GENERASIAN NYU'S PREMIER ASIAN AMERICAN PUBLICATION
re PRESENTATIONS SPRING 2011 • VOL 9 • NO 2
WHAT'S INSIDE COVER.
Illustration by Patrick Yan EXECUTIVE STAFF
3.
Letter from the Editor Sondra Morishima
Editor-in-Chief Sondra Morishima
NOTEWORTHY
Art Director Patrick Yan
4.
Fashion Week 2011: The Growing Asian Movement Hits the Runway
Copy Editor
Michelle Lee, Aaron De Jesus & Aaron Hui
Online Editor
Kenny Hsu Patrick Yan
8.
10.
Rise of the Asian American Politician Kenneth Hsu
EDITORIAL BOARD
Individuality Matters: Rising Asian Star Jay Chou
Associate Editors
Sarah Weiyang Chen
Joseph Lin Patrick Yan
12.
The Tube and You
Operations Manager
Soomi Rho
Vicky Yau Staff
FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS
Sarah Weiyang Chen Jae Han
14.
v
Cínské, Japonské nebo Korejské? An Honest and Curious Peering Into the Czech Life Through the Eyes of an Asian American
Kenneth Hsu
Michelle Lee
Jacqueline Mai
Michelle Lee Joseph Lin Soomi Rho
17.
20.
Finding Chino Latino Joseph Lin
REACH OUT TO US
Abroad in Florence: The Process of Generalizing Identity
Caroline Osse
nyu.generasian@gmail.com Blog generasian.tumblr.com
REFLECTIONS
Twitter 22.
Asians Who Can Dance Michelle Lee & Jacqueline Mai
25.
Hikikomori & The Model Minority Jae Han
28.
Staff Picks: Best of 2011 Generasian Staff
2
What’s Inside this Issue of Generasian
@nyugenerasian
LETTER EDITOR from the
A
s I write this, winter is coughing up its last few cold spells and slowly giving
US, even, Asian Americans are faced with what seems like foreign territory, entering never-
way to a warmer and sunnier spring. To honor this
before-accessed political offices and pioneering a
renewal of life, the staff at Generasian has been
strong YouTube presence. Similarly, contributors
busy chronicling fresh shifts in the representations
from the fashion industry give you the insider’s
of Asians in America and around the world.
look into the complex relationship between Asian
Although stereotypes of Asians as a monolithic
Americans and fashion production, charting
group confined to specific roles in society are still
the rise of Asian designers where normally they
very prevalent, there has been definite progress
would be found in the factories and behind-the-
in the past few years. Quite recently, we have seen
scenes production. In pop culture, attitudes and
Asians in unexpected places—internationally,
stereotypes are further challenged by Asians
professionally, and culturally—challenging
who can dance (what? really?) and old Hollywood
mainstream beliefs and paving the way into
roles revamped, such as Kato in The Green Hornet.
historically exclusive spaces. re PRESENTATIONS
Loopholes in the Model Minority Myth also
is not only about how we present ourselves in
complicate long-standing assumptions, and expose
“new” fields such as fashion, media, the arts,
the need to continue changing our representations
and other areas where Asians are a definite
in society. Throughout this issue, you will find
minority, but also how we are key to changing
our writers offering re-presentations of the Asian
perspectives on race—replacing outdated ideas of
American image. Whether from international
what it means to be Asian socially and politically.
experiences or from your television or computer
re PRESENTATIONS is also a nod towards the new
screen, the wide variety of material they draw
ways Asians are referenced in popular culture
from is a clear indicator that the Asian American
and how these new images mark a changing face
identity and presence is quickly entering new
from the old. While there is still a ways to go in
territories. So dive in, and see how those on
righting long-standing misrepresentations and
campus and around the world are changing
redefining for ourselves our complex identities and
preconceived notions through re PRESENTATIONS
experiences, there has been significant change.
of themselves and their communities.
G
This edition of Generasian delves deeply into the challenges of Asian American identity in the modern age. Follow three writers to various study abroad sites—Argentina, Florence, and
Sondra Morishima is Editor-in-Chief of Generasian,
Prague—and hear about the questions they face
studying Politics and Asian/Pacific/American studies. She
defining themselves in foreign situations. In the
hopes you’re more prepared for your future than she is.
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3
FASHION WEEK 2011 Growing Asian Movement Hits the Runway by Michelle Lee, Aaron De Jesus, & Aaron Hui
In light of Fashion Week's fall collection events, Catherine A. Traywick, blogger for San Francisco-based Hyphen magazine, raised the issue of the “mainstays of Asian-inspired fashion.” Her entry is one of many recent articles that have acknowledged the fiercely growing pool of Asian American designers and models in the past several decades. Arts and style enthusiasts and critics of publications, including CNN, The New York Times, FashionMag.com, and the San Francisco Chronicle, have kept an eye on the emerging Asian American face and look in fashion. In her recent blog about NYU professor Thuy Linh Nguyen Tu’s book, The Beautiful Generation: Asian Americans and the Cultural Economy of Fashion, Traywick highlighted commentary made by Tu, who hones in on the impact of Asian American designers, as well as how the Asian American look has manifested itself throughout history as part of the continuously changing and developing fashion sphere. Two NYU students and fashion-aspiring enthusiasts offer their take on what this means for Asian Americans and the fashion industry. Michelle Lee is a junior majoring in English & American Literature at the College of Arts and Sciences with a minor in Producing through the Tisch School of Arts.
T
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here are countless articles published about
Professor Tu mentioned that one of the
the “emerging talent of young Asian American
only times when the designers she interviewed
designers” which go on to mention names like
mentioned their Asian identity was in relation to
Phillip Lim, Thakoon, Alexander Wang, and
the garment workers who produced their fashions.
Jason Wu. And while it may be hard to ignore
In this ironic situation, an Asian occupies one of
this “movement,” I often wonder whether their
the highest paying levels of the industry (fashion
being Asian has little to do with their clothes.
designer) and one of the lowest (garment worker).
While each may employ some Asian-style
Professor Tu also shared that many of these
silhouettes (just as Marc Jacobs or Nicole Miller
designers did not graduate with a degree and were
would), many of the Asian American designers
often self-taught or learned from their families.
have a classic American sportswear aesthetic.
Moreover, many of the younger generation got
However, after a discussion in my “Cultures
their start interning for someone like Vera Wang
and Contexts: Asian Pacific Americans” class
or Anna Sui. Such conditions do not explicitly
led by Professor Thuy Linh Tu, I learned that
deal with the aesthetics of the fashion, yet they
the connecting thread goes beyond the visual.
contribute to the total experience. Their clothes
Fashion Week 2011: Growing Asian Movement Hits the Runway
1
don’t have to revolve around kimono sleeves or
that I call non-fashion, works differently. It
embroidered silk to make them Asian American
creates its visual projections primarily to illustrate
designers. The experiences that lead up to the
the confirmation of established custom, and to
clothes are what inform this movement.
embody the desire for stable meaning even if
We spent a large portion of the class discussing
custom changes—it is normative.” She proceeds
the effects of traditional garb on the runways
to refer to this as anti-fashion, not to suggest
and how they might come off as disturbing.
that traditional wear isn’t attractive, but in an
Immediately I thought about a passage from
effort to acknowledge fashion as ever changing,
one of my readings for my Style & Society class,
subversive, and temporary. This is why when the
which made a distinction between fashion and
two attempt to collide, as in the case of Givenchy’s
traditional clothing. In “Sex and Suits,” Anne
burka, their integration becomes controversial.
Hollander states, “Traditional dress, everything
I connect with this discussion on Asian American designers as an aspiring fashion
The experiences that lead up to the clothes are what inform this movement designer myself. Being an Asian American not too much younger than Wu and Wang, I wonder (if I find success) if I will be automatically lumped into that group simply because of my race. Yet, I also think about the significance of the last name in this industry, as the clothes literally bear their name tags. What kind of feeling is evoked when the customer sees a garment with the name Wang, Lim, Lam, or Wu? Does this play a role in perpetuating this group of designers as a movement? Surely there are Asian American designers who head houses that don’t bear their name as the brand. How do they fit in within this group, or do they? And what about me, an Asian American designer with a Spanish last name? Aaron De Jesus is a junior at NYU’s Steinhardt School majoring in Studio Art and a young aspiring Asian American designer. His interests entail art, graphic design, as well as fashion design. Photo courtesy of fashioninquisitive.com
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5
FASHION WEEK 2011 continued
R
eading this article [by Catherine A. Traywick on Hyphen] brought back
another New York Times article I read about Asian American fashion designers back in September [“Asian-Americans Climb Fashion Industry Ladder” by Eric Wilson, Sept. 4, 2011]. The article talked about rising stars such as Jason Wu, Derek Lam, Richard Chai, and Alexander Wang—all Asian American designers with unique aesthetics and quickly growing successes in the fashion industry. The article focuses on their accomplishments and how they have opened up opportunities in Asia. Now, the Asian market is increasing (Peter Som comments on how his business thrives the most in Asia); people in Asia are inspired by these designers; and more and more international students [of Asian descent] are showing up at schools like FIT and Parsons. Returning to this article brought back some of my hesitations about Asian culture in fashion. Why must these Asian influences always be seen as this “exotic Other?” I realize that designers like Jason Wu and Alexander Wang are successful because they create amazing clothes and have an innovative style—not because they play the race card. Should they be defined by the color of their skin or their talent? They all have very specific visions, can tailor a perfect jacket, and just happen to be Asian—should race really play a role, aside from being an inspiration for those pursuing the industry in Asia?
