Sep | Oct 12 - Grain & Feed Milling Technology by Perendale Publishers

September - October

2012

•

A packaging evolution

In this issue: •

•

Insect damaged wheat:

suni bug, cereal bug, sunn pest, wheat bug, shield bug, shell bug

•

Managing mill maintenance

•

Global grain & feed markets

Pellet production to save energy, improve feed efficiency and safety

Probiotics: modulators of gut bacteria dialogue

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A subscription magazine for the global flour & feed milling industries - first published in 1891

GRAIN &

FEED

MILLING TECHNOLOGY

News:

Dispersing unit reduces energy demand in the process of production 4 Quick peak values for gluten testing 4 UDSA/GIPSA Approves Test Kit for High Aflatoxin Contamination 5 GFMT on tour 5 Mobile Siwertell units ordered from Cargotec 6 OspreyDeepclean’s innovative dry steam technology saves food production plants millions of litres in water 8 From good to great: tapping the power of nutrition to achieve genetic potential 9 23rd Annual IAOM Mideast & Africa District Conference & Expo in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 10 AB Vista set to supply natural betaine 10 Belt Alignment Monitoring: 11 Rub Block vs. Touchswitch 11

September - October 2012 Published by Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace, St James’ Square Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Fax: +44 1242 267701 info@perendale.co.uk Publisher Roger Gilbert Tel: +44 1242 267707 rogerg@perendale.co.uk Associate Editor

Features:

Alice Neal Tel: +44 1242 267707 alicen@perendale.co.uk

A packaging evolution Pellet production to save energy, improve feed efficiency and safety Probiotics - modulators of gut bacteria dialogue Insect-damaged wheat: Managing mill maintenance Fish - the feed focus from Dragon Town Overview of Particulate Handling Technology

Design and Page Layout James Taylor Tel: +44 1242 267707 jamest@gfmt.co.uk Circulation & Subscriptions Manager Tuti Tan Tel: +44 1242 267707 tutit@gfmt.co.uk

12 16 20 22 28 30 42

Commodities:

International Marketing Team

Raw material outlook, by John Buckley

Darren Parris Tel: +44 1242 267707 darrenp@gfmt.co.uk

industry events

Lee Bastin Tel: +44 1242 267707 leeb@gfmt.co.uk

GlobalG.A.P Overview of Particulate Handling Technology EuroTier

Latin America Marketing Team Ivan Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.co.uk

32 40 41 42 44

industry faces DELACON appoints Business Development Manager and Head of Communications Oscar J. Rojas Martinez named IFEEDER scholarship recipient John Laing joins Schenck Process as Head of UK Sales Light Industries

Pablo Porcel de Peralta Tel: +54 2352 427376 pablop@perendale.co.uk

48 48 48

India Marketing Team Assocom-India Pvt Ltd Tel: +91 47 675216 india@perendale.co.uk Annual Subscription Rates Inside UK: UK£70 Outside: US$140/ Euros110 More information www.gfmt.co.uk http://gfmt.blogspot.co.uk

Grain & Feed Milling Technology is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom. All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. Copyright 2012 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form

or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.

volume: 123 number 5

issn No: 1466-3872

big hello to our GFMT readers here from the International Milling Directory (IMD) HQ. For those of you that I have not yet had the pleasure of speaking with allow me to introduce myself, I am the Coordinator for the IMD and it gives me great pleasure to bring you this edition of GFMT.

When I was offered the opportunity to guest edit the most revered magazine for the international milling industry I naturally jumped at the chance. You probably don’t need me to tell you that each issue of GFMT reaches over 40,000 readers worldwide so this really is an honour. Summer may have come and gone here in the UK but we’ve got a scorcher of an issue for you. We take a look at probiotics, and discuss in depth the advantages of various packaging techniques including green packaging. We also bring you the essential preview to GLOBALG.A.P. Summit 2012, which takes place this November in Madrid, Spain. Not to mention our regular food technology feature, which in this edition looks at pelleting. I would like to extend a warm thanks to all of our contributors and advertisers who have taken part in this edition of GFMT. If you are interested in contributing your own articles let us know by informing us at info@perendale. co.uk.

IMD21… To say it's been an eventful couple of months for IMD would be a gargantuan understatement as so many of our listed companies have rushed to submit their last minute details to us. There have been some late nights and early mornings for our designers who have worked tirelessly to bring this year’s printed edition to life. I am pleased to announce that all of that hard work has made its way to press and on time too. This means that 8,000 printed copies of IMD21 will soon be making their way around the globe to our subscribers who are keen to get their hands on the latest from the international milling community.

PPLAPP

GFMT's Global Milling News portal, highlighting industry and company news! Now available on your mobile

PPL

APP a va

ila ble HERE 2 | September - October 2012

http://www.perendale.com

Guest - EDITOR’S OBSERVATIONS

Guest editor - Alex Rogers, International Milling Directory IMD21 is packed with useful information that millers, milling-technology manufacturers and milling-service providers alike will all benefit from, and this year it has seen great expansion thanks to:• Over 1,200 updated listed-companies • More than 1,300 listed products and services • 15 Unique equipment guides featuring 32 different organisations • 100 international events and exhibitions, with your own personal yearly planner included. • 8,000 readers receiving a printed IMD21 (3,000 more than IMD20) This year IMD21 will reach 1,000 new readers in Indian flour-milling, a sector that services 1.2 billion people and provides more than a third of the world's grain, so a special welcome goes to those of you joining us for 2012/13. We will also be personally delivering copies of IMD21 to subscribers at all of the important shows and exhibitions throughout the year so be sure to let us know if you are Alex Rogers attending and come pay International Milling us a visit at our stand. Directory Coordinator

IMD24/7… IMD21 is also available online and via your smartphone:• Simply visit www.internationalmilling.com for more information on our listed companies, which are updated throughout the year. • You can also download our PPLAPP feature, neatly placing the entire milling community in the palm of your hand. • Find the latest industry news as well as all things IMD on our blog at millinginternational.com.

Special Thanks… I would just like to take this opportunity to thank everybody who updated their accounts and also those who have joined IMD for 2012/13, while we always aim to provide the best possible service as a directory for the milling community, it wouldn’t be possible without your continued support. Don't forget you can still order a copy of IMD21 simply by visiting www.internationalmilling.com and clicking the relevant link, or indeed you can visit our publishers’ homepage at www.perendale.com. Until next time, enjoy your directory and the magazine! Alex Rogers International Milling Directory Coordinator

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September - October 2012

Dispersing unit reduces energy demand in the process of production

THE GLOBAL MILLER A blog dedicated to professionals - including nutritionists - in the transportation, storage and milling of grains, feedstuffs, rice and cereals, globally. Hello Millers As autumn approaches, the milling events calendar is filling up so we have been hard at work finding out what’s going on. GFMT and the Global Miller are proud media partners of a number of shows and conferences, meaning we are a great source of information on events around the globe.

This month the Global Millers can’t get enough of… Our blog posts on the forthcoming series of IAOM conferences have had a huge number of views. If you’ve missed them, here’s what ‘s going on. IAOM 3rd Annual Southeast Asia District Conference & Expo bit.ly/QywL11 IAOM 23rd Annual Mideast & Africa Conference & Expo bit.ly/STcVmu The Friday video post has gone from strength to strength (every one needs a Friday afternoon distraction). Highlights include: Group 1 and 2 wheat varieties at Cereals 2012 bit.ly/OuKa91 This silent video, filmed in 1934 at E.R & F Turner in Ipswich, gives a rare insight into casting flour milling machinery before automation. bit.ly/OVNCwd Continuing with the UK milling heritage theme, this film takes a tour of the old Rank Hovis plant in the London Docklands. bit.ly/RhULcl We have also posted our series of presentations from GRAPAS 2012. The link to the first part, which discusses food safety, is below and you can access the rest via the blog or YouTube. bit.ly/P1oIY5 We would love to hear from you. Tell us what you think at

http://gfmt.blogspot.com This monthwe have added our pictures from VIV China to our Facebook page - take a look at: http://www.facebook.com/GrainFeedMillingTechnology

4 | September - October 2012

t the Achema trade fair 2012 in Frankfurt, the Business Unit Grinding & Dispersing of NETZSCH Group presented their new dispersing organ to a broad public for the first time. The sophisticated design a nd t h e co nv i n c i n g performance parameters drew considerable interest. In several sectors of the industry successful dispersing, which is the targeted separation of agglomerated particles, still represents a challenge. NETZSCH is meeting this challenge with the new OMEGA® dispersing unit, which is suitable for the processing of both standard and high-tech products. Moreover, t he OM EGA® achieves extraordinary energy

Quick peak values for gluten testing

luten quality is an essential criterion for the evaluation of baking properties. This has to happen as quickly and easily as possible, and above all be reliably reproducible for quality management. The innovative and patented GlutoPeak process by Brabender® offers a clever technical solution as an alternative to the rather error-prone rinsing method 'by hand', which is followed by a time- consuming gluten evaluation in the laboratory. In order to describe the functionality of flours, bruised grains, baking mixes or vital gluten, the aggregation behaviour of the gluten component is measured in a sample. The device first separates the gluten, and then aggregates it into a characteristic network before destroying it with the rotation of its mechanical measuring paddle. Time curves and torque curves of the physics of the gluten are recorded and displayed by the GlutoPeak graphically as graphs. The time to reach the maximum point on the

ef f icienc y through clever utiliz ation of turbulence , cavitation and shear forces, thus providing real saving potential. In comparison to technologies currently in operation, the

OMEGA® dispersing unit is one of the most cost effective on the market. More

information:

Website: www.netzsch.com

curve, the peak, its height, and the following decline of the curve provide essential information on gluten quality—all of which appear within moments and are easily readable at a glance. Strong gluten results in very fast and high peaks, while weaker quality grades are identified by their delayed and flatter peaks on the curve – down to 'null peaks', which are for example, typical for biscuit wheats.

A truly quick technique for the lab All this makes the GlutoPeak by Brabender® automatic - all that needs to be done is for the sample to be weighed-in manually. A measurement takes between 60 and 600 seconds, living up to its designation as a 'quick technique'. Hence, with typical flours or baking mixes up to ten tests per hour can be conducted on average with mini samples of 3-10 grams and extremely easy handling. The specific comparisons of the sample results are then simply a matter of technical quality, which is done according to the company’s own specifications and product requirements. More information: Website: www.brabender.com

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Grain

News

September - October 2012

UDSA/GIPSA Approves Test Kit for High Aflatoxin Contamination GIPSA has approved official use of FluoroQuant® Afla up to 1000 ppb without supplemental analysis

omer Labs, a leading global food-safety diagnostic company, proudly reports that it has the only test kit on the market that can provide quantitative aflatoxin results from 1 - 5000 ppb in less than five minutes. I n A u g u s t 2 012 , U S DA / GIPSA extended the official quantification range for the FluoroQuant® Afla to 5-1000 ppb, according to a USDA me mor andum rele a sed in early August 2012. “ We have seen ver y high aflatoxin levels in corn due to this year’s weather conditions. One sample we received from a Midwest corn - producer showed 3000 pbb aflatoxins,

GFMT on tour

nce again it has been a busy two months for staff at Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine. In early September we attended the Frome Agricultural and Cheese Show, you guessed it , Frome, Somerset , UK. Dating back to 1861, the event gives farmers the chance to show off their animals and produce after the summer harvest. Traditionally, Frome schoolchildren were given the

&feed milling technology

Grain

and this was no exception! ” says Michael Prinster, CEO of Romer Labs North America. According to US regulations, af latoxin c an be toxic to humans at over 20 ppb, but can be fed to some livestock u p t o 3 0 0 p p b. E x t re me aflatoxin contamination risk, high commodity prices and a global shortage of corn makes it crucial for elevators to separate corn appropriately. “A five-minute-solution that can quantify aflatoxins in corn in such a wide range makes life a lot easier for elevator o p e r a t o r s ,” s t a t e s S t eve Nenonen, Romer Labs’ North American Sales Director. “ The r ange ex te nsion by G I P S A i s a l so i m p or t a nt

day off school to attend the show in the town centre. Its growing popularity means that today the Cheese Show is held on a Saturday on land a few miles from Frome. As the names suggests, there is always an abundance of cheese, with plenty of samples to taste. We dipped into the cheese marquee to check out a cheese platter worth a whopping £2,000 (with gold flakes and white truffles among the ingredients, the hefty price tag is no surprise). There was plenty of time to sip locally produced cider, pet pygmy goats, admire fancy poultry and gawp at giant vegetables. But of course the highlight for us was the Fodder and Grain tent. Despite the dreadful weather the UK has experienced this summer, there was a good selection of entries across a variety of categories. We got chatting to a grain aficionado who told us that at one point the UK had enough grain stockpiled to last three years. Today the country has enough for 12 weeks. But that's nothing compared the end of World War II when the country had just supplies for just 12 days. Scary stuff.

news for farmers who have to test every truck load they are claiming on their crop insurance, in order to find acceptable corn for feed in bad fields.” FluoroQuant® Afla is a direct f luorometric test method which was first launched in the US grain market in 1995. Over the last decade, the test kit has been continuously improved without changing the principle of the method. FluoroQuant® Afla is an extremely robust method and contains all the disposables that are needed to run the test . It can be performed in less than five minutes and quantification is done with the state-of-the-art FQ-Reader™.

Ro m e r L a b s , fo u nd e d i n Washington, MO, in 1982, is a leader in diagnostic solutions for food and feed safet y. It develops, manufactures and markets test kits for food allergens, mycotoxins, veterinary drug residues and other food cont aminants. The company also operates four accredited full-service laboratories on three continents. Romer Labs has facilities in Austria, Brazil, China, Malaysia, Singapore, UK and the USA. For more than 30 years, Romer Labs has been a trusted partner for the food and feed industry worldwide. More

information:

www.romerlabs.com

NUMBER CRUNCHING

5.1 million tonnes - UK wheat milling production in 2011

After our rural retreat to Frome we had a taste of the bright lights of London with the London and South East Milling Society ( LSEMS ). The society represents the interests of people working across the milling industry including technology suppliers, packaging manufacturers and of course millers themselves. LSEMS organises various social and networking events throughout the year and we were lucky enough to be invited to attend the autumn get together. We met in London and had a tour of the Bank of England Museum and learnt lots about all thing money and goldrelated (unfortunately there weren't any free samples on offer!). Then we headed over to Leadenhall Market for a lovely three-course meal and plenty of milling chat. Thanks to all who attended and especially those who had a hand is arranging top day out.

