj;ij RNjrpfsplk; gug;GtjpYk; Njthyaq;fis epWTtjpYk; mjpf rpuj; i j nrYj; j pdH. mur cj; j pNahfq; f s; > gl; l k; > gjtpfis toq; f pr; RNjrpfis kjkhw;wk; nra;jdH. ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; Kd; d H ,Ue; j ,lj; j pNy fpwp]; j t Njthyak; mikj; j dH. Nfhapy; ,bf; f g; g l; L vLf; f g; g l; l fw; f isf; nfhz; N l> xy; y he; j H aho; g ; g hzf; Nfhl; i liaf; fl; b dhHfs; vdr; rhpj;jpuk; $WfpwJ. xy; y he; j H Ml; r pf; fhyj; j pYk; irtrkak; ,d;dy;fSf;Fs;shfpaJ. rka topghl;Lr; Rje;jpuk; kWf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk;> gjpndl;lhk; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy; mJ rw;W jsHj;jg;gl;bUe;jikAk; Fwpg; g plj; j f; f J. xy; y he; j H Ml; r pf; fhyj; j py; aho;gg ; hzf; fr;Nrhpapy; rpwhg;gH Mff; flikahw;wpa ïªJ xË

(jpU. it. NrhkNrfud; mth;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;l <oj;J Myaq;fs; - aho; khtl;lj; jpUj;jyq;fs; : ghfk; 1 E}ypypUe;J - khkd;w ntspaPL) 12

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

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njdyhk;. vdNt> <ots ehl;Lf;Fs;NsNa gz;ghl;Lg; gy;tifikAk; mNjNtis jdpj;JtKk; nfhz;lNjhu; jkpo;r; r%fk;> mq;Nf epiy ngwyhapw;W.

tpNtfhde;juh[h JyhQ;rdd; (tpQ;Qhd gPlk;> nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk;)

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jkpo;f; flTshk; KUfg; ngUkhd; tuyhW gw;wp Kjd;

Kjyhf jkpopy; gilf;fg; ngw;w ,yf;fpak; ‘jpUKUfhw;Wg; gil’ MFk;. jkpo;g; Gytuhd ef;fPuu;> KUfdpd; mUs; ngw;W ,aw;wpa rq;f ,yf;fpakhd ,jpy;> KUfg; ngUkhd; Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;s MW gil tPLfisg; gw;wp njspthf nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Rthkpkiy ,e; j ehd; f hk; gil tP l hd Rthkp kiyapy; j hd; je; i j rptngUkhDf; N f jdad; rz; K fd; cgNjrk; nra;j jpUtpisahly; epfo;e;jJ. ,e;jj; jpUj;jyj;ijj; jpUKUfhw;Wg; gilAk;> rpyg;gjpfhuKk; ‘jpU Vufk;’ vd;W Fwpg; g pLfpd; w d. jQ; i r khtl; l j; j py; > Fk; g Nfhzk; mUfpYs;s Rthkp kiyapy; Mbf; fpUj;jpif tpoh> fe;j r\;b tpoh> itfhrp tprhfg; ngUtpoh> gq;Fdp cj;jpug; ngUtpoh Mfpait kpfTk; rpwg;ghf elf;fpd;wd.

jpUg;guq;Fd;wk; ‘Kjy; gil tPL’ vd;w ngUikia ,J ngWfpd;wJ. R+ugj; k id mopj; J > Njtu; f isg; ghJfhj; j hu; KUfg; ngUkhd;. mtUf;F jd; kfs; NjtNrdhit kzk; Kbf;f tpUk; g pdhd; ,e; j pud; . KUfg; ngUkhd; - NjtNrdh jpUkzk; epfo; e ; j jpUj; j yNk Kjyhk; gil tP l hfpa jpUg;guq;Fd;wk;. jpUg;guq;Fd;wj;jpy; kiyiaf; File;J fu;g;gf;fpufk; mikf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,q;F jhd; <rid Nehf;fp KUfd; jtk; ,Ue;jjhfTk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ.

jpUj;jzp R+uid mopj;J rpdk; mlq;fp mikjp fhz KUfg; ngUkhd; jpUf;Nfhtpy; nfhz;l Ie;jhk; gil tPLjhd; jpUj;jzp. Fwtu; Fyg; ngz;zhd ts;spia KUfd; kzk;Gupe;j jpUj;jyk; vd;w jdpr; rpwg;Gk; jpUj;jzpf;F cz; L . Mbf; fpUj; j pif tpoh kpfTk; rpwg; g hf ,q; F elf;fpwJ.

jpUr;nre;J}u; R+u gj;kid KUfg; ngUkhd; mopj;j jpUj;jyNk ,uz; l hk; gil tP l hd jpUr; n re; J }u; . ,q; F Mz; L NjhWk; fe;j r\;b tpoh kpfTk; rpwg;ghf eilngWfpwJ. Cikahf ,Ue;j Fku FUguu;> nre;jpyhz;ltu; mUshy; NgRk; rf;jp ngw;W ghLk; jpwDk; ngw;wJ ,q;Fjhd;. lr;R nfhs;isau;fis eLeLq;f itj;J> mtu;fisAk; jd;id tzq;f itj;j jdp Mw;wy; gilj;jtu; jpUr;nre;J}u; KUfd; vd;nwhU fu;z guk;giuf; fijAk; cz;L.

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goep ,q;F et gh\dq;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Qhdg; gokhf KUfg; ngUkhd; tpsq;Ffpd;whu;. goep KUfdpd; moif fhzf; fz; Nfhb Ntz;Lk; vd;ghu;fs;. fpuptyk; ,q;Nf ngsu;zkp ehspy; eilngWfpwJ. rz;Kfd; Mz;b Nfhyk; fz;lJk; ,q;Nfjhd;. %d;whk; gil tPlhd goepapy; ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

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irtrka klq;fspd; Njhw;w tuyhW> klq;fspd; fl;bl epHkhz Kiwik> irtrka tsHr;rp tuyhw;wpNy klq;fspd; gq; f spg; G > irt rpj; j he; j newpf; f ika ,aq; f pa klq; f s; > irtj; Jwtpfspd; tho;tplkhfr; irt klq;fs; ,aq;fpaik> irt rkaf; flTsH gw;wpa nfhs;iffis tpthjpf; F kplkhf mike; j ik. rpj; j he; j rh]; j puq; f s; > jpUKiwfs; > FUG+irfs; > jpUtb topghLfisr; irt rka klq;fs; Kd; n dLj; j ik> topg; N ghf; f HfSf; f hd MJyHrhiyfshfg; gad;gl;lik> fhy; eilfs;> kpUfq;fspd; ePH Ntl;if> cly; Ntl;iffis eP f ; f MTNuhQ; r pf; f y; > eP H j; n jhl; b fis mikj;Jg; Gz;zpa fUkq;fis Mw;Wjy;>

fyhG+\zk; jk;G Jiuuh[h nfhOk;G.

myq;fhuf; fe;jdhfg; Nghw;wg;gLk;

ey;iyf; Fkud; ey;iyak;gjpapy;

,jw; F k; Nkyhf ey; i yf; fe; j d; MyaKk; myq;fhur; rpwg;gpidAk; Xh; moFg; g huk; g hpaj; i jAk; nfhz; L tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. KUF vd;whNy moF. vy;yhNk mofhf Neh;jj ; pahf nrk;ikahf ed; i kahf ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; vd; D k; jj; J tj; i j cyfpw; F czh; j ; J tJld; cyfpid moF nra;tjw;F Njhd;wpatd; KUfd;. mofd; KUfdpd; mUl; nghypTk; nja;t rhe;epj;jpaKk; ey;Y}hpd; moFg; ghuk;ghpaj;Jf;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. mj;Jld; Myaj;jpYk; mjd; #oypYk; epyTfpd;w J}a;ik> Mya epj;jpa iekpj;jpa G+ir Muhjidfspy; Neue;jtwhik> Mya Kfhikj;Jtr; rpwg;G mh;r;rfh;fs; njhz;lh;fs; topgLNthh; MfpNahhpd; xj;Jiog;G xOq;FKiwfs; vd;gd moFf;F moF nra;tdthf mikfpd;wd. ,tw;why; jhd; Xh; moFg; ghuk;ghpak; ey;iyg;gjpapy; epiyA+d; w pAs; s myq; f huf; f e; j dpd; rpwg; G f; F mzpnra;tjhf ,Ug;gij Fwpg;gplyhk;.

vOe;jUsp apUf;Fk; KUfg; ngUkhd; myq;fhuf; fe;jdhfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhh;. kNfhw;rt fhyq;fspy; KUfg; ngUkhd; ts;sp nja;tahid rNkjuhf ntt;NtW myq;fhuq;fSld; tPjpAyh tUk; fhl;rp gf; j pG+h; t khdJ. KUfg; ngUkhDf; F hpa rhj;Jg;gbAk; tPjpAyhtUk; thfdKk; tpjk;tpjkhd Nrhlid myq; f hpg; g py; mike; j pUf; F k; . rpy Kf;fpa cw;rtq;fspd; NghJ tPjpAyh tUk; KUfg; ngUkhdpd; myq;fhuj;Jld; ,ize;j tifapyhd epwq;fspyhd t];jpuq;fisNa kNfhw;rtj;ij elj;jpitf;Fk;. FUkhh;fSk; mzpe;jpUg;ghh;fs;.,e;j tifapy; rpwg;ghd rhj;Jg;gbAk; NrhlidfSk; mike;jpUg;gJ fhuzkhf ,q;F vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; Fkuf; flTs; myq;fhuf;fe;jdhf Nghw;wp topghL nra;ag;gLfpd;whh;. ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

ešiy¡ fªj‹ âUñŠrš fh¥ò

âUnkî kÂkh®g¤ jtD« ntj¢ br§fky¤ jadhYª njl‰ bf£lh¥ bgUkhDª Ja®jÉ®¤nj moik bfh©l nguhs‹ Óuhs‹ ãw¥ãš yhjh‹ bghUNu‹ clšãsªJ ešiy nkî« òytD¡nf CŠrÈir ngh‰¿¢ brhšy xUnfh£L¤ jiHbrÉa¡ fË‰W¥ ãŸis cgaky uoaf¤nj í‹dš brŒth«.

ÃuŠrdkhŠ r¤âát§ fhšf shf ÃfÇšguh gukÂnaeš É£l khf guªjfiy Phdkh fk§fŸ rh¤âu« g‹Dòuh z§fŸKW »isa jhf muªijafš ehšntj§ fÆw jhf mHbfhGF bgh‰gyif Foiya jhf euªjÃiw m£lâ¡F¡ fkGª ešiy ef®nkî fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

m«gu«Õ jh«gu«eš Éjhd khf myUL¡fŸ etkÂÆ‹ khiy ahf br«gJk ehafD« kâa¤ njîª âUÄF¤j f©zoÆ‹ Åiwa jhf e«òRl® Phdnk És¡f khf ehjÉªJ k§fyth yh¤â ahf c«gbušyhª Jângá¥ gho ahl caUešiy e‰fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

K¡FzK§ fÉifna ah» nah§f bkhÊíkw« bghUË‹g« ånl eh‹F« g¡fbkhL rhkiuÆ‹ gªâ ahf¥ gf®nkh£r bkhË¤ Ôg khf Ä¡ft‹ò kyuhny maD« khY« nt©Ltu« bgWtj‰nf óir brŒa e¡fdu‹ òjštnu ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

fdf KoahW« ãuig år ešyf£ brÉahD« »Uigia eh£l gdfkÂ¡ F©lyÛ uhWª â›a ghDbthË jÅ¡»uz« gÇªJ år òidíkÂ¡ fydhl KWt nwh‹w¥ òJkâa KfkhW« bghâjš brŒa mefFU guKjšth MO %Šrš mHFešiy¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

mªjÄyh ÚykÂ kÆY khl mH»abgh‰ rj§iffÈ‹ fÈbd‹ whl brªâUth® gÇòu§fŸ jhD khl¢ br«bghËÆ DilairªJ áw¥gh ahl

CŠrš

ïªJ xË

vªjdf¤ âUªjUS« ghj khl v›îÆ®¡Fª jhdtdh ÆUªnj ahl eªjÈyh¥ gu«bghUns ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

g‹ÅUif bghÈªjhl¢ Nu‹ kh®ig¥ g»®ªjtÆš btFguh¡ »uk¤ jhl¢ brh‹dgy thíjKª Jy§» ahl¢ Rªjukh« bgh‰òÇüš kh®ã yhl br‹Åw¢N£ L¢nrt‰ bfhoí khl¤ bjËîWbgh‰ f§fz§fŸ Óuh ahl e‹dânr ahdtnu ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

fŸsh®ªj fl«gky® khiy ahl¡ fâbfGî u¤dkÂ¡ ftr khl cŸsh®ªj tiuPhQ§ f¢R khl cWe®Ja® Ô®¤âUªj îilth shl vŸsh®ªj bjŒtto thd khj ÇUngU ÄUg¡f¤ âUªnj ahl eŸsh‰W ntytnu ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

jhahba› îÆ®¡Fª jhdhŒ Ã‹W j©zËia¥ òÇgtnu ahO %Šrš khnah‹w‹ kUfnd ahO %Šrš thdt®nr dhgâna ahO %Šrš nrnar£rka guhgunu ahO %Šrš njthâ njtnu ahO %Šrš ehnaid¤ bjh©Lbfh©lh ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

âÇòtd f®¤jhnt ahO %Šrš átPhd nghjfnu ahO %Šrš tWikjÉ®¤ jhŸgtnu ahO %Šrš tiuba¿ªj nrtfnu ahO %Šrš m¿tf¤nj M¡»ath ahO %Šrš moahiu aŠrby‹gh ahO %Šrš e¿akz§ fkœòand ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

m‹òbghUª joat®fŸ thÊ thÊ mH»aeš iy¢rd§fŸ thÊ thÊ bgh‹òuS kŠiPF¡ FlK« thÊ òfœbjŒt FŠrÇí« FwÄ‹ thÊ J‹òjÉ® åuntš thÊ thÊ brhšYk‰W khíj§fŸ thÊ thÊ e‹FjU« ešiyef®¡ fªj® thÊ ehjhªj ntytbuª ehS« thÊ!

thÊ

(âUñŠrš ghlšfŸ nrdhâuha KjÈah® mt®fshš ïa‰w¥g£lJ) k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

nfskhu topghl;L kugpy; KUff; flTspd; tbtq;fSk; ehkq;fSk; fyhepjp k. ghyifyhrehjrh;kh

KJepiy tphpTiuahsh;> fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.

mwpKfk;

jpfo;fpd;whd;. neUg;igAk; vhpf;Fk; Qhdf;fpdpahf KUfd; tpsq;Ffpd;whd;.

e; J rka tuyhw; W kugpNy KUfid KOKjw; nja;tkhff; nfhz;L topghL nra;J tUk; rka gz; g hl; L kuG nfskhuk; vdr; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gphptpNy KUfNd cah; nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;L mtUf;Fhpa midj;J topghl;L mk;r q;f Sk; rpwg; g hfTk; jdpahfTk; rka ,yf;fpaq;fspNy $wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thW $wg; g l; L s; s tw; i w jdpj; J Nehf; F fpd; w NghJ KUfdpd; gy; N tW tbtq; f Sk; mtw; W f; F hpa ehkq;fisAk; rpwg;ghff; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

KUfdpd; %d;W rf;jpfs;

rptngUkhdpd; Ie;J Kfj;NjhL rf;jpapd; KfKk; (rpj;rf;jpahfpa MwhtjwpTf;Fg; nghUshtJ mNjh Kfk;) Nrh;e;J MWKfkhapw;W. KUfdplj; j py; %d; W rf;jpfs; cs;sd. mit ,r;rhrf;jp, fphpahrf;jp, Qhdrf;jp vd;gdthFk;. ,r;rhrf;jpapd; tbtNk ts;spak;ik. ,th; fhpa epwk; cilath;; KUfdpd; tyg; g hfj; j py; tP w ; w pUg; g hh; ; ifapy; jhkiu Ve; j papUg; g hh; ; Nghfpaha; ,Ue; J caph; f ; F g; Nghfj; i jg; Ghpjy; ,iwtd; jd; i kahjypd; , cyfpy; ,y;tho;f;if elj;jw; nghUl;L KUfd; ts;spak;ikahnuhL jd; xU jpUKfj;jhw; Ngrp, kfpo; e ; J mkh; e ; j pUf; f pd; w hd; . fphpahrf; j pahfpa nja;thidak;ik nre;epwk; tha;e;jth;; KUfdpd; ,lg;ghy; tpsq;Fgth;; fUq;Ftis kyiuf; ifapy; Ve;jpapUg;gth;. KUfdplk; mike;j %d;whtJ rf;jp Qhdrf;jp. mJNt NtyhAjkhf tpsq; F fpd; w J. nty; Y k; jd;ikAilaJ Nty;; vy;yhtw;iwAk; nty;tJ mwpthw;wy;. mwpT MoKk;, $h;ikAk; cilaJ. “rf;jpjd; tbNt njd;dpy; jilapyh QhdkhFk;” vd;gJ rptQhdrpj;jpahh; thf;F. QhdNk mQ;Qhdj;ij nty;yty;yJ.

topghL

xU ehkk; XUUtk; xd; W kpyhh; f ; F Mapuk; jpUehkk; ghbg; guTtJ topghL. topghl;bw;Fhpa Kjy; mq;fkhfj; jpfo;tJ ,iwtd; jpUTUtk;. ,g;gbad;, ,e;epwj;jd; vd;W vOjpf; fhl;nlhzh ,iwtid ek; Kd;Ndhh; vg;gbnay;yhk; fz;L kfpo;e;J tzq;fp ekf;Fk; fhl;br; nrd;Ws;sdh; vd;gij epidf;Fk;NghJ tpag;ghfNt cs;sJ. ,iwtd; jdJ ngUq;fUizahy; Ntz;Lthh;f;F Ntz;Lk; tbtq;fspy; jpUf;fhl;rp je;jUspaNjhL, mf;Nfhyq;fspy; jd;id topgLNthh;f;Fk; vd;Wk; mUisr; nrhhpfpd;whd;. ,JNt ,e;J rkaj;jpd; jdpr; rpwg;Gk; khz;Gk; MFk;.