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Fashion Week 2011: Growing Asian Movement Hits the Runway
1
Already in the past two seasons, there
stated, Asian metaphors have been around for
have been a good handful of designers who
numerous seasons; so when Louis Vuitton sent
have integrated Asian culture into their work.
out their models in what literally could have
We have Rodarte’s Spring and Summer (SS)
been a Japanese kimono, I was already bored.
collection of 2011 (the Mulleavy sisters utilized
However, Rodarte’s take on Chinese culture
Chinese vase patterns on some of their dresses),
is what I like to see—it’s fresh yet subtle, and
Louis Vuitton SS 2011 (Marc Jacobs took a very
doesn’t scream, “This was inspired by ASIA!”
literal take on “Oriental”), Givenchy Couture SS 2011 (Riccardo Tisci created a collection inspired by Japanese dancer Kazuo Ohno, and Japanese robot toys), Chanel Pre-Fall 2010 (the city of Shanghai inspired Lagerfeld with this collection), and of course, the most recent Ralph Lauren collection. Also, Harper’s Bazaar’s March 2011 issue features model Magdalena Frackowiak in a tourist-themed shoot that
A man in a panda costume, a martial artist, and a plethora of Chinese temples—was all this necessary to drive the point home?
centers around Chinatown, focusing on Chinese stereotypes such as martial artists and pandas. So, it’s great that so many designers still find
It becomes an issue when designers like
interest in Asian cultures, and that the Asian
Philip Lim, Peter Som, and Derek Lam are
market is consistently growing. However, it
regarded because they’re Asian, not because of
makes me uncomfortable when designers play
their skill. It is inspiring that Asian American
up those stereotypes. For example, Ralph Lauren
designers have become an integral part of the
and Givenchy used a majority of Asian models
fashion industry, but that’s because they all
for their shows (Givenchy used exclusively
happen to be true fashion visionaries. I think
Asian models), and the Harper’s Bazaar shoot
it’s true, fashion is becoming more and more
had a man in a panda costume, a martial artist,
influenced by the Asian culture, but when
and a plethora of Chinese temples—was all
they’re presented with such literal symbolism
this necessary to drive the point home? Do
and stereotypes and when the actual design and
they have to use Asian stereotypes in order to
tailoring become obscured by the color of the
emphasize the Oriental influence? As the article
creator, that’s where I find problems. A great collection can be inspired by Asian culture (as per the example with Rodarte), but it does not have to have ASIA boldly plastered all over it.
Harper’s Bazaar’s March 2011 issue revolves
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around model Magdalena Frackowiak walking through Chinatown accompanied
Aaron Hui is a junior in Gallatin studying consumer
by stereotypical Chinese associations.
behavior and focusing on its technological impact on communication. He has interned for Indian-American designer Naeem Khan, Harper’s Bazaar magazine, and currently interns for stylist Katie Mossman.
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7
RISE
of the
ASIAN AME
by Kenneth Hsu
O
n New Year’s Day of 2010, John
Court justice—the first Asian American outside
C. Liu was sworn in as New York
of the Ninth Circuit. Goodwin Liu is expected
City’s comptroller in front of elected officials who had already made their mark on City
For some observers, this new class of Asian
Hall—two former mayors, several Congress
American lawmakers might merely signify that
members, an entire city council and a certain
a surge of Asian American interest in politics is
billionaire mayor returning for a third term.
underway, or that such candidates are simply
The day’s pomp and circumstance, however,
more electable in heavily Asian American
revealed itself in the audience. Hundreds of
districts. Some suggest that a White House led by
supporters—Koreans from Queens, Chinese from
an African American president has empowered
Manhattan, Pakistanis from Brooklyn—unified in
people of color across the board, and that a rising
chant when the Taiwanese immigrant-cum-New
generation of minority politicians is imminent.
York City comptroller took the stage: “Liuuuuuu!” It was an inspiring scene, and clearly moved
While these suggestions are likely true, examining the biography of each rising
the first Asian American elected to a citywide
Asian American politician individually
office in New York when he made his address.
implies something less obvious.
But it was not an unfamiliar sight—after all,
Each hardly came from a privileged
Liu is only one of several Asian Americans
background, and each is either an immigrant
giving inauguration speeches lately.
or was born to immigrants. None of them
In northern California, the Bay Area has
directly entered government, but rather
introduced two Asian American mayors in the past
were impassioned enough to transition
year—Jean Quan in Oakland and Edwin Lee in San
their career towards public service.
Francisco—while John Chiang was reelected for
John Liu began working to support his family
his second term as California’s State Controller.
at the age of seven before entering finance and
Ohio Representative Steve Austria became the
eventually being elected to the City Council. Quan
first Filipino American in Congress when he was
was a doctor before becoming an education reform
elected in 2008. At the same time, Los Angeles area
organizer. Chu was a psychology professor before
Representative Judy Chu was selected to chair the
running for City Council. Goodwin Liu graduated
Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus.
with a degree in biology and physiology before
Even outside of elected offices, last year Denny Chin was seated as a United States Appeals Court judge—one step below Supreme
8
to share the same job title later this year.
Rise of the Asian American Politician
clerking for Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Inevitably, these successful transitions into government offices are often surprising. Like the
ERICAN POLITICIAN President, none of the above officials were given
benefits of immigration reform, advocating for
the advantage of a familiar Western name, and
increased government attention to underserved
none was blessed with a background of political
communities, and celebrating this country’s
status. Each was forced to overcome institutional
rich diversity. As newer generations learn the
barriers—racial, lingual, socioeconomic—in order
history of Asian heritage in the United States,
to pursue these positions of leadership (let alone
and as tools for expression become more and
to be elected) and commit to public service.
more accessible, this trend of civic engagement
This is a familiar narrative, one that past generations of Americans have witnessed in other leaders of historic social change, regardless of race. Still, it’s not an easy one to write. In the context of government, it’s easy
only continues to grow. Now, they’re voting for leaders from the same background. And while Liu, Quan, Chu and others mentioned are certainly benefitting from such grass roots support, not even a majority of
to attribute success at the ballot to effective
their constituents are Asian American. This
political maneuvering or the luck of “right
signifies their success not as Asian American
place at the right time,” especially for stories
government elected officials, but more
like Liu, Quan, and Chu, who all barely won
importantly as elected officials who happen to
close races in highly diverse districts.
be Asian American. They are the face not only
Each was forced to overcome institutional barriers—racial, lingual, socioeconomic—in order to pursue these positions of leadership However, this approach fails to look beyond the city halls and state capitols. Maybe their collective success as politicians, judges, doctors, lawyers,
of a rising Asian American political class, but also of the future leaders of this country. Thus, their own biographies are evidence of a
and teachers is not merely opportunism and
character ambitious enough to accept the challenge
electability, and instead is something that reflects
of public office, but it’s the growing momentum
a larger trend. Each of their individual stories
of Asian American activism that makes their
reveals evidence of an authentic desire to create
work inspiring and, to those who attribute
change, a fabric shared not only by some of the
their success to mere electability, surprising.
G
most influential pioneers throughout history, but by the Asian American community as a whole. For decades, Asian American citizens have been active in understanding first-hand the
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Kenneth Hsu is a senior studying Politics in the College of Arts and Science, with a minor in Social & Public Policy in the Wagner School of Public Service.
@nyugenerasian
9
INDIVIDUALITY MATTERS Rising Asian Star Jay Chou
by Sarah Weiyang Chen
J
ay Chou, one of the most famous and
video director. Unlike other popular singers who
talented pop stars in Asia, successfully
focus on love and romance, Chou incorporates
made his Hollywood debut this January. Recently,
his own outlook on life and society into his songs.
Chou flew to California to star in The Green Hornet
Many Chinese people prefer to fawn over other
alongside Seth Rogan and Cameron Diaz. This
countries and foreign trends, so when Chou
performance established Chou’s reputation in
expressed his love for Asian culture and urged his
America as one of the most popular stars in the
fans to do the same in Fantasy—the album that
world. Chou’s success is probably not surprising
brought him fame—his music became a huge hit.
to Asians, as he is a superstar in Asia with ten albums and performances in seven movies. Chou caught international attention with his
a popular star must be handsome, articulates
role in The Green Hornet, which was first produced
clearly, and sings about romance, accommodating
in the 1960s. It originally starred Bruce Lee, one of
public desires rather than showing individuality.
the earliest Chinese American stars. Lee’s excellent
In the critical eyes of Chinese people, many pop
performance of the main role Kato, the martial
stars these days have good looks but are empty-
arts expert, made it difficult for Chou to reenact
minded, creating pop music that is nothing but
this character. In the face of this challenge, Chou
shallow and vulgar. No one anticipated that a pop
added new elements to his character: he makes
star could be talented, let alone bring change to
coffee, designs cars, cracks jokes, and performs
society and culture, influencing social ideologies.
magic. However, he has always believed that Asian
Although Chou’s conventional looks, shy
stars should not only be recognized in Hollywood
nature, and unglamorous background made
movies as kung fu masters, which is why Chou
him an unlikely celebrity, he has successfully
insisted on displaying his piano skills in the movie
revolutionized and dominated contemporary
and having his own song played at the end of it.
