Hindu oli 19 7 e book

ïªJ xË

1

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL Muk;g epfo;T - 31.07.2015

g+ir topghLfs; eilngWfpd;wd

khkd;w aho; gzpkidapypUe;J ey;Y}h; = Jh;ff; hNjtp kzp kz;lgj;jpwF ; Ch;tykhf mioj;J tug;gLk; fhl;rp

epfo;tpd;NghJ Nkilapy; gpuKfh;fs;

khkd;w mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; kdpjNeakhkzp jpU. tp. fapyhrgps;is jk;gjpapdh; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wp itf;fpwhh;fs;

Nkilapy; ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhr;rhhpa Rthkpfs;> jUkGu MjPdFU Kjy;th; =kj; nksdFkhuRthkpj; jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs;> khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld;> tlkhfhz Kjy;th; rj;jpatpjj; fh; f. tp. tpfN ; d];tud;> rpt= jhD kfhNjtf; FUf;fs;> rpt= rjh. kfhypq ; f; rptf; FUf;fs;> khkd;w mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; kdpjNeakhkzp jpU tp. fapyhrgpsi ; s. ïªJ xË

2

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

c átka«

Ôg« - 19

ïªJ xË

Rl® - 07

k‹kj tUl« Mt¤ â§fŸ 23 M« ehŸ (09.09.2015)

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

gŠr òuhz§fŸ

ey;Y}h; fe;jd; FNguthry; ,uh[NfhGuk;.

âU¢á‰w«gy«

njthu«

rhpj;jpug; gpurpj;jpngw;w ey;Y}h; fe;jd; Nfhapypd; tlf; F tP j papy; eph; k hzpf; f g; g l; l Rkhh; 108 mb caukhd FNgu thry; ,uh[NfhGuj;jpw;F ,k;khjk; 4Mk; jpfjp nts; s pf; f poikad; W fhiy kfh Fk;ghgpN\fk; eilngw;Ws;sJ. 2012Mk; Mz;L mbf;fy; ehl;lg;gl;L %d;W Mz;Lfspy; fl;bKbf;fg;gl;l ,e; j ,uh[NfhGuk; ,g; N ghJ kpfTk; fk; g P u khff; fhl; r paspf; f pwJ. aho; Flhehl; b d; muhypiar; Nrh;e;j <oj;Jr; rpw;gf; fiyQhpd; iftz;zj;jpy; ,f;NfhGuk; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jid ,e;jpa rpw;gf; fiyQh;fs; cUthf;fpapUf;fyhk; vd gyh; fUJfpwhh;fs;. cz;ikapNyNa tajpy; Fiwe;j <oj;J rpw;gf; fiyQh;jhd; NfhGuj;ij cUthf;fpapUf;fpwhh;. ,Nj fiyQh; j hd; 2011 Mk; Mz; b y; ey; Y }h; fe;jd; njw;F thry; ,uh[NfhGuj;ijAk; mw;Gjkhf tbtikj;J gyuJ ghuhl;ilAk; ngw;wth;. ey; Y }h; fe; j g; ngUkhdpd; ,UngUk; ,uh[ NfhGuq;fSk; xUrpy Mz;LfSf;Fs; cUthf;fg; gl;lik mw;Gjkhd epfo;ntdyhk;. FNgu thry; ,uh[NfhGuk; vd;gJ Mya tPjpapd; tljpirapy; miktjhFk;. vl;Lj;jpf;F ghyfh;fspy; xUtdhd FNgud; tljpirf; F chpatd; . eP z ; l fhyk; jtk; nra;J rptngUkhdplk; cah;ej; tuq;fisg; ngw;wtd;. jpirf; f htydhfTk; > epjpfSf; F mjpgjpahfTk; ngUk;NgW ngw;wtd;. tw;whj nry;tj;Jf;F mjpgjpahd FNguid mbg;gilahf itj;Nj FNguthry; NfhGuk; tljpirapy; mikg;gJ tof;fk;. ,e;jpahtpd; gy ,lq;fspy; FNguthry; NfhGuk; tp[aefug; NguuR fhyj; j py; epWtg; g l; l J. <oj; j py; Kjd; K jyhf FNguthry; NfhGuk; ey; Y hh; fe; j g; ngUkhdpd; re;epjhdj;jpy;jhd; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. FNguidj; nja; t khf topgLk; kuG irt rkaj;jth;fsplk; kl;Lkd;wp> Vida kjj;jth;fsplKk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. it\;zth;fs; yl;Rkp FNgud; vd ehkk; R+l;b tzq;Fth;. ,e;jpahtp;y; yl;Rkp FNgud; vd jdpf;Nfhapy;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. tlehl;lth;fs; FNguid cj;juFU vd miog;gJz;L. fjhAjk;

kq;ifah;f; furp tsth;Nfhd; ghit thptisf; ifk;kl khdp

gq;far; nry;tp ghz;bkh Njtp gzpnra;J ehnlhWk; gutg;

nghq;fo YUtd; g+jeh afd;ehy; NtjKk; nghUs;fSk; mUsp

mq;faw; fz;zp jd;ndhL kkh;e;j Myth ahtJ kpJNt! !

âUthrf«

g+RtJk; ntz;zPW g+z;gJTk; nghq;futk; NgRtJk; jpUthahy; kiwNghYq; fhNzB g+RtJk; NgRtJk; g+z;gJTq; nfhz;nld;id <rdtd; vt;Taph;f;Fk; ,ay;ghdhd; rhoNyh!

âUÉir¥gh

gdpgL kjpak; gapy;nfhOe; jd;d gy;ytk; ty;ypnad;W ,q;qd;

tpidgL fdfk; Nghyah itAkha; tPq;FyF xoptw epiwe;J

JdpgL fytp kiykfs; cldha;j; Jhq;fpUs; eLey;ah kj;njd;

kddpil mZfp EZfpAs; fye;Njhd; kUtplk; jpUtpil kUNj!

âU¥gšyh©L

kd;Df jpy;iy tsh;fek; gf;jh;fs; tQ;rfh; Ngha fyg;

nghd;dpd;nra; kz;lgj; Js;Ns GFe;J Gtdp nay;yhk; tpsq;f

md;deil klths; cik Nfhd; mbNah Kf;fUs; Ghpe;J

gpd;idg; gpwtp aWf;f newpje;jgpj; jw;Fg; gy;yhz;L $WJNk!

âU¥òuhz«

Mo;f jPaJ vd;W Xjpw;W may;newp tPo;f vd;wJ NtW vy;yhk; mud;ngah; R+o;f vd;wJ njhy; caph; ahitAk; thop mQ;nrOj;J Xjp tsh;fNt! ïªJ xË

1

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

FNguDila MAjkhFk;. FNgud; etepjpfspd; mjpgjpahfTk; tpsq;Ffpwhd;. rq;fepjp> gJkepjp cl;gl etepjpfs; xd;gJ NgUf;Fk; ,tNd jiytd;. ,uhtzDf;F Kd; rptg+kpahfpa ,yq;fhGhpia rptgf; j dhd FNguNd rfy rpwg; G f; f Sld; Ml;rpGhpe;jhd; vd Guhzq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. Gj;j kjj;jth;fs; FNguDf;F it\;tzh vd ehkk; R+l;b topgl;L tUfpd;wdh;. FNgu ae;jpuk;> FNgu ahfk; vd epjpNtz;b g+[pf;Fk; kuGk; cz;L. jpUg;gjp Nfhapy; VOkiyahDf;F FNgud; fld; nfhLj; j hd; vd; W xU IjP f k; cz; L . jpUg; g jp Nfhapypd; tlf;F tPjpapy; FNgu fhzpf;if vd;w ngahpy; cz; b ay; itf; f g; g l; b Ug; g Jld; me; j cz;baypy; epjp ,Lgth;fs; rfy nry;tq;fSk; ngWth; vd;w IjPfk; ,d;W tiuAk; cz;L. FNgu topghL njd;fpof;F Mrpa ehLfs; KOtjpYk; gutpapUe; J s; s J. [g; g hdpah; f spilNa FNgu topghL cz;L. Fw;wk; nra;gth;fisj; jz;bf;Fk; nja; t khf FNguidf; fUJfpd; w hh; f s; . ghsp nkhopapy; FNguf; flTs; gw;wpa gy fijfs; cz;L. ghsp nkhopapy; FNguid Nt\; r gzd; vd miog;gjhf mwpQh;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. irt kugpy; rptdpd; NguUs; ngw;w FNgudpd; jpirahff; fUjg;gLk; tljpf;F vy;iyapy; ,e;j ,uh[NfhGuk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sik GJikNa. etjsq;fisf; nfhz;l ,f;NfhGuj;jpy; etthry;fs; ,U kUq; f pYk; FNgu rpw; g k; kl; L k; cUt mikg;gpy; nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kpf tpj;jpahrkhd mikg;gpy; NfhGuk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. epjpf;F mjpgjpahf ,Uf; F k; FNguf; flTs; tlGyj; J kf;fis thoitf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; ,e;j ,uh[NfhGuk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ey;Y}h; fe;jg; ngUkhd; fdit edthf;Fk; nja;tk;. ahhplKk; ,ue;J Nfl;fhkNy Myaj;jpd; jpUg;gzpfs; epiwNtwptUtJk; tof;fk;. ey;Y}h; jpUf;Nfhapiy KUfg;ngUkhd; jpUtUshy; Mw;Wg;gLj;Jfpd;w mwq;fhtyh; =khd; Ff= Fkhujh]; khg;ghz Kjypahh; mth;fSk;> mtuJ Vf Gjy;th; Ff= rad; khg;ghz Kjypahh; mth;fSk;> mikjpahf> mw;Gjkhf Mw;wptUk; jpUg;gzpia mbahh;fs; tpae; J Nghw; W fpwhh; f s; . mitf; F Kd; t uhJ> mbahh; f Ss; mbahuhf epd; W mwq; f htyh; f s; rhjpj;JtUk; nraw;ghLfs; nja;tj; jpUtUNs!

thœ¤J Ja;aNjhh; kiwfshYk; Jjpj;jplw; fhpa nrt;Nts; nra;aNg ubfs; tho;f NrtYk; kapYk; tho;f nta;aR+h; khh;G fPz;l Nty;gil tho;f ngha;apy; rPubah; tho;f! tho;ftpg; Gtdnky;yhk;!

ïªJ xË m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya¤â‹ btËpL

ešiy¡ fªj‹ knfh‰rt áw¥ãjœ k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ (09. 09 .2015)

MáÇa® FG : âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹ fyhÃâ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh âU. j. kndhfu‹ âU. m. fdfNÇa® xU ãuâÆ‹¬ Éiy %gh 50.00 tUlhªj¢ rªjh (cŸehL) %gh 300.00

(jgh‰ bryî jÅ)

tUlhªj¢ rªjh (btËehL) US blhy® 15

m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« A.C. H. C. f£ol«

91/5, nr® á‰w«gy« V. fh®od® kht¤ij, bfhG«ò - 2, ïy§if. ahœ gÂkid : 211/17, nfhÉš åâ, ešÿ®, ahœ¥ghz«. ïiza¤js« Ä‹dŠrš bjhiyngá

ïªJ xËÆš btËÆl¥g£LŸs f£LiufËš bjÇÉ¡f¥g£LŸs fU¤J¡fŸ M¡»nah‹fSilanj.

HINDU OLI Publication of

HINDU RESEARCH CENTRE OF

ALL CEYLON HINDU CONGRESS Nallai Kanthan Mahotsava Special Issue - 09.09.2015

Editorial Board : Mr. Kandiah Neelakandan Dr. Aru. Thirumurugan Dr. Muthiah Kathirgamanathan Dr. M. Balakailasanatha Sarma Mr. D. Manoharan Mr. A. Kanagasooriar Price Rs. 50.00 Annual Subscription (Inland) Rs. 300.00 (Excluding Postage) Annual Subscription (Foreign) U. S. $ 15 (Including Postage)

ALL CEYLON HINDU CONGRESS A.C.H.C. Bldg.

91/5, Sir Chittampalam A. Gardiner Mawatha Colombo - 2, Sri Lanka.

Jaffna Office : 211/17, Temple Road, Nallur, Jaffna.

Website : http://www.hinducongress.lk E-Mail : hinducongress@gmail.com Telephone No.: 011 2434990, Fax No.: 011 2344720

mL¤j Rl®

Views expressed in the articles in Hindu Oli are those of the contributors.

k‹kj tUl« I¥gá - fh®¤âif ïªJ xË

: http:/www.hinducongress.lk : hinducongress@gmail.com : 0112434990, bjhiyefš : 0112344720

ISSN : 2012 - 9645

2

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

mUŸ klš ey;Y}h; KUfDf;F th\pq;ldpYk; Njh;j;jpUtpoh Fk;ghgpN\fk; eilngw;wJ. ,e;j Fk;ghgpN\fj;jpw;F FUNjth; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa RthkpfSld; nrd;W fye;J nfhs;Sk; tha;g;G mbNaDf;F fpilj;jJ. <oj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU rpj;jpuj;Njh; nra;ag;gl;L mnkhpf;fhtpw;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;L xt;nthU tUlKk; Mtzp khjk; ey;Y}h; - fjph;fhk KUfd; Njh;jj ; pUtpoh vd;w ngahpy; jpUtpohTk; tpkhpirahf eilngw;W tUfpwJ. ,e;jr; rpj;jpuj; NjhpNy ey;Y}hpy; tho;e;j Qhdpfshfpa Njubr; rpj;jh; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs;> Nahfh; Rthkpfs;> filapw; Rthkpfs; Nghd;wth;fspd; cUtq;fSk; rpw;gq;fshf nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j ,ujj;jpNy KUfd; gtdptUtJ fz;nfhs;shf; fhl;rpahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j Myaj;jpNy mWgj;J%d;W ehad; k hh; f spd; jpUTUtq; f Sk; gpujp\; i l nra;ag;gl;L ,Ug;gJ xU jdpj;JtkhFk;. <oj;J khKdpth; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; Mrpngw;w Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfspd; MrpAlDk; kw;Wk; jpUKUf fpUghde; j thhpahh; > Rthkp rr; r pjhde; j h Nghd; w kfhd; f spd; MrpAlDk; mnkhpf;fh tho; irtj;jkpo; mbath;fshy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ,e;j Myak; ,d;W mnkhpf;f jiyefhpy; xU jdpj; J tkhd Myakhfj; jpfo;fpwJ. tUle;NjhWk; Mtzp khjk; <oj;J irth;fs; ey;Y}Uf;F ahj;jpiu tUtJ Nghy; tl mnkhpf;fh vq;Fk; gue;J thOk; <oj;J irtkf;fs; th\pq;lDf;F te;J ey;Y}h; KUfd; NjNuwp tUtij fz;L tzq;FtNjhL> fhtb vLj;Jk;> md;djhdq;fs; nra;Jk; jkJ topghLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. th\pq; l idAk; mjid mz; b a efuq; f spYk; thOk; irt ,isQh;fs; me;j Myaj;Jf;F te;J rpukjhdg;gzp nra;tijf; fz;L g+hpg;gile;Njd;. mq;Fs;s ,isa jiyKiwapdUf;F irtrkaj;ij Nghjpf;Fk; xU ghf;fpaj;ijAk; ey;Y}h; KUfd; mbNaDf;F mUspAs;shh;.

KUfg; ngUkhdpd; fpUigahy; mnkhpf; f j; jiyefhpy; xU Gjpa irtj;jkpo; jiyKiwapdh; cUthFtijapl;L kdg;g+hpg;gilfpd;Nwd;. KUfdpd; fUizNa fUiz!

jkpo;f; flTshk; KUfg; ngUkhdpd; jiyaha

<oj;Jj; jpUj;jyk; ey;Y}h; Nfhapy;. gy;yhapuk; Mz;L goiktha;e;j ,j;jpUj;jyk; gy rpj;jh;fs;> Qhdpah; tho;e;j Gz;zpa g+kpahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. Mtzp khjk; te;J tpl;lhy; ey;Y}h;j; jpUtpoh <oj;J irtkf;fSf;F xU ngUtpohthfNt mikfpwJ. <oj;jpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; ,Ue;J mbath;fs; ey;Y}h;j; jpUtpohf; fhyq;fspy; ahj;jpiu nra;J vk;ngUkhdpd; ey;yUisg; ngWfpd;whh;fs;. Fwpg;ghf ey;Yhh;j; Njh;j;jpUtpoh <oj;J irtkf;fSf;F xU Kf;fpa jpdkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. <oj;jpy; ey;Y }h; j ; jpUtpoh rpwg; g hf miktJ Nghd;W> mnkhpf;fhtpd; jiyefuhd th\pq;ldpYk; ey;Y}h; KUfd; tUlh tUlk; Njhpy; gtdp tUtJ gyUf;Fk; tpag;ghf ,Uf;fyhk;. aho;g;ghz Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; Mrp ngw;W `tha; khepyj;jpy; xU irt MjPdj;ijAk; rpthyaj;ijAk; epWtpdhh; FUNjth; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; . ,e; j `tha; irt MjPdj;Jf;F ey;Y}iug; gpwg;gplkhff; nfhz;L mnkhpf;fhtpy; thOk; jpU. jpUkjp rutzgtd; jk;gjpfs; 1982 Mk; Mz;L ahj;jpiu nra;jhh;fs;. mth; f s; FUNjthplk; jhKk; rpy mbath;fSkhfr; Nrh;e;J th\pq; l dpy; xU ,e; J f; N fhapiy mikg;gjw;F Kaw;rpg;gjhfTk;> mjw;F gy jilfs; Vw; g l; b Ug; g jhfTk; njhptpj; j hh; f s; . mth; f spd; tpUg; g j; i j nrtpkLj;j FUNjth; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs;> mth; f splk; fUq; f y; y pyhyhd xU tpehafh; tpf;fpufj;ijf; nfhLj;J> tpehafiu Kd; itj;J mnkhpf;fh jiyefuhd th\pq;ld; efhpy; xU KUfd; Nfhapiyf; fl;LkhW mUspdhh;. rutzgtd; jk; g jpfs; jq; f sJ tP l ; b y; me; j tpehafu; tpf; f pufj; i j itj; J topghLfisr; nra; J te;jhh;fs;. mq;Fs;s mbath;fSk; te;J ,e;j topghLfspy; fye;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,e;j mbath; $l;lk; tsh;r;rp mile;J tl mnkhpf;f KUfd; Nfhapy; jpUg;gzpr; rigahf khwpaJ. ,e; j pa rpw; g hrhhpahh; f spd; iftz;zj;jpy; xU ghhpa Myak; th\pq;ld; efhpy; mikf;fg;gl;L 1999 Mk; Mz;L KUfDf;F kfh ïªJ xË

ÇÎ bjh©Lehj‹ (th\pq;ld; KUfd; Myaj;jpd; ey;Y}h; Njh;jj ; pUtpoh glq;fis ,e;j ,jopd; gpd; ml;il cs;Ns fhzyhk;.)

3

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

,e;J kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia tsk;gLj;Jtjpy; njhlh;e;Jk; khkd;wj;jpd; gazk; mikaNtz;Lk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; mWgjhtJ Mz;L epiwitnahl;b aho;g;ghzj;jpy; elhj;jpa ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL Muk;gehs; (31.07.2015) epfo;tpd;NghJ gpujk tpUe;jpduhff; fye;Jnfhz;l tlkhfhz Kjyikr;rh; rj;jpatpj;jfh; f. tp. tpf;fpNd];tud; mth;fs; epfo;j;jpa ciu.

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;

fhuzq;fSf;fhfj; njhlu;e;J te;j murhq; f q; f spdhy; gpwo; t hfTk; jdJ mWgjhtJ gpwe;j ehisf; jtwhfTk; vOjg;gl;L cz;ikf;Fg; nfhz;lhLk; fhykpJ. mjdhy;jhd; Gwk;ghd rupj;jpu nra;jpfs; NghYk; ,jid xU ,e;J Muha;r;rp vkJ khzt rKjhaj; j pw; F f; khehlhf Mf;fpj; je;Js;shu;fs; $wg; g l; L te; J s; s d. cz; i k vkJ khkd;w mYtyu;fs;. vd; d vd; g ij Muha;e;J mwpe;J ghuk;gupa ,e;J ju;kg;gb kdpj cyfpw; F f; $Wq; fhyk; jw;NghJ tho;f;ifahdJ ehd;F fl;lq;f@ cjpj; J s; s J. ehkhff; $wpdhy; lhfr; nry; t jhff; $Wthu; f s; . vkf; F g; Gypg; g l; l Kk; ; jP t puthjg; mtw;iw Mrpukq;fs; vd;ghu;fs;. gl;lKk; #l;b tpLthu;fs;. tpiutpy; gpukr; r upa Mrpukk; > fpuf]; j ru;tNjr rupj;jpu ty;Yeu; FOnthd;W Mrpukk; > thdg; g pu]; j Mrpukk; > ,yq;ifapd; jkpo; kf;fs; gw;wpAk; re;epahr Mrpukq;fNs mit. ,e;J Muha;rr; p khehl;by; ,e;J xsp kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapy; ,e;J kjk; kdpj capu;fspd; tho;fhy vjpu; Kjw; gpujpapid rj;jpatpj;jfh; gw;wpAk; Muha;e;J Mjhu g+u;tkhd ghu;gG ; $bAs;s ,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; gpukr;rupa tho;f;if vd;gJ gpwg;Gj; f. tp. tpf;fpNd];tud; ntspapl;L itf;fpwhh;. ntspaP n lhd; w pidf; nfhz; L tu Ntz;ba fl;lhak; vOe;Js;sJ. njhlf;fk; Rkhu; ,UgJ taJ tiu cs;@u; rupj;jpuhrpupau;fs; cz;ikia cs;sthW vd;W vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. fpuf];jdpd; ,urpg;Gk; Urpg;Gk; kpf;f kztho;fi ; ff; fhyj;jpd; ePlr ; p ehw;gJ $wg; gag; g Lfpd; w du; my; y J Ntz; L nkd; N w taJ tiu ePbf;Fk; vd;W itj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. gpwo;thff; $wj; jiyg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,d;W gytpjkhd tho;f;i ff; fzf;F fisg; ghu; j ; J f; ifaspf;f mfo;TfSk; fy;ntl;Lf;fSk; cz;ikia cyfwpar; Ntz; b aijf; ifaspj; J > jd; i d Xa; T f; F j; nra;aj; Jbj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. jahu;gLj;Jk; thdg;gpu];j fhyj;ij mWgJ taJ ngsj;jk; ,yq;iff;F tuKd; ,q;F tho;e;j tiu ePbg;gjhff; $wyhk;. murhq;fk; $l mWgjpy; kf; f s; ahu; ? mtu; f s; Ngrpa nkhop vd; d ? mYtyu;fs; jk; mfj;ij Nehf;fpr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; mtu;fspd; ghuk;gupak; vd;d vd;git rk;ge;jkhfr; vd;W rl;lk; tFj;Js;sJ. MfNt re;epahr Mrpukk; ru;tNjr rupj;jpu epGzu; FOnthd;W Mjhug+u;tkhd vd;W miof;fg;gLk; ehd;fhtJ fl;lj;jpw;Fs; tUq; ntspaPnlhd;iwf; nfhz;L te;jhy; ,d;W ,e;j fhyNk mWgjhtJ taJ. ehl; b y; epiyngw; w pUf; F e; jtwhd KbTfs; mg;nghOJ vd;d elf;fpdw ; J vd;W ghu;jN; jhkhdhy; ahtw;iwAe; J}f;fp vwpa Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. tho;f;ifia ,urpj;J> Urpj;J NkYk; tho;f;ifapy; mg; N gu; g ; g l; l FOnthd; i w epakpf; f vkJ mbgl;L ,bgl;L te;j ehq;fs; mJtiu fhyKk; Gyk; n gau; e ; j jkpo; - ,e; J rNfhju rNfhjupfs; vq; f isg; gw; w p Muha Neukpy; y hky; ,Ue; J Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. Kd;tUthu;fs; vd;w ek;gpf;if tpLfpd;Nwhk;. ehk; ahu;? ehk; vjw;fhfg; gpwe;Njhk;? vdf;Fs;sJ. ,d;W ,uhtzd; xU rpq;fstu; vd;W ehk; vij Nehf;fpr; nry;fpd;Nwhk;? vkJ J}u fhy $Wthu; $l ,e;ehl;by; cs;shu;fs;. rpq;fsnkhop Nehf;fk; vd;d? vd;W mg;nghOJjhd; Nahrpf;fj; vt;thW> vg;NghJ cjpj;jJ> me;j nkhopiag; njhlq;Ffpd;Nwhk;. vk;ikg; gw;wp Muhaj; njhlq;Fk; Ngrj; njhlq;fpa gpd;du;jhd; mtu;fs; rpq;fstu; fhyNk re;epahr fhyk;. mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; vd;w ehkj;ijg; ngw;whu;fs;; vd;gJ gw;wpnay;yhk; ,g;nghOJ re;epahr fhyj;ij mile;Js;sJ vd;W vkJ kf; f s; MuhahJ ,Ue; J tUtjhy; j hd; milahsk; fz;L NghYk; ,e;j khehl;il ,e;J ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd; mlf;F Kiw fl;Lf;flq;fhJ Muha;r;rp khehlhf Mf;fpj; je;Js;shu;fs;. vk;ikg; nray;gLfpd;wJ. cz;ikia czu;e;J ciuj;jpl gw;wp Muha Ntz;ba fhyk; fdpe;Js;sJ vd;gijf; ehq;fs; gpd;epw;ff; $lhJ. $whky; $wpAs;shu;fs; vkJ mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J vdNt> Muha;r;rp vd;gJ kpf kpf Kf;fpakhf khkd;wj;jpdu;. ,d; i wa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. mij murpay; uPjpahfg; ghu;j;jhYk; vk;ikg; gw;wp czu; e;J ,k;khehl;il ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehlhf ehk; Muha Ntz;ba fhyj;ij ehk; vl;bAs;Nshk; cUthf; f pa midtUf; F k; Kjw; f z; vq; f s; vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. mjhtJ ,Jtiu fhyKk; ed; w pfs; cupj;jhFf! vkJ ehl; b d; rupj; j puk; jdpg; g l; l murpay; ïªJ xË

4

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

ehisa jpdk; rkfhy mku; T %d; w hdJ ,yq;if ,e;J kj tuyhWk;> njhy;ypaYk; vd;w nghUs; gw;wp Muhag;Nghtij ehd; ftdpj;Njd;. ,Uf;Fk; jw;Nghija rhd;Wfspd; mbg;gilapy; ,yq;ifapd; g+u;tPff; Fbfs; ahu;> mtu;fs; vq;F tho;e;jhu;fs;> mtu;fSf;Fj; njd;dpe;jpa kf;fl; $l;lj;jpdUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,Ue;j njhlu;ngd;d Nghd;w tplaq;fisAk; me;j mku;tpy; Muha;thu;fs; vd;W vjpu;ghu;ff ; pd;Nwd;. cz;ikia ntspg;gLj;jhJ Cikauha;r; nrtplu;fsha;f; FUlu;fsha; capu; tho;Nthkhdhy; vkJ tUq;fhyr; re;jjpapdNu ghjpf;fg;gLtu;. vk;Ks; gyu; ehq;fs; gj;jhk; E}w;whz;by; Nrhou; gilnaLj;J te;jNghJ ,q;F te;jtu;fs; jhNd vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;shu;fs;. Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gl;lk; ngw;w xU mk;ikahu; vd;dplk; mt;thNw Nfl;lhu;. ehk; gj;jhk; E}w;whz;by; te;jtu;fs; jhNd vd;W Nfl;lhu;. mtu; fUj;J jtW vd;gij Cuwpa cyfwpa ehq;fs; Muha;e;J Mjhug+u;tkhff; $wNtz;Lk;. gj;jhk; E}w;whz;bYk; te;Njhk;. mjw;F Kd; gy;yhapu tUlfhyKk; ehq;fs; ,q;F tho;e;J te;Js;Nshk; vd;gij cyfwpar; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. rupj;jpuk; gbj;j rhd;Nwhu;fs; ,q;fpUf;Fk; NghJ ,e;J kj tuyhW gw;wpNah njhy;ypay; gw;wpNah Ngr vdf;Ff; $r;rkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. vdpDk; mtu;fs; vOjp itj; j E}y; f s; j hd; vkJ KbTfSf; F MzpNtu;. vkJ fUj;Jf;fSf;Ff; fUt+yk;. Mdhy; ehq; f s; xd; i w ,g; n ghOJ Nguhrpupau; f splk; Nfs; t pf; f plkhf; f Ntz; L k; . ,Jtiu fhyKk; rw;Wj; jaq;fpj; jaq;fpr; nrhd;d thu;j;ijfisr; rw;Wj; jplkhf ,dpf;$wpdhy; vd;d vd;gJjhd; vd; Nfs;tp. Nguhrpupau; ,e;jpuFkhu; mtu;fs; gj;jhk; E}w; w hz; b y; jkpoupd; epue; j uf; FbapUg; G f; f s; ,Ue;jikf;F Mjhuk; cz;L vd;W $wg;Ngha; mJNt jkpou;fs; gj;jhk; E}w;whz;by; jhd; ,q;F te;J FbNawpdhu;fs; vd;W rpy murpay;thjpfisf; $r;rypl itj;jJ. vkJ rupj;jpuk; gw;wp vOjg; Nghjpa jlaq;fs;> rhd;Wfs; ,y;yhjpUe;j fhyk; ,Ue;jnjd;dNth cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy; ,g;NghJ fpilj; j pUf; F k; gy; t pjkhd fy; n tl; L f; f Sk; rhd;WfSk; clNdNa ntspaplg;gl;L mit $Wk; rupj;jpuj;ij cyfwpar; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mtw;iwg; guprPypf;fj; jilfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; mitfSk; cyfj;jpw;Fj; njupag;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. gpwehl;L ey; y wpQu; f s; vkf; N fw; g l; b Uf; F k; epiyapid ed;fwpe;J itj;jpUf;Fk; fhykpJ. MfNt mtw;iwf; $Wtjhy; vkf;F ed;ikNa fpilf;Fk;. mz; i kapy; ehd; mnkupf; f h> gpupj; j hdpah Nghd;w ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;wjpy; ,uz;L tplaq;fisg; Gupe;Jnfhz;Nld;. vkJ cwTfs; jkpiog; Gwf;fzpf;ftpy;iy. jkpou; ghuk;gupaj;ijg; Gwf;fzpf;ftpy;iy. ,e;J kjj;ij kwf;ftpy;iy. ,e;J kjg; ghuk;gupaj;ij kwf;ftpy;iy. khwhfj; jkJ thupRfSf;Fk; jkpo; czu;itAk; ,e;Jkj czu;itAk; jkpopy; ghz;baj;jpaj;ijAk; ,e;J kjj;jpy; <Lghl;ilAk; GFj;j> Gfl;lg; ghLgl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;. mLj;J jkpou; jk; ghuk;gupaj;ij ïªJ xË

my; y J ,e; J kjg; ghuk; g upaj; i j Muha; e ; J cyfwpar; nra;a> jhk; mjw;F cw;w Jizahf ,Uf;f> mtu;fs; Mtyhf cs;shu;fs;. gpwehl;L ey;ywpQu;fSf;F vk; ghuk;gupak; gw;wp Gupe;Jzu;it Vw;gLj;jp tUfpd;whu;fs;. vdNtjhd; vkJ Gyk;ngau; cwTfspd; cjtpfSld; ru;tNjr rupj;jpu epGzu; FO xd;W cUthf;fg;gl;L ,Jtiu ntspte;jpUf;Fk; vkJ rhd;Wfs; gytw;iwAk; Muha;e;J ghu;j;J vkJ tuyhW gw;wpa Mjhug+u;tkhd ntspaPLfisf; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;Nwd;. ,d;iwa ntspehl;L kf;fs;; ehd; rw;W Kd;du; $wpaJ Nghd;W vkJ epiygw;wp ed;F mwpe;J itj;Js;shu;fs;. ,q;F vd;d ele;J tUfpd;wJ vd;gJ gw;wpa Nghjpa mwpitf; nfhz;Ls;shu;fs;. gpurpj;jp ngw;w rupj;jputpayhsu;fs; Muha;e;J vkJ tuyhW gw;wp cupathW Muha;r;rpg; gilg;Gf;fis cUthf; f pdhu; f s; vd; w hy; ; ,Jtiu mz; i kf; fhyq;fspy; cs;ehl;by; khw;wg;gl;L gpwo;thfj; jug;gl;L te;j rupj;jpuj;jpd; cz;ik ngha;ikfs; ntspg;gLj;jg;glyhk;. xUKiw rhu;f; ehLfspd; rl;lf; fUj;juq;fj;jpw;F ehd; lhf;fh nrd;wpUe;Njd;. mg;NghJ xU rpNu\;l rpq;fsr; rl;lj;juzp gq;fshNj\py; cs;stu;fs; ahtUk; vkJ rpq; f stu; f s; Nghyf; fhl; r p mspf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;W $wp ehq;fs; ahtUk; Mupau; vd;Wk; $wpdhu;. ehd; clNd> ghu;j;jhy; vy;NyhUNk jpuhtplu;fs; Nghyy;yth fhl;rp mspf;fpd;wPu;fs; vd;W tpisahl;lhff; $wpNdd;. Mdhy; cz;ik mJjhd;. ntspehLfspd; cjtpapd;wp> ru;tNjr r%fj;jpd; mOj;jk; ,d;wp vk;ehl;;bd; murpay; mjpfhu gPle; jd;id khw;w Kd;tuhJ. MfNt vkJ Muha;Tfs; ntWkNd jkpopy; kl;Lk; ntspte;J gadpy;iy. ntspehl; L nkhopfspy; nkhopngau; j ; j htJ ntsptuNtz;Lk;. ~~kiwthf ekf;Fs;Ns goq;fijfs; nrhy;tjpNyhu; kfpik ,y;iy@ jpwkhd Gyiknadpy; ntspehl;Nlhu; mij tzq;fr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;|| vd; w hd; ghujp. Mdhy; ,d; W ehkhf vijg; gilj;jhYk; mjw;Fg; Gypg;gl;lk; fl;lg;gLfpwJ. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; ntspehl;Nlhu; cjtpAld; jpwkhd Gyikia ehq;fs; cUthf;f ciof;f Ntz;Lk;.