‘];fe;j’ nrhy; tpsf;fk;

,t; T yFf; F ve; e hSk; mUs; Ghptjw; f hf ntspg;gl;l xU kpd;dy; rf;jpNa KUfd;. ‘];fe;j’ vd;w tlnkhopr; nrhy;Yf;F ‘ntspg;gLjy;’ vd;W nghUs; . Nkfj; j pypUe; J kpd; d y; ntspg; g Ljy; Nghd; W rptN[hjpapypUe; J ntspg; g l; l MW nghwpfs;, MWKfRthkpahf ‘];fe;jd;’ vdg;ngah; nfhz;lJ. MfNt rptrf;jp N[hjpapy; [dpj;j Ngnuhspg; gpok;ghf KUfd; jpfo;fpd;whd;. mtd; guhf;fpukrhyp. NguUl; rf;jp tbtpdd;. Qhd gyKk; KUfDf;Nf mjpfk; vd;W fhl;lNt rptngUkhDk; KUfNtsplk; cgNjrk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. jPg;nghwpahfj; Njhd;wp, thdpypUe;J thAthy; Rke;J tug;ngw;W fq;ifapy; tplg;ngw;W, rutzg; ngha;ifapy; tsh;e;j KUfd; jP, thd;, thA, ePh;, g+kp vd;Dk; Ik;g+jj; njhlh;Gilatdhfj; ïªJ xË

KUfDf;F %d;W kapy;fs;

KUfd; vd;wTld; mtdJ kapYk; NrtYk; ek; fz; Kd; epw;fpd;wd. KUfDf;F %d;W kapy;thfdk; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jpuDk; kapyhf KUfidj; jhq;fpdhd;. R+ud; mope;j gpd; mtdJ xU ghjp kapyhfpaJ. kapy; jdJ mofhy; ahtiuAk; kaf;fty;yJ, vdNt mjid khia vd;gh;. Nrty; Ch;j;Jt khia, kapy; mNjh khia. Nrty; ehj jj;Jtk; vdpy; kapy; tpe;J jj;Jtk;. ehjk; xyp tbtpdJ, tpe;J xsp tbtpdJ. tpe;J jj;Jtk; Mfpa kapy; 16

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

f[thfdd;, rutzgtd;, fhh;j;jpNfad;, Fkhud;, rz;Kfd;, jhufhhp, Nrdhdp, gpuk;krh];jh, ts;sp fy; a hzRe; j uh; , ghyRthkp , fpnusQ; r Ngjdh; , rpfpthfdh; vd Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. ikR+h; fpU\;zuh[h vd;gth; njhFj;j “=jj;t epjp” vd;w E}ypy; gjpNdO tbtq;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. mjpy; rdj;Fkhu g;ur;d Fkhuje;jpuk; vd;w rpw;g E}ypy; $wg;gl;l gjpdhW tbtq;fSld; NtyhAj Rg;ukz;ah; vd;w tbtKk; Nrh;e;Js;sJ.

fz; ftUk; xspAilajha;g; gytif epwq;fisf; nfhz;L jpfo;jy; fhzyhk;. Njhifia tphpj;J MLk; kapypd; Njhw;wk; Xq;fhuk; Nghy; xsph;jy; gw;wpNa “Xq;fhuj;Js;Ns KUfd; cUtq;fz;L J}q;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;” vd;W fe;j Guhzk; $Wfpd;wJ. Nrty; mwpahik ,Uisg; Nghf;fp nka;awpthfpa xspiag; gug;Gk; KUfdpd; nfhbahfp tpsq;FtJ nghUj;jNk. itfiwapy; Nrty; $Tjy;, Xq;fhu ke;jpuj;ij xyp tbthy; cyFf;F czh;j;JtjhFk;. KUfg; ngUkhd; Nrtw; nfhb Ve;jp ek;iknay;yhk; rptQhdg; Ngnuhspiaj; Ja;f;fr; nra;jUSfpd;whh;.

jpUg;Gfopy; KUfd;

mUzfphpehj Rthkpfs; KUfg; ngUkhidg; ghbAs; s ghq; f py; fhZk; N ghJ , KUfNtspd; tbtq;fisf; fPo;f;fz;lthW gphpj;Jf; Fwpg;gplyhk; Foe;ij tbtq;fs;:- ghyRg;ukz;ad;, fhq;Nfad;, fhh; j ; j pNfad; , Foe; i jNtyd; , rutzgtd; , ];fe;jd;. gpukrhhp tbtq;fs;:- Njrpf Rg;ukz;ad;, FUgud;, Qhdrf;jpjud;. jt tbtk;:- Nahfhrhh;a %h;j;jp. guhf;uk tbtq;fs;:- m[h&lh;, gpuk;krh];jh, tpy;Nye;jpa Ntyd;, f[h&lh;, Nrdhjpgjp, rpfpthfdh;, jhufhhp, fpnusQ;rNgjdh;, rfyfyhty;yg %h;j;jp, tuhN`hd;kj;j gq;f%h;j;jp. NjtpaUld; $ba tbtq;fs;:- NjtNrdhjpgjp, ts;sp fy;ahz%h;j;jp, rz;Kfh;, Fkhuh;. gpw tbtq;fs;:- Ffd;, `;Ujafky %h;jj ; p(,jaj; jhkiuapy; tpsq;Fgth;), rptid topgLk; KUfd;, ; p (ahfk; Nts;tpiaf; rjhrpt %h;jj ; p, ahful;rf%h;jj ; p, eld%h;jj ; p, mfj;jpaUf;F fhg;gth;), tpRt&g %h;jj cgNjrk;. jy%h;j;jpfs;:- rpjk; g uk; tbtq; f s; , fhQ; r p Fku tbtq;fs;, rPh;fhop jpUQhdrk;ge;j KUfd;, jpUr;nre;J}h; tbtq;fs; (miy thAfe;j ngUkhs; Fkhutplq;fh;), jpUj;jzpif tbtq;fs;, jpUg;goep tbtq;fs;, jpUtUiz tbtq;fs; vd;W jpUg;Gfopy; mUzfphpehjh; KUfdJ tbtq;fisg; Nghw;Wfpd;whh;.

gy;NtW tbtq;fs;

KUfDila gy; N tW tbtq; f s; gw; w pAk; Nfhapy;fs; gw;wpAk; gz;ila tlnkhopg; Guhz E}y; f spYk; Mfkq; f spYk; tphpthff; fhl; l g; ngw;Ws;sd. Fg;jh; fhyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j “gpu`j; ]k;`pij” vd;Dk; E}y; (fp.gp. 5Mk; E}w;whz;L) KUfid ,isQdhf kapy; kPJ mkh;e;j Nfhyj;jpy; ifapy; NtYld; tpsq; F khW mikf; f Ntz; L k; vd; W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. “tp\;Z jUNkhj;juk;” vd;w Ehypy; KUfNts; MWKfq;fSlDk; ,lf;ifapy; ntw;wpf; nfhbAk; NtYk; nfhz;ltdhfTk; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. “rkuq;fd R+j;jpujhuk;” vd;w E}ypy; KUfd; mofpa ,sk; gps; i sahf xU Kfk; my;yJ MWKfq;fs; nfhz;ltdhff; fhl;lg;gLfpd;whh;. rptGuhzj;jpy; KUfNts; ehd;F fuq;fs; nfhz;ltuhff; fhl;lg; ngWfpd;whh;. “Fkhu je;jpuk;” vd;w E}ypy; KUfg; ngUkhDf;Fj; jpUf;Nfhapy; mikf;Fk; tpjk; gw;wp tphpthff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. “ jpahduj; d htsp ” vd; w E}ypy; KUfd; tbtq;fis %d;W tifahff; fhzyhk;. mth; rhj;Jtpf tbtk; Vw;Fk; NghJ xU KfKk;, ,U fuq;fSk; nfhz;L jpfo;fpd;whh;. mtuJ fuq;fspy; rf;jp MAjKk; jhkiuAk; jpfo;fpd;wd. mtuJ ,uh[] tbtj;jpy; xU KfKk;, ehd;F fuq;fSk; KiwNa t[;uk;, rf;jp, mga tujk; vd;w epiyapy; mikfpd;wd. jhkr tbtj;jpy; MWKfKk; gd;dpU fuq;fSk; nfhz;L fhl;rpaspf;fpd;whh;. rf;jp, t[;uk;, ths;, jphpR+yk;, ghrk;, jDR, rf;fuk;, Nflak;, Ff;Flk;, mq;Frk; Mfpa MAjq;fSld; ,U fuq;fs; mga tujkhfj; jpfo;fpd;wd. “ rdj; F khu gpur; d Fkhuje; j puk; ” vd; w E}ypy; KUfdJ gjpdhW tbtq;fs; Qhdrf;jpjud;, ];fe;jd;, mf;dp[hjh, nrsuNgad;, fhq;Nfad;, rutzgtd;, fhh;j;jpNfad;, Fkhud;, rz;Kfd;, jhufhhp, Nrdhgjp, Ffd;, gpuk;krhhp, rptNjrpfd;, fpnusQ;rjhhp, rpfpthfdh; vdf; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. NguwpQh; b. V. Nfhgpehjuht; mth;fs; Fkhuje;jpuk; vd;w E}ypy; kw;nwhU tifahd gjpdhW tbtq;fis rf;jpjud;, ];fe;jd;, NjtNrdhjpgjp, Rg;ukzpad;, ïªJ xË

KUfdJ Vida tbtq;fs;

KUfdJ Vida tbtq; f Ss; xd; w hd Qhdrf;jpjud; vd;gJ Qhdrf;jpia jhpj;jtd; vd;W nghUs;jUk;. jpUj;jzpif %yth; Qhdrf;jpjuh; tbtkhFk;. KUfd; “]; f e; j d; ” vd; W tlnkhopapYk; , “fe;jd;” vd;W jkpopYk; Nghw;wg; ngWfpd;whd;. KUfd;, ];fe;jd; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F ntspg;gLgtd; vd;W nghUs;. Rthkpkiyapy; Rthkpehjg; ngUkhd; fe;jRthkp tbtkhf fhl;rpaspf;fpwhh;. epd;w Nfhyj;jpy; xU KfKk; ,U fuq;fSk; nfhz;lth; fe;jRthkp. tyf;fuj;jpy; jz;lhAjKk; ,lf;fuk; Fsq;fj;jpYk; (,Lg;gpy; Cd;wpathW) cUj;jpuhf;fk;, kzptlk; mzpe;J Nfhtzjhhpahf tpsq;Ffpwhh; vd;W Fkhuje;jpuk; fhl;LfpwJ. 17

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

tbitj; jzpifg;GuhzKk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. kq;fyk;, xsp, nfhil, rj;Jtk;, tPuk; Mfpa NgWfis ,k;%h;j;jpia topglg;ngw;W ,d;Gwyhk;. fhh;j;jpifg; ngz;fshy; tsh;f;fg;ngw;wjhy; fhh;j;jpNfad; vd;W Nghw;wg;ngWk; KUfd;, tl ,e;jpahtpy; ngUk;ghYk; ,g;ngahpNyNa miof;fg; ngWfpd; w hd; . MWKfq; f Sk; MW fuq; f Sk; nfhz;l fhh;j;jpNfad; tbtj;jpy; rf;jp , ths;, Fyprk; (tr;rpuk;), Nflak; Mfpa MAjq;fSld; ,U fuq;fs; mga tujkhfTk;, VO QhapW tz;zKld; tpsq;FtjhfTk; Fkhuje;jpuk; $WfpwJ. jzpif GuhzKk; ,t; t btj; i jNa fhh; j ; j pNfadhff; fhl;LfpwJ. Rthkp vd;w nrhy;Yk; Fkud; vd;w nrhy;Yk; KUfidNa Fwpg;gd. Fkud; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F kyg;gpzpia mopg;gtd; vd;W nghUs;. Mztkyk; ePf;fk; ngw ,g;ngUkhid tzq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. KUfNts; mbahh;fSf;F mQ;RKfk; (,Lf;fz;) Njhd;Wk; Nghnjy;yhk; jkJ MWKfk; nfhz;L MWjy; je;jUs; Ghpfpd;whd;. ,iwikf; Fzq;fs; MW. Qhdk;, IRthpak;, jpU, tPhpak; ituhf;fpak;, Gfo; vd;w MWk; mtuJ Kfq;fshfj; jpfo;fpd;wd. MWKfg; ngUkhd; jkJ tyg;gf;fj;jpy; ts;spak;ikahiuAk;, ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; nja;thidak;ikahiuAk; kapy;kPJ ,th;eN; jh cldpUf;fNth mike;j Nfhyk; ,t;tbtk;. MWKfg; ngUkhd; gd;dpU fuq;fspYk; nfhz;l MAjq;fs; MW tiffspy; NtWgLfpd;wd. ef;fPuh; jpUKUfhw;Wg;gilapYk;, FkuFUgu Rthkpfs; fe;jh; fypntz; g htpYk; , mUzfphpehjh; jpUg; G fopYk; MWKfr; rpwg;G mUikahf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkJ QhdNtyhy; KUfNts; jhufid mopj;J, khiaia ntd;W mUs;Ghpe;j NfhyNk jhufhhp. Fkhuje;jpuk; ,t;tbit MWKfk;, gd;dpU fuq;fSlDd; fhl;LfpwJ. ,k;%h;j;jpia topgl;L cyf khiaapypUe; J tpLglyhk; . R+ugJkid ntw;wp nfhs;sj; Njth; gilfSf;Fj; jiyikNaw;w KUfd;, Nrdhjpgjpahd Nfhyj;jpy; MWKfKk; gd;dpU fuq;fSld; jpfo;fpwhh;. NghhpYk; ge;jaj;jpYk; ntw;wpngw ,k;%h;j;jpia topgLjy; mtrpak;. gilg;Gj; njhopy; nra;Ak; ehd;Kfd; (gpuk;kd;) nfhz;l nrUf;if mlf;fp KUfd; jhNd gpukdJ gilg;Gj; njhopiy Nkw;nfhz;l NfhyNk gpuk;krh];jh (gpuk;kidj; jz;bj;jth;) vdg;gLk;. Fkhuje;jpuk; ,f;Nfhyk; xU Kfk;, ehd;F fuq;fs; nfhz;ljhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. gpuk;krh];jh tbtj;ij topghL nra; N thh; gpuk; k tpj; i jfs; iftug; n gw; W r; rfyfyhty;ytdhf, mwpthsdhfj; jpfoyhk;. KUfg; ngUkhdJ jpUg;ngah;fSs; “ts;spf; fztd;”, “ts;sp kzhsd;”, “ts;spf;fhe;jd;” Mfpait kpfr; rpwg;ghdit. cyfpy; ,y;tho;f;if ,dpJ elj;jw; nghUl;Nl, KUfd; ts;spak;ikia kze; J nfhz; L mtSld; ,dpJwg; Ngrp

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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

fy;ahzf; Nfhyj;jpy;, nts;isahil cLj;jpf; fhl;rpaspg;gjhfTk;> gpuk;rhhp tbtpy; KUfNts; xU KfKk;, tyf;ifapy; jz;lhAjKk;, ,lf;ifapy; t[;urf;jpAk;, jiyapy; FLkpAk; ,ilapy; KQ;rpg; Gy;yhyhd miuQhZk; nfhz;L jhkiu kyh;kPJ vOe;jUStjhfTk; =jj;tepjp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. rptFUthfj; jpfOk; Njrpf Rg;ukz;ah; tbtk; xU KfKk; MWfuq;fSk; nfhz;L ,U fuq;fspy; rf;jp MAjKk;, ml;rkhiy rpd;Kj;jpiu kw;Wk; mga tujkhfTk; fhl;rpaspf;f, vjphpy; rptgpuhd; khztuhf epw;f , mtUf;Fg; gpuzt cgNjrk; nra;thh;. ,uhkgpuhDf; F ‘Nfhjz; l k; ’ Nghy KUfg; ngUkhDk; tpy;Nye;jpa tbit ‘rk;`hu%h;j;jp’ vd;W rpw;g E}y;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. R+ugj;kd; kfd; ,uz;ahRuid mopg;gjw;F KUfd; nfhz;l Nfhyk; ‘,uz;ahRu rk;`hu%h;j;jp’ vd;gjhFk;. ,t;tbitj; jpUtpilf;fop KUfd; Nfhapypy; fz;L jhprpf;fyhk;. Rthkpkiyj; jpUf;Nfhapypy; gq;Fdp khjj;jpy; eilngWk; ‘Ntl&gf; f hl; r p ’ tpohtpy; KUfd; Ntldhfj; Njhd;wp ts;spia kzf;Fk; tbtk; mw;Gjkhd tbtkhFk;. Nryk; khtl;lk; NgSf;Fwpr;rp goepahz;lth; Nfhapy; %ytbtk; Ntl tbtNk. jiyapy; nfhz; i lAld; tyf; i fapy; NtYk; ,lf;ifapy; NrtYk; nfhz;l mofhd tbtk; ,J. m[h&lh; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; tbtpy;, KUfd; Ml;L thfdj;jpy; fhl;rpaspg;ghh;. fe;jGuhzj;jpy; $wg;gLk; nra;jpapd;gb, ,t;tbitj; jpUg;Ngh&h; fe; j rhkp Nfhapypy; mg+h; t khff; fhzyhk; . jpUr;nre;J}h;j; jpUf;Nfhapy; fe;jr\;bg; ngUtpohtpy; Ml;Lthfdj;jpy; KUfNts; gtdp tUtijf; fz;L ,d;Gwyhk;. jd;id ehb tUk; mbahh;fSf;F mUsKij toq;ff; ifapy; mKj fyrj;ij Ve;jpapUf;Fk; mw; G jf; Nfhyk; Nfhbf; f iu Fofh; Nfhapypy; fhzf;fpilf;fpwJ. xU KfKk; MW fuq;fSk; nfhz;l ,t;thpa mikg;ghdJ kapy;kPJ mkh;e;J ,U GwKk; Njtpah; GilR+of; fhl;rpjUfpwhh;.