Asian pop. Chou’s individuality started a new
Chou is an incredible multi-tasker. Starting
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Before Chou’s appearance in the Asian entertainment industry, it was assumed that
era of popular culture in Asia. As a singer, he
as a composer and lyricist ten years ago, he
combines R&B and traditional Chinese music
became a singer, music producer, and music
styles in his songs and deliberately mumbles
Individuality Matters: Rising Asian Star Jay Chou
Photo courtesy of jayclub.com.tw
youth to show both mental and physical strength to the world in his songs. When he got the chance to break into Hollywood, he hoped to tell the Western world that the Chinese have many talents by presenting himself as a versatile person. Beyond his kung fu role in The Green Hornet, Chou brings his other skills to the world stage: his traditional Chinese music style, support for traditional Chinese values, audacity to pursue his dreams, and uncompromising individuality. Just as he never doubted that music could be a way of communicating in the world, language does not
Westerners regarded China as the “sick man of Asia,” but Chou believes that Chinese people can break this stereotype
seem to be a barrier to him. Chou once jokingly remarked that he knew no more English than his dialogue in the movie. But no one says that English is the very first requirement for stepping into Hollywood. It is not which language he can speak, but who he is that makes Chou a great success on the stage of global entertainment. Throughout his career in the past ten years, he has shown the world that there is no limitation, no boundary that cannot be broken, bringing the
his lyrics, regarding it as his trademark. Since
inspiration that Asians should never be limited
society never had high expectations for popular
to their stereotype and instead should be daring
singers, Chou faced much skepticism when he
enough to express their individuality to the world.
became an actor and later a film director. But the
In his latest Sprite advertisement, Chou
six million dollar box office revenue of his self-
co-starred with Kobe Bryant, the Lakers All-
directed movie, The Secret, proved his competence.
Star guard. The commercial’s theme song, “the
Chou remarked that it had always been his
Heaven and Earth Challenge,” was written by
dream to direct a movie of his own, featuring his
Chou, and sung by Chou and Bryant together.
piano skills and the theme of youth, regardless
This breaking collaboration gave us reason to
of what others said. He showed the world that
believe that stereotypes can be broken. Chou has
he dared to innovate and maintain his vision.
led the trend of a new age of Chinese popular
This year, with his appearance in Hollywood,
culture and revealed its spirit of innovation
he further showcased his individuality and
and individuality—maintaining his values,
attempted to change social norms in the West.
instead of compromising with existing social
Due to China’s closed-door policy around the turn
ideologies. With his message, we can have
of the twentieth century, Westerners had failed
the confidence that we Asian Americans are
to comprehensively understand Chinese culture.
also able to reshape social norms, creating all
Westerners regarded China as the “sick man of
kinds of new possibilities in our future.
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Asia” because they were not as technologically and industrially advanced back then. But Chou
Sarah Chen is a sophomore studying Environmental Studies
believes that Chinese people can break this
in CAS. She is a huge fan of Jay Chou and a girl who was
stereotype and he has already encouraged Chinese
influenced by his music throughout the past ten years.
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11
the
TUBE YOU &
by Soomi Rho
S
earch “Asian” and “YouTube” on
talk show would reach number one in the ratings?
Google, and among the many results
There might be many reasons for this—namely
a Yahoo! Answers page comes up asking:
one that deals inevitably with racism. It is that
“Why are Asians so popular on YouTube?”
quiet, underlying shock that comes with seeing
That question is not ungrounded. Just skim
yellow upon a usually white plane that may
through the top most subscribed users of all
cause the greater American population, whether
time and at number one, nigahiga takes the
we like to admit it or not, a slight discomfort. In
throne. Among the top 100 are also kevjumba,
fact, many Asians themselves are prone to point
MichellePhan, communitychannel, davichoimusic,
out that the Asian characters in a television
HappySlip, bubzbeauty, pyrobooby, and
show because it’s just not a common sight.
WongFuProductions just to name a few. From
racism defined as “whiteness” plays a part in
Asians hold top spots for a wide range of genres.
this issue. No ethnicity or race is guiltier over
Taking a look at the most popular television
the other—we all do it, this subtle racism that
shows of 2010, TV.com shows us that even the
places blonde hair and a light skin tone as the
most popular television shows, such as NCIS,
norm. No one would question a white actor or
Bones, Glee, Gossip Girl, and other well-known
actress winning the best actor title at the Oscars,
titles, have little or no Asian-influenced content.
but if an Asian actor were to one day rise to such
We can also look at the most popular television
a position, you can bet Asian American blogs
talk show hosts: Judge Judy, Ellen DeGeneres, Regis
will be alight with praises and victory chants.
and Kelly, David Letterman, and Oprah—again, we
Why is it such a battle to separate the Asian
see no Asian personalities in this list. Even the top
from the actor, or from anyone else rising within
artists of 2010 from Billboard.com contains Lady
our mainstream media for that matter?
Gaga, Usher, Justin Bieber, Rihanna, and more but lacks any Asian presence in at least the top 80. What, then, can explain the disparity between
Grace Elizabeth Hale, assistant professor of American History at the University of Virginia, explains in her book, Making
a growing Asian presence in arguably one of
Whiteness: “Central to the meaning of
the most up-and-coming media platforms and
whiteness is a broad collective American
mainstream media? Though there are plenty of
silence. The denial of white as a racial
YouTube celebrities not of Asian ethnicity, the fact
identity, the denial that whiteness
that the Asian American community stands out is
has a history, allows the quiet, the
because their particular presence in new media
blankness, to stand as the norm.”
platforms is striking. Why in such a unique outlet
12
To bring it into more perspective, a subtle
singer-songwriters to comedic personalities,
Perhaps whiteness is central
do we see top videos by Asian personalities, yet
in the disparity between
on television, it might be safe to say there’s not
Asian presence in YouTube
much of a good chance that an Asian personality
versus mainstream media,
The Tube & You
and what is perhaps more striking
million and a half subscribers can then
personalities, singers, and make up
is that Asians might be guiltier of
watch his videos without the tugging
gurus can find an easier way to express
adopting this notion of whiteness
notion that his face does not fit the
themselves and reach millions of
as the norm than anyone else. The
type of face that people are often used
viewers without that “norm” standing
aforementioned YouTube celebrities
to seeing in a wide-reaching form of
in the way. Yet, even on YouTube,
Perhaps it is that his making light of his own culture sends subtle message to the world that it is okay to exploit a culture in this way
in which the user exercises such previously unseen freedom in their content, there is something that clicks in many Asian vloggers that makes them resistant to keeping their jokes, singing abilities, or make-up advice separate from their culture. This is not
all have or still incorporate Asian
media. HappySlip, in turn, reached
to say that there are plenty of Asian
culture into their videos, sometimes
her fame when she created scenarios
YouTube celebrities that do not make
even poking fun at it. Kevjumba, for
in which she also used her immigrant
any references to their culture, not even
instance, often includes his father
Filipino parents as her subject and
in their profile sidebar. Yet we come
into his videos and makes light of the
imitated their often hilarious and
back to MichellePhan, a popular make-
fact that his immigrant father can be
exaggerated social habits. Pyrobooby
up guru with over 350 million views and
naïve to American culture. This playful
is perhaps a more extreme case: most
counting, who has named her second
bantering is not mean-spirited, but the
of his video titles start with “Chinese
channel “ricebunny.” In addition,
fact that Kevin Hu (kevjumba’s real
Guy…,” and this, indeed, Chinese guy
a popular independent production
name) feels compelled to acknowledge
(alias Peter Chao) sports an obnoxious
company, Wong Fu Productions
the awkward assimilation of Asian
and excessive Chinese accent in all
is, well, WongFuProductions.
and American culture functions to
his videos. Ironically enough, one
get the uncomfortable notion that he
of them is titled “Chinese Guy HATES
YouTube’s user-generated platform
himself doesn’t fit the “norm” of a
RACISM!” in which his response to the
does not stand in the way of allowing
media personality. It is almost as if
comments that say he is racist is: “I
the chance of anyone—no matter
there is a need to get the elephant in
can do whatever the f--- I want!” Yet
what his or her ethnicity—to get
the room out of the way so that his a
we wonder what his consequences
in the way of potentially explosive
are—the consequences of his self-
fame. It is up to you, then, to use
imposed racism. Perhaps it is that his
the 21st century Tube effectively.
making light of his own culture sends
Depending on what direction the users
a subtle message to the world that it is
take, perhaps the fame Asians have
okay to exploit a culture in this way.
created for themselves on YouTube
Chao defends his videos by saying that
can make it easier for whiteness to
they are to be taken humorously and
disappear as the norm as American
not offensively. But once his take on
culture becomes comfortable with
Asian culture is interpreted in a racist
the notion of a different type of face
way, it can lead to a slew of ignorant
appearing in front of their television
stereotypes and generalizations.
sets. The danger is, of course, that
If whiteness is really the reason for the lack of an Asian presence in
At the end of the day, however,
YouTube remains the only plane on which yellow can be expressed.
G
mainstream media, then on a user-
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Soomi Rho is a freshman majoring in
we might see that Asian American
Media, Culture and Communication.
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Cínské, Japonské nebo Korejské? An Honest and Curious Peering Into the Czech Life Through the Eyes of an Asian American by Michelle Lee
“I
t’s 3:48 am. I’m procrastinating
Either way, missing my Asian
either were stamped by a machine
foods was one thing I learned to deal
or were monthly—no turnstiles, no
some snacks at M2M right now.”
with later on (putting it more into the
guards), which resulted in the grunt
Oh, how I missed walking to
perspective of you’ll-appreciate-it-so-
or a curious look of the big-bodied
Morning 2 Midnight Asian food market
much-more-when-you’re-back-home).
Czech men who had poked my shoulder
in New York during my study abroad in
But missing that feeling of blending in
just too hard that minute ago.