4 million tonnes

- UK flour production 2011

60% - Percentage

of UK flour used for bread products

74 kg - UK flour consumption per person, per year, 2008/9

99%

- Percentage of UK households that buy bread

83% - Percentage

of home-grown wheat used by UK flour millers

32 - The number of

UK milling companies

- The number of UK milling sites September - October 2012 | 5

Source: www.nabim.org.uk

September - October 2012

Mobile Siwertell units ordered from Cargotec

ew mobile Siwertell unit s have been ordered from Cargotec to meet the specific needs of three ports; all will benefit from high-capacity, dustfree bulk handling operations and low noise levels, ensuring minimal environmental impact. Over the past four months Cargotec has secured orders for three new mobile Siwertell ship unloaders for ports in Turkey, Denmark and Sweden, confirming its leading position as an advanced bulk-handling technology provider. " C a r go t e c h a s d e l i ve re d more than 300 Siwertell units worldwide , 10 0 of which are mobile systems," says Jörgen Ojeda, Cargotec Sales Director. "Clients recognise our experience and the wellrespected Siwertell mobile unloader technology." He adds, "The Siwertell roadmobile unloader is a perfect choice for clean, dust-free, handling of dry bulk material. Its unique design makes the Siwertell unloader one of the most environmentally-friendly shore-based ship unloading systems available. Dust-free handling, and low energ y co n su m p t io n , a l o n g w i t h

6 | September - October 2012

minimal exhaust and sound emissions also mean that it has the advantage of being able to be used in sensitive sites or those close to populated areas." The first of these new orders has now been commissioned and sees a diesel-powered, trailer-based Siwertell 10 000 S unit with a dual bellows system and dust filters in operation for Muhammet Gümüstas, in Trabzon, Turkey. The new unit handles cement at a rated capacity of 300t/h. "The mobile Siwertell unloader was originally designed for handling cement , so it is naturally perfect for the job. With its enclosed conveying line , t his sys t e m is also environmentally-friendly as it ensures dust-free and highcapacity unloading operations," explains Mr Ojeda. A similar unit is due to be commissioned for Aalborg Portland in Aalborg, Denmark. It will handle fly ash at a rated capacity of 250t/h. "For this installation, a m e c h a n ic a l so l u t i o n w a s preferred by the client as it had to be smoothly integrated into an existing mechanical receiving system at the jetty." He adds, "Low maintenance and

News

The Siwertell road-mobile unloader is a perfect choice for clean, dust-free, handling of dry bulk material

operational costs of the mobile Siwertell unloader, combined with a high unloading capacity, will also ensure cost-efficient operations for Aalborg Portland for a long time to come." The third order is for an electrically-powered, gantry-

kernels, wood pellets, and wood briquettes. It will also be equipped with tube sleeves and noise hoods to minimise noise pollution. "For this contract, our focus is to deliver an unloader with the required capacity, minimal

The Siwertell 15 000 S unit in Spain, is similar to the one ordered by Fortum Värme

b a s e d , AT E X - c l a s s i f i e d Siwer tell 15 0 0 0 S unit . It will be commissioned by the end of next year for Fortum Värme, which is co-owned by the City of Stockholm, Sweden. The unloader will be installed in Stockholm and has a rated capacity of 330t /h. It will handle biomass including olive

dust emissions and low noise generation." Fortum Värme is the Swedish part of Fortum Heat Scandinavia, which produces district heating, district cooling and electricity in combined heat and power plants. More

information:

Website: www.siwertell.com

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ONE SHOW, ONCE A YEAR....ENDLESS OPPORTUNITIES

JANUARY 29 - 31, 2013 | Georgia World Congress Center | Atlanta, Georgia USA

THE WORLD’S LARGEST FEED, POULTRY, AND MEAT TECHNOLOGY EXPOSITION •

•

OVER 25,000 INDUSTRY LEADERS FROM OVER 100 COUNTRIES • OVER 1,000 EXHIBITORS AND 20 ACRES OF EXHIBIT SPACE EXCEPTIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS PLANNED FOR THE ENTIRE WEEK • GREAT VALUE FOR BOTH THE ATTENDEE AND THE EXHIBITOR

YOU WILL NOT WANT TO MISS IT! www.ife13.org | www.ippe13.org

September - October 2012

NEWS

OspreyDeepclean’s innovative dry steam technology saves food production plants millions of litres in water

ygiene systems specialist, OspreyDeepclean is launching innovative dry steam technology systems to help the food manufacturing sector clean efficiently and cost effectively using unique water saving science. The technology, which is the

first of its kind in the UK, uses a continuous flow heating coil system to produce vapour with a strong sanitising power to safely remove micro-organisms and bacteria. Efficient cleaning capacity is produced from the steam pressure made on the surface to be cleaned and the solvent power of micro drops at a high temperature, with minimal moisture present. Food manufacturers are faced with achieving the ver y highest standards of cleanliness of technically complex plant processing equipment and the food manufacturing site . The new technology meets t he c h alle nge s of c le a ning in environments such as dry food areas, where w ater syste ms cannot be used. In other sections of the plant, thousands of litres of water are currently being u sed t o cle an the production environment. The continuous steam system provides constant steam quality which can be adjusted by volume and dryness. Water flow

and heating power can be controlled and adapted by an electronic control system. Traditional cleaning methods have mainly relied on potentially hazardous chemicals or traditional boiler systems and dry ice systems which require detergent , dry ice, filtration and bath treatment. OspreyDeepclean’s technology is available in a range of dry steam machines for different

applications. This includes the fully auditable dry steam belt sanitation unit ( BSU ) which cleans conveyor belts to allergen level, saving up to three million litres of water per annum. A second device has been developed for the packaging areas where a central steam system, much like a central vacuum, facilitates cleaning without the need for manual intervention. The sophisticated equipment can be used for the cleaning of heavy parts and automotive parts such as cylinder heads, cam shafts and

connecting rods and for plastic parts cleaning. The machines start from a 3kW single phase unit and reach up to 144kW plants available in electric, oil

or gas heated coils. This fully integrated system permits the whole cleaning process to become auditable using sophisticated PC software. Thomas Stuecken, Chairman of OspreyDeepclean says, “With our new boiler free technology, we are at the forefront of water saving science. We are currently in negotiation with the some of the largest food manufacturing companies to design bespoke, highly advanced cleaning and hygiene systems.” More

information:

www.ospreydc.com

NEWS IN BRIEF Sodrugestvo has integrated all of its Brazilian operations into one new entity named Alianca. As one of the largest soybean processor’s in Sao Paulo state and one of the largest owners and operators of grain storage facilities in the country, the new company will focus on the origination of soybeans in Brazil for Sodrugestvo’s crushing operations worldwide.

8 | September - October 2012

The Flour Fortification Initiative (FFI) has launched a new website. With an expanded top menu feature, the site is designed to help people find resources for planning, implementing, and monitoring flour fortification programs. See www.ffinetwork.org for more detail.

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Grain

News

September - October 2012

NEWS

From good to great: tapping the power of nutrition to achieve genetic potential

ver 80 poultry professionals gathered in Salvador, Brazil for the Alltech Poultry Technical Ro u n d t a b l e a h e a d o f t h e prestigious 24th World Poultry Congress. The theme of the meeting was ‘From Good to Great: Tapping the Power of Nutrition to achieve Genetic Potential’. Four speakers of international renown challenged the attendees to think differently about poultry nutrition. Global Poultry Director for Alltech, Paulo Rigolin, says, “Brazil succeeded in overcoming major obstacles over the past 30 years to become a significant player in today's global market. However as the marketplace becomes more consolidated, the industry as a whole faces similar new challenges, many of which can only be tackled by rethinking poultry nutrition.”

Mighty expansion plans for Intersystems

ntersystems is to add 35,000 square feet of manufacturing space to the company’s Omaha, Nebraska, USA facility, a decision necessary in order to meet growing demand for the company’s products. Intersystems designs and manufactures material handling, sampling and weighing equipment used in gr ain, feed and processing facilities worldwide . The company has experienced tremendous growth in recent years as a result of outward dedication to customer’s needs. Tom S c h ro e d e r, I n t e r s y s t e m s’ President and Chief Operating Officer, says that Intersystems, “will continue to make the appropriate investments to ensure our products’ availability and on-time delivery.” Providing high qualit y equipment in industry-best lead times is one of the things that has set

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Dr. Gonzalo González Mateos, from the Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain, emphasized that poultry production is changing very rapidly and the industry needs to adapt to this situation. Amino acids, feed conversion ratio and energy are still very important but we should begin to focus on other areas now. In par ticular, his comments regarding the potential threats caused by thermal treatments such as pelleting and expanders dominated much of the discussion during the breakout session that followed. In his talk on breeder nutrition, Dr. Carlos Borges, formerly of Perdigao, told attendees that genetic evolution must be accompanied by nutritional adjustments in broiler breeders. Dr. Borges referenced the main benefits of using enzymes in breeders, such as the reduction of pathogenic bacteria and

improvement in stool quality. This in turn results in fewer dirty eggs and less contamination of the eggs and chicks in the incubator. Dr. Fernando Rutz, University of Pelotas, who spoke to the attendees on early nutrition, highlighted that nutritional advancement has not kept pace with advancements in genetic selection and therefore does not yield the benefits perceived by consumers. In addition Dr. Rut z says, “ Epigenetics, in ovo nutrition and post-hatch dietary conditioning are the keys for programming the genetic expression potential for breeder, embryo and chick nutrition.” Veterinarian, Dr. Mueez Ahmad, of Neogen, spoke on the subject of intestinal health management and shared insights into his program for raising antibiotic free (ABF) broilers. In his talk, Dr Ahmad touched on the challenges of fighting diseases

such as runting and stunting syndrome (RSS) and clostridial re l at e d p ro b l e m s su c h a s Necrotic Enteritis without in-feed antibiotics. In addition to an intestinal health management program including organic acids, probiotics and novel yeast carbohydrates (Actigen), Ahmad also listed nutrition, water and flock management as the cornerstones of his strategy to ensure the birds remain healthy and perform optimally. Commenting on the meeting, Aidan Connolly, Vice President Corporate Accounts, Alltech says, "We must question the consequences of all nutritional decisions, even received wisdoms. Rarely do conferences reunite representatives of chicken production from 32 countries and provide a blue skies vision of poultry production in the next 20 years." More

information:

www.alltech.com

Intersystems apart from other material handling equipment suppliers. Intersystems moved from multiple buildings throughout the Omaha area into a brand new facility at the current location in early 2009. A 60,000 square foot expansion announcement followed in the autumn of 2011. That addition was completed earlier this year with construction remaining on additional office space. The new expansion plans will contribute to a total 235,000 square foot facility. The increased capacity will primarily be used for production of bulk weighers and conveyors, both signif icant products t h at co n t r i b u t e t o Intersystems’ complete material handling line. Construction on the latest expansion is set to be completed by spring of 2013.

September - October 2012 | 9

September - October 2012

NEWS

23rd Annual IAOM Mideast & Africa District Conference & Expo in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

he 23rd Annual IAOM ( International Association of Operative Millers) Mideast & Africa District Conference & Expo will be held from December 5- 8 2012 in ADNEC (Abu Dhabi National Exhibitions Centre), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The event is hosted by Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority (ADFCA) and AGTHIA Group Company,

C h aire d by H . H . S h e i k h Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Chairman of Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority, Deputy Prime Minister & Minister of Presidential Affairs Chairman. This year’s conference topics on management issues will focus on current volatile market, which would aid millers in reducing their business decision risks. It will also present the latest technology in milling practices and quality control. The threeday Conference and Expo is an opportunity to address these issues and promote new trend and innovation in the milling industry. The IAOM is

AB Vista set to supply natural betaine

B Vist a , the global feed micro-ingredients company, is set to become one of only two suppliers of natural crystalline betaine in the world. Thanks to an important new agreement with the US beet sugar business, The Amalgamated Sugar Company, AB Vista will from October 1, 2012 be selling natural betaine to customers globally – under the brand name Vistabet. Extracted from sugar beet molasses, Vistabet is a natural 10 | September - October 2012

betaine source that can be added to poultr y, swine , ruminant and aqua diets. As a methyl donor, betaine supports metabolism, while its osmotic capabilities can have a positive influence animal growth and performance. AB Vista Managing Director, Richard Cooper says, “We are delighted to have signed an agreement with The Amalgamated Sugar Company to supply natural betaine in both crystalline and liquid forms to our customers around the

considered to be the largest gathering of milling industry professionals in the Middle East and Africa Region. The exhibition is expected to have 10 0 par ticipation from various countries. The exhibiting companies will come from various countries representing grain traders, m ac h i n e r y m a n u f ac t u re s , food processing and packing companies, and other experts from the industry. T h e ove r a l l i n t e r e s t t o participate in the conference & expo is estimated to be higher than the previous years. The organiser expects more than 600 delegates from 50

world. We believe current feed formulation trends will increase the need for natural betaine, and furthermore we will invest in developing new nutritional applications. “As well as firmly establishing our presence in the global betaine market, Vistabet will be a significant addition to AB Vista’s innovative product portfolio. It also underlines how committed we are to investing in new ingredients and applications that help customers get more from their feed.” More

information:

Website: www.abvista.com

countries will at tend this event , representing multitr ade gr ain houses, f lour millers, government authorities, commodity traders and machinery suppliers. “Abu Dhabi, one of the seven sheikhdoms that make up the United Arab Emirates, is the largest geographically, occupying more than 80 percent of the UAE’s total area,” emphasises Mer zad Jamshidi, District Director of IAOM. The IAOM Conference & Expo is held annually, rotating between the Middle East and Africa region. More

information:

www.iaom-mea.com

NEWS IN BRIEF Muyang has formally announced the establishment of the Muyang R&D Institute after restructuring all research resources group-wide. Bupo Animal Health (Pty) Ltd, based in Pretoria, South Africa has started distributing Norel Animal Nutrition products for the poultry, dairy, and cattle markets. Bupo Animal Health has established itself as a reliable company in the animal health industry for the last 25 years.