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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

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“tzq;fp Ndhh;fs; jikg;ghh;j;J

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nry;tp `Nwhrdh n[arPyd; MrpupaH> mYj;tj;ij> jpfid.

gj;Jf;fuq;fSk; nfhz;L Xh; fuj;jhy; Ntypid Vtpa epiyapy; fhz;Nghiug; gpukpf;fr; nra;Ak; Nfhykhff; fhzg;gLfpwhh;. jpUg;guq;Fd;wj;jpy; J}z; rpw;gkhf mike;Js;s NjtNridj; jpUNkdpf;Nfhyk; fz;L ,d;Gwj;jf;fJ. KUfd; Njtahidapd; tyf; f uk; gw; w papUf; f mUfpy; NjNte;jpud; ngUikAld; jhiuthh;f;f, ,d;gj;ij mspf;Fk; fhl;rpapy; nja;thidak;ik jiyiar; rw;Wr; rha;j;J Xuf;fz;zhy; fe;jidf; fz;L fspg;gijAk;, Myk;g+h;f; fhl;rpr; rhiyapy; NjtNridia mizj;j epiyapy; mhpa fiyg;gilg;igAk;, tOt+hpy; nfshp fe;jidf; ifapy; Ve;jp kfpOk; moifAk; fhzyhk;. jpUf; f lt+hpy; ghpTld; nfshp nfhQ; R k; flk;gidAk;, gy;ytdPr;ruk; Nfhapypy; jhapdUfpy; mkh;eJ ; jz;foy; rpyk;Gld; nfhQ;rNt tUk; KUfd; moifAk; fhzKbfpwJ. ïªJ xË

jpUth&hpy; ePNyhw;gthk;gpif jpUf;Nfhapypy; mk;gpiff;F mUfpy; Nrb, KUfid mioj;Jtu mtd; ele;J tUk; moifr; rpw;gp fz;Kd;Nd nfhz;L te;J epWj;jpapUf;fpwhh;. fOFkiyapy; xU KfKk; MWfuq; f Sk; nfhz; L kapypy; fhl; r paspg; g Jk; , Fd; w f; F b , jpz;zpak; Nfhapy;fspy; KUfd;, ts;sp, Njtahid jdpj;jdpNa kapy;thfdj;jpy; fhl;rpaspg;gJk; mhpa fiyg;gilg;ghFk;. nrd; i dapy; jpUkapiyapy; KUfd; kapy; thfdj;jpYk;, ts;sp, Njtahid ,UtUk; jdpj;jdpNa ahidthfdj; j pYk; mkh; e ; J s; s mjprakhd Nfhyj;ij xg;gw;wjhf nrhd;dhy; kpifahfhJ. KOJk; mofpa Fkuidg; gytpj ftpd;kpF Nfhyq; f spYk; tbtq; f spYk; fz; L topgl; L ,d;GWNthkhf! 20

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

ey;iyf; fe;jid te;jid nra;Nthk; fyhG+\zk; jpUkjp ,uhN[];tup n[fhde;jFU

,uNjhw;rtjj;ijj; njhlu;e;J jP u ; j ; N jhw; r tk; ,lk; n gw; W kWehs; jpUkzj; jpUtpohthd G+q; f htdj; jpUtpohNthL ,dpJ epiwT ngWfpdw ; J. kWehs; itutg; ngUkhd; Kd; w pypy; itut kilAk; Nfhyhfykhf vz;zw;w mbahu; kj;jpapy; ,lk;ngWjy; kuG. ,t; t plj; j py; ,uNjhw; r tk; vd; w iof;fg;ngWk; Nju; j ;jpUtpohtpd; jj;Jtj;ij Nehf;FNthk;. Guhz tuyhw; w pd; g b xU fhyj; j py; #upa re; j puu; f isr; rf; f uq; f shfTk; > ehd; kiwfis FjpiufshfTk;> NkU kiyia tpyy ; hfTk;> tp\Z ; gfthid mk;ghfTk;> gpuk;khit rhujpahfTk;> gpuztj;ijr; rTf; f hfTk; nfhz; L vk; n gUkhd; vOe; j Usp jd; Gd; K Wty; xd; w hNyNa Kg; G uq; f is vupj; j Uspa “jpupGu rk;`huj;ij” Kk;kyq;fisf; nfLj;njhopf;Fk; cz;ikia ,e;j ,uNjhw;rtk; czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wJ. Nju; j ; j pUtpohtpd; Kbtpy; MWKfg; ngUkhd; Myaj;Js; jpUk;Gk; fhl;rp gRikahfTk; uk;kpakhfTk; mike; j pUf; F k; . ahTk; gr; i r kakhf fhl; r pjUk; MWKfg;ngUkhDf;Fr; rhw;wg;gLk; gr;irg;gl;L gl;nlhsp tPRk;. jpUj;njhq;fy; jpUf;Fil> jpUkhiyfs;> jpUthrp> jpUr;rpd;dq;fs; mj;jidAk; gr;ir tz;zkhf gRik xsp tPrp epwF ; k;. ,g;gr;ir rhw;Wk; itgtk; xU jj;Jtj;ij czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ rfy Md;khf;fSf;Fk; ru; t hDf; f pufk; nra; g tu; jhNd vd; g ijAk; rfy Md;khf;fSk;> rfy ed;ikfisAk; ngw;Wa;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; cz;ikAk; ,g;gr;ir rhw;Wk; itgtk; fhl;b epw;fpd;wJ. ,t;thya cw;rtj;jpd; G+q;fhtdj; jpUtpoh epiwT epfo;thf> Mya ee;jtdj;jpy; jpUf;fy;ahz itgtk; ,lk;ngw;W Kj;Jf;Fkhu Rthkp> ts;sp nja;tahid rNkjuha; kzthsf; Nfhyk; G+z;L tPjp cyh tUk; fhl;rp mw;GjkhdJ. ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myak; vd;wJk; vk; kdf; fz;Kd; Njhd; W td Myaj; j pd; tdg; G W NfhGuq; f Sk; mikjpahd ,lKkhFk;. ,f;fhl;rp ey;Y}iu ifyhakhf;fp tpLk; vd; W nrhd; d hy; kpifahfhJ. ,k; k q; f y tpohNthL ey;iyf; fe;jdpd; tUlhe;j cw;rtk; ,dpJ epiwT ngWk;.

y;Y}u; - ey;y Cu;. aho; efUf;Nfhu; mUs; mzpahf mikfpd;wJ ey;Y}u;. ey;Y}upd; ngUik> nrhy;Yk; jukd;W. ey;iyf; fe;jd; mUs; fhw;wpy; fye;J mUs; kzk; tPRk; ey;Y}u;. Nfhapw; fz;lhkzp mt;tg;NghJ vOg;Gk; ehj Xir efnuq;Fk; xypf;Fk; ey;Y}u;. tl ghy; rpj;ju;fshd nry;yg;gh RthkpfSk;> Nahfh; RthkpfSk; mUs; cyhte;j ey;Y}u; Mya tPjpapd; kz;Zk; mUs; kzf;Fk; ey;Y}u;.

rhu;e;jtu;f;Fr; rhfhtuk; nfhLf;Fk; ey;Y}iu tPo;e;njOe;J Fk;gpLtha; tpiue;J vd Nahfh; Rthkpfisg; ghlitj;j ey;Y}u;. me;epatuplkpUe;J> irtj;ijAk;> jkpioAk; fl;bf;fhj;j ehtyu; ngUkhd; tho;e;J ew;gzp Mw;wpa ey;y Cu; ey;Y}u;. ,j;jifa rpwg;Gf;fs; Vuhsk; nfhz;l ey;iyak;gjpapd; kFlkhf tpsq;FtJ mq;F mUs; xsp gug;gp epw;Fk; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myaj;jpd; kzpf;NfhGuKk; itutg; ngUkhdpd; Mya Kd;wypy; jz;zpoy; gug;gp epw;Fk; gRik epiwe;j Ntg;g kuKk; MFk;. vk; kdf;fz;Kd; Njhd; w p epw; F k; ,it KUf gf; j u; f isj; jk; g hy; <u;f;Fk;. ,it khj;jpukh? cw;rt fhyj;jpNy kQ;rs; xsp tPrp tPjpapNy gtdp tUk; kQ;rujKk;> mirAk; jq;ff; NfhGuk; Nghy; jq; f xsp tP r p tUk; jq; f ujKk; > tP i zf; nfhbNahd; ifiykiyiag; ngau; f ; f Kad;w mupa fhl;rpiar; rpj;jupf;Fk; ifyha thfdKk;> fz;izf; ftUk; fhu;j;jpNfadpd; G+Q;rg;gwKk;> Nju; cw;rtj;jpd; Kjy;ehs; gue;J cau;e;J tPjpia epiwj;J mire;J tUk; ngUQ; rg;gwKk;> ,uNjhw;rtj;jpd; NghJ rpd;dQ; rpW kzpfs; mire;jhb xypf;f mjd; tz;zj; jpUj;njhq;fy;fs; fhw;wpy; mira ,dpa ehj];tu Xir fhw;wpy; kpje;Jtu> nfhb> Fil> Mytl;lk; Kd;nry;y fhtb Rkg;NghUk;> fw;G+ur;rl;b vLg;NghUkhf KUfdbahu;fs; gpd;nry;y> IaDf;Fg; ghkhiy #l;Lk; Kfkhf g[idf; Nfh\;bapdu; xU GwKk;> fe;jg;ngUkhid neQ;rpy; Rke;j tz;zk; mb mspf;Fk; ngz;zbahu;fSk; mtu;fisj; njhlu;e;J mq;fg;gpujl;rzk; nra;Ak; Mzbahh;fSk; vd gf; j pkpF fhl; r papd; th; z id thh; j ; i jfspy; mlq;fhjitahFk;. ,t; t hya tUlhe; j cw; r tk; Mb mkhthirap ypUe; J Mwhk; ehs; nfhbNaw; w j; J ld; Muk; g khfp ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

nahf® RthÄfŸ g¡f«

ešiy¡ fªj‹ njuoÆš Phd cgnjr« bg‰w nahf® RthÄfŸ ešiy¡ fªj‹ Mya¤â‹

ït®, ã‹dhËš X® c‹dj PhÅahf, M‹Ûf¥ ngbuhËahf¤ âfœªjt®. ïj‰F« nkyhf xU Ól® gu«giu cUthtj‰F tÊfh£oahfÉUªj kfh‹ v‹W« brhšyyh«. nahf® RthÄfŸ ešiy¡ fªj‹ÛJ msÉšyhj g¡â bfh©oUªjt®. fªj‹ÛJ gy ghlšfis¥ ghoÆU¡»wh®. ešiy¡ fªjÅ‹ tUlhªj knfh‰rt« eilbgW« ï›ntisÆš fªj‹ òfœTW« nahf® RthÄfË‹ ghlšfis ïªj¥ g¡f¤âš btËÆLtJ bghU¤jkhf ïU¡F«.

njuo¡F xU jÅ¤Jt áw¥ò©L. M‹Ûf K¡»a¤Jt« thŒªj ïlkhf mJ kâ¡f¥gL»‹wJ. ešÿ® njuo¢ á¤j® vd irt¥ bgUk¡fshš ngh‰w¥g£lt® bršy¥gh RthÄfŸ. ïtÇlÄUªJ ïnj njuoÆš Phd cgnjr« bg‰W¡ bfh©lt®jh‹ nahf® RthÄfŸ. bršy¥gh RthÄfis jdJ FUthf V‰W¡ bfh©l

ešÿuh‹ âUto

ešÿ® åâÆš

ešÿuh‹ âUtoia eh‹ Ãid¤j kh¤âu¤âš všyh« kw¥ngdo - »Ëna! ïuî gfš fhnzbdo.

gšyÉ vªehS« ešÿiu ty«tªJ tz§»dhš ïl®fŸ všyh« nghnk.

M‹kh mÊahbj‹W m‹bwd¡F¢ brh‹d bkhÊ eh‹ kwªJ nghntndho - »Ëna! ešÿuh‹ jŠr bko.

mDgšyÉ mªehËš Mrh‹ mUªjt« brŒjïl« mJthjyhny mâra« bk¤j c©L. (vªehS«) ruz« ntjhªj á¤jhªj« f‰wjdhš v‹d nto¡if¡ fijfŸ ngádhš v‹d åâÆš tªbjhU¡fhš ÉGªJ F«ã£lhš Éšy§f« všyh« ïšyhk‰ nghnk. (vªehS«)

njt® áiw Û£l bršt‹ âUtofŸ fhtš vd¡fh bko - »Ëna! ftiybašyh« nghFbko. v¤bjhÊiy¢ brŒjhby‹ Vjt¤ij¥ g£lhby‹ fªj‹ âUtofŸ - »Ëna! fhtš m¿ªâ blo.

r¤âa« bghWik rhªj« ml¡f« Ã¤âah Ã¤âaª bjÇí« Ãòz® k¤âbrŒ c¤jk® guî« ešÿÇš Ã¤âa« tªJgh®¤jhš K¤â Ã¢rank.

gŠr« gil tªjhY« ghbušyh« btªjhY« mŠRtnkh eh§fbso - »Ëna! MWKf‹ jŠrbko.

(vªehS«)

RthÄ nahf ehj‹ brh‹dâU¥ gh£ilªJ« óÄÆ‰ brh‹dhbyo - »Ëna! bghšyh§F ÔUbko.

ešÿ® KUf‹ gšyÉ ešiyÆš thrh Phd¥ ãufhrh. mDgšyÉ ešy bjŒthid tŸËa«ik rnkjh euhRu® gÂ Phdg©o jhguh

ešÿuh‹ fh£á bfhL¥gh‹

(ešiy) ruz« eh‹ c‹id e«ãnd‹ ešFuîãÂ eÈahkš bkÈahkš mUŸjªJ msthŒ njDªJ nt§ifahŒ âid¥òd« Ã‹wid $uhk‹ kUfns KUfnd »Ughfuh (ešiy)

ešy kybuL¤J ešÿiu eho¥nghŒ ešy kd¤njhL eh«gÂªjhš - ešykÆš V¿tªJ fh£á bfhL¥gh‹ vÊšKUf‹ nj¿ÉL« áªij bjË! bjËínk Ã‹áªij brštdUŸ bgh§» tÊínk jhdt®fŸ thndh® - xÊÉ‹¿ tªJ tz§F« tsŠnrU« ešÿÇ‰ fªjbtd¢ brhšÈ¡ fUJ! ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

ðððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððð

fªjòuhz« njh‹¿a tuyhW ðððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððð

kWehŸ rig ToaJ. m¥nghJ xU òyt® ntl¤âš KUf‹ tªjh‹. âfœ jr¡fu« v‹gJ âfl r¡fu« v‹W Mtj‰FÇa ïy¡fz« ïJ v‹W åunrhÊa¤âš cŸs xU N¤âu¤ij vL¤J¡ fh£odh® tªj òyt®. åunrhÊa¤âš mj‰F ïy¡fz Éâ ïU¡»wJ. mªj üÈš rªâ¥ gly¤âš gâidªjhtJ N¤âu¤âš, “v©Âu©lhŒ¤ njh‹Wlš ã‹d®¤ jfhu« tÇ‹ ïu©L« bjhl®ghš, M‹w Iªjh« clš M«; K‹ãš x‹W¡F mÊîK©nlh” v‹W tU»wJ. Hfu«, sfu« ïu©o‹ K‹D« jfu« tªjhš lfu« MF« v‹W mªj¢ N¤âu« brhš»wJ. ïjid¢ nf£lîl‹ bghwhik¡fhu® thŒ ml§»dh®. ïªj¢ brŒâia¤ âU¥òfÊš mUz»Çehj®, “kUî òytdh® fÉ¡FnsáW tGt jiwkfh rig¡Fns»na tifa bgaujh ïy¡fzhÉâ bkhÊnthnd.” v‹W«, “K‰g£l ïy¡fz üÈil j¥ò‰w fÉ¡bfd ntmit K‰g£L òJ¤Jiw kh¿a òynthnd.” v‹W« ghL»wh®. mªj¡ fhy¤âš všnyhUnk f¢áa¥g áthrhÇahiu¥ ghuh£o ïªj¡ fh¥ãa¤ij¤ bjŒt r«gªj« cilaJ v‹W ngh‰¿dh®fŸ. ïj‰F xU áw¥ò¥ ghÆu« ïU¡»wJ; “c¢áj khŠát ntâa‹” v‹W bjhl§F« mJ, “fhs¤â X§Fikªj‹ f¢áa¥g‹” v‹W f¢áa¥g áthrhÇahiu¢ brhš»wJ. gH§fhy¤âš gh‰fliy¤ njt®fŸ filªjnghJ mâÈUªJ âUkfŸ vGªjhŸ; rªâu‹ njh‹¿dh‹; mKj« c©lhÆ‰W. mij¥ nghy¡ f¢áa¥g áthrhÇah® ghoíŸs fªjòuhz¤âÈUªJ fšÉah»a rªâuD«, bt©jhkiu nkî« ruRtâí«, nf£»‹w brÉ¡F« ghL»‹w ehî¡F« ï‹g« jU« mÄœjK« vGªjd v‹W mªj¢ áw¥ò¥ ghÆu« brhš»wJ. “c¢áj khŠát ntâa‹ fhs¤â X§Fikªj‹ f¢áa¥ g‹brŒj fªjòuhz¡ fiy¡flÈš bk¢áa fšÉ kâí«bt© lhkiu nkîÄ‹D« ï¢brÉ ehÉD¡ »‹gh« mKJ« vGªjdnt.” (átntâa‹ - Mâirt®. ï‹gh« mKJ« - ï‹gkh»a mÄ®jK«) ahœ¥ghz¤âš ïuhkhaz¤ij Él¡ fªj òuhz¤â‰F¢ áw¥ò mâfkhf ïU¡»wJ. fªjrZoÆ‹ nghJ fªjòuhz¥ ghliy¥ ghl¢ brhšÈ¡ nf£gh®fŸ. mj‰F¥ ga‹ brhštJ v‹w xU Kiw ïU¡»wJ. x›bthU gh£o‹ rhu¤ijí« brhšÈ¡bfh©L tUth®fŸ. ahœ¥ghz¤âny njh‹¿, irt rka¤ij Ãiy eh£oa MWKfehty® ïªj Kiwia Mu«ã¤jh®. eh‹ ahœ¥ghz¤â‰F¥ gyKiw br‹W tªjt‹. Mfnt ïªj Kiwia eh‹ nf£oU¡»nw‹.

ªjòuhz« njh‰¿a fhy« 12-M« ü‰wh©L v‹W brhšth®fŸ. ïªj¥ òuhz¤ij¥ g‰¿ X® mHfhd tuyhW c©L. KUf¥bgUkhDila âUtUis K‹Å£L¡ f¢áa¥g áthrhÇah® ïij¥ ghl nt©Lbk‹W v©Âdh® mtUila jªijah® fhs¤âa¥g áthrhÇah®. fhŠáòu¤âš gy ng®fŸ, “KUf¥bgUkhÅl¤âš ïizÆšyhj g¡âíila Ú§fns fªj òuhz¤ij¤ jÄÊš ghl nt©L«” v‹W mtiu t‰òW¤âdh®fŸ. M©lt‹ âUtUŸ T£LÉ¤jhy‹¿¥ ghl ïayhJ v‹W mt® v©Âdh®. ‘ïij v¥go¥ ghLtJ?’ v‹W Ãid¤J¡ bfh©oUªj nghJ, ‘âfl r¡fu«’ v‹w bjhl® mrßÇahf¡ »il¤jJ. mij¡ nf£L, ïiwt‹ âUtUŸ ghÈ¤jh‹ v‹W Mdªj« bfh©L mijna bjhl¡fkhf it¤J¥ ghlyhdh®. všyht‰iwí« gho Ko¤j ãwF mu§nf‰w« el¤j V‰ghL MÆ‰W. xU üiy ïa‰¿a ãwF gy òyt®fŸ å‰¿U¡»w rigÆš mjid mu§nf‰w« brŒtJ mªj¡ fhy¤J tH¡f«. khbgU« òytU«, áwªj ïy¡fz¤ij ïa‰¿atUkhd bjhšfh¥ãa® mj§nfh£L Mrh‹ mitÆš j« ïy¡fz üiy mu§nf‰¿dh® v‹W bjÇa tU»wJ. gH§fhy¤âš v›tsî bgÇa òyt®fshf ïUªjhY« j«Kila üiy¥ òyt®fŸ ToíŸs rigÆš mu§nf‰w« brŒtJ v‹gJ tH¡fkhf ïUªJ tªâU¡»wJ. ïªj¡ fhy¤âš ïªj tiuaiw nghŒÉ£lJ. xU gh£il¥ gho, ïªj¥ gh£il¥ nghy ntW ah® ghLth®fŸ v‹W jhnk všnyhÇlK« ãurhu« g©Q»w gH¡f« ï¥nghJ V‰g£oU¡»wJ. fªjòuhz« fhŠáòu¤âš KUf¥bgUkh‹ vGªjUËÆU¡F« Fkunfh£l¤âš mu§nf‰w« MÆ‰W. mu§nf‰w« elªj k©lg« m¡ nfhÆÈš jÅahf ïU¡»wJ. f¢áa¥g áthrhÇah® Fkunfh£l¤âš m®¢rfuhf ïUªjt®. mt® m§nf fªjòuhz¤ij mu§nf‰w« brŒj nghJ mtÇl¤J¥ bghwhikíŸs xUt® Kjš gh£il¢ brhšY« nghnj jil T¿dh®. “âfl r¡fu¢ br«Kf ikªJsh‹” v‹W bjhl§F»wJ Éehaf® fh¥ò¥ ghlš. âfl r¡fu« v‹gij, âfœ jr¡fu« v‹W ãÇ¤J¥ bghUŸ T¿dh® áthrhÇah®. “sfu¤â‹ K‹ jfu« tªjhš lfukhtj‰F Éâ ïU¡»wJ. Hfu¤â‹ K‹ jfu« tªjhš lfukhtj‰F v§nf Éâ ïU¡»wJ?” v‹W mªj¥ bghwhik¡fhu® nf£lh®. “ïªj¥ gh£oš m›thW tªjJ jtW” v‹W brh‹dh®. m¥nghJ á¿J ka§»a f¢áa¥g áthrhÇah®, “ehis¡F mj‰F Éil brhš»nw‹” v‹W brhšÈ Ko¤J É£lh®. M©ltidna Ãid¤J m‹W gL¤âUªjh®. “v«bgUkhnd, Újhnd mobaL¤J¡ bfhL¤jhŒ? Ú vL¤J¡ bfhL¤j bjhlÇnyna jtW ïU¡»wJ v‹W xUt® brhš»wh®, ïJ Ãahªjhdh?” v‹W tUªâdh®. m¥nghJ, “ehisa âd« eh« tU»nwh«. Ú ftiy¥glhnj” v‹W fdÉš ïiwt‹ mD¡»uf« brŒjh‹. ïªJ xË