Prague, Czech Republic. There would
the crowd was another. I often found
be times when I wished I could open
myself uncomfortable, as older Czech
a reason: to think less of myself,
my fridge to inhale that inexplicable
people stared at me, failing horribly to
and to try learning more of others.
smell of kimchee that my non-Korean
be subtle. I dearly missed walking the
After having taken a week-long
friends would cringe at. After having
streets of Manhattan, where no one
intensive Czech language course, I
spoiled myself in Manhattan for
had to do a double-take to notice that
decided to try putting my basic Czech
two years, where I could hop over to
I had an Asian face—a normal thing
into some good use and walked to
Saint’s Alp to grab a quick bubble tea,
around here in the city. I frequently
the mini grocery store across the
or sprint to St. Mark’s where I could
found myself a target of those whose
street from my dorm, Osadni.
indulge myself with some Bonchon soy
jobs were to randomly check public
I was surprised to see a young,
garlic chicken wings, I found myself
transit passengers for their tickets,
bored Asian woman sitting behind the
with intense Asian food cravings,
often aiming at tourists (as the public
ancient looking register, cozy-ed up in
being highly unsatisfied by the not-
transportation system in Prague was
her jacket. Trying to hide my surprise,
so-Asian Czech cuisine in Prague.
run by a trust basis, where passes
I said, with an attempt at cheer, “Dobry
again. Really wish I could get
14
v
Cínské, Japonské nebo Korejské?
Nonetheless, I was there for
den [good day].” Without looking up, the woman
European country, where most of them started
replied immediately with a half-hearted, “dobry
partaking in the small business sector.
den,” enunciating the “y” at the end just like every
Later on in the semester was when I met Fugi
native Czech person I met, except for the “r” sound
Nguyen. As a hip-hop dance team member, I,
that had a distinct yet unrecognizable accent.
along with a friend, had made it a goal to meet
Did non-Asian Czech children ever have their own taunting version of “ching-chong-linglong-ting-tong?”
other hip-hop dancers in Prague—to discover the scene here, in this small Central European country. Taking classes at Dance Academy Prague (DAP) had connected us, just as we had hoped, to those young people—one of whom was Fugi. Often, he would be standing in front of the entrance door, loitering in his black or dark blue fitted jeans, kicks, fitted shirts, and fitted hats, smoking multiple cigarettes, and greeting with a drawling, thick-accented “Wass-up bah-by,” added
But the moment she looked up, our eyes met awkwardly and within that fraction of a
by the traditional European kiss on the cheek. Looking back, I regret not having asked him
second sent a sort of invisible transmission,
more about his experience being an Asian Czech
with a gentle look of curiosity. What are you?
citizen. Did children make fun of him while
I silently and ignorantly asked in my head.
he was growing up, pulling their eyes back to
The encounter intrigued me. Normally, it
emulate Asians’ stereotypical small eyes? Did
would have been my natural inclination to try and
non-Asian Czech children ever have their own
guess her ethnic background. It’s a little game that
taunting version of “ching-chong-ling-long-ting-
I play (and I’m not alone), guessing the ethnicity
tong”? Or was his life completely normal, and
of an Asian person. But with her, I was puzzled.
was he fully accepted into the Czech community
In fact, what had surprised me even more later on was just how often Asian Czech citizens
without any feeling of discrimination? We had the pleasure of being invited to Fugi’s
owned these mini grocery stores. Of all the
VIP birthday party held at the prominent Prague
stores I would shop at in Prague, not one was
nightclub SaSaZu. Let’s just say that that was
owned by a non-Asian, and I had been in a good
the first and perhaps only time I encountered
number of them—more than a dozen to say
such a huge number of Czech Asians at once,
the least. Finally, after much curiosity, I asked
and I was curious to find that in this alcohol-
my RA Vendula with whom I shared a suite.
induced ambience, these young Czech Asians
“They are Vietnamese,” she answered. The
had just about the same kind of character that
Vietnamese population was one of the leading
could almost be compared to the infamous
minorities in the Czech Republic, coming
upcoming K-Town reality show. Glittered up
third after the Slovak and Romany minorities.
Asian (mostly Vietnamese) girls strutted in
Several decades ago, the Czech Republic and
their short dresses, abnormally large heels, and
Vietnam had agreed, under their perspective
thick black eyeliner above their eyelids, while
Communist-led governments, that Vietnamese
the young gentlemen lounged in their t-shirts,
citizens could work in the Czech Republic as
leather jackets, fitted pants, and sneakers.
guest workers. After the fall of communism
But several times, Fugi had found himself
in what was formerly Czechoslovakia until
landing in street fights where white Czechs would
1989, many of the Vietnamese—if not, most
assume he did not understand them, bashing
of them—decided to remain and raise their
words at him that were basically the equivalent
children in this opportunity-filled Central
of hateful terms like “chink” or “jap” and often
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Photo courtesy of travelglobep.com
ending up with bloody fights between him and the perpetrators. Nobru, a young Brazilian hip-hop dancer who lived in Prague as a resident, had befriended Fugi at the DAP studio and often witnessed his violent encounters. “It’s partly his fault,” Nobru explained. “But some of the sh-t people would
pair of Czech-speaking tourists from
harmonious than it often appears. It
say was, you know, pretty messed up.
taking my picture—of me, only!—
was a pleasant conversation and one
Like, man, we’re in the 21st century.”
while I tried to sit peacefully in the
of those moments where it started
park to read. Another time, while
hitting me that I would be leaving
here, because they are the only
taking a bus home from Munich, a
Prague. Despite the frustrations I
ones in the Czech Republic who
quite large Czech woman menacingly
faced and the uncomfortable feeling of
are willing to keep their stores
and disgustingly sneered, “Čínska
standing out, I developed an ability to
open late at night,” said one Czech
[Chinese]!!!” right in front of my face.
move forward, ignore and weed those
“Many people like the Vietnamese
RA I knew. “They work hard.” Despite the thick language barrier
Could my emotional reaction
feelings out, and dig deeper to discover
to those incidents that have been a
the pleasures of Prague—all of which
between me and these citizens, I
reflection of my insecurity? Well,
required discipline, patience, and an
sensed the Asian-ness, noticing
let’s just say that the idea of “stepping
even more open mind than I thought I
that the only lights in the streets
out of your comfort zone” was
had. I would miss Prague’s unbelievably
of Prague were often lit by the
something I definitely experienced
affordable living, its beautiful sites and
“Mini-Market” signs of these small,
while being abroad in Prague. One of
historic European scenery, the small
Vietnamese-owned grocery stores.
those experiences was my internship,
and tight NYU in Prague community,
where I had the opportunity to help
the nightlife, and the ability to travel on
Republic wasn’t nearly enough for
But the Asian population in Czech
organize the Forum 2000 Foundation’s
a whim—which made me feel nostalgic.
me to comfortably blend in as I could
annual conference series. It had been a
do in Manhattan. Was it flattering
pleasurable experience, meeting figures
package given generously to me
when men whistled and hollered at
from all over the world (including
from all of the employers at the
my “exotic-ness?” I know I shouldn’t
Fareed Zakaria and president of the
Foundation. “You didn’t have to do
have cared, ideally. But the first times
former Czechoslovakia, Vaclav Havel)
that!” I exclaimed at them. But, we
were frustrating and intimidating,
who came to the conferences to discuss
carried on with our goodbyes and
especially when I would be traveling
the arts, culture, politics, religion,
our keep-in-touch’s. We barely ever
Prague, alone. After getting over the
science, and various social issues.
established any amount of personal
At the end of the internship, I
friendship, and yet, my supervisor
first few stares in the subway and
I left the internship with a tiny
trams, I firmly accepted it as something
found myself in deep conversation
thought to get me a thoughtful, small
I would simply have to ignore. In fact, I
with one of my employers. It was a
gift. Deep in my already nostalgic
would joke about it with a close friend
conversation about how much Prague
thoughts, I opened the package while
of mine, who was an African American
had impacted me in some of the most
sitting on the tram ride home, finding
female herself—and African American
unexpected ways that I could have
inside a card and a large chocolate
females too, were very hard to come
never experienced being in New
bar—a chocolate bar titled, “Geisha.”
by in Prague. But anytime I noticed
York. I shared with her experiences
that a person was obviously checking
where I immersed myself in a totally
Michelle Lee is a junior, majoring in
out my features or muttering about
different culture with a unique
English and American Literature at the
me to their friend, rarely did I stop
history, and met people that despite
College of Arts and Sciences with a minor
myself from muttering a few words
being different, often shared with me
in Producing through the Tisch School
of frustration. I was so enraged one
similarities that only further confirmed
of Arts. She studied abroad in Prague,
time that I had stubbornly refused a
that the world could be much more
Czech Republic in the fall of 2010.
16
v
Cínské, Japonské nebo Korejské?
G
FINDING CHINO LATINO The search for self, home and chino latino in Buenos Aires takes an NYU student to laundromats, restaurants, and tacky souvenir stores. by Joseph Lin
I
bought myself a voice recorder before I left for Argentina. It was as if I had anticipated that I
Sylvia is delighted to be interviewed—she talks as if the whole world should know her
would speak into the device in Chinese to articulate
story. She’s over-the-top and gesticulative
and re-articulate myself with my ever-slipping
like a typical Argentine. I don’t need to
muscle memory of the Chinese language. Where
translate because she talks for herself. Curious
were the AAA batteries? I wanted to start recording.
customers come in and out, eavesdropping on our interview. No one has ever bothered to
Q
feature her before and she loves the spotlight.