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News

September - October 2012

NEWS

Belt Alignment Monitoring: Rub Block vs. Touchswitch

elt misalignment is a common problem in b e l t c o nveyo r s a n d bucket elevators. When the belt is severely misaligned it can cause damage to the machine casing while generating dangerous heat in dust hazard environments. Two typical methods of detecting belt misalignment are the rub block and the Touchswitch.

The Rub Block

misalignment of both pulleys and belts in conveyors and bucket elevators. The sensor detects the lateral force of the belt or pulley and activates a voltage free relay contact. This relay contact can be used to send an alarm or shutdown the machine. The sensors are usually installed in pairs on opposite sides of the belt / pulley. The face of the sensor is made from hardened and annealed stainless steel, not soft brass

or aluminium, increasing wear resist ance when the belt contacts it. The Touchswitch is not affected by dust or material built up; it will work even when completely covered by material. The Touchswitch sensor is easy to adjust and and can be used with pressures between 2 and 5 kg. It has got a test but ton which allows to create an error to test the ef f icie nc y of t he securit y system. The Touchswitch is ATEX

certified for zones 20, 21 and 22 Ex II 1D T125째C without internal cabling. It also has CSA and IECEx approvals. The sensor can be connected direct to a PLC or for increased security to an independent monitoring system such as the B400 ELITE, WATCHDOG ELITE or T500 Hotbus, all ATEX approved zone 21 and 22. More

information:

Website: www.go4b.co.uk

The Rub Block consists of soft brass with an embedded temperature sensor. The sensor alarms when the brass heats to the trip temperature. Three main drawbacks exist for this sensor. First, by the time the brass heats, the belt has already been misaligning for a period of time. Second, the belt could periodically rub against the brass and move away, wearing through the rub block without ever giving an alarm, leaving you unprotected. Finally, there is no simple way to test the rub block without introducing he at int o a pote nti ally hazardous environment.

The Touchswitch The Touchswitch design addresses these three issues. First, it detects the lateral force of the belt, and gives you an immediate voltage free relay contact change when the belt contacts it. Second, the face of the sensor is made of hardened stainless steel, which is much more resistant to wear than soft brass. Finally, each Touchswitch has a test knob and status LED, so you can tighten the test knob to simulate a belt misalignment and watch the LED go out followed by machine alarm /shutdown. When you loosen the test knob it simulates the belt moving off of the Touchswitch and the LED turns back on. The Touc h s w i t c h is an electro-mechanical limitswitch wit h no moving p ar t s t h at d e t e c t s t h e

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September - October 2012 | 11

FEATURE

A PACKAGING EVOLUTION by bpi.visqueen, United Kingdom

n all areas of modern society, the animal feed industry included, packaging is the subject of constant scrutiny. No longer is it enough for a solution to deliver advanced product protection, it must also do so in a way that is cost effective, efficient and green. To achieve these goals, companies across the UK are increasingly looking to forward thinking manufacturers like bpi.visqueen. With over thirty years of experience in the field, this British based business is perfectly placed to offer the animal feed sector high quality, high performance packaging that delivers a whole range of next generation benefits. As Mark Shaw, Sales Manager at bpi. visqueen, explains, “As a long established manufacturer of polythene packaging for a wide variety of applications, we’re able to draw on our considerable infrastructure and technical expertise to develop technically advanced packaging that really pushes the boundaries in terms of innovation, performance and quality.” He continues, “When it comes to the animal feed sector, we recognise that packaging that fails to perform can prove incredibly costly, both in short term financial implications and in the long term damage to a company’s reputation. It’s for this reason that we continue to invest time, effort and resources into developing packaging that not only offers exceptional durability and strength, but

12 | September - October 2012

that is also tailored to suit the specific needs of an individual customer or packing line.”

Pioneering new packaging solutions By combining on-going product development with the latest advancements in technology, bpi.visqueen continues to develop solutions that push the boundaries both in terms of their performance and their fit for purpose nature. In particular, this includes bpi.visqueen’s Polisax range. Available in a wide selection of size and colour options, this range of heavyduty sacks has been designed to ensure better product protection during transportation and storage. “Created specifically to address the growing demands placed on modern animal feed operations, the Polisax range can help users to significantly reduce spoilage rates and to extend the shelf life of a product,” says Mark. “A further example of bpi.visqueen innovation is the Ventisack product – a highstrength, tear resistant, co-extruded FFS film that can be used to create sacks with a revolutionary back seam. This unique seam allows air to vent from the formed sacks quickly during packing, but still has the ability to keep the weather, and water in particular, out. “These product features are particularly important in the animal feed sector, where products are often packed on high speed packing lines and are often stored outside at the mercy of the elements and at serious risk from water ingression.”

Going greener by going thinner As well as striving to offer users greater levels of product performance, bpi.visqueen has also invested in the latest manufacturing processes to help meet the increasing demand for more sustainable packaging solutions. In line with this approach, the business has been quick to embrace new manufacturing techniques including the latest advancements in packaging downgauging. Essentially, this entails using the state-of-the-art extrusion technology and advanced polymers to offer films with all the strength and performance of conventional products, but from a considerably thinner film profile. This ability to create packaging using a thinner film and by virtue, less film by volume, delivers environmental benefits through a marked reduction in the level of packaging waste to dispose of post-use. Plus, in the case of bpi.visqueen, all of its downgauged packaging products are 100 percent recyclable. Further green benefits come downgauged packaging’s thinner profile which allows more product to be wound onto a standard reel. This helps to reduce delivery requirements and as a result, associated vehicle emissions.

Enabling commercial dividends Aside from these impressive environmental credentials, the extra length of film per reel offered by downgauged polythene packaging also enables users to enjoy important commercial gains.

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FEATURE film to seal with less thermal energy, reducing necessary heat-up times for machinery as well as associated energy demands and costs.”

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As Mark explains, “With most animal feed producers facing rising material, energy and other costs, it’s arguably more important than ever for packaging to play a part in reducing outgoings and in helping to preserve tight margins. “Downgauged packaging’s ability to deliver more from less is as beneficial from a commercial point of view as it is for the environment. For example, its thinner nature can actually deliver film savings of up to 15 percent, leading to a reduction in packaging costs.” In addition, the extra length of film of film per reel offered by downgauged polythene packaging means a reduction in packaging deliveries. This in turn results in fewer associated administrative demands - such as the need to order product, to deal with deliveries at goods inward and to process related invoices.

Advanced technology As well as investing in the latest packaging materials, it’s also equally important that users don’t overlook the importance of choosing the product that’s best suited to the challenges of their own particular packaging operation. As Mark points out, “As packaging materials for the animal feed sector have evolved, so has bagging and packing machinery that these products are used with. For instance, in recent years we’ve increasingly seen a shift towards using advanced, high-speed packing lines which employ films supplied as a flat single wound sheet. “The reasons behind this shift are manifold. They not only run at a higher speed than traditional tubular film lines, but the supportive design of the machinery also allows for the use of the latest downgauged, thinner films. The result is a more cost effective, productive and efficient approach to animal feed packaging. “In addition, single wound sheeting allows for all around printing on the finished product. Compared to tubular film, where the 14 | September - October 2012

edges of the film can’t be printed, this offers feed producers enhanced print quality and additional opportunities to maximise brand awareness. He continues, “That said, some animal feed producers still choose to employ packaging created from tubular film. This packaging format offers certain advantages when packaging particularly dusty products, which can contaminate seams and affect seal quality. Tubular film lines are also better suited to shorter runs and lower volume orders, as they allow for quicker and easier reel changes.”

Developing bespoke solutions To allow its customers in the animal feed industry to make the most of the machinery at their disposal, bpi.visqueen is able to offer bespoke packaging solutions that directly reflect the needs of the individual customer or the demands of a specific packing operation. “To get the best results, it’s important that users select the right product for the application in hand,” explains Mark. “For example, any film employed on today’s high speed, fully automated packing lines is able to accommodate the pace of operation. To reduce the likelihood of unnecessary stoppages, a film must have a good reel profile and just the right level of slip, which allows the film to move smoothly over the machinery with reduced drag. “At bpi.visqueen, we not only have the ability to offer films with enhanced consistency and slip levels, but we’re also able to tailor the polymer blend to give bespoke solutions according to the specific requirements of our customers.” He continues, “This includes developing films that offer users superior sealing qualities as well as characteristics such as a lower seal initiation temperature. This can help to contribute towards faster packing speeds and increased output and productivity. Plus, the lower sealing temperature also allows the

As part of its commitment to adding long-term value to all its customers in the animal feed industry, bpi.visqueen also offers users greater scope to raise their company profile and to promote brand awareness. As Mark points out, “In today’s marketing-aware world, companies have to take advantage of every opportunity to raise brand awareness, maximise the effectiveness of marketing messages and to set themselves apart from their competitors. On-going advances in printing technology now enable polythene packaging to play a greater role in achieving that than perhaps ever before.” The Polisax range can actually be printed in up to eight colours using process print technology to give enhanced aesthetic qualities. This can prove invaluable in helping products to achieve greater ‘stand out’ at the point of purchase. In addition, print can also be applied to the gusseted section of the pack. This 360o coverage around the entire film tube means no wasted areas of plain white space along the sidewalls of the resultant sacks and no lost opportunity to promote a marketing message.

An on-going evolution Despite its many advances to date, the on-going evolution of polythene packaging solutions for the animal feed industry shows no signs of slowing. To stay abreast and frequently pre-empt the sector’s needs, bpi. visqueen continues to invest not only expertise but also considerable resources into enhancing their product range. The business has many new developments planned for the imminent future and continues to invest heavily to develop increasingly innovative packaging solutions. As Mark concludes, “As one of Europe’s leading packaging manufacturers, bpi.visqueen is committed to finding new ways of adding real, long term value to its customers in the animal feed packaging sector. “This includes developing packaging that not only protects and contains a given product, but that also plays a role in reducing outgoings, improving green credentials and in improving brand identity. The bpi.visqueen sack ranges offers animal feed producers a wealth of value adding benefits.”

More Information: Website: www.bpivisqueen.com

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FEATURE

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FEATURE

Pellet production to save energy, improve feed efficiency and safety

by Murray Hyden C Biol, MSB, Director of Biosecurity, Kiotechagil, United Kingdom

nergy doesn’t get any cheaper, raw material prices continue to climb and margins are squeezed. There is no doubt that pelleting improves efficiency and biosecurity but can it be made more cost effective?

subsequently less wastage. All these benefits however depend on pellet quality after the cooler. If pellet quality is expensive to achieve then costs increase and financial benefits are lost and the selection of a low inclusion binder makes sense for so many reasons. Nutritionally, pelleted feeds are more Efficiency of the pelleting process is the key to feed mill profitability. With 90 percent digestible as a result of starch pregelatinisaof animal feed in Europe being pelleted, tion and protein denaturation. The finer every feed mill needs to optimise their pel- grist size used in pellets has been found to increase digestibility in pigs. leting efficiency. In birds, weight gain and feed efficiency are improved when the pellet quality is good. Pelleting positives Pelleting feed increases the bulk density Even when pelleted diets are re-ground to of the ration, allowing more tonnage to be the consistency of mash, the performance delivered per truck, saving costs for the benefits are still found indicating direct benfarmer and space in storage. Pelleted feeds efits from the pelleting process. Body weight improvements and monare easy to use in either bulk or bags. Pellets also improve conveying by screw augers, and etary returns are inversely proportional to discharge from feed bins due to reduced the level of fines in finisher diets. Birds need to use less energy to consume the same bridging. Pelleted feed is nutritionally consistent level of nutrients in pellets as those fed mash from pellet to pellet with each pellet con- feeds; in fact birds fed pellets can ingest their taining the correct balance of amino acids, total energy requirements in four percent of minerals and vitamins. This means that there the day compared with 15 percent of the is no opportunity for ingredient selection day for mash feeds. In pig production, heat treatment durduring consumption by fussy feeders and ing pelleting improves the digestibility of maize which can result in a six to eight percent improvement in daily gain and feed conversion. Reduced fines and improved digestibility lead to further improvements that are often overlooked. For example, Figure 1: The effect of temperature on viscosity of a gum and corn starch improved feed conversion and 16 | September - October 2012

nutrient utilisation reduces the volume of excreta which benefits the environment, so we have less feed being used to improve growth rates and improve to the environment. However, probably the best-known indirect benefit of pelleting is biosecurity. Most of the common pathogens such as Salmonella, Escherichia and Campylobacter are non-spore forming bacteria and are therefore sensitive to heat. The temperature required is often not as high as expected with S. typhimurium being killed after just 10 seconds at 70°C but requiring 7 minutes at 60°C.