- ». th. #fªehj‹

(e‹¿ : fªjntŸ fijaKj«) 23

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

ehty® g¡f«

irt tuyhw;wpy; jdJ ,Ug;ig epiyepWj;jpa

ey;iy efh; ehtyh; jpUkjp ehr;rpahh; nry;tehafk;

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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

<oj;J ,e;Jg; gz;ghLk; Mlw;fiyAk; rpthDgtk; vq;Nf gpwf;fpdw ; Njh mq;Nf jhd; fiyfs; kfpo; f pd; w d vd; W nfhs; s g; g bd; ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; fiyfSf;Fg; Gdpjkhd nja;tf P j; Njhw;wk; fw;gpj;Js;sdu;. ehl;baf; fiyahdJ. Mj;kQhdk;> rpthde;jk; vd;gtw;iw kf;fSf;F mspj;J kdjpy; rhe;jj;ijf; nfhLg;gJld; ,e; J gz; g hL tpsf; F k; Kj; j p newpf; F top fhl;LtdthfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. NkYk; cUtkhfTk; mUtkhfTk; epd; W Mz;l ruhruq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; ,af;Fk; guk;nghUspy; Mlw; jj;Jtj;ijg; Gyg;gLj;jp epw;Fk; fiy tbtNk eldk;. Mlw;fiyapd; Clhf fhyk; fle;J jj;Jtg; nghUisf; fhzKbfpd; w J. ,f; f iy epiyNgWila nja;ttbtk;. ,J vf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; nghUe;Jk; Xir xOq;Fila re;jj;jpw;fika ,iwtd; mire; j hLk; nghOJ mz; l ruhruq; f s; midj; J k; ,aq; F fpd; w d. ,f; f iyia nghWj;jtiu rkaKk; jj;JtKk; gpupj;Jg; ghu;f;f KbahnjdthfNt fUjg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tpuz;Lk; fye;J ePf;fkw epw;Fk; nja;tPf fiyNa eldk; . ,e; e piyapy; rkaKk; jj;JtKk; ,ize;J ,e;J rka tpsf;fj;ij epidtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUk; tbtkhf eluh[u;

tpf; f pufk; gilj; j y; > fhj; j y; > mopj; j y; > kiwj;jy;> mUsy; vd;w Ie;njhopy;fisAk; tpsf;fp epw;gJld; ,iwtdpd; mt; Ml;lj;jpdhNyNa ,t; cyfKk; capu;fSk; ,aq; f pf; nfhz; b Uf; f pwJ vd; w jj; J tg; nghUisAk; tpsf;fp epw;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,e;j tifapNy “Ml;Ltpj;jhy; MnuhUtu; MlhjhNuh” vd;w thf;fpaj;jpw;fpzq;f mtd; MLfpd;whd; vd;Dk; rptdpd; jj;Jtj;ijAk; MliyAk; $WfpwhNu jpU%yu;. fiyAk;; topghLk; Nfhtpy; gz;ghl;by; ,uz; l wf; fye; J Nkd; i kaile; J s; s d vd Fwpg; g ply; kpifahfhJ. ,e; J f; f is nghWj;jtiuapy; nja;tf P j;ijAk; nja;tf P j;jpy; fiyiaAk; ,izj;J topgl;ltHfs; MthHfs;. NkYk; rpthfk topghl;bdhy; Myaq;fspy; ,irf; fiy> gz;zpir> thj;jpa ,ir> eldf;fiy> Mfpa fiyfSk; fhyk; NjhWk; rpwg;gilfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; fphpia KiwfSk; xU fiyahfNt jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; tsHr;rp ngw;wd.

jpUkjp m. fpUiguh[h

B.F.A (Hon), M.A, M.Phil.

eldj;Jiw> aho;g;ghz gy;fiyf;fofk;

ey;Y}Uk; ehtyUk; cyfk; xOq; F nfl; L ,Ue; j fhyj; j py; > KUfg; ngUkhd; cyfj;ij xOq;fhf;fp moF nra;a Ntz;b> mq;F te;J cjpj;jdd; vd;fpwJ fe;jGuhzk;. gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by;> ek; ehl;bYk; njd;dhl;bYk;> irtKk; jkpOk; eype;J> moptpd; tpspk;gpy; ,Ue;jNghJ irtKk; jkpOk; kPz;Lk; jiof;fTk; mtw;iw tpUj;jp nra;Ak; nghUl;Lk; ey;iyf; fe;jd;> MWKfehtyH ey;Y}hpy; cjpf;fj;> jpUtUs; ghypj;jUspdhH. me;epaH Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; irtj; jkpo;f; fy;tp> fyhrhuk; > gz; g hl; L f; $WfisAk; kP l ; n lLj; J mtw;iw tpUj;jpnra;tjw;Fj; jkJ cly;> nghUs;> cj;jpNahf tho;T> Mtp midj;ijAk; mh;gg ; zpjj ; tH. ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; mikg;igAk;> epj;jpa iekpj; j paq; f isAk; kw; W k; eilKiwfisAk; rpthfkq;fSf;Fk; Fkhuje;jpuj;jpw;Fk; mikthff; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lnkd ehtyH ngUkhd; nghpJk; Kad;whH. Nfhapy;fspy; kpUf gypapLjy;> Njtjhrpfs; ïªJ xË

eldkhLjy;> thzNtbf;iffs; Nghd;w Nfspf;iffs;> fspahl;lq;fs; vd;gd Mfk tpjpfSf;F Kuzhdit vd;gjhy; mtw;iw ehtyh; vjpHj;Jf; fz;ldq;fs; njhptpj;J te;jhH. gd;dpU jpUKiwfis Xjy;> Guhzgldk; nra;jy;> g[id> rkag; gpurq;fk;> $l;Lg; gpuhHj;jid> gz;zpir> irthrhuk;> xOf;fk;> jpUj; n jhz; L nra; j y; vd; g tw; i wNa ehtyH ngUkhd; Cf;Ftpj;;jhH. fe;jGuhz fyhrhuk; ehtyH ngUkhdpd; ngUKaw;rpahy; ey;Y}hpNy Cw;nwLj;J cynfq;Fk; Nkd;ik nfhs; irt ePjpahfg; gutp tUfpwJ. ey;Y}Hf; fe;jd; Myaj;jpw;F mUfhikapy; ehtyUf;F kzpkz;lgk; mikj;J Mq;F ehtyH rpiyia epWtp> mtiu epide;J> kjpj;J tzf;fk; nrYj;jp tUtJ Nghw;Wjw;FhpajhFk;.

- fyhepjp F. NrhkRe;juk; (jpU. it. NrhkNrfud; mth; f shy; njhFf; f g; g l; l <oj;J Myaq;fs; aho; khtl;lj; jpUj;jyq;fs; - ghfk; 1 E}ypypUe;J - khkd;w ntspaPL) 25

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

,iwgzp epw;Fk; ,e;J kf;fspd; cr;r epWtdk; fªijah Úyf©l‹

jiyt®, m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w«

vy;yhk; ty;y vk;ngUkhdpd; mUshy; ,e;ehl;L

gf;fgyid kwf;fKbahJ. ,d;W fyhepjp fkyehjd; ntspehL nrd; W tpl; l jdhy; Vida ,UtUk; > mWgjhtJ Mz;ilnahl;b ey;Y}H Gz;zpa G+kpapy;; (A+iy 31 Kjy; elf;Fk;) ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;il khkd;wk; elj;j vq;fSf;F topfhl;b msg;gupa gy cjtpfisr; nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. ,jw;F cjTk; VidNahUf;Fk; ed;wp. ,f;fl;lj;jpy; vkJ Nritfs; gw;wp RUf;fkhf vLj;Jf; $wp vkJ cld;gpwg;GfSf;fhf ehq;fs; Mw;Wk; gzpfisj; njhlUNthk;> vd;w cWjp nkhopiaAk; jUfpd;Nwhk;.

,e;J epWtdq;fspd; xd;wpakhf> ,e;J kf;fspd; cr;r epWtdkhf> ,e;J kf;fspd; Fuyhf MW jrhg;jq;fshf mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; “,iwgzp epw;f” vd;w mjd; ,yl;rpaj;Jf;fika gzpahw;wpa tuyhw;Wld; mWgjhz;L epiwitf; fz;Ls;sJ. vdf;F Kd; khkd;wj;ijj; jiyik jhq;fpa (1). gpugy rptpy; Nrit mjpfhupAk; caH];jhdpfUkhd mkuH rp. Fkhurhkp mtHfs;> (2). gpugy rptpy; Nrit mjpfhupAk; mikr;rUk; jpUf;NfjPr;ru jpUg;gzpf;Fj; jd; i dNa mHg; g zpj; j mkuH NrH. fe; i jah itj;jpaehjd; mtHfs;> (3). vd; je;ijapd; fy;Y} upj; Njhodhf tsHe;j caH ePjpkd;w ePjpaurH mkuH nghd;. =];fe;juh[h mtHfs;> (4). rl;lj;juzpfs; rq;fj; jiytuhf Gfo;ngw;w mkuH v];. NrhkRe;juk; mtHfs;> (5). vd;id xU rl;lj;juzpahf caH ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rj;jpag; gpukhzk; nra;tpj;J itj;j caH ePjpkd;w ePjpaurH mkuH tp. rptRg;gpukzpak; mtHfs;> (6). nfhOk;gpy; khkd;wj;jpw;F fhzpiag; ngw ngUk; ghLgl;l mkuH M. rpd;dj;jk;gp mtHfs;> (7). vOk;ghj khkd;wj; jiyikaff; fl;llj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtij Muk;gpj;j ngUikf;Fupa mkuH Nt. ghyRg;gpukzpak; mtHfs;> (8). ,U jrhg;jq;fshf khkd;w tuyhw;iw khw;wp ehd; nghJr; nrayhsuhf ,Ue;j ngUk; gFjpapy; vd;id topelj;jp> jd; jiyikia vd;dplk; xg;gilj;j kdpjNea khkzp ,iwrpNuhuj;jpdk; tp. fapyhrgps;is mtHfs; Nghd;w ngUkf;fis> vz;zpg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ rpwpNaDf;F ,e;j Mrdj;jpy; khkd;wj;jpd; mWgjhtJ epiwT fhyj;jpy; mkuj; jFjp NghjhJ vd;w gjl;lNk vdf;F Vw;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; vd;Dld; NjhNshL Njhs; epd;W ciof;Fk; rNfhjuHfs;> vq;fSf;F topfhl;Lk; Md;kPfr; RlH njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs;> ey;Y}H MjPd Kjy;tH kw;Wk; ,uhkfpU\;z kp\d; jiytH cl;gl;l FUkhHfs; Mya mwq;fhtyHfs; kdpjNea khkzp fapyhrgps; i s cl; g l; l ngupNahHfs; jUk; Cf; f Kk; MjuTk; kw; W k; ,e; e hl; b Yk; ntspehLfspYk; thOk; ,e;J kf;fs; vq;fSf;Fj; njhlHe;J jUk; ey;tho;j;Jf;fSk; ,iwgzp epd;W vkJ flikfis epiwNtw;w cjTfpd;wd. rpwpNad; xU njhz;ld; - rptnjhz;lh;fspy; njhz;ld;. khkd;w k; Ik; g jhtJ Mz; L G+Hj; j p nra; j NtisapYk; aho; kz;zpy; gy fy;tpkhd;fis mioj;J ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;il 2005 ,y; elj; j pNdhk; . irtQhdghD nrQ; n rhw; n ry; t H fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd;> NguhrpupaH ngUe;jif m.rz;Kfjh];> aho; Njrpa fy;tpaw; fy;Y}up gPlhjpgjp fyhepjp j. fkyehjd; MfpNahh; je;j ïªJ xË

Md;kPfg; gzpfs;

vkJ kf; f spilNa Md; k P f czh; i tAk; ,iwgf;jpiaAk; tsh;j;J mth;fis vkJ rka topapy; tho toptFf;Fk; gy gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;L te;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;W jpUg;jpAld; $w vq;fSf;F ,iwaUs; fpilj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. Mya topghl;il ikakhff; nfhz;l vkJ rkaj;jpy; kf;fis Md;kPf topghl;by; ,l;Lr; nry;tjpy; njhlh;e;Jk; Myaq;fs; tFf;Fk; Kf;fpa gq;if vtUk; kWf;fKbahJ. ,e;ehl;by; mur> ,uhZt MjuTld; mtpl;Ltplg;gl;l fho;g;GzHthy; gy Myaq; f s; fle; j %d; W jrhg; j q; f spy; mopf;fg;gl;ld> ghjpf;fg;gl;ld. mtw;wpy; gytw;iwg; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;a vkJ kf;fs; eltbf;if vLj;jhYk; muR jd; nghWg;ig epiwNtw;wj;jtwp tpl;lJ. mjidr; Rl;bf;fhl;b murplk; epthuzk; Nfhup te;jpUf;fpNwhk;.

r%fg; gzpfs;

gy;NtW topfspYk;> NtjidfshYk;> NrhjidfshYk; fle;j %d;W jrhg;jq;fSf;F Nky; thLfpd;w vkJ cld;gpwg;Gf;fSf;F cjtpfs; toq; F tjpy; khkd; w k; fz; Z k; fUj; J khf Nritahw;wp te;jpUf;fpwJ. kf;fs; Nghhpd; nfhLikahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l NghJ mth; f Sf; F epthuz cjtpfis toq; F tjpy; khkd;wk; Kd;Ndhbahf ,Ue;jJ. tlfpof;fpy; kf;fs; ,lk; ngah;e;jNghJ mth;fisj; Njb> ehb cjtp nra;Njhk;. Nghhpdhy; td;dpapypUe;J jtpj;J ntspNawpa kf; f s; > rpthr; r hhpahh; f s; > tNahjpgh; > jha; k hh; > Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk; gy;fiyf;fof khzth;fSf;Fk; jhkjpahJ Xbr; nrd;W ifnfhLj;J cjtpNdhk;. ,g;gbahfj; njhlh;e;J ,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; vd vkJ cld; gpwg;Gf;fs; fz;zU P k; fk;giyAkhf ,Ue;j Ntisnay;yhk; Xbr; nrd;W mth;fspd; grpiag; Nghf;f vk;khyhd cjtpfis toq;fpNdhk;. 26

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

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ehr;rpak;kd; - fpshd;> ethyp ,yq; i fapd; tlgFjpapy; ek; g pf; i f rhHe;J vOe;j fpuhkpa nja;t topghl;by; ngz; n ja; t q; f Sf; F rpwg; g hdnjhU ,lk; toq; f g; g l; b Uf; f pd; w J. NkYk; ,j; n ja; t topghLfs; gz;ilf;fhyk; KjNy fhzg;gl;bUj;jiy ,yq;ifapd; njhd;ikahd tuyhWfis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;w kfhtk;rk;> aho;g;ghz itgt khiy Nghd;w E}y;fsJ mbg;gilapy; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. ,t; Myaq;fs; Kiwahd Mfk topghl;L Kiwfs; jw;fhyj;jpw; gpd;gw;wg;gl;lhYk; $l ghuk;gupa rlq;FKiwfSf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jw;NghJ ,t; Myaq;fs; gpsi ; sahH> KUfd;> itutH> eluh[H Nghd;w gupthu nja;tq;fSf;Fk; re;epjpfs; mikf;fg;ngw;W> ,uh[NfhGuq;fs; epHkhzpf;fg;gl;L> kw;iwa Myaq;fisg; Nghd;W epj;jpa> iekpj;jpa> NjHj; jpUtpohf;fs;> myq;fhu cw;rtq;fs; elhj; j g; n gWfpd; w J. rlq; F fisg; Nghy gyNtW fiy mk;rq;fSf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tif rlq;FKiwfs;> mtw;wpd; gpd;dzp> $j;J Nghd;w fiyfs;> mit epfo;j;jg;gLfpd;w Kiwfs; Nghd;w gy;NtW tplaq;fis Kiwahd tpjj;jpy; vOj; J Utpy; Mtzq; f shf cUthf; F jy; vjpHfhyj;jpy; gpuNjrq;fs; rhHe;j tuyhWfs;> nja;ttopghL rhHe;j ek;gpf;iffs; vd;gtw;iw czHe; J nfhs; s cjTk; rhjdq; f shf mikAk;.

tpNtfhde;juh[h JyhQ;rdd; tpQ;Qhd gPlk; nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk;

khkd;w Kfhikg; Nguitapy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Kd;nkhopitj; njhlh;e;J md;iwa jiyth; kdpj Neakhkzp ,iwrpNuhuj;jpdk; tp. fapyhrgps;is ,yq; i fapYk; mT]; j pNuypah> mnkhpf; f h> ,q;fpyhe;J> fdlh Mfpa ehLfspYk; kdpj Nea epjpak; Muk;gpj;J khkd;w r%fg; gzpfSf;F epjpAjtp ngw;W je;jikiaAk; kwf;fKbahJ. vkJ cld; gpwg;Gf;fSf;fhf vq;fs; ,jak; vd;Wk; Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. 2006 Mk; Mz;by; ,jaj;jpy; Jthuk; vd;w Nrhfkhd rhpj;jpuj;Jld; aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J te;j MW taJr; rpWkpf;F nfhOk;G mg;gNyh itj;jparhiyapy; ,Ujar; rj;jpu rpfpr;iria mtru mtrukhfr; nra;a Mtd nra;J me;jr; rpWkpapd; capiuf; fhg;ghw;wpaJ khkd;w tuyhw;wpy; xU kfh Gz;zpakhd nray;. ïªJ xË

,g;gbg; gyg;gy kdpjNeag; gzpfis Mw;wpf;nfhz;L mLj;j jrhg;jj;jpy; fhyb vLj;J itf;fpNwhk;.

