APR 2017 - Milling and Grain magazine

April 2017

YOUR GLOBAL PARTNER

In this issue:

Grain load assessments for silos • Assessing fortification with Vitamin D • Feed: The potential of NIR to measure reactive lysine • Influencing TMR consumption and feeding behaviour in dairy cows • VIV Asia 2017

Event review

millingandgrain.com

Volume 128

Issue 4

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VOLUME 128 ISSUE 4

April 2017

Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk International Marketing Team Darren Parris Tel: +44 1242 267707 darrenp@perendale.co.uk Tom Blacker Tel: +44 1242 267700 tomb@perendale.co.uk Mark Cornwell Tel: +1 913 6422992 markc@perendale.com Latin America Marketing Team Iván Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.co.uk Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu Tel: +234 805 7781077 nathann@perendale.co.uk

52 - Wheat, the ancient and future crop Wheat plays a crucial part in the everyday life of billions of people around the globe.

Editorial Team Rhiannon White rhiannonw@perendale.co.uk Zasha Whiteway-Wilkinson zashaw@perendale.co.uk Matt Muller mattm@perendale.co.uk Peter Parker peterp@perendale.co.uk International Editors Professor Dr M Hikmet Boyacıog ˘ lu hikmetb@perendale.co.uk Dr Roberto Luis Bernardi robertob@perendale.co.uk Professor Wenbin Wu wenbinw@perendale.com Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk Circulation & Events Tuti Tan tutit@perendale.co.uk Development Manager Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk ©Copyright 2016 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. More information can be found at www.perendale.com Perendale Publishers Ltd also publish ‘The International Milling Directory’ and ‘The Global Miller’ news service

Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine was rebranded to Milling and Grain in 2015

ISSUE HIGHLIGHTS

2

NEWS FEATURES

50 Assessing fortification with Vitamin D

52 Wheat - The ancient and future crop 54 Cut indigestible protein and do piglet health a favor

FACES

6-43

56 Influencing TMR consumption and feeding behaviour in dairy cows

58 Joining forces for a sustainable european aquaculture sector of the future 62 Mills fight

120 People news from the global milling industry

PRODUCT FOCUS

46

CASE STUDY

88

against pathogen microorganisms

64 Marine grain terminals

68 In line NIR monitoring of grain in the flourmill

74 NIR to measure reactive lysine

EVENTS

96 Event listings, reviews and previews

COLUMNS

14 Mildred Cookson 20 Raghavan Sampathkumar 22 Clifford Spencer 29 Tom Blacker 30 Christophe Pelletier 36 Chris Jackson

4 GUEST EDITOR Hikmet Boyacioğlu

90 MARKETS John Buckley

STORAGE

78 In-depth: Grain load assessments for silos

82 How to ensure accurate grain level measurement

TRAINING

45 Certified Milling Training’ to run simultaneously with the IDMA Fair

118 INTERVIEW Markus Dedl

COVER IMAGE: In 2015, Sheffield, Iowa based company Sukup Manufacturing Co. consolidated its operations with the acquisition of Danish company Dan-Corn A/S, and now can enjoy an increased and profitable global market share. Milling & Grain recently visited their new Danish operation to discover why this is a landmark event for both companies and the wider industry.

ISSUE HIGHLIGHTS FORTIFICATION

INDUSTRY PROFILE

Assessing fortification with Vitamin D

Vitamin D is one of the essential micro-nutritional elements for heath and well being in our diet, and yet, its presence is very low in the foods we eat daily.

PAGE 50 GUEST EDITOR A responsibility to feed billions of people throughout the world

Sukup Europe

WHEAT The ancient and future crop

Wheat plays a crucial part in the everyday life of billions of people around the globe. The cereal is farmed extensively, with yearly production surpassing the high yields of rice.

PAGE 52

In 2015, Sheffield, Iowa based company Sukup Manufacturing Co. consolidated its operations with the acquisition of Danish company Dan-Corn A/S, and now can enjoy an increased and profitable global market share.

PAGE 86

FOOD

Grain load assessments for silos

PIGLETS

Investment made in contamination-free Z-CONVEYOR

Cut indigestible protein and do piglet health a favor

One of the most important parameters when evaluating feed ingredients is the digestibility of the nutrients they contain.

Koudijs Animal Nutrition has invested in the new contamination-free Z-Conveyor produced by Poeth.

PAGE 74

IN DEPTH

FEED

CASE STUDY

Lysine is an essential amino acid for poultry and swine, meaning it cannot be produced via transamination and must be supplied to the animal through dietary intake.

PAGE 82

STORAGE

PROCESS

The potential of NIR to measure reactive lysine

Accuracy, repeatability and reliability are essential concepts in the field of level control.

PAGE 78

PAGE 4

NIR

How to ensure accurate grain level measurement

Grain storage at an industrial level is usually synonymous with steel circular silos made of corrugated wall sheets with vertical stiffeners all around the silo.

Milling, one of the oldest industries, is still filled with the spirit of constant progress and the need for further development in the techniques of mass production with high quality.

PAGE 88

EQUIPMENT

NIR In line nir monitoring of grain in the flourmill

AQUACULTURE Joining forces for a sustainable european aquaculture sector of the future

Flour milling requires control of the protein and moisture content of wheat.

Traditionally, samples of wheat are collected from each truckload and decisions are made to segregate the wheat into low, medium and high protein silos.

AQUAEXCEL2020 is a â‚Ź9.7 million European Unionfunded Horizon 2020 research infrastructure project aimed at supporting the sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector in Europe.

PAGE 68

PAGE 58

2 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

PAGE 54 DAIRY COWS Influencing TMR consumption and feeding behaviour in dairy cows

Over recent years Nutriad’s Palatability Business Unit has completed a number of studies, in which the impact of flavours on dairy cow feeding behaviour in relation to TMR diets has been investigated and assessed.

PAGE 56

The things we produce today were utopias yesterday.

Our task is to give shape to new ideas and innovate what once was magic.

www.ocrim.com

Guest

Editor

A responsibility to feed billions of people throughout the world At this time I am writing to you from Kansas, the “Heartland” of the USA. According to the Historical Marker Database, the first wheat crop in Kansas was grown in 1839. In 1874 Russian immigrants introduced ‘Turkey Red’ wheat to Kansas, this introduction revolutionised the wheat industry in the state. Turkey Red wheat is now the ancestor to all Hard Red Winter Wheat varieties grown across the plains today. One of the nation’s leading agricultural states, Kansas has long been known as ‘The Wheat State’ since it is the number 1 state producing 1/5 of the nation’s wheat.