Binding benefits None-the-less, pelleting is a very high cost process (and is becoming more so with energy prices increasing). The use of high efficiency pellet binders can reduce energy requirements in three ways: 1: Poor pellet quality results in higher fines levels and more returns which is energetically inefficient. 2: Pellet binders help lubricate the die which reduces energy requirements as well as increasing mill throughput. Lubricating dies minimises wear so they should last for 25-30,000 tonnes with just one refurbishment. Changing dies takes upwards of 2 hours during which time the line cannot operate. 3: Pellet quality can be enhanced at lower temperatures that still permit the biosecurity benefits but where starch gelatinisation may not be sufficient to contribute to pellet quality. This saves energy and speeds up throughput. To achieve good pellets moisture is essential; typically 16 percent moisture content is required in the conditioner to hydrolyse the starches. Moisture content and temperature are related because it is the steam that provides both the heat and the water for adequate pellet production. Temperature should ideally reach 80°C

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September - October 2012 | 17

FEATURE to ensure starch gelatinisation but this is not always achieved. Consequently the starch in the ration formulation is not able to contribute to pellet quality. By using gums in a pellet binder a much faster moisture uptake is achieved at lower temperatures to ensure higher viscosity in the conditioner and better heat transfer into the grist. If the feed is very dry then not only is there insufficient water for gum hydrolysis but the feed is too dry for the heat transfer necessary to achieve starch gelatinisation. If this is the case it may be necessary to resort to spraying water directly in the mixer to add one to two percent water to the mix to increase pellet temperature in the conditioner and get better gum gelatinisation. Moist feed is generally more palatable and digestible too. However, too much water increases the risk of moulding so it may be necessary to check that the pellets dry to 12 – 14 percent MC after the cooler to minimise the risk of moulding. High pressure steam tends to be drier and does not achieve such high temperatures or moisture in the conditioner, therefore different feed types will be more difficult to pellet than others if the pellet binders and starches do not activate Recommended pressures for different products are: • Ruminant (fibrous) - 3.5 bar / 50 psi • Pig - 2.5 bar / 35 psi

18 | September - October 2012

• Broiler – 1.5 bar / 20 psi Recommended conditioning temperatures for different products are: • Ruminant (fibrous) – 50/60°C • Pig – 65/70°C • Pig creep (milk powder) – 45/50°C • Broiler – 80/85°C Pelleting larger fibrous materials for ruminants requires a different approach to the smaller broiler pellets where biosecurity is paramount. The thermal processing during pelleting is not the only cost consideration. It is generally accepted that using a roller mill is less expensive that using a hammer mill mainly as a result of lower maintenance costs.

can result in reduced pellet quality which is because the main binding agent, starch, has been removed to produce ethanol. Whilst enzyme systems have been developed to improve the digestibility of the DDGS, a pellet binder is often required to achieve a suitable pellet quality from this high fibre ingredient. One other important factor of pellet binders is that they help maintain pellet quality during seasonal changes in raw material quality. The pelletability of freshly harvested cereals is often quite different to the last of the previous harvest grains. So it is likely that this year’s UK harvest, which has been subjected to an abnormal weather pattern, will be reflected in pellet quality.

Feed formulation issues

Improving pellet quality

Feed formulation plays a major part in final pellet quality and high protein cereals such as wheat will contribute more to pellet quality than maize, oats or barley. Dietary fat is known to have an inverse relationship with pellet quality, hence the use of post pellet fat spraying for certain rations. When fat is incorporated into the feed the added fat coats starch granules, and prevents water uptake, which in turn impairs the heat transfer necessary for gelatinisation. When high levels of dietary fat are used, or when maize is the primary cereal in the ration formulation, traditional binders such as thixotropic bentonite clays or lignosulphonates (the waste product from the wood pulping process to manufacture paper) have been used to improve pellet quality. However, neither of these binders provides any substantial nutritional value to the diet. In fact, both these ingredients are incorporated at high inclusion rates and actually dilute the nutrient content of the feed resulting in more expensive raw material usage to compensate. With cereal prices ever increasing in price the temptation to use more coproducts such as DDGS from bioethanol production is much greater. However, DDGS inclusion

A low inclusion binder, like Kiotechagil’s Mastercube, can really help overcome many of the problems associated with the feed formulation and can also help overcome some of the engineering shortfalls such as short conditioners or poor steam quality. Mastercube is both a binder and a hardener and it uses only EU approved ingredients. The primary binder is a gum that gelatinises at much lower temperatures than traditional starches (Figure 1) and provides higher viscosity and improved lubrication at the die. The result is faster throughput and lower fines. As the pellet cools the hardener in Mastercube, a high quality calcium sulphate, which is approved as a nutrient, has a dual function as a calcium source and a hardener. Pellet breakage during transport and storage due to soft or badly formed pellets is also wasteful. The hardener increases pellet durability to enable pellets to be blown, augured and transported without being crushed. The selection of a low inclusion binder has the advantage that it minimises the impact of nutrient density so feed costs can be maintained. A feed mill operating efficiently and dustfree is a pleasant place to work. It is safe for the operators and easier to keep clean. From a biosecurity viewpoint, fines, settling as dust on floors and equipment, will soon pick up moisture and will become a habitat for enteropathogens. The requirement today must be for pellet binders that do not compromise nutrient density, throughput or biosecurity. Genetic selection of meat producing animals that maximise feed intake ensures that the response to pelleted diets much more significant than was reported just twenty or thirty years ago. Using an effective pellet binder is cost effective in so many ways and can be a real benefit in terms of digestibility, biosecurity and mill throughput thus making a quality pellet binder pay for itself many times over. More Information: Website: www.kiotechagil.com

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September - October 2012 | 19

FEATURE

Probiotics:

modulators of gut bacteria dialogue by Marisol Castillo, DVM, PhD, Rubinum Animal Health SA, Spain

robiotics have been used in humans and livestock animals for a long time. These additives, once administered to the animals, enter into the gastrointestinal tract where they exert their actions. Whereas, historically, the main effect attributed to these products was the direct modulation of certain groups of bacteria (mainly lactobacilli and enterobacteria), today it is well known that probiotics exert several and complex actions in the gut. Some studies have related their beneficial effects on a modulatory effect of the host immune system and, more recently, on gut bacteria communication. This article will briefly describe the effect of probiotics modulating gut bacteria communication.

Modifying gut bacteria It seems logical that the use of live bacteria in feed may modify gut microbial profile either directly, by producing some chemical substances, or indirectly by modification of nutrient availability and overall gut environment. It also makes sense that when an ‘unknown’ bacteria is introduced into the animal gut tract, it reacts in a such way that produces a response in the local, and sometimes systemic, immune response. This effect seems to be more pronounced when non-commensal bacteria are given to animals, mainly Bacillus spp. species. In this regard, it is well known that there is a type of dialogue between the gut bacteria and the animal gut cells, and is in fact called ‘cross-talk process’. Bacteria belonging to the animal commensal microbiota have the ability to modify or begin the expression of host gut receptors as well as to modulate the gut glycosylation pattern, both quantitatively and qualitatively by changing distribution 20 | September - October 2012

of such receptors. In this way, they can improve therefore their own gut colonisation and, what is more, ‘create’ new potential sites for their attachment. So, an optimal gut bacteria population is crucial to prime the immune system in the correct way, which is especially important in immature animals, such as commercially

reared piglets. In fact, the resident microbiota is usually described as the major source of antigenic material for the animal. Several studies have demonstrated an optimised immune response when probiotics are administered (higher amount of antibodies in colostrum, gut content and blood, higher specific gut immune cells).

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FEATURE

Disrupting bacteria communication Apart from the direct gut bacteria modification and immune effect, new recent studies have demonstrated the effect of some bacteria belonging to Bacillus spp. to disrupt bacteria communication, a fact that can explain some of the effects of probiotics based on this bacterium. It has been described that there is a communication between gut bacteria, called ‘quorum sensing’ that allows bacteria to get a consensus on whether the intestinal environment has been effectively colonised before making the energetic investment required for the initiation of their metabolic response to colonize or infect the host (by producing toxins, adherence factors). In particular, some gram-negative bacteria typical from the gastrointestinal tract (Yersinia, E. Coli, Salmonella) produce specific kinds of molecules (N-acyl-homoserinelactones). These molecules are not only produced but also recognised by these bacteria, giving to them the possibility to know when the population has reached the optimal population level to start animal host infection. When this threshold level is reached, enteropathogens start inducing the expression of some specific genes that express for invasion and infective factors. In this way, bacteria belonging to this group, guarantee the most suitable time to

start gut colonisation and invade host to succeed in host infection to cause damage. In particular, different in vitro trials run by Rubinum SA in collaboration with CRESA, have demonstrated that B. cereus var. toyoi has an effect against the gut colonisation by some potential gut enteropathogens, such as

between them. This new information opens a new concept in the probiotic´s mode of action studies. Taking this in mind, the use of one probiotic with this ability may be helpful in some specific situations –in those situations in which we want not only to reduce the amount of these specific

"The use of one probiotic with this ability may be helpful in some specific situations –in those situations in which we want not only to reduce the amount of these specific enteropathogens in the gut, but also to avoid the potential of these bacteria to invade gut epithelium and therefore animal body"

Yersinia and Salmonella spp by destroying the chemical substances cited above. It seems therefore that probiotics are not only able to directly modify gut specific bacteria populations and profile host immune response, but also they can interrupt the way used by enteropathogens to communicate

enteropathogens in the gut, but also to avoid the potential of these bacteria to invade gut epithelium and therefore animal body. More Information: Website: www.rubinum.es

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September - October 2012 | 21

FEATURE

Insect-damaged wheat: suni bug, cereal bug, sunn pest, wheat bug, shield bug, shell bug by Prof. Dr. M. Hikmet Boyacioglu, Group R&D Director-Cereal Foods Institute Director, Doruk Group Holding, Turkey This article was derived from the presentation made in 4th International M端hlenchemie Symposium, September 8-9, 2011.

heat quality can be defined in terms of inherent quality attributes those under genetic control and seasonal quality attributes (Table 1, 2). One of the parameters of wheat quality is insect-damage. It is widely accepted that insect-damaged wheat contains a bug salivary proteinase, which causes rapid relaxation of dough and, consequently, results in the production of loaves with poor volume and texture (Cressey, 1987, Every et al., 1996). Damage to wheat and its baking quality, due to preharvest insect attack, has been reported across the world including Germany, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and New Zealand amongst others. Damage to the wheat crop in Syria, where nearly the whole harvest in a relatively small area was affected, caused a loss of 24 million Francs in 1924. The affected area doubled in 1925 and was six-fold in 1926, but damage decreased in 1927 and 1928, although the insect damage covered a larger area. Part of Ukraine also suffered severe damage in 1901 and 1909. In Turkey, insect damage to wheat, first time, was reported in 1932 and 1937. The damage caused by bugs to the New Zealand crop is usually low, but its incidence varies from year to year. There have been five major outbreaks of bug damage in New Zealand, since the problem was first reported in 1936. The problem regained importance after the 1980s in Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Russia, Bulgaria, and Romania as well as in Turkey (Lorenz. and Meredith, 1988). In recent years, it has reappeared in Black Sea region. The insects which cause the damage have been identified a Eurygaster integriceps and Aelia rostrata in Europe and in the Near East. 22 | September - October 2012

In New Zealand, Nysius huttoni is thought to be the cause of the problem (Lorenz and Meredith, 1988). This article reviews the economical importance and varietal susceptibility of insect damage, methods for the prediction of damage, effects on baking quality, suni bug management and improvement of bread quality.

Economical importance The economical importance of the cereal bug E. integriceps on the wheat plant concentrates on two main points of negative effects. First of all, the bite of only one mature insect, which survives under the winter conditions, is more than enough to kill the plant body. Yield losses attributable to direct feeding typically range between 50 and 90 percent. Secondly, five nymph generations feeding on the ear of the plant have completed their larva era, but are still not mature insects or the young bugs increase the rate and number of bitten kernels, which in turn result in a sharp decline in the quality of bread. If immature grain is attacked in the field by insects, there is damage to the mature grain. The dough made from this grain is very weak, owing to the action of a protease presumably injected by the insect. Because of the severe results on dough formation and baking quality, bug-damaged grain is severely downgraded, generally warranting only feed grade prices (Wrigley and Batey, 2003; Trissi, 2006). The damage caused by the cereal bug shows important differences which are influenced by a number of criteria such as climate and weather conditions, availability of water, characteristics of the wheat type, and

time of ripening of wheat, or a combination of these factors. According to Paulian and Popov (1980) some 10-15 million hectares (25-37 million acres) of cereal cultivation are at risk, and in certain years chemical treatments may be applied to seven million hectares (about 17 million acres) in an attempt to limit the damage, especially if the crop is wheat. A report prepared and published in 1993 by FAO/ICARDA authorities, states that about 1.3 million acres field is inflicted by E. integriceps, and a part of 582.000 acres are Table 1: Inherent Quality Attributes Protein type and quality (extensibility, stability to mixing), Potential to produce grain with protein content in a given range (either high or low), Grain hardness, Potential to produce grain having a high milling yield (high milling release), Resistance to weather damage-dormancy.

Table 2: Seasonal Quality Attributes Soundness and maturity, Plumpness and hence actual milling yield, Actual protein content, Weather damage, Content of broken, shriveled, dry green, or frosted grains, Contamination of foreign seeds, Presence of unmillable material, e.g. chaff, white heads, Presence of moldy, insect damaged, or infested grain, Moisture content.

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FEATURE thus treated with pesticides. The calculated cost for the treatment of one acre with pesticides is about US$10, making a total of US$5,870,000. In a report prepared by specialists about the cereal bug problem in Turkey, it was stated that should no plant protection measurement and precautions be taken against the insect during plague years, the damage could reach a ratio of 90 percent to as much as 100 percent. Moreover, if sufficient precautions are taken against the plague, savings with an amount of US$40,000,000 could be achieved (Kınacı, 1994).

Varietal susceptibility Many researchers have noted that the genetic quality of the insect-damaged variety influences the degree of quality deterioration (Cressey et al, 1987). Paulian and Popov (1980) reported that hard wheats are attacked more severely by the insect E. integriceps than soft wheats. Also, in New Zealand, the semi-hard wheat cultivar Karamu has shown more effects and the soft, white wheat cultivar Arawa has fewer effects of bug damage than other cultivars (Every et al, 1996). In a study to investigate the susceptibility of various New Zealand wheat cultivars and breeding lines to attack by N. huttoni, Every et al (1996) stated that the hard wheat cultivar Domino was clearly the least susceptible

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and the soft type breeding line WW378 was clearly the most susceptible to Nysius infestation. A similar study performed in Turkey by Kınacı (1994) has proven that the cereal bug E. integriceps prefers to attack white, soft and/or semi-hard wheats and it is astonishing that the first priority of the insect is to select those high quality kernels. The same study showed that E. integriceps rarely attacks hard wheats. The latest genotypes of wheat which the bug preferred to attack were hard red wheats. Also it was observed that the density of the cereal bug among wheat having thick, hard and tightly adhered seed coats

is much less (Kınacı, 1994).

Effects on baking quality In 1931, wheat producing a ‘slimy gluten’ was reported by Berliner. This wheat was completely unsuitable for processing into bread because doughs formed from the flour quickly relaxed, becoming very sticky and difficult to mould. Loaves of bread baked from these doughs typically had low volume, coarse texture, and knobbly tops. Gluten was washed out of the flour with difficulty, and instead of having the normal elastic properties; it was ‘slimy’ or ‘rotten’ (Lorenz and Meredith, 1988).