Mid-semester, I mentioned that I wanted
Tired of the monotony of working in a
to record an interview with her for a class
garment factory in industrial Shanghai, Sylvia
project on the Chinese community in Buenos
immigrated alone to Buenos Aires in 1985, “China
Aires. Sylvia enthusiastically said yes. I
is communist. Argentina is more free,” she tells
turned on the voice recorder and began
me, curiously echoing the same Cold War ideology
talking in Mandarin, until she interrupted:
my Taiwanese parents often invoke in defending
“Are we doing this interview in Spanish
their faith in America. China didn’t provide Sylvia
or not? Your classmates won’t understand what
the opportunities that she wanted to improve her
we’re saying.”
life. In the 1970s at the end of China’s Cultural
“I thought I would translate…”
Revolution, she recalls her sessions of autocrítica,
“I don’t need a translation.”
where time was set aside from work to talk about
Sylvia Lin is a sixty-year old Shanghainese
how workers could improve themselves to be better
grandma with shoulder-length wavy hair and an
people. Sometimes Sylvia lied in her confessions
unfaltering sassiness. I first met her on the day I
out of pure annoyance: “Yesterday an old woman
arrived at my homestay in Barrio Norte in the fall
fell and I didn’t go to help her. I made a mistake…”
of ’09 where my host mom, Mariángela, introduced
Sometimes, leaving China for Argentina is for
me to this laundromat two blocks away at the
more personal reasons—like to get back at your
intersection of Charcas and Laprida. I saw Sylvia
ex. Like Sylvia, Señora Zhang left as an act of
every 1.5 weeks, usually when I could no longer
rebellion. In the 1990s after she broke up with her
stand the smell of my laundry or the cheekiness of
boyfriend, Sra. Zhang thought she’d find a place as
my host mom’s comments about Asians (e.g. “All
far away as possible from her native Beijing to find
of you look alike, but at least you’re all beautiful”).
herself again and make her ex miss her. It brought
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17
her to Buenos Aires, Argentina. On the Beijing-Buenos Aires flight she sat next to her soon-to-be husband and together, they opened up a Chinese take-out place in Barrio Norte. I often saw the Zhangs bring along their four-year old son Miguelito into the restaurant when their babysitter wasn’t available. Sylvia, too worked in a Chinese restaurant three days after she immigrated to Argentina in 1985. At the restaurant, she picked up Spanish from her Uruguayan co-workers in the kitchen. She was frugal, going for walks outside the restaurant instead of eating lunch. In two years, she saved enough to sponsor her husband to come to Buenos Aires. “Sos mujer independiente,” I joke, but she waves her hand because I am already stating the obvious. By the time I meet her two decades later, she’s involved herself in a variety of different business ventures—from restaurant worker, to restaurant owner, to grocery store owner, to laundry lady. The laundromat is located in Barrio Norte, an affluent neighborhood of Buenos Aires. Sylvia repeatedly emphasizes
Yes, work can be boring, work can be hard, but at the end of the day, those are excuses. If you need to survive, you need to struggle (luchar).
her work ethic, which she attributes
went to NYU law and my dad awaited
miniscule barrio chino, or Chinatown. I
to her Chinese mentality. Yes, work
his law school acceptance, they both
take the D Line to the Juramento metro
can be boring, work can be hard, but at
worked in a place called “Magic Shoes”
stop. In a big souvenir store, Productos
the end of the day, those are excuses.
on Bleecker Street for little pay and
Orientales, I explain my project to a
If you need to survive, you need to
no commission. My dad sold shoes for
busy Asian female cashier, a woman in
struggle (luchar). She points around at
twelve hours every day of the week
her early 50s. “Lao gong!” she screams
the neighborhood around her—“these
so they wouldn’t have to burden their
out. Her husband, Señor Dai comes
Argentines make excuses.” She
families back home in Taiwan.
from the back of the store. “This young
motions to her two twenty-something
A flash of memory. I recall that
Paraguyan co-workers, “They have a
Chinese laundromats were a common
Chinese work ethic.” She states it clearly
sight in the U.S., especially in the late
me through various turns before
that her Paraguayan co-workers have
19th- early 20th century. They are
he parts the beaded curtains that
been struggling to survive like she has.
working class Chinese people trying
unveil the entrance of his back office.
to etch a living in neighborhoods
He and Sr. Huang are chatting and
where they’re a minority.
sipping tea. They’re eager to talk and
Around the same time Sylvia arrived in Argentina, my parents arrived in the United States in 1987 to attend law school. I had forgotten—this
Q
boy wants to do an interview.” “Follow me,” Sr. Dai says, taking
bicker to each other in Taiwanese. Sr. Huang’s nickname is mingxing, or
was a time before they owned their
My search to record the voice of
celebrity. They both sort of remind
own small law firm. While my mom
chinos latinos takes me to Buenos Aires’
me of my father—big-talkers who
18
Finding Chino Latino
Donated to Buenos Aires by the Chinese
Photo by Joseph Lin
government in 2009, this ornate gate welcomes visitors to Buenos Aires’ barrio chino.
They know they they are probably not moving back to Asia. Se quedan. They are staying.
historical Asian America—the Korean grocers in NYC, the Chinese laundrymen in San Francisco, and Japanese migrant workers on farms in the West Coast. New connections emerge. How are their stories similar to the Japanese drycleaners and farmers, Korean grocers and Chinese restaurant workers in Buenos Aires? How are they different?
(Republic of China) to the People’s
In putting my class project together,
Republic (PRC), increasing the uncertain
why could I only find one detailed
political status of Taiwan. “We came
book recording the presence of chinos
here because everything here is
latinos in 20th century Argentina?
tranquilo,” Sr. Dai says, laying back
In the absence of records, I think
on his leather chair. Indeed it is. They
about stories. I remember the Chinese
treat me to lunch at a restaurant, Lai
grandmother of my best friend, Kim
like to loaf around when they can. I
Lai, where Sr. Huang orders a feast
Lam. Her grandmother cooks a mean
make the mistake of asking if they’re
that is definitely not on the menu.
plate of plátanos because the Lams
from Taipei, like a typical boy with
Q
Taipei roots who thinks his city is the center of everything. They’re from
There are so many stories and
spent some time in D.R. before moving to Panama, where Kim was almost born. I remember hearing Harry
Kaohsiung, down south. Sr. Huang
details, but I do not have the space to do
Shum Jr. from Glee spent his early
immigrated in 1988 and currently
these friends justice. Learning from my
childhood in Limón, Costa Rica, an
owns a cyber bar a few metro stops
talks with Sylvia, the Zhangs and Sr.
area known for its thriving Chinese
away on Calle Florida. Sr. Dai has
Dai and Sr. Huang , I have unseated my
community. They are mostly ancestors
been in Buenos Aires since 1998. I ask
obsession with the U.S. as “America,”
of the railroad laborers whom the
them why they came to Argentina.
and moreover, challenged myself to
U.S. imported from the West Coast
“Why did your parents
broaden the confines of Asian America
to construct the Atlantic Railroad in
go to the U.S.?” Sr. Dai says,
and to think about the chinos latinos in
Costa Rica during the late 1800s. And
flipping the question on me.
Latin America. They left their countries
actually, when I thought hard about
of origin for Argentina as their final
it, I vaguely recall my mother telling
destination, not the United States.
me I had a cousin living in Paraguay.
“Um…they wanted to go to law school, for better opportunities.” Sr. Huang interjects, “There
Though chinos latinos may not have
are two main reasons—it’s
the same cultural values or speak the
Joseph Lin is a senior concentrating in
either political or economic.”
language fluently as native Argentines,
Asian/Pacific/American Studies and
Sr. Dai says that many of the
they know they are probably not
Latino Studies in the Department of
Taiwanese immigrants in Buenos Aires
moving back to Asia. Se quedan. They
Social and Cultural Analysis. He studied
arrived in the period between 1980-
are staying. The term chino, refers to
abroad in Buenos Aires, Argentina in fall
1988, a time of political instability
Chinese, but in common usage, also
2009. The informal interviews in this
back at home. In 1979, the U.S. shifted
takes on the broader meaning of Asian.
article constituted his final project for the
its diplomatic ties from Taiwan
In the “ArgenChinos,” I see glimpses of
course, “La lengua de Buenos Aires.”
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19
ABROAD IN FLORENCE
The Process Process of The of Generalizing Identity Identity Generalizing by Caroline Osse
I
look white. That’s an apparent fact. But
and language, I found that my exchanges and
when you look closely, you can tell that
conversations with Italians have been more
there is some mixture to my skin tone and facial
substantial. With my American accent and slow
features. As a doubly identified mixed American
Italian, I wouldn’t be surprised if an Italian
and Asian American, I find that New York easily
figured out my nationality instantly. But when
catered to my developing identity. The access
venturing out of Florence to smaller Italian towns
to a variety of cuisines and the diversity among
where English is not very widely understood,
New Yorkers and tourists allowed me to fully
Italians are grateful, patient, and engaged
embrace my uncertain identity and, eventually,
when a foreigner attempts to speak Italian.
led me to actually find and understand it through Florence, however, has been another case. Surprisingly, one can easily access a variety
In New York, I’m Asian American. In Florence, I’m just plain American. The generalization seems to make all the
of cuisines. Down my street, there are Japanese,
difference. I have seen dozens of East Asian
Chinese, Spanish, and Mexican restaurants
tour groups flood tourist areas of the city, with
among the variety of essential Italian ones.
their tour leader holding up some sort of sign,
Yet the grocery stores don’t supply frozen
umbrella, or flower for the group to follow. I have
dumplings or bags of rice; the menus at the
seen dozens of East Asians working in cheap shoe
Japanese restaurant have Italian translations
stores or Asian restaurants here in Florence. I
(note: “ravioli” on a Japanese menu is actually
have heard perfect Italian from local Asians.
referring to “dumpling”). There are foreigners everywhere and a variety of languages on the streets. Living minutes away from hot spot tourist sites in each direction, I see visitors from all over the world come to Florence to experience its culture, art, history, and cuisine. Understandably, it has been less common
Are they just Italian? Are they just Asian? Or are they Asian Italian? Italian Asian?
for me to be perceived automatically as Italian in Florence. I didn’t speak a word of Italian upon arriving in Italy, and my appearance does
20
Now that I look back at my own identity
not exactly match up with Italian features.
searching in New York, I wonder how the
But after growing accustomed to the culture
identities of Asians in Italy perceive themselves.