During the last week of February, my colleagues and I from Milling and Grain all participated in the GEAPS Exchange 2017, ‘Grain Elevator and Processing Society Annual Conference’ held in Kansas City, KS, USA. According to its organisers, Exchange 2017 set a record for highest attendance at 3,589 and most exhibitors at 438 and the event featured 270,000 square feet of space in the Expo Hall, and more than 40 hours of education.

As a university professor, I was happy to see many university students in GEAPS 2017 visiting the exhibitors and attending educational sessions. Faculty members of Iowa State University and Oklahoma State University were also available in their booths. GEAPS Exchange 2018 will be March 24-27, 2018, at the Colorado Convention Center in Denver, Colorado, US. When I saw students and university booths, universityindustry cooperation came to my mind. Although it has been a kind of buzzword and common problem in underdeveloped and developing countries, in my opinion, we have further to go with this concept even in developed countries since there is no ceiling in that. We should extend our cooperation with universities to access the latest research results and innovative new methodologies, enhance R&D capacity and consequently enrich intellectual property, have third party opinions, train employees, and to support the consequent economic and technological growth.

Milling, one of the oldest industries, is still filled with the spirit of constant progress and the need for further development in the techniques of mass production with high quality. In the future wheat and other milling grains for sure will be available, and also may be in better quality through R&D in breeding, innovations and biotechnology. Equipment would be much more modern and sophisticated. However, trained and skilled millers? If we do not invest today, tomorrow may be too late!

To my knowledge, there are unlimited training opportunities for the milling industry with the following organisations; International Association of Operative Millers, IAOM (Resident Milling Courses and Correspondence Courses); National Association of British and Irish Flour Millers, nabim; The Swiss School of

Milling, SMS; German Milling School, Braunschweig; Campden BRI; U.S. Wheat Associates Wheat Marketing Center (WMC); Canadian International Grains Institute, Cigi; International Grains Program, IGP Institute-KSU; Northern Crops Institute, NCINDSU. Please encourage and support your employees in attending milling courses organized by these institutes to ensure the future of the milling industry and food security. Please also keep in mind and feel that as flour millers, you have a responsibility to feed billions of people throughout the world.

As we can all agree, the future of us as stakeholders of the industry including farmers, traders, millers, bakers, scientists, and equipment manufacturers depends on research and training. One of the biggest opportunities to discuss our research and training needs is conferences and trade shows. Accordingly, in the near future there are many events where we can get together and discuss our mutual benefit to each other.

Millers, traders, equipment manufacturers and allied industries from Europe, USA, Black Sea, Middle East and Africa will meet at the ‘13th International Congress and Exhibition’ organised by the Turkish Flour Industrialists’ Federation, TUSAF in Antalya, Turkey during 30 March – 02 April 2017.

Hundreds of milling professionals from North America and around the world will convene in New Orleans, LA, USA on April 10-14, 2017 for the 121st IAOM, the International Association of Operative Millers, Annual Conference and Expo. This is the premier educational event for grain milling and seed processing professionals. The annual event gathers milling and trade professionals from around the world for three days of education, networking and fellowship. Educational and technical programs presented at the conference assist millers in improving yields, productivity, customer satisfaction and safety.

The programs are presented by seasoned professionals in the field who have experienced the issues affecting millers first-hand.

In addition, the annual conference also includes the world’s largest Expo for milling professionals, typically featuring over 100 companies displaying milling and processing equipment and related services.

The 3rd IAOM Middle East Regional Forum, organized by IAOM Mideast & Africa District, will take place in Tehran, Iran on April 19-20, 2017.

The Global Miller’s Symposium, designed for Professionals of the Milling Industry, Scientists, Members of the ICC and Cereal Executives, will be held in Hamburg, Germany in April 20-21, 2017.

I look forward to seeing you at some of these events and I hope you all have prosperous business.

With warmest regards, Professor Doctor M Hikmet Boyacioğlu International Editor

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News

APR 17

Milling

Henry Simon Roller Mill

S

Henry Simon brand reborn atake Corporation and Alapala announced today the rebirth of the Henry Simon range of flour milling equipment.

From its inception in 1878, Henry Simon of Manchester, England has always been known as an innovator and a driving force that helped create the milling industry that we know today.

The new range of equipment captures the original pioneering spirit combined with the groundbreaking design and aesthetics resulting from the combined research and development from Japanese and European design hubs.

The equipment will be built in the newly completed Alapala manufacturing complex that features the very latest robotic cutting, welding and assembly technology.

To celebrate the launch, the equipment will be released to the industry at the 121st Annual Conference and Expo of the International Association of Operative Millers (IAOM) at the Conference & Expo New Orleans Marriott and the New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center April 10-14.

On display for the first time will be the Roller mill and Purifier.

Both machines are the result of painstaking design partnership between Satake, Alapala and a world-renowned industrial design and styling studio. The results are a stunning combination of technology, functionality and ergonomics.

This latest Henry Simon Purifier collaboration follows the announcement in July 2015 when the strategic partnership was unveiled to provide the milling industry with a truly global technology partner.

The partnership incorporates the sharing technology, sales capabilities and human resources for milling clients around the world.

6 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Another month has passed and we have a new edition of Milling and Grain available. The focus for this month is on feed and nutrition. These two subjects represent a large core of the food industry for everyone on the planet.

Advancements in technology mean better food production quality and happier healthier lives.

A highlight of the edition is an article on Vitamin D and how the potential mandatory fortification of food is now a necessary element. Vitamin D is one of the essential micronutritional elements for heath and well being in our diet, and yet, its presence is very low in the foods we eat daily. A lack of this nutrition causes a great deal of health issues and the industry is looking to combat and minimize the trend.

Following on from that is an article on Wheat. Historically wheat has been found in the earliest human cultures, and now plays a crucial part in the everyday life of billions of people around the globe. The article discusses some of the issues faced agriculturally and how developments and research can change the way we think about this universal product.

Feed and nutrition can of course be controlled at the production level. Flour milling requires control of the protein and moisture content of wheat. We take a look at the latest NIR monitoring to show how enhancements in technology are leading to a better quality of product. NIR has in addition been shown to work in detecting Lysine, which is an essential amino acid for Poultry and Swine. This leads onto a much-improved formulation of diet, which in turn benefit us as consumers.

Rounding off this issue is a feature on how millers are fighting back against pathogen microorganisms. Raw cereals carry biological, physical and chemical agents that need to be removed to prevent transmigration to humans and animals.

Global Millers Symposium Before we finish, just a final word on the Global Millers Symposium that is being held 20th to 21st April 2017 at Hamburg, Germany.

The event is being held for Professionals of the Milling Industry, Scientists, Members of the ICC and Cereal Executives. Representatives from all continents will share their knowledge about trends of the global wheat market, flour treatment and fortification and new baking applications.

Highlights include speakers such as Luciano Mondardini from Pavan and Marco Galli from Ocrim.