,e;J ,isQu; rKjhak;

Nghu; kw;Wk; ,uhZt eltbf;iffshy; ghjpg;Gw;w gps;isfs; kw;Wk; KjpNahu;fSf;fhd jq;Fkpl trjpfis Vw; g Lj; j pf; nfhLj; j jw; F Nkyhf mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; fle;j fhy Aj;j mdu;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfp 2009 Mk; Mz;L td;dpapy; ,Ue;J mdhjuthf te;j 275 aho; gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fis mutizj;J kdpjNea epjpak; kw;Wk; yz;ld; fdf Ju;f;if mk;kd; Myak; vd;gtw;Wld; ,ize;J mtu;fsJ fy;tp eltbf; i ff; f hf khje; N jhWk; epjpAjtpaspj; J te;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,t;Tjtpiag; gw;wp md;iwa

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

,e;jg; gpur;rpidiag; gyh; vkJ ftdj;jpw;F nfhz;L te; J ,f; i fNal; b d; Mq; f py nkhopngah; g ; i g ntspapLkhW Nfl;bUe;jdh;. ,jw;fika Mrphpia jpUkjp jpyfh tp[auj;jpdk; mth;fspd; fbd Kaw;rpahy; ifNal;bd; mbg;gilapy; Xh; Mq;fpy Mf;fj;ijj; jahhpj;J mj;Jld; rptGuhzk;> mgpuhkp me; j hjp> fe; j r\; b ftrk; > jpUg; n ghw; R z; z k; > jpUntk;ghit> rfyfyhty;yp khiy Mfpatw;wpd; nkhopngah;g;Gf;fSk; (Translations) Transliterations “A Compendium for Hindus” vd;w Mq;fpy kQ;rhpia vkJ itutpoh ntspaPlhf 06.03.2015 ,y; ntspapl;Nlhk;. ,e;j E}y; 4.4.2015 md;W mT];jpNuypah rpl;dp KUfd; Myaj;jpYk;> 19.04.2015 ,y; ,yz;ldpy; gphpj; j hdpa ,e; J Myaq; f spd; xd; w paj; j pd; khehl;bYk; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. rkPgj;jpy; Md;kf P r;Rlh; njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfspd; xOq;fpy; mnkhpf;fhtpy; rpf;fhf;NfhtpYk; ntspapl;L itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

aho; gy; f iyf; f of cgNte; j u; gfpuq; f khfg; ghuhl;baJld;> &gh ,uz;lhapuj;ij xNu ehspy; fhzhj vk; gps; i sfSf; F ,e; J khkd; w k; xOq;F nra;Js;s cjtp NgUjtpahFk; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;likiaAk; kwf;f KbahJ. NkYk; aho; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fspd; fy;tp eltbf;if fSf;fhf fzpdpfs; md;gspg;G nra;a eltbf;if Nkw;nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. fzdp %yk; vq;fs; khztHfs; rHtNjr uPjpapy; tsUk; mwpitg; ngwNtz;Lk; vd;gNj vkJ tpioT. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Md;kPfg; gz;ghLfis kwe;J etehfupf tho;f;ifahy; ftug;gl;L kJ kw;Wk; Nghijg; nghUl;fSf;F MshFk; vkJ ,sk; rKjhaj;ijf; fhg;ghw;WtJ vq;fs; vy;NyhupdJk; jiyaha flikahFk;. ,jpy; Fwpg;ghf aho; fy;tp r%fj; J ld; ,ize; J gzpahw; w Tk; khkd; w k; Kd;te;jpUf;fpwJ.

rptnjhz;lH mzpAk; irttpj;jfH gapw;rpAk;

khkd; w k; rptnjhz; l h; mzpia Muk; g pj; J ,jid gy ,lq;fspYk; ,aq;f itf;f Kaw;rpfs; nra;J nfhz;LtUfpwJ. ,jw;F vkJ kf;fsplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk; MjuTk; xj;Jiog;Gk; NghjhJ vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. rptnjhz;lh; mzpg; gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs; elj;jp tUfpNwhk;. ,isQh;fSf;F rhy;itAk; AtjpfSf;F fOj;Jg;gl;bfSk; nfhLj;J tUfpNwhk;. jpUf;NfjPr;ruj;jpy; rptnjhz;lh; mzp ,aq;Fk; kfpikiag; ghh;f;fyhk;. rptnjhz;lh; mzpfis epWtp ,af; f rfy mq; f j; J t rq; f q; f Sk; Myaf;FOTk; Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. irtQhdghD nrQ; n rhw; n ry; t h; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; nfsut ,af;Feuhf newpg;gLj;Jk; irttpj;jfh; gapw;rpia vkJ aho; gzpkidap;y; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;J Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpy; Muk;gpj;Njhk;. ,e; j gapw; r pia epiwTnra; j th; f Sf; F ,e; J rka mYty;fs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; mj;jhl;rpAld; mth; f Sf; F rhd; w pjo; f s; nfhLj; j pUf; f pNwhk; . ,e;jg; gapw;rpia njhlh;tJ Kf;fpak;. Mdhy; ,jpy; Nru vkJ ,sk; jiyKiwapdh; jaq;FtJ tUe;jj;jf;fJ.

fy;tpg; gzpfs;

vkJ khkd;wj;jpd; tuyhw;wpy; rpy iky; fw;fis khkd;wj;jpd; fy;tpg; gzpfs; gjpj;jpUf;fpd;wd. khkd;wf; fy;tpf;FO ehl;bd; gy gFjpfspYk; fy;tpf; fUj;juq;Ffis elj;jp te;jJld; ,e;ehl;L ,e;J kd;wq;fspd; gpur;rpidfis chpa ,lq;fSf;F vLj;Jiuj;J khkd;wk; Fuy; vOg;g top nra;jJ. Mz; l hz; L NjhWk; Mapuf; f zf; f hd ,ytr mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfq;fis mr;rbj;J khkd;wj;jhy; mwnewpg; ghlrhiy khzth; f Sf; F k; kw; W k; Njitahd khzth;fSf;Fk; vq;fspd; midj;J rq;fq;fs; %yk; toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

ntspaPLfs;

khkd;wk; ,e;J kf;fspd; rka mwptpid tpUj;jp nra;a ntspaPLfs; %yk; ey;ynjhU gzpia Mw;Wfpd;wJ. 19 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; “,e;J xsp” rQ;rpif xOq;fhf ntspte;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. fhyhz;bjohf Rlh;tpl;l ,e;J xsp rkPgfhyj;jpy; ,U khjq;fSf;F xUKiw ntsptUtJld; rpy tpNrl rpwg;Gkyh;fSk; ntspte;jpUf;fpd;wd. mWgJ Mz;Lfs; epiwT ngWk; ,r;rkaj;jpYk; Fiwe;jJ ,U njhFjpfisf; nfhz;l rpwg;G kQ;rup xd;iwAk; ntspapl xOq;Ffs; nra;JtUfpd;Nwhk;. me;j kQ;rhpapy; ,e;j khehl;by; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLk; Rkhh; vOgJ Ma;Tf; fl;LiufisAk; gpuRhpg;Nghk;. ,e;J kf;fSf;F xU ifNaL 2001 ,y; jkpopy; Kjypy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. mjd; jpUj;jpa gjpg;G 2006 ,y; te;jJ. cs;ehl;bYk; ntspehl;bYk; rkanewp tho;Tf;F cjt ,f; ifNal;il vkJ rNfhju rNfhjhpfSk; thq; F tjhy; gy kWgjpg; G f; f s; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;sd. ntspehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; vkJ ,sk; jiyKiwapdh; rpyUk; ,e;ehl;by; rh;tNjrg; ghlrhiyfspy; gbf;Fk; khzth;fSk; jkpo;nkhopapy; thrpf;f KbahJ ,Uf;Fk; Jh;g;ghf;fpa epiy fhuzkhf jkJ rkaj;ij Vd; jpUKiwfisf; $lg; gbf;fKbahJ ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ïªJ xË

eLj;jPHg;G ikak;

vkJ Myag; gpur;rpidfs; ePjpkd;wq;fSf;F nry;yf;$lhJ. eLj;jPh;g;G ikak; %yk; RKfkhf rka mwpTkpf;f vk;ktuhy; mg;gpur;rpidfis jPhf ; f ; Ntz;Lk; vd eLj;jPh;g;G ikaj;ij epWtp mjw;fhd tpjpfis Mf;fp ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,jid vkJ Mya eph;thfpfSk; Myaq;fSld; rk;ge;jg;gl;lth;fSk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

mq;fj;Jt rq;fq;fs;

vkJ mq;fj;Jt rq;fq;fs; ehlshtpa hPjpapy; gy kfj;jhd Nritfisr; nra;J tUfpd;wdh;. mq;fj;Jt rq;fq;fs; cjtpfs; Nfhhpa Ntisfspy; mtw;iw Muha;e;J KbAkhdtiu cjtp tUfpNwhk;.

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

njhFg;ghf ntspapl ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,Njghzpapy; fpof; F khfhzj; j py; XH Muha; r ; r p khehl; i l brk;gupYk;> mLj;j [dtupapy; nfhOk;gpy; rHtNjr kl;lj;jpy; xU khehl;ilAk; elj;j ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;ehl;L jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikapdH ,e;J kf;fs;. tlf;F> fpof;F> kiyafk; NtW gpuNjrk; vd;w NtWghbd;wp ehq;fs; vy;NyhUk; xd;W jpus Ntz;Lk; ,e;J kf;fSk; vy;NyhUk; khkd; w j; J ld; ,ize; J nrayhw; w tUkhW Nerf;fuk; ePl;b cq;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; ed;wp $wp epiwTnra;fpNwd;.

fl;llq;fSk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSk;

gy fl;llq;fis mikj;Jk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; nra;Jk; ehnly;yhk; vkJ ,e;J kf;fs; eyd; fUjp gy gzpfisr; nra;JtUfpNwhk;.

,e;J kf;fspd; Fuyhf

,e;j ehl;bd; ,e;J kf;fspd; Fuyhfj; njhlHe;Jk; xypj;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. mur rhHgw;w Kiwapy; vkJ kf;fspd; Njitfis murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; ntspehl;L J}jufq;fSf;Fk; vLj;Jf; $w khkd;wk; vd;Wk; jaq;ftpy;iy.

aho; kz; rptg+kpahf kpspuNtz;Lk;

(aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ele;j khkd;wj;jpd; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl; b d; Muk; g epfo; t pd; N ghJ> jiyik tfpj; j khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; Mw;wpa ciu)

,e; j NkilapypUe; J ciuahw; W k; N ghJ rpwpNad; xU jiytd; vd;w ,Wkhg;Gld; vOe;J epw; f tpy; i y. khkd; w j; j pd; rptnjhz; l h; f spy; xUtdhf njhz;lh;fSf;nfy;yhk; njhz;ldhfNt flikahw; w pf; nfhz; b Uf; f pNwd; . ntspehl; b y; gpwe;jhYk; %d;W tajpy; vd;id vd; ngw;Nwhh;fs; ,g;g+kpf;Ff; nfhz;Lte;jhh;fs;. ,q;Nf md;W epytpa fy;tpj; juj;jpd; cah;epiy> Md;kPf tho;tpd; rpwg;G> gz; g hLfs; epiwe; j r%fepiy KjypaitNa mjw;Ff; fhuzk;. ,q;Nf ghlrhiyfspy; fy;tp fw; W Myaq; f spd; R+oypy; xU fpuhkj; j py; tho;e;J tsh;e;jtd;. ,d;W mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; njhz;by; ,izaTk; ,r;rptg+kpapy; fw;witAk; ,g;g+kp tho;Tk; jhd; toptFj;jd. md;W Nrhoff;fhw;wpd; ,d;gj;ij mDgtpj;jtd; ,d;W ngUk; murpay; R+whtsp mbf;Fk; R+o;epiyapy; te;jpUf;fpNwd;. aho; kz;zpy; epyTk; ngUq;Fiwia aho; kz; z pd; ike; j d; vd; w chpikAld; vLj; J r; nrhy; y hky; ,Uf; f Kbatpy; i y. mfq; f huk; vy;Nyhhpd; jiyapYk; jiy J}f;fpahf;Ffpd;wJ. mjw;F ,d;iwa murpaYk; fhuzNkh vd;W $lj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. murpay; jiyth;fs; mfq;fhuj;ijj; Jwe;J gz;Gld; rNfhju czh;Tld; thoNtz;Lk;. mJ ,g;g+kptho; kf;fSf;F topfhl;bahf mika Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikahd Md;kPf tho;tpy; tsh;e;jth;fNs vkJ rKjhaj; i j topelj; j Kd; t uNtz; L k; . vdf;Nf vy;yhk; njhpAk; ehNd nghpa kdpjd; vd;w mfq;fhuf;Fk;gy; kiwaNtz;Lk;. vkJ kf;fis Fwpg;ghf ,isa rKjhaj;ij Nghijt];J> kJ kw;Wk; Jh;gg ; of;fq;fspypUe;J fhg;ghw;wNtz;Lk;. mJ vq;fs; jiyaha flik.



Myaq;fs;

,d; W <oj; j py; kl; L ky; y <oj; j pypUe; J Gyk; ngah;e;j vkJ kf;fs; thOk; ehLfspYk; vkJ rkaj; i jAk; Md; k P f czh; i tAk; tho itj; J f; nfhz; b Ug; g it Myaq; f Ns. vkJ ehl; b y; Mz; l hz; L fhykhf fl; l g; g l; l vkJ ,e; J Myaq; f s; gy mopf; f g; g l; b Uf; f pd; w d> Nrjg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. jpUke;jpuj;jpy; jpU%yh; nrhd;d Gdpj thpapid cjhrPdg;gLj;jp vk;ik Mste;j muRfs;> muRfspd; MjuTld; ,aq;fpa ,uhZtg;gilfSk; ,jw;F nghWg;G. kPzL ; k; kPzL ; k; ,bj;J ,bj;J khkd;wk; vLj;Jf;$wpAk; ,j;nja;tf P j; JNuhfr; nray;fs; vLj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;ld. murd; md;W mWg;ghd;> nja;tk; epd;W mWf;Fk; vd;W kl;Lk; nrhy;y tpUk;GfpNwd;. mope;j> Nrjg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,d; D k; GdUj; j huzk; nra; a g; g l Ntz; b a Myaq;fs; cldbahf GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl;L xOq;fhfg; g+irfs; elj;j toptFf;f Ntz;Lk;. ngUk; NfhGuq; f is xU rpy nry; t e; j h; f s; jq; f spd; ghuk; g hpa nrhj; J vd; w thpirapy; gyNfhbfs; nryT nra;J fl;LtjpYk; ghh;f;f> rfy fpuhkq;fspYk; Myaq;fs; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl;L g+irfs; elj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. ehd; rpwpa tajpy; jhprpj;j jpy;iyak;gyk; Nfhtpy; Nghd;witiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

rpthr;rhhpahh;fs;

Myaq;fspy; g+ir nra;ag; Nghjpa rpthr; r hhpahh; f s; ,y; y hjJ xU ngUk; Fiw. ,e;j khehl;bd; rpy mkh;Tfspy; ,e;jf; Fiwgw;wp vLj;Jf;$wg;gl;lJ. rpthr;rhhpahh;fs; rka mwpTk; fphpah tpjpfs; njhpe;jth;fshfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; gyh; tw;GWj;jpdh;. ,q;F nfsutpf;fg;gl ,Uf;Fk; rpt= kfhNjtf;FUf;fs; elj;Jk; ,Ztpy; jh;krh];jh FUFyk; rpwg;ghf elhj;jg;gl xU fhzpiag; ngw;Wj;ju kd;wj;jplk; Ntz;LNfhs; je;jpUf;fpwhh;. mjidr; rhjfkhf Mjhpj;J Kfhikg;

vy;NyhUk; xd;W jpus;Nthkhf

mWgjhtJ Mz;L G+Hj;jp rkaKk; ntWk; tpohf; f s; nfhz; l hl; l q; f isj; jtpHj; J ,e; J kf;fSf;F ed;ikjUk; topapy; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; fy;tpj;Jiwiar; NrHe;j fy;tpkhd;fspd; MjuTld; aho;. ey;Y}H JHf;fh kzpkz;lgj;jpy; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL elj;Jfpd;Nwhk;. vOgjpw;FNkw;gl;l Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufs; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;iw Mtzg;gLj;jp vjpHfhy re;jjpapdupd; eyd;fUjp vkJ mWgjhtJ Mz;L epiwT kyH ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

Nguitapd; mq;fPfhuj;ij NfhutpUk;GfpNwd;. ,f; FUFyj;jpw;F tlkhfhz Kjyikr;rh; MjuT ju xj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. ,e;J fyhrhu mikr;rUk; cjtNtz;Lk;. rpthr;rhhpah;fSf;F Nghjpa Ntjdk; fpilg;gjpyi ; y vd;w FiwghLk; gy ,lq;fspy; njhptpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mth;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; fhzpf;iffs; Nghjhjh? vd; W rpyh; Nfl; f pd; w dh; . Mdhy; mg; g bahd fhzpf; i ffs; fzprkhd mstpy; fpilg; g Jk; mhpJ. vdpDk; ehd; nrhy;Yk; xU fUj;J> me;jf; fUj;J gpur;ridia vOg;gyhk;. vd;whYk; khkd;wj; jiytuhf my;y xU jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; kdjpy; gLtij nrhy;y tpUk;GfpNwd;. rpthr;rhhpah;fs; g+rfh;fs; Kiwfspy; khw;wk; nra;af; $lhjh? irthfk Kiwg;gb Gdpj Kiwapy; tho;gth;fs; mJTk; Jwtpfshfp tho;e;j ahuha; ,Ug;gth;fisf; nfhz;l xU rpthr;rhhpahh; guk;giu gpwf;f top tFf; f $lhJ. ,uhkfpU\; z kp\d; Jwtpfs; Nghd;W g+rfh; Jwtpfs; cUthf;fg;glf; $lhJ. nysfPf tho;tpy; rpthr;rhhpahh;fs; ,Ug;gjhYk; mth;fspd; FLk;gj; Njitfspy; mth;fs; $lf; ftdk; nrYj;JtjhYk; etPd trjpfisAk; jk; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F nfhLf;Fk; mthtpy; mth;fs; jq;fSf;F tUkhdk; NghjhJ vd;w kdf;Fiw Vw; g LfpwJ. Mz; l tDf; F g+ir nra; t jpw; F Njitahd kdg;gf;Ftj;ij mJ ghjpf;ftpy;iyah? rpthr; r hhpahh; f Sk; Mya Kfhikj; J t mwq; fhtyh;fSk; aho; gy;fiyf;fof ,e;J ehfhPf gPlKk; kw;Wk; rka mwpQh;fSk; fy;tpkhd;fSk; Muha;eJ ; rpe;jpj;J xU KbTf;F tuNtz;Lk; vd;gNj vdJ tpUg;gKk; Ntz;LNfhSkhFk; rpthr;rhhpahh;fs; FUFyg; gapw;rpnewp %yk; jq;fs; mwpit tsh;ff ; jpl;lq;fs; jPlL ; q;fs;. me;jj; jpl;lj;jpw;F ehq;fs; vd;Wk; MjuT jUNthk;.

tpUk; g tpy; i y. tlkhfhzrigf; F mg; g bahd rl;lk; ,aw;w mjpfhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh? vd;W Ma;T nra;J> KbAkhdhy; tlkhfhz Clhf mjid Kd;ndLg;gjw;F topnra;Nthk;

Clfk;

Clfk; kf;fis ,d;W topfhl;Lk; xU Kf;fpa fUtpahfptpl;lJ. gfYk; ,uTk; njhlh; ehlfq;fis xypgug;gp VNjh vkJ rKjhaj;jpy; elg;gJ fw;gopg;Gk; nfhiyAk; vd czh;rr ; pfisf; fpsg;Gk; fhl;rpfis th;jj ; f Nehf;fj;Jld; nra;fpd;wd. vkJ ghuk;ghpaKk; gz; g hLk; fhg; g hw; w Ntz; L nkd; w hy; ,it epWj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. mjw;fhfj; jaq;fhJ Nghuhlj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpNwhk;. vkJ ,sk; rKjhaj;ij fhg;ghw;Wtjw;F ,J ,d;wpaikahjJ.

gz;ghL

vkJ gz;ghL vkJ kz;zpy; fhg;ghw;wg;glNtz;Lk;. jha;khh;fNs> ,sk;ngz;fNs kJ tpwF ; k; epiyaq;fis %l Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nghuhl;lk; elj;Jq;fs;. Nghijg; nghUl;fis ,sk; rKjhak; ghtpf;fhJ fz;Zk; fUj;Jkhfg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fspd; fztd;khh;fisAk;> gps;isfisAk; ftdpAq;fs;. ,jpy; Mrphpa rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; gq;F cz;L vd mDgtj;jpypUe;J $WfpNwd;.