September - October 2012 | 23

FEATURE

Figure 1. Farinogram, based on Brabender Farinograph Standard Procedure, shows 2.6% insect damage on wheat Courtesy of DORMAR Flour Mills, Turkey.

Dough made from flour stinkbug-damaged wheat has lost much of its elasticity and is sticky or slimy. A review of several overseas studies (Nuorteva and Veijola, 1954) indicates that in general a level of two to five percent affected grain is necessary before baking quality is degraded. Meredith (1970) claimed that three to four bug-damaged grains per thousand could seriously affect baking quality. Effects of attack by suni bug were studied on the size of Russian grains and percent of damaged grain was found to be higher in smaller fractions; the proportion of fully destroyed grains and the degree of damage on the whole sample set both increased in smaller fractions (Yakovenko, 1985). The influence of wheat infestation by suni bug on bread making properties of Bulgarian wheat was investigated and results showed that suni bug infestation had a marked impact on bread making properties, with even one percent infestation affecting bread quality (Vasileva et al., 1998).

Methods for the prediction of damage

Figure 2. Extensigram, based on Brabender Extensigraph Standard Procedure, shows 2.6% insect damage on wheat Courtesy of DORMAR Flour Mills, Turkey.

Figure 3. Alveogram, based on Alveo-AH Standard Procedure shows insect damage on wheat Courtesy of POLEN Gıda, Turkey.

Initially it was not known whether slimy gluten was produced by a new kind of wheat or by normal wheat that had been damaged in some way. Whatever the cause of the problem, it was clearly of considerable concern to European millers. According to later investigations, wheat that produced slimy gluten had a proportion of grains with small dark puncture marks surrounded by a patch of lighter colour. Wheat without puncture marks gave ‘sound’ gluten even if the grain was selected from a batch produced ‘slimy’ gluten. However only relatively low levels (approximately 3%) of puncture-marked wheat were needed to ruin the remaining sound grain (Lorenz and Meredith, 1988). 24 | September - October 2012

Although puncture marks on wheat suggested attack by sap-sucking insects, the ability of affected wheat to ruin sound grain indicated that slimy gluten was caused by an enzyme. Two insects of the genera Eurygaster and Aelia were considered to be responsible for producing wheat with damaged gluten (Kretovich, 1944; Lorenz and Meredith, 1988). Brooke (1936) states that as little as one or two percent of stinkbug-damaged kernels may injure the baking quality of wheat, depending on the severity of the damage in the damaged kernels. Much larger quantities of damaged kernels are often found in wheat from fields where the infestation was heavy.

Physical Tests - Currently, the most widely used method to determine insect damage in wheat is the visual method. Wheat bug damage to wheat kernels can be examined visually since they are recognised as pale, slightly elevated patches, often with one or more black dots considered to be the marks of bug stylet punctures. No such damage can be found in uninfested samples. Chemical and Biochemical Tests - The prediction of the extent of insect-damage to wheats prior to milling has gained importance as the enzyme secreted by cereal bugs results in the production of runny and sticky dough and, subsequently, a low quality of bread. Most of the test methods determine the quality of gluten and dough, since the enzyme influences the gluten structure. To determine the bug damage in wheats, Greenway et al (1965) developed a method which is based on wheat sedimentation test. The method has been found to be effective and sensitive when two hydration times, such as five and 180 minutes, were used. Atlı et al (1988) modified this method by applying a two-hour hydration period after the addition of bromphenol solution (Table 3, 4). In New Zealand, Cressey and McStay (1987) proposed an autolytic assay method that is based on the decrease in SDSsedimentation volume of bug-damaged flours by incubating in distilled water for 30 minutes at 37oC. It has been suggested that the method is specific for bug damage and is free of interference from other grain defects such as heat damage, field sprouting and laboratory germination. However, this method needs considera-

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FEATURE instruments. ‘Suni Bug It has Wheat Type Sed., cc Del. Sed., cc Damage’, % been suggested that it is Bezostia 0.7 48 65 necessary Mix 1.1 35 41 to record White-Red 2.3 22 9 the farinograms and White-Red 2.4 38 10 alveograms White 2.5 20 10 immediCourtesy of DORMAR Flour Mills, Turkey ately after the dough is made Table 4: and again after it has Sedimentation Value, cc Gluten Quality stood in a warm place for 60 to 90 minutes, <25 Weak as the disintegration of the dough takes 25 – 30 Medium place only after it has >30 Good rested. Farinograph curves of flour show ble amount of sample and enzyme (Swallow the effects of bug and Every, 1991). In addition, there is no damage particularly at available information that this method can be higher temperatures also used to detect the damage of Eurygaster (45oC). The curve of and Aelia, since it has been developed for a sound flour is wider different type of bug-damage. and the decrease in Every (1991) developed an economical consistency with mixand sensitive SDS-protein gel method, based ing occurs less rapidly. on the determination of enzyme activity, to The increasing softentest the activities of different protease types. ing of the dough also This method measures the reduction in the shows as an irregular gel-formation capacity of glutenin proteins by band towards the end the enzyme. However, it is not known yet of the curve (Lorenz if this method can be used for the damage and Meredith, 1988). caused by Eurygaster and Aelia. According The methods based on the washing of to Brabender gluten after a resting period of 30 minutes Procedure; do the at 25oC of the dough gives a better under- normal Farinogram standing of changes in the quantity and qual- for 10 minutes, stop the mixer (via softity of gluten (Atlı et al., 1988). Gluten index method also has been ware) (value here found to be useful in determining the pres- is for example 480 ence of slimy gluten, due to the attack of BU), leave the dough wheat kernels by wheat bugs (Perten, 1989). in the mixer, and A method for rapid indication of infec- restart via software tion was proposed involving incubation of after 20 minutes wheat in water at 30oC, to activate the insect pause. If the values proteinases, followed by PAGE to determine of the second mixing gluten profile and thus, the amount of deg- continue on the level radation that has occurred (Corbellini et al., from the first mixing (around 480 BU in 2001). this example), there is no bug damage. If Rheological Tests Insect bug damage could be reliably the values are lower predicted by using Brabender Farinograph, (for example total 50 Brabender Extensigraph, and Chopin BU), there is strong Alveograph and Chopin Mixolab instruments. bug damage. From For the estimation of the bug-damage, the second mixing, another method which has been developed the bug damage in in France uses Chopin extensimeter and the sample could be has been made official by special regulation estimated (Figure 1). The Brabender (Kretovich, 1944). is Kretovich (1944) indicated that bug dam- Extensigraph age could be reliably predicted by using another instrument Brabender farinograph and Chopin alveograph used to determine Table 3:

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FEATURE

Bread making Test

insect damage in wheat due to two or three resting periods (45, 90 and 135 minutes) between dough resistance and extensibility measurements (Figure 2). Currently, the Chopin Alveograph is also used for the measurement of insect-damage to wheat. The method involves testing of three dough pieces out of five after resting 20 minutes and after three hours for the remaining dough pieces. It has been claimed that this method could detect about 0.9% insect damage by measuring the reduction in P, L, and W values (Anonymous). Since the enzyme delivered by insect needs time and temperature to show its effect, standard alveograph method, which uses 20 minutes resting time, does not show the presence of insect-damage. However, modified Alveograph method shows the effect of insect damage since it uses extended time of three hours - degradation test. The degradation test protocol involves: - a first series of alveograph tests after 20 minutes of rest (ISO 5530/4, ICC121, AACC54-30 approved method) - a second series of balls of dough is tested after three hours rest. If the wheat contains bugs, a drop in baking strength (W) is observed due to protein hydrolysis caused by the insect’s proteolytic enzymes (Figure 3). It has been claimed that this method could detect about 0.9% insect damage by measuring the reduction in P, L, and W values. Atlı et al (1988) suggested a modification of this method by using a two-hours resting period for the dough pieces. Aspesteguia et al (2003) reported that kneading temperature did not influence gluten degradation; however, resting temperature significantly influenced when assessing wheat damaged by wheat bugs. The Chopin Mixolab system measures real-time dough behaviour with regard to the dual constraint of kneading and temperature. It is claimed that system measures insect damage in 45 minutes including rest time. Investigations were conducted on the development of a rapid method (using viscosity measurement with the Rapid Visco Analyzer) for testing wheat for proteolytic determination due to infestation with insects of the genera Aelia and Eurygaster. Results showed that this method is rapid (results within 10 minutes) and gives 97.27% correct classification over a wide range of proteolytic degradation. Repeatability and reproducibility were good (CaballeroBarrigon and Perez-Calvo, 2008). 26 | September - October 2012

In spite of the availability of many methods developed for the prediction of Eurygaster and Aelia damage to wheat quality, the most reliable and sensitive method is a bread making experiment. However, there is still need for simple and fast routine tests, which can be used by the millers during the purchase of wheat, since the baking experiment is relatively time-consuming.

Suni bug management The current strategies for suni bug management rely mainly on chemical and cultural controls; in most cases, chemical control is the primary means of management. This is a costly and unsuitable means of pest management and has resulted in resistance of suni bug to various types of insecticides. The current novel management studies involve the use of resistant wheat varieties, insect pathogens, predators, parasites, and parasitoids. Among the most promising of these natural controls are the egg parasitoids (Trissi, 2006). Cereal growing, especially wheat, in marginal lands; overgrazing of rangeland which results in the destruction of natural vegetation and hence habitat of sunn pest predators; reduction in the area of fallow land by the continuous growing of cereals instead of increasing food or forage legumes within a rotation; the use of broad spectrum insecticides, especially by aerial spraying, might also have increased the difficulties of controlling the sunn pest problem in Turkey (Kınacı et al.,1998).

Improvement of bread quality There are various studies on to improve the quality of insect damaged wheats and their flours.

Wheat treatments In the USSR, high-frequency heating was used for treatment of wheat infested with the shield bug and recommended as a measure for restitution of the baking performance of deteriorated grain (Pruidze et al, 1984). Dıraman (2010) investigated the effects of microwave treatment on technological and rheological properties of flours produced from sound wheat and wheat damaged by sunn pests (Eurygaster spp.). The results for Zeleny sedimentation, Gluten Index and alveogram values suggest that certain microwave treatment times (120-180 seconds) caused positive effects on thermal inactivation of insect enzyme damage of wheat.

Blending Wrigley and Batey (2003) stated that because of the involvement of enzymatic action, the effects of mixing bug-damaged grain with sound grain are disproportionate to the proportions of samples mixed.

Cleaning-tempering Dıraman et al (2001) studied the effect of steam tempering on some protein fractions and farinogram values of commercial wheat having sunn pest damage at several levels. The evaluation of farinogram data combined with positive changes in protein fractions show that 70oC temperature applied during steam tempering did not cause any negative changes in rheological properties of sunn pest damaged samples. Köksel et al (2002) investigated mitigation of the detrimental effects of suni bug damage to wheat by cleaning and washing prior to milling and by elimination of mill streams of lower quality. They concluded that ˃50 percent of insect-damaged kernels can be removed by dry and wet cleaning prior to milling and that flour streams with minimal insect damage can be selected.

Milling Bogdan (1969) reported that bread of good quality can be produced from flour of bug-damaged cereals when flour from damaged grains is blended with good quality flour, ascorbic acid and yeast are added in adequate amounts, or intensive kneading is applied. According to Valtadoros (1979), by using air classification, flour from bug-damaged wheat may be separated into fractions suitable for bread making and those suitable for biscuit manufacture.

Bread making The effect of insect damage on bread making quality of wheat depends on degree of damage or ratio of infested kernel and quality of infested wheat. In case of less than average five percent damage and good protein quality and quantity, effect of insect damage in wheat flour could be lessen by using, improvers, additives such as ascorbic acid (Bogdan, 1969), vital wheat gluten, transglutaminase (Köksel et al., 2001), DATEM, etc. and modified methods such as short fermentation (Swallow and Cresley, 1987), use of sour dough procedure, etc (Dizlek and Gül, 2007).

Conclusion The suni bug is one of the most serious pests of wheat in Europe (except northernmost areas), North Africa and Asia. Yield loss from its damage is commonly estimated at 50-90 percent in wheat and heavy attack causes wheat stems to break before harvest. Even if two to three percent of the grain is damaged, entire lots may be unsuitable for bread making. Therefore, there is a need for simple and fast routine tests, which can be used by the millers during the purchase of wheat, since the baking experiment is relatively time-consuming.

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FEATURE

Managing mill maintenance by Alice Neal, associate editor, Grain and Feed Milling Technology, United Kingdom

t would be wonderful if maintenance were easy. If machines only broke down during scheduled maintenance shutdowns parts could be sourced quickly, maintenance would be simple. But of course, life is never so straightforward and things go wrong at the most inconvenient times. Aside from the cost of shutting down a processing line, poor maintenance can have multiple impacts. Failing to check equipment regularly can lead to a reduction in product quality. Inconsistent products can lead to increased costs and do little to ensure customer confidence. If defective products leave the mill, they can endanger human and animal health. In a worst-case scenario, lack of maintenance can cause the deaths of both staff and end users. This responsibility towards consumers is echoed by the American Feed Industry Association (AFIA). “We believe that feed mill maintenance is of the utmost importance. Properly maintaining feed mills and other feed facilities is the industry’s demonstration of its commitment to its consumers,” says Leslie Malone, communications manager, AFIA. In addition to product quality and health and safety concerns, cost is a compelling reason to adhere to good maintenance. With

Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, UK Based at the University of Greenwich, the Wolfson Centre has been running short training courses for more than 25-years. All courses are designed to suit the needs of engineers across different industries involved in the handling of bulk solid materials or the flow of powders. Previous qualifications are not required – only a basic technical education and/or industry experience. For more information on the forthcoming Particulate Handling Technology at the Wolfson Centre, read our interview with Prof Mike Bradley on page 42 www2.gre.ac.uk 28 | September - October 2012

production costs escalating, the importance of a well thought out and structured maintenance schedule is vital.

