HealthCare Middle East & Africa - Issue 7

HealthCare DLE EAST & AFRICA

MEDICAL & DENTAL CONSULTANTS ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA

lluminating MDCAN’s role and transformative journey in uplifting Nigeria’s healthcare standards

DR. AABID AHMED

Chief Executive Officer, Bomu Hospital

DR. PIUS AKIVAGA

KIGAMWA

Medical doctor, psychiatrist and senior lecturer

COUNTRY FOCUS: South Africa

DISEASE FOCUS: Cardiovascular diseases

DR. AABID AHMED - Chief Executive Officer, Bomu Hospital

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ASSOCIATION FOCUS: MEDICAL AND DENTAL CONSULTANTS ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA. (MDCAN)

Illuminating MDCAN's role and transformative journey in uplifting Nigeria’s healthcare standards

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COUNTRY FOCUS: SOUTH AFRICA

Journeying through South Africa’s healthcare landscape: Triumphs, challenges, and the path to an equitable future

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EXECUTIVE INTERVIEW: DR. PIUS

AKIVAGA KIGAMWA

medical doctor, psychiatrist, and senior lecturer at the University of Nairobi's School of Medicine.

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DISEASE FOCUS: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Unraveling the mystery of Cardiovascular Disease and empowering a global fight for health

HealthCare

MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

Year 2 | Issue No.7 | July - August

FOUNDER & PUBLISHER

Francis Juma

SENIOR EDITOR

Benjamin Opuko

EDITORS

Lorraine A. Wangui | Jackie Mbithe |

Peter Ngige

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR

Virginia Nyoro

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATE

Elly Okutoyi

HEAD OF DESIGN

Clare Ngode

DESIGN

Yvonne Njambi

CINEMATOGRAPHER

Newton Lemein

ACCOUNTS

Jonah Sambai

PUBLISHED BY: FW Africa

P.O. Box 1874-00621, Nairobi Kenya

Tel: +254 20 8155022, +254725 343932

Email: info@fwafrica.net

Company Website: www.fwafrica.net

Africa’s Cardiovascular burden: Amplifying the silent cry for attention

In the vibrant mosaic of Africa's diverse cultures and breathtaking landscapes, an urgent yet subtle rhythm resonates—an alarming surge in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As we dive into the core of this issue, a stark reality emerges: between 50% and 88% of deaths in multiple African nations are attributed to noncommunicable diseases, an unsettling revelation from the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) Noncommunicable Disease Progress Monitor. Amidst this urgent narrative, a concerning truth stands out—the global research community has largely failed to cast its spotlight on this critical matter.

This unsettling chorus of suffering isn't confined to affluent nations alone; Africa, too, bears the weight of these diseases' growing impact, often overshadowed by global research priorities. Nevertheless, a united front is now emerging, driven by an unswerving commitment to recenter the conversation on cardiovascular medicine's African perspective.

The scarcity of data doesn't just deprive the continent of vital insights tailored to specific diseases and populations—it also severely stunts progress in clinical outcomes. This data scarcity echoes beyond Africa's borders, dimming the prospects of cardiology research worldwide. Neglecting the vast potential of diverse, treatmentnaive African populations means foregoing groundbreaking discoveries with the potential to reshape medical understanding.

straits.

The journey is undeniably tough, yet it brims with potential. Elevating the voices of African researchers, investing in sustainable healthcare infrastructure, and fostering cross-border collaborations hold the keys to catalyzing transformative change. Initiatives aimed at fortifying medical education, broadening access to vital technologies, and championing preventive healthcare measures promise to alleviate the heavy burden that cardiovascular diseases impose on Africa.

In closing, the veil of silence shrouding Africa's cardiovascular burden must be lifted. It's time for the global medical community to acknowledge this symphony of suffering and join hands to orchestrate a harmonious response. Only through collective action, a commitment to equitable research endeavors, and a resolute dedication to improving healthcare access can we hope to create a world where vibrant African rhythms are once again the prevailing anthem, drowning out the silent cry of cardiovascular disease. The stage is set; it's time to embrace change and compose a healthier future for all.

HealthCare Africa (ISSN 2307-3535) is published 6 times a year by FW Africa. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents without written permission from the editor is prohibited. All information is published in good faith. While care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of any action taken on the basis of information published.

A jarring statistic underscores the challenge further—Africa grapples with an alarmingly low number of practicing cardiologists. With an approximate ratio of one cardiologist for every 600,000 individuals, the existing medical workforce finds itself stretched thin, struggling to meet the healthcare needs of a population in dire

Before you dive into these compelling pages, we extend a warm invitation to explore Issue 7 of HealthCare Middle East and Africa magazine. Within its folds, you'll discover comprehensive coverage encompassing our traditional feature stories, association focus, enlightening executive interviews, in-depth country spotlights, and our illuminating Disease focus section. We wish you an enriching and captivating read that accompanies your journey through each page.

Benjamin Opuko Senior Editor - HCMEA, FW Africa

KEMRI commissions region’s inaugural stem cell research centre

XRP Healthcare partners with Spiritus Medical to bring NASA-co-developed medical technology to East Africa

KENYA — The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) has launched the Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research to advance research in stem cell and regenerative medicine. The Stem Cell Unit, established with a US$542,000 grant from the National Research Fund, will focus on developing therapies for cancer, diabetes, burns, and Leishmaniasis. The laboratory is equipped with modern technology, including a Next generation sequencer, Cell Sorter, Cell Imager, Biosafety chamber, and CO2 incubator.

The Chairman of the National Research Fund, Prof. Ratemo Michieka, emphasized the importance of stem cell research in finding solutions for the nation and promoting job creation. The unit will also provide training for MSc, Ph.D. students, and research scientists in the field of stem cell and regenerative medicine, and establish a repository of stem cells in Kenya.

The center is expected to have a significant impact on addressing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which contribute to 50% of in-patient hospital admissions and 27% of all annual deaths in Kenya. Stem cell therapy holds promise in treating chronic and incurable diseases, making it a beacon of hope in the medical field. However, KEMRI appeals for increased funding to expedite research efforts and boost medical innovations in the country.

UGANDA — XRP Healthcare Africa and Spiritus Medical have collaborated with an aim to bring advanced medical technology to Uganda, starting with the SPIRITUS VITALITY Ventilator. Developed in partnership with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory during the COVID-19 pandemic, this FDA-approved ventilator offers a cost-effective solution to address the shortage of conventional ventilators in Africa. It is designed for easy assembly and maintenance and integrates seamlessly into various healthcare environments.

XRP Healthcare Africa, a subsidiary of XRP Healthcare, plans to distribute the SPIRITUS VITALITY Ventilator technology to healthcare facilities across Africa, beginning with Uganda. They intend to make the ventilator available on their decentralized marketplace using their native utility token, XRPH, ensuring accessibility to a broader population.

HOSPITALS

The collaboration between XRP Healthcare Africa and Spiritus Medical is a significant step forward in providing advanced healthcare solutions to Africa and beyond. The aim is to improve patient care and address critical healthcare challenges in the region.

Additionally, Burnratty Investment Group, a prominent player in Uganda's healthcare industry, has partnered with XRP Healthcare Africa to consolidate and upgrade the fragmented African healthcare market through mergers and acquisitions. They aim to become a leading healthcare provider in Africa, owning and operating over 10,000 hospitals and various healthcare facilities across the continent, providing premium and accessible healthcare services to millions of people. This partnership holds significant potential for innovation and growth in the African healthcare sector.

Burjeel Holdings takes over the operations of Al Dhannah Hospital

UAE — Burjeel Holdings, a UAE-based healthcare service provider, has taken over the operations of Al Dhannah Hospital in the Al Dhafra region of Abu Dhabi. The agreement with Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) allows Burjeel Holdings to manage the hospital, aiming to deliver patient-centered outcomes and coordinated care through clinically integrated operations.

The move is expected to enhance the quality and accessibility of healthcare services for ADNOC employees, their families, and the community in the region. Al Dhannah Hospital is one of the largest multi-specialty hospitals in the area, offering various services,

including orthopedics, pediatrics, and emergency care. Burjeel Holdings, known for delivering high-quality healthcare services across the MENA region, will ensure the efficient operation of the 122-bed facility with its experienced medical professionals and advanced technology systems.

HOSPITALS

Rwandan institution releases a new study on mortality rates in persons with epilepsy

with state-of-the-art facilities, advanced technology, and a team of multidisciplinary pediatricians to cater to the needs of children. Apollo Children’s covers a wide spectrum of pediatric care, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary care. It offers specialty care services in various pediatric specialties such as pediatric endocrinology, pediatric heart transplantation, pediatric intensive care, pediatric oncology, and more.

INDIA — Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited has launched Apollo Children’s, a dedicated branch to provide a comprehensive range of pediatric care in India. The main objective of Apollo Children’s is to offer personalized attention and high-quality pediatric care in a child-friendly environment.

The division is fully equipped

PHARMACEUTICALS

The division also focuses on providing 24/7 pediatric emergency and pediatric intensive care services. Apollo Children’s aims to set new benchmarks in pediatric care and improve access to specialized interventions for complex medical and surgical pediatric conditions. With this launch, Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited strengthens its position as a leading provider of pediatric care in India and beyond.

Moderna and CARsgen collaborate to transform cancer treatment with innovative therapy integration

USA — Moderna and CARsgen Therapeutics have joined forces in a groundbreaking collaboration to revolutionize cancer treatment. The partnership focuses on integrating Moderna's Claudin18.2 mRNA cancer vaccine with CARsgen's Claudin18.2 CAR T cell therapy, holding immense potential to reshape the cancer care landscape.

The strategic alliance aims to synergize the power of CAR-T cell therapy and an mRNA cancer vaccine encoding Claudin18.2, a selective biomarker for various malignant tumors. Claudin18.2's distinct expression pattern makes it pivotal for targeted therapy,

especially in stomach-originating cancers. CARsgen's CT041, an advanced solid tumor CAR-T therapy, has garnered accolades with RMAT and Orphan Drug designations for Claudin18.2-positive tumors.

A Phase II trial targeting advanced gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer patients is underway. Zonghai Li, CARsgen's CEO, envisions combining CAR T-cell therapy and a cancer vaccine to unleash potent tumorfighting capabilities. This innovative partnership, supported by Moderna's mRNA expertise, could redefine cancer treatment benefits and mark a turning point in patient care.

RWANDA — A longitudinal study conducted in Rwanda at the NeuroPsychiatric Hospital Caraes Ndela and primary healthcare centers has revealed a significantly higher mortality rate among individuals living with epilepsy (PwE) compared to the general population. Led by Dr. Leme Garrez, the study titled "Mortality and sudden unexpected death in Epilepsy in a Cohort of 888 persons living with epilepsy in Rwanda" enrolled PwE aged 15 and above between February and December 2018.

Results showed a median standardized mortality ratio in subSaharan Africa of 5.4, with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) being the most common cause of epilepsy-related death. Among 888 individuals with epilepsy, 10 deaths were recorded, resulting in a mortality rate of 11.4 per 1,000 person-years. Four deaths were directly related to epilepsy, and three were identified as possible SUDEP cases, yielding a SUDEP rate of 3.4 per 1,000 person-years.

The study emphasized the need for better access to treatment, education for patients and families regarding risks, and improved seizure control strategies to address the high mortality rates. Additionally, depression was highlighted as a common psychiatric comorbidity for individuals with epilepsy, contributing to the overall global burden of disease.

Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Ltd introduces its new health division, Apollo Children’s

WELCOME TO EASTERN AFRICA’S BIGGEST TRADE SHOW FOR HOSPITALS, CARE & WELLNESS PROVIDERS

MARCH 7-9, 2024 | Visa Oshwal Centre, Nairobi, Kenya

CO-LOCATED WITH:

AFRICA & WELLNESS HOSPITALS

EXPO

The Africa Hospitals & Wellness Expo will welcome in Nairobi, Kenya more than 7,000 visitors to discover and engage with the leading providers of healthcare, care and wellness services in Kenya, Africa and globally.

the Kenya Nutrition, Health & Wellness Exhibitions

Look forward to engaging with leading specialty hospitals, multispecialty hospital chains, wellness and care centres plus providers of the latest personal health and wellness products and services from Africa and beyond.

Nutrition, Health & Wellness Exhibitions are weekend consumer expos and seminars that targeted at creating and improving the consumer on healthy living and general well being. are held over the weekend to ensure the of the entire family.

of the Kenya Nutrition, Health & Wellness are:

Plan to attend the highly-engaging clinical talks that will be addressed by professionals and consultants in the healthcare sector in Africa.

Provide a forum for food and beverage processors, distributors and importers to interact directly with consumers, with a goal of informing the consumers unique features and benefits of their products relation to healthy eating and living; Provide a forum for providers of health, personal home hygiene products to interact directly with consumers

together medical, nutritional, healthcare and wellness experts and practitioners face to face consumers to discuss disease management, lifestyle choices, diet management, wellness goals practices with a view to imparting the right

CONTACT US: +254 725 343 932 www.africahealthexpo.com/care

Serum Institute of India to expand its vaccine business with the launch of malaria vaccine, dengue vaccine

INDIA — The Serum Institute of India, known for its pivotal role in vaccine production, is set to introduce a groundbreaking malaria vaccine to the Indian market. The institute has sponsored Phase III licensure clinical trials, demonstrating its commitment to fighting malaria. The announcement came during a press conference organized by the Miss World Organisation in Pune, Maharashtra.

The launch of this vaccine represents a significant step in reducing the annual toll of over half a million malaria-related deaths and improving health outcomes, especially in Africa. Dr. Cyrus Poonawalla, Managing Director of the Serum Institute of India, revealed plans to launch the malaria vaccine this year, following the success of their COVID-19 vaccine, Covishield.

The institute's dedication to global health is evident through its multifunctional production facility in Pune, saving over 30 million lives. Their efforts against COVID-19 include delivering over 2 billion vaccine doses worldwide. Additionally, the Serum Institute of India is expanding globally, opening its first manufacturing plant in Africa. They are also working on a dengue vaccine, aiming to launch it by the end of 2024, to combat the rising cases of dengue infections.

Furthermore, they have prequalified MenFive, a vaccine that protects against five predominant meningococcal serogroups, and launched India's first indigenously-developed quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus vaccine to combat cervical cancer in the country. These initiatives demonstrate their commitment to global health and innovation.

PM Madbouly awards golden license to establish a multi-vaccine manufacturing plant in the Suez Canal Zone

research center and a strain bank. The factory, located in the Suez Canal Economic Zone, is expected to become the largest vaccine manufacturing facility in the Middle East and North Africa. The facility will cover a full production cycle of 19 different types of vaccines, with technology transfer.

EGYPT — The Prime Minister of Egypt, Mostafa Kamal Madbouly, has granted the "golden license" to Gennvax Egypt, allowing the establishment and operation of a multi-vaccine production facility in the country. The golden license is a single approval for projects, designed to encourage local and foreign investments by expediting the implementation process. Gennecs Pharmaceuticals, part of the Gennecs group, is forming Gennvax Holding to obtain this license.

Gennvax Holding plans to establish a multi-vaccine production facility, GennVax, in Egypt, along with a vaccine

With support from global investors from Saudi Arabia and the UAE, the factory aims to produce around 300 million vaccines annually. The strategic location on the Suez Canal will make it a gateway to Africa and will generate economic opportunities in the region. The project is set to create nearly 700 job opportunities and make significant investments in obtaining World Health Organization (WHO) Prequalification approvals for vaccine manufacturing, accreditation, and export. The facility will play a crucial role in advancing Egypt's healthcare system and improving public health.

Kenya National TB lab to get much-needed upgrade for WHO clearance

KENYA — The Kenyatta National Hospital's National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory is set to undergo a significant overhaul to meet World Health Organization (WHO) standards and achieve Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) status. The Kenyan Ministry of Health (MoH) will collaborate with development partners to upgrade the laboratory's facilities.

Currently, the laboratory performs population-based surveillance for tuberculosis prevalence but is limited by its lack of BSL-3 clearance. The renovation project will involve structural, electrical, and mechanical enhancements to meet technical and regulatory standards. The upgraded BSL-3 laboratory will enhance staff safety, allow for the handling of dangerous pathogens, and improve healthcare quality. The WHO emphasizes the importance of BSL-3 laboratories for conducting diagnostic procedures involving emerging and dangerous pathogens while minimizing infection risks to individuals, communities, and the environment.

HEALTHCARE DELIVERY

USAID embarks on a new US$49.8M maternal and child health care project in Ethiopia

ETHIOPIA — The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has launched a US$49.8 million maternal and child health program in Ethiopia called the USAID Quality Healthcare activity. This five-year initiative will be implemented by John Snow, Inc. (JSI) and will focus on improving maternal and child health in 67 woredas (districts) across six regions of Ethiopia.

The project aims to provide tailored support to health facilities, including medical equipment and training,

with the goal of reducing illnesses and fatalities among newborns, mothers, and children. The program will specifically target neonatal sepsis, postpartum hemorrhage in mothers, and pneumonia in newborns. The launch event was attended by USAID Mission Director Scott Hocklander and State Minister of Health Dr. Dereje Duguma, emphasizing the partnership between the American people and the people of Ethiopia in addressing critical healthcare challenges.

Promising drug target identified to combat mosquito-borne viruses

USA — Scientists have identified a potential drug target that could revolutionize the fight against mosquito-borne viruses like dengue and Zika. By uncovering how these viruses manipulate host cells to amplify replication, researchers have laid the groundwork for innovative treatments. The findings, led by Michaela Gack of

HOSPITALS

Cleveland Clinic's Florida Research & Innovation Center, offer hope against infections lacking effective therapies.

The study reveals that viruses exploit host cells as replication factories, exemplified by Zika co-opting host cell proteins. A key player in this process is the human enzyme KAT5, which supports viral RNA genome amplification.

Targeting KAT5 presents a sustainable and potent strategy against these viruses, as human proteins evolve more gradually than viruses, reducing the risk of rapid resistance. The discovery opens the door to transformative therapeutic interventions against mosquitotransmitted flaviviruses.

M.P. Shah opens new ultra-modern maternity wing at KPJ medical centre

KENYA — M.P. Shah Hospital in Nairobi, one of East Africa's leading specialty care private hospitals, has opened a new maternity wing at its 8-storey KPJ Medical Centre. The modern facility is equipped with the latest technology and staffed by highly skilled professionals.

M.P. Shah Hospital has been ranked among the best private hospitals in Kenya, particularly in maternity and child healthcare. The hospital operates under the Social Service League, a non-religious, non-political charitable institution. The new maternity wing occupies the 3rd and 4th floors of the KPJ Medical Centre, and the expansion

is part of the hospital's strategic plan to transform healthcare in the region over the next decade.

The new centre aims to address the increasing demand for healthcare services and includes a modern physiotherapy centre for sports medicine, neurology, and other specialties. Additionally, the KPJ Medical Centre houses a dedicated pediatric cancer centre actively participating in research and treatment. M.P. Shah's maternal care division offers comprehensive services, including pregnancy assessments, antenatal check-ups, and postnatal care.

THE NEW CENTRE AIMS TO ADDRESS THE INCREASING DEMAND FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES AND INCLUDES A MODERN PHYSIOTHERAPY CENTRE FOR SPORTS MEDICINE, AND NEUROLOGY

SK Bioscience and Vaxxas collaborate on needle-free typhoid vaccine

Nigeria’s healthcare security capacity rises to 54% up from 39% in 2017

NIGERIA — Nigeria has made significant strides in improving its public health preparedness, with its readiness to prevent, detect, and respond to health threats now at 54%, up from 39% in 2017. The milestone was revealed during the second Joint External Evaluation (JEE) for International Health Regulations Core Capacities in Abuja. The JEE is a collaborative process that assesses a country's capacity to handle public health risks, whether natural or deliberate.

done. He highlighted the importance of food safety and adequate staffing for health security.

Ormel provided recommendations for Nigeria to further strengthen its health security, including the creation of a five-year risk-based National Action Plan for Health Security and multisectoral engagement. He stressed that Nigeria's efforts in this regard not only benefit its citizens but also contribute to global health security.

SOUTH KOREA — South Korean biotech leader SK Bioscience and vaccine technology firm Vaxxas have partnered to develop a groundbreaking typhoid conjugate vaccine delivered via a needle-free patch. The collaboration aims to address challenges in traditional vaccine administration and temperature stability, expanding accessibility and coverage in regions combating infectious diseases.