Nguhrpupau; Rdpy; Mupauj;d mtu;fs; vOjpa 'njky ngsj;jNah" my;yJ 'jkpo; ngsj;ju;fs;" vd; w E}ypd; kW gjpg; i g tutplhJ ngsj; j gpf;Ffspd; Fohk; xd;W jLj;jJ gw;wp cq;fSf;F epidtpUf;fyhk;. mjhtJ jkpou;fs; ngsj;ju;fshfr; rpyfhyk; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mq;fpUf;Fk; ngsj;j vr;rk; rpq;fstu;fs; ,Ue;jikahy; tpl;Lr; nry;yg;gl;lJ vd;w thjk; mbgl;Lg; Ngha;tpLk; vd;gjhNyNa mt;thW mtu;fs; jLj;jhu;fs;. mz;ikapy; xUtu; tPl;by; xU E}iyf; fhz Neu;e;jJ. ,yq;if Rw;Wyhj;JiwahdJ ,e;jpa kf;fisf; ftu;e;jpOf;f rpy fhyj;jpw;F Kd;du; ,uhkhaz fhyj;ijAk; ,d;iwa ,yq;ifiaAk; gpizf;Fk; tz;zk;> ,uhkhaz fjhghj;jpuq;fs;> epfo;Tfs; Nghd;wtw;Wld; ,q;Fs;s ,lq;fSk; 5

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

itf;fNt ,e;jg; gpNuuiziaf; nfhz;L te;Njd;. ele; j tw; i w eP q ; f s; czu; e ; J nfhz; l hy; j hd; vkf;Fs; ey;ypzf;fk; Vw;glyhk;. cz;ikiaj; njupe;J nfhz;lhy;jhd; ehq;fs; nra;j gpiofisf; iftpl;L ey;ypzf;fk; Nehf;fp elf;fyhk; vd;Nwd;. mj;Jld; rl;lg;gb ,dg;gLnfhiyiag; ghu;gg ; J xU Nfhzk;. ahu; ,dg;gLnfhiyapy; <Lgl;lhu;fs;> mJ ,dg;gLnfhiyah? Mjhuq;fs; cz;lh?> vd;nwy;yhk; Nfl;gJ rl;luPjpahd Nfs;tpfs;. ehd; Fwpg;gpLtJ r%f uP j pahd tplaq; f is; vkf; F ele; j ij. ,yq;if g+uhfTk; vd; ,sikf;fhyj;jpy; gue;J tho;e;j jkpo; kf;fis vt;thW ePq;fs; mbj;Jj; Juj; j pj; njw; i f cq; f s; r%fj; j pdu; f Sf; F khj;jpuk; vd;W Mf;fptpl;Bu;fNsh mijg; gw;wpj;jhd; ehd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;Nwd;” vd;W $wpNdd;;. vkJ gpNuuizia ntspehl;Lg; gpw ,d kf;fs; thrpj;J mwpe;J ,yq;if ehl;by; ele;Js;sij mwpe;J itj;jpUf;fpd;whu;fs;. mnkupf;fh> gpupj;jhdpah Nghd;w ehLfspy; nts;isf;fhuu;fs; vkJ epiy gw;wp mwpe;J itj;jpUf;Fk; msitf; fz;L ehd; gpukpj;J tpl;Nld;. vkf;F ele;jJ xU GwkpUf;f> vkJ ghuk; g upak; gw; w pAk; mtu; f s; mwpe; J itj;Js;shu;fs;. Mdhy; rupj;jpu uPjpahd Vw;Gila gilg; G f; f is Ntz; b epw; f pd; w hu; f s; . mjid mtu;fSf;Ff; ifaspg;gJ cq;fs; nghWg;G vd;W $wNt vkJ ,dg;gLnfhiy gw;wpa gpNuuiz gw;wp ,q;F gpu];jhgpf;f Ntz;b te;jJ. ,d; W ehk; xU tP o ; e ; j ,dkhf vk; i k ehNk Vkhw; w p tUfpd; N whk; . mJNghy; thOk; ,dkhf ngUk;ghd;ikapdu; cyfpw;Fj; jk;ikf; fhl;b tUfpd;whu;fs;. Nju;jypy; Njitaw;wtu;fs; Nju; e ; n jLf; f g; g l; l hYk; ehk; tP o ; e ; j ,dj; j pdu; my;y vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;lNt rupj;jpu uPjpapyhd ntspaPLfs; tpiutpy; ntsptuNtz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij Kd;itj;Njd;. ehd; ,q;F murpay; NgRtjhf vkJ rNfhju rNfhjupfs; tprdg;glf; $lhJ. ,e;ehl;bd; murpaYf;F mbg;gilahf mike;jpUe;jNj vkJ tuyhw;Wg; gpwo;TfSk; gpiofSe;jhd;. tlfpof;F khfhzj;jpy; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf ,Ue;j jkpo;NgRk; kf;fis kw;iwa VO khfhzj;jpd; kf;fSld; Nru;jJ ; g; ghu;jJ ; mtu;fisr; rpWghd;ikapdu; Mf;fpaNj murpay;jhd;. 1919 Mk; Mz;by; gpupj;jhdpau; vk;ik Mz;l NghJ mtu;fs; ,d uPjpahf vk;ik newpg;gLj;jp> ,dq;fSf;F Ntz;batw;iwf; ifaspf;f Mtd nra;jhu;fs;. ,d uPjpahf nray;gLtJ jtW gpuNjr thupahfr; nray;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W rpq;fs kf;fl; jiytu;fs; Nfl; L f; n fhz; l hu; f s; . ehl; i lg; gpuNjrq; f shfg; gpupj;J mtw;iw mg;gpuNjr kf;fNs Mz;L tUk; epiy cUthf Ntz;Lk; vd;whu;fs;. ,jid vkJ tl khfhz kf;fs; vjpu;j;jpUe;jhYk; vd; jhahupd; cwtpduhd Nru; . nghd; d k; g yk; mUzhr; r yk; mtu;fs; ,yq;ifia xU xd;wpize;j> xUkpj;j@ If; f paKs; s ehlhf khw; W tnjd; w hy; gpuNjr thupahd Nju;Tf;F ehk; ,lk;nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mbj;Jf; $wpajhy; aho; kf;fspd; jiytu; nfsut rghgjp mtu;fs; mtu; Nfhupf;iff;F ,lkspj;jhu;. mjpypUe;J jhd; vkJ gpur;rpidfs; cUthfpd. kpfr; rpwe;j kdpju; Nru;. nghd;dk;gyk; mUzhr;ryk;

jyq;fSk; ,ju tplaq;fSQ; rk;ge;jg;gl;L ,Ue;jij ntspf; f hl; b gy ntspaP L fisg; gpuRupj; j J. mtw;Ws; xd;iwj;jhd; mtu; tPl;by; Nky;thupahfg; ghu;f;f Neu;e;jJ. Kg;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,lq;fs; milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;L ,uhkhazf; fhyj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gLj;jp me;E}y; ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jijf; fz; N ld; . ,uhkhazk; $Wk; ,yq; f hGup vkJ jw;Nghija ,yq;ifNah vd;gjpy; gy fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,Ug;gij ehdwpNtd;. ,uhkhazk; ntWk; fw;gidf; fijah? my;yJ cz;ikapy; ele; j njhd; w h? vdf; Nfs; t p $l Nfl; f g; g l; L tUtij ehd; mwpNtd;. Mdhy; ehd; $wtUtJ NtW. kfhtk;rj;jpy; mjd; Mrpupau; ngsj;jj;ij tsu;f;f xU fw;gidf; fijiar; nrhy;yg;Ngha; mf; f ijiaNa mbg; g ilahf itj; J ,d; W ngUk;ghd;ik r%fj;jpdu; rupj;jpuj;jpw;F xt;thj fUj; J f; f isg; gug; g p tUfpd; w du; . kfhtk; r k; cz;ikapy; ele;Njwpa rk;gtq;fspd; gjpNt vd;w tpjj;jpy; fUj;Jf;fis ntspapl;L tUfpd;wdu;. mg;gbahapd; ,uhkhazk; rk;ge;jkhd Muha;T vkf;F vg;Ngu;g;gl;l KbTfisj; juty;yJ vd;w Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghu;f;FkhW kjpg;gpw;Fupa vkJ rupj;jpu Mrpupau;fisf; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. kf;fs; kdjpNy Nt&d;wpapUf;Fk; rpy Mo;e;j kjuPjpahd vz;zq;fis ehq;fs; khw;w KbahJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F Gj;ju; ngUkhd; mtu; fhyj;jpy; %d;W Kiw ,yq;if te;jhu; vd;gJk; gy gpzf;Ffisj; jPu;j;J itj;Jr; nrd;whu; vd;gJk; vkJ ngsj;j kf;fs; ek;Gk; tplaq;fs;. Gj;j kjk; ,yq;iff;F tu Kd;dNu Gj;ju; ,q;F te;jhu; vd;nwy;yhk; fijfs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. Gj;jkjk; ,yq;iff;F tuhj fhyj;jpNyNa ,q;F te;jtu; nfsjk Gj;ju; jhd; vd;W vt;thW kf;fs; milahsk; fz;ldu; vd;gJ Nghd;w Nfs;tpfis vtUk; vOg;gpAs;sjhfj; njupatpy; i y. Gj; j u; fhyj; j py; Gj; j gfthd; ,yq;if te;jpUe;jhy; mtupd; Gj;j kjk; kfpe;j NjNuhtpdhy; gpd;ida fhyj;jpy; ,yq;iff;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ vd;W $WtJ nghUj;jkw;wjhf mikAk;. Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glKbahj ,g;Ngu;g;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; gy rpq;fs kf;fspilNa ,d;W epytp tUfpd;wd. mij vtUk; khw;w KbahJ. Mdhy; cz;ikia> cs;s rhd;Wfspd; mbg;gilapy;> ru;t Njr epGzu;fs; thapyhf Cuwpaj; njupa itj; j hy; fhyf; fpukj; j py; mt; T z; i kia kf;fs; Vw;f Ntz;b tUk;. fl;Lf;fijfSf;Fk; fUj;Js;s tuyhw;Wf; fijfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ,ilntspiag; nghJkf;fs; fhyf;fpukj;jpy; Gupe;J nfhs;s tha;g;gpUf;fpd;wJ. mz; i kapy; ehq; f s; ,dg; g Lnfhiygw; w pa gpNuuizia epiwNtw;wpaNghJ ~~tpf;Nd];tudh ,g;Ngu;g;gl;l JNt\k; epiwe;j xU gpNuuizia epiwNtw;wpdhd;?|| vd;W vdJ rpq;fs ez;gu;fs; %f;fpd; Nky; tpuiy itj;jhu;fs;. ~~rl;l uPjpahf ,dg;gLnfhiyia ,tu;fshy; ep&gpf;f KbahNj? mJTk; 67 tUlfhyj;ij Kd;itj;J ,g;gpNuuiz nfhz;L tug;gl;Ls;sJ. ahiuf; Fw;wQ; rhl;Lfpwhu; ,tu; ? || ve; j murhq; f j; i jf; Fwpg; g pLfpd; w hu; ? vd; n wy; y hk; Nfs; t pfs; vOg; g pdhu; f s; . mjw; F ehd; $wpa gjpy; - Kjypy; cq;fisr; rpe;jpf;f ïªJ xË

6

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

fpuhk mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsk; Nghd;wtw;Wld; ,ize; J Rw; W r; Rw; w hliyr; Rj; j g; g Lj; J k; ifq; f upaj; j py; <Lglyhk; . kuq; f s; elyhk; .

Ntz;Lnkdpy; mtu;fspd; md;whl NjitfSf;F Vw;whw; Nghy; nghJkf;fsplk; ,Ue;J ngw;W xU epjpaj;ij cUthf;fp mtu;fSf;F rpwg;Gg; gb toq;fTk; Mtd nra;ayhk;. rptnjhz;lu; mzpfs; irt Myaq; f spd; Rw; W g; Gwj; i jr; Rj; j khf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;batw;iwr; nra;ayhk;. jpUehTf;fuR ehadhupd; csthug; gzp mJthfj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. tskhd fl;Lg;ghLk; tUkhdKk; toq;fg;gl;lhy; vkJ ,isQu;fs; Atjpfs; ,g;Ngu;g;gl;l fpuhk vOr;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; jk;ik ,izj;Jf;nfhs;s Kd; tUthu;fs; vd;W ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. epue;ju Ntiyf;fhff; fhj;J epw;Fk; gyu; $l ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. fpuhk vOr;rpiaAk;> moFgLj;jiyAk;> r%f NritiaAk; ,izj;J xU njhz;bid Mw;wTk; mjd; ghy; rpy nghUshjhu ed;ikfisg; ngwTk; ehk; cjtp nra;jhy; rptnjhz;lu; mzpapdu; ,ilNa Nghjpa xU cj;Ntfj;ij cz;L gz;zyhk; vd;W ehd; ek; G fpd; N wd; . ,t; t hwhd Nritfs; jw; N ghJ tpQ;Qhd g+u;tkhf tpuptile;J xOq;fikf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ru;Nthjak; Nghd;w Nrit mikg;Gf;fs; ,itgw;wp fUj;juq;Ffisf; $l elhj;jp tUfpd;wd. vkJ rptnjhz;lu; mzpfs; Nghjpa gapw;rpfs; ngw Ntz;Lk;. jk;khy; tlkhfhzj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fpuhkq;fs; tsu;r;rp mila KbAk;> tsk; ngw KbAk; vd;w vz;zk; mtu;fs; kdjpy; voNtz;Lk;. ,jw;fhd xU rpwpa mYtyfj;ijj; jpwe;J rptnjhz;lu; mzpfspd; Nritfis xUq;fpizj;J fz;fhzpj;J tu vkJ khkd;wk; Mtd nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mLj;J irt tpj;jfu;fshfg; ghlk; ngWgtu;fs; irt Muha;rr ; papYk; <Lgl Kd;tUthu;fsh? vd;gij ehk; Nfl; l wpa Ntz; L k; . irtj; i jg; gbf; F k; mNjNeuk; vkJ Myaq;fs; gw;wpAk; mtw;wpd; ghuk; g upak; gw; w pAk; Nghu; f ; f hyg; ghjpg; G f; f s; gw;wpAk; mwpe;J ,e;J khkd;wj;jpw;F vLj;jpak;g Kd;tUthu;fsh? vd;W mwpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tl khfhzj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy; Myaq;fs; gw;wpa Muha;r;rpapy; mj;jifatu;fs; ,wq;f ehk; Mtd nra;a Ntz;Lk;. filrpahf eLj;jPu;g;G ikaq;fs; gw;wp xUrpy thu;j;ijfs;. ehd; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ePjpgjpahff; flikahw;wpaNghJ fz;Lnfhz;l xU fhupae;jhd; Nfhapy;fis vt;thW rl;l g+u;tkhff; nfhs;is mbg;gJ vd;gij. gy Nfhapy;fspd; gpzf;Ffs; vk;Kd; ehshe;jk; te;J nrd;wd. rpwpa rpwpa tplaq;fSf;Ff; $l ngupa ngupa rl;lj;juzpfs; <LgLj;jg;gl;ldu;. vd;d elf;fpd;wJ vd;W Muha;e;J ghu;j;jjpy; ju;kfu;j;jhf;fs; ePjpkd;wk; tu Mtyhf ,Ue; j hu; f s; vd; g ijf; fz; L jpLf; F w; N wd; . ju; k fu; j ; j h xUtUf; F tof; n fhd; W ,Ue; j hy; Nfhapy; nrhj;Jf;fNs mtUf;F mDruiz toq;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. rl;lj;juzpfSf;nfd;W Nfhapy; gzj;ijg; ngw;W ju;kfu;jj ; hf;fSk; rl;lj;juzpfSk; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. rl;l g+u;tf; nfhs;isfspy; <Lgl;L te;jhu;fs;. ,jdhy;jhd; Nfhapy; tof;Ffis rkhjhdkhfj; jPug ; g ; njd;whYk; rl;lj;juzpfs; mjw;F ,lkspf;fhJ tof;Ffisf; nfhz;L elj;jNt tpUg;gg;gl;lhu;fs;.

mtu;fs;. Mdhy; jd;idr; Rw;wpapUe;j rpq;fsj; jiytu;fis mtuhy; vil Nghl Kbatpy;iy.

1930 Mk; Mz; L fspy; ~~rpq; f stu; kl; L k; | | mikr;ruitiaAk; rpq;fsj; jiytu;fs; mikj; j hu; f s; . 1956 ,y; ~~rpq; f sk; kl; L k; | | rl;lj;ijAk; nfhz;L te;jhu;fs;. jkpo; kf;fspd; juKzu;e;J mtu;fis Xuk; fl;l epidj;jpUe;j rpq;fsj; jiytu;fspd; cs;nsz;zq;fis czuhJ nray;gl;lhu; nfsutkpf;f mUzhr;ryk; mtu;fs;. mtiug; NghyNt gpiotpl; l tu; ,e; j pahtpd; Kd;ida gpujku; jpU. [t`u;yhy; NeU mtu;fs;. jhk; ,Ue;j kiyAr;rpapy; ,Ue;J ,wq;fp tuKbahj xU epiyapy; mtu; ,Ue;jhu;. 1962 ,y; rPdh ,e;jpag; gpuNjrq;fis Mf;fpukpj;j gpd;du; jhd; mtUf;F Qhdk; gpwe;jJ. MfNt vkf;F vjpuhdtu;fspd; kNdhepiyiaAzu;e;J nrayhw;w Ntz;ba xU epiyapy; ehk; cs;Nshk;. mtu;fspd; nrayhw;wYf;F mj;jpthukhf mike;jpUg;gJ mtu;fs; rpj;jpupj;Js;s fl;Lf;fijfs;. mit fl;Lf;fijfs; jhd; vd;gij ehq;fs; rupj;jpu uPjpahf ep&gpj;Njhkhdhy; mtu;fspd; mj;jpthuNk cyf muq;fpy; Ml;lq;fz;LtpLk;. mjw;F mfpyNjr Muha;rr ; pf; FOtpd; mwpf;ifahdJ Njitg; g Lfpd; w J. mjidg; ngwNt ru; t Njr Muha;r;rpf; FOit epakpf;FkhW Ntz;b epw;fpd;Nwd;. mLj;J vkJ ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; MW jrhg;j tuyhw;iw rw;W Muha;e;J ghu;g;Nghk;. Md;kPfg; gzpfs;> mj;jpahtrpa r%fg; gzpfs;> mjw;F Nky; fy;tpg; gzpfs; vd;W gy gzpfspy; <Lgl;L te;Js;sdu; vkJ khkd;wj;jpdu;. ntspaPLfis ntspapl;L ntw;wp fz;L te;Js;sdu;. fUj;Jg; nghjpe;j ~~,e;J xsp|| vd;d> rkar; rpe;jidfis cs;slf;fpa ciuj;njhFg;Gf;fs; vd;d> ,e;J kf;fSf;fhd ifNaL vd;d> nja;tj; jpUkfs; gw;wpa gilg;Gf;fs; vd;d> ,t;thwhd gytpj ntspaPLfis ,Jtiu fhyKk; ntspapl;L ntw;wpfz;Ls;shu;fs; khkd;wj;jpdu;. xU rpy tplaq;fspy; mtu;fspd; Mu;tk; ,Uf;Fk; msTf;F ,Jtiu Md tplaq;fs; mt;tsthd jpUg;jpiaj; jutpy;iy vd;W mq;fyha;j;Js;shu;fs; mtu;fs;. mtw;iwr; rw;W Muha;e;J ghu;g;Nghk;. rptnjhz;lu; mzpfs; rpwg;Gkpf;fjha; cUthfhJ rw;Wj; njha;eJ ; jsu;eJ ; njhlu;tjha; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. irttpj;jfu; gapw;rpapy; Nghjpa <Lghl;il vkJ ,isa rKjhak; fhl; l Kw; g ltpy; i y vd; W $wpapUf;fpd;whu;fs;. eilKiwapy; cs;s Myag; gpur;rpidfis myrp Muha;eJ ; jPuf ; f ; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l eLj;juP g ; G ; ikak; Nghjpa Mu;tj;ij cz;lhf;fpajhfj; njupatpy;iy vd;W Fiwgl;Ls;shu;fs; vkJ kd;w mYtyu;fs;. ,tw;wpYk; ntw;wpfhz itg;gJ vk; vy;NyhuJk; flikahFk;. tlkhfhzj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; gytpjg; nghJg;gzpfs; ftdpg;ghiuf; fhzf; fhj;J epw;fpd;wd. fpuhkq;fs; NjhWk; Mf;fg+u;t fhupaq;fis rpukjhd mbg;ilapy; Kd; vLj;J Kbj;Jf;nfhLf;f khl;lhu;fsh vk; ,isQu;fs; Atjpfs; vd;W fpuhk kf;fs; vjpu;ghu;jJ ; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. rpy rptnjhz;lu; mzpfs; fpuhkq;fspd; Rw;Wr; #oiyr; Rj;jg;gLj;j Kd;tukhl;lhu;fsh vd;gij vkJ khkd;wj;jpdu; Nfl;lwpa Ntz;Lk;. vkJ tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;> ïªJ xË

7

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

<oj;jpy; GuhzgldKk; jpUKiw kuGk; itj;j] P t ; ud; Nfhtpy;> kJiu> rPhf ; hop> jf;\z Nfhfh; z k; > kA+uk; > fhrp> jpUthtLJiw> rpjk;guk;> MlNfr;ruk;> Mlehjd;> fhs`];jp Nghd;witahk;”. jkpofj;NjhLk;> guj fz;lj;NjhLk; nkhop> gz;ghL> tzpfk;> rkak;> fyhrhuk;> tuyhW> Nfhapy; topghl;L kuG> ,ir> eldk;> fiyfs;> jpUKiw kuG> MjPd kuG> gy;fiyf;fof kuG> cah;fy;tp ,izg;G> jpUkzf;fyg;G> Ma;tpay; cwT vd;gd nfhz;liktJ <ok;. <oj;Jj; njhlh;gpNy ,q;F tp[ak; nra;Ak; jkpof mwpQh;fs;> Qhdpfs;> murpayhsh;fs;> fy;tpkhd;fs;> MjPdj;jh;> jkpofj;ij tpl ,yq;ifahfpa <oj;jpNyNa Fwpg;ghf aho;g;ghzj;jpNyNa irtKk;> jkpOk; Xq;fp tsh;tjha;g; Gfo;e;Jiug;gJ tof;fk;.

<oj; j py; ghly; ngw; w rptj;jyq;fshfj; jpUf; NfhNz];tuKk;> jpUf;NfjPrr ; uKk; ,yq;Ffpd;wd. Njthuj; jpUKiw mUspa Re;juh;> rk;ge;jh; 0 jpUg;gjpfq;fs;> jpUNfhzkiyj; jpUg; g jpfk; > jpUf; N fjP r ; r uj; jpUg; g jpfk; vd;Ws;sd. mit gd;dpU jpUKiwfSs; mlq;Ftd. ml;ltPul;lhd tuyhW $Wk; tPul;lj; jyq;fs; jkpo; ehl;bNy (guj fz;lj;jpNy) cs;sd. “cyfpy; rptj;jyq;fs; 7742 cs;sd. mtw; W s; 3000 cj; j kk; . mitAs; 1000 kpf Nkd; i kahdJ. ,itfspy; rpwe; j J 700. ,itfspy; jiyrpwe;jJ 108. mjpy; kpfKf;fpakhdJ 34. mitfSs; kpfr;rpwe;jit Nrhizryk;> Nfjhu;> Nfhfh;zk;> tpUj;jhr;ryk;> fhQ; r pGuk; > jpUthidf; f h> jpUitahW> Fk;gNfhzk;> jpUtpilkUJ}u;> =tpuQ;rak;> ke; j ukiy> ifyhrk; > jpUtz; z hkiy>

Nguhrpupau;> fyhepjp fdfrghgjp ehNf];tud;

(nkhopj;Jiw> rg;ufKt gy;fiyf;fofk;> ngypFy;Nyhah> ,yq;if.)

mtu; f is cs; s lf; f pa FOnthd; W Mya gupghydk; gw;wpa xU rl;lefiyj; jahupf;f ehq;fs; eltbf;if vLf;fyhk;. mjd; gpd;du; mjidr; rl;lkhf;f Kidayhk;. eLj;jPu;g;G ikak; vd;W $wp tpl;L rl;lj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;NwNd vd;W ePqf ; s; kaf;fkilaf;$lhJ. rl;lj;jpy; fl;lhak; xd;wpUe;jhy;jhd; eLj;jPu;g;G ikaq;fs; eilKiwg; gLj; j g; g Ltd. jd; d pr; i rahd xU eltbf; i f vd;wpUf;Fk; NghJ vtiuAk; fl;lhag;gLj;jp eLj;juP g ; G ; ikaq;fs; Kd; mtu;fisf; nfhz;Ltu KbahJ. mjdhy; jhd; rl;lj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;Nwd;. ,Jtiu fhyKk; ele;J te;j jkJ ghijapy; jhk; ngw;w mDgtq;fis mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd; w k; ftdj; j pw; F vLj; J ,dptug; N ghFk; fhyj;jpy; Kjpu;rr ; pAlDk; jPuf ; f ; juprdj;JlDk; vkJ ,e;J kf;fspd; tho;fi ; fia tsk;gLj;Jk; topfspy; gazQ; nra;a tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;. vkJ tUq;fhyk; tskhf ,Uf;fg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;gjpy; mirf;f Kbahj ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltd; ehd;. mWgJ Kbe;J mDgtq;fs; mjpfk; ngw;W mjp Kd; N dw; w g; ghijapy; cq; f s; khkd; w k; ntw;wpAld; gazpf;f vdJ tho;jJ ; f;fSk; MrpfSk; cupj;jhFf! tsKld; ahtUk; tho tho;j;jp vd; rp;w;Wiuia ,j;Jld; epiwT nra;fpd;Nwd;.

ngsj;j rkaj;jpdUf;F ngsj;j rkar;nrhj;J gw;wpa fl;lisr; rl;lk; xd;W ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. ,e; J Mya gupghydk; gw; w pa xU rl; l k; cUthdhy; ,e;J Myag; gpzf;Ffisj; jPu;f;Fk; topKiwfisAk; mtw;Ws; cs;Nsw;fyhk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. mJgw;wp ,e;J khkd;wk; fuprid vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Mya gupghydk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;ghf vjidAk; mLj;j rpy ehl;fspd; epfo;r;rp epuy; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy vd;W fhz;fpd;Nwd;. vdpDk; mJ gw;wpa my;yJ mjw;F mz;ikj;jhd tplaq;fs; gw;wpa fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wq;fs; tUk;NghJ ,e;Jkj Mya gupghydj;ij cs;slf;fpa xU rl;lj;ij cUthf;FtJ gw;wp vkJ NguwpQu;fs; Muha;e;J jkJ fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwpf; n fhs; s yhk; . gytpjkhd rpf; f y; f s; Mya gupghydj;jpy; ,Ug;gij ehd; mwpNtd;. cjhuzj;jpw;F fpof; F khfhzj; j py; xt; nthU Fbf;F xU rpwg;gk;rk; ,Ug;gijAk; Nfhapy; ghuk;gupak; ,Ug;gijAk; ehq;fs; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Ntw;wplq;fspNyh NtW khfhzq;fspNyh eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; Myag; gupghyd Kiwfis mq;Fs;s vk; kf;fSf;F ehk; mwpKfg;gLj;Jk;NghJ me;je;j ,lq;fspd; jdpj;Jt ghuk;gupaq;fisAk; fUj;jpw;F vLf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. ,d; W rka mwpT gilj; j gytpjkhd Nguhrpupau;fs;> tpupTiuahsu;fs; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. ïªJ xË

8

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

<oj;Jj; jyGuhz tuyhw;wpy; jl;rpz ifyhr Guhzk; <oj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw; w py; jl; r pz ifyhrGuhzk; kpf Kf;fpakhd jy Guhzkhf mike;Js;sJ. jyGuhzj; J f; N f cupa gy gz; G fisf; nfhz; b Uf; f pd; w mNjNtis Gjpa gy mk;rq;fisAk; nfhz;like;Js;sJ. <oj;J ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpapYk; ,g;Guhzk; kpFe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtj;Jf;F cupaJ.

,yf;fpa tsj;jpYk;> tuyhw;W mk;rq;fis ntspf;nfhzu;tjpYk;> gpuhe;jpa tho;tpay; Nfhyq;fis ntspg;gLj;JtjpYk; jl;rpz ifyhrGuhzk; rpwg;gplk; ngWfpd;wJ.

ngUkhs; rutzFkhu; (tpupTiuahsu;> jkpo;j;Jiw> Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofk;)

ey;Yhhpd; ngUikAk; ey;Yhuhd; kfpikAk; aho; Flhehl;bd; ey;Yhh; gpuNjrk; tuyhw;Wg; ngUikAk; Md;kPfr; rpwg;Gk; nfhz;lJ. gz;ila jkpo; kd;dh;fsJ aho;g;ghzj;J Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; NghJ ey;Y}h; ,uhrjhdpahf tpsq;fpaJ. gpd;dhspy; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; Nghw;wpg; ghJfhj;j tsh;j;j MWKf ehtyh; Nghd;w mwpQh; ngUkf;fs;> Qhdpfs; vd;Nghh; gpwe;J tho;e;J rpwg;gpj;j ,lkhf ey;Y}h; ,Ug;gjhy; cah;epiy ngWfpwJ. aho;g;ghzj;J rpj;jh; guk;;giuf;F %ytuhd filapw; Rthkpfs; elkhba Gz;zpa g+kp; ey;Y}h;. ,tiu QhdFUthff; nfhz;l nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; ey;Y}h; Njubapy; tho;e;jth;. ,tuJ rPluhd Nahfh; RthkpfSk; ey;iyf; fe;jdpd; jpUtUs; ngw;wth;. ,j;jifa Qhdguk;giuf;Fk; ey;Y}Uf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlh;G Nkd;ikahdJ. ,e;j tifapy; jdpj;Jtkpf;f ey;Y}hpNy ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; epidthf kzpkz;lgk;;> fyhrhu kz;lgk; vd;gd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,yq;ifapd; xNunahU irt MjPdkhd ey;iy jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; MjPdk;> Jh;f;fhNjtp kzpkz;lgk;> mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;> ,yq;if rpd;kah kp\d;> jpt;a [Ptd rq;fk; cl;gl gy rka fyhrhu kd;wq;fs; vd;gd ey;Y}Uf;F ew;rpwg;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ey;iy efhpNy ,e;J Myaq;fs; gy ,Ue;jhYk; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myaj;jpw;F xU jdpj;JtKz;L. tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kl;Lky;y ,yq;ifapd; fe;j Nfhl;lq;fSs; Kjd;ik ngw;Wk; tpsq;FfpwJ.ey;iyf; fe;jdpd; kNfhw;rt fhyj;jpy; ey;Yhh; kl;Lky;y aho; FlhehNl Gdpjk; ngw;W nja;tPfg; gf;jpf; Nfhykhff; fhl;rp jUk; rpwg;igf; fhzyhk;. ey;Y}h; ,uhrjhdp fhyj;jpy; Kf;fpa Myakhf ey;Y}h; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; jpfo;e;jJ vd;gJ tuyhw;Wg; gjpT.

mf;fhyj;jpy; ehw;wpirf; Nfhapy;fshf ntapYfe;j gps;isahh; Nfhapy; tPukhfhsp mk;kd; Nfhapy; rl;lehjh; Nfhapy; ifyhrehjh; Nfhapy; vd;gd mike;jpUe;jij Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; tuyhw;W Ma;thsh;fs; ,e;j Myaq;fs; ,g;NghJ gpw;fhyj;jpw;Fhpa fiykugpy; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; mtw;wpd; Njhw;wk; aho;g;ghz muRld; njhlh;Gilajha; ,Ug;gjhy; Vida Myaq;fSf;F ,y;yhj ngUikAk; tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gk; ,f;Nfhapy;fSf;F cz;L vd;gijAk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpwhh;fs;. ey;iyf;fe;jdpd; tUlhe;j kNfw;rtg; ngUtpoh Mo mkhthiriaj; njhlh;e;J tUk; r\;bj; jpjpapy; Muk;gkhtJ tof;fk;. me;jtifapy; ,t;tUl kNfhw;rtk; Mf];l; 19 Mk; jpfjpad;W nfhbNaw;wj;Jld; Muk;gkhfp eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ. gj;jhk; ehshfpa Mf];l; 28 Mk; jpfjpad;W kQ;rj; jpUtpohTk;> 16 Mk; ehshfpa nrg;nlk;gh; 3 Mk; jpfjpad;W mUzfphpehjh; cw;rtKk;> 17 Mk; ehshfpa 4 Mk; jpfjpad;W fhh;;j;jpif cw;rtKk; 20 Mk; ehshfpa 7 Mk; jpfjpad;W ifyhr thfd cw;rtKk;> 21 Mk; ehshfpa 8 Mk; jpfjpad;W fhiy f[ty;yp k`hty;yp cw;rtKk;> khiy Nty; tpkhdk; cw;rtKk;> 22 Mk; ehshfpa 9 Mk; jpfjpad;W fhiy njz;lhAjghzp cw;rtKk; (khk;goj; jpUtpoh)> khiy xU Kfj; jpUtpohTk;> 23 Mk; ehshfpa 10 Mk; jpfjpad;W rg;guj; jpUtpohTk;> 24 Mk; ehshfpa 11 Mk; jpfjpad;W ,uNjhw;rtKk;> 25 Mk; ehshfpa 12 Mk; jpfjpad;W jPh;j;Njhw;rtKk; ,lk;ngWtJld;> kWehs; 13 Mk; jpfjpad;W eilngWk; g+q;fhtd cw;rtj;Jld; ,t;tUl kNfhw;rtg; ngUtpoh epiwTngWfpwJ.

gj;njhd;gJ Mz;Lfs; epiwthf kyUk; ,e;J xsp - Md;kPf ,jio ey;iyf; fe;jd; kNfhw;rt rpwg;gpjohf mUs;kpF KUfg; ngUkhdpd; jpUg;ghjq;fspy; rkh;g;gpj;J tzq;fp epw;fpd;Nwhk;. ïªJ xË

9

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

âUtU£bghÈî Ä¡f ešÿ® fªjRthÄ nfhÉš fyhepjp Fkhurhkp NrhkRe;juk;

rhpj;jpug; gpurpj;jpAk; jpUtUl; nghypTk; moFr;

E}y;fSk;> gpw;fhy tuyhw;W Ma;thsHfspd; Ma;Tf; Fwpg;GfSk; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd. Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; goik tha;e;j njhd;ikr; rpwg;gpidf; nfhz;lJ ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;. aho;g;ghz jkpo; kd;dHfs; fhyj;jpy; mofpa ngUq; Nfhtpyhfg; nghypTld; tpsq;fpa ,t;thyak;> gpd;dH INuhg;gpa me;epahpd; Mf;fpukpg;ghy; mopTw;W> gpd; fp.gp. gjpndl;lhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy;> jw;Nghija Myak; kPsTk; fl;b vOg;gg;gl;lJ. w ~~aho;gg ; hzj;ij Mz;l jkpo; murHfs; xUtH gpd; xUtuha;g; gd;dpUtHf;F Nkw;gl;ltHfs;. mtHfSs; xUtdhd jkpourdpd; ke;jphp> GtNdfghF> mtH gpuhkzH> fq;fhjuf; FUf;fs; vd;gJ mthpaw; ngaH. mth; fp.gp. 950 - ,y; ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapiyf; fl;bdhH.|| ,t;thW gz;bjkzp rp.fzgjpg;gps;is> ~~ehtyUk; GuhzgldKk;||> vd;Dk; jkJ fl;Liuapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

nropg;Gk; Md;kpfr; #oYk;> md;gH jpUf;$l;lKk;> J}a;ikr; rpwg;Gk;> Mya ghpghydr; rPHikAk;> epj;jpa iekpj;jpaf; fphpiafspy; Neu Kfhikj;Jt xOq; F k; > fe; j Guhz fyhrhuk; Ngzg; g Ltjpy; cWjpAk;> mbahHfspd; xOq;Fk; xj;Jiog;Gk;> rpthr; r hhpaHfspd; Md; k pfr; N rit czHTk; FUj;Jtr; rpwg;Gk;> Njub Qhdpahpd; kfpikAk;> fe;jd; fUizAk; epuk;gg; ngw;w rpwg;gpidAilaJ ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myak;. ~~aho;g;ghzj;jpy; cs;s CHfspNy ey;y CH ey;Y}h;. mJ jiyrpwe;jnjhU Gz;zpa Nr\j;jpuk;. ,e;jj; jpt;tpa Nr\j;jpuj;jpNy rpj;jpnaa;jpa kfhd; xUthpd; Mj;kPf miy> <oehL OOtjpYk;> ghuj ehl; b Yk; > mg; g hNyAk; gutpapUg; g J gpurpj; j k; . ,q;Nf KUfdpd; jpUtUs; nts;sk; gputhfpf;fpd;wJ. tUle;NjhWk; vz;zpwe;jtHfs; mfKk; GwKe; Jauha; ca;jpjiyf; $Lfpd;whHfs;.~~ ,t;thW gz;bjkzp rp.fzgjpg;gps;is Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gJ> ey;Y}hpd; jy tpNrlj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;Ltjhf mikfpd;wJ. ,q;F $wg;gl;Ls;s kfhd;> gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; capHg;gpj;J tsHj;j =y= MWKfehtyH MthH vd;gJ njspT.