Prevention rather than cure As the old saying goes, prevention is better than cure but what is preventative maintenance and how can it be of use in the mill? Preventative maintenance is the simple, day-to-checks and monitoring which help keep a mill running smoothly. The main aim of a preventative maintenance schedule is to reduce major repair bills by addressing minor problems as they occur. A preventative maintenance programme needn’t cost the earth and will save money in the long run. “In order for a flour mill to benefit consistently from the maximum utilisation of

GEAPS/KSU Program, distance learning The Grain Elevator and Processing Society (GEAPS) works with partnership with Kansas State University to offer a multitude of distance learning courses. Covering topics such as the course run periodically throughout the year however, larger groups can request on-demand course. The Grain Elevator Equipment Maintenance course aims to familiarise participants with the proper and safe function, monitoring, adjustments, maintenance and repair of equipment used in everyday grain facilities operations. www.geaps.com

nabim, distance learning The National Association of British and Irish Millers (nabim) offers modern mill training via correspondence courses. Divided into seven parts, several of the modules contain a maintenance element, which relates specifically to the theme of the module. Wheat and the Screenroom, Power and Automation and Flour Milling Management all involve maintenance. www.nabim.org.uk

its assets, it is necessary to have an effective planned maintenance strategy in place. This will ensure that plant failures diminish; it is far better to discover a potential problem before it results in an unplanned stoppage,” says Nigel Bennett, Company Secretary and Employment Affairs Manager, nabim. Checks need to be part of every day

American Feed Industry Association, USA and international The American Feed Industry Association (AFIA) has instituted the Feed Mill of the Year programme, as well as creating several voluntary, thirdparty certification programs, including: Safe Feed/Safe Food and its international counterpart and more recently, the Pet Food Manufacturing Facility and the Pet Food Ingredient Facility certification programs. The organisation believes it is responsible for the industry producing safe feed, feed ingredients, pet food and pet food ingredients in order to produce safe, healthy animals. Designing the certification programs to meet and exceed the highest standards of food and feed safety, demonstrates AFIA’s commitment to its members and to the industry. www.afia.org

IAOM, USA The Association of Operative Millers (IAOM) runs a range of educational programmes in the USA throughout the year. The popular Mill Maintenance I course is an opportunity for maintenance staff to gain the training, contacts and confidence to keep their mills running at maximum capacity. The agenda includes bearings, gates and valves, belts and chains, process auditing, power transmissions, electric motors, safety, sifters, preventative maintenance and electrical troubleshooting. www.iaom.info

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FEATURE working life. It is often machine operators, who have the greatest hands on contact with equipment, who detect faults first. Their concerns should be listened to and acted upon. Timing is key to effective maintenance: repair or replace troublesome parts as soon as problems occur. Similarly, scheduled maintenance needs to be completed on time and worn or dangerous parts should be seen to as a matter of urgency. Pay attention to equipment guidelines which should give an overview of required maintenance. Larger failures will happen occasionally but a good preventative maintenance programme will help minimise the damage.

Training Effective maintenance is not just about machinery; staff training also plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth running of a mill. Time must be taken to ensure staff are trained and confident operating necessary equipment. Personal responsible for feed formulation must also receive adequate

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training â&#x20AC;&#x201C; not just for their own safety but to ensure a quality end product. Different positions will require different training. Those in management roles in feed mills will require specific feed technology training covering the whole production process. Pre-milling, managers may be involved in the selection and purchasing of appropriate ingredients. Once on site, the manger will be responsible for manufacturing, storage and handling of feeds. A solid understanding of the maintenance issues at each stage of the process will help the mill run smoothly. To ensure a consistently high-quality product, training needs to be an ongoing process. New equipment and machinery will obviously require new training but employers should not underestimate the usefulness of refresher training In addition to workplace based training, many of the major milling associations and societies run recognised maintenance courses. These courses can either be attended face-to-face or studied for by distance learning. See side panel/box for more information.

Other factors to consider Although all mill staff have a responsibility to look out for maintenance issues, ultimately it is the responsibility of the mill maintenance manager to oversee the correct running of the mill. Apart from milling machinery, buildings and grounds need to be well maintained. Again, it is simple things such as keeping premises waste and litter free, making sure the good repair of the structure of the building is in sound and internal fixtures and fittings are in good repair. Proper lighting, heating and ventilation helps with staff safety, manufacturing and storage. Cleaning also plays an important role in any milling operation. A clean and ordered mill can help ensure product quality, staff safety and increased equipment life. Milling machinery is slicker, faster and than ever but it remains the key investment a company makes. Given the significant sums of money for new machinery and the damage defective products can do, it pays to maintain mills.

September - October 2012 | 29

FEATURE

Fish

the feed focus from Dragon Town GFMT talks to Buhler on our visit to VIV China 2012

hile Buhler Group of Switzerland has been present in China for three decades, is has just completed its sixth year in its relatively new manufacturing facilities in the industrial heartland for animal feed of Changzhou City in Jiangsu Province – a city nicknamed Dragon Town. It employs more than 800 staff with a focus not just on manufacturing and sales, but also R & D, quality control, servicing, engineering design, installations and commissioning. The new manufacturing facility is working for China and worldwide in the medium and top-end market. Ninety percent of the business has a feed focus while 10 percent is on ports-to-storage logistics, says Mr Robin Meng, head of Buhler’s international business department. “Our main business is related to feed here in Chanzhou. Logistics has only recently become a focus in China and is no more than two years old.” Buhler’s Chanzhou operation is six years old and is growing rapidly, experiencing almost 30 percent per year. “We are looking beyond domestic markets to a worldwide market from China. Our vision or mission is to provide quality products and the best solutions for our customers. We want sustainable development and also find a way to satisfy the customer and help bring benefits to them,” he told Grain and Feed Milling Technology magazine in Beijing recently while attending VIV China.

around 10 percent per year. “China produced 180 million tonnes of animal feed last year having passed the 100 million tonne mark in 2007-08.” He says poultry remains the major protein source followed closely by pork. “But the market is still growing in chicken,” he adds. An issue facing all Chinese consumers is that of taste when it comes to chicken. “Chicken may not be as delicious as before. People are becoming more wealthy and they are looking for quality of life and food safety over taste.” He told GFMT that China has not escaped the issues of food safety and meat has attracted it’s fair share of criticism, yet is clean and of good quality. However, the food-related safety issues are forcing people to look for alternative healthy sources of protein and they have found it in fish, says Mr Meng. “As land animals are not so much available at the prices people can afford, they are looking to the water and the skies for alternatives. In past three years growth has been focused on aquaculture.” Mr Meng says aquaculture is growing at around 30 percent per annual in fresh water

and has to cope with quality issues such as sanitation. Of course, Mr. Meng Said, moving to aquaculture is also revealing less attractive profit in traditional land animal segment and more benefits at a growing stage of the aquaculture segment. “If anything it is growing too fast,” he says. It’s proving difficult for feed producers to keep up and as a result quality and sanitation plus other aspects of feed usage are not being focused on as closely as they should be, he adds.

Watch the interview on your smart phone Simply download the Aurasma light app, and then subscribe to our channel at http://auras.ma/s/1shRr Point your phone at the image below and watch it come to life with the full interview

Market changes Feed processing in China continues to grow, which it has been doing for the past 30 years. Mr Meng believes demand will continue its upward growth trend for the next 10 years, at 30 | September - October 2012

Mr Robin Meng, Buhler’s head of international business at its Buhler (Changzhou) Machinery Co Ltd in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province

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Top: GFMT staff, Sophia Pang (left) and Tuti Tan (right) outside of VIV China 2012 Bottom right: Mr Gorjan Nikolik of Rabobank International (right) with the editor of our sister publication International Aquafeed, Professor Simon Davies at the International China Summit in Beijing For more stories from our trip to VIV take a look at http://bit.ly/V5I1IE

GLOBAL GRAIN & FEED MARKETS

Every issue GFMT’s market analyst John Buckley reviews world trading conditions which are impacting the full range of commodities used in food and feed production. His observations will influence your decision-making.

Canada was expecting a bigger rapeseed crop of 15.4m tonnes versus last year’s 14.5m. Latest official figures suggest heatwaves, disease and gales have cut that back to just 13.4m. Although Europe’s crop now seems slightly bigger than last year’s, the global rapeseed supply is well under expectations.

32 | September - October 2012

Relative calm as supplies tighten

PARADOX presents itself since our last review. Global grain and feed supplies have, as we feared then, have continued to tighten with smaller than expected 2012 crops. Yet prices have actually dropped well off their peaks – from all-time record highs in the case of maize and soyabeans. The global wheat output estimate has shrunk by at least another 6m to 7m tonnes, largely due to the further cuts we (and most of the trade) expected in the drought-plagued former Soviet Union, especially Russia (down 4m alone in the past month). The world wheat crop total (around 658m tonnes versus last year’s 695m) may yet go lower still as Australia’s crop runs into dry weather problems (another 4m to 6m lower?). World maize production estimates have fallen by another 8m tonnes since August and now aggregate a 64m tonne fall since July, mainly due to dismal yields in the USA but also reflecting under-estimated drought and heat impacts in Central & Eastern Europe – (both in the EU and the former Soviet ‘CIS’ countries). Wo r l d o i l s e e d output estimates have also been cut sharply and are now at least 11m tonnes below nitial forecasts, thanks to a drought-afflicted US soyabean crop, 3m tonnes taken off South/east European sunflowerseed output (again in both the EU and the CIS) and a sur pr ise cut of 2m tonnes in Canada’s rapeseed crop estimate. Despite all that, on the benchmar k US futures markets, wheat is down 5.7% as we go

to press after losing as much as 10.7% of its late July peak ($9.45/bu or about $347/tonne) at one stage. Maize has shed almost 11% of its alltime record price ($8.34/bu = $329/t) while soyabeans – supposedly tightest off all now - are down by more than 10% from their own record peak (just under $17.95/bu = $659.50/t). So what is going on? There are several reasons why neither commercials nor speculators are prepared to get as carried away with the crop figures or the accompanying revival in talk of world food and feed shortages as they were during the last widespread global crop failure year of 2008/09. Firstly, demand for grain is falling in response to high prices in this time of global economic malaise. This is no small development - the first drop in global offtake since the mid-nineties. While there were a few tight/expensive seasons in the eighties and early nineties when global cereal demand was either steady or fell slightly, the overall history of grain consumption in the past 30 or 40 years has been one of almost relentless growth, fuelled by

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COMMODITIES

all the well-known factors - growing populations, rising developing country incomes, new outlets in bio-fuels etc etc). This 22m tonne drop in 2012/13 grain consumption (so far, it may end up more!) reflects a 13.7m tonne fall for wheat and 8.5m tonnes for coarse grains (the latter entirely due to less use of maize). Breaking that down further, almost half of the total cut in grains use will be for animal feeds (12.7m less wheat versus

GLOBAL MILLING

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slightly more coarse grain use). The rest of the cutback will come mainly off industrial outlets (notably, 12.7m less corn going into US bio-ethanol). Consumption of oilseed meals is doing only slightly better. Previously growing steadfastly at 10/12m tonnes a year, global demand for

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these is expected to go up by a mere 2.3mtonnes in 2012/13. De ma nd , t he n , is adjusting to this series of unusually severe crop shortfalls and high prices, albeit still not fast enough to cope with an estimated 75m tonne drop in cereal output and a shortfall of almost 20m tonnes in global oilseed production. The bottom line that will supposedly determine forward grain and feed costs is the impact on stocks. To meet even these levels of consumption, global carryover stocks of

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September - October 2012 | 33

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09/08/2012 08:48

grain will be reduced by almost 42m tonnes – about 11% - to a five year low, oilseed stocks by 20/22m tonnes or 27% (though oilseed inventories are at least declining from the previous year’s record high). That markets are not getting too excited about these bullish ‘fundamentals’ – especially the unusually tight stock/use ratios - is an issue giving much food for thought to commodity market analysts. On the one hand it is argued that funds are already heavily invested in maize and soyabeans and aware that market volatility and risk of losses increases at peak, especially record-high, levels – but that alone would

could suffer lost demand during a sustained economic slowdown, especially if the prices of raw materials are driven up by fund investment. Those fears are persistently diverting managed money back into dollars, driving commodity prices down and making even these ‘masters of the universe’ far more cautious than during the last commodity boom. Another factor restraining ‘outside’ investors and speculators in general is the relatively weaker distant futures price of the two tightest commodities – maize and soyabeans. Both markets are effectively displaying the futures trade’s faith that next year’s crops will revive and redress the balance.

not stop them betting on rising prices if these seemed a ‘dead cert. ’ The bulls’ reticence might be better explained by two or three other factors. One

Crop recovery in 2013 is not only about record high grain and oilseed prices ‘buying’ adequate additional acreage. It is even more about the weather returning to normal. This

the mid-eighties to the nineties). If yields returned to the 2011/12 high of 3.5 tonnes/ha, even stable acreage would increase world grain output by almost 100m tonnes. Even an average 3.4tph would add 45m tonnes. In theory, global cereal acreage could go much higher – it was regularly in the 540’s (mn acres) in the 1990’s and exceeded 570m in the mideighties. True, other crops, especially oilseeds, other land uses and conservation programmes have taken a big bite out of that potential cereal base since then. However, it does not seem beyond the bounds of possibility that acreage could climb toward, say, the past decade’s higher end (just under 537m acres). A combination of higher acreage and a return to more normal weather – which may be too much to ask) could clearly turn the past year’s bull market on its head. That said, low stocks of maize and soyabeans need replenishing and until that happens, markets will remain highly sensitive to weather risks. So much depends, in the next few months, on South America getting normal planting and growing weather for its maize and soyabean crops, Russia and Ukraine avoiding ‘winterkill’, the US Plains coming out of long term drought, Australia getting enough rain to prevent further crop losses from lack of rain but a drier harvest than during the last two years to improve milling quality. After two unusually hard winters, West Europe needs a milder one, a wetter spring/warmer summer, Southeast Europe more rain in this year’s droughtaffected regions, Northwest Europe more co-operative harvest weather, India a better Monsoon. Until some of these potential crop revivals are up and running, let alone ‘in the silo,’ the threat of more price volatility to the upside, and speculators exaggerating price rises, cannot be ruled out. Yet if all does go well with the weather we could well be seeing cheaper feed ingredient prices next summer, just as the raw material futures markets suggest.