Using Vaxxas’s HD-MAP patch technology, the companies plan to transform SK’s SKYTyphoid vaccine into a subcutaneously delivered formulation, potentially overcoming limitations associated with conventional vaccine distribution methods. The partnership has received substantial support from UK-based charity Wellcome, with an investment of A$5.4 million (US$3.67 million) and a commitment to providing vaccine access to low and middle-income countries. Typhoid fever remains a significant threat in regions with limited clean water access, making the development of innovative vaccine solutions crucial. SK Bioscience's history of healthcare innovation, including a range of vaccines, underscores its commitment to global health advancements.

The JEE team noted that Nigeria consistently scored above 50% in various thematic areas, including prevention, detection, response, and International Health Regulations related to hazards, Point of Entry, and border health.

Dr. Hendrick Ormel, the Lead External Evaluator and Senior Adviser of the WHO Global JEE Secretariat, commended Nigeria's progress but emphasized that there is still work to be

PARTNERSHIPS

Dr. Ifedayo Adetifa, Director General of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, acknowledged Nigeria's achievements and emphasized the government's commitment to health security, aligning its agenda with various healthcare aspects. This progress comes after Nigeria's first JEE in 2017, which prompted the development of a National Action Plan to address identified gaps and recommendations.

CEPI and Gennova collaborate to develop rapid vaccine response for 'Disease X'

INDIA — The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) has partnered with Gennova Biopharmaceuticals to develop a selfamplifying mRNA (saRNA) technology for rapid vaccine response to potential global health crises, known as 'Disease X.' CEPI has committed up to US$3.6 million to advance the saRNA-platform, aiming to revolutionize vaccine development against unknown pathogenic threats.

The collaboration aims to optimize the saRNA-platform, with a focus on creating a vaccine candidate for the rabies virus, a known pathogen, to evaluate the technology's efficacy. Gennova's innovative saRNA technology utilizes a distinctive CLNE

delivery system, setting it apart from conventional mRNA vaccines, and has shown success with mRNA-based Covid-19 vaccines. Dr. Sanjay Singh, CEO of Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, highlighted the partnership's commitment to democratizing vaccine access and readiness in the face of global health threats.

WHO calls for stricter regulations on marketing unhealthy foods to children to combat rising childhood obesity

Aspen Pharmacare expands global pharmaceutical footprint with strategic agreements and acquisitions

SWITZERLAND — The World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced comprehensive guidelines urging governments to implement more rigorous regulations on the advertising of unhealthy foods high in saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, free sugars, or salt (HFSS) to children. This marks a significant shift in the WHO's position, as it denounces the predatory tactics employed by fast food companies.

For the first time, the WHO advises countries that the only effective solution to address this issue is through mandatory regulations that restrict the industry's ability to target children. The measures must extend beyond children's media due to the pervasive nature of advertising.

The primary objective of these guidelines is to tackle the escalating problem of childhood obesity. Alarming statistics reveal that there has been minimal progress in curbing childhood obesity rates over the past two decades, and the food industry's voluntary restrictions have shown no significant impact. As a result, the WHO emphasizes the need for top-down regulations to address this public health issue effectively.

The WHO argues that marketing harmful foods to children is a violation

of their rights, and defending such marketing practices loses ground when the marketed products harm health and pose a threat to children's rights. Therefore, countries have an obligation to take action to protect children from marketing HFSS foods.

Recognizing the influential role of marketing in shaping children's dietary preferences, the WHO emphasizes the urgent need for governments to take action and prevent children from becoming victims of unhealthy food marketing. It also calls for a focus on the core business models of relevant commercial actors and reducing their ability to employ marketing strategies that undermine public knowledge of the associated harms.

SOUTH AFRICA — South African pharmaceutical giant Aspen Pharmacare is making strategic moves to offset previous losses and drive future growth in the global pharmaceutical market. The company has entered agreements with three international pharmaceutical companies to produce their drugs at its French facility, capitalizing on its significant investment in sterile product manufacturing.

These agreements are expected to contribute R2 billion (US$106.2 million) to Aspen's revenue by 2025, along with an existing deal with India's Serum Institute. Aspen has also signed a 10year distribution agreement with US pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly for product distribution in Africa worth US$41.5 million, including the intravenous diabetes drug tirzepatide.

In a separate move, Aspen is deepening its presence in Latin America through a US$280 million acquisition of a specialist drug portfolio from Viatris, including well-known drugs like Viagra and Lipitor. The acquisition is pending approval from competition authorities in Ecuador and Colombia, with completion expected by October.

These strategic moves aim to enhance Aspen Pharmacare's existing portfolio and expand its presence in key regions, including Latin America. The acquisition of an experienced sales team is expected to bolster the company's commercial capabilities, providing a solid foundation for future growth. The company's valuation on the JSE stands at R85 billion (US$ 4.5 billion).

THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THESE GUIDELINES IS TO TACKLE THE ESCALATING PROBLEM OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY.

HEALTHCARE

Aviv Clinics Dubai expands its health service offerings with the launch of an innovative checkup program

assessment. This launch follows the initiation of "Aviv Cares," a pediatric initiative aimed at aiding children with complex neurological conditions in the UAE. The new Executive Health & Performance Checkup is tailored for executives and business leaders, offering cognitive and physical assessments, brain imaging, and nutritional evaluation.

UAE — Aviv Clinics Dubai has introduced a novel health service called "Aviv’s Executive Health & Performance Checkup," targeting cognitive health

The two-day program involves assessments by a team of experts and consultations with specialists to provide participants with comprehensive

health and performance insights. This initiative aligns with the evolving needs of professionals striving for peak performance, emphasizing cognitive functionality and physical well-being. Aviv Clinics Dubai's innovative approach to health optimization, combining proprietary treatments like Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) and cognitive training, underscores its commitment to personalized care and healthcare innovation in the UAE, contributing to Dubai's stature as a hub of healthcare advancement.

Saudi Arabia healthcare group Fakeeh Care files to sell shares in the UAE via IPO

SAUDI ARABIA — Fakeeh Care, a private hospital group based in Saudi Arabia, is planning to sell at least 30% of its stake to a strategic investor as part of an initial public offering (IPO) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The group, which also functions as an academic hospital with undergraduate

HEALTHCARE DELIVERY

and postgraduate programs, aims to secure additional funds through the IPO. Fakeeh Care has reportedly enlisted HSBC, the largest international bank in the Middle East and North Africa, to advise on the buyout deal. The IPO plan aligns with Saudi Arabia's efforts to encourage family-owned companies to

list on the Saudi Exchange, contributing to the diversification of the economy beyond oil revenues. The country has allocated significant funds to health and social development in its 2023 budget, leading to an increase in healthcare sector listings on the Saudi Exchange in recent years.

KUTRRH unveils state-of-the-art endoscopy tower to elevate medical services

KENYA — Kenyatta University

Teaching, Referral & Research Hospital (KUTRRH) in Kenya has made a significant advancement in healthcare by introducing an advanced endoscopy tower, a critical addition to the nation's public healthcare facilities. Through a partnership with the Kenyan Ministry of Health, Fuji, and Science Scope, KUTRRH has procured cutting-edge medical diagnostic tools, solidifying its position as a pioneer in medical innovation.

The endoscopy tower, one of only two in Kenya's public health sector,

allows for the diagnosis and treatment of various digestive system diseases through procedures like endoscopy, colonoscopy, ERCP, and EUS. This advancement, facilitated by a team of experts, reflects KUTRRH's commitment to improving healthcare accessibility and achieving Universal Health Care goals in collaboration with the government. The availability of advanced endoscopy services at KUTRRH at a fraction of the cost, covered by the National Hospital Insurance Fund, further enhances patient care and outcomes.

Novo’s Wegovy proves beneficial for individuals with obesity and heart failure

but also improved quality of life and exercise endurance for participants with a specific form of heart failure. The findings were presented at the European Society of Cardiology meeting and published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

CVS Health’s novel biosimilars subsidiary to introduce affordable Humira generic

DENMARK — Danish pharmaceutical giant Novo Nordisk has unveiled new evidence showcasing the heartprotective potential of its weight loss drug, Wegovy. Following previous revelations that Wegovy can prevent heart attacks and strokes, the drug has now demonstrated positive outcomes for individuals battling heart failure in a clinical trial called "STEP-HFpEF."

The trial revealed that Wegovy not only alleviated heart failure symptoms

Novo Nordisk aims to leverage this evidence to expand insurance coverage for Wegovy, potentially reshaping the cardiovascular care landscape and strengthening its position against competitors like Eli Lilly. The GLP-1 agonist class of drugs, which includes Wegovy and Novo Nordisk's diabetes drug Ozempic, is revolutionizing weight loss management by curbing appetite. However, supply constraints and recent reports of adverse effects have prompted careful scrutiny of these groundbreaking treatments.

Francis Crick Institute receives US$9.54M from LifeArc to support medical research in Africa

SOUTH AFRICA — LifeArc, a UK notfor-profit medical research organization, has invested US$9.54 million into the Francis Crick Institute’s Crick Africa Network (CAN) program. The funding will extend for five more years, supporting young African scientists in building their research careers. CAN will offer Career Accelerator Fellowships for post-doctoral biomedical researchers to develop translational scientific programs and become independent scientists, hosted at African partner institutions including the West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens and Stellenbosch University.

CAN will provide mentorship, grant writing, and research ethics support. Additionally, CAN will support Technology Development Fellows for one-year training posts in science and

technology platform management and development.

LifeArc's focus on translational science and bridging the gap between research and clinical development will enhance the program's impact on patient lives. The partnership aims to create an equitable global health research ecosystem and drive innovation. Since 2017, 18 CAN Fellows have progressed through the program, publishing academic papers, securing grant funding, and building training capacity for the next generation of African scientists. Dr. Peter Quashie, a former CAN Fellow, emphasized the instrumental leadership training and flexibility to pursue research allowed him to make significant contributions to the field.

USA — CVS Health has unveiled its subsidiary, Cordavis, with groundbreaking plans to collaborate directly with drug manufacturers for the co-production and distribution of biosimilar drug products in the United States. Cordavis's first offering, Hyrimoz, is a generic version of AbbVie's Humira, and it boasts an 80% lower price tag than the original, potentially addressing supply shortages and reshaping the biosimilar market.

CVS Health's Chief Financial Officer, Shawn Guertin, highlighted Cordavis's strategic importance in enhancing healthcare outcomes and affordability. While the financial terms of the Hyrimoz agreement remain undisclosed, CVS intends to launch the product under the Cordavis private label in Q1 2024.

Hyrimoz, an FDA-approved biosimilar since 2018, recently obtained clearance for a high-concentration formulation. CVS has made substantial investments to secure a reliable supply of Hyrimoz for the US market, ensuring consistent quality at a considerably lower price.

Despite challenges, including competition and recent pharmacy benefits management shifts, CVS is positioned as a significant player in the pharmaceutical landscape. Novartis' Sandoz unit, the developer of Hyrimoz, is also set for a spin-off as an independent entity.

Bayer appoints Dr. Juergen Eckhardt to lead external growth strategy

GERMANY — Bayer has appointed Dr. Juergen Eckhardt as the new Head of Business Development & Licensing / Open Innovation (BDL/OI) for its Pharmaceuticals Division, effective September 1, 2023.

This move signals a strategic shift in Bayer's growth approach, with Dr. Eckhardt leading the charge for external expansion. With over 25 years of experience in healthcare, including roles as a physician, strategy consultant, and venture capital investor, Dr. Eckhardt brings a diverse skill set to spearhead Bayer's strategy.

His journey at Bayer began in 2016, playing a pivotal role in establishing Leaps by Bayer, an impact investment arm focusing on health and agriculture technologies. Under his guidance, Leaps has invested over US$1.7 billion in 55 companies, some of which were subsequently acquired by Bayer.

Dr. Eckhardt's experience positions him well to navigate the complexities of Bayer's external growth and innovation efforts. His dual role, overseeing Leaps by Bayer, underscores his commitment to advancing innovation and pushing Bayer's mission forward. As Bayer enters this transformative phase, Dr. Eckhardt's leadership is poised to reshape the company's direction, foster collaboration, and bring innovative solutions to the forefront of healthcare.

Vikram Patel to chair Harvard Medical School’s Department of Global Health and Social Medicine

INDIA — Harvard University has appointed Indian-born mental health expert Vikram Patel as the new Chair of the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine. He will succeed the late global health legend Paul Farmer, known for his work on health equity and human rights.

Patel will assume his new role on September 1, 2023. He is a co-founder of

Silicon Valley Bank strengthens leadership in life science and healthcare banking

USA — Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) has made strategic appointments to bolster its support for companies in the Life Science and Healthcare sectors. Jackie Spencer, a 16-year veteran at the bank, will now serve as the Head of Relationship Management for Life Science and Healthcare Banking.

the Movement for Global Mental Health and has been serving as the Pershing Square Professor of Global Health at Harvard Medical School since 2017. Patel leads the Mental Health for All Lab and the interdisciplinary initiative Global Mental Health@Harvard, which aims to elevate mental health as a universal human right. In his new role, he will continue pushing for the Lab's efforts to scale up mental health interventions using digital technology and task-sharing.

Patel is also the co-lead for the EMPOWER program, which seeks to train over one million frontline workers to deliver evidence-based psychosocial treatments for mental health problems. He is widely respected for his contributions to global mental health and his dedication to addressing mental health challenges through collaboration and innovation. His appointment comes at a time of increasing awareness of the growing mental health crisis worldwide.

Megan Scheffel, with an impressive 26-year tenure at SVB, has been named as the Head of Credit Solutions for the same practice. These appointments demonstrate SVB's commitment to providing top-notch financial solutions and industry expertise to its clients.

SVB's nationwide Life Science and Healthcare practice offers specialized banking services, debt-financing solutions, industry partnerships, and market insights, making it a preferred financial partner for ventures at all stages. The recently released Healthcare Investments and Exits 2023 Mid-Year report, co-authored by Jackie Spencer, delves into trends for venture capital investing, fundraising, M&A activity, and exits within the biopharma, medical device, diagnostics, and healthtech sectors in the US. The report serves as a valuable resource for investors and industry players seeking to navigate the Healthcare market landscape.

New Chief Executive Officer takes the reins at Response Plus Holding

UAE — Dr. Rohil Raghavan has assumed the role of Chief Executive Officer of Response Plus Holding (RPM), a prominent healthcare service provider in the UAE. RPM offers a range of health services, including onsite healthcare management, occupational medicine,

Johnson & Johnson names the new Managing Director of its medical device business in India

INDIA — Johnson & Johnson Private Limited has appointed Anuj Virmani as the new Managing Director for its medical device business in India. With 28 years of experience in the healthcare industry, Anuj brings a patient-centric vision to lead the company's operations in India and expand its reach in tier II and III cities.

Nigeria’s President appoints Dr. Salma Ibrahim Anas as Special Adviser on Health

SOUTH AFRICA — Effective from July 1, 2023, Rui Morais, the current Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of DisChem, will assume the role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO), following Ivan Saltzman's decision to step down after his remarkable 45-year tenure as cofounder and CEO of the company.

and emergency medical services, serving over a million people across 65 countries.

Dr. Raghavan, an experienced ENT surgeon with over 20 years of regional healthcare expertise, aims to lead RPM's expansion in prehospital care and digitalization across its subsidiaries in the UAE and Saudi Arabia. He previously held leadership roles at Burjeel Holdings, another major healthcare provider in the Middle East. Dr. Raghavan's appointment follows an agreement between RPM and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to extend high-quality emergency care access in India and the MENA region. Excited about his new position, Dr. Raghavan plans to innovate, improve, and propel RPM to greater international success.

Anuj has been a part of J&J's operations since 1995 and has held various leadership roles, including Chief Financial Officer for the Middle East, Central Europe, Russia, Turkey, and Africa within the EMEA MedTech division. He has been instrumental in successful initiatives like developing specialties such as Bariatric, Thoracic, and Colorectal.

The appointment comes as Johnson & Johnson MedTech India deepens its commitment to discovering and developing therapies for unmet medical needs. The company has teamed up with Karkinos Healthcare, an oncology solutions platform, to up-skill healthcare professionals in cancer care. The partnership aims to make quality cancer treatment accessible and affordable, increasing patients' access to specialized care from oncologists in India.

Anuj looks forward to collaborating with care providers, government offices, and key stakeholders to enhance healthcare accessibility and elevate the nation's standards of care.

Morais, who has been with DisChem since 2010 and has played a pivotal role as CFO and a member of the executive leadership team, will now lead the company into its next phase of growth and development. His extensive experience and deep involvement in shaping the group's strategy over the past 11 years position him well for this new leadership role.

As the incoming CEO, Morais will focus on steering the company's strategic objectives and ensuring its continued success. His appointment is part of a carefully planned leadership succession, reflecting the company's commitment to maintaining strong leadership and driving its strategic ambitions forward.

Ivan Saltzman, co-founder and outgoing CEO, will remain actively involved in the company as an executive director on the board. The leadership transition has been met with confidence by Larry Nestadt, Dis-Chem's chairman, who commended Saltzman's transformative leadership and expressed assurance in the carefully selected successor.

BOMU HOSPITAL

A Symphony of Healing: Bomu Hospital's triumphant journey of health, hope and humanity

By BENJAMIN OPUKO

DR. AABID AHMED, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF BOMU HOSPITAL.

Nestled amidst the vibrant landscapes of Mombasa County, an extraordinary beacon of healthcare brilliance rises, infusing the air with an aura of promise. Dr. Aabid Ahmed, the visionary force and Chief Executive Officer of Bomu Hospital, exudes a passion that electrifies the room as he paints a vivid tapestry of the hospital's remarkable journey – one that began as a twinkle in the eye of Late Hayati Anjarwalla, has transcended boundaries, touched lives, and woven together the threads of health, hope, and humanity.

"Health, hope, and humanity," Dr. Ahmed declares, the words imbued with a weight of purpose. "It's more than a philosophy; it's the very essence of Bomu Hospital." With infectious zeal, he unravels the hospital's multifaceted mission, a symphony conducted with precision and compassion.

Bomu Hospital stands as a paragon of

collaboration, bridging the chasm in healthcare provision across three counties – Mombasa, Kilifi, and Kwale. The heart of their success lies in a symbiotic dance with the county governments. "A partnership of unwavering strength," Dr. Ahmed affirms, "wherein we share expertise, guidance,

and support. Together, we navigate uncharted territories, filling the gaps that emerge."

In the heart of Mombasa County, Bomu thrives as a testament to this alliance, fortified by the health department's unwavering dedication. "Technical supervision, guidance, training –these threads weave a safety net that envelops every department, every corner of Bomu," Dr. Ahmed explains, his eyes alight with pride.

But it is not a one-way current of aid; it's a river flowing both ways. "A private-public partnership," Dr. Ahmed emphasizes, "where we uplift the county in its times of need, a beacon of support echoing through the fabric of healthcare provision."

Within the hallowed walls of Bomu, the philosophy of "health, hope, and humanity" resounds with each heartbeat. "Health," Dr. Ahmed affirms, "is our foundation." From humble origins as a dispensary, Bomu has bloomed into a stronghold of tertiary healthcare, a sanctuary where the underserved and underprivileged find solace. "People travel from distant lands," he shares, "seeking the embrace of Bomu's healing touch."

The symphony crescendos into the next movement: "hope." Dr. Ahmed's eyes soften as he unveils Bomu's commitment to the HIV-positive population. "More than 26,000 souls find solace here," he whispers, the weight of responsibility etched upon his features. Bomu stands tall as the

COMPANY FEATURE: Bomu Hospital

IN BOMU, YOU WILL GET THE SAME LEVEL OF DIGNITY THAT YOU ARE ENTITLED TO AS OF RIGHT BECAUSE YOU ARE A HUMAN BEING.

largest NGO, a guardian of care and treatment, kindling flames of hope that burn brighter with each passing day.

Yet, hope knows no boundaries. Through partnerships with the Fistula Foundation and Smile Train, Bomu's reach stretches beyond affliction to transformation. "We mend bodies and spirits," Dr. Ahmed shares. "Fistula repairs, cleft lip and palate surgeries – a symphony of restoration that reverberates through smiles and renewed dreams."

The final note resounds – "humanity." In Dr. Ahmed's words, it is "the heartbeat of Bomu." A cascade of programs under this banner ignites rays of compassion – each program a testament to the resilience of the human spirit. "We kindle flames of hope," Dr. Ahmed avers, "guiding our patients towards a brighter tomorrow."