Registration is still open at the time of writing and costs â‚Ź 916.30 (incl. VAT 19%) before 31st March or â‚Ź1017.45 (incl VAT 19%) after 31st March 2017 www.global-millers-symposium.com

GF

MT

gfmt.blogspot.com

Milling News

New corporate image unveiled

S

ilos Córdoba Group has displayed its new corporate image that will be deployed across all of the organisations’ activities in the coming months. It will go all the way from the new website to branding on the silos and the industrial facilities.

The company, who are a world reference in grain storage and conditioning solutions, have displayed the new image that started to take shape last year. It carry’s a strategic and visual revitalisation of its corporate brand, adapting to the company’s increasing size and strength. The artwork aims to convey the new reality of the company, which has experienced a steady international expansion over the

Above: The new Silos Cordoba logo

Symaga Silos continues to grow in Ukraine

2

017 has so far been a year of good news, shown by confirmation that Symaga Silos are one of the most important suppliers of industrial silos in the Ukrainian market.

On February 1, 2017, Nibulon signed agreements with suppliers that will ensure the continuation of the execution of its storage expansion projects in Ukraine.

Symaga will supply storage for 240,000 tonnes of grain at four different sites.

In addition to this, LLC Novotech has begun construction of a new grain terminal in the commercial port of Odessa.

The terminal will move volumes of three million tonnes per year, with a storage capacity of more than 100 tonnes.

The company has extended a notice of gratitude to Nibulon and Novotech for their trust in the on-going projects.

8 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

past 20 years. Through an intense international activity, the company now exports its products to more than 45 countries in four continents; with offices in Argentina, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Mozambique, Romania, Uruguay, India and Nigeria; and a network of distributors in 37 countries.

This gradual change of image also included the development and fostering of greater cooperation between companies and the creation of an “ideas transfer group”, through the collaboration of the different companies of the group. Moreover, global operations capabilities have been merged into a single entity and there has been a move to centralised Human Resources, Finance and Marketing services.

The redesign of the logos, by Juan Clemente Design has updated the old image, captured the new phase of the group, its communication strategy, and positioning as a first class international entity in a solid, recognised and coherent way.

The new branding respects the current image of an established, prestigious company, with years in the industry. The redesign process was focused on establishing both a chromatic and typographic driver element, and from there, a new line has developed that while retaining previous features, still responds to the needs of modern time and new technologies.

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Milling News

New feed-premix plant in China

A

DM will expand their animal nutrition capabilities when they open their new feed premix plants.

The plants based in Xiangtan and Nanjing, China, will be the fifth in the country and are a response to the increase of demand in aqua feed.

The construction in the Hunan Province will come alongside

Destoner

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the addition of aquaculture feed production lines at the existing Nanjing complex in Jiangsu Province eastern China. The aquaculture capabilities seem to offer copious opportunities to tap into this important and expanding market.

The new additions to the network of animal nutrition facilities in China will join the premix facilities in Dalian and Tianjin in the northern part of the country, as well as the Nanjing facility in eastern China and the company’s new plant in Zhangzhou, in southern China, which is expected to be complete by summer 2017.

Brent Fenton, President of ADM Animal Nutrition, explains, “One of the main pillars of our strategy to increase shareholder value is enhancing our footprint in areas of growing demand.”

He continues, “Population growth and higher disposable incomes are continuing to support increased animal

Sheller

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protein, and thus animal feed, demand in China. Our new Xiangtan feedpremix facility, our fifth animal feed plant in the country, will position us to continue meeting this increased demand in the central part of the county, and the addition of four aquaculture feed lines at our Nanjing plant will offer us entry into the growing Chinese high value speciality aqua feed market.”

The Xiangtan plant will have the capacity to produce 120,000 metric tons annually of premix, concentrate, animal-complete and fish complete feeds. In order to complete this level of produce the facility will employ approximately 120 people. It will be strategically located to supply products to customers in three provinces in central China: Hunan, Hubei and Guangxi.

The aquaculture lines in Nanjing will be capable of producing 50,000 metric tons of extruded and pelleted feeds during the six-month aquaculture season that runs from April to September. ADM have reported that completion of both projects aims to be in early 2019.

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Milling News

Belfast miller awarded gold medal

T

he National Association of British and Irish Millers have awarded Nigel McLoughlin, a Belfast flour miller of James Neill flourmills, a prestigious gold medal. This is the first medal of its kind to be awarded for a decade. Nigel earned the medal by coming top in specialist examinations taken by 600 students across 30 countries in five continents and successfully completing a project looking at technical improvements in the flourmill.

James Neill has been milling flour in Belfast for 150 years. The company is well known for its retail flours but is also a big supplier to bakeries throughout Ireland. They are often investing in equipment and staff training to ensure that its modern computer controlled mill maintains an efficient process and therefore high quality flour.

Flour is a key ingredient in the UK diet, accounting for 20 percent of energy and more than 30 percent of the average person’s intake of calcium, as much fibre as we get from fruit and vegetables, and is a key source of other minerals such as Iron and B vitamins. It even supplies 10 percent of average protein consumption.

Duncan Monroe, NABIM president, congratulated Nigel on his achievement when awarding the medal in Belfast on March 14, 2017. He remarked, “This is the first gold medal awarded for 10 years. The success of Nigel and his predecessors who have won the medal since it was first

awarded almost a century ago helps to sustain the most technically advanced flour milling industry in the world, that to this day blends craft and technology to produce superb flour used in an enormous range of delicious foodstuffs.”

NABIM represents around 50 flourmills in the UK and Ireland, producing four million tonnes of flour per year from wheat and other cereals grown mainly in the UK. They have been running training courses for millers for more than a century, their students coming from all over the world.

Summer Technical Conference

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Including a tour of the Fawema factory, flour and feed milling plants

London and South East Milling Society

bit.ly/LSEMStech17 LSEMS17.indd 1 12 | April

2017 - Milling and Grain

Accommodation and tour costs: £250 per person (not including flights) Deadline - April 30 2017 Limited spaces available (including a few places available for non-members) - for your space contact Graham Bruce, Secretary: g.m.bruce@btinternet.com 24/03/2017 11:53

Milling News

ANIMAL PROTEINS • Hemoglobin • Plasma

• FEED ADDITIVES • INGREDIENTS • RAW MATERIALS

www.internationalproteinllc.com Tel: +1-201-224-3700 Email: info@internationalproteinllc.com Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 13

Roller Flour Mill Buildings in the Port of London

Milling journals of the past at The Mills Archive

by Mildred Cookson, The Mills Archive, UK Many very beautiful buildings seem to have been neglected in recent years. Even in the United Kingdom, where many are protected by the listing system for buildings of architectural or historic interest, the future of older roller flourmills is problematic. In many cases the buildings themselves, devoid now of machinery of any kind, are often regarded as an eyesore on the landscape – if a use for the cannot be found in the short term, then demolition becomes the only option.