~~,yf;fpa rfhj;j nkz;Z}w; nwOgjh khz;lnjy;iy myHnghtp khiy khH;g dhk;GtNdfthF eykpF aho;g;ghzj;J efhpfl;Ltpj;j ey;iyf; Fytpa fe;jNtl;Ff; NfhapYk; Ghptpj;jhNd||.

~ifyhakhiy|> vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,r; n ra; A s; mtuJ fUj; J f; F Mjhukhff; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s GtNdthF> jphprq;fNghjp vdTk; miof;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gJ M. Kj;Jj;jk;gpg;gps;is mth;fs; vOjpa ~~aho;g;ghzr; rhpj;jpuk;||> vd;Dk; E}ypy; tpRtehj rh];jphpahH rk;gtf;Fwpg;G vDk; ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpapypUe;J vLj;Jf; fhl;ba gpd;tUk; nra;AspypUe;J njhpa tUfpwJ.

~~ve;ehSk; ey;Y}iu tyk; te;J tzq;fpdhy; ,lh;fnsy;yhk; NghNk|| vd;Wk;> ~~rhh;e;jth;f;Fr; rhfh tuq;nfhLf;Fk; ey;Y}iu tPo;e;J vOe;J Fk;gpLtha; tpiue;J||

vd;Wk; $wp vk;iknay;yhk; $tp miof;fpwhh;> rptNahfh; Rthkpfs;. ey;iyf;fe;jd;> moFf; fe;jdhf> myq;fhuf; fe;jdhf ey;Y}hpy; mkHe;J mUshl;rp Ghpfpd;whd;. ey;Y}H Myaj;ij tyk; te;J ehSk; kdk;> nkhop> nka;j;J}a;ikAld; Jjpg;NghHf;Fg; go tpidfspd; ge;jpg;G> GJ tpidfspd; re;jpg;G> gw;Wfs; <a;e;j nte;jpg;G> gy;yhw;whYk; NeHe;j ke;jpg;G midj;Jk; ePq;fg; ngw;WtpLk;. tho;tpy; vQ;Qhd;Wk; jpj;jpg;G> ,dpik> moF> xOq;F kpspUk;. ey;Y}H fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; tuyhW gw;wpg; gy;NtW fUj; J fs; > xd; w pw; n fhd; W Kuzhd tifapy; > fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ey;Y}h; aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; jiyefuhf tpsq; f paikAk; mf; f hyj; j pNyNa mq;F fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;L ,Ue;jikAk;> aho; g ; g hzj; i j murhl; r p nra; j kd; d Hfs; > Nfhtpiy ed;F ghpghypj;J te;jikAk; gw;wpa nra;jpfis aho;gg ; hzg; gz;ila tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; ifyhakhiy> itahghly;> aho;gg ; hz itgtkhiy ïªJ xË

~~,yfpa rfhj;j nkz;Zhw; nwOgj;J ehd;fp dyHjphp rq;f Nghjp ahk;GtNdf thF eyKWk; aho;g;ghzj;J efhp fl;Ltpj;J Fytpa fe;jdhHf;Ff; Nfhapnyhd; wikg;gpj;jhNd.||

,Nj GtNdfthFjhd;> ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; fl;baj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLgtd; vd;gJ mwpQH gyhpd; fUj;J. Nrhog; NguuR ,yq;ifapy; epytpa gj;jhk; E} w;whz;by; fp.gp. 948-50 Mk; Mz;lstpy;> Nrho kd;ddpd; gpujpepjpahf ,q;F mtdhy; mDg;gg;gl;l> mk;kd;ddpd; mikr;rH GtNdfthF vd;gtdhy;> ey; Y }hpy; FUf; f s; tsT vd; D k; fhzpapy; fe;jDf;Fg; ngUq;Nfhapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Dk; nra;jpia xU rhuhH njhptpj;Js;sdH. fp.gp. 1248 Mk; Mz;L> aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; KjyhtJ Mhpar;rf;futHj;jpahd rpq;ifahhpahpd; 10

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

fpof;fpyq;ifapy; fz;zfp topghLk; mJ rhh;e;j rlq;F KiwfSk; - Xh; Ma;T fz;zfp topghlhdJ fpof;fpyq;if kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ngUk; gq;fspg;ig ey;fp te;Js;sJ. fz; z fpia fw; G f; f urpahf> gj; j pdpg; ngz;zhf Nghw;wp te;j ,g;gpuNjr kf;fs; xOf;fk; epiwe;j ed; kf;fshf tho;e;J te;Js;sdH. Fwpg;ghf ,g;gpuNjr fpuhkpa kf;fs; khdj;ij ngupnjdf; fUjp xt;nthU FLk;gg; ngz;Zk; jd;id fz;zfpahfNt fUjp tho;eJ ; te;Js;sdH. fz;zfp mk;kid jq; f s; Fynja; t khff; fUjpa ,th; f s; jq;fs; Fiwfis mk;kdplk; Kiwapl;L mjw;Fupa gad;fisAk; ngw;W fztDld; fUj;njhUkpj;J tho;e;J te;Js;sdh;.

MapDk; ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; me; e k; g pf; i ffs; midj; J k; ngha; a hfp tpl;lnjd;Nw $wyhk;. Vnddpy; ,d;iwa

r%fk; gy;NtW Jiwfspy; Nkk;ghL fz;L fy; t p> nghUshjhuk; > murpay; > thzpgk; Mfpatw;why; gy fpuhkpa r%q;fspy; ,itfs; mopf; f g; g l; L tUfpd; w d. ,tHfspilNa fz; z fp topghL> ghuk; g upa ngUikfs; > tpOkpaq; f s; > fiy> fyhrhu kuGfs; > nja;tek;gpf;iffs; vd;gd nghUshjhuj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Nghyp tho;fi ; fapdhy; mopf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld. MapDk; fpof;fpyq;ifapy; rpy fpuhkq;fspy; ghuk;gupa kuGfs; ,d;Wk; gpd; g w; w g; g Lfpd; w d vd; w hy; mJ mk; k d; mUshfNt Nehf;fyhk;.

nghd;Dj;Jiu G+Nyhfehjd; (M.A,) M.Phil Read,University of peradeniya).

Kd;dhs; cjtp tpupTiuahsUk;, tUif tphpTiuahsUk; (nka;apaw;Jiw, aho; gy;fiyf;fofk;)

Kjd; ke;jphpahd GtNdfthF vd;gtNd ey;Y} hpy; FUf;fs; tsT vd;Dk; ngaUila epyj;jpy; fe;jDf;Ff; Nfhapy; mikj;jhd; vd;w fUj;Jk; cs;sJ. nrz; g fg; ngUkhs; vd; g td; > Nfhl; i l ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; kd;dd; Mwhk;; guhf;fpukghFtpd; tsHg; G kfd; . rg; G khy; F khua vd; W k; mtd; miof; f g; g l; l hd; . ,f; fhyg; g Fjpapy; - fp.gp. gjpide;jhk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; - fdf#hpa rpq;ifahhpad; vd;Dk; jkpo; kd;dd; aho;gg ; hzj;ij Ml;rp Ghpe;J te;jhd;. Nfhl;il kd;dd; Mwhk; guhf;fpukghF jdJ tsHg;G kfd; nrz;gfg; ngUkhs; jiyikapy; aho;g;ghz muirf; ifg;gw;WkhW gilnahd;iw mDg;gpdhd;. nrz;gfg; ngUkhs; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;Fs; GFe;J> khlkhspiffis mopj;J> fe;jRthkp NfhapiyAk; jiukl;lkhf;fp> muirf; ifg;gw;wp> Nfhl;ilf;F kP z ; l hd; . aho; g ; g hz murd; fdf#hpad; jd; FLk;gj;jhUld; ,e;jpahtpw;Fr; nrd;W jpUf;NfhtpY} hpy; kiwe;J tho;e;jhd;. guhf;fpukghF> nrz;gfg; ngUkhis aho;g;ghz kd;ddhf epakpj;J> murhl;rp nra;AkhW gzpj;jhd;. ey;Y}hpNy fp.gp. 1450 Mk; Mz;lstpy;> xU Gjpa efiuf; fl;bnaOg;gpa nrz;gfg; ngUkhs;> rpwP rq;fNghjp GtNdfthF vd;Dk; ehkk; g+z;L> gjpNdO Mz;Lfs; aho;g;ghzj;ij muR nra;J te;jhd;. jdJ gilnaLg;gpdhy; mopf;fg;gl;l fe;jRthkp Nfhapiy> jhd; nra;j jtwpid czHe;jtdha;> mjw;Fg; ghpfhukhf kPsTk; fl;bnaOg;gpdhd; vd;W ïªJ xË

$wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;Nfhapy; Kj;jpiur; re;jpf;F mUfhikapy; jw; N ghJ fpwp]; j t Njthyak; mike;Js;s epyj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jw;F THE TEMPORAL Mjhukhf FitNwh]; ghjphpahhpd; AND SPIRITUAL CONQUEST OF CEYLON vd; D k; E}Yk; > ghy;Nla]; ghjphpahhpd; A TRUE AND EXACT DESCRIPTION OF GREAT ISLAND, CEYLON vd;w E}Yk; cs;sd. fp.gp 1467 ,y; Nfhl;ilia Mz;l Mwhk; guhf;fpukghF ,we;jhd;. mtDf;Fg; gpd; nrz;gfg; ngUkhs; aho;gg ; hzj;jpypUe;J Nfhl;ilf;Fr; nrd;W> Mwhk; GtNdfthF vDk; ngaUld; Nfhl; i l murdhdhd;. mt;Ntis aho;g;ghzj;ij Ms;tjw;F tpraghF vd;gtid epakpj;jhd;. mtdpd; Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpYs;s jpUf;NfhtpY}hpy; kiwe;J tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j fdf#hpad; ngUk; gilAld;> aho;g;ghzk; kPz;Lk; te;J tpraghFld; Nghhpl;L mtid ntd;W> kPz;Lk; aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; kd; d dhfp ey; Y }iuj; jiyefuhff; nfhz; L murhl;rp nra;jhd;. gy Fsq;fis mikj;J ePH tsk; ngUf;fpdhd;. ey;Y}H fe;jRthkp NfhapYf;Fg; gy jpUg; g zpfisr; nra; J > moFk; mUSk; kpspug; ghpghydQ; nra;J te;jhd;. ,uhr tPjpfSk;> muz; k idfSk; > tskid tP j pfSk; > gy; N tW njhopyhsH ,Ug;gplq;fSk; g+q;fhf;fSk; mikj;J ey;Y}iu> ey;y Cuhf moF nfhopf;fr; nra;jhd;. fp.gp. 1478 ,y; fdf#hpaDf;Fg; gpd;> mtdpd; kfd; rpq;ifg; guuhrNrfud; aho;g;ghz murdhdhd;. mtd; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myaj;Jf;Fj; jpUf;Fsk; mikj;J> tl ,e;jpah aKid ejpapypUe;J Gdpj 11

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

njhd; [{thd; ,uFehjkhg; g hz KjypahH> gjtpfhuzkhfj; jkf; f pUe; j nry; t hf; i fg; gad;gLj;jp> fp.gp 1734 Mk; Mz;lstpy; ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapiy kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fhpa cj;juitg; ngw;whH. Nfhapy; Kd;dH mike;jpUe;j aKdhhpf;F maypy; cs;s ,lj;jpy; fpwp];jt Njthyak; fl;lg;gl;Ltpl;ljhy;> gpwpNjhhplj;jpy;> fe;jDf;Ff; Nfhapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. njhlf;fj;jpy; klhyak; Mf tpsq;fpaJ. ,e;j klj;jpy; Nty; itj;J topghL nra;ag;gl;L te;jJ. fe;jGuhzk; gbj;Jg; gad;nrhy;Yk; klk; MfNt nghpJk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. NfhGuk;> J}gp> nghpa fl; l lq; f s; ,d; w pNa> klhyak; Mf mikj; J mikjpahf topghL nra;J te;jdH. ~~ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;> FUf;fs; tsT vd;Dq; fhzpapy; fl;lg;ngw;Ws;sJ. jkpo; kd;dd; Mhpar;rf;futHj;jpapd; gpujk mikr;rH GtNdrthfhpdhy; fp.gp 884 Mk; Mz;lstpw; fl;lg;ngw;wJ. ,jid ,uFehjkhg;ghz KjypahH fp.gp 1734 ,y; kPz;Lk; fy;ypdhYk; nrq;fw;fspdhYk; fl;bdhH. Xl;bdhy; Ntag;ngw;wJ.|| ,t;thW KjypahH Fy rghehjd;> jkJ ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; gw;wpa E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ,uFehjkhg; g hz Kjypahhpd; gzpfSf; F > fpU\;za;aH Rg;igaH vd;w gpuhkzf; FUf;fs; cjtpahf ,Ue;jhH vd;w nra;jpAk; mwpag;gLfpwJ. mtNu Kjw; g+rfuhf ,Ue;jhH. vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,uFehj khg; g hz KjypahH tk; r j; j pdNu guk;giu mwq;fhtyh;fshf> ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapiyr; rPuhfTk; rpwg;ghfTk; ghpghydk; nra;J tUfpd;wdH. 1899 Mk; ,y; kzpf;$l;Lf; NfhGuk; xd;W fl;lg;ngw;wJ. 1902 Mk; Mz;L %y];jhdj;jsk;> kw;Wk; mHj;j kz;lgk; fUq;fw; jpUg;gzpahf epiwNtwpd. 1909 Mz;by; Rw;Wg; gpufhu kz;lgq;fs; fl;lg;ngw;wd. Rw;Wkjpy;fSk; mikf;fg;ngw;wd. njhlHe;J fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; gy;NtW jpUg;gzpfs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;L moFf;F moF nra;ag;gl;lJ. 1964 ,y; tre;jkz;lgk; Gduikf;fg;gl;lJ. epj; j pa iekpj; j paf; fphpiafs; > g+irfs; > tpohf; f s; vd; g dtw; i w tpjpg; g bAk; fhyNeue; jtwhkYk; elj;jg;gLfpd;w eilKiwapy; fz;Zq; fUj;Jkhf mwq;fhtyHfSk; me;jzg; ngUkf;fSk; rpuj;ij fhl;bdH. gbg; gbahf Mz;LNjhWk; gy;NtW jpUg; g zpfs; epiwNtw; w g; g l; l d. 1964k; Mz; L Gjpa Njhpidf; fiy moF kpspur; nra;tpj;jik mw;Gj epfo;thFk;. caHjpU \z;Kfjh]; khg;ghz KjypahH fhyj;jpy; ,J epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk; gy jpUg;gzpfs; ,tH fhyj;jpy; eilngw;wd. 1964 ,y; mtH ,iwtdb NrHe;jhH. mtUf;Fg; gpd;dH mtUila rNfhjuH Ff= Fkhujh]; khg;ghz KjypahH> 1964 Kjy; ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; mwq;fhtyuhf> tpaj;jF Kiwapy; flikahw;wp tUfpwhH.

ePH nfhz;L te;J> nga;J> aKdh Vhp vd mjw;Fg; ngahpl;lhd;. aKdhhp vd;w ngahpy;> rq;fpypj;Njhg;gpy; ,d;Wk; mq;F fhzg;gLfpwJ. ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp NfhapYf;F ehw;jpirapYk; ehd;F jpUf;Nfhapy;fisf; fl;Ltpj;J> ey;Y}Hj; jiyefiu Kd; i dapYk; moFk; nja; t P f Kk; fko> tpsq;f itj;j ngUikf;Fhpa td; rpq;ifg; guuh[Nrfud; Mthd; . fe; j Rthkp Nfhapy; eLtpy; mika fpof;Nf ntapYfe;j gps;isahH Myaj;ijAk;> njw;Nf ifyhaehjH NfhapiyAk;> Nkw;Nf tPukhfhsp mk;kd; Myaj;ijAk;> tlghypy; rl; i lehjH NfhapiyAk; fl; L tpj; J ey; Y }iu mzpnra;jhd;. ,t;thW KjypahH ,uhrehafk; jkJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. ,t;thW Mhpar;rf;futHj;jpfs; ey;Y}hpypUe;J muR nrYj;jpa fhyj;jpy; KbAil Nte;jUk;> ke; j php gpujhdpfSk; kf; f Sk; gagf; j pNahL nrd; W rpue; j ho; j ; j p tzq; f p topghL nra; A k; jpUj;jykhf ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; jpfo;ej ; J. aho; g ; g hz ,uhrjhdp kd; d Hfs; > jkpioAk; irtj; i jAk; fz; f isg; ghJfhg; g J Nghyg; Nghw;wpg; ghJfhj;J te;jdH. fe;jd; Myaj;jpd; ghpghydj;jpYk;> jpUg;gzpfspYk;> guhkhpg;gpYk;> epj;jpa iekpj;jpaq;fspYk; ngUQ; rpuj;ij fhl;b te;jdH. ey;iyf; fe;jd; mUshy; kd;dUk; kf;fSk; rPUk; rpwg;Gk; ngw;W tskhfTk; ey;y tz;zKk; tho;e;jdH. Ma fiyfSk; Md;kpfKk; jkpOk; jioj; J Xq; f pd. fe; j Guhz fyhrhuk; gy; f pg; ngUfpaJ. fp.gp 1619 Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzf; filrpj; jkpo; k d; d d; rq; f pyp vd; g td; NghHj; J f; f P r uhy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;L aho;gg ; hz ,uhr;rpak; NghHj;Jf;fr P H trkhdJ. 1621 Mk; Mz;by; NghHj;JfPrj; jsgjp gpypg; j xtpNtuh vd;gtdpd; fl;lisf;fpzq;f ey; Y }Hf; fe; j Rthkp Nfhapy; ,bj; J Kw; w hf mopf;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thNw Vida irtf;Nfhapy;fSk; mopf;fg;gl;ld. NghHj;Jf;fr P H jkJ kjj;ijg; gug;Gk; Nehf;fj;JlNdNa ,j;jifa mopT Ntiyfspy; <Lgl;ldH. fp.gp. 1658 Mk; Mz;L NghHj;Jf;fPrhplkpUe;J xy;yhe;jH vdg;gLk; lr;Rf;fhuH aho;g;ghzj;ijf; ifg; g w; w pdH. ,tHfs; Gul; l ]; j he; J fpwP ] ; j t kjj;ij RNjrpfsplk; gug;GtjpYk; Njthyaq;fis epWTtjpYk; mjpf rpuj; i j nrYj; j pdH. mur cj; j pNahfq; f s; > gl; l k; > gjtpfis toq; f pr; RNjrpfis kjkhw;wk; nra;jdH. ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; Kd; d H ,Ue; j ,lj; j pNy fpwp]; j t Njthyak; mikj; j dH. Nfhapy; ,bf; f g; g l; L vLf; f g; g l; l fw; f isf; nfhz; N l> xy; y he; j H aho; g ; g hzf; Nfhl; i liaf; fl; b dhHfs; vdr; rhpj;jpuk; $WfpwJ. xy; y he; j H Ml; r pf; fhyj; j pYk; irtrkak; ,d;dy;fSf;Fs;shfpaJ. rka topghl;Lr; Rje;jpuk; kWf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk;> gjpndl;lhk; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy; mJ rw;W jsHj;jg;gl;bUe;jikAk; Fwpg; g plj; j f; f J. xy; y he; j H Ml; r pf; fhyj; j py; aho;gg ; hzf; fr;Nrhpapy; rpwhg;gH Mff; flikahw;wpa ïªJ xË

(jpU. it. NrhkNrfud; mth;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;l <oj;J Myaq;fs; - aho; khtl;lj; jpUj;jyq;fs; : ghfk; 1 E}ypypUe;J - khkd;w ntspaPL) 12

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

kl;lf;fsg;Gj; Njrk; - mjd; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpAk; jdpj;Jtkhd ,e;Jg; gz;ghLk; ,j;Njrk; jiutop Clhl;lq;fisg; NgzpaNghJk;> kw;w ve;jg; gpuhe;jpaj; jkpoiuAk; tpl> K];yPk;fs;> kiyehl;Lr; rpq;fstUld; njhlu;Gfisg; NgZk; mjpf tha;g;Gk;> fly; topNa jkpof> Nfusj; njhlu;Gfs; njhluTk;> kl;lf;fsg;gpd; jdpj;Jtkhd Gtpapayikg;Ng topNfhypa

njdyhk;. vdNt> <ots ehl;Lf;Fs;NsNa gz;ghl;Lg; gy;tifikAk; mNjNtis jdpj;JtKk; nfhz;lNjhu; jkpo;r; r%fk;> mq;Nf epiy ngwyhapw;W.

tpNtfhde;juh[h JyhQ;rdd; (tpQ;Qhd gPlk;> nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk;)

jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil nrhy;Yk; MWgiltPL rpwg;Gfs; Mz; L NjhWk; epfOk; gq; F dp cj; j ug; ngUtpohtpd; NghJ gy;NtW fhtbfs; Rke;J ghj ahj;jpiuahf gf;ju;fs; tUfpd;wdu;. ,q;F jpUj;Nju; tpoh> jpUf;fy;ahz tpoh> fe;j r\;b tpoh> Mbf; fpUj;jpif tpoh MfpaitAk; kpfr; rpwg;ghf elf;fpd;wd.

jkpo;f; flTshk; KUfg; ngUkhd; tuyhW gw;wp Kjd;

Kjyhf jkpopy; gilf;fg; ngw;w ,yf;fpak; ‘jpUKUfhw;Wg; gil’ MFk;. jkpo;g; Gytuhd ef;fPuu;> KUfdpd; mUs; ngw;W ,aw;wpa rq;f ,yf;fpakhd ,jpy;> KUfg; ngUkhd; Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;s MW gil tPLfisg; gw;wp njspthf nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Rthkpkiy ,e; j ehd; f hk; gil tP l hd Rthkp kiyapy; j hd; je; i j rptngUkhDf; N f jdad; rz; K fd; cgNjrk; nra;j jpUtpisahly; epfo;e;jJ. ,e;jj; jpUj;jyj;ijj; jpUKUfhw;Wg; gilAk;> rpyg;gjpfhuKk; ‘jpU Vufk;’ vd;W Fwpg; g pLfpd; w d. jQ; i r khtl; l j; j py; > Fk; g Nfhzk; mUfpYs;s Rthkp kiyapy; Mbf; fpUj;jpif tpoh> fe;j r\;b tpoh> itfhrp tprhfg; ngUtpoh> gq;Fdp cj;jpug; ngUtpoh Mfpait kpfTk; rpwg;ghf elf;fpd;wd.

jpUg;guq;Fd;wk; ‘Kjy; gil tPL’ vd;w ngUikia ,J ngWfpd;wJ. R+ugj; k id mopj; J > Njtu; f isg; ghJfhj; j hu; KUfg; ngUkhd;. mtUf;F jd; kfs; NjtNrdhit kzk; Kbf;f tpUk; g pdhd; ,e; j pud; . KUfg; ngUkhd; - NjtNrdh jpUkzk; epfo; e ; j jpUj; j yNk Kjyhk; gil tP l hfpa jpUg;guq;Fd;wk;. jpUg;guq;Fd;wj;jpy; kiyiaf; File;J fu;g;gf;fpufk; mikf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,q;F jhd; <rid Nehf;fp KUfd; jtk; ,Ue;jjhfTk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ.

jpUj;jzp R+uid mopj;J rpdk; mlq;fp mikjp fhz KUfg; ngUkhd; jpUf;Nfhtpy; nfhz;l Ie;jhk; gil tPLjhd; jpUj;jzp. Fwtu; Fyg; ngz;zhd ts;spia KUfd; kzk;Gupe;j jpUj;jyk; vd;w jdpr; rpwg;Gk; jpUj;jzpf;F cz; L . Mbf; fpUj; j pif tpoh kpfTk; rpwg; g hf ,q; F elf;fpwJ.

jpUr;nre;J}u; R+u gj;kid KUfg; ngUkhd; mopj;j jpUj;jyNk ,uz; l hk; gil tP l hd jpUr; n re; J }u; . ,q; F Mz; L NjhWk; fe;j r\;b tpoh kpfTk; rpwg;ghf eilngWfpwJ. Cikahf ,Ue;j Fku FUguu;> nre;jpyhz;ltu; mUshy; NgRk; rf;jp ngw;W ghLk; jpwDk; ngw;wJ ,q;Fjhd;. lr;R nfhs;isau;fis eLeLq;f itj;J> mtu;fisAk; jd;id tzq;f itj;j jdp Mw;wy; gilj;jtu; jpUr;nre;J}u; KUfd; vd;nwhU fu;z guk;giuf; fijAk; cz;L.

goKjpu;r; Nrhiy Mwhk; giltP l hd ,q; F jhd; KUfd; rpWtdha; te;J xsitahiu Nrhjpj;j jpUtpisahly; epfo;e;jJ. me;j ehty; kuj;jpd; fpis kuk; ,d;Wk; Nrhiykiy cr;rpapy; fhzg;gLfpwjhk;. mUzfpupehju; ,j;jyk; kPJ jpUg;Gfo; ghbAs;shu;. tp\;Z Nfhapyhd mofu; Nfhtpy; ,jw;F mz;ikapy; mike;Js;sJ. ‘mofu; kiy’ vdTk; ,J miof;fg;gLfpwJ. kJiuapypUe;J 15fpNyh kPl;lu; njhiytpy; ,e;j jpUj;jyk; mike;Js;sJ. (ed;wp:-,izak;)

goep ,q;F et gh\dq;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Qhdg; gokhf KUfg; ngUkhd; tpsq;Ffpd;whu;. goep KUfdpd; moif fhzf; fz; Nfhb Ntz;Lk; vd;ghu;fs;. fpuptyk; ,q;Nf ngsu;zkp ehspy; eilngWfpwJ. rz;Kfd; Mz;b Nfhyk; fz;lJk; ,q;Nfjhd;. %d;whk; gil tPlhd goepapy; ïªJ xË

13

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

<oehl;by; ,e;J kj tsh;r;rpapy; klq;fs; nghOJNghf;Fkplk;> MWjyspf;Fk; klq;fs;> cyf tptfhuq; f s; Gjpdq; f isf; $bf; fijf; F k; ,lk; > gpuahzj; j pd; NghJ fisg;ghWkplk;> cwq;fpr; nry;Yk; ,lk;> nghjpfis ,wf;fp itj;J Mwpr; nry;Yk; epiyaq;fshfj; njhopw;gl;lik> cwq;fpAk; jq; f pAk; nry; Y kplq; f shdik> taJ Kjph;e;NjhUf;fhd rq;fkk; epfOk; ,lkhf mike;jik> jj;Jt rhj;jpug; Nghjidfs; ,lk;ngw;W mwpT epiyaq;fshfTk; mDgtg;gfpHTg; gPlkhfTk; njhopw;gl;lik vd;gd ,t;tha;tpNy mlq;Ftdthk;.

irtrka klq;fspd; Njhw;w tuyhW> klq;fspd; fl;bl epHkhz Kiwik> irtrka tsHr;rp tuyhw;wpNy klq;fspd; gq; f spg; G > irt rpj; j he; j newpf; f ika ,aq; f pa klq; f s; > irtj; Jwtpfspd; tho;tplkhfr; irt klq;fs; ,aq;fpaik> irt rkaf; flTsH gw;wpa nfhs;iffis tpthjpf; F kplkhf mike; j ik. rpj; j he; j rh]; j puq; f s; > jpUKiwfs; > FUG+irfs; > jpUtb topghLfisr; irt rka klq;fs; Kd; n dLj; j ik> topg; N ghf; f HfSf; f hd MJyHrhiyfshfg; gad;gl;lik> fhy; eilfs;> kpUfq;fspd; ePH Ntl;if> cly; Ntl;iffis eP f ; f MTNuhQ; r pf; f y; > eP H j; n jhl; b fis mikj;Jg; Gz;zpa fUkq;fis Mw;Wjy;>

fyhG+\zk; jk;G Jiuuh[h nfhOk;G.

myq;fhuf; fe;jdhfg; Nghw;wg;gLk;

ey;iyf; Fkud; ey;iyak;gjpapy;

,jw; F k; Nkyhf ey; i yf; fe; j d; MyaKk; myq;fhur; rpwg;gpidAk; Xh; moFg; g huk; g hpaj; i jAk; nfhz; L tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. KUF vd;whNy moF. vy;yhNk mofhf Neh;jj ; pahf nrk;ikahf ed; i kahf ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; vd; D k; jj; J tj; i j cyfpw; F czh; j ; J tJld; cyfpid moF nra;tjw;F Njhd;wpatd; KUfd;. mofd; KUfdpd; mUl; nghypTk; nja;t rhe;epj;jpaKk; ey;Y}hpd; moFg; ghuk;ghpaj;Jf;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. mj;Jld; Myaj;jpYk; mjd; #oypYk; epyTfpd;w J}a;ik> Mya epj;jpa iekpj;jpa G+ir Muhjidfspy; Neue;jtwhik> Mya Kfhikj;Jtr; rpwg;G mh;r;rfh;fs; njhz;lh;fs; topgLNthh; MfpNahhpd; xj;Jiog;G xOq;FKiwfs; vd;gd moFf;F moF nra;tdthf mikfpd;wd. ,tw;why; jhd; Xh; moFg; ghuk;ghpak; ey;iyg;gjpapy; epiyA+d; w pAs; s myq; f huf; f e; j dpd; rpwg; G f; F mzpnra;tjhf ,Ug;gij Fwpg;gplyhk;.

vOe;jUsp apUf;Fk; KUfg; ngUkhd; myq;fhuf; fe;jdhfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhh;. kNfhw;rt fhyq;fspy; KUfg; ngUkhd; ts;sp nja;tahid rNkjuhf ntt;NtW myq;fhuq;fSld; tPjpAyh tUk; fhl;rp gf; j pG+h; t khdJ. KUfg; ngUkhDf; F hpa rhj;Jg;gbAk; tPjpAyhtUk; thfdKk; tpjk;tpjkhd Nrhlid myq; f hpg; g py; mike; j pUf; F k; . rpy Kf;fpa cw;rtq;fspd; NghJ tPjpAyh tUk; KUfg; ngUkhdpd; myq;fhuj;Jld; ,ize;j tifapyhd epwq;fspyhd t];jpuq;fisNa kNfhw;rtj;ij elj;jpitf;Fk;. FUkhh;fSk; mzpe;jpUg;ghh;fs;.,e;j tifapy; rpwg;ghd rhj;Jg;gbAk; NrhlidfSk; mike;jpUg;gJ fhuzkhf ,q;F vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; Fkuf; flTs; myq;fhuf;fe;jdhf Nghw;wp topghL nra;ag;gLfpd;whh;. ïªJ xË

14

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

ešiy¡ fªj‹ âUñŠrš fh¥ò

âUnkî kÂkh®g¤ jtD« ntj¢ br§fky¤ jadhYª njl‰ bf£lh¥ bgUkhDª Ja®jÉ®¤nj moik bfh©l nguhs‹ Óuhs‹ ãw¥ãš yhjh‹ bghUNu‹ clšãsªJ ešiy nkî« òytD¡nf CŠrÈir ngh‰¿¢ brhšy xUnfh£L¤ jiHbrÉa¡ fˉW¥ ãŸis cgaky uoaf¤nj í‹dš brŒth«.