BOMU HOSPITAL'S SOLID COMMITMENT TO DIGNITY AND CARE

"We believe that every patient, regardless," Dr. Ahmed's voice is unwavering, "every human being, regardless of their socioeconomic status, has a right to a dignified life." His eyes blaze with conviction as if challenging the world to embrace this fundamental truth. "Quality healthcare services," he continues, "and a dignified death as well." The room seems to hush, acknowledging the taboo topic that Dr. Ahmed fearlessly

addresses - the cycle of life that demands respect and compassion.

With a gentle cadence, Dr. Ahmed leads us deeper into Bomu's ethos. "It's about providing patients the dignity they deserve," he declares, his words echoing off the walls, "regardless of their socioeconomic status." The promise is clear - within Bomu's embrace, privilege and poverty stand as equals, bowing to the sanctity of human rights.

"In Bomu, you will get the same level of dignity," his gaze pierces through the mundane, "that you are entitled to as of right because you are a human being." It's an anthem of equality, a reminder that the threads of humanity bind us all. The room seems to breathe with these words, a shared exhale of recognition.

"Treating everybody with a smile again," Dr. Ahmed's voice softens, the corners of his lips curling into a genuine smile, "regardless of your medical condition, regardless of your socioeconomic background." Here, compassion is the currency, and empathy flows freely. "Not turning anyone away," his words resonate like a vow, "for as long as we can provide that service, we will provide that service to the patient."

As we journey deeper into the narrative, Dr. Ahmed's vision unfurls like a vast tapestry of hope. "To replicate the Bomu model," he shares, "to take Bomu to many places." The dream takes

INSIDE VIEW OF BOMU HOSPITAL'S GENERAL WARD

shape - Bomu's legacy, like a benevolent tide, is set to wash over distant shores. "A Bomu along the entire coastline," he envisions, his eyes alight with determination.

In the last two years, the dream took root, blossoming into reality. "Shungwaya Health Access Limited," Dr. Ahmed announces, "an independent unit born from a partnership with Safari Doctors." The symphony expands, notes of progress and innovation harmonizing with Bomu's enduring melody.

"We are opening first a small level two medical center in Lamu," Dr. Ahmed's excitement is palpable, "and thereafter, a level four hospital." The tale of Bomu unfolds beyond Mombasa's borders, leaving a trail of compassion along the coastline. "Our vision, our dream," he declares, "is to replicate the Bomu philosophy and, God willing, take it outside of the coastal region."

Dr. Aabid Ahmed's words linger, like a gentle breeze carrying whispers of change. In Bomu Hospital, virtues and ethos converge, transcending boundaries and inspiring a world where dignity, care, and compassion reign supreme.

A HEALING ODYSSEY: BOMU HOSPITAL'S JOURNEY THROUGH CARE AND COMPASSION

"In terms of services, Bomu provides primary healthcare services, prevention services, all the

way to tertiary-level treatment services," Dr. Ahmed's voice resonates with a sense of purpose, an orchestra of commitment and capability. The hospital's offerings span the spectrum, from nurturing wellness to tackling complex medical challenges, a testament to their unyielding resolve to stand by their patients.

"We have full-fledged operating theatres where we conduct major orthopedic surgeries, where we conduct all kinds of surgeries," he declares, his words painting a vivid picture of a bustling hub of healing hands. Yet, he is quick to acknowledge their boundaries, a line drawn not out of limitation, but out of a profound understanding of their strengths. "We don't conduct, for example, neurosurgery," he confides, his humility shining through. "Because that's where we have drawn our line... at what point we need to refer the patient."

The heart of Bomu's empire beats in Changamwe, where the main hospital stands tall. "The centers are between level three A and three B," Dr. Ahmed explains, unveiling the intricate tiers of care that grace their centers. From the gentle embrace of outpatient services to the nurturing haven of daycare, Bomu's centers are a testament to their dedication to every facet of well-being.

The tapestry of Bomu's services is woven with a thread of focused determination. "Our focus remains primary healthcare services,

THEATER NURSE PREPPING THE THEATER ROOM FOR SURGERY.

prevention services, and treatment services up to level three," Dr. Ahmed shares, his voice alive with purpose. The hospital's commitment to its community extends beyond medical realms, encompassing theater, maternity, and even mortuary services, forming a mosaic of care that wraps around every aspect of life.

The heartbeat of Bomu's success lies in their carefully crafted service provision model, a symphony conducted across their various centers. "In all our centers, we replicate similar kinds of services," Dr. Ahmed affirms. The intricacy of their care extends to centers with limited hours, where they embrace patients with open arms, offering vital treatments like chemotherapy and blood transfusions. "So that's the model," he states, a crescendo of care reverberating through his words.

Dr. Ahmed's strategic acumen shines as he divulges their evolution strategy, a dance between progress and preservation. "When we feel that our center has now reached a level where it can move from level two A to two B, then we upgrade the center," he shares, his wisdom a guiding light. Their ascent is deliberate, mindful of the delicate balance between growth and the unwavering quality that defines them.

"Yet, from our headquarters, we want to continue monitoring the service provision," he asserts, a guardian of excellence. This vigilance isn't confined to Mombasa's borders; it extends to the enchanting island of Lamu, where a new chapter of Bomu's saga is unfolding. Dr. Ahmed's eyes shimmer with determination as he envisions the future, speaking of a dream to grow into a level four healthcare facility. A partnership with Safari Doctors promises a different approach, a tapestry of collaboration woven with care.

BOMU'S ODYSSEY: A JOURNEY OF HEALING AND HOPE

"Bomu started as Mkomani Clinic Society in the year 1979 by Mrs. Hayati Anjarwalla - a lady who dedicated her life to serving the underprivileged," Dr. Ahmed's voice carries the weight of history, a tale of humble beginnings that would shape the future of healthcare in the region. "Hayati Anjarwalla started as a small two-roomed outpatient clinic," he reminisces, a stark contrast to the multi-faceted institution that Bomu is today. In those early days, the clinic was more than a medical haven; Hayati Anjarwalla created a sanctuary of compassion where patients received care, medicine, and treatment for free.

The narrative takes a turn, revealing a

realization that life's most precious gifts often come with a nominal cost. "With time, there came a realization that free treatment may not always be appreciated," Dr. Ahmed explains, unveiling a transition towards a model that upheld the value of healthcare while maintaining an aura of compassion. The small fee charged to patients was a testament to the sanctity of care.

As the story weaves its way through the annals of time, a portrait emerges of growth and adaptation. "In 1982, there was a branch that was opened up in Voi," Dr. Ahmed continues, painting a picture of expansion beyond the shores of Mombasa. This growth was a precursor to an intriguing transformation in 1986, where the Changamwe center blossomed into the headquarters, becoming the heartbeat of Bomu's existence.

The journey then enters a phase of strategic partnerships that would shape Bomu's destiny. "The Planned Parenthood Federation gave us a small grant," Dr. Ahmed reveals, describing a pivotal moment that heralded the era of reproductive health. It was a time of challenge and controversy, as Bomu navigated uncharted waters. The program was a resounding success,

MRS. HAYATI ANJARWALLA, THE FOUNDER OF BOMU HOSPITAL

attracting recognition and donors alike.

The narrative takes a decisive turn, as HIV emerges as a formidable force, reshaping the focus of healthcare. "When HIV came into the field, then the focus also changed from reproductive health to HIV," Dr. Ahmed reveals, his words echoing the global shift in healthcare priorities. Bomu's response to the pandemic was marked by a series of collaborations that brought forth New York University's partnership and funding, elevating their HIV program.

Yet, Bomu's journey was far from linear. The challenge of addressing HIV went beyond medical boundaries. "We had culture, religion, tradition, stigma, society to face," Dr. Ahmed recounts, revealing the multifaceted battle that unfolded. But amidst the shadows of stigma, Bomu's commitment to care prevailed. The HIV program grew, fostering an environment where education and understanding triumphed over

ignorance.

As the years rolled on, Bomu's reach expanded beyond the boundaries of Mombasa. "In 2009, for the first time, we crossed the ferry," Dr. Ahmed's words reverberate with significance as the story journeys to new locations. Centers sprouted in Likoni, Mariakani, Timboni, Ukunda, and Old Town, each a testament to Bomu's enduring commitment to serving diverse communities.

The crescendo of the narrative arrives in 2011, as Bomu metamorphoses into a full-fledged hospital. "We upgraded ourselves," Dr. Ahmed's voice holds a sense of triumph, underscoring Bomu's relentless pursuit of excellence. From inpatient services to surgical units, Bomu Hospital emerged as a comprehensive healthcare institution.

As the story reaches its current chapter, Dr. Ahmed's words resonate with a sense of accomplishment. "Bomu has grown from that one two-roomed facility to what it is now," he states, his voice carrying the echoes of thousands of lives transformed by Bomu's unwavering commitment.

BOMU HOSPITAL'S ODYSSEY OF INNOVATION AND ACCESS

Dr. Ahmed's eyes gleam with pride as he takes us on a journey through innovation. "Yes, we

IT'S BOMU'S DREAM TO HAVE A BOMU ALONG THE COASTAL LINE IN EVERY SUBURB AND PERI-URBAN REGION.

LAMU COUNTY GOVERNOR ISSA TIMMAMY AND UMRA OMAR CUT RIBBON DURING A GROUNDBREAKING CEREMONY FOR CONSTRUCTION OF AN ULTRAMODERN HOSPITAL IN LAMU

have upgraded our surgical unit," he proclaims, his voice laced with the thrill of progress. The hospital's corridors now hum with the artistry of laparoscopic surgeries, a cutting-edge addition that stands as a testament to Bomu's unwavering commitment to advancement.

"We now provide laparoscopic services in our institution," Dr. Ahmed reveals, the words rich with triumph. The once-conventional theaters have evolved into theaters of innovation, where skilled hands wield precision instruments to usher in a new era of surgical excellence. "So that makes us very happy," he adds.

But the symphony of transformation doesn't end there. Dr. Ahmed's words weave a tapestry of expanded possibilities. "In addition to that, in our specialized clinics, we now have a psychiatrist, we have a psych, we have ENT specialists, and we have skin specialists as well who visit our hospital as consultants." The hospital's embrace now extends to encompass not just the physical ailments, but the intricate tapestry of the mind and soul, a testament to Bomu's dedication to holistic well-being.

A journey beyond the hospital's walls reveals a landscape rich with challenges and opportunities. "We have several healthcare issues," Dr. Ahmed's voice carries a weight of understanding, a reflection of the region's struggles. "Access to quality healthcare is still an issue," he states, his words echoing the reality faced by many. The road to wellbeing is often marked by hurdles, a journey Bomu Hospital is determined to navigate.

Dr. Ahmed's eyes light up with a dream, a vision of hope that stretches along the coastal line. "It's Bomu's dream to have a Bomu along the coastal line in every suburb and peri-urban region," he passionately declares. The dream is one of accessibility, of ensuring that no one is left behind in the pursuit of health and wellness. It's a dream born from a profound understanding of the limitations and challenges even the government faces in its quest to bring

healthcare to the grassroots.

BOMU HOSPITAL'S QUEST FOR ACCESS AND ADVOCACY

"I feel that's where the NGO sector would come in and partner with the government," Dr. Ahmed's voice is imbued with a sense of urgency, a call to arms to bridge the gaps that loom large. "Access to quality healthcare is a serious concern in our region," he confesses, a weighty truth that tugs at the reader's heartstrings. His gaze turns

threads through.

"The government is really doing its best in putting up dispensaries in many areas," Dr. Ahmed acknowledges, his words a nod to the efforts on the grand stage. Yet, in the coastal region, challenges persist like shadows cast by the sun. "Excess is an issue," he states, a truth that cannot be denied. But beyond the veil of excess lies a deeper struggle, one entrenched in stigma and silence. "Stigma, discrimination, and disclosure issues," he lists them with a sigh, a litany

to the women, the mothers burdened by preventable conditions, a poignant reminder of the journey still left to traverse.

The corridors of Bomu Hospital reverberate with stories of patients bearing burdens they shouldn't have to. "We have excess issues," Dr. Ahmed laments, his words echoing through the sterile halls. “The hospital's walls have witnessed the arrival of patients carrying the weight of advanced diseases, diseases that could have been intercepted, redirected, with earlier intervention,” the doctor's voice resonates with frustration, but beneath it, an undertone of determination

of barriers that keeps health conditions shrouded in secrecy.

The story takes a somber twist as Dr. Ahmed recounts the shades of the pandemic that enveloped the globe. "People did not want to disclose because they thought it was a crime to be infected with COVID," he reflects, his words a mirror to the universal hesitance that clouded a world gripped by uncertainty. The battle, it seems, is not just against diseases, but against the very misconceptions that render them taboo.

"From my angle, I see these two as a major challenge in terms of policies," Dr. Ahmed's words cut through the fog

of complexity, offering a stark evaluation of the landscape. Yet, amidst the challenges, glimmers of hope abound. He speaks of partnerships forged with local governments, of Mombasa's collective efforts to shape a healthier future. The inaugural Mombasa Health Research Conference stands as a testament to this commitment, a symposium where minds convened to unravel the enigma of better healthcare.

On the national stage, a grander vision emerges, one of universal healthcare etched into the very fabric of the nation's aspirations. "The government is also doing a fantastic job in trying to move on with the agenda of universal health care," Dr. Ahmed commends, his words infused with respect for the larger machinery at work. The canvas is vast, the landscape complex, but with the synergy of public and private sectors, of NGOs, and government, the dream of better healthcare is no longer an ethereal illusion, but a tangible reality on the horizon.

CHAMPIONS OF RESILIENCE

Bomu Hospital stands not just as a sanctuary of healing, but as a testament to the indomitable spirit that rises above challenges. Dr. Aabid Ahmed leads us through a chronicle of triumphs and acknowledgments, a tale that mirrors the hospital's ethos of resilience and innovation.

"We won a lifetime achievement award," Dr. Ahmed's voice is a blend of humility and pride, a melody that lingers in the air. His words unveil an accomplishment that echoes through the corridors of time, a Millennium Development Goal realized. It's a testament to Bomu Hospital's unwavering dedication, a symphony of purpose that strikes chords beyond medicine.

As the story unfolds, another accolade takes center stage – a PEPFAR hero award bestowed by the US ambassador. "Despite the lockdowns, despite the curfews," Dr. Ahmed recalls, his words painting a canvas of barriers that tested the hospital's resilience. But Bomu Hospital, true to its spirit, emerged not just unscathed, but as a beacon of hope. "Not a single HIV patient accessing care at Bomu missed their daily supply of drugs," he proudly asserts. It's a triumph of innovation, of swift action in the face of adversity.

Dr. Ahmed's words take on a fervent energy as he narrates how Bomu Hospital's team overcame these hurdles. "We came up with innovative ways," he states, the innovation itself a reflection of their commitment. The hospital's response was swift, its resolve unwavering, ensuring that every patient continued to receive the care they needed. "Not a single patient missed their medication," he proclaims, the words echoing with the impact of a victory cry.

The recognition by the US ambassador, the PEPFAR hero award, was more than just an accolade; it was a declaration of Bomu Hospital's frontline heroism. "He called us a 'hero'," Dr. Ahmed's voice holds a touch of reverence, a badge of honor earned through dedication and courage.

The story takes a surprising turn as Dr. Ahmed unveils another facet of Bomu Hospital's journey – recognition by the Kenya Revenue Authority. "We have been recognized as a master very diligent in meeting deadlines, in paying all the tax obligations in the country," he shares, the words a testament to the hospital's commitment not just to healthcare, but to every aspect of responsibility.

In the journey of recognition, Dr. Ahmed finds a profound truth – that acknowledgment doesn't merely bring joy; it ignites the spirit to achieve more. "A little bit of recognition by an independent body not only makes you happy, but it raises your morale," he reflects, his words echoing the power of external validation. The accolades, he explains, aren't just for him; they infuse the entire staff with renewed vigor. "It's very helpful to then take us to the next level."

TEAM FROM THE CENTRES FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION DURING A PAST VISIT TO BOMU HOSPITAL.

CHARTING TECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIERS: BOMU HOSPITAL'S ODYSSEY OF INNOVATION

"In Bomu, we ensure that we are at par, if not leading in technology," Dr. Ahmed's voice resonates with the enthusiasm of a pioneer. The hospital's journey into the digital realm is profound and far-reaching, with connectivity forming the very lifeblood of its operations. "All our sites, for example, are connected to our servers at the headquarters," he explains. It's a symphony of electronic harmony, where data flows seamlessly, shaping the very essence of patient care.

"We run an electronic medical record system," Dr. Ahmed's words paint a vivid picture of a paperless revolution. The hospital's records are no longer confined to physical pages; they reside in the ethereal embrace of technology. Yet, amidst the digital transformation, a commitment to privacy stands strong. "We run a health information system," he adds, highlighting the delicate balance between progress and protection. Every keystroke adheres to the Data Protection Act, safeguarding patient confidentiality in the digital age.

The hospital's digital canvas is vast, extending across branches and satellite units. "We can track what is happening in all our branches and all our satellite units with the click of a button," Dr. Ahmed's voice is laced with pride. It's a tapestry of technology that brings insights and empowerment, a testament to the role technology plays in shaping Bomu Hospital’s journey.

Embracing technology isn't just a trend for Bomu Hospital; it's an investment, a conscious choice to stride confidently into the future. "It's a huge investment that we have to make time and again to upgrade ourselves," Dr. Ahmed acknowledges. Yet, in the same breath, he underscores the wisdom behind this investment. It's an investment that yields dividends of efficiency, insight, and the ability to adapt to the winds of change.

The story takes an intriguing turn as Dr. Ahmed delves into "disruptive technologies." His tone shifts, embracing a nuanced perspective. "There are some technologies that may seem not conducive to the industry, but they're helpful," he states, challenging conventional notions. He cites the example of COVID-19 testing – a technology that transformed the landscape of healthcare, changing p erceptions and lives. "Now even for HIV, there is self-testing for HIV," he adds, underscoring the breadth of technology's impact.

The crux lies in purpose and direction. "The important thing is to make sure that technology is used in the right direction," Dr. Ahmed asserts, a clarion call for responsible innovation. In his eyes, technology isn't just a tool; it's a catalyst for progress. "It is used for a meaningful purpose," he emphasizes, "and it is used to have a positive impact in decision making." It's a philosophy that shapes Bomu Hospital's approach, where every

technological stride is a step toward a brighter future.

BEYOND BORDERS: BOMU HOSPITAL'S VISION OF IMPACT AND EMPOWERMENT

"What are some of the key focus areas of investment and focus on business in the next five years?" The question, like a thread, invites Dr. Ahmed to unravel his vision. His response is swift, firm, and sets the tone for the journey ahead. "One, I wouldn't call it a business," he clarifies, his words a declaration of purpose. "We are not in the business. We are a non-governmental organization." Bomu Hospital's soul is shaped by more than profit margins; it's shaped by a mission to heal, uplift, and transform.

"The focus is to try and replicate Bomu philosophy along the entire coastline," Dr. Ahmed's voice carries the weight of intention, a vision that goes beyond bricks and mortar. With a sweeping gesture of purpose, he extends that

vision further, where the coastal region is not just a boundary, but a stepping stone. "Our focus remains on the suburban, the peri-urban regions where the large cohort of our patients come from." It's a statement of commitment to the heart of the community, to the people who depend on Bomu's embrace.

Dr. Ahmed's vision extends beyond healthcare's traditional boundaries, weaving a narrative of empowerment through education. "At the same time, we want to think beyond healthcare and link it, of course, to healthcare. But look at training, because we feel that there is another gap in healthcare training." His words are laden with wisdom, a recognition of the need to create pathways for the future. It's a vision that shatters the narrow confines of the hospital walls, expanding into a realm where knowledge and skills flourish.

The story takes a tangible form as Dr. Ahmed paints a picture of the next five years. "One of our ideas in the next five years is to move towards training," he reveals, a beacon of innovation. The idea unfurls like a tapestry of possibility, where a technical training institute emerges as a hub of transformation. "We can provide basic

healthcare training," he envisions, the walls of Bomu's centers resonating with the voices of learners, the corridors filled with the echoes of skill-building.

Sustainability, too, is a cornerstone of Bomu's journey. "Of course, overall, at the back of the mind, the idea still remains that Bomu needs to be sustainable," Dr. Ahmed affirms, his words echoing the delicate dance between purpose and pragmatism. It's a dance where financial stability converges with unwavering care, a balance that ensures the continuity of their mission.

In Dr. Ahmed's eyes, the horizon is painted with more than just medical personnel. "We need to train people into the medical field," he asserts, his words rich with inclusivity. It's a field that extends beyond doctors and nurses, encompassing an array of vital roles. "Auxiliary services, physiotherapists, counselors, psychologists, nutritionists," he enumerates, each role a building block in the edifice of holistic care.