We are lucky to find in ‘Milling’ and ‘The Miller’, journals that started during the early days of modern milling and a good record of the organisation and layout of many of the mills that have now gone. Detailed articles are in many cases illustrated with internal plans and descriptions and often accompanied by photographs of machinery and information about the engineers that installed the roller plants. Sometimes but not always, we are given an external view of the mill. Often the mill is mentioned as being on a dockside or on a particular river, but the actual architecture is seldom described.

As we have already lost so many, I was very pleased to recently find a write up which showed some of London’s fine flourmill buildings all built by architects of the time who intended them to stand the test of time. Looking at the images, some reproduced here, made me reflect on an impressive part of our heritage which has been lost, but whose records we are aiming to preserve.

On the 6th June 1887, The Miller detailed the proceedings of the London convention of National Association of British and Irish Millers. The council meeting was held in their London offices then at 61 Mark Lane. Following on from the meeting the association organised the inspection of some of the fine London flourmills, which were to be opened up to members who wished to view them. It was interesting to note that a special report 14 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

was being given as the meeting of the investigation into the depression in the milling trade at the time.

The first mill of the day to be visited was Mr Seth Taylor’s St Saviour’s Flour Mills running on the Simon System. This mill was described as occupying perhaps one of the most suitable sites that could be chosen for a great flourmill in London; it was situated on the River Thames in Mill Street, Dockhead, one of the busiest quarters of South London. Milling had commenced there on 31st July 1882 and worked until towards the end of 1884 on a mixed stone and roller system, the machinery included 20 pairs of millstones and several sets of smooth roller mills for reducing the middlings.

Following on from an unfortunate event, a fire in November 1885, Mr Taylor decided to remodel the mill to a complete roller system and the task of designing and installing it went to Mr Henry Simon of Manchester. It was not an easy job as the lower

Seth Taylor’s St Saviour’s Mill, View of the Granaries from the River Thames

Mr Seth Taylor

floors were cramped with the engine house, chimneystack and cast iron pillars all rendering it virtually impossible. Mr Simon with his great engineering skills was able to find “the only solution possible” by installing three-high roller mills, securing a large capacity output for the plant.

An illustration shown here is of the splendid granaries, abutting the Thames, enabling the wheat to be delivered directly to the site. The mills along with the wheat-cleaning department adjoined the warehouses and had a frontage on Mill Street so it could not be seen from the River.

The wheat-cleaning department was situated between the mill and the warehouse. The ground floor held Barnard and Leas’ separators that were employed before the wheat was elevated to the seventh floor, and then passing through different machines in rotation as it descended. On the sixth floor were four hexagonal reels 20ft long and covered in wire for grading the wheat, removing stones, straw etc. The fifth floor had two Whitmore and Binyon aspirators and one Childs’ aspirator. The fourth had eight cockle cylinders in one frame and two Ashby smutters. The third floor had two Childs’ decorticators and the second had four Ashby smutters.

The roller mill itself was a brick building adjoining the wheatcleaning department, it was separated by a thick fireproof wall extending above the roof. On the ground and first floors of the roller mill itself were 15 Simon three-high roller mills for breaking the wheat, cracking the semolina and flouring the middlings. The first, fourth and fifth break roller mills were on the ground floor and the second and third break roller mills were on the first floor. Also on the ground floor were two pairs of millstones for making wheatmeal or millstone flour and two aspirators. The motive power to drive the machinery was obtained from a pair of horizontal Corliss valve engines with a

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Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 15

Milling and Grain supports the aims and objectives of the Mills Archive Trust, based in Reading, England.

The history of milling no matter where it has taken place - is being archived by the Trust.

For well over 100 years milling technology has been global with many magazines serving or having served our industry from flour and food to feed and oilseed processing and now to fish feeds.

A most recent contribution to the Trust’s collection is a complete century of past edition of the now out-of-print ‘NorthWestern Miller’ from the United States.

We are proud to present here, front cover illustrations from this valued and longserving publication as a visual reminder of the importance contribution past magazines provided to our industry.

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Milling News Seth Taylors flour advertisement

Seth Taylors flour advertisement

capacity of 500hp. The mill had a capacity of 45 sacks an hour.

Mr Seth Taylor also owned the Waterloo Flour Mills, mentioned in my article last month and which brought his capacity up to nearly 90 sacks of flour per hour. The portrait of Seth Taylor is accompanied by advertising card showing his mill at Dockhead.

Messrs J&H Robinson’s Deptford Bridge Mills was the second to be visited. This was also conveniently situated, having a connection with the Thames by a tidal dock, navigable for barges carry wheat. The Robinson’s had been known in the trade for a long time, previously owning the Lewisham Flour Mills.

After a major fire at Lewisham totally destroying the mills, Mr Robinson, a man not to be defeated, build the Deptford roller mills. The mills have eight floors and the building was 92ft long and 66ft wide. After his experience at Lewisham, this new mill was structurally arranged to minimise the risk of fire. The roller mills, cleaning department and warehouse were separated by thick fireproof walls and had no communication with each other except by way of outside iron galleries. Each gallery had its own fire alarm and hydrant pipe connected to a stationary fire engine on the ground floor.

The roller mill proper contained two distinct plants, together having a capacity of around 30 sacks an hour. On the first floor of the mill were 33 Gray’s roller mills with four horizontal rolls, and three pairs of millstones. On the second floor were ten pairs of roller mills and spouts conveying the different products from the dressing machines on the floors above to the reduction machinery on the first floor. The first break on this floor was by a Robinson roller mill, with grooved chilled iron rolls. The third, fourth and fifth floors had 60 long silk reels placed, 14 in one and five tiers high. The sixth floor had 10 scalpers and four centrifugals. On the seventh floor were eight centrifugals and finally the top floor was used as a dust floor.

Mr Robinson’s Greenwich Mill from a more recent publication underlines the scale and majesty of pre-First World War mill buildings.

Further mills, such as those built on or near the Albert Embankment on the south bank of the Thames, are the subject of my next article.

The geographical and historical spread of our holdings at the Mills archive mean that I can only provide snapshots. If you would like to know more please email me at mills@millsarchive.org

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Milling News

WiseFeed project enters next phase

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iomin have entered the next phase in their WiseFeed project for higher performing and more sustainable aqua feeds.

They have announced the start of its experiment work in the WiseFeed project, a collaborative industry and academic network with support from European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program to improve the sustainability and performance of aqua feeds.