Abroad in Florence: The Process of Generalizing Identity
Photo courtesy of ChrisYunker @ flickr.com
Are they just Italian? Are they just Asian? Or
they predicted her as Japanese. Surprisingly, they
are they Asian Italian? Italian Asian? Just as I
did not seem to note our American accents and
identified myself as Asian American in New
slanged English and jumped straight to seeing my
York but just American in Italy, the mixture
friend as Japanese. I would guess that they would
and integration of race with culture and
just perceive me, however, just as American.
residence affects perception of self-identity.
It is an interesting study, to see how solely
It is something that is constantly changing
appearance can become generalized into one
not because you perceive yourself differently
identifier, and it has only become a magnified
but because others do. Although that, in turn,
component of understanding one’s identity
affects your perception of self as well.
when living in another country. The racial
It is seemingly a loop of confusion and
and ethnic assumptions of others has not at all
identity crises, but in reality it is much more
been associated negatively, but rather gives the
comprehensible. To experience a sudden change
foreigner living in another country another
in how others see you raises doubts in how you
perspective on which to view himself.
G
perceive yourself. But I’m still Asian American and a mixed American. I’m also just an American.
Caroline Osse is a sophomore in the College of Arts
I can add as many labels to myself as I want,
and Science studying Asian Pacific American Studies
because one category just isn’t enough, but it
and Metropolitan Studies with a minor in Business
wasn’t until my studying abroad in Florence, or
Studies. She studied abroad in spring of 2011 in
just going abroad for an extended period of time
Florence, Italy and is planning to study abroad in
away from New York, that this realization came
Shanghai, China for the fall 2011 semester.
to me. Identity is a constantly changing process of self-perception and the perception of others. What I found while abroad this semester, however, is that identity, nationality, and ethnicity become blurred and generalized easily… almost too easily. I overheard a quick conversation in Italian while I was in a cheap clothing store with my Korean American friend. The two women were saying how she was beautiful and so skinny, and
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21
ASIANS
WHO CAN
by Michelle Lee
B
DANCE
obbing her head to the beat
Other east coast teams like
of a Madonna song, Shoey
EPIC Motion include teams such as
its birth during the late 70’s, hip-hop
Sun is busy choreographing for an
Rhythmology, UFP, Project D, Dynamiq
dance, originating from the African
upcoming performance for her crew.
Faction, The Mooks, Nerdz Dance
American communities of New York
Shoey is one of seven leaders of
Troupe, RAPS Dance Troupe, Static
City, has become an art in the hands
EPIC Motion Dance Company, based
Noyze, Capital Funk, and Part-Time
of those from diverse backgrounds.
in Manhattan that was originally
Models—all of which are based in
a part of NYU’s own International
New York City, New Jersey, Boston,
choreographers find inspiration to
Filipino Association dance group.
or Washington D.C. As dance groups
create amidst their busy school and
In the spring of 2009, Ben Fullon,
with many Asian American members,
work lives? YouTube has become a
EPIC’s current executive director,
they all share a common characteristic:
major media outlet through which
branched the group out so that it would
These young people came together
a growing trend of Asian American
become a non-NYU entity, in order
to organize these teams out of their
dancers display their creativity by
to include more non-NYU dancers.
pure interest and passion for dance.
posting videos of their choreography.
Today, EPIC Motion is one of the
“Asian Americans are significant
peaked—which goes to show that since
When do today’s young
Stars like Shaun Evaristo and Lyle
many larger dance groups in the East
in the collegiate dance scene, because I
Beniga continue to be hits as YouTube
Coast collegiate hip-hop scene.
think it’s a way for them to balance their
dance watchers find the two in videos
passion for dance with the more realistic
featuring their dancing as well as work
collegiate teams started out as an
need for them to get a good education,
with Korean pop (K-pop) star, Tae Yang.
extension or side project of an Asian
find a good job, etc.” said Shoey. “That’s
club,” noted one of EPIC’s leaders, Kris
probably why the collegiate dance scene
industry is working and changing
Seto, a graduate of Boston University
consists of many Asian Americans,
the way that dance is viewed,” said
and former member of Boston group
because they are seeking ways to
Shoey. “Therefore, a great dancer
Fusion, and New Jersey group Fr3sh.
keep dancing as part of their lives.”
can be respected and well-known
“Countless numbers of influential
“YouTube is changing the way the
EPIC’s members’ ages range from
At a hip-hop competition like
eighteen to mid-twenties, and many had
Prelude Dance Competition, held in
the underground scene and other
only started dancing for this scene in
many major locales all over the country
dancers at the same time. But in
their early university years. Moreover,
(including Manhattan), many of these
general, I would say, people like Shaun
the majority of EPIC’s members are
collegiate teams gather to display
Evaristo and Lyle Beniga aren't famous
Asian American, representing a
their choreographed sets. Prelude’s
because of their race. They’re just
rapidly growing trend in the faces of
spectators will find that the number
very smart and lucky, and they were
hip-hop within the past few decades.
of Asian Americans participating has
the first ones on that YouTube tip!”
22
Asians Who Can Dance
by the public, and frowned upon by
[sic] strengths in leadership and team
all differences in order to display their
power couple Mariel Martin and Keone
For instance, Filipino American
organization,” said May Matsuo, a
single passion: dance. Regardless of
Madrid from the West Coast received
recent graduate of UC Berkeley who
differences, dance is an artistic outlet
over 3.5 million views of their uploaded
was formerly a leading member of
which any individual is able to pursue,
videos that showcase their newly created
Main Stacks Crew and joined EPIC
so long as they push themselves.
choreography. The two are a part of
Motion this past January. In the
the number of significant YouTube
Hyphen Magazine article, “Dance
Kris. “And I love the feeling. But
star choreographers who represent the
Dance Evolution,” Arnel Carvalio,
the feeling is hard to describe.
West Coast scene. Pioneering hip-hop
founder of Kaba Modern, notes, “When
It’s connecting the physical and
choreography, the couple revolutionizes
you put together discipline, respect,
emotional on a higher wavelength
hip-hop choreography that not only
and a sense of family, that’s really a
that not everyone can achieve.”
adheres to its originating elements
foundation for a successful group.”
but also expands the opportunity
Could hip-hop dance be the new
“I do it because I love it,” says
Thus, it is only fitting to say that hip-hop dance is the form of artistic
to mesh hip-hop with other dance
artistic form of expression that Asian
expression through which many
genres like jazz and modern.
Americans discipline themselves
of today’s young Asian Americans
Hip-hop dance is the form of artistic expression through which many of today’s young Asian Americans are able to express themselves With the influence of media tools,
for in this rapidly growing new
are able to express themselves.
like YouTube, and TV shows exhibiting
generation of hip-hop dancers? Could
hip-hop dance, such as America’s Best
it be the art form that rivals our
impact in the hip-hop scene,” said
Dance Crew and So You Think You
stereotypical pursuits of classical
Shoey. “Perhaps their power comes
Can Dance, dancers in the collegiate
piano and violin? Is hip-hop dance
from number; but talent-wise and
scene have now been able to connect
an alternative outlet to which Asian
knowledge-wise, they are still really
with each other, accumulating to
Americans can apply their sense of
young. If Asian Americans can train
the rise of a new generation of hip-
discipline in tune with raw, pumping
with the right people and learn the
hop dancers like never before.
beats? Could we be seeing more Asian
right foundations, they will continue
American faces in the performance
the hip-hop/urban dance legacy.”
Asian Americans are getting some
“Asian Americans make a huge
attention because of media outlets
industry, with more pop artist
such as YouTube and Facebook,
choreographers, more back-up dancers,
Michelle Lee is a junior, majoring in English
which is why they do impact how
and more performers in general?
& American Literature at the College of Arts
people view urban dance.
With more and more young Asian
Perhaps Asian Americans should
Americans discovering hip-hop dance
be thankful for their culture which
as a creative outlet, young people
emphasizes the importance of discipline,
of numerous diverse backgrounds
a respect for one’s elders, family values,
are coming together in the hip-hop
as well as an essence of self-sacrifice,
dance scene to display their talents
contributing to the betterment of one’s
and share their style with others.
community. “Being part of a team helps
This goes to show that the dance
bring out your identity—not necessarily
community is one that allows its
race-related even—and also identify
members and enthusiasts to put aside
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and Sciences, with a minor in Producing through the Tisch School of Arts.