ÃuŠrdkhŠ r¤âát§ fhšf shf ÃfÇšguh gukÂnaeš É£l khf guªjfiy Phdkh fk§fŸ rh¤âu« g‹Dòuh z§fŸKW »isa jhf muªijafš ehšntj§ fÆw jhf mHbfhGF bgh‰gyif Foiya jhf euªjÃiw m£lâ¡F¡ fkGª ešiy ef®nkî fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

m«gu«Õ jh«gu«eš Éjhd khf myUL¡fŸ etkÂÆ‹ khiy ahf br«gJk ehafD« kâa¤ njîª âUÄF¤j f©zoÆ‹ Åiwa jhf e«òRl® Phdnk És¡f khf ehjɪJ k§fyth yh¤â ahf c«gbušyhª Jângᥠgho ahl caUešiy e‰fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

K¡FzK§ fÉifna ah» nah§f bkhÊíkw« bghUË‹g« ånl eh‹F« g¡fbkhL rhkiuÆ‹ gªâ ahf¥ gf®nkh£r bkhˤ Ôg khf Ä¡ft‹ò kyuhny maD« khY« nt©Ltu« bgWtj‰nf óir brŒa e¡fdu‹ òjštnu ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

fdf KoahW« ãuig år ešyf£ brÉahD« »Uigia eh£l gdfk¡ F©lyÛ uhWª â›a ghDbthË jÅ¡»uz« gǪJ år òidík¡ fydhl KWt nwh‹w¥ òJkâa KfkhW« bghâjš brŒa mefFU guKjšth MO %Šrš mHFešiy¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

mªjÄyh Úyk kÆY khl mH»abgh‰ rj§iffÈ‹ fÈbd‹ whl brªâUth® gÇòu§fŸ jhD khl¢ br«bghËÆ DilairªJ áw¥gh ahl

CŠrš

ïªJ xË

vªjdf¤ âUªjUS« ghj khl v›îÆ®¡Fª jhdtdh ÆUªnj ahl eªjÈyh¥ gu«bghUns ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

g‹ÅUif bghȪjhl¢ Nu‹ kh®ig¥ g»®ªjtÆš btFguh¡ »uk¤ jhl¢ brh‹dgy thíjKª Jy§» ahl¢ Rªjukh« bgh‰òÇüš kh®ã yhl br‹Åw¢N£ L¢nrt‰ bfhoí khl¤ bjËîWbgh‰ f§fz§fŸ Óuh ahl e‹dânr ahdtnu ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

fŸsh®ªj fl«gky® khiy ahl¡ fâbfGî u¤dk¡ ftr khl cŸsh®ªj tiuPhQ§ f¢R khl cWe®Ja® Ô®¤âUªj îilth shl vŸsh®ªj bjŒtto thd khj ÇUngU ÄUg¡f¤ âUªnj ahl eŸsh‰W ntytnu ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

jhahba› îÆ®¡Fª jhdhŒ ËW j©zËia¥ òÇgtnu ahO %Šrš khnah‹w‹ kUfnd ahO %Šrš thdt®nr dhgâna ahO %Šrš nrnar£rka guhgunu ahO %Šrš njthâ njtnu ahO %Šrš ehnaid¤ bjh©Lbfh©lh ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

âÇòtd f®¤jhnt ahO %Šrš átPhd nghjfnu ahO %Šrš tWikjÉ®¤ jhŸgtnu ahO %Šrš tiuba¿ªj nrtfnu ahO %Šrš m¿tf¤nj M¡»ath ahO %Šrš moahiu aŠrby‹gh ahO %Šrš e¿akz§ fkœòand ahO %Šrš ešiyef®¡ fªjnu ahO %Šrš!

m‹òbghUª joat®fŸ thÊ thÊ mH»aeš iy¢rd§fŸ thÊ thÊ bgh‹òuS kŠiPF¡ FlK« thÊ òfœbjŒt FŠrÇí« FwÄ‹ thÊ J‹òjÉ® åuntš thÊ thÊ brhšYk‰W khíj§fŸ thÊ thÊ e‹FjU« ešiyef®¡ fªj® thÊ ehjhªj ntytbuª ehS« thÊ!

15

thÊ

(âUñŠrš ghlšfŸ nrdhâuha KjÈah® mt®fshš ïa‰w¥g£lJ) k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

nfskhu topghl;L kugpy; KUff; flTspd; tbtq;fSk; ehkq;fSk; fyhepjp k. ghyifyhrehjrh;kh

KJepiy tphpTiuahsh;> fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.

mwpKfk;

jpfo;fpd;whd;. neUg;igAk; vhpf;Fk; Qhdf;fpdpahf KUfd; tpsq;Ffpd;whd;.

,

e; J rka tuyhw; W kugpNy KUfid KOKjw; nja;tkhff; nfhz;L topghL nra;J tUk; rka gz; g hl; L kuG nfskhuk; vdr; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gphptpNy KUfNd cah; nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;L mtUf;Fhpa midj;J topghl;L mk;r q;f Sk; rpwg; g hfTk; jdpahfTk; rka ,yf;fpaq;fspNy $wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thW $wg; g l; L s; s tw; i w jdpj; J Nehf; F fpd; w NghJ KUfdpd; gy; N tW tbtq; f Sk; mtw; W f; F hpa ehkq;fisAk; rpwg;ghff; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

KUfdpd; %d;W rf;jpfs;

rptngUkhdpd; Ie;J Kfj;NjhL rf;jpapd; KfKk; (rpj;rf;jpahfpa MwhtjwpTf;Fg; nghUshtJ mNjh Kfk;) Nrh;e;J MWKfkhapw;W. KUfdplj; j py; %d; W rf;jpfs; cs;sd. mit ,r;rhrf;jp, fphpahrf;jp, Qhdrf;jp vd;gdthFk;. ,r;rhrf;jpapd; tbtNk ts;spak;ik. ,th; fhpa epwk; cilath;; KUfdpd; tyg; g hfj; j py; tP w ; w pUg; g hh; ; ifapy; jhkiu Ve; j papUg; g hh; ; Nghfpaha; ,Ue; J caph; f ; F g; Nghfj; i jg; Ghpjy; ,iwtd; jd; i kahjypd; , cyfpy; ,y;tho;f;if elj;jw; nghUl;L KUfd; ts;spak;ikahnuhL jd; xU jpUKfj;jhw; Ngrp, kfpo; e ; J mkh; e ; j pUf; f pd; w hd; . fphpahrf; j pahfpa nja;thidak;ik nre;epwk; tha;e;jth;; KUfdpd; ,lg;ghy; tpsq;Fgth;; fUq;Ftis kyiuf; ifapy; Ve;jpapUg;gth;.

KUfdplk; mike;j %d;whtJ rf;jp Qhdrf;jp. mJNt NtyhAjkhf tpsq; F fpd; w J. nty; Y k; jd;ikAilaJ Nty;; vy;yhtw;iwAk; nty;tJ mwpthw;wy;. mwpT MoKk;, $h;ikAk; cilaJ. “rf;jpjd; tbNt njd;dpy; jilapyh QhdkhFk;” vd;gJ rptQhdrpj;jpahh; thf;F. QhdNk mQ;Qhdj;ij nty;yty;yJ.

topghL

xU ehkk; XUUtk; xd; W kpyhh; f ; F Mapuk; jpUehkk; ghbg; guTtJ topghL. topghl;bw;Fhpa Kjy; mq;fkhfj; jpfo;tJ ,iwtd; jpUTUtk;. ,g;gbad;, ,e;epwj;jd; vd;W vOjpf; fhl;nlhzh ,iwtid ek; Kd;Ndhh; vg;gbnay;yhk; fz;L kfpo;e;J tzq;fp ekf;Fk; fhl;br; nrd;Ws;sdh; vd;gij epidf;Fk;NghJ tpag;ghfNt cs;sJ. ,iwtd; jdJ ngUq;fUizahy; Ntz;Lthh;f;F Ntz;Lk; tbtq;fspy; jpUf;fhl;rp je;jUspaNjhL, mf;Nfhyq;fspy; jd;id topgLNthh;f;Fk; vd;Wk; mUisr; nrhhpfpd;whd;. ,JNt ,e;J rkaj;jpd; jdpr; rpwg;Gk; khz;Gk; MFk;.

‘];fe;j’ nrhy; tpsf;fk;

,t; T yFf; F ve; e hSk; mUs; Ghptjw; f hf ntspg;gl;l xU kpd;dy; rf;jpNa KUfd;. ‘];fe;j’ vd;w tlnkhopr; nrhy;Yf;F ‘ntspg;gLjy;’ vd;W nghUs; . Nkfj; j pypUe; J kpd; d y; ntspg; g Ljy; Nghd; W rptN[hjpapypUe; J ntspg; g l; l MW nghwpfs;, MWKfRthkpahf ‘];fe;jd;’ vdg;ngah; nfhz;lJ. MfNt rptrf;jp N[hjpapy; [dpj;j Ngnuhspg; gpok;ghf KUfd; jpfo;fpd;whd;. mtd; guhf;fpukrhyp.

NguUl; rf;jp tbtpdd;. Qhd gyKk; KUfDf;Nf mjpfk; vd;W fhl;lNt rptngUkhDk; KUfNtsplk; cgNjrk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. jPg;nghwpahfj; Njhd;wp, thdpypUe;J thAthy; Rke;J tug;ngw;W fq;ifapy; tplg;ngw;W, rutzg; ngha;ifapy; tsh;e;j KUfd; jP, thd;, thA, ePh;, g+kp vd;Dk; Ik;g+jj; njhlh;Gilatdhfj; ïªJ xË

KUfDf;F %d;W kapy;fs;

KUfd; vd;wTld; mtdJ kapYk; NrtYk; ek; fz; Kd; epw;fpd;wd. KUfDf;F %d;W kapy;thfdk; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jpuDk; kapyhf KUfidj; jhq;fpdhd;.

R+ud; mope;j gpd; mtdJ xU ghjp kapyhfpaJ. kapy; jdJ mofhy; ahtiuAk; kaf;fty;yJ, vdNt mjid khia vd;gh;. Nrty; Ch;j;Jt khia, kapy; mNjh khia. Nrty; ehj jj;Jtk; vdpy; kapy; tpe;J jj;Jtk;. ehjk; xyp tbtpdJ, tpe;J xsp tbtpdJ. tpe;J jj;Jtk; Mfpa kapy; 16

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

f[thfdd;, rutzgtd;, fhh;j;jpNfad;, Fkhud;, rz;Kfd;, jhufhhp, Nrdhdp, gpuk;krh];jh, ts;sp fy; a hzRe; j uh; , ghyRthkp , fpnusQ; r Ngjdh; , rpfpthfdh; vd Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. ikR+h; fpU\;zuh[h vd;gth; njhFj;j “=jj;t epjp” vd;w E}ypy; gjpNdO tbtq;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. mjpy; rdj;Fkhu g;ur;d Fkhuje;jpuk; vd;w rpw;g E}ypy; $wg;gl;l gjpdhW tbtq;fSld; NtyhAj Rg;ukz;ah; vd;w tbtKk; Nrh;e;Js;sJ.

fz; ftUk; xspAilajha;g; gytif epwq;fisf; nfhz;L jpfo;jy; fhzyhk;. Njhifia tphpj;J MLk; kapypd; Njhw;wk; Xq;fhuk; Nghy; xsph;jy; gw;wpNa “Xq;fhuj;Js;Ns KUfd; cUtq;fz;L J}q;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;” vd;W fe;j Guhzk; $Wfpd;wJ. Nrty; mwpahik ,Uisg; Nghf;fp nka;awpthfpa xspiag; gug;Gk; KUfdpd; nfhbahfp tpsq;FtJ nghUj;jNk. itfiwapy; Nrty; $Tjy;, Xq;fhu ke;jpuj;ij xyp tbthy; cyFf;F czh;j;JtjhFk;. KUfg; ngUkhd; Nrtw; nfhb Ve;jp ek;iknay;yhk; rptQhdg; Ngnuhspiaj; Ja;f;fr; nra;jUSfpd;whh;.

jpUg;Gfopy; KUfd;

mUzfphpehj Rthkpfs; KUfg; ngUkhidg; ghbAs; s ghq; f py; fhZk; N ghJ , KUfNtspd; tbtq;fisf; fPo;f;fz;lthW gphpj;Jf; Fwpg;gplyhk; Foe;ij tbtq;fs;:- ghyRg;ukz;ad;, fhq;Nfad;, fhh; j ; j pNfad; , Foe; i jNtyd; , rutzgtd; , ];fe;jd;. gpukrhhp tbtq;fs;:- Njrpf Rg;ukz;ad;, FUgud;, Qhdrf;jpjud;. jt tbtk;:- Nahfhrhh;a %h;j;jp. guhf;uk tbtq;fs;:- m[h&lh;, gpuk;krh];jh, tpy;Nye;jpa Ntyd;, f[h&lh;, Nrdhjpgjp, rpfpthfdh;, jhufhhp, fpnusQ;rNgjdh;, rfyfyhty;yg %h;j;jp, tuhN`hd;kj;j gq;f%h;j;jp.

NjtpaUld; $ba tbtq;fs;:- NjtNrdhjpgjp, ts;sp fy;ahz%h;j;jp, rz;Kfh;, Fkhuh;. gpw tbtq;fs;:- Ffd;, `;Ujafky %h;jj ; p(,jaj; jhkiuapy; tpsq;Fgth;), rptid topgLk; KUfd;, ; p (ahfk; Nts;tpiaf; rjhrpt %h;jj ; p, ahful;rf%h;jj ; p, eld%h;jj ; p, mfj;jpaUf;F fhg;gth;), tpRt&g %h;jj cgNjrk;. jy%h;j;jpfs;:- rpjk; g uk; tbtq; f s; , fhQ; r p Fku tbtq;fs;, rPh;fhop jpUQhdrk;ge;j KUfd;, jpUr;nre;J}h; tbtq;fs; (miy thAfe;j ngUkhs; Fkhutplq;fh;), jpUj;jzpif tbtq;fs;, jpUg;goep tbtq;fs;, jpUtUiz tbtq;fs; vd;W jpUg;Gfopy; mUzfphpehjh; KUfdJ tbtq;fisg; Nghw;Wfpd;whh;.

gy;NtW tbtq;fs;

KUfDila gy; N tW tbtq; f s; gw; w pAk; Nfhapy;fs; gw;wpAk; gz;ila tlnkhopg; Guhz E}y; f spYk; Mfkq; f spYk; tphpthff; fhl; l g; ngw;Ws;sd.

Fg;jh; fhyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j “gpu`j; ]k;`pij” vd;Dk; E}y; (fp.gp. 5Mk; E}w;whz;L) KUfid ,isQdhf kapy; kPJ mkh;e;j Nfhyj;jpy; ifapy; NtYld; tpsq; F khW mikf; f Ntz; L k; vd; W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. “tp\;Z jUNkhj;juk;” vd;w Ehypy; KUfNts; MWKfq;fSlDk; ,lf;ifapy; ntw;wpf; nfhbAk; NtYk; nfhz;ltdhfTk; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. “rkuq;fd R+j;jpujhuk;” vd;w E}ypy; KUfd; mofpa ,sk; gps; i sahf xU Kfk; my;yJ MWKfq;fs; nfhz;ltdhff; fhl;lg;gLfpd;whh;. rptGuhzj;jpy; KUfNts; ehd;F fuq;fs; nfhz;ltuhff; fhl;lg; ngWfpd;whh;. “Fkhu je;jpuk;” vd;w E}ypy; KUfg; ngUkhDf;Fj; jpUf;Nfhapy; mikf;Fk; tpjk; gw;wp tphpthff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. “ jpahduj; d htsp ” vd; w E}ypy; KUfd; tbtq;fis %d;W tifahff; fhzyhk;. mth; rhj;Jtpf tbtk; Vw;Fk; NghJ xU KfKk;, ,U fuq;fSk; nfhz;L jpfo;fpd;whh;. mtuJ fuq;fspy; rf;jp MAjKk; jhkiuAk; jpfo;fpd;wd. mtuJ ,uh[] tbtj;jpy; xU KfKk;, ehd;F fuq;fSk; KiwNa t[;uk;, rf;jp, mga tujk; vd;w epiyapy; mikfpd;wd. jhkr tbtj;jpy; MWKfKk; gd;dpU fuq;fSk; nfhz;L fhl;rpaspf;fpd;whh;. rf;jp, t[;uk;, ths;, jphpR+yk;, ghrk;, jDR, rf;fuk;, Nflak;, Ff;Flk;, mq;Frk; Mfpa MAjq;fSld; ,U fuq;fs; mga tujkhfj; jpfo;fpd;wd. “ rdj; F khu gpur; d Fkhuje; j puk; ” vd; w E}ypy; KUfdJ gjpdhW tbtq;fs; Qhdrf;jpjud;, ];fe;jd;, mf;dp[hjh, nrsuNgad;, fhq;Nfad;, rutzgtd;, fhh;j;jpNfad;, Fkhud;, rz;Kfd;, jhufhhp, Nrdhgjp, Ffd;, gpuk;krhhp, rptNjrpfd;, fpnusQ;rjhhp, rpfpthfdh; vdf; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

NguwpQh; b. V. Nfhgpehjuht; mth;fs; Fkhuje;jpuk; vd;w E}ypy; kw;nwhU tifahd gjpdhW tbtq;fis rf;jpjud;, ];fe;jd;, NjtNrdhjpgjp, Rg;ukzpad;, ïªJ xË

KUfdJ Vida tbtq;fs;

KUfdJ Vida tbtq; f Ss; xd; w hd Qhdrf;jpjud; vd;gJ Qhdrf;jpia jhpj;jtd; vd;W nghUs;jUk;. jpUj;jzpif %yth; Qhdrf;jpjuh; tbtkhFk;.

KUfd; “]; f e; j d; ” vd; W tlnkhopapYk; , “fe;jd;” vd;W jkpopYk; Nghw;wg; ngWfpd;whd;.

KUfd;, ];fe;jd; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F ntspg;gLgtd; vd;W nghUs;. Rthkpkiyapy; Rthkpehjg; ngUkhd; fe;jRthkp tbtkhf fhl;rpaspf;fpwhh;. epd;w Nfhyj;jpy; xU KfKk; ,U fuq;fSk; nfhz;lth; fe;jRthkp. tyf;fuj;jpy; jz;lhAjKk; ,lf;fuk; Fsq;fj;jpYk; (,Lg;gpy; Cd;wpathW) cUj;jpuhf;fk;, kzptlk; mzpe;J Nfhtzjhhpahf tpsq;Ffpwhh; vd;W Fkhuje;jpuk; fhl;LfpwJ. 17

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

tbitj; jzpifg;GuhzKk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. kq;fyk;, xsp, nfhil, rj;Jtk;, tPuk; Mfpa NgWfis ,k;%h;j;jpia topglg;ngw;W ,d;Gwyhk;. fhh;j;jpifg; ngz;fshy; tsh;f;fg;ngw;wjhy; fhh;j;jpNfad; vd;W Nghw;wg;ngWk; KUfd;, tl ,e;jpahtpy; ngUk;ghYk; ,g;ngahpNyNa miof;fg; ngWfpd; w hd; . MWKfq; f Sk; MW fuq; f Sk; nfhz;l fhh;j;jpNfad; tbtj;jpy; rf;jp , ths;, Fyprk; (tr;rpuk;), Nflak; Mfpa MAjq;fSld; ,U fuq;fs; mga tujkhfTk;, VO QhapW tz;zKld; tpsq;FtjhfTk; Fkhuje;jpuk; $WfpwJ. jzpif GuhzKk; ,t; t btj; i jNa fhh; j ; j pNfadhff; fhl;LfpwJ. Rthkp vd;w nrhy;Yk; Fkud; vd;w nrhy;Yk; KUfidNa Fwpg;gd. Fkud; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F kyg;gpzpia mopg;gtd; vd;W nghUs;. Mztkyk; ePf;fk; ngw ,g;ngUkhid tzq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

KUfNts; mbahh;fSf;F mQ;RKfk; (,Lf;fz;) Njhd;Wk; Nghnjy;yhk; jkJ MWKfk; nfhz;L MWjy; je;jUs; Ghpfpd;whd;. ,iwikf; Fzq;fs; MW. Qhdk;, IRthpak;, jpU, tPhpak; ituhf;fpak;, Gfo; vd;w MWk; mtuJ Kfq;fshfj; jpfo;fpd;wd. MWKfg; ngUkhd; jkJ tyg;gf;fj;jpy; ts;spak;ikahiuAk;, ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; nja;thidak;ikahiuAk; kapy;kPJ ,th;eN; jh cldpUf;fNth mike;j Nfhyk; ,t;tbtk;.

MWKfg; ngUkhd; gd;dpU fuq;fspYk; nfhz;l MAjq;fs; MW tiffspy; NtWgLfpd;wd. ef;fPuh; jpUKUfhw;Wg;gilapYk;, FkuFUgu Rthkpfs; fe;jh; fypntz; g htpYk; , mUzfphpehjh; jpUg; G fopYk; MWKfr; rpwg;G mUikahf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkJ QhdNtyhy; KUfNts; jhufid mopj;J, khiaia ntd;W mUs;Ghpe;j NfhyNk jhufhhp. Fkhuje;jpuk; ,t;tbit MWKfk;, gd;dpU fuq;fSlDd; fhl;LfpwJ. ,k;%h;j;jpia topgl;L cyf khiaapypUe; J tpLglyhk; . R+ugJkid ntw;wp nfhs;sj; Njth; gilfSf;Fj; jiyikNaw;w KUfd;, Nrdhjpgjpahd Nfhyj;jpy; MWKfKk; gd;dpU fuq;fSld; jpfo;fpwhh;. NghhpYk; ge;jaj;jpYk; ntw;wpngw ,k;%h;j;jpia topgLjy; mtrpak;. gilg;Gj; njhopy; nra;Ak; ehd;Kfd; (gpuk;kd;) nfhz;l nrUf;if mlf;fp KUfd; jhNd gpukdJ gilg;Gj; njhopiy Nkw;nfhz;l NfhyNk gpuk;krh];jh (gpuk;kidj; jz;bj;jth;) vdg;gLk;. Fkhuje;jpuk; ,f;Nfhyk; xU Kfk;, ehd;F fuq;fs; nfhz;ljhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. gpuk;krh];jh tbtj;ij topghL nra; N thh; gpuk; k tpj; i jfs; iftug; n gw; W r; rfyfyhty;ytdhf, mwpthsdhfj; jpfoyhk;.

KUfg; ngUkhdJ jpUg;ngah;fSs; “ts;spf; fztd;”, “ts;sp kzhsd;”, “ts;spf;fhe;jd;” Mfpait kpfr; rpwg;ghdit. cyfpy; ,y;tho;f;if ,dpJ elj;jw; nghUl;Nl, KUfd; ts;spak;ikia kze; J nfhz; L mtSld; ,dpJwg; Ngrp

jzpifg; Guhzj;jpy; $wg;gLk; fe;jd; jpUTUtk; goep jz;lhAjghzpiaNa cWjpg;gLj;Jk;. fe;jd; vd;Dk; nrhy; mUk;ngUk; nrhy;. fe;juDg+jp, fe;juyq;fhuk;, fe;jue;jhjp, fe;jh; fypntz;gh, fe;jGuhzk;, fe;jr\;b vd;git ,jid typAWj;Jk;. nfhq;Fehl;by; gy jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; fe;jRthkp jpUTUtNk fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. rh; t fhhpaq; f Sk; rpj; j pngw ]; f e; j %h; j ; j pia topgLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

NjtNrdhjpgjp vd;gJ Njtahidapd; fztd; vd; W nghUs; g Lk; . ,g; n gah; NjtNridAld; tpsq;Fk; KUfidf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NjNte;jpud; kfshf [uhtjj;jhy; tsh;ff ; g;ngw;w Njtahidiaj; jpUg;guq;Fd;wj;jpy; KUfNts; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lijf; fe;jGuhzk; tphpj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ. Ntjj;Jf;Fk; Ntjpah;fSf;Fk; Kjy;th; vd;Dk; nghUs; nfhz;l KUfNts; jpUg;ngaNu Rg;ukzpah; vd;gjhFk;. xU KfKk; ,Ufuq;fSk; nfhz;l ,t; t btj; j py; KUfNts; jdJ tyf; i fahy; mgaKj; j piu fhl; b , ,lf; i fia ,Lg; g py; itj; j tuha; j ; jpfo; f pwhh; . kw; n whU Fwpg; g py; , xUKfKk;, ehd;F iffSk; KiwNa Nfhop, jhkiu, mgatuj Kj;jpiuAld; Njhs;fspy; Nfa+uKk; khh;gpy; khiyfSk; nfhz;L jpfo;fpwhh;. jzpifg;Guhzk; fhl;Lk; Rg;gpukzpah; jpUTUtk; xUKfKk;, ,U fuq;fSk; nfhz;L mikfpwJ. Mde;jj;ijNa nrh&g yl;rzkhf cila Rg;gpukzpa %h;j;jpia topgl, tpidfs; ePq;fp Mde;jg;NgW ngwyhk;. fspw;W}h;jpg; ngUkhd; vd;gJ KUfNts; ahidia thfdkhff; nfhz; L vOe; j Uspa NfhykhFk; . f[h&lh;, f[thfdh; vd;Wk; miof;fg;ngWthh;. fspw;W}h;jpg; ngUkhdpd; jpUTUt mikg;gpidj; jzpifg;Guhzk;, Ff;Flk; (Nfhop), ths;, Nty; Mfpatw; W ld; xU fuk; tujKj; j piuapYk; cs;sjhff; fhl;LfpwJ. f[thfdg; ngUkhid topglj; Jd;gq;fs; ePq;fp kdepk;kjp cz;lhFk;. rutzgtd; vd;gJ KUfdpd; kw;WnkhU Nfhyk;. rptngUkhd; new;wpf; fz;zpypUe;J ntspg;gl;l MW jPg;nghwpfs; MW Foe;ijfshfp ehzw;Gy; epiwe;j rutzg; ngha;ifapy; jhkiu kyh;fspy; tPw;wpUe;jd.

Fkhuje;jpuk; ‘MWKfq;fSk; gd;dpU fuq;fSk; nfhz;L, rf;jp, kzp, Nfhopf;nfhb, jhkiukyh;, Nfhop, ghrk;, jz;lk;, csp, mk;G, tpy; Mfpatw;Wld; mga tujkhfTk; kQ;rs; th;z Nkdpaha;j; jpfo;fpwhh; vd;Wiuf;Fk;. =jj;tepjp, xU KfKk;, MW fuq;fSk; nfhz;l rutzgtd; rpq;fj;jpd; kPJ vOe;jUspAs;sjhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. jpUg;Ngh&hpy; rutzgtd; xU Kfk; ehd;F fuq;fSld; rpk;k thfdj;jpy; fhl;rpaspf;fpwhh;.

MWKfk;, gd;dpU fuq;fs; nfhz;l rutzgtd; ïªJ xË

18

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

fy;ahzf; Nfhyj;jpy;, nts;isahil cLj;jpf; fhl;rpaspg;gjhfTk;> gpuk;rhhp tbtpy; KUfNts; xU KfKk;, tyf;ifapy; jz;lhAjKk;, ,lf;ifapy; t[;urf;jpAk;, jiyapy; FLkpAk; ,ilapy; KQ;rpg; Gy;yhyhd miuQhZk; nfhz;L jhkiu kyh;kPJ vOe;jUStjhfTk; =jj;tepjp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. rptFUthfj; jpfOk; Njrpf Rg;ukz;ah; tbtk; xU KfKk; MWfuq;fSk; nfhz;L ,U fuq;fspy; rf;jp MAjKk;, ml;rkhiy rpd;Kj;jpiu kw;Wk; mga tujkhfTk; fhl;rpaspf;f, vjphpy; rptgpuhd; khztuhf epw;f , mtUf;Fg; gpuzt cgNjrk; nra;thh;. ,uhkgpuhDf; F ‘Nfhjz; l k; ’ Nghy KUfg; ngUkhDk; tpy;Nye;jpa tbit ‘rk;`hu%h;j;jp’ vd;W rpw;g E}y;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. R+ugj;kd; kfd; ,uz;ahRuid mopg;gjw;F KUfd; nfhz;l Nfhyk; ‘,uz;ahRu rk;`hu%h;j;jp’ vd;gjhFk;. ,t;tbitj; jpUtpilf;fop KUfd; Nfhapypy; fz;L jhprpf;fyhk;.

Rthkpkiyj; jpUf;Nfhapypy; gq;Fdp khjj;jpy; eilngWk; ‘Ntl&gf; f hl; r p ’ tpohtpy; KUfd; Ntldhfj; Njhd;wp ts;spia kzf;Fk; tbtk; mw;Gjkhd tbtkhFk;. Nryk; khtl;lk; NgSf;Fwpr;rp goepahz;lth; Nfhapy; %ytbtk; Ntl tbtNk. jiyapy; nfhz; i lAld; tyf; i fapy; NtYk; ,lf;ifapy; NrtYk; nfhz;l mofhd tbtk; ,J. m[h&lh; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; tbtpy;, KUfd; Ml;L thfdj;jpy; fhl;rpaspg;ghh;. fe;jGuhzj;jpy; $wg;gLk; nra;jpapd;gb, ,t;tbitj; jpUg;Ngh&h; fe; j rhkp Nfhapypy; mg+h; t khff; fhzyhk; . jpUr;nre;J}h;j; jpUf;Nfhapy; fe;jr\;bg; ngUtpohtpy; Ml;Lthfdj;jpy; KUfNts; gtdp tUtijf; fz;L ,d;Gwyhk;. jd;id ehb tUk; mbahh;fSf;F mUsKij toq;ff; ifapy; mKj fyrj;ij Ve;jpapUf;Fk; mw; G jf; Nfhyk; Nfhbf; f iu Fofh; Nfhapypy; fhzf;fpilf;fpwJ. xU KfKk; MW fuq;fSk; nfhz;l ,t;thpa mikg;ghdJ kapy;kPJ mkh;e;J ,U GwKk; Njtpah; GilR+of; fhl;rpjUfpwhh;.

eifakh;e;jUs;fpd;whd; vd;W Qhd E}y;fs; $Wk;. ,t;tbit ts;sp fy;ahz Re;juh;, ts;sp kzhsh; vd;W Fkhuje;jpuk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. gpuk;k rh];jh Nfhyj;jpy; tyg;Gwk; ts;spAld; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; mikg;Ng ts;sp fy;ahzRe;juh; tbtkhFk;. ts;sp fy;ahz %h;jj ; pia topglj; jpUkzq;fs; chpa fhyj;jpy; eilngWk;. jilg;gl;l jpUkzq;fs; Kjyhd njhy;iyfs; ePqf ; p ,d;g kakhd ,y;tho;Tg; NgW fpl;Lk;. moFk; ,sikAk; nfhz;l mw;Gjkhd tbtNk ghyRthkp. ,t;tbtpy; xU KfKk; ,U fuq;fSk; nfhz;L, tyf;ifapy; jhkiu kyUk; ,lf;if Fwq;fj;jpYk; (,Lg;gpYk;) cs;sd. jpUtbfspy; jz;ilfs; mzpe;J fhl;rpaspf;Fk; ,f;Nfhyj;ijj; jzpifg; GuhzKk; Fkhuje;jpuKk; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. ghyRthkpia topgl clw;Fiwfs; ePq;fp mofhd clyikg; G k; , tdg; G k; , Njf nrsf; f paKk; Vw;gLk;. fpnusQ;rk; kiyahfj; jpfo;e;j jhufhRuid mopj; j tbtk; fpnusQ; r Ngjdh; . ,t; t bit Fkhuje; j puk; MWKfKk; vl; L f; fuq; f Sk; nfhz;ltuhff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kdj;jpy; rQ;ryq;fs;, Jd;gq;fs; ePqf ; Tk; ,lh;fis nty;yTk; ,k;%h;jj ; pia topgl Ntz;Lk;. kapy; kPJ te;J ekJ ikay; ePf;fp mUSk; khKUfd; jpUf;NfhyNk rpfpthfdh; (kapy; Ch;jpg; ngUkhs;) tbtkhFk;. xU KfKk; ehd;F fuq;fSk; nfhz;L kapypy; mkh;e;J jpfo;fpwhh;. kapY}h;jpg; ngUkhid kwthky; tzq;FNthh; midj;ijAk; ngw;W ,d;g tho;T ngWth;. ‘xU Kfk; ke;jputpjpapd; kuGtsh; me;jzh; Nts;tp Xh;f;Fk;Ng’ vd;W jpUKUfhw;Wg;gilapy; ef; f P u h; Nghw; w pathW nja; t P f ahfhf; f pdpia tsh;gg ; jw;F mf;fpdpiag; Nghd;W ,uz;L Kfq;fSk;, vl;Lf; fuq;fSk; nfhz;Ls;s tbtNk mf;dpQhjh; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ. =jj; J tepjpapy; Fwpf; f g; n gWk; nrsuNga Rg; u kz; a h; tbtk; , ehd; F Kfq; f Sk; , vl; L j; jpUf;fuq;fSk; nfhz;L fuq;fspy; KiwNa rf;jp, jhkiu, kyh;, kyuk;G, t[;uk;, fUk;G, tpy;, R+yk; Mfpait Ve;jpAk; ,U fuq;fs; mgatujkhfTk;, tyf;fhy; g+kpapYk;, ,lf;fhy; rpwpJ tise;Jk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. kfu (kPd;) thfdj;jpd; kPJ fhl;rpaspf;Fk; fhq;Nfa Rg;ukz;ah; mikg;gpy; xU KfKk;, ehd;F fuq;fspy; KiwNa Nrtw;nfhb, muzpf;fl;il, guR (Nfhlyp), g+uzFk;gk; Mfpait Ve;jpAk; fuz;l kFlKk;, ePNyhw;gt khiyAk; mzpe;J jpfo;tjhf =jj;tepjp Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mbahh;fspd; ,jaf; Fifapy; tpsq;Fk; KUfd; FfRg;ukz;ah; tbtpy; xU KfKk; t[;uk;, R+yk; ,U fuq; f spYk; mgatujkhf ,U fuq; f Sk; ,uj; d fphP l k; mzpe; J ,lJ Gwk; NjtpAld; ïªJ xË

KUfdpd; NkYk; rpy tbtq;fSk; mitaike;j ,lq;fSk;.