Edward Manchester, Global Head of Aquaculture at Biomin, comments. “Performance, profitability and the environment are themes that

we encounter on a regular basis in our discussion with clients across the world.”

He continues, “Our robust research and development capabilities allow us to advance scientific knowledge and deliver leading products to customers.”

Mycotoxins in focus have been at the forefront of research on the impacts of in aquaculture species in recent years.

Rui Gonçalves, Scientist, Biomin, explains, “Scientific research continues to document the negative impact of mycotoxins on various fish and shrimp species.”

He continues, “The objective of our participation is to better understand how mycotoxins impact the digestibility of plant-based diets in aquaculture and how to counteract any negative effects and therefore boost performance.”

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The Raghavan Report Asia’s Food Future: Disconnect between dietary changes and crop diversity

by Raghavan (‘Ragha’) Sampathkumar As discussed previously, countries in Asia are facing the issue of double burden – malnutrition and obesity – at varying levels simultaneously. Matured economies such as Malaysia and Korea are seeing increasing levels of child obesity while India, Indonesia, China and Philippines are still facing huge issues of undernourishment. Nearly a third of all children in South East Asia remain malnourished and the majority of them are in these fast-growing middleincome countries. There is another category at the bottom that requires more serious attention with countries such as Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos PDR. While Asia’s economic growth is shifting the diets towards more protein (particularly from animal sources) and high value (e.g. horticultural crops), the region remains dependent on trade to meet its demand for feed raw materials.

Although steps are taken in these countries by the policy makers to boost domestic production (e.g. corn in Indonesia), many times the efforts have unintended consequences and result in shortages and increased domestic prices. On one hand, this could be good for the farmers, but consumers bear the brunt as food prices inch up. However, similar to the geo-political moves that were discussed in the last column, policies often seem to be made in silos and mostly focused on achieving self-sufficiency through increased domestic production rather than having a holistic view of balancing it with international trade.

Boosting domestic production (e.g. corn and soybean for animal feed) proves to be a rather difficult pursuit given that hundreds of millions of farmers in Asia are smallholders with around 1 ha or less on an average and do not have access to inputs including finance and risk management solutions. They remain distant and disconnected from markets and infrastructure such as storage, power and availability of quality inputs still remain big hurdles for them to respond to price signals and increase production. Lack of access to technology, from seed and to agricultural machinery, is yet another roadblock for the cultivators who are stuck with subsistence farming. Due to all the above reasons, grain productivity remains a concern since a vast majority of these smallholder farmers are producing at around a third of the optimum yield. But on the positive side, it reflects the need and the scope for improving productivity and incomes with innovations customised for the local conditions to help improve their livelihoods and nutritional status.

Over the last few decades, Asian diets have become more similar to that of the West and there are serious concerns that a wide array of grains including sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet are getting marginalised. Although there are isolated efforts in terms of mainstreaming these neglected (orphan) but highly nutritious foods, market dynamics and consumer education must be leveraged to drive crop diversification and rotation by the farmers. Niche market opportunities for these foods can be created based on their specific nutritional characteristics to address respective health issues (e.g. gluten allergy, diabetes or micronutrient deficiencies). With assured markets and stable prices, farmers will not only be able to diversify their cropping patterns, but importantly they can minimise losses due to price volatility of major staples, reduce negative externalities (e.g. soil degradation, pest and disease pressures due to monoculture), and contribute to diet diversity in the region.

Raghavan (‘Ragha’) Sampathkumar is a seasoned food and agribusiness professional with 360 degree understanding of the complex political, socio-economic, environmental and cultural perspectives of the Agri-Food value chain. He has more than 13 years of experience working in various subsectors of food & agribusiness including agro commodities, international trade, agri-inputs, biotech, and animal nutrition sectors across Asia-Pacific.

20 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

SARVAL announces £8m expansion to Nottingham processing facility

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ARVAL, the UK’s leading supplier of high-quality protein ingredients to the pet food market, has announced a major upgrade project to its animal by-product (ABP) processing facility in Nottingham.

The £8m investment will see a purpose-built centre constructed to house dedicated processing equipment for specialist poultry products. The new lines will utilise the latest technology to process up to 3,000 tonnes of poultry every week. The state-ofthe-art sieving and clarification equipment will ensure the highest possible end product quality.

The site is capable of processing more than 200,000 tonnes of poultry by-products every year. The resulting highquality poultry meat meal, hydrolysed feather meal and poultry fat will be used by some of the world’s leading pet food manufacturers in the production of premium product lines.

Ashley Burdock, commercial manager at SARVAL, commented: “Using the latest technologies and state-of-the-art equipment, we provide leading pet food manufacturers worldwide with high-quality protein ingredients.

We pride ourselves on setting the standards for traceability and ethical business practice, which is why 100% of our products are sourced from the UK. “Investing in a state-of-the-art poultry processing line at our Nottingham facility will enable us to increase total capacity, as well as respond to increasing customer demand for low-carbon, single meat meal.”

The SARVAL Nottingham development project is due to be operational by October 2017. The site, which is located in Burton Joyce, will also continue to process more than 50,000 tonnes of hydrolysed feather meal every year.

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Information is power Clifford Spencer, , Goodwill Ambassador, NEPAD and Chairman, Milling4Life Clifford Spencer, Chief Executive Officer, Global Biotechnology Transfer Last month saw a visit made by four of the Milling4Life trustees to the Grain Elevator and Processing Society (GEAPS) event in Kansas City in the United States. This is the largest event of its kind in the world and as such the very best place to learn of the latest developments in grain storage, handling, transport, testing, logistics and trends. Attending ensured the trustees were fully informed in their quest to bring the latest and most appropriate milling technology to developing countries.

This is because without all the areas covered by GEAPS being in place the milling part of the food production process can become beleaguered in quality and supply problems.

It was very helpful for me to see the most recent advances in technology as they continue to develop at a frenetic pace. This a reader may feel is to the disadvantage of developing countries but in reality it can be an enormous advantage as it allows the opportunity to technology hop. By that I mean some of the stages of technology development that traditionally more advanced countries have gone through can be missed out altogether, and new and better ways of doing things can then become the norm straight away. The often-quoted example is that of the move from landlines to mobile phones in the telecoms industry. When mobiles are directly employed as a first move in telecoms then imagine all the work that has been saved in putting up telegraph poles and running physical lines as well as underground cabling where required for safety or environmental reasons. In a similar manner having the latest support technology ready and available in terms of storage, transport and testing for a green field start for the milling industry in developing countries allows enormous opportunity for their citizens and most importantly allows not only a catching up process to be completed much more quickly but the opportunity for these countries to become industry leaders.