HARMONIZING HEALTHCARE: DR. AABID AHMED'S VISION OF HOLISTIC HEALING

"As a leader in the healthcare sector, what would you say about Kenya's healthcare system?"

BOMU HOSPITAL'S PHARMACY

The question, like a portal, opens a doorway to Dr. Ahmed's perspective. His voice resonates with satisfaction, a reflection of the strides taken on the path to better healthcare. "We have been focusing in the past on curative services," he notes, a nod to the historical narrative. But the landscape has shifted, and with it, the very philosophy that underpins care. "I'm very happy to see that we are now trying to understand prevention," he asserts, his words a tribute to a timeless adage – 'prevention is better than cure.'

Dr. Ahmed's tone carries a resonance of hope as he elaborates on this transformation. "We are taking it seriously," he enthuses, the excitement palpable in his words. The lens has shifted, and prevention has emerged from the shadows, basking in a newfound spotlight. "A lot of focus and energy and resources are being invested in a preventive model," he adds, painting a picture of a healthcare system that is embracing a comprehensive approach.

Yet, curative services still hold their place. "Of course, the curative services are there," Dr. Ahmed acknowledges, his words a testament to the duality that defines healthcare. But the conversation takes a poignant turn as he highlights a facet that often remained in the shadows. "I'm happy to see a focus on palliative care services and end-of-life care services," he says, his voice softening with sincerity. It's a recognition that extends beyond physical healing, encompassing the entirety of a patient's journey.

Dr. Ahmed's narrative flows like a river, touching upon a vision that completes the mosaic of healthcare. "I'm happy to see the direction that we are taking, both in terms of preventive services and in terms of palliative care services," he states, his words a declaration of a comprehensive, holistic model that Bomu Hospital is championing. It's a model that defines healthcare not merely as the absence of disease, but as the embodiment of well-being, from prevention to palliation.

The conversation shifts, delving into the complex question of affordability. Dr. Ahmed navigates this intricate terrain with wisdom and candor. "Quality comes with a cost," he admits, his words a reflection of the reality that healthcare, at its core, is a delicate balance between resources and outcomes.

He presents a vision that goes beyond individual entities, focusing on collaboration. "I feel public-private partnerships are the way to go forward," he states, his words like a bridge connecting sectors. "We need to join hands, not as competitors, but as collaborators," he emphasizes, a clarion call for unity in the pursuit of a shared goal.

BOMU HOSPITAL'S UNWAVERING RESOLVE

"So, for an institution such as ours, the major challenge is funding," Dr. Ahmed's voice carries a weight of reality, a truth that resonates in every corner of the healthcare landscape. The philosophy it embraces, the model it champions, is built on pillars that demand resources. "People tend to like the philosophy and the model that we run with," he acknowledges, a testament to the impact of their approach. But as Dr. Ahmed unearths, the path to success isn't a solitary road; it's a journey

paved with financial challenges.

The hospital's heartbeat is its staff – the doctors and nurses who form the backbone of care. "You need to pay your doctors, you need to pay your nurses," Dr. Ahmed's words highlight a fundamental truth – that healthcare is built on the shoulders of those who provide it. But in a world where quality care is a benchmark, salaries, and standards can't waver. "You need to be at a level where you do not lower the set salary guidelines," he asserts.

As the story unfolds, the narrative reveals a paradox.

NGOs, like Bomu Hospital, stand on the frontline of care, yet they're not given a special pass when it comes to the costs involved. "There’s no special priority that NGOs would get in terms of the cost of providing healthcare," Dr. Ahmed explains, underscoring the challenge they face in maintaining quality without compromising on costs. It's a delicate balance that requires constant vigilance.

"Our struggle would be to make sure that we try not to turn anyone away," Dr. Ahmed's words are steeped in determination, a promise etched in their ethos. But this promise, this commitment to care, isn't without its costs. "At the same time, provide the quality that private hospitals provide," he adds, his words echoing the high standards Bomu Hospital upholds. The dichotomy is clear – quality care comes with financial implications.

Yet, amidst the financial maze, Bomu Hospital remains resolute. "For us to continuously look for funding is a challenge," Dr. Ahmed concedes, his voice a blend of realism and optimism. The cycle of securing funds isn't just a one-time task; it's a relentless pursuit, an unending quest to keep the doors of care open. But in that pursuit, there's an unwavering commitment to their mission, a commitment that transforms every financial challenge into an opportunity to make a difference. A commitment to Hayati Anjarwalla's dream!

I'M HAPPY TO SEE THE DIRECTION THAT WE ARE TAKING, BOTH IN TERMS OF PREVENTIVE SERVICES AND IN TERMS OF PALLIATIVE CARE SERVICES.

MEDICAL AND DENTAL CONSULTANTS ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA (MDCAN)

Illuminating MDCAN's role and transformative journey in uplifting Nigeria’s healthcare standards

Embarking on a journey through the intricate corridors of Dr. Makanjuola's life, we uncover a remarkable journey that traces his path from a medical student to the apex of the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria (MDCAN). Guided by unwavering determination and the power of a visionary drive, he emerges as a beacon of transformation. With expertise rooted in psychiatry, his impact resonates across the walls of hospitals and the platforms of academia, healing not only minds but also the fabric of the medical fraternity itself.

Dr. Makanjuola's connection with MDCAN was destined to shape his professional narrative profoundly. "I actively chose to engage with the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria," he asserts. This association, a bulwark for the rights of medical and dental professionals across the nation, became the canvas upon which he painted his aspirations.

For him, ascending the ranks within MDCAN and achieving specialist status was more than accolades; they epitomized a lifelong dedication to his craft. "Attaining specialist status holds global significance for doctors," he notes, emphasizing how the journey from medical school to specialization weaves the story of every medical professional.

"In the realm of medical politics, particularly in Nigeria, assuming the presidency of MDCAN holds unparalleled importance," he declares with resolute conviction. "It stands as the ultimate aspiration for specialists in the country." His rise

to the esteemed position of MDCAN's President signifies not just a personal triumph, but a testament to his dedication, expertise, and the trust of his peers.

In his own words, Dr. Victor Makanjuola encapsulates this chapter of his life as an era of leadership and mentorship. "I take pride in having achieved this goal," he asserts, the weight of his responsibilities infusing his words. Steering an association that champions medical and dental consultants' cause across Nigeria, his tenure as President is defined by a desire to inspire, reform, and drive progress.

CHAMPIONS OF CARE: MDCAN AND THE QUEST FOR EXCELLENCE IN NIGERIAN HEALTHCARE

"In Nigeria, our purpose transcends mere healthcare—it's about upholding and enhancing the very fabric of our medical realm," declares Dr. Makanjuola, his words embodying a solemn promise. He speaks not for himself alone, but as the voice of a coalition of medical leaders committed to a sacred duty—a duty to their nation and its people.

"At the core of our mission lies a dedication to engaging in dialogues that illuminate the health challenges our nation confronts," he continues. With each utterance, he unveils the heartbeat of MDCAN—an entity devoted to steering the healthcare narrative towards brighter horizons. During critical junctures, like the unrelenting COVID-19 pandemic, they do not merely observe from the sidelines; they plunge into the midst of

By LORRAINE ABWAO

the struggle.

"We convene meetings to dissect pressing issues," he states, urgency etched onto his countenance. The room where these discussions unfold becomes an alchemical vessel of ideas, a crucible where the proficiency of medical leaders blends with compassion to formulate solutions. The outcome: pronouncements that echo with the wisdom of countless doctors, every word striving to direct the government towards policies that genuinely confront the challenges besieging the healthcare sector.

"Medical education is our guiding star," Dr. Makanjuola asserts. It encompasses more

than just treating patients—it encompasses nurturing the upcoming generation of healers. Numerous members of MDCAN are educators, entrusted with molding the medical intellects destined to steer Nigeria's healthcare future. They toil relentlessly to ensure that the flame of knowledge burns ever brighter, introducing

inventive concepts that breathe fresh vitality into medical training.

Nevertheless, amidst their herculean exertions, Dr. Makanjuola acknowledges the battle being fought on another front—the wellbeing of their members. "Our members grapple with a distinctive challenge within a developing nation," he reveals, his apprehension palpable.

As developed countries dangle enticing enticements of better remuneration and enhanced working conditions, MDCAN emerges as a bulwark against such allure. They champion without rest, urging the government to recognize the commitment of these healers and to invest in their welfare.

And the vigor of their purpose does not exist in isolation. "We embark on this journey together," Dr. Makanjuola underscores. MDCAN stands shoulder to shoulder with other organizations that share their aspirations.

MDCAN’S QUEST FOR MEDICAL EXCELLENCE AND INTEGRITY

"In Nigerian medicine, the code of Medical ethics finds its haven under the watchful eye of another association organization," Dr. Makanjuola reveals.

DR. VICTOR MAKANJUOLA, THE PRESIDENT OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL CONSULTANTS ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA.

ASSOCIATION FOCUS: MDCAN

WE, BEING THE TOP ECHELON OF MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS IN NIGERIA, ARE EQUALLY INVESTED IN THE REALM OF MEDICAL ETHICS AND CODES.

The Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDC), a governmental agency, assumes the mantle of regulating the ethical conduct of medical professionals—a task of monumental significance that cannot be underestimated.

A seasoned professional himself, Dr. Makanjuola emphasizes the role of the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria (MDCAN) in upholding the highest standards of ethical conduct. "We, being the top echelon of medical practitioners in Nigeria, are equally invested in the realm of medical ethics and codes," he explains. The weight of their position demands nothing less than excellence, and they strive to be the torchbearers of ethical practice, illuminating the path for others to follow.

"At the forefront of our mission is the promotion of ethical practices and the epitome of medical ethics in Nigeria," he affirms. It's a call to action that resonates deeply, a testament to the unrelenting commitment of Dr. Makanjuola and his colleagues to ensure that the practice of medicine remains a sanctuary of compassion, dignity, and trust.

Yet, as the captain of the ship, Dr. Makanjuola acknowledges the delicate balance that must be maintained. "Our intention is not to encroach upon the territory of the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria," he clarifies. "We support the MDCN "

The support MDCAN provides is anything but trivial. "We actively support them in delivering their duties," Dr. Makanjuola states with a sense of camaraderie. It's a partnership rooted in a shared goal—to safeguard the ethical fabric of the medical profession. It's about creating a harmonious symphony where each entity plays its distinct role to perfection, resulting in the masterpiece of medical practice that the nation deserves.

MDCAN’S VISION TO CURB BRAIN DRAIN IN NIGERIA

With an unwavering gaze and a voice that resonates with conviction, Dr. Victor Makanjuola addresses a pressing concern that has plagued the nation's medical landscape: the relentless exodus of skilled doctors and nurses, often referred to as the ominous "brain drain."

"Presently, our organization is actively addressing a significant challenge that has become increasingly prevalent: the issue of brain drain," he begins. "This pertains to the migration of specialized doctors and nurses from Nigeria to developed countries, leading to a shortage of

skilled medical professionals in our own nation."

As the President of the MDCAN, Dr. Makanjuola spearheads a movement that seeks to reverse the tide of brain drain and ensure the vitality of the healthcare system. He shares, "To tackle this crisis, we have engaged in various initiatives and advocacy efforts."

His vision takes the form of carefully crafted proposals, each a piece of the intricate puzzle to rebuild Nigeria's medical landscape. "We have formulated position papers outlining recommendations for the government to consider," he elaborates. "These suggestions are aimed at curbing the brain drain phenomenon and ensuring the sustainability of the healthcare system."

"One key proposal that has gained traction is the 'one for one' policy," he explains. "This policy suggests that for every doctor or nurse who leaves the country, an immediate replacement of equal expertise and qualification should be hired to maintain seamless service delivery and uninterrupted medical education."

But progress often requires patience, and Dr. Makanjuola is no stranger to the convoluted corridors of bureaucracy. "While the government has acknowledged this policy, its execution has not been as swift as desired," he admits. "We are actively engaging with the government to ensure the effective implementation of this policy."

With the tenacity of a lion, Dr. Makanjuola

FRONT VIEW OF MDCAN'S HEADQUATERS IN IBADAN

MEDICAL STUDENTS AT THE UNIVESRITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL

marches forward, unwrapping another proposal that holds the potential to redefine Nigeria's healthcare landscape. "Another proposal we have put forth involves extending the retirement age of medical professionals," he shares. His words paint a picture of wisdom preserved and experience cherished. "To retain experience and expertise within the country, we advocate for raising the retirement age from 60 to 70, particularly for consultants and senior medical practitioners. By doing so, we aim to preserve the workforce and be able to train younger professionals who are just coming into the workforce thus ameliorating the impact of other younger ones leaving the country."

The challenge is multifaceted, and Dr. Makanjuola's approach is nothing short of comprehensive. "Furthermore, we have advocated for an increase in the remuneration of medical professionals, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and others," he proclaims. "Improved compensation is crucial to motivate healthcare workers to stay and contribute to the Nigerian healthcare system. Our efforts encompass a holistic approach that considers the entire medical ecosystem."

Dr. Makanjuola's endeavors, however, are not confined to the present. His legacy is a tapestry woven from the threads of past triumphs. "In the past, our organization has tackled various challenges in the healthcare sector," he recalls. "Notably, we lobbied the National Assembly to pass legislation aimed at securing sustainable funding for tertiary hospitals."

The road to change is paved with obstacles, and Dr. Makanjuola acknowledges the uphill battle. "Although progress was made when the bill was passed by the Senate, it encountered obstacles in the House of Representatives," he reveals. "However, we remain committed

to advancing this cause and continue to work toward its realization."

ARCHITECTS OF CHANGE: MDCAN’S BATTLE TO SECURE FUNDING FOR NIGERIA'S TERTIARY HOSPITALS

"The initiative to draft the bill for funding tertiary hospitals originated within our association approximately eight to ten years ago," Dr. Makanjuola shares. "A small group of us collaborated to rapidly create an initial

THE BILL PROPOSED THAT 1% OF THE PROFIT TAX GENERATED BY COMPANIES, PARTICULARLY THOSE ENGAGED IN MEDICAL SUPPLIES, MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, AND MEDICAL CONSTRUCTION, BE DIRECTED TOWARDS FUNDING THE HOSPITALS.

draft of the bill. The primary objective was to establish a comprehensive funding framework for all teaching and tertiary hospitals under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government in Nigeria."

This was no ordinary endeavor; it was a monumental quest to secure a stable and sustainable lifeline for the very institutions that held the health and hope of millions. "The essence of the bill was to provide a stable and sustainable source of funding for these vital healthcare institutions," Dr. Makanjuola elucidates. "Our approach involved identifying potential funding sources to ensure the effective operation of these hospitals."

With a clarity of purpose that comes only from unwavering dedication, Dr. Makanjuola unveils a masterstroke—a daring proposal that had the power to redefine the financial landscape of healthcare. "The bill proposed that 1% of the profit tax generated by companies, particularly those engaged in medical supplies, medical equipment, and medical construction, be directed towards funding the hospitals."

But his visionary plan did not rest on a single pillar. "In addition to this, the bill considered

alternative sources of funding such as taxes on harmful products like sugar and tobacco," he reveals. "With the intention of redirecting the revenue generated from these sources towards healthcare."

The journey through the tortuous halls of governance was far from easy, yet MDCAN’s leaderships’ (past and present) commitment and the power of vision propelled the bill's progress. "The bill successfully passed through the senior legislative council and received approval," he recounts. "Largely due to the diligent efforts of an active senator, Dr. Ibrahim Yahaya Oloriegbe, who was also the chairman of the senate’s committee on health within the National Assembly."

A triumph in the Senate—a milestone that would shape history. "This accomplishment was a significant milestone as it demonstrated the legislative body's recognition of the importance of funding for healthcare institutions."

Yet, as with any epic saga, challenges remained. "However, the momentum and success achieved in the Senate did not translate to the lower house," he admits. "Known as the House of Representatives, this is the aspect of the legislative process that we are currently engaged with and intend to address in the upcoming months."

With a heart aflame with purpose and a spirit unyielding, Dr. Makanjuola's gaze is fixed on the horizon. "Our efforts will focus on advocating for the bill's passage through the House of Representatives," he declares, the promise of change carried in his words. "Aiming to replicate the success experienced in the Senate."

BRIDGING THE GAP: CHAMPIONING FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE COVERAGE

In the realm of healthcare transformation, aspirations converge with practicality, forming a bridge toward a profound goal—universal healthcare coverage. Dr. Makanjuola's resounding declaration resonates: "One of our primary objectives is to achieve universal healthcare coverage in Nigeria. This profound vision transcends financial barriers, aiming to ensure that every Nigerian gains access to healthcare, regardless of their economic standing.”

But as dreams are often tethered to the pragmatic, Dr. Makanjuola delves into the heart of the matter. "However, this vision requires a sustainable funding mechanism, and that's where health insurance comes into play," he shares, unraveling a critical piece of the puzzle. "Currently, the rate of health insurance coverage

in Nigeria is quite low, with only around 5% of the population having some form of health insurance."

Amid this dynamic interplay of purpose and action, Dr. Makanjuola chronicles steps taken to bridge this disparity. "Recognizing this challenge, our association has taken proactive steps to address the issue," he reveals. "Leveraging our strengths, such as having members across all states of the Federation and in every tertiary institution, we have established a Health Management Organization (HMO)."

This HMO orchestrates a symphony of harmony between healthcare seekers and providers. "The role of this HMO is to serve as an intermediary between individuals seeking healthcare and the healthcare providers," he explains, unveiling its essence. "Its primary function is to ensure a transparent and mutually beneficial relationship between both parties: patients receive quality care, and care providers are adequately compensated."

Transparency emerges as a cornerstone of this vision. "We've observed that some of the current players in the healthcare system lack transparency in their operations," he concedes, an impassioned call for change. "Even with transparency, coverage remains limited."

But winds of change are blowing, and Dr. Makanjuola points to a turning point on the horizon. "As luck would have it, the government shares our goal of increasing healthcare insurance availability for Nigerians," he reveals. "A significant step in this direction was taken last year when the president signed a bill making it mandatory for Nigerians to have some form of health insurance coverage."

In this legislative wave of transformation, the potential for progress is profound. "This legislative move is expected to lead to a substantial increase

in coverage, potentially from the current 5% to as high as 80-90% of the population," he envisions a glimpse of a transformative future.

In this symphony of change, a new instrument enters the scene. “To support this initiative, our organization has established a health management company called ‘HEALTHNOMICS'" he announces, the birth of a catalyst for transformation.

"With strategic placement within the healthcare ecosystem, HEALTHNOMICS is

MDCAN'S LEADERSHIP DURING A PAST CONFERENCE IN BENIN CITY.

CONSIDERING THE RECENT DEPARTURE OF MANY PROFESSIONALS, INCLUDING DOCTORS AND OTHER HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS, THE SHORTAGE HAS BECOME EVEN MORE ACUTE.

poised to manage the relationship between individuals in need of healthcare and the various care providers," he elaborates.

But the crescendo of progress is yet to reach its peak. "Our next crucial step is to secure accreditation from the National Health Insurance Organization for HEALTHNOMICS," he reveals, the future painted with promise. "We anticipate this accreditation to be granted in the near future, bolstered by the political will to ensure the success of this important initiative."

With the curtain drawing on this chapter of change, Dr. Victor Makanjuola's voice resounds, a testament to a journey that inches closer to a grand vision. "This effort represents a significant stride toward achieving our goal of universal healthcare coverage in Nigeria," he concludes.

GUARDIANS OF HEALING: MDCAN’S FIGHT FOR DOCTORS' RIGHTS

In the intricate tapestry of Nigeria’s healthcare landscape, an unsettling trend has emerged—one that has caught the attention of Dr. Makanjuola and the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria (MDCAN). "Within our existing healthcare system, there has been a noticeable increase in the frequency of lawsuits against doctors," he states, his words a somber reflection of a harsh reality. “These lawsuits, often alleging negligence or misconduct, can stem from genuine concerns as well as misconceptions or misinformation."

In a world where the line between perception and reality

can blur, Dr. Makanjuola unravels a narrative that speaks to the heart of doctors' struggles. "Regardless of the validity of the claims," he continues, "these lawsuits not only impact doctors' professional reputation but also have financial implications. Legal proceedings and associated costs can be burdensome for doctors who need to defend themselves."

But in the face of adversity, a phoenix rises—a vision that seeks to shield the healers from the storm. "In response to this challenge, our association is actively working to establish an organization dedicated to defending doctors when such cases arise," he declares. "The primary aim of this organization is to address cases of alleged negligence or misconduct in a fair and efficient manner."