Nfhit khtl;lk; mtpehrpapypUe;J Nkl;Lg;ghisak; nry;Yk; topapy; ,Uk;giw vd;w Chpd; mUfpy; nebJah;e;j kiyapd; Nky; KUfd; Ie;J Kfk; vl;Lf; fuq;fs; nfhz;L mw;Gjkhff; fhl;rpaspf;fpwhh;. ,k;kiyf; Nfhapy; xjpkiy vd;w ngahpy; 1800 gbfSf;F Nky; cs;sJ. ,t;tbit fpnusQ;rNgjdh; vd;w tbtkhff; nfhs;syhk;. rpjk;guk; rghehafh; Nfhapy; Nkyf; NfhGuthapypy; cs; s ntw; w pNtw; ngUkhs; MWKfq; f Sk; 19

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; kd;dh; fhy Mfkk; rhuhj topghl;L kuGfs; - itahghly;> NfhNzrh; fy;ntl;L Mfpatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Xh; Ma;T NfhNzrh; fy;ntl;L Mfpa ,t;tpU E}y;fspYk; fhzg;gLk; Kf;fpa nja;tkhFk;. ,gKfd; vdTk;> fhl;L tpehafh; vdTk;> fzgjp vdTk;> Iq;fud; vdTk; gy;NtW ngah;fshy; ,t;tpU E}y;fspYk; ,th; toq;fg;gLfpd;whh;. itahghly;>

ftpuh[tNuhjadhy; ghlg;gl;l NfhNzrh; fy;ntl;L> ,uz;L gphpTfshf mike;Js;sJ. Kjw;gphpT> Fsf;Nfhl;ld; jpUNfhzkiyapy; NfhtpYk; FsKk; fl;Ltpj;j nra;jpapid tphpthf vLj;Jf; $w ,uz;lhk; gphpT faghF kd;dd; Mw;wpa gzpfisg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Fsf; N fhl; l d; ,e; j pahtpypUe; J Fbfis mioj; J te; J Fbakh; j ; j paJ> Nfhapy; eph;thfk;> Nfhtpiy eph;thfk; nra;Ak; Kiwfs;> rl;ljpl;lq;fs;> NfhtpYf;fspj;j jputpaq;fs;> td;dpah;fs;> mth;fs; FbNawpa ,lq;fs; Mfpait gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wJ. ,e;E}y;fspy; fhl;Ltpehafh;> tPugj;jpud;> fhsp> Iadhh;> rlhKdp> ehr;rpkhh;> rhj;jd;> vopy;Kdp> tjdkhh;> ituth;> re;jpf;fhtyh;fs;> kq;fyh;> g+jfzq;fs;> ePyhNrhjad;> gj;jpdp;> NjTUf;fs; (mz;zkhh;) Mfpa nja;tq;fspid itah ghlypYk; NfhNzrh; fy; n tl; bYk; fhzKbfpd;wJ. jtpu> ,uhkypq;fk;> mud;kfT> fd; d p ghyfd; > rpj; j puNtyth; > FkNurd; > re;jpuNrfuh; Mfpa nja;tq;fSk; ,t;tpU E} y;fspYk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. fhl;L tpehafh; topghL Mhpar;rf;futh;jj ; pfs; fhyj;jpy; kpf Kf;fpakhd topghl;L Kiwahff; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. fhl;Ltpehafh; itahghly;>

“tzq;fp Ndhh;fs; jikg;ghh;j;J

tho;tPnuQ; Qhd;Wk; nkd;Nw apzq;F Njt thj;jpaq;fs; ,ak;g mQ;ryP nud;W fzq;fs; Kjy;td; fhl;Ltpeh af%h;j; jpnahd;iwf; fuj;jpyPe;J Fzq;fSilaPh; Fy nja;tk; nfhz;L nry;yPnud Tiuj;jhh;”

vd ,e;jpahtpd; Fk;gNfhzg; gFjpapypUe;J fhl;L tpehaf %u;j;jp rpiy td;dpg;gpuNjr Ml;rpahsh;fshy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l nra;jpapidf; $Wk;. mj;Jld; mq;fpUe;J njd;dpyq;iff;F guuhr kd;ddhy;> rptypq;fj;Jld; Iq;fud;> FkNurd;; Mfpa nja;tq;fSk;> G+ir nra;tjw;nfd ehy;tUz kiwf;fpoth;fSk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l nra;jpiaAk; Fwpg;gpLk;.

nry;tp `Nwhrdh n[arPyd; MrpupaH> mYj;tj;ij> jpfid.

gj;Jf;fuq;fSk; nfhz;L Xh; fuj;jhy; Ntypid Vtpa epiyapy; fhz;Nghiug; gpukpf;fr; nra;Ak; Nfhykhff; fhzg;gLfpwhh;. jpUg;guq;Fd;wj;jpy; J}z; rpw;gkhf mike;Js;s NjtNridj; jpUNkdpf;Nfhyk; fz;L ,d;Gwj;jf;fJ. KUfd; Njtahidapd; tyf; f uk; gw; w papUf; f mUfpy; NjNte;jpud; ngUikAld; jhiuthh;f;f, ,d;gj;ij mspf;Fk; fhl;rpapy; nja;thidak;ik jiyiar; rw;Wr; rha;j;J Xuf;fz;zhy; fe;jidf; fz;L fspg;gijAk;, Myk;g+h;f; fhl;rpr; rhiyapy; NjtNridia mizj;j epiyapy; mhpa fiyg;gilg;igAk;, tOt+hpy; nfshp fe;jidf; ifapy; Ve;jp kfpOk; moifAk; fhzyhk;. jpUf; f lt+hpy; ghpTld; nfshp nfhQ; R k; flk;gidAk;, gy;ytdPr;ruk; Nfhapypy; jhapdUfpy; mkh;eJ ; jz;foy; rpyk;Gld; nfhQ;rNt tUk; KUfd; moifAk; fhzKbfpwJ. ïªJ xË

jpUth&hpy; ePNyhw;gthk;gpif jpUf;Nfhapypy; mk;gpiff;F mUfpy; Nrb, KUfid mioj;Jtu mtd; ele;J tUk; moifr; rpw;gp fz;Kd;Nd nfhz;L te;J epWj;jpapUf;fpwhh;. fOFkiyapy; xU KfKk; MWfuq; f Sk; nfhz; L kapypy; fhl; r paspg; g Jk; , Fd; w f; F b , jpz;zpak; Nfhapy;fspy; KUfd;, ts;sp, Njtahid jdpj;jdpNa kapy;thfdj;jpy; fhl;rpaspg;gJk; mhpa fiyg;gilg;ghFk;. nrd; i dapy; jpUkapiyapy; KUfd; kapy; thfdj;jpYk;, ts;sp, Njtahid ,UtUk; jdpj;jdpNa ahidthfdj; j pYk; mkh; e ; J s; s mjprakhd Nfhyj;ij xg;gw;wjhf nrhd;dhy; kpifahfhJ. KOJk; mofpa Fkuidg; gytpj ftpd;kpF Nfhyq; f spYk; tbtq; f spYk; fz; L topgl; L ,d;GWNthkhf!

20

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

ey;iyf; fe;jid te;jid nra;Nthk; fyhG+\zk; jpUkjp ,uhN[];tup n[fhde;jFU

e

,uNjhw;rtjj;ijj; njhlu;e;J jP u ; j ; N jhw; r tk; ,lk; n gw; W kWehs; jpUkzj; jpUtpohthd G+q; f htdj; jpUtpohNthL ,dpJ epiwT ngWfpdw ; J. kWehs; itutg; ngUkhd; Kd; w pypy; itut kilAk; Nfhyhfykhf vz;zw;w mbahu; kj;jpapy; ,lk;ngWjy; kuG. ,t; t plj; j py; ,uNjhw; r tk; vd; w iof;fg;ngWk; Nju; j ;jpUtpohtpd; jj;Jtj;ij Nehf;FNthk;. Guhz tuyhw; w pd; g b xU fhyj; j py; #upa re; j puu; f isr; rf; f uq; f shfTk; > ehd; kiwfis FjpiufshfTk;> NkU kiyia tpyy ; hfTk;> tp\Z ; gfthid mk;ghfTk;> gpuk;khit rhujpahfTk;> gpuztj;ijr; rTf; f hfTk; nfhz; L vk; n gUkhd; vOe; j Usp jd; Gd; K Wty; xd; w hNyNa Kg; G uq; f is vupj; j Uspa “jpupGu rk;`huj;ij” Kk;kyq;fisf; nfLj;njhopf;Fk; cz;ikia ,e;j ,uNjhw;rtk; czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wJ. Nju; j ; j pUtpohtpd; Kbtpy; MWKfg; ngUkhd; Myaj;Js; jpUk;Gk; fhl;rp gRikahfTk; uk;kpakhfTk; mike; j pUf; F k; . ahTk; gr; i r kakhf fhl; r pjUk; MWKfg;ngUkhDf;Fr; rhw;wg;gLk; gr;irg;gl;L gl;nlhsp tPRk;. jpUj;njhq;fy; jpUf;Fil> jpUkhiyfs;> jpUthrp> jpUr;rpd;dq;fs; mj;jidAk; gr;ir tz;zkhf gRik xsp tPrp epwF ; k;. ,g;gr;ir rhw;Wk; itgtk; xU jj;Jtj;ij czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ rfy Md;khf;fSf;Fk; ru; t hDf; f pufk; nra; g tu; jhNd vd; g ijAk; rfy Md;khf;fSk;> rfy ed;ikfisAk; ngw;Wa;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; cz;ikAk; ,g;gr;ir rhw;Wk; itgtk; fhl;b epw;fpd;wJ. ,t;thya cw;rtj;jpd; G+q;fhtdj; jpUtpoh epiwT epfo;thf> Mya ee;jtdj;jpy; jpUf;fy;ahz itgtk; ,lk;ngw;W Kj;Jf;Fkhu Rthkp> ts;sp nja;tahid rNkjuha; kzthsf; Nfhyk; G+z;L tPjp cyh tUk; fhl;rp mw;GjkhdJ. ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myak; vd;wJk; vk; kdf; fz;Kd; Njhd; W td Myaj; j pd; tdg; G W NfhGuq; f Sk; mikjpahd ,lKkhFk;. ,f;fhl;rp ey;Y}iu ifyhakhf;fp tpLk; vd; W nrhd; d hy; kpifahfhJ. ,k; k q; f y tpohNthL ey;iyf; fe;jdpd; tUlhe;j cw;rtk; ,dpJ epiwT ngWk;.

y;Y}u; - ey;y Cu;. aho; efUf;Nfhu; mUs; mzpahf mikfpd;wJ ey;Y}u;. ey;Y}upd; ngUik> nrhy;Yk; jukd;W. ey;iyf; fe;jd; mUs; fhw;wpy; fye;J mUs; kzk; tPRk; ey;Y}u;. Nfhapw; fz;lhkzp mt;tg;NghJ vOg;Gk; ehj Xir efnuq;Fk; xypf;Fk; ey;Y}u;. tl ghy; rpj;ju;fshd nry;yg;gh RthkpfSk;> Nahfh; RthkpfSk; mUs; cyhte;j ey;Y}u; Mya tPjpapd; kz;Zk; mUs; kzf;Fk; ey;Y}u;.

rhu;e;jtu;f;Fr; rhfhtuk; nfhLf;Fk;

ey;Y}iu tPo;e;njOe;J Fk;gpLtha; tpiue;J vd Nahfh; Rthkpfisg; ghlitj;j ey;Y}u;. me;epatuplkpUe;J> irtj;ijAk;> jkpioAk; fl;bf;fhj;j ehtyu; ngUkhd; tho;e;J ew;gzp Mw;wpa ey;y Cu; ey;Y}u;. ,j;jifa rpwg;Gf;fs; Vuhsk; nfhz;l ey;iyak;gjpapd; kFlkhf tpsq;FtJ mq;F mUs; xsp gug;gp epw;Fk; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myaj;jpd; kzpf;NfhGuKk; itutg; ngUkhdpd; Mya Kd;wypy; jz;zpoy; gug;gp epw;Fk; gRik epiwe;j Ntg;g kuKk; MFk;. vk; kdf;fz;Kd; Njhd; w p epw; F k; ,it KUf gf; j u; f isj; jk; g hy; <u;f;Fk;. ,it khj;jpukh? cw;rt fhyj;jpNy kQ;rs; xsp tPrp tPjpapNy gtdp tUk; kQ;rujKk;> mirAk; jq;ff; NfhGuk; Nghy; jq; f xsp tP r p tUk; jq; f ujKk; > tP i zf; nfhbNahd; ifiykiyiag; ngau; f ; f Kad;w mupa fhl;rpiar; rpj;jupf;Fk; ifyha thfdKk;> fz;izf; ftUk; fhu;j;jpNfadpd; G+Q;rg;gwKk;> Nju; cw;rtj;jpd; Kjy;ehs; gue;J cau;e;J tPjpia epiwj;J mire;J tUk; ngUQ; rg;gwKk;> ,uNjhw;rtj;jpd; NghJ rpd;dQ; rpW kzpfs; mire;jhb xypf;f mjd; tz;zj; jpUj;njhq;fy;fs; fhw;wpy; mira ,dpa ehj];tu Xir fhw;wpy; kpje;Jtu> nfhb> Fil> Mytl;lk; Kd;nry;y fhtb Rkg;NghUk;> fw;G+ur;rl;b vLg;NghUkhf KUfdbahu;fs; gpd;nry;y> IaDf;Fg; ghkhiy #l;Lk; Kfkhf g[idf; Nfh\;bapdu; xU GwKk;> fe;jg;ngUkhid neQ;rpy; Rke;j tz;zk; mb mspf;Fk; ngz;zbahu;fSk; mtu;fisj; njhlu;e;J mq;fg;gpujl;rzk; nra;Ak; Mzbahh;fSk; vd gf; j pkpF fhl; r papd; th; z id thh; j ; i jfspy; mlq;fhjitahFk;. ,t; t hya tUlhe; j cw; r tk; Mb mkhthirap ypUe; J Mwhk; ehs; nfhbNaw; w j; J ld; Muk; g khfp ïªJ xË

21

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

nahf® RthÄfŸ g¡f«

ešiy¡ fªj‹ njuoÆš Phd cgnjr« bg‰w nahf® RthÄfŸ ešiy¡ fªj‹ Mya¤â‹

ït®, ã‹dhËš X® c‹dj PhÅahf, M‹Ûf¥ ngbuhËahf¤ âfœªjt®. ïj‰F« nkyhf xU Ól® gu«giu cUthtj‰F tÊfh£oahfÉUªj kfh‹ v‹W« brhšyyh«. nahf® RthÄfŸ ešiy¡ fªj‹ÛJ msÉšyhj g¡â bfh©oUªjt®. fªj‹ÛJ gy ghlšfis¥ ghoÆU¡»wh®. ešiy¡ fªjÅ‹ tUlhªj knfh‰rt« eilbgW« ï›ntisÆš fªj‹ òfœTW« nahf® RthÄfË‹ ghlšfis ïªj¥ g¡f¤âš btËÆLtJ bghU¤jkhf ïU¡F«.

njuo¡F xU jŤJt áw¥ò©L. M‹Ûf K¡»a¤Jt« thŒªj ïlkhf mJ kâ¡f¥gL»‹wJ. ešÿ® njuo¢ á¤j® vd irt¥ bgUk¡fshš ngh‰w¥g£lt® bršy¥gh RthÄfŸ. ïtÇlÄUªJ ïnj njuoÆš Phd cgnjr« bg‰W¡ bfh©lt®jh‹ nahf® RthÄfŸ. bršy¥gh RthÄfis jdJ FUthf V‰W¡ bfh©l

ešÿuh‹ âUto

ešÿ® åâÆš

ešÿuh‹ âUtoia eh‹ Ãid¤j kh¤âu¤âš všyh« kw¥ngdo - »Ëna! ïuî gfš fhnzbdo.

gšyÉ vªehS« ešÿiu ty«tªJ tz§»dhš ïl®fŸ všyh« nghnk.

M‹kh mÊahbj‹W m‹bwd¡F¢ brh‹d bkhÊ eh‹ kwªJ nghntndho - »Ëna! ešÿuh‹ jŠr bko.

mDgšyÉ mªehËš Mrh‹ mUªjt« brŒjïl« mJthjyhny mâra« bk¤j c©L. (vªehS«) ruz« ntjhªj á¤jhªj« f‰wjdhš v‹d nto¡if¡ fijfŸ ngádhš v‹d åâÆš tªbjhU¡fhš ÉGªJ F«ã£lhš Éšy§f« všyh« ïšyhk‰ nghnk. (vªehS«)

njt® áiw Û£l bršt‹ âUtofŸ fhtš vd¡fh bko - »Ëna! ftiybašyh« nghFbko. v¤bjhÊiy¢ brŒjhby‹ Vjt¤ij¥ g£lhby‹ fªj‹ âUtofŸ - »Ëna! fhtš m¿ªâ blo.

r¤âa« bghWik rhªj« ml¡f« äâah äâaª bjÇí« Ãòz® k¤âbrŒ c¤jk® guî« ešÿÇš äâa« tªJgh®¤jhš K¤â ârank.

gŠr« gil tªjhY« ghbušyh« btªjhY« mŠRtnkh eh§fbso - »Ëna!

MWKf‹ jŠrbko.

(vªehS«)

RthÄ nahf ehj‹ brh‹dâU¥ gh£ilªJ« óÄƉ brh‹dhbyo - »Ëna! bghšyh§F ÔUbko.

ešÿ® KUf‹ gšyÉ ešiyÆš thrh Phd¥ ãufhrh. mDgšyÉ ešy bjŒthid tŸËa«ik rnkjh euhRu® g Phdg©o jhguh

ešÿuh‹ fh£á bfhL¥gh‹

(ešiy) ruz« eh‹ c‹id e«ãnd‹ ešFuîã eÈahkš bkÈahkš mUŸjªJ msthŒ njDªJ nt§ifahŒ âid¥òd« Ëwid $uhk‹ kUfns KUfnd »Ughfuh (ešiy)

ešy kybuL¤J ešÿiu eho¥nghŒ ešy kd¤njhL eh«gªjhš - ešykÆš V¿tªJ fh£á bfhL¥gh‹ vÊšKUf‹ nj¿ÉL« áªij bjË! bjËínk Ëáªij brštdUŸ bgh§» tÊínk jhdt®fŸ thndh® - xÊÉ‹¿ tªJ tz§F« tsŠnrU« ešÿlj fªjbtd¢ brhšÈ¡ fUJ! ïªJ xË

22

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

ðððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððð

fªjòuhz« njh‹¿a tuyhW ðððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððððð

f

kWehŸ rig ToaJ. m¥nghJ xU òyt® ntl¤âš KUf‹ tªjh‹. âfœ jr¡fu« v‹gJ âfl r¡fu« v‹W Mtj‰FÇa ïy¡fz« ïJ v‹W åunrhÊa¤âš cŸs xU N¤âu¤ij vL¤J¡ fh£odh® tªj òyt®. åunrhÊa¤âš mj‰F ïy¡fz Éâ ïU¡»wJ. mªj üÈš rªâ¥ gly¤âš gâidªjhtJ N¤âu¤âš, “v©Âu©lhŒ¤ njh‹Wlš ã‹d®¤ jfhu« tÇ‹ ïu©L« bjhl®ghš, M‹w Iªjh« clš M«; K‹ãš x‹W¡F mÊîK©nlh” v‹W tU»wJ. Hfu«, sfu« ïu©o‹ K‹D« jfu« tªjhš lfu« MF« v‹W mªj¢ N¤âu« brhš»wJ. ïjid¢ nf£lîl‹ bghwhik¡fhu® thŒ ml§»dh®. ïªj¢ brŒâia¤ âU¥òfÊš mUz»Çehj®, “kUî òytdh® fÉ¡FnsáW tGt jiwkfh rig¡Fns»na tifa bgaujh ïy¡fzhÉâ bkhÊnthnd.” v‹W«, “K‰g£l ïy¡fz üÈil j¥ò‰w fÉ¡bfd ntmit K‰g£L òJ¤Jiw kh¿a òynthnd.” v‹W« ghL»wh®. mªj¡ fhy¤âš všnyhUnk f¢áa¥g áthrhÇahiu¥ ghuh£o ïªj¡ fh¥ãa¤ij¤ bjŒt r«gªj« cilaJ v‹W ngh‰¿dh®fŸ. ïj‰F xU áw¥ò¥ ghÆu« ïU¡»wJ; “c¢áj khŠát ntâa‹” v‹W bjhl§F« mJ, “fhs¤â X§Fikªj‹ f¢áa¥g‹” v‹W f¢áa¥g áthrhÇahiu¢ brhš»wJ. gH§fhy¤âš gh‰fliy¤ njt®fŸ filªjnghJ mâÈUªJ âUkfŸ vGªjhŸ; rªâu‹ njh‹¿dh‹; mKj« c©lhƉW. mij¥ nghy¡ f¢áa¥g áthrhÇah® ghoíŸs fªjòuhz¤âÈUªJ fšÉah»a rªâuD«, bt©jhkiu nkî« ruRtâí«, nf£»‹w brÉ¡F« ghL»‹w ehî¡F« ï‹g« jU« mÄœjK« vGªjd v‹W mªj¢ áw¥ò¥ ghÆu« brhš»wJ. “c¢áj khŠát ntâa‹ fhs¤â X§Fikªj‹ f¢áa¥ g‹brŒj fªjòuhz¡ fiy¡flÈš bk¢áa fšÉ kâí«bt© lhkiu nkîÄ‹D« ï¢brÉ ehÉD¡ »‹gh« mKJ« vGªjdnt.” (átntâa‹ - Mâirt®. ï‹gh« mKJ« - ï‹gkh»a mÄ®jK«) ahœ¥ghz¤âš ïuhkhaz¤ij Él¡ fªj òuhz¤â‰F¢ áw¥ò mâfkhf ïU¡»wJ. fªjrZoÆ‹ nghJ fªjòuhz¥ ghliy¥ ghl¢ brhšÈ¡ nf£gh®fŸ. mj‰F¥ ga‹ brhštJ v‹w xU Kiw ïU¡»wJ. x›bthU gh£o‹ rhu¤ijí« brhšÈ¡bfh©L tUth®fŸ. ahœ¥ghz¤âny njh‹¿, irt rka¤ij Ãiy eh£oa MWKfehty® ïªj Kiwia Mu«ã¤jh®. eh‹ ahœ¥ghz¤â‰F¥ gyKiw br‹W tªjt‹. Mfnt ïªj Kiwia eh‹ nf£oU¡»nw‹.

ªjòuhz« njh‰¿a fhy« 12-M« ü‰wh©L v‹W brhšth®fŸ. ïªj¥ òuhz¤ij¥ g‰¿ X® mHfhd tuyhW c©L. KUf¥bgUkhDila âUtUis K‹Å£L¡ f¢áa¥g áthrhÇah® ïij¥ ghl nt©Lbk‹W v©Âdh® mtUila jªijah® fhs¤âa¥g áthrhÇah®. fhŠáòu¤âš gy ng®fŸ, “KUf¥bgUkhÅl¤âš ïizÆšyhj g¡âíila Ú§fns fªj òuhz¤ij¤ jÄÊš ghl nt©L«” v‹W mtiu t‰òW¤âdh®fŸ.

M©lt‹ âUtUŸ T£Lɤjhy‹¿¥ ghl ïayhJ v‹W mt® v©Âdh®. ‘ïij v¥go¥ ghLtJ?’ v‹W Ãid¤J¡ bfh©oUªj nghJ, ‘âfl r¡fu«’ v‹w bjhl® mrßÇahf¡ »il¤jJ. mij¡ nf£L, ïiwt‹ âUtUŸ ghȤjh‹ v‹W Mdªj« bfh©L mijna bjhl¡fkhf it¤J¥ ghlyhdh®. všyht‰iwí« gho Ko¤j ãwF mu§nf‰w« el¤j V‰ghL MƉW. xU üiy ïa‰¿a ãwF gy òyt®fŸ 剿U¡»w rigÆš mjid mu§nf‰w« brŒtJ mªj¡ fhy¤J tH¡f«. khbgU« òytU«, áwªj ïy¡fz¤ij ïa‰¿atUkhd bjhšfh¥ãa® mj§nfh£L Mrh‹ mitÆš j« ïy¡fz üiy mu§nf‰¿dh® v‹W bjÇa tU»wJ. gH§fhy¤âš v›tsî bgÇa òyt®fshf ïUªjhY« j«Kila üiy¥ òyt®fŸ ToíŸs rigÆš mu§nf‰w« brŒtJ v‹gJ tH¡fkhf ïUªJ tªâU¡»wJ. ïªj¡ fhy¤âš ïªj tiuaiw nghŒÉ£lJ. xU gh£il¥ gho, ïªj¥ gh£il¥ nghy ntW ah® ghLth®fŸ v‹W jhnk všnyhÇlK« ãurhu« g©Q»w gH¡f« ï¥nghJ V‰g£oU¡»wJ. fªjòuhz« fhŠáòu¤âš KUf¥bgUkh‹ vGªjUËÆU¡F« Fkunfh£l¤âš mu§nf‰w« MƉW. mu§nf‰w« elªj k©lg« m¡ nfhÆÈš jÅahf ïU¡»wJ. f¢áa¥g áthrhÇah® Fkunfh£l¤âš m®¢rfuhf ïUªjt®. mt® m§nf fªjòuhz¤ij mu§nf‰w« brŒj nghJ mtÇl¤J¥ bghwhikíŸs xUt® Kjš gh£il¢ brhšY« nghnj jil T¿dh®. “âfl r¡fu¢ br«Kf ikªJsh‹” v‹W bjhl§F»wJ Éehaf® fh¥ò¥ ghlš. âfl r¡fu« v‹gij, âfœ jr¡fu« v‹W ãǤJ¥ bghUŸ T¿dh® áthrhÇah®. “sfu¤â‹ K‹ jfu« tªjhš lfukhtj‰F Éâ ïU¡»wJ. Hfu¤â‹ K‹ jfu« tªjhš lfukhtj‰F v§nf Éâ ïU¡»wJ?” v‹W mªj¥ bghwhik¡fhu® nf£lh®. “ïªj¥ gh£oš m›thW tªjJ jtW” v‹W brh‹dh®. m¥nghJ á¿J ka§»a f¢áa¥g áthrhÇah®, “ehis¡F mj‰F Éil brhš»nw‹” v‹W brhšÈ Ko¤J É£lh®. M©ltidna Ãid¤J m‹W gL¤âUªjh®. “v«bgUkhnd, Újhnd mobaL¤J¡ bfhL¤jhŒ? Ú vL¤J¡ bfhL¤j bjhlÇnyna jtW ïU¡»wJ v‹W xUt® brhš»wh®, ïJ Ãahªjhdh?” v‹W tUªâdh®. m¥nghJ, “ehisa âd« eh« tU»nwh«. Ú ftiy¥glhnj” v‹W fdÉš ïiwt‹ mD¡»uf« brŒjh‹. ïªJ xË

- ». th. #fªehj‹

(e‹¿ : fªjntŸ fijaKj«) 23

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

ehty® g¡f«

irt tuyhw;wpy; jdJ ,Ug;ig epiyepWj;jpa

ey;iy efh; ehtyh; jpUkjp ehr;rpahh; nry;tehafk;

,

E}y;fis vOJjy; vd;gd tpsq;Ffpd;wd. rhjhuz mwpTs;s kf;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Kbahj ftpij tbtpw; fhzg;gl;l rka cz;ikfis vspa ,dpa ciutbtpy; ntspapl; L g; NgUjtp Ghpe; j ngUe; j if. xU rpyUf; F kl; L Nk njhpe; j pUe; j E}y; f isr; irt cyF mwpa gjpg; G Kaw; r papy; <Lgl; L g; ngUk; gzpahw;wpath;. xUrpyuhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L te;j ,iwkhl;rpikiaAk; mg;guk;nghUspd; fUizj; j pwj; i jAk; $Wk; Guhzf; fijfis Guhzgldk; %yk; fw;NwhUk; kw; N whUk; mwpe; J gad; n gw Guhzgld Kiwikiar; nrOikg;gLj;jpath;. fpwp];jt kjj; j pdh; fpwp]; J tpd; ,iwkhl; r pikiaAk; fUizj; jpwj;ijAk; vLj;Jf; $Wk; tifapw; Ngzpte;j gpurq;f Kiwia irtrka kuGf;Fl;gLj;jp irt cyFf;F gpurq;f pfisj; Njhw;W tpj;J mg;guk;giu ,iwaUis kf;fs; czUtjw;fhd xU cj;jpahf cUthf;fpa Kjw; irtg;g purq;f pAk; gpurq;f f; fiyapd; Kd;N dhbAkhf tpsq;Fk; kWkyh;r;rpahsh; ehtyNu. NkYk; murpaypy; irtj; j kpo; kf; f Sf; F hpa chpikf;fhfTk; Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;lth;. ehtyh; xU Af GU\uhf cyf kWkyh;rr; pfF ; epfuhf irt kWkyh;rr; pia Vw;gLj;jp Nkd;ik nfhs; irtePjp itaj;jpy; jiof;fg; ghLgl;l jpUj;njhz;lh;. gy;yth; fhyj;jpy; ehad;khh;fs; jk; gf;jp ,af;fr; nraw;ghl;bdhy; irtj;ij kWkyh;rr; p milar; nra;jik Nghd;W 19Mk; E}w;whz;L fhyj;jpNy ehtyh; irtj;ij kWkyh;rr; p ngwj; njhz;lhw;wpdhh;. ,t;tifapy; mth; irth;fspilNa fhzg;gl;l irtj;Jf;F tpNuhjkhd nray; f isf; fz; b j; j ikAk; Fwpg; g plj; j f; f jhFk; . ,t; t ifapy; irt rKjhaj; i j rP h ; j pUj; j p kWkyh; r ; r p ngwitf;Fk; Kaw;rpahf rkfhy rka> r%f R+o;epiyfisj; jkJ gpuRuq;fspYk; tpahf;fpahdq;fspYk; mt;tg;NghJ vLj;Jf; $wp cs;shh;. mg;gpuRuq;fspy; md;iwa ghh;g;gd; Nfhapyhh; irtf; F Ukhh; KjyhNdhhpd; ifahyhfhj; jd;ikfis ntspg;gLj;jp cs;shh;. irtrkapfs; irtr; R+oypy; fw; g jw; F irtg; ghlrhiyfis epWtpAk; > irthrphpa ghlrhiyfs; cUthtjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;Lk;> KjpNahh; fy; t papid tsh; f ; f Kw; g l; L k; > ,jw; f hd fy;tpf; nfhs;iffis jpl;lkpl;L cUthf;fpAk; 19 Mk; E}w; w hz; L cyff; fy; t pf; nfhs; i ff; F g; nghUe; J k; tifapy; irth;fs; Mq;fpyk; fw;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij czh; e ; J irt Mq; f py ghlrhiyfis epWTtjw; F Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpj;Jk; nraw;gl;l ngUe;jifahsh;. 19Mk; E}w;whz;by; irtk; kWkyh;rr; p ngw Af GU\uhfr; nraw;gl;L jd; ,Ug;igr; irt tuyhw;wpy; epiyepWj;jpa ngUik ehtyUf;Nf cz;L.

e;ehl;by; irtrka kWkyh;rr; pia Vw;gLj;jpr; irt cyfpy; vd;WNk kwf;fg;glKbahj tifapy; jd; ,Ug; i g epiyepWj; j paikahy; irt cyfpy; tzf;fj;Jf;Fhpatuhf tpsq;Fgth; ey;iyefh; ehtyh;. ey;iy efhpd; rpwg;Gf;Fk; tzf;fj;Jf;Fk; gy tplaq;fs; fhzg; g Lfpd; w NghJk; irt cyfpy; QhdpfspdJk; rpjj; h;fspdJk; mUl;flhl;rKk; fe; j dpd; fUizg; gputhfKk; nfhz; L jdpj; J tkhd ,lj; i jg; ngWtJ ey; Y }h; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy.; ,J Nghd;W jdpjJ ; tkhd ,lj;ijg; ngWgth; ehtyh; ngUkhd;. ehtyh; nry; t tsKk; nry; t hf; F k; kpf; f FLk; g j; j py; gpwe; j th; . gd; n khopg; Gyikahsh; . jkpo; nkhopg; Gyikapy; jdf;F epfuw;wtuhfj; jpfo;e;jth;. tlnkhopapy; ty;yth;. Mq;fpynkhopapYk; jpwik ngw;wth;. ,j;jifa rpwe;j Gyikkpf;f ehtyh; irtrkaj;ij tsh;g;gjw;fhfj; jd; Mq; f py tlnkhop jkpo; g ; Gyik midj; i jAk; gad;gLj;jpath;. Fwpg;ghf irtrka epiyNgw;wpf;Fk; mjd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; mauhJ njhz;L nra;jtNu ehtyh; ngUkhd;. irth;fs; Kiwahd irttho;itg; NgZk; tifapy; me;j xU cah; yl;rpaj;jpw;fhf ngUe;njhz;lhw;wpa fUkNahfpNa ehtyh;. Nkd;ik nfhs; irtePjp tpsq;f Ntz;b kdk; thf; F fhak; Mfpa jphpfuzq; f shYk; mh; g ; g zpg; G ld; nraw;gl;l cj;jNkhj;jk Copaf;fhudhfj; jpfo;gth; ,th;.

19 Mk; E}w;whz;bNy irtj;jkpo; kf;fspilNa Vw;gl;l kWkyh; r ; r p jdpj; J tkhdJ. mjd; fhuz fh; j ; j hthf tpsq;Fgth; ey;Yhh; je;j ehtyNu. 19 Mk; E}w;whz;L cyf tuyhw;wpy; fy;tpapd; gadhd rpe;jid tsh;r;rpahy; gy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;l fhyk;. mj;jifa epiyf;F <Lnra;Ak; tifapy; cyf tuyhw; w pYk; kdpj tuyhw; w pYk; gy rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; kWkyh;r;rpfs; Vw;gl;ld. vdNt ,j;jifa fhyfl;lj;jpy; cyfg; Nghf;if rhpahd rpe;jidapd; %yk; Kiwahfg; Ghpe;J cyf Xl;lj;jpw;Fk; fhy khw;wj;jpw;Fk; Vw; g irt kWkyh; r ; r pg; ghijf; F Kd; N dhbahfTk; kWkyh;r;rpf;fhd nray;tPuuhfTk; epd;W ,wf;Fk; tiuAk; jd; i dNa irteP j papd; ghw; g l; l cd; d j tho; i tr; irth; f s; tho; e ; J kdpjg; gpwtpapd; gaid mila Ntz;Lk; vd;W jd;idNa irtj;Jf;F MFjpahf;fpa cj;jkg; ngUe;jifNa ehtyh;. vdNtjhd; tuyhw;wpy; kwf; f g; g l Kbahjtuhf tzf; f j; J f; F hpatuhf mth; tpsq;Ffpd;whh;.