Quality control is key in any industry and I saw some excellent examples of seed testing equipment and technology being displayed in Kansas. The use of mobile technology to transmit this testing data and obtain rapid results for growers and traders is often key to the success of many agricultural processes; information is power, it is often said in this respect particularly when farmers are marketing their goods. In developing countries allowing smallholder farmers to take part in the food and feed production line in a meaningful and representative way 22 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

conveys all sorts of benefits in terms of community cohesion, socio-economic benefit and particularly beneficial economic growth. If the modernising process is not anchored in the local community then they do not feel the benefits, therefore much is lost in terms of generating economic benefits at the start of the development process.

Technology allows this local anchoring to happen much more easily.

Also because many developing countries are only now assembling and developing their infrastructure be that communications, energy, transport and the vital trade that it supports then this also allows the previously described technology hop opportunity in many and varied ways. To describe one example I go back to when as a teenager, I first visited the US and witnessed the huge grain elevators and railheads across the American Midwest.

These were put in place to feed grain to the Great Lakes in as efficient and lowest cost manner as possible and then in turn allowing it to be shipped out for worldwide export opportunities for US farmers and rural businesses which depended upon them. Coming from the UK this use of rail and scale I had not seen before, it changed my thinking completely in my farming practices over the next thirty or so years. This lifting of horizons is another great effect of advanced and appropriate technology being available as early in the development process as can be attained.

So the Milling4Life trustees are more technology ready in terms of their future activities in developing countries. We have even gone a little bit further and have set off a discussion on the opportunity for a GEAPS event to be held somewhere on the African continent in the near future. This could be a huge stimulus to establishing a viable and pan-African milling industry in terms of raising awareness of the opportunity to develop economic benefit and in turn this overall benefit to local communities across Africa. Better still it allows at a relatively early stage the opportunity to involve indigenous crops and their fit for purpose production method development completely relevant to local needs. Indeed I came away from Kansas with my head buzzing as a result of all the conversations from which I had benefitted with a large selection of skillful and very helpful industry leaders, particularly the excellent presentation of their goods and services at this exceptionally well organised and run event.

The holding of such an event in Africa can provide a catalyst for the much needed boosting of African grain production in terms of yield, quality, soil care and animal production and this is another area the trustees can now investigate in our quest to boost milling practices for the benefit of human life around the world.

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Milling News

ISO accreditation awarded to Alltech’s European mycotoxin laboratory Accreditation ensures confidentiality and impartiality of analytical data

T

he Alltech 37+® mycotoxin analytical services laboratory in Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland, was accredited in accordance with the international standard ISO/ IEC 17025:2005 from Perry Johnson Laboratory Accreditation, Inc. This objective, third party assessment distinguishes the managerial and technical requirements of the lab and ensures the accuracy and impartiality of analytical results.

The European Alltech 37+ mycotoxin laboratory, which opened in April 2016, is the third of its kind for Alltech, which has two similar laboratories in the U.S. and China. The proprietary 37+ LC/MS/MS analytical method, developed by Alltech, is included in the scope of accreditation. This analytical method is state-ofthe-art in its detection and quantisation of more than 37 mycotoxins at parts per billion (ppb) and parts per trillion (ppt) levels.

“This accreditation sets the bar in global mycotoxin investigation and reaffirms our customers’ confidence in the precise, accurate and thorough testing of the Alltech 37+ mycotoxin analysis programme,” said Steve Mobley, manager of the European Alltech 37+ mycotoxin laboratory.

“Our diagnostic approach allows us to further investigate livestock and poultry health issues, study global mycotoxin trends and develop comprehensive, customised mycotoxin management programmes for our customers,” continued Mobley.

Led by Dr. Emma Daniels, senior analytical chemist and laboratory coordinator, the Alltech European 37+ laboratory provides much-needed, high-throughput mycotoxin profiling services to accelerate the detection process while saving time and money for European farmers and food producers.

Run in conjunction with the Alltech® Mycotoxin Management programme, Alltech continues to collate a powerful database, which recognizes mycotoxin issues throughout the world. To date, the company have analysed more than 14,000 samples since opening its first dedicated facility in Lexington, Kentucky, USA, in 2012.

Research carried out on mycotoxin samples analysed in January and February in North American silages showed evidence of type B trichothecenes and fusaric acid. Although type B trichothecenes are still a prevalent mycotoxin group found in silages that can damage the health and productivity of animals, recently, there has been increase in the number of cases of type A trichothecenes and other Penicillium mycotoxins. In Europe, type B trichothecenes are still common among silages, but there is also a high risk from the other Penicillium mycotoxins, which occurred in 45 percent of samples at an average of 1,533 ppb. www.knowmycotoxins.com.

Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 25

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Advanced Feature Dryer

Exciting news Tom Blacker, International Milling and Grain Directory DRYING & 12:00

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The Complexity of Balancing Sanitary Drying and Efficiency

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April is upon us already things are as busy as ever within our industry.

Headlining our top news this month is the debut of Milling and Grain’s model of ‘Build My Feedmill’.

Developed with our team from an original collaboration, the project was unveiled at VIV Asia, Bangkok, Thailand, one of the largest exhibitions in Asia with nearly 900 exhibitors and visitors from around the globe, it set the perfect stage for this meticulously thought through innovation.

Build My Feedmill is a concept that has been nurtured here at Perendale Publishers, one that we are very proud of. Still a fetus in terms of development, the project works around the sharing of industry knowledge. It will give an ample view of the latest developments in feed milling. VIV Asia presented an ideal opportunity to debut this thought-provoking endeavor.

The conference gives each speaker an opportunity to discuss the importance and most recent developments of individual steps within the milling process. With each and every speaker, BmF aims to construct a comprehensive picture of the world of milling as it stands today.

The directory is pleased to announce a noteworthy registration this month. Henry Simon Ltd, formed in 1878 by Henry Simon, a German engineer who revolutionised Great Britain’s milling industry, is under works to make a comeback under new management.

The launch of the reinvention will be hosted at IAOM New Orleans 2017, it will be overseen by the two companies behind the revival, Satake and Alapala.

In addition to this exciting news, the Milling Directory continues to head on an upward trajectory. Since our last column, 10 companies have signed up to be part of the family. We have had companies from England, Germany, Spain and Asia, which continues to be a strong market leader within the industry. In these times of global business it is vital to reach out to customers worldwide.

If you have not joined already, visit internationalmilling. com and sign up. It is free, takes a matter of minutes and allows you access to a vast directory of invaluable information.

10/03/2017

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The Pelletier Column Two legs that make humanity move forward

by Christophe Pelletier The tremendous progress that our species has made since its apparition on Earth is not the result of just good luck.

Two qualities have driven this success: innovation and collaboration. There is no doubt that these two characteristics will be essential for our further ability to adapt and overcome future challenges. In this regard, the current dynamics bring some good news and some not-quite-as-good-yet news as well.