,isQh;fs;

,isQh; f spd; Njitfis mjpfhuj; j py; ,Ug;gth;fSk;> ehq;fSk; epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;. ,isQh;fspd; Md;kPf mwpit Md;kPf czh;it tsh; j ; J Md; k P f g; g hijapy; <LgLj; j Ntz; L k; . rptnjhz;lh; mzpfspy; vy;NyhUk; Nrh;e;J ey;y ghijapy; Kd;NdWq;fs;.

gy;fiyf;fofk;

,k;khehl;by; vkf;F Mf;fg+h;tkhd Mjuitj; je;j gy;fiyf;foff; fy;tpkhd;fNs ,e;j khehl;ilg; Nghd; W NtWk; gy jpl; l q; f is epiwNtw; w p ifNfhh;j;J gzpahw;WfpNwhk;. etk;gh; 6, 7> 8 Mk; jpfjpfspy; gy;fiyf;fofk; elhj;Jk; rh;tNjr irt khehl;bw;F ehq;fs; vk;khyhd rfy cjtpfisAk; jUNthk;. cq;fs; gy;fiyf;fofj;Jld; Nrh;e;J khkd;wk; irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpy; bg;Nshkh gapw;rpia elj;jyhk; vd cq;fs; rpNu\;l tphpTiuahsh; jpU re;jpuNrfuk; $wpdhh;fs;. jpl;lj;ij jhUq;fs; ehq;fs; cq;fSf;F g+uz MjuT jUfpNwhk;. ,e;J ehfhPfj;Jiwapy; Vd; irt rpj;jhe;j gPlg;Nguhrphpaiu epakpf;ftpy;iy. mkuh; lhf;lh; tp];typq;fk; ,jw;F ngUk; nrhj;ijj; je;J kiwe;J tpl;lhh;. Vd; ,d;Dk; epakpf;ftpy;iy. ,yq;ifapy; nghUj; j khdth; ,y; y htpby; ,e; j pahtpypUe; J xUtiuf; nfhz;L tuyhk;. jUkGu MjPdj;ij NfSq;fs;.

%lek;gpf;iffs;

gypaply;> Nga;> gprhR vd;w gy %lek;gpfi ; ffs; vkJ kjj;jpd; ngUikf;F ,opit Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. gypaply; vkJ kjj;jpw;F Kuz;gl;lJ vd;gJ ,k;khehl;bd; mkh;Tfspy; nra;ag;gl;l Ma;Tfs; vLj;Jf;fhl;bd. ,g;gbahd %lek;gpf;iffSf;F rhTkzp mbf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. gypaply; rk;ge;jkhf vq;fSf;F ngUk;ghYk; mj;jPanray; elf;f xU rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd; jhd; njhpatUfpd;wJ. filrpNeuj;jpy; fz;ld mwpfi ; ffis tpLg;gjw;Fk;> epWj;JkhW Ntz;LNfhis tpLf;fTk; Nghjpa mtfhrk; fpilg;gjpy;iy. aho; kz;zpy; me;jf; nfhLik mLj;J elf;ftpUe;jhy; tpguq;fis Neuj;Jld; vq;fSf;F mwpaj; jhUq;fs;> cld; eltbf;if vLg;Nghk;.

,e;J mwf;fl;lisf; $l;lk;

,g; g bahd rl; l k; xd; i w epiwNtw; W tJ ey;yJ vd tlkhfhz Kjyikr;rh; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhh;. mg;gbahd efy; xd;W jpU.fdf<];tud; jiyikapy; ehq;fs; jahhpj;Njhk;. Mdhy; mij kj;jpa muRr; rl;lkhf cUthf;fg;gl nghJ kf;fs; ïªJ xË

(aho; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL epiwT epfo;tpd;NghJ> jiyik tfpj; j khkd; w j; jiyth; jpU. fe; i jah ePyfz;ld; Mw;wpa ciuapypUe;J) 30

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; rka epWtdq;fspd; flikfs; (khkd;w mDgtq;fs;) kh. fzgjpg;gps;is

jiyth;> fy;tpf;FO> mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;

mwpKfk; :

fy;tp tsh;r;rpiag; nghWj;jtiu jkpoh; kugpy;

Mq;fpNyah; fhyk; :

,th;fs; rka RthjPd nfhs;ifiaf; filg;gpbj;jdh;. ,jdhy; Nghypf; fpwp];jth;fs; vz; z pf; i f jpBnud tP o ; r ; r paile; j J. 1802 ,y; aho; g ; g hzj; j py; 1>36>000 fpwp]; j th; f s; ,Ue;jdh;. 1806 ,y; (Buchanam) cf;fdk; mth;fs; ,yq;if te;jNghJ aho;g;ghzj;jpy; Gul;l];jhe;J kjj;ijr; rhh;e;Njhh; ahUk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W Fwpg; g pl; L s; s hh; . ,f; f hyj; j py; 34 fpwp]; j t Njthyaq;fSk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; 1814 ,y; 324 irtf;Nfhapy;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld. ,t;thW fl;lg;gl;l Nfhtpy;fspy; xU epWtdj;jd;ik fhzg;gl;ljh vd;why; “,y;iy” vd;Nw tpil fpilf;fpwJ. cah; Ntshsh; Nfhtpy;fSf;F jho;e;j rhjpapdh; Nghf Kbahikapdhy; xt; n thU rhjpapdUk; jkf; F rhjfkhd Nfhtpy;fisf; fl;bdh;. mj;Jld; fhyj;Jf;F xt;thj Nfhtpy; topghLk;> nfhz;lhl;lq;fSk;> Njtjhrp eldq;fSk; ,lk;ngw;wjhy; irt kj gf;jp ,ay;Gfs; nfhr;irg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. rpw;wpd;g nghUNs cz;ikg;nghUs; vd tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jr; re;jh;g;gj;ij ed;F gad;gLj;jpa fpwp];jth;fs;> nt]; y pad; kp\d; (1814)> mnkhpf; f kp\d; (1816)> Nrh;r; kp\d; (1818) Nghd;w jpUr;rigapdh; kjkhw; w k; nra; j dh; . mj; J ld; ghlrhiyfSk; epWtg; g l; l d. Mq; f pyf; fy; t p ngWtjw; f hf irth;fs; kjk;khwpdhh;fs;. murhq;f cj;jpNahfk; vd;w Nkhfj;jhy; Mq;fpyf; fy;tpAk; kjkhw;wKk; aho; g ; g hzj; j pNy ,f; f hyj; j py; nry; t hf; F g; ngw;wpUe;jd. ,e;j Neuj;jpy; fpwp];jt kj Kd;Ndw;wj;ijj; jLj;J muz; Nghl irth;fs; kj;jpapy; ve;jtpj jhgd mikg;GfSk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ngsj;j kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,aq;fpa gphpNtdhf;fs; Nghy my;yJ njd;dpe;jpahtpy; ,aq;fpa MjPdq;fs; Nghd;w jhgd mikg;Gf;fisf; fhz Kbatpy;iy.

Nfhtpy;fs;jhd; Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jpUe;jd. xU epWtd kag;gLj;jg;glhj tifapy; mj;jifa Kaw;rpfs; fhzg;gl;ld. ,yq;ifapy; ehad;khh;fshy; ghlg;ngw;w jpUf;NfhNz];tuk;> jpUf;NfjP];tuk; Nghd;W mUzfpupehjhpd; jpUg;Gfohy; cah;e;j fjph; f hkk; Nghd; w it $l Muk; g fhyj; j py; epWtd kag; g Lj; j g; g l; b Uf; f tpy; i y vd; g ij ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jkpoh;fs; jq;fs; tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gf;fis ,oe;jJ Nghd;W fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; rka epWtdq;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; gytw;iwAk; ,oe;jth;fshfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. rpq;fsth;fspd; kfhtk;rk;> jPg tk;rk;> #o tk;rk; Nghd;w ve;j E}y;fSNk tuyhw;W E}y;fs; my;y. Mdhy; mtw;wpYs;s gy Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,d;W tuyhw;W Mjhuj;jpw;F mbg;gilahfp tpl;lJ. ,j;jifa Kaw;rpfs; vk;kplk; Vd; mUfpapUe;jd vd;gJ gw;wp Muhag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; fhyk; :

<oj;jpd; fiuNahug; gFjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l irtf; Nfhapy;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nghh;jJ ; f;Nfah; jiukl;lk; Mf;fpdh;. fj;Njhyp;ff ; Nkyhjpf;fj;jhy; kjk; khwpNahh; jg;gpg;gpiof;f irtrkak; rhu;e;Njhh; jhk; rhg;gpl;l jl;Ltj;ijf; $l ntspNa vwpa Kbahj epiyapy; ,Ue;jdh;. irt E}y;fs;> Nfhapy;fs; gw;wpa rpe;jid jkpohplk; tsuf; $lhJ vd;gjpy; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; kpff; ftdkhf mtjhdj; J ld; nraw; g l; l dh; . ,j;jifa neUf;fbapYk; ,bf;fg;gl;l Nfhapy;fspy; ,Ue; j flTs; cUtq; f is Ngzpg; g hJfhj; J kjk; khwhg; gz;Gld;> Ml;rpahsUf;F mlq;fhj czh;Tld; nraw;gl;l gyh; vk;ik ehkhf;fpj; je;j ngUikf;Fupath;fs; Mthh;fs;.

xy;yhe;jh; fhyk; :

rka tpopg;Gzh;T :

,th; f s; fhyj; j py; tpjpf; f g; g l; l rl; l q; f s; fhuzkhfTk;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; fhuzkhfTk; nghJ topghLfs; eilngwhJ xope;jd vd 'xy;yhe;jh; gpd; g w; w pa rkaf; n fhs; i f" vd; w fl; L iuapy; f.mUikehafk; mth;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. xy;yhe;jhpd; ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; nefpo;Tj; jd;ikia gad;gLj;jp khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkp Nfhtpy; (1782)> eapdhjPT ehfG+\zp mk;kd; Nfhtpy; (1782)> tz;izr; rptd; Nfhtpy; (1787)> ey;Y}h; fe;jRthkp Nfhtpy; (1793) Ntiyfs; Muk;gkhfpd. kl;lf;fsg;G> jpUNfhzkiy Nfhtpy;fs; tuyhWk; ngUk;ghYk; ,ijnahj;Nj mike;jpUe;jJ. ïªJ xË

ey; i y efh; MWKf ehtyh; mth; f spd; fhyj;jpy; jhd; xU ghupa irt rka vOr;rpia mtjhdpf; f yhk; . tz; z hh; g z; i zapy; ,Ue; j rka vOr; r pia ehtyh; gad; g Lj; j p khngUk; mjph; T xd; i w mq; F Vw; g Lj; j pdhh; . ehtyh; ngUkhd; nt];ypad; ghlrhiyapy; fy;tp fw;wJld; MrpupauhfTk; ,Ue;jJld; Ngh;rpty; ghjphpahUld; nfhz;bUe;j njhlh;G fhuzkhf Ntj tptpypaj;ij nkhopngah; g ; G nra; j hh; . ,e; j mDgtq; f shy; fpwp]; j t rkak; gw; w pAk; mjd; Kaw; r pfs; gw;wpAk; ed;F mwpe;jpUe;jhh;. fpwp];jth; ifahz;l Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;wp irtj;ij tsh;gg ; jw;F Kaw;rp

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

ghlrhiyia cUthf;fpdhh;. Mz;fspDila fy;tp mgptpUj;jpiag;Nghy ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;rr ; pf;fhf Nrh;. nghd;. ,uhkehjd; kUjdhh; klk; ,uhkehjd; ngz;fs; ghlrhiyia jpwe;J irt kfsph; fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;F ngUk; gq;F Mw;wpdhh;. 1916 ,y; Nfhg; g ha; Mrpupah; fyhrhiy Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J Mrpupa fy;tpf;F ghupa gq;fspg;ig ey;fpaJ. irt kWkyu;rr ; pf;Fk;> ehtyhpd; gzpfSf;Fk; mg;NghJ tlkhfhz murhq;f mjpguhf ,Ue;j Nrh;. Jitzk; vd;Wk; jilahfNt ,Ue;jhh;. ,j;jifa vy;yhj; jilKaw;rpfisAk; Kwpabj;J 1893 ,y; rp. j. K. gRgjpr; nrl;bahh; mth;fs;jhd; Nrjkile;jpUe;j jpUf;NfjP];tuj;ij GJg;gpj;jhh;. ,j;jifa nray;fs; ahTk; ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; fy;tp kWkyh;r;rpf;fhd rka epWtdq;fspd; flikahf mike;jd. 1897 ,y; Rthkp tpNtfhde; j h; jd; D ila rpf;fhf;Nfh ciuia Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L <oj;Jf;F tUif je;jik irth;fisAk; ,e;Jf;fisAk; NkYk; rkaj; j py; mf; f iw fhl; l J}z; b aJ. ehtyUf;Fg; gpd; Rd;dhfk; m. FkhuRthkpg;Gyth;> fhrpthrp nre;jpehijah;> ePhN ; typ rptrq;fug; gz;bjh;> rp. it. jhNkhjuk; g ps; i s Nghd; N whh; “,e; J rhrdk;> ,yq;if Nerd;” gj;jphpiffs; Clhf fpwp];jt kj fz;ldq;fisAk; gpurq;fq;fisAk; ntspapl;ldh;. ,J xU mzp Nrh;e;j eltbf;ifahf fhzg;gl;lJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrl;bkhhpd; gq;fspg;G irtrka kWkyh;rr ; papy; kwf;fKbahjJ. mijj; njhlh;eJ ; ,e;J Nghl; ,uh[ul;zk; mth;fsJ irt rka mf;fiwAk; fy;tp Kaw;rpfSk; ghuhl;lg;glNtz;bait. fpuhkk; vq;Fk; mur fpwp];jt ghlrhiyfSf;F vjpuhf irt ghlrhiyfs; mikg;G Kf;fpakhd eltbf;ifahFk;. mJkl; L ky; y hky; aho; g ; g hzj; J gz; b jh; f is nfhz; L te; J clg; G >Friy Mfpa tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; cs;s fpuhkq;fspYk; jkpOk; irtKk; mope;JtplhJ ghjfhj;j ngUik mtiuNa rhUk;. ,e;JNghl; ,uh[ul;zk; mth;fs; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; xU rka epWtdf; fl;likg;Gld; nraw;gl;lth; Mthh;. irt kWkyh;rr ; papy; gz;bjkzp rp. fzgjpgg ; psi ; s> Gyth;kzp nghpajk;gpg;gps;is MfpNahhpd; gq;Fk;> gzpAk;> tfpghfKk; Kf;fpak; tha;e;jJ. 20 Mk; E}w;whz;by; kpy;fi ; tl; fdfuh[h Nghd;wth;fSila irtrka vOr;rp eltbf;iffs; Jz;Lg;gpuRuq;fs; jkpOf;Fk; irtj;jpw;Fk; ngUe;njhz;lhw;wpait.

nra;jhh;. me;j mbg;gilapy; gpurq;f Kiw trd &gj;jpy; mike;j tpdhtpilfs;> ghyh; ghlk;> ,yf;fzr; RUf;fk;> trd E}y;fs;> Jz;Lg;gpuRuq;fs;> ghlrhiyfspd; rka Kiwikfs; gw;wp xU ];jhgd Kiw tsh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. 1848 fspy; gy;NtW jiyg;Gfspy; ehtyuhYk;> fhh;j;jpNfa IauhYk; nra;ag;gl;l 29 gpurq;fq;fs; fpwp];jt ghjpupfisAk;> Nghypr; irth;fisAk; vs;sp eifahbaJ. ,th;fs; NgRk; NghJ fhld;> khld;> fhl;Nlwp> fUg;gd; vd;w topghLfs; rpt topghLfs; my;y vd;Wk;> vkJ KOKjw; flTs; rptNd vd; W k; Kiwahf tpsq; f g; g Lj; j pajd; mbg;gilapy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; mj;jifa fpuhkpa nja;tq;fspd; topghLfs; mw;Wg;Nghapd. fpwp];jth;fs; Kk;%h;j;jp yl;rzk;> FUl;L top vd;w Jz;Lg; gpuRuj;jhy; mUtUg;ghd nkhopahy; irtj;ijf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. mjw;F vjpuhf irtj; J }\z ghpfhuk; > Rg; g pu Nghjk; Nghd; w kWg;Giufshy; ehtyh; fhyj;jpy; vkJ kjk; vOr;rp ngwj; njhlq; f paJ. mq; N fjhd; xU ]; j hgd Kiwapy; vkJ kjj;Jf;fhd tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;if mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

rkaf; fy;tp :

irt rkar; #oypy; fy;tp Nghjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w ,af;fk; 1842 ,y; Muk;gkhdJ. 1834 Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;jpy; 239 irtg; ghlrhiyfs; fhzg;gl;ld. mtw;wpy; gy gpd;dh; fpwp];jtg; ghlrhiyfshf khw;wg;gl;ld. 1842 ,y; itj;jpypq;fk; nrl;bahh;> Kj;JNtYr; nrl;bahh;> rpwhg;gh; FUehj Kjypahh;> ,uFehj Kjypahh; Nghd;w cah;Fohj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; xd;whff; $b 1842 Ig;grp 22 ,y; jpwf;fg;gl;l ghlrhiy Kf;fpakhdJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa irtf; fy; t p ,af; f k; MWKfehtyhpd; jP t pu mf; f iwahy; cj; N tfk; mile; j J. 1840 ,y; tz;zhh;gz;iz irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyiaj; njhlh;eJ ; ehtyuJk; mtuJ mzpapduJk; Kaw;rpahy; ,Ztpy;> fe;jh;klk;> Nfhg;gha;> GNyhypapy; jkpo; ghlrhiyfs; Njhd; w pd. ,e; j pahtpy; Fwpg; g hf rpjk; g uk; Nghd; w ,lq; f spy; irtKk; jkpOk; tP o ; r ; r paile; j pUe; j ijf; fz; L MWKfehtyh; mq;Fk; irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyia epWtpdhh;. gpwh; <depiy fz; L nghq; F k; kdj; j pddha; irth;fspd; cah;epiyf;fhf mauhJ cioj;jth; vq;fs; ehtyh; ngUkhd;. ehtyh; kiwTf; F g; gpd; fpwp]; j th; f spd; tsh; r ; r pf; F vjpuhf “ irtg; g pufhr rkh[k; ” cUthf; f g; g l; l J. “cjaghD ” gj; j phpifapd; tuthy; irtkj Nfhhpf; i ffs; tYtile; j J. 1858 ,y; irt ghpghyd rigapd; Njhw;wk; <or; irtrka tsh;r;rpapy; kw;WNkhh; iky; fy;yhf mike;jJ. irt ghpghyd rigapdh; Rd;dhfk; m. FkhuRthkpg;Gyth;> khjfy; R. Vuk;igah;> ,d;Dk; gyiuAk; ,izj;J aho;g;ghzk;> kl;lf;fsg;G> jpUNfhzkiy> nfhOk;G Nehf;fp irtg; gpuRuq;fs; gpuRupf;fg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; ,th;fs; ,e;J rhjdk; vd;w gj;jphpifiaAk; ntspapl;ldh;. 1893 ,y; epahathjp ehfypq;fk; mth;fSk;> rp. j. K. gRgjpr; nrl;bahUk; ,e;J cah;ju ïªJ xË