Nkl;Lf;Fb kf;fsplk; rpiwg;gl;bUe;j irtg; gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fisf; $Wk; Njhj;jpu rhj;jpu E}y;fisr; rhjhuz mwpTila irtkf; f Sk; ,yFthfg; Ghpe; J tho; t py; filg;gpbf;Fk; tz;zk; gytopfspy; ghhpa njhz;ilr; nra;jhh;. mt;tifapNyNa mtUila ciu vOJk; Kaw;rp> gjpg;G Kaw;rp Guhzgldk; gpurq;fk; nra;jy;> fz;ld ïªJ xË

24

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

<oj;J ,e;Jg; gz;ghLk; Mlw;fiyAk; rpthDgtk; vq;Nf gpwf;fpdw ; Njh mq;Nf jhd; fiyfs; kfpo; f pd; w d vd; W nfhs; s g; g bd; ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; fiyfSf;Fg; Gdpjkhd nja;tf P j; Njhw;wk; fw;gpj;Js;sdu;. ehl;baf; fiyahdJ. Mj;kQhdk;> rpthde;jk; vd;gtw;iw kf;fSf;F mspj;J kdjpy; rhe;jj;ijf; nfhLg;gJld; ,e; J gz; g hL tpsf; F k; Kj; j p newpf; F top fhl;LtdthfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

NkYk; cUtkhfTk; mUtkhfTk; epd; W Mz;l ruhruq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; ,af;Fk; guk;nghUspy; Mlw; jj;Jtj;ijg; Gyg;gLj;jp epw;Fk; fiy tbtNk eldk;. Mlw;fiyapd; Clhf fhyk; fle;J jj;Jtg; nghUisf; fhzKbfpd; w J. ,f; f iy epiyNgWila nja;ttbtk;. ,J vf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; nghUe;Jk; Xir xOq;Fila re;jj;jpw;fika ,iwtd; mire; j hLk; nghOJ mz; l ruhruq; f s; midj; J k; ,aq; F fpd; w d. ,f; f iyia nghWj;jtiu rkaKk; jj;JtKk; gpupj;Jg; ghu;f;f KbahnjdthfNt fUjg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tpuz;Lk; fye;J ePf;fkw epw;Fk; nja;tPf fiyNa eldk; . ,e; e piyapy; rkaKk; jj;JtKk; ,ize;J ,e;J rka tpsf;fj;ij epidtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUk; tbtkhf eluh[u;

tpf; f pufk; gilj; j y; > fhj; j y; > mopj; j y; > kiwj;jy;> mUsy; vd;w Ie;njhopy;fisAk; tpsf;fp epw;gJld; ,iwtdpd; mt; Ml;lj;jpdhNyNa ,t; cyfKk; capu;fSk; ,aq; f pf; nfhz; b Uf; f pwJ vd; w jj; J tg; nghUisAk; tpsf;fp epw;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,e;j tifapNy “Ml;Ltpj;jhy; MnuhUtu; MlhjhNuh” vd;w thf;fpaj;jpw;fpzq;f mtd; MLfpd;whd; vd;Dk; rptdpd; jj;Jtj;ijAk; MliyAk; $WfpwhNu jpU%yu;. fiyAk;; topghLk; Nfhtpy; gz;ghl;by; ,uz; l wf; fye; J Nkd; i kaile; J s; s d vd Fwpg; g ply; kpifahfhJ. ,e; J f; f is nghWj;jtiuapy; nja;tf P j;ijAk; nja;tf P j;jpy; fiyiaAk; ,izj;J topgl;ltHfs; MthHfs;.

NkYk; rpthfk topghl;bdhy; Myaq;fspy; ,irf; fiy> gz;zpir> thj;jpa ,ir> eldf;fiy> Mfpa fiyfSk; fhyk; NjhWk; rpwg;gilfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; fphpia KiwfSk; xU fiyahfNt jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; tsHr;rp ngw;wd.

jpUkjp m. fpUiguh[h

B.F.A (Hon), M.A, M.Phil.

eldj;Jiw> aho;g;ghz gy;fiyf;fofk;

ey;Y}Uk; ehtyUk; cyfk; xOq; F nfl; L ,Ue; j fhyj; j py; > KUfg; ngUkhd; cyfj;ij xOq;fhf;fp moF nra;a Ntz;b> mq;F te;J cjpj;jdd; vd;fpwJ fe;jGuhzk;. gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by;> ek; ehl;bYk; njd;dhl;bYk;> irtKk; jkpOk; eype;J> moptpd; tpspk;gpy; ,Ue;jNghJ irtKk; jkpOk; kPz;Lk; jiof;fTk; mtw;iw tpUj;jp nra;Ak; nghUl;Lk; ey;iyf; fe;jd;> MWKfehtyH ey;Y}hpy; cjpf;fj;> jpUtUs; ghypj;jUspdhH. me;epaH Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; irtj; jkpo;f; fy;tp> fyhrhuk; > gz; g hl; L f; $WfisAk; kP l ; n lLj; J mtw;iw tpUj;jpnra;tjw;Fj; jkJ cly;> nghUs;> cj;jpNahf tho;T> Mtp midj;ijAk; mh;gg ; zpjj ; tH. ey;Y}Hf; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; mikg;igAk;> epj;jpa iekpj; j paq; f isAk; kw; W k; eilKiwfisAk; rpthfkq;fSf;Fk; Fkhuje;jpuj;jpw;Fk; mikthff; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lnkd ehtyH ngUkhd; nghpJk; Kad;whH. Nfhapy;fspy; kpUf gypapLjy;> Njtjhrpfs; ïªJ xË

eldkhLjy;> thzNtbf;iffs; Nghd;w Nfspf;iffs;> fspahl;lq;fs; vd;gd Mfk tpjpfSf;F Kuzhdit vd;gjhy; mtw;iw ehtyh; vjpHj;Jf; fz;ldq;fs; njhptpj;J te;jhH. gd;dpU jpUKiwfis Xjy;> Guhzgldk; nra;jy;> g[id> rkag; gpurq;fk;> $l;Lg; gpuhHj;jid> gz;zpir> irthrhuk;> xOf;fk;> jpUj; n jhz; L nra; j y; vd; g tw; i wNa ehtyH ngUkhd; Cf;Ftpj;;jhH. fe;jGuhz fyhrhuk; ehtyH ngUkhdpd; ngUKaw;rpahy; ey;Y}hpNy Cw;nwLj;J cynfq;Fk; Nkd;ik nfhs; irt ePjpahfg; gutp tUfpwJ. ey;Y}Hf; fe;jd; Myaj;jpw;F mUfhikapy; ehtyUf;F kzpkz;lgk; mikj;J Mq;F ehtyH rpiyia epWtp> mtiu epide;J> kjpj;J tzf;fk; nrYj;jp tUtJ Nghw;Wjw;FhpajhFk;.

- fyhepjp F. NrhkRe;juk; (jpU. it. NrhkNrfud; mth; f shy; njhFf; f g; g l; l <oj;J Myaq;fs; aho; khtl;lj; jpUj;jyq;fs; - ghfk; 1 E}ypypUe;J - khkd;w ntspaPL) 25

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

,iwgzp epw;Fk; ,e;J kf;fspd; cr;r epWtdk; fªijah Úyf©l‹

jiyt®, m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w«

vy;yhk; ty;y vk;ngUkhdpd; mUshy; ,e;ehl;L

gf;fgyid kwf;fKbahJ. ,d;W fyhepjp fkyehjd; ntspehL nrd; W tpl; l jdhy; Vida ,UtUk; > mWgjhtJ Mz;ilnahl;b ey;Y}H Gz;zpa G+kpapy;; (A+iy 31 Kjy; elf;Fk;) ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;il khkd;wk; elj;j vq;fSf;F topfhl;b msg;gupa gy cjtpfisr; nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. ,jw;F cjTk; VidNahUf;Fk; ed;wp. ,f;fl;lj;jpy; vkJ Nritfs; gw;wp RUf;fkhf vLj;Jf; $wp vkJ cld;gpwg;GfSf;fhf ehq;fs; Mw;Wk; gzpfisj; njhlUNthk;> vd;w cWjp nkhopiaAk; jUfpd;Nwhk;.

,e;J epWtdq;fspd; xd;wpakhf> ,e;J kf;fspd; cr;r epWtdkhf> ,e;J kf;fspd; Fuyhf MW jrhg;jq;fshf mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; “,iwgzp epw;f” vd;w mjd; ,yl;rpaj;Jf;fika gzpahw;wpa tuyhw;Wld; mWgjhz;L epiwitf; fz;Ls;sJ. vdf;F Kd; khkd;wj;ijj; jiyik jhq;fpa (1). gpugy rptpy; Nrit mjpfhupAk; caH];jhdpfUkhd mkuH rp. Fkhurhkp mtHfs;> (2). gpugy rptpy; Nrit mjpfhupAk; mikr;rUk; jpUf;NfjPr;ru jpUg;gzpf;Fj; jd; i dNa mHg; g zpj; j mkuH NrH. fe; i jah itj;jpaehjd; mtHfs;> (3). vd; je;ijapd; fy;Y} upj; Njhodhf tsHe;j caH ePjpkd;w ePjpaurH mkuH nghd;. =];fe;juh[h mtHfs;> (4). rl;lj;juzpfs; rq;fj; jiytuhf Gfo;ngw;w mkuH v];. NrhkRe;juk; mtHfs;> (5). vd;id xU rl;lj;juzpahf caH ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rj;jpag; gpukhzk; nra;tpj;J itj;j caH ePjpkd;w ePjpaurH mkuH tp. rptRg;gpukzpak; mtHfs;> (6). nfhOk;gpy; khkd;wj;jpw;F fhzpiag; ngw ngUk; ghLgl;l mkuH M. rpd;dj;jk;gp mtHfs;> (7). vOk;ghj khkd;wj; jiyikaff; fl;llj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtij Muk;gpj;j ngUikf;Fupa mkuH Nt. ghyRg;gpukzpak; mtHfs;> (8). ,U jrhg;jq;fshf khkd;w tuyhw;iw khw;wp ehd; nghJr; nrayhsuhf ,Ue;j ngUk; gFjpapy; vd;id topelj;jp> jd; jiyikia vd;dplk; xg;gilj;j kdpjNea khkzp ,iwrpNuhuj;jpdk; tp. fapyhrgps;is mtHfs; Nghd;w ngUkf;fis> vz;zpg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ rpwpNaDf;F ,e;j Mrdj;jpy; khkd;wj;jpd; mWgjhtJ epiwT fhyj;jpy; mkuj; jFjp NghjhJ vd;w gjl;lNk vdf;F Vw;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; vd;Dld; NjhNshL Njhs; epd;W ciof;Fk; rNfhjuHfs;> vq;fSf;F topfhl;Lk; Md;kPfr; RlH njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfs;> ey;Y}H MjPd Kjy;tH kw;Wk; ,uhkfpU\;z kp\d; jiytH cl;gl;l FUkhHfs; Mya mwq;fhtyHfs; kdpjNea khkzp fapyhrgps; i s cl; g l; l ngupNahHfs; jUk; Cf; f Kk; MjuTk; kw; W k; ,e; e hl; b Yk; ntspehLfspYk; thOk; ,e;J kf;fs; vq;fSf;Fj; njhlHe;J jUk; ey;tho;j;Jf;fSk; ,iwgzp epd;W vkJ flikfis epiwNtw;w cjTfpd;wd. rpwpNad; xU njhz;ld; - rptnjhz;lh;fspy; njhz;ld;. khkd;w k; Ik; g jhtJ Mz; L G+Hj; j p nra; j NtisapYk; aho; kz;zpy; gy fy;tpkhd;fis mioj;J ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;il 2005 ,y; elj; j pNdhk; . irtQhdghD nrQ; n rhw; n ry; t H fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd;> NguhrpupaH ngUe;jif m.rz;Kfjh];> aho; Njrpa fy;tpaw; fy;Y}up gPlhjpgjp fyhepjp j. fkyehjd; MfpNahh; je;j ïªJ xË

Md;kPfg; gzpfs;

vkJ kf; f spilNa Md; k P f czh; i tAk; ,iwgf;jpiaAk; tsh;j;J mth;fis vkJ rka topapy; tho toptFf;Fk; gy gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;L te;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;W jpUg;jpAld; $w vq;fSf;F ,iwaUs; fpilj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. Mya topghl;il ikakhff; nfhz;l vkJ rkaj;jpy; kf;fis Md;kPf topghl;by; ,l;Lr; nry;tjpy; njhlh;e;Jk; Myaq;fs; tFf;Fk; Kf;fpa gq;if vtUk; kWf;fKbahJ. ,e;ehl;by; mur> ,uhZt MjuTld; mtpl;Ltplg;gl;l fho;g;GzHthy; gy Myaq; f s; fle; j %d; W jrhg; j q; f spy; mopf;fg;gl;ld> ghjpf;fg;gl;ld. mtw;wpy; gytw;iwg; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;a vkJ kf;fs; eltbf;if vLj;jhYk; muR jd; nghWg;ig epiwNtw;wj;jtwp tpl;lJ. mjidr; Rl;bf;fhl;b murplk; epthuzk; Nfhup te;jpUf;fpNwhk;.

r%fg; gzpfs;

gy;NtW topfspYk;> NtjidfshYk;> NrhjidfshYk; fle;j %d;W jrhg;jq;fSf;F Nky; thLfpd;w vkJ cld;gpwg;Gf;fSf;F cjtpfs; toq; F tjpy; khkd; w k; fz; Z k; fUj; J khf Nritahw;wp te;jpUf;fpwJ. kf;fs; Nghhpd; nfhLikahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l NghJ mth; f Sf; F epthuz cjtpfis toq; F tjpy; khkd;wk; Kd;Ndhbahf ,Ue;jJ. tlfpof;fpy; kf;fs; ,lk; ngah;e;jNghJ mth;fisj; Njb> ehb cjtp nra;Njhk;.

Nghhpdhy; td;dpapypUe;J jtpj;J ntspNawpa kf; f s; > rpthr; r hhpahh; f s; > tNahjpgh; > jha; k hh; > Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk; gy;fiyf;fof khzth;fSf;Fk; jhkjpahJ Xbr; nrd;W ifnfhLj;J cjtpNdhk;. ,g;gbahfj; njhlh;e;J ,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; vd vkJ cld; gpwg;Gf;fs; fz;zU P k; fk;giyAkhf ,Ue;j Ntisnay;yhk; Xbr; nrd;W mth;fspd; grpiag; Nghf;f vk;khyhd cjtpfis toq;fpNdhk;.

26

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

,yq;ifapd; tlf;fpy; ehl;lhh; ngz; nja;t topghL fhzg;gLk; gFjpfs; Jh;f;fh Njtp - msntl;b> njy;ypg;gio> GJf;FbapUg;G> Ezhtpy; fz;zfp mk;kd; - kz;iljPT> fhiuefH> Gq;FLjPT> Gw;Fsk;> tz;zhd;Fsk;> %d;WKwpg;G> tl;Lf;Nfhl;il> mq;fzhf;flit> rz; b ypg; g ha; > khjfy; > Vohiy> fpshid> gP l huj; j id> kapypl; b > fhq; N frd; J iw> ijapl;b> gUj;jpj;Jiw> ehfHNfhtpy;> tuzp> my;tha;> GNyhypA+H> Mthuq;fhy;- Gj;J}H> ePHNtyp> Nfhg;gha;> Ky;iyj;jT P > Ks;spatis> rpyhtj;ij> fw;fplq;F> gidahz;lhd;> mupakL> nfhf;fpsha;> FKsKid> Xke;ij> epyhntsp> GNyhyp> rhtfr; N rup> G+efup> Fk; G Wgpl; b > MidapwT gj;jpdpak;ik - <usf;Fsk;> fStd;Nfzp> rk;Gf;fop Kj;Jkhup mk;ghs; - mr;RNtyp> my;tha;> msntl;b> mdiyjPT> clg;G> cilahHfl;L> fl;Ltd;> fjpuntsp> fhiuefH> fhq;Nfrd;Jiw> fpspntl;b> fPupkiy> FUk;grpl;b> rpj;jhz;b> rhk;gy;jPT> Rl;bGuk;> ehtw;Flh> Gq;FLjPT> neLe;jPT> kz;iljPT> tl;Lf;Nfhl;il> ty;iy> Ky; i yj; j P T > Nfhg; g ha; > nfhj; J f; F sk; > Gspaq;Fsk;> gOfhkk;> tof;fk;giu> njhy;Guk;> ];fe;jGuk;> Nrw;Wf;fz;b. gj;jpufhsp fhspak;ghs; - fhspfh Njtp mr; R Ntyp> ,Ughiy> jpUney; N typ> Jk; g is> RopGuk; > rq; f uj; i j> ,Ztpy; > tz;zhHgz;iz> ky;yhfk;> Gq;if> khdpg;gha;> ,Ztpy;> nfUlhtpy;> Gq;FLjPT> rurhiy jpnusgij mk;kd; - gOfhkk;

ehr;rpak;kd; - fpshd;> ethyp ,yq; i fapd; tlgFjpapy; ek; g pf; i f rhHe;J vOe;j fpuhkpa nja;t topghl;by; ngz; n ja; t q; f Sf; F rpwg; g hdnjhU ,lk; toq; f g; g l; b Uf; f pd; w J. NkYk; ,j; n ja; t topghLfs; gz;ilf;fhyk; KjNy fhzg;gl;bUj;jiy ,yq;ifapd; njhd;ikahd tuyhWfis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;w kfhtk;rk;> aho;g;ghz itgt khiy Nghd;w E}y;fsJ mbg;gilapy; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. ,t; Myaq;fs; Kiwahd Mfk topghl;L Kiwfs; jw;fhyj;jpw; gpd;gw;wg;gl;lhYk; $l ghuk;gupa rlq;FKiwfSf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jw;NghJ ,t; Myaq;fs; gpsi ; sahH> KUfd;> itutH> eluh[H Nghd;w gupthu nja;tq;fSf;Fk; re;epjpfs; mikf;fg;ngw;W> ,uh[NfhGuq;fs; epHkhzpf;fg;gl;L> kw;iwa Myaq;fisg; Nghd;W epj;jpa> iekpj;jpa> NjHj; jpUtpohf;fs;> myq;fhu cw;rtq;fs; elhj; j g; n gWfpd; w J. rlq; F fisg; Nghy gyNtW fiy mk;rq;fSf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tif rlq;FKiwfs;> mtw;wpd; gpd;dzp> $j;J Nghd;w fiyfs;> mit epfo;j;jg;gLfpd;w Kiwfs; Nghd;w gy;NtW tplaq;fis Kiwahd tpjj;jpy; vOj; J Utpy; Mtzq; f shf cUthf; F jy; vjpHfhyj;jpy; gpuNjrq;fs; rhHe;j tuyhWfs;> nja;ttopghL rhHe;j ek;gpf;iffs; vd;gtw;iw czHe; J nfhs; s cjTk; rhjdq; f shf mikAk;.

tpNtfhde;juh[h JyhQ;rdd; tpQ;Qhd gPlk; nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk;

khkd;w Kfhikg; Nguitapy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Kd;nkhopitj; njhlh;e;J md;iwa jiyth; kdpj Neakhkzp ,iwrpNuhuj;jpdk; tp. fapyhrgps;is ,yq; i fapYk; mT]; j pNuypah> mnkhpf; f h> ,q;fpyhe;J> fdlh Mfpa ehLfspYk; kdpj Nea epjpak; Muk;gpj;J khkd;w r%fg; gzpfSf;F epjpAjtp ngw;W je;jikiaAk; kwf;fKbahJ. vkJ cld; gpwg;Gf;fSf;fhf vq;fs; ,jak; vd;Wk; Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. 2006 Mk; Mz;by; ,jaj;jpy; Jthuk; vd;w Nrhfkhd rhpj;jpuj;Jld; aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J te;j MW taJr; rpWkpf;F nfhOk;G mg;gNyh itj;jparhiyapy; ,Ujar; rj;jpu rpfpr;iria mtru mtrukhfr; nra;a Mtd nra;J me;jr; rpWkpapd; capiuf; fhg;ghw;wpaJ khkd;w tuyhw;wpy; xU kfh Gz;zpakhd nray;. ïªJ xË

,g;gbg; gyg;gy kdpjNeag; gzpfis Mw;wpf;nfhz;L mLj;j jrhg;jj;jpy; fhyb vLj;J itf;fpNwhk;.

,e;J ,isQu; rKjhak;

Nghu; kw;Wk; ,uhZt eltbf;iffshy; ghjpg;Gw;w gps;isfs; kw;Wk; KjpNahu;fSf;fhd jq;Fkpl trjpfis Vw; g Lj; j pf; nfhLj; j jw; F Nkyhf mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; fle;j fhy Aj;j mdu;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfp 2009 Mk; Mz;L td;dpapy; ,Ue;J mdhjuthf te;j 275 aho; gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fis mutizj;J kdpjNea epjpak; kw;Wk; yz;ld; fdf Ju;f;if mk;kd; Myak; vd;gtw;Wld; ,ize;J mtu;fsJ fy;tp eltbf; i ff; f hf khje; N jhWk; epjpAjtpaspj; J te;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,t;Tjtpiag; gw;wp md;iwa

27

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

,e;jg; gpur;rpidiag; gyh; vkJ ftdj;jpw;F nfhz;L te; J ,f; i fNal; b d; Mq; f py nkhopngah; g ; i g ntspapLkhW Nfl;bUe;jdh;. ,jw;fika Mrphpia jpUkjp jpyfh tp[auj;jpdk; mth;fspd; fbd Kaw;rpahy; ifNal;bd; mbg;gilapy; Xh; Mq;fpy Mf;fj;ijj; jahhpj;J mj;Jld; rptGuhzk;> mgpuhkp me; j hjp> fe; j r\; b ftrk; > jpUg; n ghw; R z; z k; > jpUntk;ghit> rfyfyhty;yp khiy Mfpatw;wpd; nkhopngah;g;Gf;fSk; (Translations) Transliterations “A Compendium for Hindus” vd;w Mq;fpy kQ;rhpia vkJ itutpoh ntspaPlhf 06.03.2015 ,y; ntspapl;Nlhk;. ,e;j E}y; 4.4.2015 md;W mT];jpNuypah rpl;dp KUfd; Myaj;jpYk;> 19.04.2015 ,y; ,yz;ldpy; gphpj; j hdpa ,e; J Myaq; f spd; xd; w paj; j pd; khehl;bYk; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. rkPgj;jpy; Md;kf P r;Rlh; njhz;Lehjd; Rthkpfspd; xOq;fpy; mnkhpf;fhtpy; rpf;fhf;NfhtpYk; ntspapl;L itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

aho; gy; f iyf; f of cgNte; j u; gfpuq; f khfg; ghuhl;baJld;> &gh ,uz;lhapuj;ij xNu ehspy; fhzhj vk; gps; i sfSf; F ,e; J khkd; w k; xOq;F nra;Js;s cjtp NgUjtpahFk; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;likiaAk; kwf;f KbahJ. NkYk; aho; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fof khztu;fspd; fy;tp eltbf;if fSf;fhf fzpdpfs; md;gspg;G nra;a eltbf;if Nkw;nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. fzdp %yk; vq;fs; khztHfs; rHtNjr uPjpapy; tsUk; mwpitg; ngwNtz;Lk; vd;gNj vkJ tpioT. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Md;kPfg; gz;ghLfis kwe;J etehfupf tho;f;ifahy; ftug;gl;L kJ kw;Wk; Nghijg; nghUl;fSf;F MshFk; vkJ ,sk; rKjhaj;ijf; fhg;ghw;WtJ vq;fs; vy;NyhupdJk; jiyaha flikahFk;. ,jpy; Fwpg;ghf aho; fy;tp r%fj; J ld; ,ize; J gzpahw; w Tk; khkd; w k; Kd;te;jpUf;fpwJ.

rptnjhz;lH mzpAk; irttpj;jfH gapw;rpAk;

khkd; w k; rptnjhz; l h; mzpia Muk; g pj; J ,jid gy ,lq;fspYk; ,aq;f itf;f Kaw;rpfs; nra;J nfhz;LtUfpwJ. ,jw;F vkJ kf;fsplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk; MjuTk; xj;Jiog;Gk; NghjhJ vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. rptnjhz;lh; mzpg; gapw;rpf; fUj;juq;Ffs; elj;jp tUfpNwhk;. ,isQh;fSf;F rhy;itAk; AtjpfSf;F fOj;Jg;gl;bfSk; nfhLj;J tUfpNwhk;. jpUf;NfjPr;ruj;jpy; rptnjhz;lh; mzp ,aq;Fk; kfpikiag; ghh;f;fyhk;. rptnjhz;lh; mzpfis epWtp ,af; f rfy mq; f j; J t rq; f q; f Sk; Myaf;FOTk; Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. irtQhdghD nrQ; n rhw; n ry; t h; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; nfsut ,af;Feuhf newpg;gLj;Jk; irttpj;jfh; gapw;rpia vkJ aho; gzpkidap;y; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;J Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpy; Muk;gpj;Njhk;. ,e; j gapw; r pia epiwTnra; j th; f Sf; F ,e; J rka mYty;fs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; mj;jhl;rpAld; mth; f Sf; F rhd; w pjo; f s; nfhLj; j pUf; f pNwhk; . ,e;jg; gapw;rpia njhlh;tJ Kf;fpak;. Mdhy; ,jpy; Nru vkJ ,sk; jiyKiwapdh; jaq;FtJ tUe;jj;jf;fJ.

fy;tpg; gzpfs;

vkJ khkd;wj;jpd; tuyhw;wpy; rpy iky; fw;fis khkd;wj;jpd; fy;tpg; gzpfs; gjpj;jpUf;fpd;wd. khkd;wf; fy;tpf;FO ehl;bd; gy gFjpfspYk; fy;tpf; fUj;juq;Ffis elj;jp te;jJld; ,e;ehl;L ,e;J kd;wq;fspd; gpur;rpidfis chpa ,lq;fSf;F vLj;Jiuj;J khkd;wk; Fuy; vOg;g top nra;jJ. Mz; l hz; L NjhWk; Mapuf; f zf; f hd ,ytr mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfq;fis mr;rbj;J khkd;wj;jhy; mwnewpg; ghlrhiy khzth; f Sf; F k; kw; W k; Njitahd khzth;fSf;Fk; vq;fspd; midj;J rq;fq;fs; %yk; toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

ntspaPLfs;

khkd;wk; ,e;J kf;fspd; rka mwptpid tpUj;jp nra;a ntspaPLfs; %yk; ey;ynjhU gzpia Mw;Wfpd;wJ. 19 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; “,e;J xsp” rQ;rpif xOq;fhf ntspte;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. fhyhz;bjohf Rlh;tpl;l ,e;J xsp rkPgfhyj;jpy; ,U khjq;fSf;F xUKiw ntsptUtJld; rpy tpNrl rpwg;Gkyh;fSk; ntspte;jpUf;fpd;wd. mWgJ Mz;Lfs; epiwT ngWk; ,r;rkaj;jpYk; Fiwe;jJ ,U njhFjpfisf; nfhz;l rpwg;G kQ;rup xd;iwAk; ntspapl xOq;Ffs; nra;JtUfpd;Nwhk;. me;j kQ;rhpapy; ,e;j khehl;by; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLk; Rkhh; vOgJ Ma;Tf; fl;LiufisAk; gpuRhpg;Nghk;. ,e;J kf;fSf;F xU ifNaL 2001 ,y; jkpopy; Kjypy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. mjd; jpUj;jpa gjpg;G 2006 ,y; te;jJ. cs;ehl;bYk; ntspehl;bYk; rkanewp tho;Tf;F cjt ,f; ifNal;il vkJ rNfhju rNfhjhpfSk; thq; F tjhy; gy kWgjpg; G f; f s; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;sd. ntspehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; vkJ ,sk; jiyKiwapdh; rpyUk; ,e;ehl;by; rh;tNjrg; ghlrhiyfspy; gbf;Fk; khzth;fSk; jkpo;nkhopapy; thrpf;f KbahJ ,Uf;Fk; Jh;g;ghf;fpa epiy fhuzkhf jkJ rkaj;ij Vd; jpUKiwfisf; $lg; gbf;fKbahJ ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ïªJ xË

eLj;jPHg;G ikak;

vkJ Myag; gpur;rpidfs; ePjpkd;wq;fSf;F nry;yf;$lhJ. eLj;jPh;g;G ikak; %yk; RKfkhf rka mwpTkpf;f vk;ktuhy; mg;gpur;rpidfis jPhf ; f ; Ntz;Lk; vd eLj;jPh;g;G ikaj;ij epWtp mjw;fhd tpjpfis Mf;fp ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,jid vkJ Mya eph;thfpfSk; Myaq;fSld; rk;ge;jg;gl;lth;fSk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

mq;fj;Jt rq;fq;fs;

vkJ mq;fj;Jt rq;fq;fs; ehlshtpa hPjpapy; gy kfj;jhd Nritfisr; nra;J tUfpd;wdh;. mq;fj;Jt rq;fq;fs; cjtpfs; Nfhhpa Ntisfspy; mtw;iw Muha;e;J KbAkhdtiu cjtp tUfpNwhk;.

28

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

njhFg;ghf ntspapl ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,Njghzpapy; fpof; F khfhzj; j py; XH Muha; r ; r p khehl; i l brk;gupYk;> mLj;j [dtupapy; nfhOk;gpy; rHtNjr kl;lj;jpy; xU khehl;ilAk; elj;j ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;ehl;L jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikapdH ,e;J kf;fs;. tlf;F> fpof;F> kiyafk; NtW gpuNjrk; vd;w NtWghbd;wp ehq;fs; vy;NyhUk; xd;W jpus Ntz;Lk; ,e;J kf;fSk; vy;NyhUk; khkd; w j; J ld; ,ize; J nrayhw; w tUkhW Nerf;fuk; ePl;b cq;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; ed;wp $wp epiwTnra;fpNwd;.

fl;llq;fSk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSk;

gy fl;llq;fis mikj;Jk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; nra;Jk; ehnly;yhk; vkJ ,e;J kf;fs; eyd; fUjp gy gzpfisr; nra;JtUfpNwhk;.

,e;J kf;fspd; Fuyhf

,e;j ehl;bd; ,e;J kf;fspd; Fuyhfj; njhlHe;Jk; xypj;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. mur rhHgw;w Kiwapy; vkJ kf;fspd; Njitfis murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; ntspehl;L J}jufq;fSf;Fk; vLj;Jf; $w khkd;wk; vd;Wk; jaq;ftpy;iy.

aho; kz; rptg+kpahf kpspuNtz;Lk;

(aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ele;j khkd;wj;jpd; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl; b d; Muk; g epfo; t pd; N ghJ> jiyik tfpj; j khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; Mw;wpa ciu)

,e; j NkilapypUe; J ciuahw; W k; N ghJ rpwpNad; xU jiytd; vd;w ,Wkhg;Gld; vOe;J epw; f tpy; i y. khkd; w j; j pd; rptnjhz; l h; f spy; xUtdhf njhz;lh;fSf;nfy;yhk; njhz;ldhfNt flikahw; w pf; nfhz; b Uf; f pNwd; . ntspehl; b y; gpwe;jhYk; %d;W tajpy; vd;id vd; ngw;Nwhh;fs; ,g;g+kpf;Ff; nfhz;Lte;jhh;fs;. ,q;Nf md;W epytpa fy;tpj; juj;jpd; cah;epiy> Md;kPf tho;tpd; rpwg;G> gz; g hLfs; epiwe; j r%fepiy KjypaitNa mjw;Ff; fhuzk;. ,q;Nf ghlrhiyfspy; fy;tp fw; W Myaq; f spd; R+oypy; xU fpuhkj; j py; tho;e;J tsh;e;jtd;. ,d;W mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; njhz;by; ,izaTk; ,r;rptg+kpapy; fw;witAk; ,g;g+kp tho;Tk; jhd; toptFj;jd. md;W Nrhoff;fhw;wpd; ,d;gj;ij mDgtpj;jtd; ,d;W ngUk; murpay; R+whtsp mbf;Fk; R+o;epiyapy; te;jpUf;fpNwd;. aho; kz;zpy; epyTk; ngUq;Fiwia aho; kz; z pd; ike; j d; vd; w chpikAld; vLj; J r; nrhy; y hky; ,Uf; f Kbatpy; i y. mfq; f huk; vy;Nyhhpd; jiyapYk; jiy J}f;fpahf;Ffpd;wJ. mjw;F ,d;iwa murpaYk; fhuzNkh vd;W $lj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. murpay; jiyth;fs; mfq;fhuj;ijj; Jwe;J gz;Gld; rNfhju czh;Tld; thoNtz;Lk;. mJ ,g;g+kptho; kf;fSf;F topfhl;bahf mika Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikahd Md;kPf tho;tpy; tsh;e;jth;fNs vkJ rKjhaj; i j topelj; j Kd; t uNtz; L k; . vdf;Nf vy;yhk; njhpAk; ehNd nghpa kdpjd; vd;w mfq;fhuf;Fk;gy; kiwaNtz;Lk;. vkJ kf;fis Fwpg;ghf ,isa rKjhaj;ij Nghijt];J> kJ kw;Wk; Jh;gg ; of;fq;fspypUe;J fhg;ghw;wNtz;Lk;. mJ vq;fs; jiyaha flik.