The good news is that innovation is probably livelier than it has ever been in the past. There is not a day that goes by without hearing of some new idea being brought into action somewhere in the world. They will not all succeed, but in the grand scheme of innovation that is the price to pay to benefit from the ones that will make it. Every problem and every limitation is an invitation for a solution and always better ones too. Since the human brain started to analyse its surroundings and look for better tools to deal with it, innovation has been driven by a number of rather stable incentives: 1. Survival or just live better and longer 2. Reducing physical labour 3. Increasing efficiency, which reduces waste 4. Helping communication 5. Increasing mobility and speed 6. Offering more leisure and entertainment 7. Making some people a little wealthier Many of the future challenges fall in these categories, and number one and three are probably the most critical ones in our dealings with the environment.

If innovation is doing well, the second leg – collaboration - is not at its optimum. In this column, I have expressed my wish to see more collaboration, cooperation and exchanges, several times in the past. Although it does not always appear that way, collaboration is one of the cornerstones of life. Just look at all the examples of symbiosis. It occurs everywhere. It is what an ecosystem is all about; it is a combination of all sorts of individuals that are interdependent for their survival.

In the agricultural sector, we know that collaboration happens in the soil; we know it also happens inside the roots of legumes and in the food sector we know how the bacterial interacts with our digestive system. For all these reasons, collaboration should receive as much attention and praise as innovation. After all, good innovations are usually the result of active collaboration. Many ideas 30 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

come from interacting with others, by listening to what they know, to their experience and through the feedback they give to our own knowledge and experiences. In my opinion, the risk for sub-optimal collaboration is the result of an always-increasing emphasis on competition.

Competition is good, as I have written here before, but the key is to find a good balance between competition and collaboration. In nature, both coexist but with a slight difference with the human attitude. In nature, the competition is about survival, but the winner takes only what it needs. The “always more” concept does not apply. It is just about “always enough”. If you look at it, it provides a sound basis for a sustainable system, as long as supply can follow that is. And that was the original idea of agriculture: finding a way of adjusting food supply to the needs of the community. Agriculture rebalanced the relation between collaboration and competition. This original principle is somehow too often overlooked. To look at it from the triple bottom thinking, there is another analogy with sustainability or the lack of it. The strong emphasis on competition is mostly the result for always more financial profitability. Social and environmental issues are the result of the imbalance with the other two bottom lines.

To get the best of the combination between innovation and collaboration, the altruistic approach is often the best one.

Innovations succeed only if they are profitable too. From the technical point of view, most solutions to our future challenges already exist. It is just that the numbers often do not add up. In the end, innovation must deliver an added value. Often, the added value is monetary, but not always.

On some of the innovation drivers from the previous bullet points, it is clear that time, convenience or quality of life also weigh in what added value represents. Sometimes it is of a quantitative nature, sometimes it is qualitative, and sometimes it is both. The beauty of adding value to others is that their adopting your innovation will add value to the supplier, as long as the innovation is priced properly of course. Innovations that truly add value just about sell themselves. Adding value just brings the supplier in a pull marketing situation, which is much easier, fun and lucrative than the push approach.

The magic words when collaborating, “How can I help you?" - mean exactly that, in order to deliver!

Christophe Pelletier is a food and agriculture strategist and futurist from Canada. He works internationally. He has published two books on feeding the world’s growing population. His blog is called “The Food Futurist”.

Milling News

M

Grain risk management arketing professionals stand to gain valuable training for managing potential risks in grain marketing.

The course is being held in Manhattan, Kansas, August 7-11, 2017, at the IGP Institute Conference Center.

Obtaining the ability to efficiently manage potential marketplace challenges is a valued asset for grain marketing, and individuals who are interested in learning this are encouraged to take advantage of the IGP-KSU Risk Management course.

The training is divided into two parts, basic and

34 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

advanced. The first three days are focused on key elements of price risk management and hedging through the use of grain futures, and also emphasising basis trading and its impact on those who purchase and sell grains and oilseeds.

Jay O’Neil, course coordinator and IGP Institute senior agricultural economist, comments, “In this basic segment, we cover what the commodity exchanges provide, how they can be used to manage risk and the pitfalls of trading futures.”

The second portion of the course focuses on the use of futures options and over-the-counter (OTC) markets when dealing with risk management.

Marketing topics that participant learn in this course are centered around why the economy has future markets involving areas such as the relationship between cash and futures markets, fundamental and technical analysis, futures spread and principles of futures and option trading, OTC trading, the Greeks, futures put and call strategies for hedging, spreads and butterflies, and a simulation of futures trading.

Gabriela Moraes, market analyst at M Dias Branco, Jaboatao dos Guararapes, Brazil and former course participant, explains, “I really liked this course a lot, especially the instructors and learning from them what our company can do to minimise risks.”

To register for the course visit the IGP Institute website at: www.ksu.edu/igp.

UK warning to Brussels on over-zealous approach to pest products Global agricultural development

by Chris Jackson, Export Manager UK TAG I am writing these notes sitting under the veranda on a farm in Australia, where unlike Europe the farms have no state intervention but live in the real world of commodity prices for their livelihoods.

This is my annual trip to Australia, following a visit to VIV Asia held biennially in Thailand. The exhibition grows in significance for the intensive livestock industry at each edition with over 1000 exhibiters this year, along with an increased visitor attendance of professional people.

The organisers have this time brought a large delegation of Chinese integrators to the show, and arranged a specific programme for them giving both them and exhibiting companies from around the world opportunities to make business without having to travel within China. An interesting exhibition concept, one I am sure we will see developed more.

Whilst in SE Asia I had the opportunity to visit the Can Tao State Agricultural show in Vietnam, this was largely a local event at which we were able to suggest that companies visit VIV Asia to meet with global companies.

It was an interesting event for me to better understand how the Vietnamese Government is trying to improve the incomes of their farmers, who still farm in the traditional way with small land holdings. In the Mekong, rice growing is the staple income along with soft fruits.

In order to improve incomes the Government have made bank loans available, so that farmers can both cooperate for buying and selling and mechanise making efficiencies of scale possible.

This is a very innovative scheme put forward, however it is limited by the banks not making funds available as they do not see farming as a good risk. The small farmers most in need of their help lack the collateral to back lending here, we see first hand the lack of sympathy a capitalist world has for a small-scale 36 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

business in need.

Even with their small scale of production Vietnam is one of the worlds leading rice producing and exporting nations, and has a Government that wants to expand its industry. I am sure it will as the country is one of the most dynamic you will see in the world, that in the last 30 years has made tremendous strides forward with living standards rapidly raising.