This endeavor is a symphony of compassion and practicality, as Dr. Makanjuola sheds light on a path that could redefine justice. "It will seek to resolve issues out of court whenever possible," he shares in a tone resonating with a sense of humanity. "Avoiding protracted legal battles that can be emotionally and financially draining for both doctors and patients," he adds.

With each sentence, the story weaves intricate threads of support, forging an alliance between doctors and a just cause. "Moreover, in situations where legal action becomes necessary," he emphasizes, his words imbued with resolve, "this organization will provide financial support to cover the costs of legal representation."

It's a lifeline, a bridge between the oath of healing and the pursuit of truth—a promise to stand by those who stand by life. "By doing so, we hope to alleviate some of the burdens that doctors currently face when defending themselves against lawsuits."

In the heart of his narrative lies a testament to a greater vision—a vision that goes beyond defense and delves into the heart of healing. "In essence, the goal of this initiative is to provide doctors with a more supportive environment in the face of legal challenges," he declares. "Ensuring that they can focus on their medical practice without the added stress and financial strain caused by legal proceedings."

Through this initiative, the heartbeat of medicine pulses with resilience, and the spirit of justice becomes an ally, not an adversary. "By establishing this organization," he says, "we aspire to create a system that benefits both medical professionals and patients, promoting fair resolutions and maintaining the quality of healthcare services."

BRIDGING THE HEALTHCARE DIVIDE: MDCAN’S BATTLE FOR A FULLER FLOCK OF HEALERS

"There is a significant healthcare workforce shortage in Nigeria," Dr. Makanjuola says, depicting the weight of a nation's need. "It has been exacerbated by recent events." The stage is set—a stage that will bear witness to a story of supply and demand, of doctors and destiny.

In the corridors of numbers, Dr. Makanjuola unveils a stark reality—"Even before the recent exodus of professionals in the last three to four years," he states, his words etching the

contours of scarcity, "the doctor-topopulation ratio in Nigeria was around 1 doctor for every 4,000 people." This ratio, he points out, falls far short of the recommended standard—a deficiency that demands attention.

He sets the scene—painting the portrait of an equation unbalanced, a divide that stretches between health and illness. "This ratio is well below the recommended standard, which is about 1 doctor for every 600 people," he explains. "This indicates that even prior to the exodus, there was a notable scarcity of healthcare professionals in relation to the population."

stark, the gap undeniable. "This is grossly inadequate for meeting the healthcare needs of the population effectively."

Yet, in this tale of scarcity, it's not just doctors who are the protagonists—other healers, nurses, and specialists, also take center stage. "It's not just doctors who are affected by this shortage," Dr. Makanjuola underlines, his words a call to attention, "other healthcare professionals, including nurses and specialists, are also impacted."

The narrative crescendos—a cacophony of unmet needs. "The exodus of these professionals has created a considerable gap in the healthcare

united action. "It requires concerted efforts," he emphasizes, "to retain professionals within the country and to attract those who have left to return."

MDCAN’S ODYSSEY TO FORTIFY NIGERIA’S MEDICAL FRONTLINE

"To address the pressing issue of brain drain and the shortage of medical professionals in Nigeria, the association took proactive steps," the distinguished doctor unveils. The spotlight shifts to an organization in motion—an organization that doesn't just acknowledge challenges but dares to face them head-on.

The narrative pivots to an Educational Summit—a gathering of minds, a confluence of ideas. "The summit yielded several resolutions and recommendations," he reveals, "aimed at increasing the pool of medical professionals in Nigeria."

Here, the stage is set for transformation—transformation not just in quantity, but in approach. "One key suggestion," Dr. Makanjuola continues, "is the implementation of conversion programs for individuals who already hold first degrees in biomedical sciences."

In the landscape of possibilities, he unveils a strategy that redefines time. "These individuals could undergo an accelerated medical training program," he explains, his words like a river of innovation, "that is shorter than the conventional six-year duration, thus enabling them to become doctors in a shorter time frame."

As the narrative unfolds, Dr. Makanjuola unveils a shadow cast by recent history—"Considering the recent departure of many professionals, including doctors and other healthcare practitioners, the shortage has become even more acute," he reveals.

The numbers change, the equation tilting—"The current doctor-topopulation ratio is estimated to be around 1 doctor for every 8,000 to 10,000 people," he states, the reality

system," he states, the magnitude of the problem echoing in his voice, "leading to challenges in providing timely and quality healthcare services to the population."

"Addressing this healthcare workforce shortage is crucial for ensuring that Nigerians have access to the medical care they need," he declares, his words a clarion call.

But the solution is not simple—it's a multifaceted challenge that requires

The narrative takes another turn, another strategy emerging from the canvas of ideas. "Another strategy proposed involves expanding the intake capacity of existing medical schools," he shares. But here, the complexity is acknowledged—expansion tied to infrastructure. "However, this expansion is contingent upon ensuring suitable accommodation for students," Dr. Makanjuola emphasizes, "as medical education often involves demanding and extended hours of study."

Yet, amidst the challenges, there's a glimmer of progress—a nod to governmental initiatives. "The

government has also played a role in addressing the shortage by establishing new medical schools across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria," he acknowledges.

As the story unfolds, the strategy becomes clear—an orchestra of engagement and collaboration. "The recommendations from the Educational Summit continue to guide the association's efforts to collaborate with key stakeholders," he declares, his words a testament to unity and shared purpose.

"By maintaining these engagements and advocating for the implementation of the summit's recommendations," Dr. Makanjuola states, his voice a pulse of hope, "the association aims to significantly increase the number of medical graduates produced by Nigerian institutions."

THE JOURNEY TOWARDS TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION AND GLOBAL COLLABORATION

Dr. Makanjuola unveiled an ambitious and transformative vision that is set to reshape the landscape of healthcare and medical education in Nigeria. The renowned doctor, speaking on behalf of the medical association, shed light on a series of revolutionary initiatives poised to catapult Nigerian healthcare into the realm of cuttingedge technology and international collaboration.

At the heart of this evolution is the integration

of technology, with telemedicine and video consultations emerging as central components. Dr. Makanjuola revealed that the medical association has embarked on an unprecedented journey to incorporate these advancements into its services. Notably, the organization's national executive committee meetings have seen the convergence of experts and tech companies, engaging in captivating discussions to craft a new era of medical consultations and education.

The path to this technological horizon, however, hasn't been devoid of challenges. Dr. Makanjuola highlighted the absence of clear national guidelines and policies as a significant hurdle. Undeterred, the association acknowledges the vital importance of establishing a policy framework that will safeguard the responsible and effective utilization of these emerging technologies.

"While the desire to embrace innovation is strong, the association remains cautious about endorsing specific apps or solutions without proper guidelines," Dr. Makanjuola stated. This sentiment emanates from the prevailing lack of a national standard for navigating these groundbreaking technological leaps.

A beacon of hope shines in the form of collaborative efforts between the medical association and the Ministry of Health. Dr. Makanjuola emphasized that this partnership

MDCAN'S LEADERSHIP AT A PAST EVENT IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOPSITAL-A TERTIARY LEARNING INSTITUITION FOR CHURNING OUT MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS .

aims to craft comprehensive guidelines for the utilization of telemedicine and other tech solutions. “These guidelines are projected to provide healthcare professionals with a structured approach, upholding quality, ethics, and patient safety,” he notes.

In this era of interconnectivity, education too has embarked on a transformational journey. The medical association, in collaboration with stakeholders in medical education, envisions a platform that bridges the gap between doctors who have left the country and the burgeoning medical talent within Nigeria. Dr. Makanjuola passionately discussed this initiative, highlighting its potential to tap into the wealth of knowledge and experience possessed by doctors abroad.

"The goal is to enable doctors abroad to engage in teaching and training activities remotely, facilitated by platforms like Zoom and Google Meet," Dr. Makanjuola shared. This innovative approach seeks to leverage the expertise of international medical professionals, enriching the educational experience of medical students and residents within Nigeria.

While steering this visionary course, the medical association remains acutely aware of the need for balance. Dr. Makanjuola empathetically acknowledged potential concerns from doctors within the country, underscoring the importance

of managing the relationship with sensitivity.

"The ultimate aim," Dr. Makanjuola affirmed, "is to elevate the standard of medical education by harmonizing the expertise of local and international medical professionals." This approach, seen as pivotal for sustaining the quality of medical education and ensuring the finest training for students, is undoubtedly poised to cement Nigeria's position as a global frontrunner in healthcare and medical education.

CHARTING THE COURSE THROUGH LEGAL LANDSCAPES FOR HEALTHCARE EXCELLENCE

In a world where healthcare touches every facet of human existence, the legal frameworks that underpin its operation are nothing short of pivotal. The narrative opens with a declaration—a declaration that sets the tone for a journey into the heart of healthcare legislation. "It's important to address any legislation that could impact the healthcare sector, professionals, and the overall healthcare system," Dr. Makanjuola states, his voice carrying the weight of conviction.

The stage shifts and the spotlight turns to a proposed law—an idea that sparks concern, an idea that Dr. Makanjuola confronts head-on. "The proposed law that aims to restrict doctors from traveling abroad after graduating and binding

MDCAN MEMBERS POSE FOR A PHOTO AT THE SECRETARIAT IN A PAST GATHERING.

them for a certain period is a concerning issue," he reveals.

With every sentence, the narrative expands—unveiling the repercussions of such measures. "Such measures could have adverse effects on fundamental human rights, labor laws, and professional mobility," he asserts, the stage now set for a battle that transcends borders. The reader becomes an observer, a witness to a fight for ethical boundaries.

The tone shifts, and the narrative embraces a note of optimism. "On a positive note," Dr. Makanjuola interjects, the rhythm changes, "the signing of the National Health Insurance Act and the provisions within it, such as mandatory health insurance for all Nigerians, is a significant step forward."

Here, the tale touches on progress—a progress that promises improved access and protection. "This can potentially improve access to healthcare services and provide financial protection for vulnerable populations," he explains.

But the journey is far from linear—there are challenges and provisions that hold promises yet to be realized. "The National Health Act of 2014," he continues, a different chapter of the story opening, "which includes provisions for basic healthcare funding and emergency care, also holds promise for enhancing healthcare delivery."

Yet, with every promise, there's a responsibility—an obligation to ensure operationalization, to turn words into actions. "Ensuring the operationalization of these provisions nationwide," he emphasizes, "is essential to provide timely and quality healthcare services to individuals in need, particularly during emergencies."

As the narrative unfolds, the threads of advocacy and change interweave. "Collaboration between the government, healthcare professionals, and other stakeholders," he concludes, his words a symphony of unity, "is vital to address these legal matters and ensure that healthcare policies and regulations are in line with international standards, human rights, and the overall well-being of both healthcare professionals and the population they serve."

MDCAN’S BLUEPRINT FOR AN ORGANIZED ASSOCIATION

In the ever-evolving landscape of professional organizations, the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria (MDCAN) stands as a shining example of structured governance and graceful succession. This narrative unfolds the blueprint that MDCAN employs to foster unity, discipline, and sustained progress through its strategic approach to tenure and leadership transitions.

"Tenure and Term Limit," Dr. Makanjuola states. "Each tenure within our association lasts for a duration of two years." His words paint a picture of fleeting time, a choreographed interplay of transition within the corridors of power. "According to our constitutional provisions," he continues, "no individual is allowed to run for a second term in the same position immediately after their first term."

The result is a meticulous choreography of leadership, designed to ensure a perpetually changing tableau of

perspectives and voices. This dance of democracy forms a cornerstone that reinforces the vitality and vibrancy of the executive body.

It's a dance of democracy—an intricate choreography that ensures a continuum of perspectives and voices. "This rule ensures a turnover of leadership and the involvement of fresh perspectives in the executive body," Dr. Makanjuola adds.

As the layers of governance unfold, he unveils the threads that tie leaders to the legacy they leave behind. "Limitation on Running for the Same Position," he adds. "Members of the National Officers Committee (NOC) are generally not allowed to run for the same position they currently hold in the next executive body."

Yet, within this arrangement, there are exceptions—two roles that bridge the past and the present. "This rule applies to most positions except for two: the President and the SecretaryGeneral," he clarifies. “These two keystones of the association allowed to run for another term as ex-officio members in the next executive."

But what of the future? Here, Dr. Makanjuola unveils a bridge—a bridge that extends from one leadership cycle to the next. "Continuity and Institutional Memory," he states, his words bearing a sense of purpose. "To provide continuity and institutional memory, the First Vice President (President-Elect) is also included in the next executive body. This individual is poised to become the President after the current term ends."

With every revelation, the tapestry takes shape—a mosaic of rules that guide the election process. "Election Process," he narrates, a roadmap unfolding. "New members of the National Officers Committee are elected from the chapters." The scene is set—chapters, each a node in a network of influence and change.

The rhythm of change continues, as he introduces "Zoning of Positions." This is a symphony of strategy—a melody that harmonizes leadership and geography. "To streamline the election process and reduce potential conflicts," he explains, "certain positions are zoned to specific regions of the country."

The picture is clear—a methodical procession towards a

ACCORDING TO OUR CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS, NO INDIVIDUAL IS ALLOWED TO RUN FOR A SECOND TERM IN THE SAME POSITION IMMEDIATELY AFTER THEIR FIRST TERM.

future shaped by organized leadership. "This structured process contributes to a smoother and more organized electioneering process. It enables the association to maintain continuity while allowing new members to take on leadership roles and contribute their perspectives.”

WEAVING GLOBAL THREADS

"We engage in collaborative efforts with colleagues from other countries, particularly those in the diaspora.," Dr. Makanjuola reveals. The stage is set—a stage where geographical distances are mere footnotes in the narrative of partnership.

"We've had the privilege of inviting members from various organizations," he reveals, his words like brushstrokes that paint a portrait of unity, "such as Nigerian physicians in diaspora groups like the Association of Nigerian Physicians in America and its UK counterpart."

Dr. Makanjuola reveals a treasure trove of enrichment—"These invitations have enriched our programs," he continues, his voice carrying the warmth of collaboration, "and we continue to maintain connections and partnerships with them."

But the story doesn't stop at enrichment— it evolves, taking a bold leap into uncharted territory. "One notable initiative we're working on involves engaging recently relocated professionals from our country," he shares. A novel concept emerges—a concept that could revolutionize the dynamics of engagement.

"We're exploring a novel approach of establishing diaspora chapters within our association," he reveals, the intrigue deepening. The concept takes shape—an avenue for connection, a bridge that transcends time zones. "This would enable them to stay connected with

our association, contribute to our educational efforts, and participate in clinical service delivery whenever they're visiting the country,” he explains.

The reader's imagination soars—a network spanning continents, professionals uniting despite oceans. "We're in the process of formalizing this concept," he admits, his excitement palpable, "and while it's not finalized, we're excited about the potential it holds."

The narrative turns, focusing on a singular chapter in this story—a chapter that resonates with promise. "We're also in the early stages of establishing a diaspora chapter specifically for those in the United Kingdom" he reveals, a prospect that sparks curiosity. The vision comes alive—an avenue for mutual growth.

This vision, however, isn't confined— it's expansive, reaching beyond borders and horizons. "While we've been successful in collaborating with Nigerian professionals in the UK and the US," he admits, his words echoing possibility, "we recognize the need to expand our collaborative efforts to encompass other African countries."

Here, the stage widens—a tapestry that stretches from Nigeria to Kenya, Ghana to South Africa. "This means exploring partnerships with associations in countries like Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa," he states, the potential for mutual growth and empowerment evident.

The story nears its crescendo, and Dr. Makanjuola's words emerge as a beacon—a beacon for the future, for the next chapter in this tale of unity. "As we look ahead," he concludes, "I encourage the next President to prioritize these efforts. Strengthening African collaborations can significantly enhance our collective growth and impact."

WE'RE ALSO IN THE EARLY STAGES OF ESTABLISHING A DIASPORA CHAPTER SPECIFICALLY FOR THOSE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.

ASSOCIATION FOCUS: MDCAN

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One On One With DR. PIUS KIGAMWA

Exploring the professional journey of a psychiatrist

By LORRAINE ABWAO

HealthCare Middle East & Africa Magazine had the privilege of interviewing Dr. Pius Akivaga Kigamwa, a distinguished medical doctor, board-certified consultant psychiatrist, and senior lecturer at the University of Nairobi's School of Medicine. Dr. Kigamwa's notable achievements extend beyond his extensive expertise, as he holds the esteemed Moran of the Order of the Burning Spear (MBS) title and is an international fellow of the American Psychiatric Association.

As a co-founder of the Nairobi Rakusei Mental Hospital, a private institution established three years ago in Karen, Dr. Kigamwa plays a pivotal role in delivering comprehensive mental health care in a serene and dignified environment. Located in Nairobi's prominent suburb, the hospital offers a wide range of effective services, including pharmacotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, psychotherapy, and occupational therapy. Additionally, the facility specializes in addiction counseling, providing detoxification, group therapy, and addiction treatments. Looking ahead, the Nairobi Rakusei Mental Hospital aims to offer training opportunities for individuals through rotations at the facility.

During our interview at the hospital, Dr. Kigamwa shared valuable insights, highlighting the fulfilling aspects of specializing in psychiatry, his professional motivations, and emphasizing the critical importance of mental health.

HCMEA: What are some of your notable life accomplishments so far?

DR. KIGAMWA: My greatest career achievement is graduating from the UoN School of Medicine as a young doctor. In the past decades, you went to med school because you are passionate about the field and to come out as a doctor was a big deal. After medical school, you did an internship, worked as a medical officer, and got signed off as a proper, qualified, and well-trained doctor. This period of training after medical school is another key milestone.

I returned to the University of Nairobi School of Medicine to specialize in mental health. Upon completing the graduate program, I earned a Master of Medicine Degree in Psychiatry and achieved consultant status. Shortly after graduating, I was employed as a lecturer by the University of Nairobi.

After three years, I embarked on a fullyfunded attachment at the University of the Free State (UFS) in Bloemfontein City, South Africa. During this time, I obtained a Certificate in Community Mental Health and Psychiatry, which enhanced my expertise after gaining one year of experience. Following a productive professional fellowship, I returned to Kenya and transitioned from lecturer to senior lecturer.

As a senior lecturer, my primary role is to provide mental health education to university students. We train these students who will eventually become doctors, and mental health is a crucial component of their professional development.

Additionally, as a medical doctor, I hold a consultant position at major public health facilities in Nairobi, such as the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and the Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital. Apart from these medical responsibilities, I operate a private practice clinic at Nairobi Hospital. Furthermore, I serve as a mentor to a large number of young individuals, guiding them in various aspects of life.

HCMEA: What inspired you to choose psychiatry as a medical specialty?

DR. KIGAMWA: It is a winded path. My paternal grandfather was a very clever man, for lack of a better word, and was a sort of jack of all trades. He possessed many attributes and qualities but what set him apart was that he was quite conversant with the use of herbs available in the village. In the nineteen-fifties, he was sought after as a person whom you could go to when you had a troublesome affliction ailment.

The herbalist would be able to identify what plant root, tuber, or leaf in the farms could be pounded and mixed with water, honey, or whatever substance it took to give relief to the villagers. Taking that into consideration, when I was a young boy and lived with my maternal grandmother, I watched her practice the same kind of traditional medicine.

Decades later, I was enrolled in the Starehe Boys’ Centre and School. The founding director Geoffrey William Griffin introduced an educational program for students. Under this program, students would be placed in different types of organizations to provide free-of-charge services during the school holidays. You were free to choose what you want to do and I found myself gravitating towards the hospitals.

With the official holidays at our disposal, I would take on little tasks at either the Nairobi Hospital or Kenyatta National Hospital. All these tasks and decisions, cumulatively, allowed me to observe a lot and learn a lot first-hand. I felt for certain medicine is my calling.

What’s more, Mr. Griffin would invite guests from different professions to have career development talks with the students. I got intrigued, listening to the doctors takes on their paths. True to form, I chose to study Medicine and become a doctor afterward. When my A-level

EXECUTIVE INTERVIEW: Dr. Kigamwa

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI'S COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES BUILDING WHERE DR. KIGAMWA LECTURES

results exams were published in the national newspapers, I was placed at the University of Nairobi School of Medicine.

At the UoN School of Medicine, rigorous training precedes the internship program. During the internship, I rotated through various departments in a hospital, and it became apparent to me that patients in surgical specialties were quite similar across the board. However, it was the patients with mental illness in the field of psychiatry who presented unique challenges.