Myaq;fs;

,d; W <oj; j py; kl; L ky; y <oj; j pypUe; J Gyk; ngah;e;j vkJ kf;fs; thOk; ehLfspYk; vkJ rkaj; i jAk; Md; k P f czh; i tAk; tho itj; J f; nfhz; b Ug; g it Myaq; f Ns. vkJ ehl; b y; Mz; l hz; L fhykhf fl; l g; g l; l vkJ ,e; J Myaq; f s; gy mopf; f g; g l; b Uf; f pd; w d> Nrjg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. jpUke;jpuj;jpy; jpU%yh; nrhd;d Gdpj thpapid cjhrPdg;gLj;jp vk;ik Mste;j muRfs;> muRfspd; MjuTld; ,aq;fpa ,uhZtg;gilfSk; ,jw;F nghWg;G. kPzL ; k; kPzL ; k; ,bj;J ,bj;J khkd;wk; vLj;Jf;$wpAk; ,j;nja;tf P j; JNuhfr; nray;fs; vLj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;ld. murd; md;W mWg;ghd;> nja;tk; epd;W mWf;Fk; vd;W kl;Lk; nrhy;y tpUk;GfpNwd;. mope;j> Nrjg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,d; D k; GdUj; j huzk; nra; a g; g l Ntz; b a Myaq;fs; cldbahf GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl;L xOq;fhfg; g+irfs; elj;j toptFf;f Ntz;Lk;. ngUk; NfhGuq; f is xU rpy nry; t e; j h; f s; jq; f spd; ghuk; g hpa nrhj; J vd; w thpirapy; gyNfhbfs; nryT nra;J fl;LtjpYk; ghh;f;f> rfy fpuhkq;fspYk; Myaq;fs; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl;L g+irfs; elj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. ehd; rpwpa tajpy; jhprpj;j jpy;iyak;gyk; Nfhtpy; Nghd;witiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

rpthr;rhhpahh;fs;

Myaq;fspy; g+ir nra;ag; Nghjpa rpthr; r hhpahh; f s; ,y; y hjJ xU ngUk; Fiw. ,e;j khehl;bd; rpy mkh;Tfspy; ,e;jf; Fiwgw;wp vLj;Jf;$wg;gl;lJ. rpthr;rhhpahh;fs; rka mwpTk; fphpah tpjpfs; njhpe;jth;fshfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; gyh; tw;GWj;jpdh;. ,q;F nfsutpf;fg;gl ,Uf;Fk; rpt= kfhNjtf;FUf;fs; elj;Jk; ,Ztpy; jh;krh];jh FUFyk; rpwg;ghf elhj;jg;gl xU fhzpiag; ngw;Wj;ju kd;wj;jplk; Ntz;LNfhs; je;jpUf;fpwhh;. mjidr; rhjfkhf Mjhpj;J Kfhikg;

vy;NyhUk; xd;W jpus;Nthkhf

mWgjhtJ Mz;L G+Hj;jp rkaKk; ntWk; tpohf; f s; nfhz; l hl; l q; f isj; jtpHj; J ,e; J kf;fSf;F ed;ikjUk; topapy; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; fy;tpj;Jiwiar; NrHe;j fy;tpkhd;fspd; MjuTld; aho;. ey;Y}H JHf;fh kzpkz;lgj;jpy; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL elj;Jfpd;Nwhk;. vOgjpw;FNkw;gl;l Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufs; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;iw Mtzg;gLj;jp vjpHfhy re;jjpapdupd; eyd;fUjp vkJ mWgjhtJ Mz;L epiwT kyH ïªJ xË

29

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

Nguitapd; mq;fPfhuj;ij NfhutpUk;GfpNwd;. ,f; FUFyj;jpw;F tlkhfhz Kjyikr;rh; MjuT ju xj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. ,e;J fyhrhu mikr;rUk; cjtNtz;Lk;. rpthr;rhhpah;fSf;F Nghjpa Ntjdk; fpilg;gjpyi ; y vd;w FiwghLk; gy ,lq;fspy; njhptpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mth;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; fhzpf;iffs; Nghjhjh? vd; W rpyh; Nfl; f pd; w dh; . Mdhy; mg; g bahd fhzpf; i ffs; fzprkhd mstpy; fpilg; g Jk; mhpJ. vdpDk; ehd; nrhy;Yk; xU fUj;J> me;jf; fUj;J gpur;ridia vOg;gyhk;. vd;whYk; khkd;wj; jiytuhf my;y xU jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; kdjpy; gLtij nrhy;y tpUk;GfpNwd;. rpthr;rhhpah;fs; g+rfh;fs; Kiwfspy; khw;wk; nra;af; $lhjh? irthfk Kiwg;gb Gdpj Kiwapy; tho;gth;fs; mJTk; Jwtpfshfp tho;e;j ahuha; ,Ug;gth;fisf; nfhz;l xU rpthr;rhhpahh; guk;giu gpwf;f top tFf; f $lhJ. ,uhkfpU\; z kp\d; Jwtpfs; Nghd;W g+rfh; Jwtpfs; cUthf;fg;glf; $lhJ. nysfPf tho;tpy; rpthr;rhhpahh;fs; ,Ug;gjhYk; mth;fspd; FLk;gj; Njitfspy; mth;fs; $lf; ftdk; nrYj;JtjhYk; etPd trjpfisAk; jk; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F nfhLf;Fk; mthtpy; mth;fs; jq;fSf;F tUkhdk; NghjhJ vd;w kdf;Fiw Vw; g LfpwJ. Mz; l tDf; F g+ir nra; t jpw; F Njitahd kdg;gf;Ftj;ij mJ ghjpf;ftpy;iyah? rpthr; r hhpahh; f Sk; Mya Kfhikj; J t mwq; fhtyh;fSk; aho; gy;fiyf;fof ,e;J ehfhPf gPlKk; kw;Wk; rka mwpQh;fSk; fy;tpkhd;fSk; Muha;eJ ; rpe;jpj;J xU KbTf;F tuNtz;Lk; vd;gNj vdJ tpUg;gKk; Ntz;LNfhSkhFk; rpthr;rhhpahh;fs; FUFyg; gapw;rpnewp %yk; jq;fs; mwpit tsh;ff ; jpl;lq;fs; jPlL ; q;fs;. me;jj; jpl;lj;jpw;F ehq;fs; vd;Wk; MjuT jUNthk;.

tpUk; g tpy; i y. tlkhfhzrigf; F mg; g bahd rl;lk; ,aw;w mjpfhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh? vd;W Ma;T nra;J> KbAkhdhy; tlkhfhz Clhf mjid Kd;ndLg;gjw;F topnra;Nthk;

Clfk;

Clfk; kf;fis ,d;W topfhl;Lk; xU Kf;fpa fUtpahfptpl;lJ. gfYk; ,uTk; njhlh; ehlfq;fis xypgug;gp VNjh vkJ rKjhaj;jpy; elg;gJ fw;gopg;Gk; nfhiyAk; vd czh;rr ; pfisf; fpsg;Gk; fhl;rpfis th;jj ; f Nehf;fj;Jld; nra;fpd;wd. vkJ ghuk;ghpaKk; gz; g hLk; fhg; g hw; w Ntz; L nkd; w hy; ,it epWj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. mjw;fhfj; jaq;fhJ Nghuhlj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpNwhk;. vkJ ,sk; rKjhaj;ij fhg;ghw;Wtjw;F ,J ,d;wpaikahjJ.

gz;ghL

vkJ gz;ghL vkJ kz;zpy; fhg;ghw;wg;glNtz;Lk;. jha;khh;fNs> ,sk;ngz;fNs kJ tpwF ; k; epiyaq;fis %l Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nghuhl;lk; elj;Jq;fs;. Nghijg; nghUl;fis ,sk; rKjhak; ghtpf;fhJ fz;Zk; fUj;Jkhfg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fspd; fztd;khh;fisAk;> gps;isfisAk; ftdpAq;fs;. ,jpy; Mrphpa rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; gq;F cz;L vd mDgtj;jpypUe;J $WfpNwd;.

,isQh;fs;

,isQh; f spd; Njitfis mjpfhuj; j py; ,Ug;gth;fSk;> ehq;fSk; epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;. ,isQh;fspd; Md;kPf mwpit Md;kPf czh;it tsh; j ; J Md; k P f g; g hijapy; <LgLj; j Ntz; L k; . rptnjhz;lh; mzpfspy; vy;NyhUk; Nrh;e;J ey;y ghijapy; Kd;NdWq;fs;.

gy;fiyf;fofk;

,k;khehl;by; vkf;F Mf;fg+h;tkhd Mjuitj; je;j gy;fiyf;foff; fy;tpkhd;fNs ,e;j khehl;ilg; Nghd; W NtWk; gy jpl; l q; f is epiwNtw; w p ifNfhh;j;J gzpahw;WfpNwhk;. etk;gh; 6, 7> 8 Mk; jpfjpfspy; gy;fiyf;fofk; elhj;Jk; rh;tNjr irt khehl;bw;F ehq;fs; vk;khyhd rfy cjtpfisAk; jUNthk;. cq;fs; gy;fiyf;fofj;Jld; Nrh;e;J khkd;wk; irtrpj;jhe;jj;jpy; bg;Nshkh gapw;rpia elj;jyhk; vd cq;fs; rpNu\;l tphpTiuahsh; jpU re;jpuNrfuk; $wpdhh;fs;. jpl;lj;ij jhUq;fs; ehq;fs; cq;fSf;F g+uz MjuT jUfpNwhk;. ,e;J ehfhPfj;Jiwapy; Vd; irt rpj;jhe;j gPlg;Nguhrphpaiu epakpf;ftpy;iy. mkuh; lhf;lh; tp];typq;fk; ,jw;F ngUk; nrhj;ijj; je;J kiwe;J tpl;lhh;. Vd; ,d;Dk; epakpf;ftpy;iy. ,yq;ifapy; nghUj; j khdth; ,y; y htpby; ,e; j pahtpypUe; J xUtiuf; nfhz;L tuyhk;. jUkGu MjPdj;ij NfSq;fs;.

%lek;gpf;iffs;

gypaply;> Nga;> gprhR vd;w gy %lek;gpfi ; ffs; vkJ kjj;jpd; ngUikf;F ,opit Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. gypaply; vkJ kjj;jpw;F Kuz;gl;lJ vd;gJ ,k;khehl;bd; mkh;Tfspy; nra;ag;gl;l Ma;Tfs; vLj;Jf;fhl;bd. ,g;gbahd %lek;gpf;iffSf;F rhTkzp mbf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. gypaply; rk;ge;jkhf vq;fSf;F ngUk;ghYk; mj;jPanray; elf;f xU rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd; jhd; njhpatUfpd;wJ. filrpNeuj;jpy; fz;ld mwpfi ; ffis tpLg;gjw;Fk;> epWj;JkhW Ntz;LNfhis tpLf;fTk; Nghjpa mtfhrk; fpilg;gjpy;iy. aho; kz;zpy; me;jf; nfhLik mLj;J elf;ftpUe;jhy; tpguq;fis Neuj;Jld; vq;fSf;F mwpaj; jhUq;fs;> cld; eltbf;if vLg;Nghk;.

,e;J mwf;fl;lisf; $l;lk;

,g; g bahd rl; l k; xd; i w epiwNtw; W tJ ey;yJ vd tlkhfhz Kjyikr;rh; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhh;. mg;gbahd efy; xd;W jpU.fdf<];tud; jiyikapy; ehq;fs; jahhpj;Njhk;. Mdhy; mij kj;jpa muRr; rl;lkhf cUthf;fg;gl nghJ kf;fs; ïªJ xË

(aho; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL epiwT epfo;tpd;NghJ> jiyik tfpj; j khkd; w j; jiyth; jpU. fe; i jah ePyfz;ld; Mw;wpa ciuapypUe;J) 30

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; rka epWtdq;fspd; flikfs; (khkd;w mDgtq;fs;) kh. fzgjpg;gps;is

jiyth;> fy;tpf;FO> mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;

mwpKfk; :

fy;tp tsh;r;rpiag; nghWj;jtiu jkpoh; kugpy;

Mq;fpNyah; fhyk; :

,th;fs; rka RthjPd nfhs;ifiaf; filg;gpbj;jdh;. ,jdhy; Nghypf; fpwp];jth;fs; vz; z pf; i f jpBnud tP o ; r ; r paile; j J. 1802 ,y; aho; g ; g hzj; j py; 1>36>000 fpwp]; j th; f s; ,Ue;jdh;. 1806 ,y; (Buchanam) cf;fdk; mth;fs; ,yq;if te;jNghJ aho;g;ghzj;jpy; Gul;l];jhe;J kjj;ijr; rhh;e;Njhh; ahUk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W Fwpg; g pl; L s; s hh; . ,f; f hyj; j py; 34 fpwp]; j t Njthyaq;fSk; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; 1814 ,y; 324 irtf;Nfhapy;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld. ,t;thW fl;lg;gl;l Nfhtpy;fspy; xU epWtdj;jd;ik fhzg;gl;ljh vd;why; “,y;iy” vd;Nw tpil fpilf;fpwJ. cah; Ntshsh; Nfhtpy;fSf;F jho;e;j rhjpapdh; Nghf Kbahikapdhy; xt; n thU rhjpapdUk; jkf; F rhjfkhd Nfhtpy;fisf; fl;bdh;. mj;Jld; fhyj;Jf;F xt;thj Nfhtpy; topghLk;> nfhz;lhl;lq;fSk;> Njtjhrp eldq;fSk; ,lk;ngw;wjhy; irt kj gf;jp ,ay;Gfs; nfhr;irg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. rpw;wpd;g nghUNs cz;ikg;nghUs; vd tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jr; re;jh;g;gj;ij ed;F gad;gLj;jpa fpwp];jth;fs;> nt]; y pad; kp\d; (1814)> mnkhpf; f kp\d; (1816)> Nrh;r; kp\d; (1818) Nghd;w jpUr;rigapdh; kjkhw; w k; nra; j dh; . mj; J ld; ghlrhiyfSk; epWtg; g l; l d. Mq; f pyf; fy; t p ngWtjw; f hf irth;fs; kjk;khwpdhh;fs;. murhq;f cj;jpNahfk; vd;w Nkhfj;jhy; Mq;fpyf; fy;tpAk; kjkhw;wKk; aho; g ; g hzj; j pNy ,f; f hyj; j py; nry; t hf; F g; ngw;wpUe;jd. ,e;j Neuj;jpy; fpwp];jt kj Kd;Ndw;wj;ijj; jLj;J muz; Nghl irth;fs; kj;jpapy; ve;jtpj jhgd mikg;GfSk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ngsj;j kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,aq;fpa gphpNtdhf;fs; Nghy my;yJ njd;dpe;jpahtpy; ,aq;fpa MjPdq;fs; Nghd;w jhgd mikg;Gf;fisf; fhz Kbatpy;iy.

Nfhtpy;fs;jhd; Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jpUe;jd. xU epWtd kag;gLj;jg;glhj tifapy; mj;jifa Kaw;rpfs; fhzg;gl;ld. ,yq;ifapy; ehad;khh;fshy; ghlg;ngw;w jpUf;NfhNz];tuk;> jpUf;NfjP];tuk; Nghd;W mUzfpupehjhpd; jpUg;Gfohy; cah;e;j fjph; f hkk; Nghd; w it $l Muk; g fhyj; j py; epWtd kag; g Lj; j g; g l; b Uf; f tpy; i y vd; g ij ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jkpoh;fs; jq;fs; tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gf;fis ,oe;jJ Nghd;W fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; rka epWtdq;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; gytw;iwAk; ,oe;jth;fshfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. rpq;fsth;fspd; kfhtk;rk;> jPg tk;rk;> #o tk;rk; Nghd;w ve;j E}y;fSNk tuyhw;W E}y;fs; my;y. Mdhy; mtw;wpYs;s gy Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,d;W tuyhw;W Mjhuj;jpw;F mbg;gilahfp tpl;lJ. ,j;jifa Kaw;rpfs; vk;kplk; Vd; mUfpapUe;jd vd;gJ gw;wp Muhag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; fhyk; :

<oj;jpd; fiuNahug; gFjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l irtf; Nfhapy;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nghh;jJ ; f;Nfah; jiukl;lk; Mf;fpdh;. fj;Njhyp;ff ; Nkyhjpf;fj;jhy; kjk; khwpNahh; jg;gpg;gpiof;f irtrkak; rhu;e;Njhh; jhk; rhg;gpl;l jl;Ltj;ijf; $l ntspNa vwpa Kbahj epiyapy; ,Ue;jdh;. irt E}y;fs;> Nfhapy;fs; gw;wpa rpe;jid jkpohplk; tsuf; $lhJ vd;gjpy; Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; kpff; ftdkhf mtjhdj; J ld; nraw; g l; l dh; . ,j;jifa neUf;fbapYk; ,bf;fg;gl;l Nfhapy;fspy; ,Ue; j flTs; cUtq; f is Ngzpg; g hJfhj; J kjk; khwhg; gz;Gld;> Ml;rpahsUf;F mlq;fhj czh;Tld; nraw;gl;l gyh; vk;ik ehkhf;fpj; je;j ngUikf;Fupath;fs; Mthh;fs;.

xy;yhe;jh; fhyk; :

rka tpopg;Gzh;T :

,th; f s; fhyj; j py; tpjpf; f g; g l; l rl; l q; f s; fhuzkhfTk;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; fhuzkhfTk; nghJ topghLfs; eilngwhJ xope;jd vd 'xy;yhe;jh; gpd; g w; w pa rkaf; n fhs; i f" vd; w fl; L iuapy; f.mUikehafk; mth;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. xy;yhe;jhpd; ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; nefpo;Tj; jd;ikia gad;gLj;jp khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkp Nfhtpy; (1782)> eapdhjPT ehfG+\zp mk;kd; Nfhtpy; (1782)> tz;izr; rptd; Nfhtpy; (1787)> ey;Y}h; fe;jRthkp Nfhtpy; (1793) Ntiyfs; Muk;gkhfpd. kl;lf;fsg;G> jpUNfhzkiy Nfhtpy;fs; tuyhWk; ngUk;ghYk; ,ijnahj;Nj mike;jpUe;jJ. ïªJ xË

ey; i y efh; MWKf ehtyh; mth; f spd; fhyj;jpy; jhd; xU ghupa irt rka vOr;rpia mtjhdpf; f yhk; . tz; z hh; g z; i zapy; ,Ue; j rka vOr; r pia ehtyh; gad; g Lj; j p khngUk; mjph; T xd; i w mq; F Vw; g Lj; j pdhh; . ehtyh; ngUkhd; nt];ypad; ghlrhiyapy; fy;tp fw;wJld; MrpupauhfTk; ,Ue;jJld; Ngh;rpty; ghjphpahUld; nfhz;bUe;j njhlh;G fhuzkhf Ntj tptpypaj;ij nkhopngah; g ; G nra; j hh; . ,e; j mDgtq; f shy; fpwp]; j t rkak; gw; w pAk; mjd; Kaw; r pfs; gw;wpAk; ed;F mwpe;jpUe;jhh;. fpwp];jth; ifahz;l Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;wp irtj;ij tsh;gg ; jw;F Kaw;rp

31

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

ghlrhiyia cUthf;fpdhh;. Mz;fspDila fy;tp mgptpUj;jpiag;Nghy ngz;fspd; fy;tp tsh;rr ; pf;fhf Nrh;. nghd;. ,uhkehjd; kUjdhh; klk; ,uhkehjd; ngz;fs; ghlrhiyia jpwe;J irt kfsph; fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;F ngUk; gq;F Mw;wpdhh;.

1916 ,y; Nfhg; g ha; Mrpupah; fyhrhiy Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J Mrpupa fy;tpf;F ghupa gq;fspg;ig ey;fpaJ. irt kWkyu;rr ; pf;Fk;> ehtyhpd; gzpfSf;Fk; mg;NghJ tlkhfhz murhq;f mjpguhf ,Ue;j Nrh;. Jitzk; vd;Wk; jilahfNt ,Ue;jhh;. ,j;jifa vy;yhj; jilKaw;rpfisAk; Kwpabj;J 1893 ,y; rp. j. K. gRgjpr; nrl;bahh; mth;fs;jhd; Nrjkile;jpUe;j jpUf;NfjP];tuj;ij GJg;gpj;jhh;. ,j;jifa nray;fs; ahTk; ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; fy;tp kWkyh;r;rpf;fhd rka epWtdq;fspd; flikahf mike;jd.

1897 ,y; Rthkp tpNtfhde; j h; jd; D ila rpf;fhf;Nfh ciuia Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L <oj;Jf;F tUif je;jik irth;fisAk; ,e;Jf;fisAk; NkYk; rkaj; j py; mf; f iw fhl; l J}z; b aJ. ehtyUf;Fg; gpd; Rd;dhfk; m. FkhuRthkpg;Gyth;> fhrpthrp nre;jpehijah;> ePhN ; typ rptrq;fug; gz;bjh;> rp. it. jhNkhjuk; g ps; i s Nghd; N whh; “,e; J rhrdk;> ,yq;if Nerd;” gj;jphpiffs; Clhf fpwp];jt kj fz;ldq;fisAk; gpurq;fq;fisAk; ntspapl;ldh;. ,J xU mzp Nrh;e;j eltbf;ifahf fhzg;gl;lJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrl;bkhhpd; gq;fspg;G irtrka kWkyh;rr ; papy; kwf;fKbahjJ. mijj; njhlh;eJ ; ,e;J Nghl; ,uh[ul;zk; mth;fsJ irt rka mf;fiwAk; fy;tp Kaw;rpfSk; ghuhl;lg;glNtz;bait. fpuhkk; vq;Fk; mur fpwp];jt ghlrhiyfSf;F vjpuhf irt ghlrhiyfs; mikg;G Kf;fpakhd eltbf;ifahFk;. mJkl; L ky; y hky; aho; g ; g hzj; J gz; b jh; f is nfhz; L te; J clg; G >Friy Mfpa tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; cs;s fpuhkq;fspYk; jkpOk; irtKk; mope;JtplhJ ghjfhj;j ngUik mtiuNa rhUk;. ,e;JNghl; ,uh[ul;zk; mth;fs; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; xU rka epWtdf; fl;likg;Gld; nraw;gl;lth; Mthh;. irt kWkyh;rr ; papy; gz;bjkzp rp. fzgjpgg ; psi ; s> Gyth;kzp nghpajk;gpg;gps;is MfpNahhpd; gq;Fk;> gzpAk;> tfpghfKk; Kf;fpak; tha;e;jJ. 20 Mk; E}w;whz;by; kpy;fi ; tl; fdfuh[h Nghd;wth;fSila irtrka vOr;rp eltbf;iffs; Jz;Lg;gpuRuq;fs; jkpOf;Fk; irtj;jpw;Fk; ngUe;njhz;lhw;wpait.

nra;jhh;. me;j mbg;gilapy; gpurq;f Kiw trd &gj;jpy; mike;j tpdhtpilfs;> ghyh; ghlk;> ,yf;fzr; RUf;fk;> trd E}y;fs;> Jz;Lg;gpuRuq;fs;> ghlrhiyfspd; rka Kiwikfs; gw;wp xU ];jhgd Kiw tsh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.

1848 fspy; gy;NtW jiyg;Gfspy; ehtyuhYk;> fhh;j;jpNfa IauhYk; nra;ag;gl;l 29 gpurq;fq;fs; fpwp];jt ghjpupfisAk;> Nghypr; irth;fisAk; vs;sp eifahbaJ. ,th;fs; NgRk; NghJ fhld;> khld;> fhl;Nlwp> fUg;gd; vd;w topghLfs; rpt topghLfs; my;y vd;Wk;> vkJ KOKjw; flTs; rptNd vd; W k; Kiwahf tpsq; f g; g Lj; j pajd; mbg;gilapy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; mj;jifa fpuhkpa nja;tq;fspd; topghLfs; mw;Wg;Nghapd. fpwp];jth;fs; Kk;%h;j;jp yl;rzk;> FUl;L top vd;w Jz;Lg; gpuRuj;jhy; mUtUg;ghd nkhopahy; irtj;ijf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. mjw;F vjpuhf irtj; J }\z ghpfhuk; > Rg; g pu Nghjk; Nghd; w kWg;Giufshy; ehtyh; fhyj;jpy; vkJ kjk; vOr;rp ngwj; njhlq; f paJ. mq; N fjhd; xU ]; j hgd Kiwapy; vkJ kjj;Jf;fhd tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;if mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

rkaf; fy;tp :

irt rkar; #oypy; fy;tp Nghjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w ,af;fk; 1842 ,y; Muk;gkhdJ. 1834 Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;jpy; 239 irtg; ghlrhiyfs; fhzg;gl;ld. mtw;wpy; gy gpd;dh; fpwp];jtg; ghlrhiyfshf khw;wg;gl;ld.

1842 ,y; itj;jpypq;fk; nrl;bahh;> Kj;JNtYr; nrl;bahh;> rpwhg;gh; FUehj Kjypahh;> ,uFehj Kjypahh; Nghd;w cah;Fohj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; xd;whff; $b 1842 Ig;grp 22 ,y; jpwf;fg;gl;l ghlrhiy Kf;fpakhdJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa irtf; fy; t p ,af; f k; MWKfehtyhpd; jP t pu mf; f iwahy; cj; N tfk; mile; j J. 1840 ,y; tz;zhh;gz;iz irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyiaj; njhlh;eJ ; ehtyuJk; mtuJ mzpapduJk; Kaw;rpahy; ,Ztpy;> fe;jh;klk;> Nfhg;gha;> GNyhypapy; jkpo; ghlrhiyfs; Njhd; w pd. ,e; j pahtpy; Fwpg; g hf rpjk; g uk; Nghd; w ,lq; f spy; irtKk; jkpOk; tP o ; r ; r paile; j pUe; j ijf; fz; L MWKfehtyh; mq;Fk; irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyia epWtpdhh;. gpwh; <depiy fz; L nghq; F k; kdj; j pddha; irth;fspd; cah;epiyf;fhf mauhJ cioj;jth; vq;fs; ehtyh; ngUkhd;. ehtyh; kiwTf; F g; gpd; fpwp]; j th; f spd; tsh; r ; r pf; F vjpuhf “ irtg; g pufhr rkh[k; ” cUthf; f g; g l; l J. “cjaghD ” gj; j phpifapd; tuthy; irtkj Nfhhpf; i ffs; tYtile; j J. 1858 ,y; irt ghpghyd rigapd; Njhw;wk; <or; irtrka tsh;r;rpapy; kw;WNkhh; iky; fy;yhf mike;jJ. irt ghpghyd rigapdh; Rd;dhfk; m.

FkhuRthkpg;Gyth;> khjfy; R. Vuk;igah;> ,d;Dk; gyiuAk; ,izj;J aho;g;ghzk;> kl;lf;fsg;G> jpUNfhzkiy> nfhOk;G Nehf;fp irtg; gpuRuq;fs; gpuRupf;fg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; ,th;fs; ,e;J rhjdk; vd;w gj;jphpifiaAk; ntspapl;ldh;.

1893 ,y; epahathjp ehfypq;fk; mth;fSk;> rp. j. K. gRgjpr; nrl;bahUk; ,e;J cah;ju ïªJ xË

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; :

,e;j mbg;gilapNyjhd; jiyefhpy; tho;e;j jkpoh; f s; If; f pag; g l; L mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd;wj;ij 1955 ,y; epWtpdh;. khkd;w j;jpd; tfpghfj;ij Nehf;fpd; irth;fsplKk;> ,e;Jf;fsplKk; xU If; f pag; g l; l xd; w pak; fhzg; g ltpy; i y. jdpj;jdpf; Nfhtpy;fs;> FOf;fs; vd;w tifapy; fhzg;gl;l epiyia khw;wp ,e;J mikg;Gf;fspd; xd; w pakhf ,e; J khkd; w k; cUg; n gWtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. fle; j mWgJ Mz; L fspy; kd; w k; fle; J te; j ghijapy; gy r%feyj; jpl; l q; f is Kd; i tj; J s; s ij ehk; mtjhdpf; f yhk; . rka

32

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

ehl;lhu; kugpy; khupak;kd; topghL

(kiyafg; gpuhe;jpaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Xu; Ma;T) khrp> gq;Fdp khjq;fspNyNa khupak;kDf;F jpUtpoh eilngWfpd;wJ. Njhl; l kf; f s; njd; d pe; j pahtpypUe; J te;j fhyk; njhlf;fk; ,d;Wtiu ,t; t opghl; b idNa jk; Kjd; i kahd topghlhff; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,t;topghlhdJ kiyafj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy; fhuzfhupa topghlhfTk; mike;Js;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Etu – vypa khtl; l j; j py; kl; L k; E} w;wpj;njhz;Zw;W VO khupak;kd; Njhl;lf; Nfhapy;fs; mike;Js;sd.

ehl;Lg;Gw topghl;by; ngz;nja;t topghL Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. ,t; t opghl; b y; jha; j ; n ja; t topghNl Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. ,t;topghl;bid Nehf; F kplj; J jha; t opr; rKjhaj; j pd; tsu;r;rp epiyiaf; fhzf;$bajhAs;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; Njhl;lg;Gwq;fis Nehf;Fkplj;J> ,t;topghlhdJ kpfTk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Njhl;lg; Gwq;fspy; ngz; nja; t topghl; b y; khupak; k d; topghNl rpwg;Gg; ngw;W tpsq;FfpwJ. kiyafj;jpd; ngUk;ghyhd Njhl;lq;fspy; Fiwe;jgl;rk; vl;L ehshtJ khupak;kd; topghL eilngWtJ tof;fkhAs;sJ. Njhl;lg;Gwf; Nfhapy;fspy;

fyhepjp (jpUkjp) Nrhjpkyu; utPe;jpud; rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;> jkpo;j;Jiw Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.

toq; f p Njitaw; w nrytP d q; f isf; Fiwj; J kdpj Neaj;Jld; Nfhtpy;fs; nraw;gl MNyhrid toq;Ffpd;wdh;.

ep;Wtdk; vd;gJ rkag; gzpfNshL epw;wy; MfhJ. khwhf r%fg; gzpfspYk; <LglNtz;Lk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; vq;Nf r%f eyNdhk;G jpl;lq;fs; Njitg;gl;ldNth mq;nfy;yhk; ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; nraw;FOtpdh; Kd;dpd;W cioj;jdh;. 1977> 1983 ,d td;nray; fhyj;jpy; ,e;J khkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; eyd; G hp epiyaq; f spy; jkpoh; f Sf; F Mw; w pa Nritfs; kpf Kf;fpakhdit. itj;jpa fyhepjp NtyhAjgps;is Nghd;Nwhh; kf;fs; eyNdhk;gypy; mf;fiwAld; khkd;w mzpNahL Nritahw;wpaik ghuhl; l g; g LfpwJ. mNjNghy Rdhkp ,aw; i f mdh;jj ; j;jpYk; khkd;wj;jpd; Nritfs; nraw;ghLfs; mf;fiwAld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. vq;Nf JaUld; kf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;fNsh mq;Nf ,dk;> kjk;> nkhop fle;J Xbr;nrd;W Nritahw;Wk; ghq;F vy;NyhuhYk; ghuhl;lg;gLfpwJ.

r%f eyf;FO :

tWikapdhy; thb epw;Fk; fpuhkq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W tWik xopg;Gf;F mf;fiwAld; eltbf;if vLf; f pd; w dh; . 2009,y; Aj; j k; Kbtile; j jd; gpd; Ky;iyj;jPT> kd;dhh;> fpspnehr;rp> tTdpah> kl;lf;fsg;G> jpUNfhzkiy Nghd;w ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mq;Fs;s ghhpa gpur;ridfis ,dq;fz;L jPhg ; g ; jw;F Kaw;rpfs; vLj;Js;sdh;. “kf;fs; NritNa kNfrd; Nrit” vd;w mbg;gilapy; mth;fs; gzp njhlh;fpwJ.

fy;tpf;FO :

jho;epiyapy; cs;s ghlrhiyfspd; fy;tp epiyapy; fy;tpf;FO mf;fiw fhl;LfpwJ. mth;fspd; gzp %d;W mbg;gilapy; Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

,e;J khkd;w jiyikr; nrayfk; :

,e;J khkd;w jiyikr; nrayfk; nfhOk;gpy; Ie; J khbf; fl; l lq; f Sld; Nrh; rpw; w k; g yk; fhh;bdh; khtj;ijapy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ. ,d;iwa ek;kth;fis ehk; Mf;Ftjw;fhf 60 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dh; kpfr; rpwe;j J}uNehf;NfhL my;Yk; gfYk; md;W njhl;L ,d;Wiu mauhJ ciof;fpd;w ,e;J khkd;w nraw;FOitg; ghuhl;lg;gl Ntz;baJ mtrpak;. ,e;J kf;fSf;F vd;W xU nrayfk; jiyefuj;jpy; jiyepkph;e;J epw;gJ xl;Lnkhj;j ,e;Jf;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j ntw;wpahFk;.

1. f.ngh.j rhjhuz juk;

f.ngh.j. rhjhuz ju khzth;fspd; irt rka mwpT kl;Lky;y Vida ghlq;fspy; gpd; jq;fpapUf;Fk; khzth;fSf;fhd fUj;juq;Ffs; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;L ey;yhrpupah;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. khzth;fspd; kd cior;ry;fs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F MNyhridAk; topfhl;ly;fSk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

2. f.ngh.j. cah;juk;

f.ngh.j. cah;ju khzth;fSf;F ,e;J ehfhpf ghlj;jpy; mfpy ,yq;if hPjpahf fUj;juq;Ffs; Kd; n dLf; f g; g Lfpd; w d. ,e; J ehfhpfk; vd; w ngWkjpkpf; f E}y; ghlj; j pl; l j; J f; F Vw; G ila tifapy; jahupf; f g; g l; L s; s J. me; j g; Gj; j fk;

rl;l MNyhrid :

Nfhtpy;fspy; gpur;ridfs; fhzg;gl;lhy; mtw;iw clDf; F ld; jP h ; j ; J itf; F k; ty; y ik ,e; J khkd;wj;jplk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. rl;l MNyhridfis ïªJ xË

33

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

Myak;> Myab Ntk;G ,e;J khkd;wk;> aho;gg ; hzj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;J khkd;w gpuhe;jpa epiyak; vd;git khkd;wj;jpd; gy;NtW gzpfspy; rpy Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;.