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; :

,e;j mbg;gilapNyjhd; jiyefhpy; tho;e;j jkpoh; f s; If; f pag; g l; L mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd;wj;ij 1955 ,y; epWtpdh;. khkd;w j;jpd; tfpghfj;ij Nehf;fpd; irth;fsplKk;> ,e;Jf;fsplKk; xU If; f pag; g l; l xd; w pak; fhzg; g ltpy; i y. jdpj;jdpf; Nfhtpy;fs;> FOf;fs; vd;w tifapy; fhzg;gl;l epiyia khw;wp ,e;J mikg;Gf;fspd; xd; w pakhf ,e; J khkd; w k; cUg; n gWtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. fle; j mWgJ Mz; L fspy; kd; w k; fle; J te; j ghijapy; gy r%feyj; jpl; l q; f is Kd; i tj; J s; s ij ehk; mtjhdpf; f yhk; . rka

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

ehl;lhu; kugpy; khupak;kd; topghL

(kiyafg; gpuhe;jpaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Xu; Ma;T) khrp> gq;Fdp khjq;fspNyNa khupak;kDf;F jpUtpoh eilngWfpd;wJ. Njhl; l kf; f s; njd; d pe; j pahtpypUe; J te;j fhyk; njhlf;fk; ,d;Wtiu ,t; t opghl; b idNa jk; Kjd; i kahd topghlhff; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,t;topghlhdJ kiyafj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy; fhuzfhupa topghlhfTk; mike;Js;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Etu – vypa khtl; l j; j py; kl; L k; E} w;wpj;njhz;Zw;W VO khupak;kd; Njhl;lf; Nfhapy;fs; mike;Js;sd.

ehl;Lg;Gw topghl;by; ngz;nja;t topghL Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. ,t; t opghl; b y; jha; j ; n ja; t topghNl Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. ,t;topghl;bid Nehf; F kplj; J jha; t opr; rKjhaj; j pd; tsu;r;rp epiyiaf; fhzf;$bajhAs;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; Njhl;lg;Gwq;fis Nehf;Fkplj;J> ,t;topghlhdJ kpfTk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Njhl;lg; Gwq;fspy; ngz; nja; t topghl; b y; khupak; k d; topghNl rpwg;Gg; ngw;W tpsq;FfpwJ. kiyafj;jpd; ngUk;ghyhd Njhl;lq;fspy; Fiwe;jgl;rk; vl;L ehshtJ khupak;kd; topghL eilngWtJ tof;fkhAs;sJ. Njhl;lg;Gwf; Nfhapy;fspy;

fyhepjp (jpUkjp) Nrhjpkyu; utPe;jpud; rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> jkpo;j;Jiw Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.

toq; f p Njitaw; w nrytP d q; f isf; Fiwj; J kdpj Neaj;Jld; Nfhtpy;fs; nraw;gl MNyhrid toq;Ffpd;wdh;.

ep;Wtdk; vd;gJ rkag; gzpfNshL epw;wy; MfhJ. khwhf r%fg; gzpfspYk; <LglNtz;Lk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; vq;Nf r%f eyNdhk;G jpl;lq;fs; Njitg;gl;ldNth mq;nfy;yhk; ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; nraw;FOtpdh; Kd;dpd;W cioj;jdh;. 1977> 1983 ,d td;nray; fhyj;jpy; ,e;J khkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; eyd; G hp epiyaq; f spy; jkpoh; f Sf; F Mw; w pa Nritfs; kpf Kf;fpakhdit. itj;jpa fyhepjp NtyhAjgps;is Nghd;Nwhh; kf;fs; eyNdhk;gypy; mf;fiwAld; khkd;w mzpNahL Nritahw;wpaik ghuhl; l g; g LfpwJ. mNjNghy Rdhkp ,aw; i f mdh;jj ; j;jpYk; khkd;wj;jpd; Nritfs; nraw;ghLfs; mf;fiwAld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. vq;Nf JaUld; kf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;fNsh mq;Nf ,dk;> kjk;> nkhop fle;J Xbr;nrd;W Nritahw;Wk; ghq;F vy;NyhuhYk; ghuhl;lg;gLfpwJ.

r%f eyf;FO :

tWikapdhy; thb epw;Fk; fpuhkq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W tWik xopg;Gf;F mf;fiwAld; eltbf;if vLf; f pd; w dh; . 2009,y; Aj; j k; Kbtile; j jd; gpd; Ky;iyj;jPT> kd;dhh;> fpspnehr;rp> tTdpah> kl;lf;fsg;G> jpUNfhzkiy Nghd;w ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mq;Fs;s ghhpa gpur;ridfis ,dq;fz;L jPhg ; g ; jw;F Kaw;rpfs; vLj;Js;sdh;. “kf;fs; NritNa kNfrd; Nrit” vd;w mbg;gilapy; mth;fs; gzp njhlh;fpwJ.

fy;tpf;FO :

jho;epiyapy; cs;s ghlrhiyfspd; fy;tp epiyapy; fy;tpf;FO mf;fiw fhl;LfpwJ. mth;fspd; gzp %d;W mbg;gilapy; Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

,e;J khkd;w jiyikr; nrayfk; :

,e;J khkd;w jiyikr; nrayfk; nfhOk;gpy; Ie; J khbf; fl; l lq; f Sld; Nrh; rpw; w k; g yk; fhh;bdh; khtj;ijapy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ. ,d;iwa ek;kth;fis ehk; Mf;Ftjw;fhf 60 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dh; kpfr; rpwe;j J}uNehf;NfhL my;Yk; gfYk; md;W njhl;L ,d;Wiu mauhJ ciof;fpd;w ,e;J khkd;w nraw;FOitg; ghuhl;lg;gl Ntz;baJ mtrpak;. ,e;J kf;fSf;F vd;W xU nrayfk; jiyefuj;jpy; jiyepkph;e;J epw;gJ xl;Lnkhj;j ,e;Jf;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j ntw;wpahFk;.

1. f.ngh.j rhjhuz juk;

f.ngh.j. rhjhuz ju khzth;fspd; irt rka mwpT kl;Lky;y Vida ghlq;fspy; gpd; jq;fpapUf;Fk; khzth;fSf;fhd fUj;juq;Ffs; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;L ey;yhrpupah;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. khzth;fspd; kd cior;ry;fs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F MNyhridAk; topfhl;ly;fSk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

2. f.ngh.j. cah;juk;

f.ngh.j. cah;ju khzth;fSf;F ,e;J ehfhpf ghlj;jpy; mfpy ,yq;if hPjpahf fUj;juq;Ffs; Kd; n dLf; f g; g Lfpd; w d. ,e; J ehfhpfk; vd; w ngWkjpkpf; f E}y; ghlj; j pl; l j; J f; F Vw; G ila tifapy; jahupf; f g; g l; L s; s J. me; j g; Gj; j fk;

rl;l MNyhrid :

Nfhtpy;fspy; gpur;ridfs; fhzg;gl;lhy; mtw;iw clDf; F ld; jP h ; j ; J itf; F k; ty; y ik ,e; J khkd;wj;jplk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. rl;l MNyhridfis ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

Myak;> Myab Ntk;G ,e;J khkd;wk;> aho;gg ; hzj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;J khkd;w gpuhe;jpa epiyak; vd;git khkd;wj;jpd; gy;NtW gzpfspy; rpy Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;. NkYk; <oj;J rpj;jh; Nahfh; Rthkp mth;fspd; Ik;gjhtJ Mz;L FUg+ir rpwg;G Ch;tyKk; khehLk;> ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; rpwg;G khehLfs; khkd;w Kd;dhs; jiyth;fspdJk; MSikfspdJk; epidTr; nrhw;nghopTfs;> fhyj;jpd; Njit mwpe;J khzth;fspdJk; kf;fspdJk; kdg;ghq;fpy; khw;wj;ij juf;$ba irt khehLfs; vd;gtw;iw elhj;JtJld; mnkhpf;f MjPd gpjh njhz;Lehj Rthkpfs;> ,e;jpa MjPdq;fisr; rhh;e;j rhd;Nwhh;fs; Nghd;wth;fis mioj;J nra;ag;gLk; mUSiufs;> fpspnehr;rp kfhNjth Mr;rpuk Rthkpfspd; eyNdhk;gypy; fhl;Lk; mf;fiw Nghd;wit fhyj;jpd; Njit MFk;. mJ khkd;wj;jpd; rpwg;ghd gzpfSf;F rhd;whjhukhf mike;Js;sJ. mfpy cyf hPjpahf gpugy;ak; mile;Js;s mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; gzpfs; ,q;fpyhe;J> mT];jpNuypah> epA+rpyhe;J> fdlh> ,e;jpah Nghd;w ehLfSf;Fk; vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;ntt; ehLfspy; vy;yhk; ,e;J rkak; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mq;nfy;yhk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w gzp gw;wp mwpaitf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; fhg; g hsuhf ,Ue; J gy; N tW r%f Mj; k P f gzpfspy; <Lgl; L s; s kdpjNea khkdpjh; tp. fapyhrgps;is mth;fSf;Fk;> khkd;wj;jpd; gy;NtW gzpfs; rpwg;ghf eilngw mauhJ ciof;Fk; khkd;wj;jpd; jiyth; fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; cl;gl;l eph;thf cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;Fk;> Kfhikg; Nguit cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fk; ,t;tplj;jpy; ed;wp nrhy;YtJ mtrpakhFk;. Vnddpy; xU epWtdj;ij kdpjNea epWtdkhf Mf;fp me;epWtdj;jhy; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; thoitf; f pd; w Kaw; r p msg; g hpa nraw;ghlhFk;. vjph;fhy ,yq;ifapy; ,e;Jf;fspd; ,Ug; G f; f hd gyKs; s mj; j pthukhf ,e; J khkd;wj;jpd; fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfs; mike;Js;sJ vd;gij jq;fs; Nkyhd ftdj;jpw;F nfhz; L tUfpNwd;.

fpof; F g; gy; f iyf; f ofj; j pd; ghlg; G j; j fkhf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;Gj;jfj;ij ,e;Jehfupf ghlj;Jiw Mrpupah;fs;> khzth;fs;> tpupTiuahsh;fs; ghuhl;Lfpwhh;fs;. ,g;gzpia nrt;itahf Nkw;nfhz;l ,e;J khkd;w fy;tpf;FOr; nrayhsu; j. kNdhfud; ghuhl;Lf;Fupath;.

3. Mrpupah; fy;tp

,e;J rka ghl Mrpupah;fSf;fhd fy;tp;f; fUj; j uq; F fis Vw; g Lj; j p Mrpupah; f Sf; f hd fw; g pj; j y; MNyhridfs; toq; f g; g LfpwJ. rkaghlf; fw;gpj;jypy; fhzg;gLfpd;w FiwghLfs; Muhag;gl;L Mrpupah;fSf;F rpwg;ghd topfhl;ly;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ehL gue;j hPjpahf irtKk; ,e; J ehfhpfKk; fw; g pf; f f; $bath; f Sf; F ,f;fUj;juq;Ffis xOq;FgLj;Jtjpy; mf;fiw cld; cs;sdh;. mj;Jld; f.ngh.j cah;juj;jpy; ,e;J rkak; vd;w ghlj;jpw;F chpa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; xU E}iy cUthf;Ftjw;F rfy eltbf;iffSk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khzth;fSf;F ghlj;jpl;lj;ij Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; toq;fpaNghJk; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Vw;Gila E}y;fs; fhzg;gltpy;iy vd;gij mtjhdpj;J J}uNehf;Fld; ,e;E}y;fis ntspapl;L itg;gjhdJ fy;tp tsh;r;rp;apy; rka epWtdq;fspd; mj;jpahtrpa NjitahFk;. mj;NjhL ,d;W khzth;fs; gy;NtW ftdf; fiyg;ghd;fshy; rpjWz;L fplf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fis mth;fSila ghlrhiyfSf;F nrd;W rka ghl fUj;juq;Ffspd; Clhf ed;ndwpg;gLj;JtJk; rka epWtdq;fspd; Njit MFk; . mijr; nrt; t Nd nra; t jw; F mauhJ KaYk; ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; gzpAk; ghq;Fk; ghuhl;lg;glNtz;bait.

E}y;fs; :

,e;J kf;fSf;fhd xU ifNaL> fl;Liur; rpwg;G kyh;> rpttopghl;L kyh;> nghd;tpoh kyh;> ,e;J ehfupfk;> rptj;jkpo; nry;tp jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b> ,e;J xspr; rQ;rpif Mfpatw;Wld; kpfr; rpwg;ghd E}y;fs; vdf; fUjpa tlkhfhz Kjyikr;rh; khz;GkpF rp. tp. tpf;Nd];tud; mth;fspd; E} y;> tpOkpaf; fUj;Jf;fis ek; ehl;by; nrhy;ypf; nfhz; L ,Uf; f f; $ ba NrhkRe; j uk; Iahtpd; irtew; r pe; j idf; fsQ; r pak; kw; W k; tuyhw; W rk;gtq;fis rpwg;ghf MuhAk; jpU. jpUr;nry;tk; mth;fspd; E}y;> mj;Jld; vkJ Kiwahd gQ;r Guhz XjYf;Fk; Vida khkd;w nra;jpfSld; jukhd fl;Liufis jhq;fptUk; Mq;fpyj;jhy; Md A Compendium for Hindus vd;w E}y; cynfyhk; thOk; vk; Gyk; ngah; e ; j th; f is mbg; g il Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jifa Kaw;rpfs; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; rka epWtdq;fspd; mj;jpahtrpaf; flikahFk; vd;gij ed;Fzh;e;J ,e;J khkd;wk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

crhj;Jiz E}y;fs; :

1. mUik ehafk;. f. “,yq;ifapy; xy;yhe;jh; gpd;gw;wpa rkaf; nfhs;if” rpe;jid kyh; 1 ,jo; 1 2. MWKf ehtyh;. 1955 “gpuge;jj;jpul;L” ifyhrgps;is gjpg;G. nrd;id 3. nfsupfhe;jd;. K (2014) “tuyhw;Wr; rpe;jid jlk;” Fkud; gjpg;gfk; nfhOk;G-6 4. jdQ;rauhrrpq;fk;. r. (1969) “ehtyh; gzpfs;” ehtyh; rptd;Nfhtpy; gjpg;G nrd;id 5. kNdfud;. j. (2007) “,e;J ehfhpfk;” gjpg;G. Adp Ml;]; epWtfk; nfhOk;G 13 6. Old Ceylon Hindu Congress (2015) ‘A Compendium for Hindus’ Unie Arts Ltd – Colombo – 13.

Mj;kPfr; Nrit :

ehl; b d; gy; N tW ,lq; f spy; ,lk; n gWk; epfo; T fSf; F kl; L ky; y kd; d hh; khtl; l j; j py; mikf;fg;gl;l Qhdituth; Myak;> fPhpkiyapy; mikf; f g; g l; L s; s Gdpj ahj; j phpfh; f s; tpLjp> kl;lf;fsg;G tyaf; fy;tpg; gzpkid tpehafh; ïªJ xË

(khkd;wj;jpd; mWgjhtJ Mz;L epiwitnahl;b fle;j [_iy 31 Mk; jpfjp Kjy; Mf];l; 2 Mk; jpfjptiu aho; g ; g hzj; j py; ele; j ,e; J Muha; r ; r p khehl; b d; rkfhy mkh;tpd;NghJ rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l Ma;Tf;fl;Liu) 34

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;wj;jpd; mDjhgk; mku® R. bgh. eluh#h ïQÉš m©zh bjhÊyf¤â‹ mâgU«, r_f nritahsUkhd âU. R. bgh. eluh#h mt®fsJ kiwitÆ£L m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« Mœªj tU¤jkil»‹wJ. ït® cŸq® c‰g¤â Clhf bjhÊš trâfis V‰gL¤â, mj‹_y« Vuhskhd ïisP®, ítâfS¡F ntiythŒ¥ò¡fis tH§»aj‹ _y«, r_f¤âš M‰¿a gÂ bgÇJ« ngh‰Wj‰FÇaJ. ïj‰F« nkyhf M‹Ûf rka¥g‰WŸstuhf¤ âfœªjJl‹, njh¤âu¥ ghlšfŸ, rka j¤Jt§fŸ ngh‹witfŸ ml§»a áW ãuRu§fis btËÆ£L ïytrkhf tH§»aj‹ _y« ïªJ k¡fŸ bgU« ga‹bgW« tifÆš cjÉ tªJŸsh®. mku® eluh#h m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤Jl‹ beU§»a bjhl®òfis¡ bfh©oUªjt®. m‹dhÇ‹ kiwÉdhš JaU‰¿U¡F« FL«g¤âdU¡F khk‹w« Mœªj mDjhg§fis¤ bjÇÉ¤J¡bfhŸtJl‹, M¤kh rhªâailaî« ïiwtid¥ ãuh®¤â¡»‹wJ.

mku® fdfehaf« r©Kfehaf« ãugy M‹Ûf¤ bjh©lU«, r_f¥ gÂahsUkhd âU. fdfehaf« r©Kfehj‹ mt®fsJ kiwitÆ£L m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« Mœªj tU¤jkil»‹wJ. tH¡f¿Puhf¥ gÂah‰¿a ït®, ã‹dhËš gy rka ÃWtd§fSl‹ ïizªJ bgU«gÂah‰¿ÆU¡»wh®. ghuj¤âÈUªJ gy M‹Ûf m¿P® bgUk¡fis ïy§if¡F miH¤J tªJ, mj‹ Clhf¥ gyU« ga‹bgW« tifÆš ït® nk‰bfh©l bra‰ghL bgÇJ« ngh‰w¤j¡fJ. ït® m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤Jl‹ beU§»a bjhl®òfis¡ bfh©oUªjJl‹ gytifÆY« cjÉtªJŸsh®. m‹dhÇ‹ kiwÉdhš JauilªJŸs FL«g¤âdU¡F khk‹w« Mœªj mDjhg§fis¤ bjÇÉ¤J¡bfhŸtJl‹, M¤kh rhªâailaî« ïiwtid¥ ãuh®¤â¡»‹wJ.

khkd;wr; nra;jp

khk‹w¥ bghJ¢ brayhs® fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹, khk‹w cg jiytU«, r_fey‹ FG¤ jiytUkhd Éil¡bfho¢ bršt® á‹d¤Jiu jdghyh, khk‹w cgjiytU«, ahœ ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya bfsut ïa¡FeUkhd brŠbrh‰bršt® fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ c£gl gy® nk‰go ÃfœÉš fyªJbfh©L áw¥ã¤âUªjd®.

khk‹w¤âš elªj _‹W üšfË‹ btËpL

MáÇa® F. ghyR¥ãukÂa« mt®fË‹ 25 M« M©L áuh®¤j âd Ãfœî«, ïtuJ Ãidthf _‹W üšfË‹ btËpL« flªj MfÞ£ khj« 30 M« âfâa‹W khk‹w¤ jiyikaf¥ ãuh®¤jid k©lg¤âš eilbg‰wJ. khk‹w¤â‹ mDruizíl‹ ïl«bg‰w ïªj Ãfœî¡F khk‹w¤ jiyt® âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ jiyik jh§»dh®. MáÇa® mku® F. ghyR¥ãukÂa« mt®fË‹ òjšt®fshd át$ ghy. trªj¡FU¡fŸ (y©l‹) vGâa "ïªJ¥ g©gh£L kuãš ãâu® tÊghL" v‹w üY«, át$ ghy. ïªâu¡FU¡fŸ (mîÞânuÈah) vGâa "j¤Jt áªjid kuãš irtá¤jhªj« TW« M‹kh", "knfh‰rt »Çah j¤Jt És¡f«" M»a üšfS« ÃfœÉ‹nghJ btËÆl¥g£ld. át$ ghy. ïªâu¡FU¡fŸ K‹d® khk‹w¤âš â£l Älš mYtyuhf¥ gÂòÇªjt® v‹gJ F¿¥ãl¤j¡fJ.

jUkòu« MÔd FUKjštU¡F bfhG«ãš tunt‰ògrhu« m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« mWgjhtJ M©L Ãiwitbah£o ahœ¥ghz¤âš el¤âa ïªJ MuhŒ¢á khehL ÃfœÉš fyªJbfhŸtj‰fhf tUif jªâUªj jUkòu« MÔd FUKjšt® $k¤ bksd FkhuRthÄ j«ãuh‹ RthÄfŸ mt®fS¡F, flªj MfÞ£ khj« 4 M« âfâa‹W khiy bfhG«ò, g«gy¥ã£o ruÞtâ k©lg¤âš tunt‰ògrhu« mË¡f¥g£lJ. bfhG«ò ïªJ É¤âahÉU¤â¢ r§f«, bfhG«ò ïªJ kfË® k‹w«, bfhG«ò Éntfhdªj rig k‰W« ïªj ÃWtd§fSl‹ ïizªJ, m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« V‰ghL brŒâUªj nk‰go tunt‰ògrhu«, khk‹w¤ jiyt® âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ jiyikÆš ïl«bg‰wJ.