Unlike other specialties, each mental health patient is different from the next, requiring

interactive sessions and a psychiatrist's clinical expertise to determine appropriate treatment based on diagnostic criteria and underlying pathology. I saw this as a personal challenge and an opportunity to make a difference.

HCMEA: How have your core values shaped your purpose?

DR. KIGAMWA: The single most important value that a person must possess is a work ethic. A work ethic demands that every morning when you rise, you identify how you're going to change the world positively. Inevitably, you must have identified goals and objectives that guide your path as you try to navigate the complex medical field of psychiatry.

As an automatic consequence, I am a firm believer in doing good, being just, and doing the right thing. Steer away from taking shortcuts. It is my conviction that we should respect all individuals, regardless of their status, whatever conditions afflict them, their religious persuasions, and their lifestyle choices. I suppose we all have freedom of choice that must be recognized and respected.

If you hold a Master's Degree in Psychiatry, you are no longer just a person who just clears queues at mental health facilities: You are a teacher, a leader, an opinion leader, a mental health advocate, and a role model wherever you go. You must also dispense your medical duties in a Hippocratic manner per the oath of ethics taken by psychiatrists.

HCMEA: What are the most rewarding and challenging aspects of your work?

DR. KIGAMWA: During my stint at the University Health Services of the University of Nairobi, we provided mental health services to

AS AN AUTOMATIC CONSEQUENCE, I AM A FIRM BELIEVER IN DOING GOOD, BEING JUST, AND DOING THE RIGHT THING. STEER AWAY FROM TAKING SHORTCUTS.

students and academic staff, and their families. Some students would visit the university clinic looking completely broken with no will to continue pursuing their academic studies. As the health team, we would embark on a journey to help the afflicted students to complete their selected courses.

We treated these learners and a majority of them are clear-headed responsible members of society after finishing their studies. These moments are meaningful because what looked like an impossible situation turned into a new possibility and we steered the university students to actualize their dreams. Another precious, rewarding moment of that kind is anytime I run into former students whom I trained at the University of Nairobi. I cross paths with these previous trainees who still refer to me as “Mwalimu!” after they've grown into influential adults.

All in all, mental illness is very challenging. Sometimes, you are brought somebody who is completely mute, completely unable to look after themselves, and totally unable to care for themselves. You examine them, you make a wellthought-out diagnosis, you start the treatment, and slowly, the person transforms, and they get out of their stupor.

Gradually, the patient starts talking to you and it makes sense. They get out of the mental health hospital and move on with their lives. It is a complex yet rewarding path to get them back on their feet. Psychiatrists’ engagements with patients are more or less lifelong engagements as we form relationships with patients, their families, and their significant others. Over the years, I have built multiple strong relationships with different patients and their families.

HCMEA: As a specialty doctor, what is your assessment of the current state of mental health in Kenya?

DR. KIGAMWA: The World Health Organization describes health as having normal mental health and not merely the absence of disease. Mental health is the wholeness or completeness of a person's physical being, thought processes, behaviors, both internal and external moods, and interactions with other individuals.

Despite the lack of standard data sources, the history of mental health in Kenya dates back to the early 1900s when the European settlers set up a smallpox isolation center in Nairobi, which was converted later into a mental health facility,

MENTAL ILLNESS IS VERY CHALLENGING. SOMETIMES, YOU ARE BROUGHT SOMEBODY WHO IS COMPLETELY MUTE, COMPLETELY UNABLE TO LOOK AFTER THEMSELVES, AND TOTALLY UNABLE TO CARE FOR THEMSELVES.

the present-day Mathari Mental Hospital.

The inpatient facility was typical of all mental hospitals around the world. In the former times, mental hospitals were large old buildings situated at the edge of a city whose main mode of treatment was by restraint. It was just an isolation place with no actual treatment going on. The measure aimed to protect society from the patients and to protect the patients from society.

In the current scene, the World Health Organization has defined all medical facilities as mental health facilities. All medical facilities are obligated to have the capacity to manage the mentally ill. The purpose of the action is to deal with stigma and roll-up essential health services. Nonetheless, the Mathari Mental Hospital operates as a purely psychiatric facility providing mental health services in the public sector.

The government-supported hospital also serves as a teaching and referral hospital for the University of Nairobi’s students. Alternatively, there are several private psychiatric service providers in Nairobi County. These privately operated facilities include the Avenue Hospital, the Chiromo Lane Medical Center, the Royal Victory Hospital and, the Nairobi Rakusei Mental Hospital. Although there are not many standalone psychiatric facilities, all hospitals provide mental healthcare and psychiatric services.

Still, the difference between public and private mental health facilities is like day

and night. The government facilities exhibit numerous shortcomings such as poor physical infrastructure, lack of access to sophisticated psychiatric drugs, inadequate hospital chairs in waiting rooms, and unhygienic conditions in the hospitals. Overall, these overcrowded hospitals often struggle with limited financial resources, making it challenging to provide appropriate compensation to staff, resulting in low morale among healthcare professionals

HCMEA: Could you provide an overview of the current initiatives and strategies being implemented to address and bridge the existing gaps in mental health care?

DR. KIGAMWA: Currently, Kenya is home to nearly 200 consultant psychiatrists, with approximately 100 of these specialists based in Nairobi. The remaining psychiatrists are unevenly distributed throughout the country, including those serving in the Kenya Armed Forces. While the total number of psychiatrists may appear substantial, it is disproportionate to the country's demographic size, considering the soaring demand for mental health services.

As a result, Kenya stands out with one of the highest numbers of psychiatrists per capita in the African region. Even when combining the licensed psychiatrists from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Somalia, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Lesotho, Botswana, and Namibia, their collective count still falls short of surpassing the number of psychiatrists in Kenya.

However, it remains crucial for the country to address the gap in mental health training by increasing the number of psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, occupational therapists, psychiatric social workers, and other mental health professionals.

The Kenyan government should also consider introducing various mental health specialties, such as clinical psychology, in universities. Clinical psychology encompasses different branches, including educational psychology, industrial psychology, and psychological research, among others. Clinical psychologists specialize in a wide range of psychotherapies, such as interpersonal therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), exposure therapy, addiction therapy, couples therapy, and marital therapy.

Additionally, the country should develop strategies to counter the factors contributing to brain drain in the field of psychiatry, ensuring that trained professionals are retained and

MATHARI NATIONAL TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL SITAUATED ALONG THIKA ROAD, ONE OF THE HEALTH FACILITIES HANDLING MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES IN KENYA

incentivized to practice within Kenya.

In addition to addressing the numbers, Kenya is under increasing pressure to enhance the national budget allocation for the mental health sector. Currently, less than 1% of the total funds allocated to the Ministry of Health, the primary body responsible for financing psychiatric training, is spent on mental health services.

Considering Kenya's disease burden, where one in every four patients seeking care at health facilities has a significant psychiatric disorder or morbidity, the national health expenditure contradicts the World Health Organization's recommendation that around 15% of government health budgets should be dedicated to mental health.

Stigma presents another obstacle to accessing mental health care in Kenya. Mental health is often accompanied by prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypes, particularly among those who lack awareness about mental disorders.

To bridge the mental health gap, the country must establish well-managed rehabilitation centers. The epidemic of drug and substance abuse among youth in Kenya necessitates government investment in training teachers on mental health and integrating mental health into the primary school curriculum. Moreover, providing mental health education to adolescents will help combat stigma associated with mental illness and addictions.

HCMEA: What measures can governments take to promote good mental health?

DR. KIGAMWA: Kenya has reiterated its commitment to mental health with the launch

of the Mental Health Policy (2015-2030). The first-of-its-kind document in Kenya will guide the provision of mental health services across the county governments. The policy also sets out recommendations on how to allocate mental health budgets as endorsed by the World Health Organization.

In order to enhance access to mental health care, outgoing President Uhuru Kenyatta signed

INSIDE VIEW OF CHIROMO LANE MEDICAL CENTER'S PSYCHIATRY WARD

the Mental Health Act 2022 into law. This new legislation will oversee the delivery of mental health services in the country, including the repeal of outdated laws. Furthermore, the previous administration established a highlevel commission on mental health, tasked with assessing the mental health status in Kenya.

The commission produced a significant report, commissioned by former President Uhuru, which led to the reorganization of the administrative structure of public mental health facilities. Implementing the recommended measures, the government initiated the construction of a new mental health hospital in Ngong to complement the existing public psychiatric facility, Mathari Hospital.

Notably, the Kenyan entertainment industry has also embraced mental health discussions in its shows, showcasing the valuable contribution of media personalities to the field of psychiatry. However, attempted suicide remains a criminal act in Kenya, which is an archaic way of thinking about mental health. The country continues to face challenges in implementing the new legal reforms and legislations, in particular resource allocation problems and lack of political goodwill.

HCMEA: What is your perspective on the future of mental healthcare?

DR. KIGAMWA: Technology plays a huge role in the way mental health services are delivered today. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, technological advances made it possible for psychiatrists to engage with their patients through telemedicine and to work remotely via digital platforms. We were able to roll out mental health services to patients, treat patients and prescribe medications virtually.

On the research side, genetic engineering is gaining momentum in the scientific world and healthcare industry. We recognize that a wide range of mental health disorders are genetic in nature. Through the "Human Genome Project" led by former American President Bill Clinton, an international group of researchers identified all the genes in the human DNA, and ascribe them their positions. Scientists are leveraging this scientific discovery to ascribe what specific human genes contribute to different illnesses including mental health and cancer. In the mental health field, gene editing shows promise in the management of mental health illness in the coming years.

Scientists are also utilizing technological innovation to accelerate the development of vaccines for drug abuse and addiction. A case in point is the ongoing vaccine development to curb alcohol addiction. After this innovative shot is administered, the body will generate an immune reaction that is specific to alcohol and generate antibodies against the highly addictive drug. Once you drink, the alcohol will be quickly captured by the alcohol-specific antibodies preventing it from reaching your brain. After vaccination, consuming alcohol will not make you high – it will be like drinking water.

Another topical issue is the role of artificial intelligence in training individuals with behavioral modification techniques. Under the behavioral modification approach, doctors will study parenting practices and skills and look at which models seem to work best. A psychiatrist will package the evidence-based models and train parents on these parenting styles to avoid future complications related to mental health. These strategies focus on preventive mental health care rather than curative.

Ultimately, technology could help us develop cures for mental illnesses. It presents us an opportunity to steer the mental health conversation away from the management of disorders to developing novel cures.

CHIROMO LANE MEDICAL CENTER BUILDING, ONE OF THE LEADING PRIVATE PSYCHIATRIC SERVICE PROVIDER IN KENYA, LOCATED IN LAVINGTON ALONG MUTHANGARI ROAD

COUNTRY FOCUS: SOUTH AFRICA

Journeying through South Africa’s healthcare landscape: Triumphs, challenges, and the path to an equitable future

By PETER NGIGE

Nestled at the southernmost tip of the African continent, the Republic of South Africa beckons with its promise of democracy and a constitution that guarantees the right to access health services for all its over 60 million citizens. Yet, beneath this veneer of promise lies a stark reality that demands attention. The Human Rights Measurement Initiative's 2022 study reveals a troubling truth – South Africa falls short of fulfilling the right to health, achieving only 73.4% of what is expected based on its level of income.

In a nation where the constitution enshrines the fundamental rights to food, water, healthcare, and social assistance, these sobering metrics raise alarm bells, especially when it comes to children's health, where the country manages to achieve just 89.1% of the expected level based on current income. The situation is even more concerning for the adult population, with a dismal fulfillment rate of only 63.8%.

The challenges facing South Africa's healthcare system are manifold. A triple burden of disease looms large, with communicable ailments like HIV/AIDS and TB, the rise of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and cancer, and the ongoing trauma of interpersonal violence, encompassing gunshot and stab wounds, all demanding urgent attention.

To its credit, South Africa allocates 8.1% of GDP to healthcare, equivalent to US$499.2 per capita, showcasing the nation's commitment to the well-being of its people. Yet, with approximately 42% of this spending relying on government expenditure, policymakers, including President Cyril Ramaphosa's administration, face the daunting task of extending healthcare access to the most vulnerable sectors of society. Amidst this landscape, the recently passed National Health Insurance emerges as a potential

solution, but its efficacy in addressing deeplyrooted issues that trace back to the apartheid era invites scrutiny from critics. As South Africa grapples with its healthcare challenges, the pursuit of a comprehensive and equitable health system remains an ongoing conversation, seeking to bridge the gaps and ensure that every citizen can access the care they deserve.

TRACING THE LEGACY OF APARTHEID'S IMPACT ON SOUTH AFRICA'S HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

South Africa's healthcare system bears the scars of its tumultuous history, with the shadows of apartheid and racial segregation leaving behind deep-rooted disparities. The country's journey towards equality has been a long and challenging one, as the black majority fought for their rights against the white minority's dominance throughout the 20th century. The imposition of apartheid in 1948 led to discriminatory health policies that denied black South Africans the same level of healthcare as their white counterparts, perpetuating inequities that continue to affect the healthcare landscape today.

Despite progress made after apartheid ended in 1994, significant disparities persist in the public healthcare system. The landmark 1996 constitution established nine provinces, each with its own Department of Health, but access to quality healthcare remains uneven. Approximately 80% of the population comprises Black South Africans, who have historically faced marginalization and disenfranchisement. The National Health Act signaled a commitment to equity and inclusivity in healthcare provision, but challenges remained, especially with the emergence of the devastating HIV/AIDS epidemic in the late 1990s.

The epidemic exposed vulnerabilities in the healthcare system, necessitating urgent efforts to confront its scale. As South Africa navigates

through uncharted waters, it is driven by a collective determination to heal the wounds of the past and build a brighter, healthier future for all citizens. The quest for a unified and inclusive health system continues, fueled by hope, determination, and the belief that every individual's right to health should be more than just a promise.

THE PRESENT: BREAKING DOWN THE NUMBERS

The statistical data on South Africa's healthcare landscape provides a comprehensive view of the nation's well-being, revealing areas that demand immediate attention and progress made towards equitable healthcare for all. The data from Statistics South Africa's Mid-year population estimates for 2022 highlights critical concerns, such as the gender disparity in life expectancy, with males estimated to live up to 60.0 years and females slightly better at 65.6 years. Infant mortality remains a pressing issue, with an estimated rate of 24.3 per 1000 live births, emphasizing the need to improve maternal and child health outcomes.

The age distribution of the population sheds light on the healthcare demands for different demographics, with about 28.07% of the population being younger than 15 years and 9.2% aged 60 years or older. Provinces like Limpopo and Eastern Cape, with the highest percentage

of children younger than 15, require targeted provisions to cater to the unique needs of the younger population.

Disability is another crucial aspect that warrants attention, with about 4.5% of South Africans aged five years and older classified as disabled in 2021. Notably, disability is more prevalent among women, raising questions about gender-sensitive healthcare provisions. Regional disparities are evident, with the Northern Cape reporting the highest rate of disability at 7.1% and Gauteng showing the lowest incidence at 3.1%.

Regarding healthcare coverage, the data indicates a marginal increase in the number of individuals covered by medical aid schemes over the past two decades, though disparities persist across provinces. While Gauteng and Western Cape lead with the highest percentage of medical aid coverage, Limpopo and Mpumalanga report the lowest rates, calling for targeted efforts to extend healthcare coverage and accessibility to underserved regions.

STRIVING FOR EQUITABLE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE

At the heart of South Africa's healthcare system lies the South African Department of Health (DoH), a vital institution entrusted with the nation's well-being, operating under the National Health Act of 2003. This essential legislation outlines the mandate for a structured and uniform health system, delineating the roles of the three levels of government in providing health services.

At the foundation of the system are the primary care facilities, acting as the first point of contact for patients and offering crucial assessments. Scattered across the country, these facilities are primarily staffed with skilled nurses delivering vital community health services. The second tier comprises district hospitals, where patients can undergo testing and minor procedures, ensuring that health services are accessible to communities in closer proximity. Lastly, the tertiary hospitals form the topmost tier, equipped with advanced infrastructure and cutting-edge technologies to handle major surgeries and complex medical cases, serving as the country's hubs of specialized care.

However, public hospitals face significant funding constraints, making it challenging to maintain or acquire the latest equipment. As of now, the private sector holds the best prospects for advanced technology and equipment. Four major hospital groups, including Netcare Limited,

TSHWANE DISTRICT HOSPITAL, A PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL IN PRETORIA, GAUTENG SPECIALIZING IN SPEECH THERAPY AND AUDIOLOGY.

Life Healthcare Group, Mediclinic Southern Africa, and the National Hospital Network, dominate the private healthcare landscape, alongside several independent private hospitals. Additionally, around 78 medical schemes are operational in South Africa, with 20 being open and the rest restricted. Among them, Discovery Health remains the largest open medical aid scheme, with an estimated 1.3 million members and 2.8 million beneficiaries. It also boasts an open medical market share of 57.6%.

South Africa's healthcare system is divided into two sectors: the public system catering to approximately 85% of the population and the private healthcare sector serving the remaining 15% with access to medical insurance. While both sectors offer various services, the private sector generally offers more advanced, high-tech treatments and elective procedures, leading to comparisons in resource allocation and healthcare outcomes.

Specialist care plays a crucial role in the public health system, especially in tertiary hospitals, where patients with serious conditions receive expert and specialized treatment. To fund the extensive network of over 400 hospitals, the National Revenue Fund collects payments made to local, provincial, and federal governments. Funds are then decentralized to local municipalities, granting public health agencies the autonomy to allocate resources according to their specific needs. This decentralized approach aims to ensure that health services are tailored to the unique challenges faced by various regions of the country.

As part of its vision for the future, South Africa is steadfastly moving towards universal healthcare through the implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme. The NHI seeks to make the government the primary procurer of health goods and services while investing in the public healthcare system to bolster infrastructure and enhance accessibility. By pooling resources and optimizing healthcare delivery, the NHI aims to create a more equitable and inclusive system, where every citizen can access quality healthcare without financial barriers.

While the NHI is being phased in, with full implementation targeted by 2026, its progress is subject to multiple factors, including funding availability and political will. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced additional challenges, impacting the timeliness of the NHI's roll-out. Nevertheless, the nation remains resolute in its

commitment to achieving universal healthcare, ensuring that the dream of equitable access to healthcare for all becomes a tangible reality.

THE GLARING DISPARITY IN THE QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDED

South Africa's healthcare landscape is characterized by a profound disparity in the quality of care available to its population, highlighting a clear divide between those who can afford private healthcare and the majority relying on state-provided services. While the country boasts excellent hospital care, it is mainly accessible to those who can bear the costs of private healthcare. Meanwhile, the majority of the population, unable to afford private services, must rely on state hospitals offering low-cost treatment at a subsidized rate. This striking contrast in access to quality care underscores deep-rooted inequities within the system.

The state of the health system is shaped by its tumultuous history, influenced by past epidemics like HIV/AIDS, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the trauma of colonial subjugation and apartheid. These historical legacies have left a lasting impact on healthcare policies and government decisions, contributing to divergent views on the country's healthcare sector.

A significant statistic highlighting the

IN NUMBERS

57.6% DISCOVERY HEALTH'S MEDICAL MARKET SHARE IN SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE HEALTHCARE GROUP-A 106-BED MULTIDISCIPLINARY HOSPITAL BASED BASED IN HILTON, KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA.

disparities is that around 79% of doctors in South Africa work in private practice, creating a considerable access gap for those relying on the public system. Private healthcare consultation fees are much higher than those in the state system, emphasizing the inequality in healthcare accessibility for different segments of the population.

Despite comparatively higher healthcare spending compared to other African countries, the improvements in health outcomes have not kept pace with the financial investments made. This disparity further underscores the urgent need to address systemic challenges faced by the public healthcare system, such as underfunding, resource allocation, and healthcare workforce distribution.

Addressing these disparities is not just an economic or political matter; it is a matter of social justice and human rights. Achieving South Africa's constitutional promise of access to health services for every citizen requires collective efforts from policymakers, healthcare professionals, civil society, and the public.

HIV/AIDS: A FORMIDABLE AND URGENT HEALTH CHALLENGE FOR SOUTH AFRICA

The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a formidable and urgent health challenge for South Africa, posing one of the largest and longest-standing epidemics in the world. The numbers are staggering, with the South African Department of Health (DoH) estimating an overall HIV prevalence rate of approximately 13.9% among

the population, accounting for approximately 8.45 million people living with HIV in 2022—the highest number globally.