Main commodity highlights since our last review is the still febrile mood on global financial markets in the wake of the 2008/09 banking meltdown underlined by the seemingly endless crises in the Euro-zone, China’s economy, supposedly the engine of Asian and global growth, slowing faster than for some years, the USA’s naggingly slow emergence from recession – in shor t a general mood of pessimism. The fear persists that commodities, once seen as the safe haven for hot money,

34 | September - October 2012

year’s planted area to cereals, for example, actually rose 0.3% to a relatively high 534.4m acres but that small increase was wiped out by a 5.7% drop in the global average yield amid this year’s climate disturbances (although it might also be noted that this year’s world average yield of 3.3 tonne/ha was hardly small by historical standards either. It was actually the third highest ever and 30-40% more than markets were used to in, say, the period from

Wheat trading up on Russian withdrawal, Australian crop threat Wheat markets went through two stages in the last two months. Initially prices headed ‘south’ under the leadership of the Chicago futures market, losing over 10% of their July peak at one point. Prices came under pressure from a similar decline in maize values – which had propped up wheat for the past year through the two cereals’ feed connection –

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COMMODITIES and from ideas that the US was out-pricing itself on world export markets. The US – and European markets – also came under selling pressure from Russia’s unexpectedly strong export sales performance in the early months of the new season. Despite that country’s crop eroding by another 4m to 5m tonens to just 38/39m tonnes (versus last year’s 56.2m) and exports tipped to drop from 21.6m to just 8m or 9m tonnes, Russia was making all the running in export tenders, discounting Europe, Canada, Australia and the USA by $30, $40 even $50 per tonne and more. Why, one might wonder, would Russia be so eager to get rid of its 2012/13 exportable surplus so quickly in a year when its own tightening stocks are driving up its internal prices and food price inflation? In the first place, the early sales probably pre-dated the lowest Russian crop estimates – so it probably thought it had more to sell. There was probably also an element of cashing in on the high wheat prices while they lasted (US and EU wheat futures have stopped pointing ‘north’ and are now starting to offer distant 2013 crop discounts). Also, Russia was probably eager to get its image back, to reassure its customers that it was still a major exporter – and a reliable one. Ukraine and Kazakhstan were also selling more freely than expected, given their own disappointing 2012 wheat crops, similarly undercutting the more traditional wheat exporters. There was also talk of Russia taking in a lot of Kazak wheat to offset its heavy export programme. Although the last two months have seen some very active import trade, especially from Egypt and other Mid-eastern countries (stocking up amid the renewed political turmoil in the region), the net appearance, until recently, was of a fairly competitive export market. That began to change in recent weeks as Russia finally started to look like running out of exportable supplies – at least within affordable reach of export ports. As its prices have risen with each new tender, its withdrawal from the market after Oct/Nov has been more or less taken for granted by the trade, leaving the field open for other suppliers to squeeze out a better deal from their customers. That enabled US wheat futures to cut their losses, helping to stabilise and slightly firm up the EU market, especially new crop months. Europe is seen as a prime contender to fill much of the Russian/CIS vacuum but there will be competition from others too – the US, Canada, South America. Russia’s smaller crop has taken USDA’s estimate of the 2012/13 world wheat crop down to around 659m tonnes. It assumes 26m tonnes of Australian wheat, a figure some think could slide to 20/22m after lack of rain in the country’s southeast. On the plus side, Canada’s crop has edged up to around 28m

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versus last year’s 25.6m while the Continental West European crops appear to have fared better than expected on quality after all the rainy harvest problems in July and August. Germany in particular is a big relief as the EU’s top producer of the higher quality hard wheats. The notable exception is the UK, where poor harvest weather has reduced quality significantly, pushed prices higher than they should be versus Continental European wheat and will likely continue to require more imports to make some of this grain useable (in both milling and feed sectors). EU wheat consumption in total is seen falling by about 2m tonnes to 124.5m, entirely in the feed sector. The drop will not be made up by other grains with the EU total for cereals into feeds expected to decline by almost 6m tonnes.. An expanded EU export programme of 17.5m tonnes (16.5m last year) will leave stocks unusually low at just 9.4m in July (13.5m last year, as much as 19m in 2009). In that exposed position and encouraged by prices as much as 30-40% higher than at this time last year, it is hard not to see farmers across Europe sowing more wheat for the 2013 harvest. The same will apply to many other producers. US winter wheat area could rise by about 3% this autumn, according to some of GFMT’s sources but planting has been slow amid dry weather in the Western Plains. Hopefully that will not prevent the hoped-for bigger crop. Although wheat is better stocked than maize and soyabeans, the inventory is tighter than usual and in relation to consumption needs which, as we warned in our last review, do seem to have been under-rated as it replaces US and European maize crop losses in the feed sector. That means markets over the next few months will be closely tracking northern hemisphere planting estimates, winter and spring weather. With the withdrawal of cheap ‘Black Sea’ or CIS wheat offers, EU and world wheat prices could remain well supported near or above current, still relatively expensive levels and, even if the next crop does start to shape up a large one, wheat will not be able to divorce itself too far from what happens in the maize market.

KEY FACTORS IN THE MONTHS AHEAD • Winter weather for the ‘Black Sea’ (CIS), European and North American crops • Estimates of sown areas for Northern Hemisphere winter wheat • Will the Arab countries continue their buying spree, stocking up in politically unstable times? . • Will wheat consumption in feeds rise further

to replace shortfalls in maize supplies? • Where will the Australian crop settle volume – and quality - wise?

Maize hopes pinned on 2013 crop revival too Maize pr ices have come dow n in recent weeks as the long slide in US crop estimates appears to be bottoming out, not far off our previous review’s idea of around 270m tonnes. Some US pundits had put it as low as 250m (a few even lower) in September but harvest yields have often been better than expected. There has also been talk of planted/harvest acreage being under-rated - which could mean the crop is actually closer to 275/280m but that may be wishful thinking on the par t of the bears. Several other factors have influenced recent cheaper prices. One is a dramatic slowdown in US expor t trade as impor ters have either cut coarse grain use, turned to other cheaper suppliers, like Brazil, Argentina and the Ukraine, or bought more feedwheat. Australia’s two weather damaged milling wheat crops, leaving a large stockpile of lower quality wheat, have been a key source for Pacific Rim compounders. So, to a lesser extent, has India’s record, relatively low quality wheat crop (and its inadequate storage capacity – an imperative to expor t rather than watch huge stocks spoil. Another factor holding back US maize prices has been a slowing down in the US corn ethanol sector as high corn costs cut deep into ref iners’ prof its. US feed demand for corn is also down this season, all helping to take some of the pressure off unusually low ending stocks. However, on the more bullish side, the USDA did chop about 5m tonnes off its estimate of 2011/12 end-season stocks (at September 1), suggesting feed use was not down quite as much as expected and giving corn prices a bit of a lift as we went to press. Outside the US, the main adjustment on the supply side has been a 4.4m tonne cut in this year’s EU maize crop estimate, now seen around 57m tonnes compared with last year’s 65.4m. Some of this will be replaced by a better barley crop but, as in the EU wheat market, this loss will be met by lower overall demand for cereals in feeds. Also wor th mentioning is the forecast from respec ted analys t Infor ma of a possible increase in next year’s US maize crop acreage from this year’s 96.4m to 97.5m ha. With a more normal trend yield of around 162 bu/acre that would produce a record crop of almost 372m tonnes

September - October 2012 | 35

which could send corn prices tumbling (by next autumn !) A f inal fac tor to note is the relatively high level of af latoxin being repor ted in t his year ’s U S cor n pr oduc tion , a f r e q u e n t i s s u e w i t h d r o u g h t / h e a ta f f e c t e d c r o p s . T h a t d o e s n’ t o n l y af fec t the feed sec tor through direc t maize use. It can also have implications for ethanol producer s who sell their by - p r o d u c t , d r i e d d i s t i l l e r s’ g r a i n s ( DDG ) into the feed sec tor for par t of their prof it and whose produc tion processes, some sources sugges t, may ac tually concentr ate the mould in the end-produc t. US DDG’s are a big sell into Asian mar kets including China so this is a possible issue to watch.

KEY FACTORS IN THE MONTHS AHEAD • Has the US 2012 maize crop been underrated and what are farmers likely to sow next year? This factor will probably continue to over-ride most others, influence grain costs right through to the 2013 coarse grain harvest in 3rd quarter 2013, maybe delaying price reversals • Competition from Latin America, former Soviet countr ies and India has cut demand for US maize, so has availability of Australian feedwheat • Will the US government respond to calls to trim the renewable fuel mandate/corn ethanol use – probably not yet if corn prices really are stabilizing, capable of falling fur ther without that help – watch those pipeline stocks for clues. • Will China need more or less maize impor ts nex t year and will non-US suppliers like South America and Ukraine benefit more from this demand? • Will global economic recession continue to cu r b t h e e x pa ns io n i n m e a t / consumption, help to cap feed grain

36 | September - October 2012

demand and anchor grain and oilseed costs? • Speculators’ perceptions of whether the bull market is over or has another leg to climb

Oilmeals – soya less tight than thought? Soya traders are rapidly re-calculating their supply/demand sums as we go to pr ess following a sur pr ising upward revision to last year’s US crop of just over 1m tonnes. A spate of encouraging early har vest yield repor ts meanwhile suggests the 2012 crop may have been even more severely under-rated. This could mean that total US soya supplies are anywhere between three million and six million tonnes higher than assumed – the equivalent of finding an extra 2.5m to 5m tonnes of soya meal. Along with rising estimates for the next Brazilian soyabean crop – and hopes that Argentina will also sow and produce a much larger harvest in 2013, this puts a much more bearish slant on the soya market – indeed the entire oilmeal complex – than consumers could have hoped a few weeks earlier. Soyabean prices have already plummeted by about 14% from their all-time record highs in the US, dragging US meal down with them. The effect has been slower to pass on to Europe, however, as Brazilian and Argentine old crop soyabean and meal supplies have begun to run out after last year’s shor tfall in the South American crops. Canada was expecting a bigger rapeseed crop of 15.4m tonnes versus last year’s 14. 5m. Lates t of f icial f igures sug ges t heatwaves, disease and gales have cut that back to just 13.4m. Although Europe’s crop now seems slightly bigger than last year’s, the global rapeseed supply is well under expectations. Global sunflowerseed crops have also been a disappointment

this year, down about 4.3m tonnes from last year’s ver y high level, fur ther reducing the ove r a ll su p pl y base for oilmeals. H ow e v e r, s u n and rapemeal, as the by-products of cr ush for oil, will still h ave to p r i ce competitively with higher value soya and if supplies of the market leader do improve, that should help keep meal costs overall under control. As well as a forecas t larger South American crop (from second quarter 2013) the US is expected to sow more soyabeans nex t spring (Informa sees the autumn2013-harvested crop possibly recovering to around 94m tonnes from this year’s 72/74m). However, that all depends on the weather cooperating.

KEY FACTORS IN THE MONTHS AHEAD • At what price will soyabean demand be rationed? It didn’t happening at almost $17/ bu and prices are now well below that level • Chinese consumption and timing of imports will continue a key influence on soya and other oilmeal costs • How will next year’s EU/CIS rapeseed and sunflowerseed crops fare? Some help from alternative oilseeds/meals may be needed to ease the burden on soya suppliers. • How much will Latin American producers expand soya planting this autumn? The markets want to see these mooted ‘record large’ 2013 crops up and running and it will be a long, nail-biting wait until harvests actually arrive on the markets in Q2 2013.

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THE CREDENTIALS To obtain the Grain Operations Management Credential, students must complete the following six peer-reviewed distance education courses. GEAPS 500 – Introduction to Grain Operations GEAPS 510 – Grain Facilities Planning and Design I GEAPS 520 – Quality Grain Management GEAPS 530 – Quality Management Systems for Bulk Materials Handling Operations • GEAPS 540 – Safety Management for Grain and Processing Facilities • GEAPS 550 – Materials Handling I • • • •

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September - October 2012 | 39

Events 8th - 10th October 12 3rd Annual Southeast Asia District Conference, Manila, Philippines Contact: Shannon Henson, 10100 W. 87th Street, Suite 306, Overland Park, KS 66212, USA Tel: +1 913 338 3377 Fax: +1 913 338 3553 Email: dme@iaom.info Web: www.iaom.info

10th - 12th October 12

Agrilivestock 2012, Diamon Island Exhibition Centre, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Contact: Richard Yew, 1903A, 19th Floor, Plaza Permata, 6 Jalan Kampar, 50400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: +603 40419889 Email: Richard@ambexpo.com Web: www.expocambodia.com

10th - 12th October 12

Vietstock 2012 - Vietnam's No.1 Feed & Livestock Industry Event, Saigon Exhibition & Convention Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Contact: Ms Michelle Ha, Mr Michael Blancas, Suite 1710, 17th Floor Plaza Permata, 6 Jalan Kampar, Off Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: +603 40454993 Fax: +603 40454989 Email: vietstock-my@ubm.com Web: www.vietstock.org

11th - 12th October 12

2nd Commercial Farm Asia, Parkroyal Yangon, Myanmar Contact: Ms Grace Oh, 80 Parway Parade, Singapore Tel: +65 63469147 Fax: +65 6345 5928 Email: grace@cmtsp.com.sg Web: /www.cmtevents.com

16th - 17th October 12

III Ukrainian Grain Congress Development of the grain market through forming of the effective agrarian policy!, Fairmont Grand Hotel Kyiv, Naberezhno-Khreshchatytska Street 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 04070 Contact: Oksana Starina, Chicherina str. 21, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine Tel: +380562320795 Fax: +380562320795 Email: ports@apk-inform.com Web: www.apk-inform.com/en/conferences/ ugc2012/about

16th - 19th October 12

VII International Grain Trading Conference, Global and Middle East grain outlook 2012, Savoy Hotel Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt Contact: Anna Gerasimova, The Russian Grain Union, Orlikov lane, 1/11, Moscow, 107139, Russia Tel: +7 495 607 82 85 ext. 124 Fax: +7 495 607 83 79 Email: gaa@grun.ru Web: www.grun.ru/en