G
23
ASIANS
WHO CAN
DANCE
CONT'D
Asians Taking the Stage by Jacqueline Mai
C
oinciding with the American
the show has become a platform for
have no purpose in furthering their
public’s growing appreciation
Asian Americans to showcase their
performance. It brought attention to
with dance culture over the past few
dance talent, some crews have also
girl-on-girl action, which is in itself
years, the emergence of dance shows
began to bring attention to their
a common male fantasy. On top of
that have brought awareness to the
racial identities in a negative light.
that, the element of exoticism that is
wide range of talent coming from Asian
When Poreotix was asked after their
associated with being Asian sparks
dancers. Among the few dance shows,
performance why the crew was wearing
curiosity, adding to the already taboo
America’s Best Dance Crew (ABDC) best
sunglasses, Can Nguyen replied in a
girl-on-girl action that audiences like to
captured the variety of Asian talent.
Vietnamese accent, ”because we da
see. It is an example of how crews try to
Jabbawockeez, known for getting their
Asian … we have da small eyes … and
thrill the audience with raunchy tactics
start practicing in a garage, won the first
we like robot.” Such a comment could
where crew members’ identities are
season. Since then, all-Asian American
easily be seen as an attempt to get a
put on display for the sake of bringing
crews like Kaba Modern, Poreotix, Quest
laugh out of the audience, but also could
in the vote. When Hype 5-0 made the
Crew and SoRealCru have also made a
be perceived as self-deprecating humor.
decision to pull this stunt, it seemed
name for themselves on the show. While
It seemed like the purpose of making a
like a desperate attempt to attract the
most of the crews are California-based,
joke of a common Asian feature, small
voters’ attention by masking what was
SoRealCru is the only crew from Texas.
eyes, in a Vietnamese accent, served
otherwise a mediocre performance.
Among the many crews based in
to promote the idea that the crew
Although America’s perception of
California, ABDC has captured the talent
was humorous enough to accept the
Asian Americans dancing in hip hop
of many different Asian ethnicities.
overused joke made on Asians. Either
has changed because of ABDC, crews
Jabbawockeez itself is represented by
way, this little racial joke places an
can draw attention to themselves by
Filipino, Korean, and Vietnamese, as
emphasis on how easy it is to reinforce
perpetuating racial stereotypes that
well as Mexican and African American
Asian American stereotypes. It seems as
are irrelevant to the dance itself. On
dancers. Although dancers meet many
if making a joke about being Asian is an
a show that appears to embrace the
obstacles in the process of pursuing
acceptable way to promote the crew’s
diversity of Asian Americans, the
their dreams, from discouraging
use of humor in their performance. His
crews should find it within themselves
parents to humble paychecks, Brian
attempt at this type of joke detracts
to use these differences to show
Puspos from SoRealCru attributes his
from the merits that the crew earned
how dance unifies people, rather
inspiration and support to his family.
based on their performance alone.
than unnecessarily accentuate the
In the first season of the show,
Hype 5-0, a crew from the fifth
stereotypes of Asian American identity.
Jabbawockeez and Kaba Modern set the
season of ABDC, also stirred up
stage for seasons to come. Both crews,
controversy when two female crew
Jacqueline Mai is a freshman in the Stern
exhibiting talent in very different styles,
members kissed at the end of a Britney
School of Business. She dances in her free time
were credited for their originality and
Spears piece. Similar to Poreotix’s
and aims to understand the changing scene
strong performances. But even though
unnecessary joke, the kiss seemed to
of Asians in the dance world and in media.
24
Asians Who Can Dance: Asians Taking the Stage
G
HIKIKOMORI &
THE MODEL MINORITY by Jae Han
M
ay of 2009. That’s when my life was
the remainder turned out to be a mental torture
put on hold. I was ready to take a
that was determined to deteriorate my sense of
much-needed break after a hectic first year at
identity until I was nothing but an empty shell.
NYU. In retrospect, I didn’t think much about
The first extension of the leave—at least I would
taking a personal leave of absence. I was in
like to think— was a rational decision based on
desperate need of a break from school for both
my still-sane mind. My first semester away from
financial and personal reasons. I intended to
school was blissful, virtually stress-free. But as
return to NYU in the spring semester of 2010, but
both my high school and college friends finished
the semester-long personal leave of absence soon
their sophomore year and moved forward with
turned into a year, and then to a year-and-a-half.
their lives, I slowly began to notice that feelings
My time away from NYU was a perfect
of despair, loneliness, and hopelessness slowly
example of a NEET lifestyle. The term NEET (Not
overcame my usual state of complacency and
in Education, Employment, or Training) first
nonchalance. After a year and a half, I decided that
originated in the United Kingdom. However,
I needed to come back to NYU, no matter what.
its usage soon spread to other countries,
As the proverb goes, “an idle mind is the
such as China, Japan, and South Korea.
devil’s playground.” This is especially true for
I did absolutely nothing. I was (and still am,
young adults who are still developing their
to a certain degree) a parasitic young adult in his
sense of identity. Young adults have to decide
early late teens or early 20s who leeches off his
what they want to do by the time they are out
parents while contributing absolutely nothing
of high school. The transitional period between
worthwhile to the community. Before my exile
adolescence and adulthood is often plagued with
from society, I liked doing nothing. I found solace
feelings of inadequacy and confusion. Most
in the silence that accompanies the act of doing
people deal with this by constantly looking for
nothing. I was able to think freely and clearly
a new place to fit in, to look for a place where
without being bothered by my surroundings.
they feel they belong. By working hard in a field
I guess you could say that I’m a big fan of John
that they feel that they are most adequate and
Cage’s 4'33"—a controversial musical composition
suitable for, young adults learn to be valuable and
that consists of 273 seconds of silence.
contributing members of society. While this is true
What I didn’t realize was that these moments
for young adults of all races, I feel that this is an
of nothingness were only enjoyable because I
especially important issue for Asian Americans,
had a somewhat active lifestyle to accompany
thanks to the model minority stereotype.
them. As we all know, everything is good in
It is a common belief that Asian parents
moderation. By simply doing nothing for a year
are far more involved with their children’s
and half, I slowly drove myself to insanity.
upbringing than parents of other races. However,
While the first few months were rejuvenating,
I don’t wish to bore you with all the details of
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25
stereotypes that everyone is familiar
Asian American children are constantly
that convinces them that they are
with. I realize that discussing these
reminded that happiness relies on
worthless unless they follow a specific
stereotypes has been overdone. Yes,
their ability to become academically
path in life that’s been set for them by
most stereotypes associated with Asians
and financially successful. Now, I don’t
either the society or their parents. The
are positive. I realize that. I also realize
want to sound like I’m looking down
number one reason for an individual
that positive stereotypes are just as
on the hard work and preservation
to become a hikikomori seems to be
bad as negative stereotypes as they
that Asians are most famous for.
his or her perceived academic failure.
tend to set unrealistic expectations.
These traits are certainly good traits
The members of hikikomori choose
that should be encouraged in children
to spend their days curled up in
expectations applied to Asian
of all races. What I find distressing
their rooms, spending endless hours
children is what I would like to
is the overwhelming focus on the
watching TV, reading books, surfing the
discuss. But before I do that, I must
practicality of the select few careers
web, or doing other solitary activities
discuss a phenomenon that originally
that most Asians are fixated on. Asian
that involve no face-to-face social
started in Japan, but soon spread to
parents aren’t the only people to
interaction with another human being.
other neighboring countries.
blame this on, as everyone and anyone
While some of them still continue to
Now, this set of unrealistic
The term hikikomori refers to
who mentions the model minority
be engaged in activities that could be
either the phenomenon or the group
stereotype has an implicit and often
considered productive or intellectual,
of reclusive people who either choose
unintended negative impact on the
they effectively cut themselves away
or are forced to be isolated from
psyche of the Asian American youth.
from society out of fear that they
society due to either personal or social
The primary reason for the huge
would be seen worthless even if they
factors in their lives. These individuals
emphasis on education seems to stem
may be capable of being contributing
are like the individuals of the NEET
from the fact that most Asian parents
and useful members of society. Every
group, composed of young adults who
in America sacrificed their dreams
society needs all types of people. No
withdraw from society. The hikikomori
and ambitions to raise their children.
matter how useless a person may seem,
rarely leave their room. They choose
Most of us are children of these Asian
there’s a role for that person to play
to be alone unless they absolutely
parents. Our parents have sacrificed so
in any given society. The members of
need to interact with others. But,
much to provide a much more secure
hikikomori often do not realize this.
Asian American children are constantly reminded that happiness relies on their ability to become academically and financially successful. the crucial difference between being
future for us. In a way, we have an
They are convinced that their continued
a NEET and a hikikomori is that it is
obligation to become financially and
existence is nothing but a prolonged
technically possible to be a hikikomori
academically successful in order to
stay in a hospice, like a flower in the
and still have a job or attend school.
return our gratitude to our parents.
basement, waiting for a lonely death.
In America, Asian Americans
Therefore, we feel miserable when
They spend weeks, months, and
constantly are being judged on their
we fail to live up to these unusually
years in isolation, usually supported
academic prowess, even if some of
high expectations. Instead of trying
only by family. The emotional and
us don’t place our priorities on them.
harder, some of us cannot shake the
physical states of hikikomori are
The idea of becoming successful in an
fact that we have let ourselves and
proof that even positive stereotypes
area that is not considered academic
our parents down. Some of us simply
effectively eliminate individuality
is often scoffed at in Asian families.
break down and refuse to move on.
and humanity of any group.