NkYk; <oj;J rpj;jh; Nahfh; Rthkp mth;fspd; Ik;gjhtJ Mz;L FUg+ir rpwg;G Ch;tyKk; khehLk;> ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; rpwg;G khehLfs; khkd;w Kd;dhs; jiyth;fspdJk; MSikfspdJk; epidTr; nrhw;nghopTfs;> fhyj;jpd; Njit mwpe;J khzth;fspdJk; kf;fspdJk; kdg;ghq;fpy; khw;wj;ij juf;$ba irt khehLfs; vd;gtw;iw elhj;JtJld; mnkhpf;f MjPd gpjh njhz;Lehj Rthkpfs;> ,e;jpa MjPdq;fisr; rhh;e;j rhd;Nwhh;fs; Nghd;wth;fis mioj;J nra;ag;gLk; mUSiufs;> fpspnehr;rp kfhNjth Mr;rpuk Rthkpfspd; eyNdhk;gypy; fhl;Lk; mf;fiw Nghd;wit fhyj;jpd; Njit MFk;. mJ khkd;wj;jpd; rpwg;ghd gzpfSf;F rhd;whjhukhf mike;Js;sJ. mfpy cyf hPjpahf gpugy;ak; mile;Js;s mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; gzpfs; ,q;fpyhe;J> mT];jpNuypah> epA+rpyhe;J> fdlh> ,e;jpah Nghd;w ehLfSf;Fk; vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;ntt; ehLfspy; vy;yhk; ,e;J rkak; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mq;nfy;yhk; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w gzp gw;wp mwpaitf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; fhg; g hsuhf ,Ue; J gy; N tW r%f Mj; k P f gzpfspy; <Lgl; L s; s kdpjNea khkdpjh; tp. fapyhrgps;is mth;fSf;Fk;> khkd;wj;jpd; gy;NtW gzpfs; rpwg;ghf eilngw mauhJ ciof;Fk; khkd;wj;jpd; jiyth; fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; cl;gl;l eph;thf cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;Fk;> Kfhikg; Nguit cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fk; ,t;tplj;jpy; ed;wp nrhy;YtJ mtrpakhFk;. Vnddpy; xU epWtdj;ij kdpjNea epWtdkhf Mf;fp me;epWtdj;jhy; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; thoitf; f pd; w Kaw; r p msg; g hpa nraw;ghlhFk;. vjph;fhy ,yq;ifapy; ,e;Jf;fspd; ,Ug; G f; f hd gyKs; s mj; j pthukhf ,e; J khkd;wj;jpd; fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfs; mike;Js;sJ vd;gij jq;fs; Nkyhd ftdj;jpw;F nfhz; L tUfpNwd;.

fpof; F g; gy; f iyf; f ofj; j pd; ghlg; G j; j fkhf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;Gj;jfj;ij ,e;Jehfupf ghlj;Jiw Mrpupah;fs;> khzth;fs;> tpupTiuahsh;fs; ghuhl;Lfpwhh;fs;. ,g;gzpia nrt;itahf Nkw;nfhz;l ,e;J khkd;w fy;tpf;FOr; nrayhsu; j. kNdhfud; ghuhl;Lf;Fupath;.

3. Mrpupah; fy;tp

,e;J rka ghl Mrpupah;fSf;fhd fy;tp;f; fUj; j uq; F fis Vw; g Lj; j p Mrpupah; f Sf; f hd fw; g pj; j y; MNyhridfs; toq; f g; g LfpwJ. rkaghlf; fw;gpj;jypy; fhzg;gLfpd;w FiwghLfs; Muhag;gl;L Mrpupah;fSf;F rpwg;ghd topfhl;ly;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ehL gue;j hPjpahf irtKk; ,e; J ehfhpfKk; fw; g pf; f f; $bath; f Sf; F ,f;fUj;juq;Ffis xOq;FgLj;Jtjpy; mf;fiw cld; cs;sdh;. mj;Jld; f.ngh.j cah;juj;jpy; ,e;J rkak; vd;w ghlj;jpw;F chpa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; xU E}iy cUthf;Ftjw;F rfy eltbf;iffSk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khzth;fSf;F ghlj;jpl;lj;ij Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; toq;fpaNghJk; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Vw;Gila E}y;fs; fhzg;gltpy;iy vd;gij mtjhdpj;J J}uNehf;Fld; ,e;E}y;fis ntspapl;L itg;gjhdJ fy;tp tsh;r;rp;apy; rka epWtdq;fspd; mj;jpahtrpa NjitahFk;. mj;NjhL ,d;W khzth;fs; gy;NtW ftdf; fiyg;ghd;fshy; rpjWz;L fplf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fis mth;fSila ghlrhiyfSf;F nrd;W rka ghl fUj;juq;Ffspd; Clhf ed;ndwpg;gLj;JtJk; rka epWtdq;fspd; Njit MFk; . mijr; nrt; t Nd nra; t jw; F mauhJ KaYk; ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; gzpAk; ghq;Fk; ghuhl;lg;glNtz;bait.

E}y;fs; :

,e;J kf;fSf;fhd xU ifNaL> fl;Liur; rpwg;G kyh;> rpttopghl;L kyh;> nghd;tpoh kyh;> ,e;J ehfupfk;> rptj;jkpo; nry;tp jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b> ,e;J xspr; rQ;rpif Mfpatw;Wld; kpfr; rpwg;ghd E}y;fs; vdf; fUjpa tlkhfhz Kjyikr;rh; khz;GkpF rp. tp. tpf;Nd];tud; mth;fspd; E} y;> tpOkpaf; fUj;Jf;fis ek; ehl;by; nrhy;ypf; nfhz; L ,Uf; f f; $ ba NrhkRe; j uk; Iahtpd; irtew; r pe; j idf; fsQ; r pak; kw; W k; tuyhw; W rk;gtq;fis rpwg;ghf MuhAk; jpU. jpUr;nry;tk; mth;fspd; E}y;> mj;Jld; vkJ Kiwahd gQ;r Guhz XjYf;Fk; Vida khkd;w nra;jpfSld; jukhd fl;Liufis jhq;fptUk; Mq;fpyj;jhy; Md A Compendium for Hindus vd;w E}y; cynfyhk; thOk; vk; Gyk; ngah; e ; j th; f is mbg; g il Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jifa Kaw;rpfs; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; rka epWtdq;fspd; mj;jpahtrpaf; flikahFk; vd;gij ed;Fzh;e;J ,e;J khkd;wk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

crhj;Jiz E}y;fs; :

1. mUik ehafk;. f. “,yq;ifapy; xy;yhe;jh; gpd;gw;wpa rkaf; nfhs;if” rpe;jid kyh; 1 ,jo; 1 2. MWKf ehtyh;. 1955 “gpuge;jj;jpul;L” ifyhrgps;is gjpg;G. nrd;id 3. nfsupfhe;jd;. K (2014) “tuyhw;Wr; rpe;jid jlk;” Fkud; gjpg;gfk; nfhOk;G-6 4. jdQ;rauhrrpq;fk;. r. (1969) “ehtyh; gzpfs;” ehtyh; rptd;Nfhtpy; gjpg;G nrd;id 5. kNdfud;. j. (2007) “,e;J ehfhpfk;” gjpg;G. Adp Ml;]; epWtfk; nfhOk;G 13 6. Old Ceylon Hindu Congress (2015) ‘A Compendium for Hindus’ Unie Arts Ltd – Colombo – 13.

Mj;kPfr; Nrit :

ehl; b d; gy; N tW ,lq; f spy; ,lk; n gWk; epfo; T fSf; F kl; L ky; y kd; d hh; khtl; l j; j py; mikf;fg;gl;l Qhdituth; Myak;> fPhpkiyapy; mikf; f g; g l; L s; s Gdpj ahj; j phpfh; f s; tpLjp> kl;lf;fsg;G tyaf; fy;tpg; gzpkid tpehafh; ïªJ xË

(khkd;wj;jpd; mWgjhtJ Mz;L epiwitnahl;b fle;j [_iy 31 Mk; jpfjp Kjy; Mf];l; 2 Mk; jpfjptiu aho; g ; g hzj; j py; ele; j ,e; J Muha; r ; r p khehl; b d; rkfhy mkh;tpd;NghJ rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l Ma;Tf;fl;Liu) 34

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;wj;jpd; mDjhgk; mku® R. bgh. eluh#h ïQÉš m©zh bjhÊyf¤â‹ mâgU«, r_f nritahsUkhd âU. R. bgh. eluh#h mt®fsJ kiwitÆ£L m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« Mœªj tU¤jkil»‹wJ. ït® cŸq® c‰g¤â Clhf bjhÊš trâfis V‰gL¤â, mj‹_y« Vuhskhd ïisP®, ítâfS¡F ntiythŒ¥ò¡fis tH§»aj‹ _y«, r_f¤âš M‰¿a g bgÇJ« ngh‰Wj‰FÇaJ. ïj‰F« nkyhf M‹Ûf rka¥g‰WŸstuhf¤ âfœªjJl‹, njh¤âu¥ ghlšfŸ, rka j¤Jt§fŸ ngh‹witfŸ ml§»a áW ãuRu§fis btËÆ£L ïytrkhf tH§»aj‹ _y« ïªJ k¡fŸ bgU« ga‹bgW« tifÆš cjÉ tªJŸsh®. mku® eluh#h m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤Jl‹ beU§»a bjhl®òfis¡ bfh©oUªjt®. m‹dhÇ‹ kiwÉdhš JaU‰¿U¡F« FL«g¤âdU¡F khk‹w« Mœªj mDjhg§fis¤ bjÇɤJ¡bfhŸtJl‹, M¤kh rhªâailaî« ïiwtid¥ ãuh®¤â¡»‹wJ.

mku® fdfehaf« r©Kfehaf« ãugy M‹Ûf¤ bjh©lU«, r_f¥ gÂahsUkhd âU. fdfehaf« r©Kfehj‹ mt®fsJ kiwitÆ£L m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« Mœªj tU¤jkil»‹wJ. tH¡f¿Puhf¥ gÂah‰¿a ït®, ã‹dhËš gy rka ÃWtd§fSl‹ ïizªJ bgU«gÂah‰¿ÆU¡»wh®. ghuj¤âÈUªJ gy M‹Ûf m¿P® bgUk¡fis ïy§if¡F miH¤J tªJ, mj‹ Clhf¥ gyU« ga‹bgW« tifÆš ït® nk‰bfh©l bra‰ghL bgÇJ« ngh‰w¤j¡fJ. ït® m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w¤Jl‹ beU§»a bjhl®òfis¡ bfh©oUªjJl‹ gytifÆY« cjÉtªJŸsh®. m‹dhÇ‹ kiwÉdhš JauilªJŸs FL«g¤âdU¡F khk‹w« Mœªj mDjhg§fis¤ bjÇɤJ¡bfhŸtJl‹, M¤kh rhªâailaî« ïiwtid¥ ãuh®¤â¡»‹wJ.

khkd;wr; nra;jp

khk‹w¥ bghJ¢ brayhs® fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹, khk‹w cg jiytU«, r_fey‹ FG¤ jiytUkhd Éil¡bfho¢ bršt® á‹d¤Jiu jdghyh, khk‹w cgjiytU«, ahœ ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya bfsut ïa¡FeUkhd brŠbrh‰bršt® fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ c£gl gy® nk‰go ÃfœÉš fyªJbfh©L áw¥ã¤âUªjd®.

khk‹w¤âš elªj _‹W üšfË‹ btËpL

MáÇa® F. ghyR¥ãukÂa« mt®fË‹ 25 M« M©L áuh®¤j âd Ãfœî«, ïtuJ Ãidthf _‹W üšfË‹ btËpL« flªj MfÞ£ khj« 30 M« âfâa‹W khk‹w¤ jiyikaf¥ ãuh®¤jid k©lg¤âš eilbg‰wJ. khk‹w¤â‹ mDruizíl‹ ïl«bg‰w ïªj Ãfœî¡F khk‹w¤ jiyt® âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ jiyik jh§»dh®.

MáÇa® mku® F. ghyR¥ãukÂa« mt®fË‹ òjšt®fshd át$ ghy. trªj¡FU¡fŸ (y©l‹) vGâa "ïªJ¥ g©gh£L kuãš ãâu® tÊghL" v‹w üY«, át$ ghy. ïªâu¡FU¡fŸ (mîÞânuÈah) vGâa "j¤Jt áªjid kuãš irtá¤jhªj« TW« M‹kh", "knfh‰rt »Çah j¤Jt És¡f«" M»a üšfS« ÃfœÉ‹nghJ btËÆl¥g£ld. át$ ghy. ïªâu¡FU¡fŸ K‹d® khk‹w¤âš â£l Älš mYtyuhf¥ gÂòǪjt® v‹gJ F¿¥ãl¤j¡fJ.

jUkòu« MÔd FUKjštU¡F bfhG«ãš tunt‰ògrhu« m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« mWgjhtJ M©L Ãiwitbah£o ahœ¥ghz¤âš el¤âa ïªJ MuhŒ¢á khehL ÃfœÉš fyªJbfhŸtj‰fhf tUif jªâUªj jUkòu« MÔd FUKjšt® $k¤ bksd FkhuRthÄ j«ãuh‹ RthÄfŸ mt®fS¡F, flªj MfÞ£ khj« 4 M« âfâa‹W khiy bfhG«ò, g«gy¥ã£o ruÞtâ k©lg¤âš tunt‰ògrhu« mË¡f¥g£lJ. bfhG«ò ïªJ ɤâahÉU¤â¢ r§f«, bfhG«ò ïªJ kfË® k‹w«, bfhG«ò Éntfhdªj rig k‰W« ïªj ÃWtd§fSl‹ ïizªJ, m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« V‰ghL brŒâUªj nk‰go tunt‰ògrhu«, khk‹w¤ jiyt® âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ jiyikÆš ïl«bg‰wJ.

ÑÇkiyÆš Ú¤jh® Ãidî Ãfœî

khk‹w¤â‹ V‰gh£oš Mo mkhthir âdkhd flªj MfÞ£ khj« 14 M« âfâa‹W ÑÇkiyÆš Ú¤jh® Ãidî Ãfœî ïl«bg‰wJ. ïªJ xË

35

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

<oj;J ghlrhiyf; fy;tp Kiwapy; jw;NghJ irtrka ghlk; fw;gpf;Fk; Mrpupau;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ,lu;fs;. <oj;jpy; thOk; ek; irtj;jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ rkaj;ijr; rupahfg; gpd;gw;w jk; rpwhu;fshd vjpu;fhyr; re;jjpapdUf;Fr; rupahd topfhl;ly;fis tPl;by; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjidj; njhlu;e;J ghlrhiyapy; irtrka ghlk; fw;wYld; rka tho;it thof;$ba #o;epiyfis Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; xOf;f tpOkpaKs;s ey;y gpui[fshf ,tu;fis Mf;fKbAk;. ,e;epiyapy; jw;Nghija fhyj;jpy; gy gpur;rpidfSk; ,ilA+WfSk; te;Jtpl;ld. tPl;by; irtrka mDl;lhd tho;f;if tho

gy ,ilA+Wfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ghlrhiy apYk; irtrka ghlj;jpD}lhf rka tpOkpaq;fis tpijf;f gy jilfs; cs;sd.

Vida rka ghlrhiyfs; jj;jk; rkaq;fSf;Nf Kd;Dupik toq;Fk; NghJ irtrkak; fw;gpf;Fk; ghlrhiyfspy; ,jw;fhd VJf;fs; njhlu;r;rpahff; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd.

jpU. gh. jdghyd;

cggPlhjpgjp> epjpepu;thfk;. aho;. Njrpaf; fy;tpapaw; fy;Y}up ,uhr tPjp> Nfhg;gha;

aho;g;ghzj;jpy; khkd;wj;jpd; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk;> mWgjhtJ Mz;L

mioj;J tug;gl;ldh;. Ch;tyk; Jh;f;fh kzpkz;lgj;ij te;jile;jJk; khkd;w mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; kdpjNeakhkzp tp.fapyhrgps; i s jk; g jpapdUk; > khkd; w gpujpj; jiyth; jpU.kh.jtNahfuh[h jk;gjpapdUk; kq;fs tpsf;Nfw;wp itj;jdh;. khkd;w cg jiyth; tpilf;nfhbr;nry;th; rpd;dj;Jiu jdghyh ee;jpf;nfhbia Vw;wpitj;jhh;. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah eP y fz; l d; jiyikapy; epfo; r ; r pfs; Muk; g khfpd.

Nguhrphpah; m.rz;Kfjh]; tuNtw;GiuiaAk;> khehl;bd; Nehf;fk; njhlh;ghd mwpKfTiuiaAk; epfo;j;jpdhh;.

MrpAiufs; tho; j ; J iufisj; njhlh; e ; J khkd; w Md; k P f ,johd “,e; J xsp” khehl; L rpwg; G ,jo; ntspaP L ,lk; n gw; w J. aho; ,e; J f; fy; Y }hp mjpgh; jpU.I.jahde;juh[h ntspaPl;Liu epfo;j;jpdhh;. gpujk tpUe; j pdhpd; ciuiaj; njhlh; e ; J aho; gy;fiyf;fof jifrhh; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpah; m.rz;Kfjh]; mth; f Sk; > khkd; w cgjiytUk; khkd; w ,e; J Muha;rr; p epiya nfsut ,af;FeUkhd nrQ;nrhw;nry;th; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; mth;fSk; rpwg;Gr; nrhw;nghopthw;wpdhh;fs;. khkd;w nghJr; nrayhsh; jpU. Kj;ijah fjph;fhkehjd; toq;fpa ed;wpAiuAld; Muk;gehs; epfo;Tfs; epiwtile;jd. ,uz;lhk; ehshd Mf];l; Kjyhk; jpfjp fhiyAk;> khiyAk;> %d;whk; ehshd Mf];l; 2 Mk; jpfjp fhiyAk; %d;W kz;lgq;fspy; rkfhy mkh;Tfs; ,lk;ngw;wd.

epiwitnahl; b Vw; g hL nra; j pUe; j ,e; J Muha; r ; r p khehL %d;W ehs; ngUtpohthf> fle;j [_iy 31 Mk; jpfjp Kjy; Mf];l; 2 Mk; jpfjptiu aho; ey;Y}h; = Jh;f;fhNjtp kzpkz;lgj;jpy; rpwg;ghf ele;NjwpaJ. ‘<oj;J ,e;J kjj;jpd; tuyhw;W tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;F’ vd;w njhdpg;nghUspy; Muha;r;rp khehL ,lk;ngw;wJ. Muk;g epfo;T Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfh; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; muq;fpy; [_iy 31 Mk; jpfjp khiy 3.00 kzpastpy; khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikapy; Muk;gkhfp eilngw;wJ. ,e;jpahtpypUe;J tUifje;jpUe;j jUkGu MjPd FUKjy;th; =kj; nksd FkhuRthkpj; jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs;> ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhrhhpa Rthkpfs;> ,Ztpy; jh; k rh]; j h FUFy Kjy; t h; rpt= jhD. kfhNjtf; FUf;fs;> irtf;FUkhh; xd;wpa Kjy;th; rpt= rjh.kfhypq;frptf; FUf;fs;> ey;Y}h; rpd;kah kp\d; tjptpl Mrhhpahh; gpuk;kr;rhhp [hf;uj irjd;a Rthkpfs; MfpNahh; fye; J nfhz; L MrpAiufis toq;fpapUe;jdh;. epfo; t pd; N ghJ tlkhfhz Kjyikr; r h; rj; j pa tpj;jfh; f.tp.tpf;Nd];tud; gpujk tpUe;jpduhff; fye;J nfhz;lhh;. epfo;r;rpfs; Muk;gkhtjw;F Kd;gjhf khkd;w aho; gzpkidapypUe;J gpuKfh;fs; kw;Wk; epfo;tpy; fye;J nfhs; s tUif je; j th; f s; midtUk; Ch; t ykhf ïªJ xË

36

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

khkd;w ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehl;by; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l Xh; Muha;r;rpf; fl;LiuapypUe;J.....

,yq;ifapy; FUFyf; fy;tp - xU Nehf;F ,f;fhyj;jpNy tl nkhopawptpy;yhj jkpowpTil NahH $w; W f; f is tpj; J thd; f s; mq; f P f upg; g J FiwthdjhYk; > jkpopNy epuk;gpa Gyik Ntz;bd; tlnkhopf; fy;tpawpT mtrpak; vd GytHfs; ed;F czHe;jpUe;jjhYk;> jf;f ghz;bj;jpaKila FUtplk; tud;Kiwahfj; jkpo; fw;w gyH jkJ jkpo; mwpitr; nrOikg; g Lj; j tlnkhop fy; t piaAk; fw; w dH. ,t; t hW fw;w jkpowpQHfspd; MSikapy; tlnkhopf; fy; t p gykhd xU gpd; d zpahf ,Ue; J te;Js;sJ. cyfk; KOf;f FUFyf; fy;tpKiwNa neLq;fhyk; fy;tpf;fhd cfe;j topKiwahf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. fPioehLfspy; Fwpg;ghf

fPio Md;kf P mikg;Gfspy; FUFyf;fy;tp mjd; cr;repiyNehf;fp vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. khjh> gpjh> FU> nja;tk; vd;W tFf;Fk; ,e; j pa kuG nja; t j; J f; F Kjw; g bapy; FUitNa itf;fpwJ. mjhtJ khDlupy; caHe;jtH FUNt. FUNt gpuk;kh> FUNt tp\;Z> FUNt kfhNjtd; vd;w gpugykhd ke; j puk; FUit ‘ Mf; f pf; f hj; j opf; F k; ’ Kj; n ja; t q; f Sk; xd; w hdtd; vd; f pwJ. ,jw; F ,izahd Kf; f paj; J tk; n[d; kugpYk; ,Ug; g ijf; fhzyhk; . ehkwpe; j ngUk;ghyhd n[d; fijfs; FUrPl cwT Fwpj;jitNa.

rpt= f. itj;jP];tuf; FUf;fs; jiytH> ,e;J FUkhH mikg;G nfhOk;G

cjtp cah; ];jhdpfh; khz;GkpF M.eluh[d;> aho; gy;fiyf;fof cgNte;jh; Nguhrphpah; tre;jp murul;zk; MfpNahh; rpwg;G tpUe;jpdh;fshfTk; fye;J nfhz;L ciuahw; w papUe; j hh; f s; . jUkGu MjP d FUKjy; t h; =kj; nksd FkhuRthkp jk; g puhd; Rthkpfs; rpwg;Giuahw;wpdhh;. ,e; j epfo; t py; khkd; w j; j pd; ntspaP l hd jpU.it.NrhkNrfud; mth;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;l <oj;J Myaq; f s; (aho; . khtl; l j; jpUj; j yq; f s; - ghfk; 1)> mr; R Ntyp rpt= FkhuRthkp FUf; f s; Mf; f pa kNfhw;rt tpsf;fk;- (kWgjpg;G) Mfpa E}y;fs; ntspapl;L itf;fg;gl;ld. <oj;J Myaq;fs; E}ypd; ntspalP L ; iuia Nguhrphpah; ,.FkhutbNty; mth; f Sk; > kNfhw; r t tpsf; f k; E}ypd; ntspaP l ; L iuia Nfhg; g ha; Njrpa fy;tpaw; fy;Y}hp gPlhjpgjp jpU.r.mkph;jypq;fk; mth;fSk; epfo;j;jpdhh;fs;. ,e; j epfo; t pd; N ghJ khkd; w j; j pd; mWgJ Mz; L epiwitnahl; b ,Ztpy; jh; k rh]; j h FUFy Kjy; t h; rpt= jhD.kfhNjtf; FUf; f s; > fpspnehr;rp kfhNjt Mr;rpuk Kjy;th; = fNzrhde;j kfhNjt Rthkpfs; MfpNahh; khkd; w j; j pdhy; gl;lkspj;J nfsutpf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J nrQ; n rhw; n ry; t h; fyhepjp MW.jpUKUfd; mth; f s; toq;fpa epiwTiuAld; khkd;wj;jpd; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL epfo;Tfs; epiwTngw;wd.

,jd;NghJ gy;fiyf;fofk;> Mrphpa fyhrhiy> fy;tpaw; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; gpugy fy;Y}hpfisr; Nrh;ej ; Nguhrphpah;fs;> tphpTiuahsh; f s; > Mrphpah; f s; MfpNahh; Ma; T f; fl;Liufisr; rkh;gpj;J ciuahw;wpdhh;fs;. ,uz;lhk; ehs; (01.08.2015)khiy 5.00kzpKjy; rpwg;G mkh;T kd;dhh; khtl;l ,e;J Myaq;fspd; xd;wpa jiyth; itj;jpafyhepjp K.fjph;fhkehjd; jiyikapy; rjhtjhdp eh.fjpuNtw;gps;is muq;fpy; eilngw;wJ. ,e;epfo;tpd;NghJ jUkGu MjPd Kjy;th; =kj; nksd FkhuRthkp jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs; mth;fSk;> ,yq;if fk;gd; fofj;ijr; Nrh;ej; fyhepjp =.gpurhe;jd; mth;fSk; rpwg;Gr; nrhw;nghopthw;wpdhh;fs;. khkd; w j; j pd; ,e; J Muha; r ; r p khehL epiwT epfo;T %d;whk; ehshd Mf];l; 2 Mk; jpfjp khiy 3.00 kzpastpy; =y= MWKfehtyh; muq;fpy;> khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU.fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; jiyikapy; Muk;gkhfp eilngw;wJ. Nfhg;gha; Mrphpa fyhrhiy mjpgh; jpU.tP.fUzypq;fk; epfo;j;jpa tuNtw;Giuiaj; njhlh; e ; J > ,uhkfpU\; z kp\d; jiyth; Rthkp rh; t &ghde; j h[p kfuh[; > ,e; J f; FUkhh; xd; w paj; jiyth; rpt= g.kNdhfuf; FUf;fs; MfpNahh; MrpAiu toq;fpdhh;fs;. ,e;j epfo;tpd;NghJ kPs;FbNaw;wk;> Gdh;tho;T kw;Wk; ,e;J fyhrhu mikr;rh; khz;GkpF Nj.k.Rthkpehjd; gpujk tpUe;jpduhfTk;> aho; ,e;jpa ïªJ xË

37

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

fPhpkiyapy; ePj;jhh; epidT jpdk; (14.08.2015) fPhpkiy rptG+kp klj;jpy; Mb mkhthir md;W ePj;jhh; jpdk; mDl;bf;fg;gl;lJ. ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th;> khkd;w cg jiyth;fshd fyhepjp MW. jpUKUfd;> tpilnfhbr;nry;th; rpd;dj;Jiu jdghyh> nghJr; nrayhsh; jpU. Kj;ijah fjph;fhkehjd; MfpNahUk; gq;Fgw;wpdh;.

mkuh; nry;tuj;jpdk; mth;fSf;F mQ;ryp

,uj;kyhid nry;th ,y;yj;jpy; 09.08.2015 md;W mkuh; nry;tuj;jpdk; mth;fsJ kiwTf;F mQ;ryp epfo;T eilngw;wJ. me;epfo;tpy; jpUkjp uhzp nry;tuj;jpdk; kw;Wk; md;dhuJ FLk;g mq;fj;jth;fSk; fye;Jnfhz;ldh;. khkd;w ek;gpf;ifg;nghWg;ghsh; rigj;jiyth; ,iwrpNuhuj;jpdk; jpU tp. fapyhrgps;is> khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. f.ePyfz;ld;> gpujpj; jiyth; jpU. kh. jtNahfuh[h> nghJr; nrayhsh; jpU. Kj;ijah fjph;fhkehjd;> nghUshsh; jpU Nt. fe;jrhkp> tpLjpfs; FOj; jiytp jpUkjp m. fapyhrgps;is MfpNahUk; epfo;tpd; NghJ fye;Jnfhz;ldh;. ïªJ xË

38

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

mnkhpff ; h rpff ; hf;Nfhtpy; Saivite Tamil Foundation elj;jpa gj;jhz;L epiwT Md;kf P Kfhkpy; Md;kf P r; Rlh; hp\p njhz;Lehjd; RthkpfSk; mjpy; gq;Fgw;wpath;fSk;

khkd;wj;jpy; eilngw;w Mrphpah; F. ghyRg;gpukzpak; mth;fspd; 25Mk; Mz;L rpuhh;jj ; jpd epfo;Tk; %d;W E}y;fspd; ntspaL P k; - 30.08.2015

ïªJ xË

39

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

mU£fÉ mku® Ó. Éehá¤j«ã K‹dtnd ahœ¥ghz ef®eš ÿÇš KâajÄœ ntnyªâ 剿U¡F« k‹dtnd fªj¥gh kÆÈš V¿ ty«tŸË ïl«bjŒt ahidnahL, ã‹dÄyh moahÇ‹ FiwfŸ Ô®¡f¥ ãufhr âdfudhŒ¡ fh£áešF« m‹dgÇ óuÂÆ‹ kfnd v§fŸ mšybyyh« Ô®¡fkd Äu§Fthna. v¤jidnah k¡fŸthœ Él§fË‹¿ v¤jidnah k¡fŸcz ntJÄ‹¿¥ ã¤jid¥nghš tâÉlÄš yhJthG« bg‰¿Æid¡ fªjhÚ m¿»yhnah, g¤âíl‹ IahË òfiH¥ gho¥ giftWik Æšyhj thœîfhz, c¤jkuhŒ¢ rkhjhd ey« áw¡f X« KUfh ÚfUiz brŒthŒ ngh‰¿ k‰wt®¡F¤ JaÇiH¡fh Úâthœî« kJfsî bghŒNJ fUjhbeŠR« bg‰wtiu¥ bgÇnahiu¥ ngQ« g©ò« ngRkiw ahfk¤ij kâ¡F« ngh¡F« f‰w tÇ‹ bjËîiufŸ czU« neh¡F« fha«kd« th¡»dhš jUk« ngQ« e‰wt¤âš Ëdoia¥ ão¡F« ngW« ešÿlj fªjhÚ mUŸthŒ ngh‰¿

(e‹¿: ešiy¡Fku‹ ky® - 2003)

ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

ešÿlj fªjh mUŸthŒ

ïªj¢ RlÇš... ñ

ñ

Md;kPfr;Rlhpd; mUs;kly;

3

,e;J kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia tsk;gLj;Jtjpy; njhlh;e;Jk; khkd;wj;jpd; gazk; mikaNtz;Lk; 4 - (rj;jpatpj;jfh; f. tp. tpf;fpNd];tud; ciu) ñ

ey;Yhhpd; ngUikAk; ey;Yhuhd; kfpikAk;

9

ñ âUtU£bghÈî Ä¡f ešÿ® fªjRthÄ nfhÉš

10

ñ jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil nrhy;Yk; MWgiltPL rpwg;Gfs;

13

ñ myq;fhuf; fe;jdhfg; Nghw;wg;gLk; ey;iyf; Fkud;

14

ñ

ñ

ñ

ešiy¡ fªj‹ âUñŠrš

15

nfskhu topghl;L kugpy; KUff; flTspd; tbtq;fSk; ehkq;fSk;

16

ey;iyf; fe;jid te;jid nra;Nthk;

21

ñ nahf® RthÄfŸ g¡f«; - ešiy¡ fªj‹ njuoÆš Phd cgnjr« bg‰w nahf® RthÄfŸ 22 ñ

ñ

ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈÈ

ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈ ÈÈÈÈÈÈ

ïªJ xË

1

ñ

mUz»Çehj® mUËa ešÿ® fªj‹ âU¥òfœ ó¤jh® NL§ bfh¤jy® FHÈa®

gh®¤jhš ntY§ f£fK kj‹ÉL

ngh®¡fh® ÚL§ f£ru bkhLek‹ ÉLöJ« ngh‰whŒ ehS§ if¥bghU Silat®

nk‰wh sh®j« g‰¿L ¥uikaJ

ó£lh kha§ f‰wik ÉÊÆd® mKöwš thŒ¤jh® ngjŠ br¥òbghŒ Éu»a®

neh‰nw üÈ‹ ቿil Æilgil

th£lhŒ åR§ f®¥òu «Ufkj« m»yhU« kh¥ó zhu§ f¢r KiyÆd®

nt£ó zhf§ bf£ld DdJbkŒ

th¡fhš Phd« bg‰¿Å tÊgl mUshnah M¤jhŸ khšj§ if¢áf Åifíik

T¤jh lhdª j¢áit âÇòiu

ah£ngŒ ójŠ R‰¿a gÆuÉ òtndir M¡fh ahî« g‰¿ba âÇòw

neh¡fh VJŠ br‰wtŸ âUÉis

ah£lh är‹ g¡fk JiwgtŸ bgWnrna V¤jh ehSª j®¥gz brgbkhL

Ú¤jh® Phd« g‰¿a FUgu

ah¥gh uhíŠ brh‰wÄ HUŸjU KUnfhnd V‰ngh® jh«tª â¢irÆ‹ k»œbthL

thŒ¥ghŒ åR« bgh‰¥guig beLkâŸ

ahœ¥gh zha‹ g£od kUÉa bgUkhns!

gŠr òuhz§fŸ

ñ

fªjòuhz« njh‹¿a tuyhW

23

ehty® g¡f« - irt tuyhw;wpy; jdJ ,Ug;ig epiyepWj;jpa ey;iy efh; ehtyh; 24

,iwgzp epw;Fk; ,e;J kf;fspd; cr;r epWtdk; 26

ñ

fy;tp tsh;r;rpapy; rka epWtdq;fspd; flikfs; 31

ñ

khkd;wj;jpd; mDjhgk;{khkd;wr; nra;jp

ñ

aho;g;ghzj;jpy; khkd;wj;jpd; ,e;J Muha;r;rp khehL 36

ñ

ešÿlj fªjh mUŸthŒ{ešÿ® âU¥òfœ

35

40

ey;Y}hpd; ngUkhNd Nghw;wp! ty;yhhpd; ty;yhdha; tbNt yhAs; tskhf;fp aha;ey;y tw;wh T+w;wha; vy;yhhpd; cs;sj;Jk; vd;Wk; epd;Nw

,ay;ghf ,dpf;fpd;w ,d;g khfp ,y;yhhpd; cs;shhpd; ,d;dy; ahTk;

,y;yhkw; nra;fpd;w vopyhh; Jha ey;Y}hpd; ngUkhNd ehSk; ek;ik

ed;whff; fhf;fpd;w ehNj Nghw;wp! tp.fe;jtdk; 40

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

th\pq;ld; KUfd; Myaj;jpy; ey;Y}h; fe;jd; Njh;j;jpUtpoh

nfhOk;G nfhk;gdpj;njU rptRg;gpukzpa Rthkp Mya kNfhw;rt epfo;T- 2015

ïªJ xË

41

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ

ïªJ xË

42

k‹kj tUl« Mt - òu£lhâ