40 | September - October 2012

17th - 19th October 12

FIGAP/VIV Mexico 2012, Expo Guadalajara - Halls Jalisco A & B., Av. Mariano Otero No. 1499 Col. Verde Valle, Guadalajara -Jalisco, México Contact: Patricia Jazo, Palermo 3001 Col. Prados Providencia., Guadalajara, Jalisco. CP.44670, Mexico Tel: +52 33 3641 8119 Fax: +52 (33) 3641 1604 Email: pjazo@figap.com Web: www.figap.com

17th - 18th October 12

63rd JTIC International meeting, 12 boulevard du Général Leclerc, 51100 Reims, France Contact: Nelly Duprat, AEMIC, 268 rue du Faubourg St Antoine, 75012 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 47 07 20 69 Fax: +33 1 44 24 56 25 Email: aemic@wanadoo.fr Web: www.jtic.eu/

30th October 12 - 2nd November 12

AgroExpoSiberia, Novosibirsk Expo Centre, Siberia, Russia Contact: Nadja Mazko, Landfriedstraße 1a, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany Tel: +49 6221 13 57 15 Fax: +49 6221-1357-23 Email: n.mazko@hotmail.com Web: www.ifw-expo.com

31st October 12 - 2nd November 12

Animal Farming Ukraine 2012, International Exhibition Center (IEC), Kiev, Ukraine Contact: Kuno Jacobs, Europaweg 187, 7336 AL Apeldoorn, The Netherlands Tel: +31 55 534 1140 Fax: +31 55 534 0168 Email: info@bto-exhibitions.nl Web: www.bto-exhibitions.nl

1st - 2nd November 12

Aviana Uganda 2012, Uma Show Grounds, Kampala, Uganda Contact: Dr Inderjit Singh, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 734 137 470 Email: info@aviana.co.ke Web: www.avianaafrica.com

1st - 2nd November 12

Myanmar Private Sector Investment Summit, Chatrium Hotel Royal Lake Yangon, Myanmar Contact: Shannen, 1 Kaki Bukit Road 1 #02-44, Enterprise One S(415934), Singapore Tel: +65 62433 778 Email: selina@advantiquegroup.com

* See our magazine at this show • More information available

6th - 8th November 12

•*

26th - 29th November 12

Overview of Particulate Handling Technology, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Contact: Caroline Chapman, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Tel: +44 20 8331 8646 Fax: +44 20 8331 8647 Email: Wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.uk Web: www.bulksolids.com

6th - 8th November 12

4th - 6th December 12

•*

2012 AFIA Equipment Manufacturing Conference, Loews Coronado Bay, San Diego, CA, USA Contact: Veronica Rovelli, 2101 Wilson Blvd, Ste. 916, Arlington, VA 22201, USA Tel: +1 703 558 3563 Fax: +1 703 524 0810 Email: vrovelli@afia.org Web: www.afia.org

13th - 16th November 12 EuroTier 2012 including BioEnergy, Hannover / Germany Contact: DLG Service GmbH, DLG, Eschborner Landstrasse 122, 60489 Frankfurt/Main, Germany Tel: +49 692 4788 265 Fax: +49 692 4788 113 Email: expo@DLG.org Web: www.DLG.org

5th - 8th December 12

23rd Annual IAOM Mideast & Africa District Conference & Expo, Abu Dhabi National Exhibitions Centre (ADNEC), Abu Dhabi, UAE Contact: Ms. Eva Mulyana, P.O Box 566, P.C – 112, Ruwi, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Tel: +968 2471 2338 Fax: +968 2471 1340 Email: mailto:info@iaom-mea.com Web: www.iaom-mea.com

•*

7th - 9th December 12

7th International Rice Pro Tech Expo 2012, Government Science College, GE Road, Raipur-Chhattisgarh-INDIA Contact: Bhupesh Gupta, # D-56, 1st floor, Rose Garden Market, Patiala-Punjab, India Tel: +91 92162 99124 Fax: +91 175 5003994 Email: businessempire07@gmail.com Web: www.indiariceexpo.com

15th - 16th November 12

Pneumatic Conveying of Bulk Solids, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Contact: Caroline Chapman, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Tel: +44 20 8331 8646 Fax: +44 20 8331 8647 Email: Wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.uk Web: www.bulksolids.com

GLOBALG.A.P. SUMMIT 2012, Madrid, Spain Contact: Nina Kretschmer, GLOBALG.A.P. c/o FoodPLUS GmbH, Spichernstr. 55, 50672 Koeln, Germany Tel: +49 2 215 7993693 Fax: +49 2 215 799389 Email: kretschmer@globalgap.org Web: www.summit2012.org

7th - 10th November 12

2nd Annual Global Grains Congress, Grand Copthorne Waterfront Hotel, 392 Havelock Road, Singapore 169663 Contact: Ms Eileen David, 1 Grange Road, #08-02 Orchard Building, Singapore 239693 Tel: +65 65082458 Fax: +65 65082408 Email: Eileen.david@ibcasia.com.sg Web: www.globalgrainscongress.com

36th Annual Latin America District Meeting, Paseo Montejo No. 451, esquina Av., Colón Col. Centro, 97000 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico Contact: Shannon Henson, 10100 W. 87th Street, Suite 306, Overland Park, KS 66212 USA Tel: +1 913 3 383377 Fax: +1 913 338 3553 Email: dme@iaom.info Web: www.iaom.info

8th - 10th December 12

* Grain Tech Expo 2012, Salyutna street 2b,

IAI Expo and ISRMAX Expo, IARI Ground, PUSA, New Delhi, India Contact: Prachi Arora, # 923, Sector 9, U.E. Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India Tel: +91-9991705621 Fax: +91-184-2231050 Email: marketing@pixie.co.in Web: www.isrmaxriceandgrainexpo.co.in

China International Rice Expo 2012, China Wuhu International, Wuhu, China Contact: Sophie, 35 No. Xinrongquan hall, Haidian district Beijing, China Tel: +86-10-51523116 Fax: +86-10-51524897 Email: chinariceexpo@163.com Web: www.chinariceexpo.com

13th - 15th December 12

21st - 23rd November 12

Kyiv, Ukraine Contact: Vladimir Malishev, Vorovskogo street 4, office 410, Kyiv, Ukraine Tel: +380444906469 Fax: +380444906469 Email: walter@kmkya.kiev.ua Web: www.grainexpo.com.ua

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Events 29th - 31st January 13

23rd - 26th February 13

5th - 7th March 13

International Production & Processing Expo, Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, GA USA Contact: Pennie Stathes, 1530 Cooledge Road, Tucker, GA 30084, USA Tel: +1 678.514.1977 Fax: +1 678.493.9257 Email: pstathes@uspoultry.org Web: www.ipe13.org

8th - 9th February 13

1st Global Milling Conference, Vivanta by Taj - Connemara, Binny Road, Chennai - 600 002, India Contact: Mr Raj Kapoor, Assocom-India Pvt. Ltd, Flat No. 601, DDA Building, District Center Plot No.4, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi, 110 092 India Tel: +91 11 47675216 Email: rajkapoor@assocom-india.com Web: www.assocom-india.com

13th - 15th March 13

GEAPS EXCHANGE International Technical Conference & Expo, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, Kentucky Convention Center Contact: Moses Dennis, 4248 Park Glen Rd, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55416, USA Tel: +1 952 928-4640 Fax: +1 952 929-1318 Email: info@geaps.com Web: www.geaps.com

Storage and Discharge of Powders and Bulk Solids, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Contact: Caroline Chapman, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK Tel: +44 20 8331 8646 Email: Wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.uk Web: www.bulksolids.com

GLOBALG.A.P. SUMMIT 2012

Nigel Garbutt, Chairman GLOBALG.A.P.

VIV Asia 2013, BITEC, Bangkok International Trade & Exhibition Centre, 88 Bangna-trad Road, Bangna, Prakanong, Bangkok 10260, Thailand Contact: Anneke van Rooijen, P.O. Box 8800, 3503 RV Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel: +31 30 295 2772 Fax: +31 30 295 2809 Email: viv.asia@vnuexhibitions.com Web: www.viv.net

14th - 17th March 13

Why should I attend the GLOBALG.A.P. 2012 SUMMIT?

The SUMMIT 2012 comes at a time of major importance for the agrifood industry; with threats and opportunities in equal measure. Increased competition, climate change and growing pressure on land, water and other scarce resources are making it harder to deliver safe and responsibility managed products within a profitable business model. Equally, demographic, socio-political and economic changes - on a truly global scale – present the possibility of access to new markets and the need to more precisely meet the needs of consumers who are increasingly aware of safety, health and sustainability issues.

As the pre-eminent global agricultural certification standard, GLOBALG.A.P. builds uniquely beneficial partnerships between retailers, brand owners and producers. We are committed to helping deliver a truly safe and sustainable future for the agrifood industry. We would like to share with you how this can directly help you grow your business.

What’s new at GLOBALG.A.P. ? GLOBALG.A.P. lays the foundation for sustainable practices with the implementation of tried and tested Good Agricultural Practices. And with the latest in

Sinar Agri & Food Exhibition - Makassar, Celebes Convention Center, Jl Tanjung Bunga - Makassar Contact: Andree Prastyo, Ruko Mutiara Taman Palem Blok A6 no 32, Cengkareng Jakarta Barat, Indonesia Tel: +6221 54350432, 44474226 Fax: +6221 54350432 Email: andree@sinarexhibitions.com Web: www.Sinarexhibitions.com

26th - 28th March 13

AGRA Middle East, Dubai International Exhibition Centre, Dubai, UAE Contact: Rizwan Mustafa, PO Box 28943, Dubai – United Arab Emirates Tel: +971 4 407 2424 Fax: +971 4 407 2485 Email: agramiddleeast@informa.com Web: www.agramiddleeast.com

November 6-8, 2012

What are the main themes for the SUMMIT 2012?

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2013 Purchasing & Ingredient Supplier’s Conference (PISC), Omni Fort Worth, Texas, USA Contact: Veronica Rovelli, 2101 Wilson Blvd, Ste. 916, Arlington, VA 22201, USA Tel: +1 703-558-3563 Fax: +1 703-524-0810 Email: vrovelli@afia.org Web: www.afia.org

food safety for agriculture and aquaculture this will be a unique opportunity to update on the latest trends that will impact on your business. Delegates can also hear how GLOBALG.A.P’s new entry level program localg.a.p. will help meet the needs of producers, retailers and consumers in expanding global markets. Emerging producers, many who are small sized, are facing increasing challenges to meet food safety targets from regulators and buyers alike in their national (home) markets. Localg.a.p will be fully supported by a growing network of farm assurers, approved consultants who can guide farmers and growers through the early stages of implementing GAPs on farm. www.summit2012.org

September - October 2012 | 41

FEATURE

Overview of Particulate Handling Technology November 6-8, 2012 Can you give us an overview of the course? This is a two-day theory course, followed by a one-day optional practical session in our laboratories. It will place on November 6-8, 2012 at the University of Greenwich campus in Medway, Kent, UK. Subjects covered include - Vessel design, including dimensions, feeders and discharge aids - Characterisation of materials - Pneumatic and mechanical handling - Feeder interfacing - Instrumentation and control of solids handling systems - Dust control including ATEX Compliance - Bulk property measurement - Big bag emptying

Who is it aimed at? Anyone involved in the handling of powders and particulate materials will benefit: engineers, managers, skilled operatives, maintenance crew and equipment manufactures. Are there any entry requirements? There are no specific entry requirements are needed to attend; it is a relatively basic course that can be undertaken by anyone involved in the particulate handling industry. It is of particular interest to newcomers to the field of bulk solids handling, as well as being used as a refresher to the more senior members.

What can participant expect to learn? The course is designed to help delegates identify and learn how to overcome their

by Prof Mike Bradley, Director, The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, University of Greenwich, UK own handling problems, with examples taken from industry and case studies to highlight certain areas. The presenters have all been involved extensively in the bulk solids handling industry for many years and have invaluable experience in all aspects of solids handling.

How is the course taught? The first two days take place in the short course centre, where presentations dealing with the diverse range of topics are given, during which the group is encouraged to interact by discussing their own operational experiences. The third (optional) day takes place in the on-site laboratories where delegates get the opportunity to use equipment discussed during the previous two days. Delegates are offered the opportunity to supply their own products for testing, or to use those already at the Centre.

How many participants are there on each course? Numbers are generally limited to 15 per session to allow ample opportunity to discuss their own operational problems. It is often due to specific plant problems that delegates attend in the first place.

Why are courses such as Particulate Handling important? This course, and others held at the Centre, are important as they allow the delegates the chance to discuss their own issues and to talk to the experts on how to overcome certain problems. They also act as an introduction to particulate handling

to newcomers to the industry. Through our consultancy work we come across the same problems time and time again and these courses aim to educate specialists within the bulk solids handing industry to try and avoid unnecessary problems occurring.

Anything else you’d like to tell GFMT readers about? This course is part of a suite available at the Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solid Handling Technology. Other courses delivered at the Medway campus include: • Storage and Discharge of Powders and Bulk Solids • Pneumatic Conveying of Bulk Solids • Segregation, Degradation and Caking • Powder and Dust Containment • Dust Explosions – How to manage DSEAR/ATEX Compliance • Evaluation of Electrostatics in powder handling • Practical Powder Characterisation for Industry All courses are also available as in-company courses, to be delivered at your place of work.

Can you tell us a bit about the Wolfson Centre? The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology is part of the School of Engineering at the University of Greenwich at Medway, Kent. The Centre began its existence researching problems associated with pneumatic conveying of powders and granular solid material in pipelines and through industry based research and consultancy activities the Centre has developed to its current breadth of services to include hopper and silo design, product quality including segregation, degradation and caking, powder characterisation, dust control, plant wear, packaging and instrumentation and control of bulk solids handling systems. The laboratories in Chatham, Kent, house a comprehensive suite of industrial scale test rigs to simulate the handling and flow of powder and bulk solids materials in all aspects of industrial practice. In addition, it has a well-equipped characterisation laboratory to measure all aspects of particulate flow and behaviour relevant to these industrial processes. These facilities are continuously being updated to meet research and test requirements of industrial clients. More Information: Tel: +44 20 8331 8646 Email: wolfson-enquiries@gre.ac.uk Website: www.bulksolids.com

42 | September - October 2012

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