Becoming anything other than a doctor,
The hikikomori are overwhelmed
a lawyer, or a ceo is frowned upon.
with a feeling of learned helplessness
26
Hikikomori & the Model Minority
Fortunately, most of us are not hikikomori. We, as intelligent
young adults in universities, are in control of our own future. While some of us may have the typical Asian parents that wish for us to have the stereotypical professional careers, we have desires that often clash with the desires of our parents. But, being the mature
To destroy the stereotype that we’ve been marked with, we must first embrace it without shame.
individuals that we are, we compromise. The most important reason for becoming successful is not for money. It is not to simply
that Asian parents are often unfairly accused of
to pay back our parents’ kindness. We must
being. By being aware and appreciative of our
be successful in order to break this cycle. Let’s
parents’ struggles, we can increase the chance of
say that we choose to disobey our parents. Let’s
us becoming more responsive to our children’s
say that hypothetically, we end up being not
desires while remaining assertive and reasonable.
successful. By not becoming successful ourselves,
What must be done? It is important to
we run the risk of being the same type of parents
realize that while being financially and
that we were raised by. This isn’t exclusive to
academically successful is desirable, it isn’t the
Asians; it happens to families of all races. However,
only path to happiness. So how do we go about
this cycle has the most potential to be prevalent
in fixing the old-fashioned Asian attitude that
in Asian families thanks to the Confucianism
seems to be fixated on status and success?
beliefs upheld in most Asian societies.
Unfortunately, there is no way to convince
Most of us (not only Asian Americans, but all
the older generations. They have sacrificed so
students) are young adults who invest much time
much for our future. What we can do as young
and effort in getting higher education. After all,
Asian Americans, however, is change how our
why else would we attend NYU if we didn’t care
children would feel about their lives. Being
about our future? We spend hundreds of thousands
raised in America, we know that happiness
of dollars as well as years of our lives to be
doesn’t necessarily come with being a successful
educated at this fine institution. With workplaces
professional. Being raised in a less collectivistic
becoming ever more competitive, the pursuit of
nation taught us that variety in life is a good
higher education is becoming a necessity to obtain
thing. We, as young Asian Americans, must
a secure job and a prosperous future. I assume that
conform to the model minority first so that we
my audience (aka you, the people who are reading
are in the right position to start dispelling the
this) is composed of relatively educated people. As
stereotype itself. To destroy the stereotype that
I mentioned, we’re in NYU already. That means we
we’ve been marked with, we must first embrace
at least care a bit about our future. This means that
it without shame. Only then will we be able to
what we plan to do with our lives isn’t too far away
slowly destroy the model minority stereotype
from the type of success that our parents wish for
and let the rest of the world know that Asians are
us to have. Since we’re already on the right path,
real humans with flaws, rather than perpetual
shouldn’t we continue with our best? But also, we
foreigners who exclude themselves from
must be aware that although the expectations of
other groups. Even the members of reclusive
our parents are logical and benevolent, they are
groups such as hikikomori and NEET must
fundamentally infringing our rights to pursue
realize that they are not alone in their struggle
our own happiness. Therefore, when it’s time for
to break the model minority stereotype.
G
us to become parents of future Asian Americans, we must be extra careful. While we want to be
Jae Han is a sophomore majoring in Psychology.
responsible and respectable parents, we also don’t want to be the demanding and uncaring parents
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27
GENERASIAN .KENNY HSU.
.JOSEPH LIN.
staff picks BEST OF 2011 BEST LOCAL EATS
BEST SCANDAL/CONTROVERSY
Nothing satisfies my constant craving for Indian food
No matter whose side you were on, Amy Chua’s
like Curry In A Hurry (Lexington Ave and 28th St).
“Tiger Mom” was a compelling example of the gap
The delicious tikka, daal, and naan will guarantee
between traditional Asian values and contemporary
that you indeed finish this meal in a hurry.
Western attitudes. tumblr.com/x6x1hylhit
66 Lu’s Seafood in Flushing.
WSN forgetting to mention the Asian
The pork chop is about $5.95,
Heritage Month Planning Committee in their
enormous and big enough for
interview with Wong Fu Productions.
2 people. Cash only though! .SONDRA MORISHIMA.
.PATRICK YAN.
.VICKY YAU.
.SARAH CHEN.
.JAE HAN.
.MICHELLE LEE.
.SOOMI RHO.
.TARA SARATH.
At just about any time of the day, you can find what
Amy Chua’s Tiger Mom, because it reached such
exacty what you’re in the mood for at Panya, whether
a large audience, yet almost all of the discussion
it’s the spicy curry pastry, a latte, a delicious bento
surrounding it was very superficial and failed to
box, or an onigiri—all at a convenient price.
critically analyze the complexity of the scandal.
Picnic Garden in Flushing.
Mainstream media’s shocking revelation of
$18–28 Korean BBQ buffett. Dirt
Asian values persisting in America—from the
cheap kalbi, samgyupsal, and
Tiger Mom to changing a child’s last name to
more will leave everyone happy.
sound non-Asian. tumblr.com/x6x2737x97
Buddha Bodai. Everything they serve is vegan,
Alexandra Wallace’s “Asians Talking in the Library”
but for some of the dishes, you would not
rant. Come on; don’t say you’re not offending your
believe that it’s not meat. The prices are also
Asian friends and then say all those things about
very “broke college kid” friendly, too!
Asians in general! tumblr.com/x6x1rpbqwm
Jing Fong Restaurant (in Chinatown) for awesome
Rush Limbaugh mocked Chinese President Hu
Cantonese Dim Sum. Go there on weekend for
Jintao and offensively parodied the Chinese language
morning tea with various kinds of dumplings,
and accent—garnering opposition from Asian
porridge, vegetables and other side dishes!
American communities and civil rights groups.
Cafetasia. Not too expensive,
Alexandra Wallace. UCLA is a pretty prestigious
good variety. Plus, right
school, and California has a lot of Asians. Wouldn't
next to Cantor Film Center.
you think racism would be less of a problem?
Saint's Alp (3rd Ave and 10th St). Cheap noodle
Alexandra Wallace. It was totally ignorant of
bowls, a huge variety of bubble tea, and even toast
her to portray Asians in such a ludicrous way.
with condensed milk. Super accessible for NYU
Let this be a lesson to us about moderating
students seeking a not-so-pricey, satisfying meal.
publicly viewable content in the online stream.
Woorijip. Yummy Korean food in little containers! Their
From “ching chong” remixes to to outraged rants,
plastic utensils are cute, and I always make sure to grab
I enjoyed (and felt empowered by) watching
more than necessary to take back to my dorm room.
responses to Alexandra Wallace’s racist rant.
Koryodang is a K-town bakery
The “Take Back Yoga” campaign annoys me,
chain. Mmm…delicious rice
because the campaign is totally correct and the
flour rounds, deep fried,
controversy is typical consumer defensiveness.
and powdered in sugar.
28
Staff Picks: Best of 2011
BEST BOOK
BEST MUSIC
Pacific Rims (2010) follows athlete-turned-
Dougy Mandagi, the Indonesian lead singer for
journalist Rafe Bartholomew's exploration
upcoming indie band Temper Trap, had listeners in
of the Philippines' extraordinary—even
awe when their song "Sweet Disposition" debuted
bizarre—fascination with basketball.
on the (500) Days of Summer soundtrack.
Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies. Notice
Aziatix, composed of Eddie Shin,
her intricate but seemingly effortless stories from
Nicky Lee and Flowsik, debuted this
the South Asian diaspora that deal with emotions
spring with a powerhouse combination
of longing, desire, and the human experience.
of smooth R&B and sick rhymes.
The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid
Thao with the Get Down Stay
asks the reader to consider America’s “fundamentals,”
Down. I can listen to “Like
it’s place in the greater global society, and issues
the Linen” for months.
faced by Muslim Americans in the U.S. post-9/11.
Norwegian Wood by Haruki Murakami
Korean hip-hop/dance girl group
captures the angst and joys of college
2NE1 is getting ready to dominate
youths in the revolutionary sixties
America with their international
(avoid the sucky movie though).
album produced by will.i.am.
Amy Chua’s The Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother.
Aziatix’s new song “Go” really surprised me.
Find out why she chose a traditional Chinese style
I think this new group has the potential to
of raising children instead of a more “Western”
become the next big Asian American group
one, since she herself was raised in the U.S.
in the U.S. tumblr.com/x6x1wy3hol
Yellow: Race in America Beyond Black and White
Singapore singer Stephanie Sun returned
talks about breaking Asian Americans’ stereotypes of
with her latest album “It’s Time,” in which
“the model minority” and “the perpetual foreigner.”
she sings about her understanding of life and presents her new attitude toward the future.
Kino's Journey. Simple,
Lang Lang.
addictive, and pure.
The Beautiful Generation: Asian
Dumbfoundead, a Korean American rapper from
Americans and the Cultural Economy of
LA, recently performed at NYU for Asian Heritage
Fashion, for anyone into fashion and Asian
Month. Check out his song on YouTube, “Bubba
American involvement in this industry.
Kush,” full of witty lyrics and smooth swag.
The Korean biography of Ban Ki Mooon accounts his
The Yeah Yeah Yeahs have always
overcoming of cultural and language barriers to become
been a favorite of mine. Lead singer
the current secretary general for the United Nations.
Karen O is half Polish, half Korean.
A Case of Exploding Mangoes by Pakistani author
Goldspot, fronted by Siddhartha Khosla, may have
Mohammad Hanif—satirical and darkly humorous, the
written the most ridiculously catchy song of all
New York Times has compared him to Joesph Heller.
time, “Friday,” and even sang a Hindi version of it!
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29
GENERASIAN READ OUR BLOG
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