Confronting this critical issue head-on, the 2023 SA AIDS conference in Durban served as a pivotal platform for evaluating the progress made in combatting HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in the country. This conference was more than just a gathering; it was an opportunity for organizers to take stock of the post-pandemic response to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) while identifying emerging priorities to propel the nation's efforts in eliminating HIV as a public health threat.

In his keynote address, Health Minister Dr. Joe Phaahla underscored South Africa's intensified HIV prevention efforts, placing particular focus on pregnant and breastfeeding women, children, and adolescents. This strategic approach aligns with the Global Alliance to End AIDS in Children by 2030, a vital initiative aiming to accelerate progress towards UNAIDS 2025 targets. These ambitious targets seek to ensure that 90% of all people living with HIV know their status, 90% of those diagnosed receive sustained antiretroviral therapy, and 90% of those receiving treatment achieve viral suppression by 2025. Such

COUNTRY FOCUS: South Africa

THE CORMED HOSPITAL , A MULTISPECIALTY PRIVATE HOSPITAL BASED IN GAUTENG CITY, SOUTH AFRICA.

THE NELSON MANDELA CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL (NMCH), A DEDICATED PAEDIATRIC FACILITY SERVING SOUTH AFRICAN CHILDREN.

comprehensive goals are crucial in curbing the impact of HIV/AIDS and shaping a healthier future for the nation.

Recognizing the magnitude of the disease burden, various global interventions have been set in motion within the country. Among the latest endeavors is the PrEPVacc study, supported by the European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP2) program. This groundbreaking research has initiated human trials of the HIV-PrEP combination vaccine in Durban, offering hope in the quest for effective prevention and treatment options. Innovative research and collaboration play a vital role in combating HIV/AIDS, as the nation relentlessly pursues solutions.

Moreover, the recently launched National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Tuberculosis (TB), and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) 2023-2028 publication emerges as a beacon of hope. This comprehensive and long-term plan aims to foster consensus and drive a well-coordinated, unified response to these three epidemics over the next five years. With the involvement of various stakeholders, communities, and partners, this concerted effort seeks to turn the tide against

HIV/AIDS and related health challenges, setting the stage for a brighter and healthier future.

SOUTH AFRICA'S MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS TAKES CENTER STAGE AS DEPRESSION SOARS

In South Africa, the nation faces a growing crisis in mental health, with approximately 16.5% of adults suffering from mental illness, primarily depression. Even more concerning is the fact that 30% of South Africans are likely to experience a mental illness at some point in their lives, demanding immediate attention to this critical public health concern.

The youth of the country are also significantly impacted, with 44.1% experiencing depression and 40.2% experiencing anxiety. Tragically, 1 in 4 young individuals report current suicidal thoughts, highlighting the urgent need for swift intervention and support for this vulnerable population.

Several factors contribute to the prevalence of mental disorders in South Africa, including the demanding work ethic, with Bloomberg ranking the nation as the second "most stressed out" globally. A significant portion of the workforce does not take annual leave, leading to increased stress levels and mental health challenges.

Violence also takes a toll on mental health, with 23% of the adult population exposed to traumatic events related to violence. This exposure leads to a higher prevalence of mental illnesses like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emphasizing the need for trauma-informed care.

Substance abuse further compounds the crisis, with drug trafficking routes impacting local populations and contributing to substance abuserelated disorders. The lack of access to mental health resources in some regions exacerbates the challenges faced by those seeking help.

Despite the urgency of the situation, South Africa faces disparities in mental health provision, with limited psychiatric hospital beds and restricted access to professional psychiatrists and community mental health facilities. For

THE YOUTH OF THE COUNTRY ARE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACTED, WITH 44.1% EXPERIENCING DEPRESSION AND 40.2% EXPERIENCING ANXIETY.

instance, the country only has 18 beds per 100,000 residents in psychiatric hospitals, falling below the global average, and access to professional psychiatrists and community mental health facilities is limited, particularly in some regions. This glaring gap in resources highlights the need for targeted interventions and increased investment in mental health infrastructure.

In the private healthcare sector, however, a different landscape emerges, offering access to a range of specialists, including psychiatrists, psychologists, and neurologists. Depending on the healthcare provider and insurance plan, individuals may receive treatment without the need for a referral and have treatment costs covered, providing a contrasting reality to those in the public system.

Organizations have launched a petition for the implementation of the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Policy, seeking essential resources and support for mental health initiatives focused on young people.

ADDRESSING CANCER AS PART OF SOUTH AFRICA'S QUADRUPLE DISEASE BURDEN

South Africa faces a significant challenge with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), forming part of the nation's quadruple disease burden. Cancer, in particular, stands out as a leading cause of mortality, accounting for about 10% of national deaths. The prevalence of cancer-

related fatalities can be attributed, in part, to the disparities in access to cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment, leading to poorer health outcomes for many citizens.

Both men and women are impacted by cancer in South Africa, with breast, cervical, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer being the most commonly diagnosed in women, and prostate, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal, and lung cancers being the most frequently diagnosed in men. The incidence of cancer cases is on the rise, adding strain to the healthcare system.

Various factors contribute to the disparities in cancer services access, including socio-economic factors, geographical barriers, limited healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, and inadequate awareness among vulnerable populations. The lack of preventive measures and timely screenings further exacerbates the problem.

To address these challenges, the South African National Department of Health (NDoH) developed the National Cancer Strategic Framework (NCSF) for 2017–2022. This framework outlines a comprehensive plan to achieve equitable access to cancer services for all South Africans, prioritizing lung, colorectal, cervical, prostate, and breast cancers, as well as cancers affecting children and adolescents.

South Africa has taken decisive action to combat tobacco use, enacting legislation to curb smoking and reduce exposure to carcinogens found in tobacco products. Early detection and intervention are prioritized through targeted cervical cancer screening programs, and childhood vaccinations against hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV) aim to prevent hepatocellular and cervical carcinomas.

Disease-specific national policy guidelines have been developed to ensure standardized and equitable cancer treatment across the country. Cancer care is provided through both the public and private health sectors, with the public sector working to improve the accessibility of cancer treatment and radiotherapy services available at various oncology centers.

Radiology plays a vital role in cancer management, and the Radiology Society of South Africa (RSSA) provides support and guidance in this field. The radiology workforce has seen significant growth, reflecting the nation's commitment to enhancing healthcare infrastructure and tackling the mounting cancer burden.

CLARO CLINIC IN CAPE TOWN, A PRIVATE MENTAL HEALTHCARE HOSPITAL OFFERING GENERAL PSYCHIATRY AND ADDICTION TREATMENT IN THE WESTERN CAPE.

A report published in Cureus in 2022, titled "Temporal Trends in the South African Diagnostic Radiology Workforce," sheds light on the distribution of radiology p ersonnel in the country. The findings reveal significant growth and transformation in the imaging workforce over the years from 2002 to 2019. During this period, the total number of imaging personnel saw a remarkable increase of 283%, rising from 3,095 to 8,753 professionals. In comparison, the national population grew by 29%, from 45.45 million to 58.77 million.

MODERN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCING HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa has made significant strides in embracing modern medical technologies to enhance its healthcare systems and improve patient access and outcomes. Recognizing the potential of digital healthcare technologies, the government has emphasized their integration into the National Health Insurance (NHI) program. The National Digital Health Strategy for South Africa 2019-2024 sets the framework for leveraging digital tools to strengthen healthcare delivery, facilitate patient access, and enhance overall health outcomes.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compelled healthcare practitioners (HCPs) in South Africa to reevaluate and reinvent their patient interactions. The Health Professions Council of South Africa's Legal and Regulatory Affairs highlighted the growing importance of utilizing advanced and specialized IT solutions in perioperative and critical care settings. The willingness to embrace such technologies has been on the rise, driven by the urgency to adapt to changing healthcare needs and challenges.

South African companies, Afrigen Biologics, and Biovac Institute have taken significant steps in the development and manufacturing of mRNA vaccines. With guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) and other reputable organizations, they are working towards producing mRNA vaccines locally. This endeavor not only strengthens the country's healthcare capabilities but also contributes to global efforts to combat infectious diseases.

In a ground-breaking move, the WHO established a technology transfer hub in South Africa in June 2021. This hub aims to harness publicly available information to recreate Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine and develop a comparable vaccine within the country. By

fostering knowledge-sharing and collaboration, this initiative paves the way for increased vaccine accessibility and affordability, benefitting populations not only in South Africa but also in other resource-limited regions.

BUILDING AFRICA'S MEDICINE HUB AND BOOSTING SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN MEDICINE PRODUCTION

To solidify its position as Africa's Medicine Hub, South Africa is taking strategic steps to bolster its local pharmaceutical industry and increase its self-sufficiency in medicine production. Despite being a major manufacturer and supplier of pharmaceuticals in sub-Saharan Africa, the country heavily relies on imported products, which account for a significant portion of pharmaceutical sales. However, with a rapidly growing local manufacturing capacity and capabilities, South African pharmaceutical companies are poised to become pivotal players in the production and distribution of essential medicines and COVID-19 vaccines, not only for the domestic market but also for the rest of Africa.

To facilitate this transformation, South Africa revamped its drug regulatory agency, establishing the South African Health Product Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA). With a mission centered on safety, efficacy, and quality oversight, SAHPRA aims to streamline operations and address the country's backlog of drug applications, ensuring

ETHEKWINI HOSPITAL AND HEART CENTRE IN DURBAN, AN ULTRA-MODERN AND DIGITALLY INTEGRATED HOSPITAL ESTABLISHED BY THE LENMED GROUP

faster and more efficient approval processes for pharmaceutical products.

The country's resolve to tackle health challenges, particularly the AIDS epidemic, has been instrumental in creating a high-tech hub for pharmaceutical distribution and manufacturing. South Africa's world-leading antiretroviral program and status as a major producer of radiopharmaceuticals showcase its commitment to advancing healthcare on the continent.

However, the South African government has faced challenges in its relationship with the global pharmaceutical industry, particularly regarding patent rights and access to generic versions of branded drugs. Overcoming this hurdle and expanding its pharma industry's reach to the international market will be crucial for South Africa's status as a Medicine Hub.

To foster growth and support the domestic pharmaceutical industry, the South African government can utilize public procurement as a strategic tool. By recalibrating the market through public procurement, it can provide greater protection for local manufacturers, stimulating their growth and competitiveness. Additionally, leveraging regional structures like the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) can harmonize the African pharmaceutical market and create new regional value chains, fostering industrial and infrastructure development across the continent.

The AfCFTA's launch in January 2022, with

its elimination of import tariffs and promotion of frictionless trade in Africa, is expected to significantly benefit the pharmaceutical industry. As regional integration progresses, the AfCFTA can further boost South Africa's position as a Medicine Hub and open doors for increased collaboration, investment, and partnerships within the African pharmaceutical landscape.

THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE NHI PLAN ON SOUTH AFRICA'S PHARMACEUTICAL LANDSCAPE

With the potential realization of the National Health Insurance (NHI) plan in South Africa, a wave of transformations is expected in the pharmaceutical sector. One of the significant shifts will likely be the surge in demand for prescription generic drugs, reflecting the emphasis on cost-effective treatments. Alongside this, improved healthcare infrastructure and enhanced accessibility to medical services will play a vital role in meeting the growing healthcare needs of the population.

The NHI's implementation is also projected to boost local pharmaceutical production of generics, as the government seeks to bolster selfreliance in the production of essential medicines. However, the challenging economic conditions prevailing in the country could temper the demand and spending in this sector, particularly for high-value medicines.

The COVID-19 pandemic has served as a stark reminder of the gaps and weaknesses in meeting the demand for vaccines and drugs. As a result, there is a growing interest in establishing a robust pharmaceutical and biotech production hub within the country. This initiative aims to ensure preparedness for future pandemics and enhance access to vital medical supplies.

Partnerships between U.S. pharmaceutical manufacturers and local producers have already taken shape, with a focus on technology transfer to ramp up local production for the continent. A significant development in mid-2021 was the World Health Organization's announcement of its support for an mRNA site in South Africa. This facility will be responsible for producing COVID-19 vaccines for the region, signifying a pivotal step towards medical self-sufficiency.

Currently, most innovator drugs are imported, with primary supply from India, Germany, the United States, and France. However, this import dependency might see slower growth, particularly for newer drugs that may not be included in the Essential Medicines List. In contrast, generic

RADIOLOGIST AT NETCARE PHOLOSO HOSPITAL'S RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT IN POLOKWANE ATTENDING TO A PATIENT

COUNTRY FOCUS: South Africa

drugs are anticipated to experience robust growth, both in terms of volume and spending. This surge can be attributed to high demand and purchasing preferences in the public sector, along with the government's policies and incentives promoting local content and production.

SOUTH AFRICA'S BRICS MEMBERSHIP: UNLOCKINGHEALTHCARE ADVANCEMENTS

South Africa's affiliation with the BRICS group of nations has opened new horizons for growth, especially in the domain of healthcare and pharmaceutical development. A remarkable milestone in the continent's journey to enhance its health systems and effectively respond to future pandemics is the recent establishment of the BRICS Health & Pharmaceutical Association of Africa (BRICS-HPAA) within South Africa.

Through the BRICS-HPAA initiative, Africa stands to benefit significantly from the vast research and development capabilities, as well as advanced technologies of BRICS countries, including Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. By leveraging these collective resources, the association seeks to address the pressing health system challenges that the continent faces.

At the heart of the BRICS-HPAA's mission is the establishment of a state-of-the-art mRNA and traditional vaccine technology factory. This ambitious project aims not only to eradicate diseases and pandemics in Africa but also to support BRICS-aligned countries.

The development of such a facility holds the promise of bolstering healthcare infrastructure, research capabilities, and vaccine manufacturing capacities in the region, strengthening the continent's resilience against health crises.

The Frontiers Public Health Journal highlights the shared economic development and transformation process among BRIC countries, which led to their grouping. While each BRICS nation follows distinct approaches and grapples with unique challenges in their respective health systems, they share a common commitment to cooperation in the field of health. The decisionmakers view BRICS as a potential instrument for shaping global health policies and driving positive changes in the international health arena.

One notable feature observed in the health systems of BRICS countries is the adoption of a mixed public and private responsibility and financing model. This hybrid approach allows for a diverse range of solutions to address healthcare needs, ensuring a dynamic and adaptive approach to healthcare delivery.

As South Africa collaborates with its BRICS counterparts through the BRICS-HPAA, it seizes the opportunity to draw from the best practices, cutting-edge technologies, and rich expertise of these nations. This collective effort is expected to create a transformative impact on healthcare in Africa, advancing access to quality medical services, state-of-the-art pharmaceuticals, and advanced research and development.

SOUTH AFRICA'S HEALTH MINISTER , DR JOE PHAAHLA ALONGSIDE OTHER HEALTH OFFICIALS IN A PAST EVENT IN LIMPOPO.

of lives worldwide.

The scale of the impact is nothing short of staggering. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), CVD stands as the leading cause of death and disability, casting a dark shadow over humanity's well-being. The harrowing statistics from 2019 alone reveal a heart-wrenching toll of 17.9 million lives claimed by CVDs, representing a daunting 32% of all global deaths.

Among the countless victims, heart attacks and strokes, accounting for a staggering 85% of these fatalities, leave a trail of grief and devastation in their wake. The risk of blood clots and the accumulation of fatty deposits on artery walls intensify, suffocating blood flow to the heart, brain, and various vital organs, causing blood vessels to harden and narrow. Even the blood vessels supplying crucial organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys, and eyes are not spared, falling prey to the relentless grip of these diseases.

Peripheral arterial disease, which strikes the blood vessels that feed our arms and legs, offers a stark example of the insidious nature of CVDs. This isn't just a distant concern; projections show that by 2030, CVD will mercilessly claim more lives in SSA than infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional disorders combined.

The urgency to address this epidemic cannot be overstated. It's time to unravel the mysteries surrounding CVDs, empower ourselves with

Over 1 million Africans face a silent and deadly enemy every year – cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Beyond the staggering numbers lies a profound tragedy, where lives are cut short, dreams remain unfulfilled, and families are left heartbroken. The World Health Organization warns that CVDs are not just a medical issue but a reflection of the major forces shaping our world – globalization, urbanization, and population aging. With CVD-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa reaching a grim milestone of 1 million in

A HEALTH PRACTITIONER TAKING BLOOD PRESSURE VITALS OF A PATIENT

IN NUMBERS

73% PROPORTION

2019 alone, this epidemic claims 5.4% of all global CVD-related deaths and a staggering 13% of all deaths on the continent.

What's even more alarming is that these deadly diseases strike silently, often showing no visible symptoms until it's too late. Heart attacks and strokes, the harbingers of CVDs, account for a heart-wrenching 73% of all CVD deaths in Africa. Imagine lives forever changed in an instant, as a stroke disrupts the blood supply to the brain, leaving essential brain cells to wither away. Prompt treatment is a race against time to prevent severe brain damage and save lives. Equally concerning is hypertension, a deceptively quiet assassin. While simple and affordable treatments exist, the global prevalence of hypertension has skyrocketed to 1.13 billion people in 2015, largely affecting low- and middleincome countries (LMICs).

The stories behind these numbers are not just statistics but personal tragedies. Families lose their loved ones to preventable deaths, leaving behind a void that can never be filled. It's a stark reminder that CVDs do not discriminate, affecting people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds.

The power to combat this crisis lies within our reach. By knowing our family medical history and modifying lifestyle habits, we can take proactive steps to control risk factors for CVDs. Regular screenings and preventive tests can

be the key to early detection, potentially saving countless lives. But, in low- and middle-income countries, governments struggle to muster the capacity, financial resources, and healthcare infrastructure needed to avert risk factors and protect public health.

In the heart of Africa, the South African Heart and Stroke Foundation sheds light on the harsh reality – 30% of the population suffers from some form of CVD, with heart disease surpassing all cancers combined as a leading cause of mortality.

As we uncover the heart-wrenching impact of CVDs on individuals and communities, there has never been a more urgent call for action. Governments, healthcare providers, and communities must come together to prioritize public health and allocate resources to tackle this pressing issue. By investing in prevention, early detection, and accessible healthcare, we can turn the tide against CVDs and pave the way for healthier and brighter futures for millions.

Let us stand united in the face of this formidable adversary, sparing no effort to combat CVDs and create a world where heartbreak and loss are replaced with hope, health, and happiness.

NEGATIVE PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS ON THE SPECTRUM OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

In the shadows of cardiovascular disease in Africa lies a troubling reality – negative public perceptions that often prove costly in human lives. The urgency of this crisis calls for public health initiatives that not only increase awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms but also ensure timely medical care reaches those in need. The statistics published by global nonprofit PATH are alarming, with hypertension prevalence in adults aged 30 to 70 soaring to a staggering 35%, surpassing the global average of 33%. However, the shockingly low 11% control rate for hypertension reflects glaring gaps in awareness, enrollment, and access to optimal treatment across the region.

The knowledge gaps are equally concerning, with limited understanding of maternal cardiovascular health, the prevalence, and balance between congenital and acquired CVD in children, and the spectrum of CVD in adulthood. In Rwanda, where approximately 15% of the population grapples with hypertension, the majority face uncontrolled cases, leading to devastating heart damage. Astonishingly, the Rwanda nationwide NCD STEPwise survey reveals that only 80,000 out of 1 million people

KENYA RED CROSS SOCIETY STAFF DEMONSTRATING HOW TO PERFORM CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR).

OF CVD DEATHS IN AFRICA CAUSED BY STROKE AND HEART ATTACK

DISEASE FOCUS: Cardiovascular Diseases

with hypertension are enrolled in clinics, exposing a stark disparity between diagnosis and treatment.

FOR MANY REGIONS IN AFRICA, CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOMYOPATHIES, AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE CONTINUE TO INFLICT SUFFERING, ESPECIALLY ON VULNERABLE CHILDREN IN POVERTY-STRICKEN AREAS.

The burden of cardiovascular diseases extends far beyond just numbers. For many regions in Africa, cerebrovascular disease, cardiomyopathies, and rheumatic heart disease continue to inflict suffering, especially on vulnerable children in poverty-stricken areas. Rheumatic fever, which wreaks havoc on young lives in developing countries, causes irreversible damage to heart valves and muscle. Shockingly, globally, about 2% of all cardiovascular diseaserelated deaths are attributed to rheumatic heart disease.

The impact of these negative perceptions goes beyond just untreated conditions. It leads to ignorance of high blood pressure, often left undiagnosed due to the lack of routine measurement. Even when diagnosed, reliable access to healthcare services and life-saving treatment remains a luxury for many, putting lives at risk.