ÑÇkiyÆš Ú¤jh® Ãidî Ãfœî

khk‹w¤â‹ V‰gh£oš Mo mkhthir âdkhd flªj MfÞ£ khj« 14 M« âfâa‹W ÑÇkiyÆš Ú¤jh® Ãidî Ãfœî ïl«bg‰wJ. ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

<oj;J ghlrhiyf; fy;tp Kiwapy; jw;NghJ irtrka ghlk; fw;gpf;Fk; Mrpupau;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ,lu;fs;. <oj;jpy; thOk; ek; irtj;jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ rkaj;ijr; rupahfg; gpd;gw;w jk; rpwhu;fshd vjpu;fhyr; re;jjpapdUf;Fr; rupahd topfhl;ly;fis tPl;by; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjidj; njhlu;e;J ghlrhiyapy; irtrka ghlk; fw;wYld; rka tho;it thof;$ba #o;epiyfis Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; xOf;f tpOkpaKs;s ey;y gpui[fshf ,tu;fis Mf;fKbAk;. ,e;epiyapy; jw;Nghija fhyj;jpy; gy gpur;rpidfSk; ,ilA+WfSk; te;Jtpl;ld. tPl;by; irtrka mDl;lhd tho;f;if tho

gy ,ilA+Wfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ghlrhiy apYk; irtrka ghlj;jpD}lhf rka tpOkpaq;fis tpijf;f gy jilfs; cs;sd. Vida rka ghlrhiyfs; jj;jk; rkaq;fSf;Nf Kd;Dupik toq;Fk; NghJ irtrkak; fw;gpf;Fk; ghlrhiyfspy; ,jw;fhd VJf;fs; njhlu;r;rpahff; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd.

jpU. gh. jdghyd;

cggPlhjpgjp> epjpepu;thfk;. aho;. Njrpaf; fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up ,uhr tPjp> Nfhg;gha;

aho;g;ghzj;jpy; khkd;wj;jpd; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;> mWgjhtJ Mz;L

mioj;J tug;gl;ldh;. Ch;tyk; Jh;f;fh kzpkz;lgj;ij te;jile;jJk; khkd;w mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; kdpjNeakhkzp tp.fapyhrgps; i s jk; g jpapdUk; > khkd; w gpujpj; jiyth; jpU.kh.jtNahfuh[h jk;gjpapdUk; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wp itj;jdh;. khkd;w cg jiyth; tpilf;nfhbr;nry;th; rpd;dj;Jiu jdghyh ee;jpf;nfhbia Vw;wpitj;jhh;. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah eP y fz; l d; jiyikapy; epfo; r ; r pfs; Muk; g khfpd. Nguhrphpah; m.rz;Kfjh]; tuNtw;GiuiaAk;> khehl;bd; Nehf;fk; njhlh;ghd mwpKfTiuiaAk; epfo;j;jpdhh;. MrpAiufs; tho; j ; J iufisj; njhlh; e ; J khkd; w Md; k P f ,johd “,e; J xsp” khehl; L rpwg; G ,jo; ntspaP L ,lk; n gw; w J. aho; ,e; J f; fy; Y }hp mjpgh; jpU.I.jahde;juh[h ntspaPl;Liu epfo;j;jpdhh;. gpujk tpUe; j pdhpd; ciuiaj; njhlh; e ; J aho; gy;fiyf;fof jifrhh; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpah; m.rz;Kfjh]; mth; f Sk; > khkd; w cgjiytUk; khkd; w ,e; J Muha;rr; p epiya nfsut ,af;FeUkhd nrQ;nrhw;nry;th; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; mth;fSk; rpwg;Gr; nrhw;nghopthw;wpdhh;fs;. khkd;w nghJr; nrayhsh; jpU. Kj;ijah fjph;fhkehjd; toq;fpa ed;wpAiuAld; Muk;gehs; epfo;Tfs; epiwtile;jd. ,uz;lhk; ehshd Mf];l; Kjyhk; jpfjp fhiyAk;> khiyAk;> %d;whk; ehshd Mf];l; 2 Mk; jpfjp fhiyAk; %d;W kz;lgq;fspy; rkfhy mkh;Tfs; ,lk;ngw;wd.

epiwitnahl; b Vw; g hL nra; j pUe; j ,e; J Muha; r ; r p khehL %d;W ehs; ngUtpohthf> fle;j [_iy 31 Mk; jpfjp Kjy; Mf];l; 2 Mk; jpfjptiu aho; ey;Y}h; = Jh;f;fhNjtp kzpkz;lgj;jpy; rpwg;ghf ele;NjwpaJ. ‘<oj;J ,e;J kjj;jpd; tuyhw;W tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;F’ vd;w njhdpg;nghUspy; Muha;r;rp khehL ,lk;ngw;wJ. Muk;g epfo;T Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfh; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; muq;fpy; [_iy 31 Mk; jpfjp khiy 3.00 kzpastpy; khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikapy; Muk;gkhfp eilngw;wJ. ,e;jpahtpypUe;J tUifje;jpUe;j jUkGu MjPd FUKjy;th; =kj; nksd FkhuRthkpj; jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs;> ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhrhhpa Rthkpfs;> ,Ztpy; jh; k rh]; j h FUFy Kjy; t h; rpt= jhD. kfhNjtf; FUf;fs;> irtf;FUkhh; xd;wpa Kjy;th; rpt= rjh.kfhypq;frptf; FUf;fs;> ey;Y}h; rpd;kah kp\d; tjptpl Mrhhpahh; gpuk;kr;rhhp [hf;uj irjd;a Rthkpfs; MfpNahh; fye; J nfhz; L MrpAiufis toq;fpapUe;jdh;. epfo; t pd; N ghJ tlkhfhz Kjyikr; r h; rj; j pa tpj;jfh; f.tp.tpf;Nd];tud; gpujk tpUe;jpduhff; fye;J nfhz;lhh;. epfo;r;rpfs; Muk;gkhtjw;F Kd;gjhf khkd;w aho; gzpkidapypUe;J gpuKfh;fs; kw;Wk; epfo;tpy; fye;J nfhs; s tUif je; j th; f s; midtUk; Ch; t ykhf ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

,yq;ifapy; FUFyf; fy;tp - xU Nehf;F ,f;fhyj;jpNy tl nkhopawptpy;yhj jkpowpTil NahH $w; W f; f is tpj; J thd; f s; mq; f P f upg; g J FiwthdjhYk; > jkpopNy epuk;gpa Gyik Ntz;bd; tlnkhopf; fy;tpawpT mtrpak; vd GytHfs; ed;F czHe;jpUe;jjhYk;> jf;f ghz;bj;jpaKila FUtplk; tud;Kiwahfj; jkpo; fw;w gyH jkJ jkpo; mwpitr; nrOikg; g Lj; j tlnkhop fy; t piaAk; fw; w dH. ,t; t hW fw;w jkpowpQHfspd; MSikapy; tlnkhopf; fy; t p gykhd xU gpd; d zpahf ,Ue; J te;Js;sJ. cyfk; KOf;f FUFyf; fy;tpKiwNa neLq;fhyk; fy;tpf;fhd cfe;j topKiwahf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. fPioehLfspy; Fwpg;ghf

fPio Md;kf P mikg;Gfspy; FUFyf;fy;tp mjd; cr;repiyNehf;fp vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. khjh> gpjh> FU> nja;tk; vd;W tFf;Fk; ,e; j pa kuG nja; t j; J f; F Kjw; g bapy; FUitNa itf;fpwJ. mjhtJ khDlupy; caHe;jtH FUNt. FUNt gpuk;kh> FUNt tp\;Z> FUNt kfhNjtd; vd;w gpugykhd ke; j puk; FUit ‘ Mf; f pf; f hj; j opf; F k; ’ Kj; n ja; t q; f Sk; xd; w hdtd; vd; f pwJ. ,jw; F ,izahd Kf; f paj; J tk; n[d; kugpYk; ,Ug; g ijf; fhzyhk; . ehkwpe; j ngUk;ghyhd n[d; fijfs; FUrPl cwT Fwpj;jitNa.

rpt= f. itj;jP];tuf; FUf;fs; jiytH> ,e;J FUkhH mikg;G nfhOk;G

cjtp cah; ];jhdpfh; khz;GkpF M.eluh[d;> aho; gy;fiyf;fof cgNte;jh; Nguhrphpah; tre;jp murul;zk; MfpNahh; rpwg;G tpUe;jpdh;fshfTk; fye;J nfhz;L ciuahw; w papUe; j hh; f s; . jUkGu MjP d FUKjy; t h; =kj; nksd FkhuRthkp jk; g puhd; Rthkpfs; rpwg;Giuahw;wpdhh;. ,e; j epfo; t py; khkd; w j; j pd; ntspaP l hd jpU.it.NrhkNrfud; mth;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;l <oj;J Myaq; f s; (aho; . khtl; l j; jpUj; j yq; f s; - ghfk; 1)> mr; R Ntyp rpt= FkhuRthkp FUf; f s; Mf; f pa kNfhw;rt tpsf;fk;- (kWgjpg;G) Mfpa E}y;fs; ntspapl;L itf;fg;gl;ld. <oj;J Myaq;fs; E}ypd; ntspalP L ; iuia Nguhrphpah; ,.FkhutbNty; mth; f Sk; > kNfhw; r t tpsf; f k; E}ypd; ntspaP l ; L iuia Nfhg; g ha; Njrpa fy;tpaw; fy;Y}hp gPlhjpgjp jpU.r.mkph;jypq;fk; mth;fSk; epfo;j;jpdhh;fs;. ,e; j epfo; t pd; N ghJ khkd; w j; j pd; mWgJ Mz; L epiwitnahl; b ,Ztpy; jh; k rh]; j h FUFy Kjy; t h; rpt= jhD.kfhNjtf; FUf; f s; > fpspnehr;rp kfhNjt Mr;rpuk Kjy;th; = fNzrhde;j kfhNjt Rthkpfs; MfpNahh; khkd; w j; j pdhy; gl;lkspj;J nfsutpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J nrQ; n rhw; n ry; t h; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; mth; f s; toq;fpa epiwTiuAld; khkd;wj;jpd; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL epfo;Tfs; epiwTngw;wd.

,jd;NghJ gy;fiyf;fofk;> Mrphpa fyhrhiy> fy;tpaw; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; gpugy fy;Y}hpfisr; Nrh;ej ; Nguhrphpah;fs;> tphpTiuahsh; f s; > Mrphpah; f s; MfpNahh; Ma; T f; fl;Liufisr; rkh;gpj;J ciuahw;wpdhh;fs;. ,uz;lhk; ehs; (01.08.2015)khiy 5.00kzpKjy; rpwg;G mkh;T kd;dhh; khtl;l ,e;J Myaq;fspd; xd;wpa jiyth; itj;jpafyhepjp K.fjph;fhkehjd; jiyikapy; rjhtjhdp eh.fjpuNtw;gps;is muq;fpy; eilngw;wJ. ,e;epfo;tpd;NghJ jUkGu MjPd Kjy;th; =kj; nksd FkhuRthkp jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs; mth;fSk;> ,yq;if fk;gd; fofj;ijr; Nrh;ej; fyhepjp =.gpurhe;jd; mth;fSk; rpwg;Gr; nrhw;nghopthw;wpdhh;fs;. khkd; w j; j pd; ,e; J Muha; r ; r p khehL epiwT epfo;T %d;whk; ehshd Mf];l; 2 Mk; jpfjp khiy 3.00 kzpastpy; =y= MWKfehtyh; muq;fpy;> khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikapy; Muk;gkhfp eilngw;wJ. Nfhg;gha; Mrphpa fyhrhiy mjpgh; jpU.tP.fUzypq;fk; epfo;j;jpa tuNtw;Giuiaj; njhlh; e ; J > ,uhkfpU\; z kp\d; jiyth; Rthkp rh; t &ghde; j h[p kfuh[; > ,e; J f; FUkhh; xd; w paj; jiyth; rpt= g.kNdhfuf; FUf;fs; MfpNahh; MrpAiu toq;fpdhh;fs;. ,e;j epfo;tpd;NghJ kPs;FbNaw;wk;> Gdh;tho;T kw;Wk; ,e;J fyhrhu mikr;rh; khz;GkpF Nj.k.Rthkpehjd; gpujk tpUe;jpduhfTk;> aho; ,e;jpa ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

fPhpkiyapy; ePj;jhh; epidT jpdk; (14.08.2015) fPhpkiy rptG+kp klj;jpy; Mb mkhthir md;W ePj;jhh; jpdk; mDl;bf;fg;gl;lJ. ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th;> khkd;w cg jiyth;fshd fyhepjp MW. jpUKUfd;> tpilnfhbr;nry;th; rpd;dj;Jiu jdghyh> nghJr; nrayhsh; jpU. Kj;ijah fjph;fhkehjd; MfpNahUk; gq;Fgw;wpdh;.

mkuh; nry;tuj;jpdk; mth;fSf;F mQ;ryp

,uj;kyhid nry;th ,y;yj;jpy; 09.08.2015 md;W mkuh; nry;tuj;jpdk; mth;fsJ kiwTf;F mQ;ryp epfo;T eilngw;wJ. me;epfo;tpy; jpUkjp uhzp nry;tuj;jpdk; kw;Wk; md;dhuJ FLk;g mq;fj;jth;fSk; fye;Jnfhz;ldh;. khkd;w ek;gpf;ifg;nghWg;ghsh; rigj;jiyth; ,iwrpNuhuj;jpdk; jpU tp. fapyhrgps;is> khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. f.ePyfz;ld;> gpujpj; jiyth; jpU. kh. jtNahfuh[h> nghJr; nrayhsh; jpU. Kj;ijah fjph;fhkehjd;> nghUshsh; jpU Nt. fe;jrhkp> tpLjpfs; FOj; jiytp jpUkjp m. fapyhrgps;is MfpNahUk; epfo;tpd; NghJ fye;Jnfhz;ldh;. ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

mnkhpff ; h rpff ; hf;Nfhtpy; Saivite Tamil Foundation elj;jpa gj;jhz;L epiwT Md;kf P Kfhkpy; Md;kf P r; Rlh; hp\p njhz;Lehjd; RthkpfSk; mjpy; gq;Fgw;wpath;fSk;

khkd;wj;jpy; eilngw;w Mrphpah; F. ghyRg;gpukzpak; mth;fspd; 25Mk; Mz;L rpuhh;jj ; jpd epfo;Tk; %d;W E}y;fspd; ntspaL P k; - 30.08.2015

ïªJ xË

k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

mU£fÉ mku® Ó. Éehá¤j«ã K‹dtnd ahœ¥ghz ef®eš ÿÇš KâajÄœ ntnyªâ å‰¿U¡F« k‹dtnd fªj¥gh kÆÈš V¿ ty«tŸË ïl«bjŒt ahidnahL, ã‹dÄyh moahÇ‹ FiwfŸ Ô®¡f¥ ãufhr âdfudhŒ¡ fh£áešF« m‹dgÇ óuÂÆ‹ kfnd v§fŸ mšybyyh« Ô®¡fkd Äu§Fthna. v¤jidnah k¡fŸthœ Él§fË‹¿ v¤jidnah k¡fŸcz ntJÄ‹¿¥ ã¤jid¥nghš tâÉlÄš yhJthG« bg‰¿Æid¡ fªjhÚ m¿»yhnah, g¤âíl‹ IahÃ‹ òfiH¥ gho¥ giftWik Æšyhj thœîfhz, c¤jkuhŒ¢ rkhjhd ey« áw¡f X« KUfh ÚfUiz brŒthŒ ngh‰¿ k‰wt®¡F¤ JaÇiH¡fh Úâthœî« kJfsî bghŒNJ fUjhbeŠR« bg‰wtiu¥ bgÇnahiu¥ ngQ« g©ò« ngRkiw ahfk¤ij kâ¡F« ngh¡F« f‰w tÇ‹ bjËîiufŸ czU« neh¡F« fha«kd« th¡»dhš jUk« ngQ« e‰wt¤âš Ã‹doia¥ ão¡F« ngW« ešÿÇ‰ fªjhÚ mUŸthŒ ngh‰¿

(e‹¿: ešiy¡Fku‹ ky® - 2003)

ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

ešÿÇ‰ fªjh mUŸthŒ

ïªj¢ RlÇš... ñ

Md;kPfr;Rlhpd; mUs;kly;

,e;J kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia tsk;gLj;Jtjpy; njhlh;e;Jk; khkd;wj;jpd; gazk; mikaNtz;Lk; 4 - (rj;jpatpj;jfh; f. tp. tpf;fpNd];tud; ciu) ñ

ey;Yhhpd; ngUikAk; ey;Yhuhd; kfpikAk;

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ešÿÇ‰ fªjh mUŸthŒ{ešÿ® âU¥òfœ

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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

th\pq;ld; KUfd; Myaj;jpy; ey;Y}h; fe;jd; Njh;j;jpUtpoh

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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ

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k‹kj tUl« MtÂ - òu£lhâ