In the face of this daunting crisis, African governments are joining forces to design a 'roadmap' for action, seeking to eliminate acute rheumatic fever and eradicate RHD on the continent. The priorities encompass enhanced surveillance, increased access to highquality medications for prevention, improved reproductive health services for women, and decentralized expertise and technology for managing these conditions.

But this isn't just a battle for governments; it's a battle for every heart, every family, and

every community. The stories of those affected by negative public perceptions deserve to be heard, and the urgency to take action cannot be overstated. Together, we can break down barriers to awareness, treatment, and care, ensuring that no life is lost to preventable cardiovascular diseases.

The time to rewrite the narrative is now. It's time to empower communities with knowledge, bridge the gaps in healthcare access, and redefine public perceptions. With united efforts, we can transform hearts, save lives, and create a healthier, more vibrant Africa for generations to come.

POOR ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL MEDICINES, MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

In the heart of Africa, a silent struggle unfolds as millions grapple with cardiovascular diseases, weighed down by the burden of poor access to life-saving medicines, medical interventions, and technological advances. The stark reality is that drug treatment for hypertension, diabetes, and high blood lipids stands as a critical defense against heart attacks and strokes. Yet, the cost of CVDs treatment imposes a heavy economic burden on Sub-Saharan African countries, leaving

ZAMBIA HEART AND STROKE FOUNDATION

LAUNCHES HEART HEROES SCHOOL CAMPAIGN

countless patients undiagnosed and untreated, precariously vulnerable to cardiovascular risks.

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) statistics show the vicious cycle of poverty intertwines with poor health, as 76% of people in SSA endure meager incomes of less than US$2 per day, and 46.5% survive on a mere US$1.08 per day. CVDs management comes at a steep price, with medication costs comprising a substantial portion of the overall expenses. For some, monthly costs hover around US$11.5, while others face a staggering US$44.35, with medication expenses surpassing half of the total cost.

In the midst of these challenges, glimmers of hope emerge through initiatives like the International Forum for Hypertension Control and Prevention in Africa. Efforts are underway to formulate treatment guidelines and identify cardiovascular risk factors. Some African countries have taken strides in conducting epidemiological studies and monitoring programs. However, the road to progress remains fraught with obstacles, from inadequately funded and understaffed health systems to a lack of access to affordable generic drugs and a general lack

of awareness about the importance of CVDs prevention.

To break free from this cycle, Africa's people yearn for education on healthier lifestyles, from weight reduction and smoking cessation to increased physical activity. Empowering individuals with knowledge is a crucial step toward overcoming the barriers that have hindered progress in CVDs prevention.

Diabetes, a relentless foe, joins hands with high blood pressure as a risk factor for CVD, further exacerbating the challenges faced by many in Africa. Astonishingly, 54% of the estimated 24 million people with diabetes in the continent remain undiagnosed, their health and well-being left hanging in the balance, according to the International Diabetes Federation.

But there is hope on the horizon. Technological advances stand as a beacon of promise, offering transformative treatments for cardiovascular diseases. Patients deserve access to appropriate technology and medication, from basic medicines like aspirin and statins to surgical operations like coronary artery bypass and heart transplantation. Medical devices such as pacemakers and prosthetic valves play a vital role in the fight against CVDs, offering renewed hope for those battling this formidable adversary.

In the tapestry of Africa's healthcare landscape, the urgent need to bridge the gap in access to essential medicines and technology stands as a rallying cry. By uniting our efforts, we can uplift communities, empower individuals, and build a future where cardiovascular diseases no longer hold sway. Together, let us take strides towards a healthier, heart-strong Africa, where every heartbeat counts, and no one is left behind in the fight for a brighter, healthier tomorrow."

TARGETED POLICIES AND INVESTMENTS INTO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN AFRICA

In the face of the daunting cardiovascular disease burden in Africa, a glimmer of hope shines through the transformative power of targeted policies and investments. As the World Health Organization reveals, over three-quarters of CVD deaths ravage low- and middle-income countries, underscoring the urgent need for proactive measures to combat this silent killer.

Health policies that create environments conducive to healthy choices hold the key to empowering individuals to adopt and sustain healthier lifestyles. Simple changes, such as reducing salt in the diet, eating more fruits and

DISEASE FOCUS: Cardiovascular Diseases

vegetables, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding harmful alcohol use, and cessation of tobacco use, have been proven to significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

In the spirit of collaboration, the African Heart Network (AHN) stands as a beacon of unity, bringing together various cardiovascular societies and national heart foundations with a shared vision: to improve cardiovascular health for all Africans. Aligned with the World Heart Federation's ambitious '25 by 25' global target, the AHN envisions a world where premature deaths caused by CVDs decrease by 25% by the year 2025—a mission underlined by the Sousse' Declaration of 2018.

Across the continent and beyond, partnerships like the World Heart Federation (WHF) the United Nations, the Non-communicable Disease Alliance (NCD Alliance), Pan African Society of Cardiologists (PASCAR), American Heart Association (AHA), Medtronic Foundation, Heart and Stroke Foundation of South Africa, World Heart Day events, and The Kenyan-Heart Talking Walls project stand as pillars of support, collectively striving to achieve and promote cardiovascular health for all in Africa.

One of the critical risk factors in CVDs is high cholesterol, which can lead to narrowed blood vessels and an increased risk of blood clots. While some therapies may be expensive, many interventions for risk factor control, such as lifestyle changes and generic lipid- and blood pressure-lowering medications, are costeffective and readily available.

Recognizing the urgency of the situation, WHO Member States adopted a "Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 20132020," targeting a 25% reduction in premature NCD-related deaths by 2025. Key components of this plan are two direct focuses on preventing and controlling CVDs: reducing global prevalence of raised blood pressure by 25% between 2010 and 2025 and ensuring that at least 50% of eligible individuals receive drug therapy and counseling for heart attack and stroke prevention by 2025. Additionally, the plan advocates for an 80% availability of affordable basic technologies and essential medicines, including generics, to treat major NCDs in public and private facilities.

The stakes are high, as approximately 17.8 million deaths worldwide in 2017 were attributed to cardiovascular diseases, representing a staggering 31.8% of all global deaths—a stark 49% increase compared to 1990.

DIETARY APPROACHES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

Within the grasp of every individual lies the power to prevent cardiovascular diseases and embark on a journey towards heart-healthy living. The keys to unlocking this potential are simple yet transformative: adopting a healthy diet, quitting smoking, moderating alcohol consumption, and embracing physical activity. By making these lifestyle changes, we can rewrite the narrative of cardiovascular health, preventing a significant number of premature deaths that plague our communities.

Heartbreaking statistics reveal that most cardiovascular disease-related deaths are

premature and could be averted through lifestyle modifications. With every bite of nutritious food and each step towards a more active lifestyle, we hold the power to reshape our health destiny. Eating a balanced diet and avoiding harmful habits like smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can save countless lives, reducing CVD-related mortality rates that affect 1 in 3 men and 1 in 5 women.

The impact of behavioral risk factors for heart disease and stroke is profound, manifesting as raised blood pressure, glucose, lipids, and obesity.

A PATIENT BEING TESTED FOR BLOOD SUGAR VITALS AT POINT CARE.

AFRICAN CANCER COALITION HAS BROUGHT TOGETHER MORE THAN 100 CANCER EXPERTS FROM 13 COUNTRIES TO ADAPT DOZENS OF CANCER TREATMENT FROM 13 COUNTRIES TO ADAPT DOZENS OF

But the aorta of hope flows within us, offering the chance to strengthen our bodies and shield ourselves from the most common type of aortic disease—an aortic aneurysm. With vigilance, we can recognize the warning signs of this condition, experiencing pain in the chest, back, or abdomen, and seek timely medical attention to prevent potential complications.

well-being.

Amidst the challenges we face, stress management emerges as a potent weapon in our arsenal, mitigating the risk factors for CVDs. The healing power of stress relief techniques can pave the way for healthier hearts and happier lives, showcasing the interconnectedness of mental and cardiovascular health.

As we embark on this journey, we must recognize that every small step towards a 10% reduction in mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke in low- and middle-income countries between 2011 and 2025 amounts to a remarkable US$377 billion reduction in economic losses. Information based on a study by the National Library of Medicine highlighted that these transformative changes are not only vital for individual well-being but also for the prosperity of our nations. Behind every statistic lies a story of triumph—a life saved, a heart healed, a family reunited. Together, let us seize the potential within us to prevent cardiovascular diseases, rewrite our health destinies, and create a future where heart-healthy living is within reach for all.

PROGRESS IN THE GLOBAL FIGHT AGAINST NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Amidst the shadow of cardiovascular diseases, a glimmer of hope emerges from the progress made in the global fight against noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). As the leading non-communicable disease, cardiovascular diseases continue to cast a long shadow over Africa, where they account for a staggering 73.4% of global deaths and 80% of all premature deaths each year. The rising tide of premature deaths from CVDs is a wake-up call for action, compelling leaders worldwide to commit to the strategic objectives of the global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs.

COLOURS TO SAVE HEARTS' PROJECT CAMPAIGN TO RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE (RHD( AMONG SCHOOLAGE CHILDREN IN MOZAMBIQUE.

Guided by the World Health Organization's wisdom, we understand that most cardiovascular diseases are preventable, and the power lies in addressing behavioral risk factors headon. Inspired by the success stories of projects like RESOLVE and the WHO Global Hearts initiatives, African stakeholders are poised to redefine cardiovascular health. These crucial interventions emphasize improved hypertension management, reduced salt intake, and tobacco cessation, steering individuals towards a path of

A new beacon of change is rising on the horizon, with the regional strategy for NCDs, PEN-PLUS, guiding the way for countries to strengthen their health systems effectively. This roadmap, developed in collaboration with African health ministers by WHO, standardizes programs to address chronic and severe NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases. PEN-PLUS equips primary health care to prevent NCDs, detect them early, provide appropriate management, and ensure prompt referral. Already, this powerful package is making strides in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Benin, the

Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Rwanda.

As governments march forward with ongoing health system reforms, a crucial milestone is reached by including cardiovascular disease management interventions in universal health coverage packages. This significant step marks a united effort to alleviate the burden of cardiovascular diseases. In the spirit of global cooperation, the US CDC, WHO, and other partners joined forces to launch the Global Hearts Initiative, anchored by the HEARTS technical package. This initiative empowers primary health care with evidence-based tools and practices to improve hypertension control, saving lives through early detection and prompt care.

Success stories emerge from the transformational power of partnerships. Rwanda stands tall as a shining example, with AstraZeneca, PATH, the Ministry of Health, and the Rwanda Biomedical Centre coming together to champion the Healthy Heart Africa program. This program paves the way for improved access to hypertension screening and care, leaving no heart behind in the quest for better health.

Emphasizing evidence-based approaches, the World Health Organization is diligently increasing the availability of normative guidance

for the management of acute coronary syndrome and stroke, fortifying the frontline of care for cardiovascular diseases.

By pooling efforts and implementing hypertension programs at the primary care level, 18 countries have showcased efficient and costeffective solutions to reduce the prevalence of coronary heart disease and stroke. The power of CVDs’ prevention in Africa lies in identifying health advocates, effective leadership, and a coalition of professional groups. The fruits of reduced CVD mortality rates ripple beyond health outcomes, as increased life expectancy enables individuals to contribute to the economy for longer, maximizing gross domestic product per capita growth.

In the heart of this global fight against NCDs, hope beats stronger than ever. The progress achieved so far bears witness to the transformative potential of collective action and strategic interventions. As we stand united in this journey, let us forge ahead, leaving no life untouched, no heart unguarded, and no opportunity for a healthier future unseized. Together, we can paint a brighter tomorrow where cardiovascular diseases no longer claim lives prematurely, and every heartbeat is a testament to the triumph of global health efforts.

THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, THE RWANDA BIOMEDICAL CENTRE (RBC) AND ASTRAZENECA OFFICIALS DURING THE OFFICIAL LAUNCH OF THE HEALTHY HEART AFRICA (HHA) PROGRAMME AT NAYRUGENGE DISTRICT HOSPITAL, RWANDA.

Biotronik's innovative pacemakers with automatic MRI detection receive FDA approval

burden and prevent atrial remodeling. The devices also streamline major tasks, including pre-discharge checks, simplifying workflows for healthcare professionals.

GERMANY — Biotronik, a leading medical technology company, has received FDA approval for its portfolio of pacemakers and cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemakers, equipped with automatic MRI detection capabilities. The pacemakers, known as Amvia Edge, can automatically recognize when a patient enters an MRI field, ensuring patient safety during the

scan. After the MRI, the pacemakers seamlessly return to their permanent programming without the need for adjustments.

Amvia Edge is praised as the smallest single-chamber MR conditional pacemaker available. It offers features like Atrial ATP, which provides automatic therapies for stable atrial arrhythmia to reduce tachycardia

In other news, Biotronik has partnered with Philips, an Amsterdambased medtech company, to enhance outpatient cardiology lab care. Together, they aim to improve patient access, personalization, and costeffectiveness in treating cardiovascular and endovascular conditions. Philips' SymphonySuite for cardiovascular Outpatient Labs (OBLs) and Ambulatory Surgery Centers (ASCs) offers specialized equipment, tailored services, financial solutions, and operational support. The integration of Biotronik's cardiac rhythm management portfolio adds more benefits to SymphonySuite, further customizing patient care in OBLs and ASCs.

Siemens Healthineers introduces the Atellica CI Analyzer for immunoassay testing

than 50 key assays delivering rapid results in under 14 minutes.

USA — Siemens Healthineers has received FDA clearance for its Atellica CI Analyzer, a cutting-edge instrument designed for immunoassay and clinical chemistry testing in low- to medium-

volume laboratories. The analyzer can integrate seamlessly with Siemens' Atellica Solution instrument, providing a cohesive platform for a wide array of testing. It offers over 200 assays covering 20 disease states, with more

The compact instrument has a 1.9-square-meter footprint and utilizes Microvolume Technology to amplify test output from a single sample aspiration. Its Integrated Multi-sensor Technology enables precise measurement of electrolytes in various samples. The Atellica CI Analyzer enhances laboratory workflow, allows independent operation of chemistry and immunoassay functions, and generates reports to meet accreditation guidelines. Immunoassays are essential in clinical diagnostics, pharmacology, and disease monitoring, enabling the detection and quantification of various analytes in biological samples at minute concentrations, making them vital for modern medical diagnostics.

GenWorks unveils its new mechanical system for hysteroscopic removal

Eyas Medical Imaging introduces neonatal MRI System at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital

INDIA — Indian healthcare solutions provider GenWorks has introduced a high-tech mechanical system for hysteroscopic tissue removal procedures, offering a quick and minimally invasive surgical approach. The system allows direct visualization of the intrauterine cavity and efficient tissue removal, reducing procedure times for polyps and fibroids removal.

GenWorks' minimally invasive system has already been used in over 140,000 procedures, completely removing endometrial fibroids and polyps and preventing the formation of

cancerous cells. The system has a builtin clear operative field with continuous hysteroscopic outflow, minimizing fluid use and eliminating the risk of energy discharge.

This launch is part of GenWorks' strategic objective to make healthcare solutions affordable, accessible, and equitable in India. The company is also introducing in-vitro diagnostics devices for combatting dengue fever and malaria, as well as a breath analyzer product for diagnosing, screening, and monitoring asthma patients.

GE HealthCare unveils Vscan Air SL: Handheld ultrasound imaging for point-of-care diagnostics

SignalMax and XDclear technology, the Vscan Air SL offers streamlined imaging performance, enhancing patient care and enabling swift diagnoses and treatment decisions, particularly crucial for addressing cardiovascular diseases.

USA — Eyas Medical Imaging has achieved a significant milestone by installing its pioneering neonatal MRI system, the Ascent3T, at Cincinnati Children's Hospital's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Although not yet FDAapproved for commercial use, Eyas has selected the system for research studies at Cincinnati Children's and aims to obtain FDA clearance in the future.

The Ascent3T utilizes a 3 Tesla magnet, offering unprecedented diagnostic capabilities for neonatal imaging of crucial organs like the brain, lungs, heart, and abdomen. Cincinnati Children's Hospital becomes the first health system to adopt the Ascent3T, reinforcing its position as a leader in pediatric healthcare. The system's ability to be installed directly within the NICU eliminates the risks associated with transporting fragile newborns to separate MRI locations within the hospital.

Funding from JobsOhio played a crucial role in bringing the technology to life, and Matt Storer assumes the role of CEO to lead Eyas Medical Imaging's future endeavors, including FDA clearance.

USA —GE HealthCare has introduced the Vscan Air SL, a handheld ultrasound imaging system designed to provide rapid cardiac and vascular assessments at the point of care. Equipped with GE's

The portable and wireless nature of the device allows for efficient cardiac and vascular imaging at the point of care, reducing the strain on traditional radiology resources. The Vscan Air SL is part of GE's Vscan product suite, which includes the original Vscan introduced in 2010 and the Vscan Air CL launched in 2021. The Vscan Air SL is available in key regions across Europe and Asia, with FDA clearance obtained for the U.S. market.

MEDICAL DEVICES & INNOVATIONS

Medtronic unveils Inceptiv Spinal Cord Stimulator for precision pain management

Indian biotech firm Mylab launches rapid pointof-care dengue tests

INDIA —Indian biotech company Mylab Discovery Solutions has introduced two rapid point-of-care (PoC) tests for detecting dengue infections. The tests include a rapid gold test and a highaccuracy dry luminescence assay test. These PoC dengue tests offer clinicians an accurate and efficient option for early diagnosis, particularly in settings with limited access to traditional laboratories.

The tests differentiate between IgM and IgG antibodies, allowing for the identification of the early stages of dengue infection and tracking its progression. They offer better sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional tests and provide accurate results within 20 minutes. The tests are easy to use, require no laboratory setup, and can be

deployed in resource-limited settings. Mylab's commitment to advanced tools for early diagnosis is evident, and these product launches are expected to aid the company's expansion in the growing global point-of-care diagnostics market.

IRELAND —Medtronic has introduced its groundbreaking Inceptiv spinal cord stimulator (SCS), gaining CE mark approval. Inceptiv is a closed-loop, rechargeable SCS designed to offer precise and adaptable pain management for chronic pain. This innovative device adapts stimulation based on the patient's biological signals, providing pain relief in synergy with their daily activities.

Traditionally, SCS therapy can be affected by movements triggering uncomfortable stimulation, but Inceptiv monitors neural responses 50 times per second, adjusting stimulation accordingly. It dynamically reduces stimulation during heightened neural responses and resumes optimal levels as responses subside. Inceptiv's closedloop technology, incorporating evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs), listens to and responds to signals along the spinal cord. The device also offers full-body MRI access, is the world's thinnest SCS device, and features a rechargeable battery that replenishes in an hour. While launching in Europe, availability in the United States is pending.

Thermo Fisher Scientific introduces Diomni Enterprise Software to Streamline molecular testing workflows

USA — Thermo Fisher Scientific has launched Diomni Enterprise Software, aimed at addressing challenges in manual molecular testing workflows. The software connects various steps in a unified interface, simplifying routine diagnostics testing, standardizing processes, and reducing time-to-results for laboratories conducting routine quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) diagnostic tests.

The software supports different types of testing workflows, including research-use-only and in-vitro diagnostic assays and instruments, offering flexibility to meet evolving laboratory and assay developer needs. By providing a digital platform, Diomni addresses the challenges faced by clinical labs during the pandemic, facilitating efficient testing workflows amidst a rapidly changing PCR testing landscape.

The software effectively connects individual workflow steps within a single, unified platform, improving the

productivity of qPCR workflows. It automates the interface with existing laboratory information systems (LIS) and enhances traceability, streamlining sample and reagent tracking. Additionally, Diomni allows multiple users to access assay templates and results simultaneously, promoting seamless collaboration.

THE SOFTWARE

EFFECTIVELY CONNECTS INDIVIDUAL WORKFLOW STEPS WITHIN A SINGLE, UNIFIED PLATFORM, IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF QPCR WORKFLOWS.

AFRICA

BUSINESS SUMMIT

The Africa CEO & Leadership Forum

THEME: Taking The Leap Through

Inspirational Leadership & Digitalisation

The Africa Business Summit is the ground-breaking conference and exhibition that brings together the key decision makers to define the future of business innovation, strategic leadership and the transformation of Africa, as we approach 2030 and beyond.

The program at the 3-day Summit will comprise of high-level keynote speeches and panel discussions plus sponsored industry and country-focused sessions. It will also feature fireside chats with influential people and change makers who are making waves – and inspiring the next generation of leaders in Africa