From Vietnam to Australia where farming is on an industrial scale with rice production an important crop, water has in the past been limited in the irrigation areas of New South Wales. Rainfall and reserves water has been freed up to the rice farmers - who are no longer limited in the Riverina to growing only 30% of their land with rice.

While limitations were in place, good incomes of over AUS $4250 (UK £2574 and US $3236) were achievable subject to first grade for human consumption being achieved. As more land is put back into rice, incomes are looking less certain, even with new varieties such as YRM 70, which has a much shorter growing period being used alternative crops are being increased.

Currently the most popular being cotton, more expensive to produce and still relying on irrigation. Incomes of twice that of rice can be achieved by the most efficient of farmers. Cotton produces two income streams, the first being for the lint and the second from the seed for oil and a high protein feed for animal feed where demand is now outstripping supply.

Another high-income crop now being tried in the Riverina are Mung Beans, highly sought after in India and Thailand and currently produced in Queensland, it will be interesting to see how this alternative develops.

Of course the scale of farming in Australia is vast, relying on low labour and huge machines. Without the high horse power machines developed over the last 50 years, farming on the scales seen here would not be possible.

With the development of robotic equipment, it will be interesting to see how farming will change in the next 50 years. @AgrictecExports

A

stark warning has been issued to MEPs in Brussels against over-zealous and ill-considered banning of important pesticides.

The European Parliament’s Agriculture Committee heard the cautionary message from one of Britain’s leading growers at a hearing on Sustainable Plant Protection John Chinn, who is also Chairman of the UK’s Centre for Applied Crop Science, was nominated by West Midlands Conservative MEP Anthea McIntyre to make a presentation in the Parliament.

Mr Chinn said the EU was not performing well in its gauging of risk management when approving or banning plant protection products such as insecticides, herbicides and fungicides.

He told the hearing: “A failure to distinguish between hazard and risk is an essential part of the confusion about perceived threats from or to our environment; in general hazard identification is easy and often speculative; risk evaluation is generally complex and demanding.

“Rational responses are not invariable.

There is an extraordinary disregard for well-documented risks while others, of marginal significance, distort public and private spending decisions.

“These factors, coupled with a perverse preference for natural toxicity over synthetic safety, lead to an indifferent performance in risk management in the community.”

After the hearing, Miss McIntyre said: “It was really good to hear from someone with a wealth of first hand experience, a detailed grasp of the subject and a great deal of common sense - a commodity often in short supply here! Mr Chinn was very polite and very scientifically precise in his language - but he made no secret of his low opinion of some large parts of the EU’s performance in this area.

“His basic warning was that effective and low-risk products were being denied to farmers when using them would improve food security and benefit the environment. He concluded by telling the Committee that with new technologies we can achieve the twin goals of increased agricultural production and an enhanced environment.

Milling News

Drought in East Africa causes food affordability to wither

T

he soaring cost of basic staples is an extra challenge for pastoralists and a heavy burden to families in East Africa as livestock prices continue to fall.

The drought throughout the region has abruptly decimated harvests and pushed the prices of cereals and other staple foods to unusually high levels. According to the latest Food Price Monitoring and Analysis Bulletin (FPMA) the local prices of maize, sorghum and other cereals are near if not at record levels in swathes of Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania.

A causal effect situation, poor livestock body conditions due to pasture and water shortages and forcible culls mean animals command lower prices. Subsequently, pastoralists have even less income to purchase basic foodstuffs. The inadequate rainfall in most areas of the sub-region has put enormous strain on livestock and their keepers.

Mario Zappacosta, FAO senior economist and coordinator of the Global Information and Early Warning System remarks, “Sharply increasing prices are severely constraining food access for large numbers of households with alarming consequences in terms of food insecurity.”

These trends in East Africa, where prices of staple cereals have doubled in some town markets, stand in marked contrast to the stable trend of the FAO’s Food Price Index, which measures the monthly change in international prices of a basket of traded food commodities. This difference is because of the drought hammering (or in this case not) the sub-region, where food stocks were already depleted by the strong El Niño weather event that ended only last year. The poor and erratic rainfall in recent times are supposed to be crucial for local growing seasons, however the lack of it is seriously denting farm output.

Somalia’s maize and sorghum harvests are estimated to be 75 percent down from their usual level, and some 6.2 million people, more than half of the country’s total population, now face acute food insecurity, the majority of whom live in the rural areas of the country.

Soaring prices The FPMA Bulleting tracks the food price trends on a granular level and in local terms, with an eye to flagging instances where the prices of essential food commodities increase sharply or are abnormally high.

Overall, in key market towns of central and southern Somalia, coarse grain prices in January have doubled from a year earlier. In Mogadishu, prices of maize have increased by 23 percent in January. This rise was even sharper in the main maize-producing region of Lower Shabelle.

38 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

With a premature depletion of household stocks during the coming lean season, combined with current preliminary weather forecasts raising concerns for the performance of the next rainy season, prices are likely to continue to escalate in the coming months.

A brief rundown of the results and the way that the crisis has affected certain areas is as follows; Maize prices in Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania have almost doubled since early 2016, and 25 percent higher than a year earlier in the country’s largest city, Dar Es Salaam. In South Sudan, food prices are now two to four times above their levels a year earlier, exacerbated by on-going insecurity and the significant depreciation of the local currency. In Kenya, where eastern and coastal lowlands as well as some western areas of the Rift Valley all suffered below-average rainfall, maize prices are up by around 30 percent, with the increase somewhat contained thanks to sustained imports from Uganda.

Showing that cereal prices are not the only ones rising, beans now cost 40 percent more in Kenya than a year earlier, while in Uganda – where maize prices are up 75 percent from a year before – and increasing around the key border trading hub of Busia, the prices of beans and cassava flour are both about 25 percent higher than a year ago in the capital city, Kampala.

Double jeopardy for pastoralists Drought-affected pastoral areas in the region face even harsher conditions, in Somalia, goat prices are up to 60 percent lower than a year ago. However, in pastoralist areas of Kenya the prices of goats declined by up to 30 percent over the last 12 months.

These figures are perhaps unsurprising when you consider that the shortages of pasture and water caused livestock deaths and reduced body mass, prompting herders to sell animals while they can. This is also happening in droughtwracked southern Ethiopia, pushing up the prices of milk, which, for instance is up 40 percent on the year in Somalia’s Gedo region.

A medium-sized goat in Somalia’s Buale market was worth 114 kilograms of maize in January 2016, but at today’s prices can be traded as low as 30 kilograms worth of grain. The lower income from the livestock collides with the higher prices for cereals and other staple foods, proving a wrenching shock to terms of trade for the pastoralist households.

The tool FPMA used by the FAO is accessible to the public online. It is to monitor local markets and gather data for more than 1350 domestic price series in 91 countries around the globe in order to produce its Indicator of Food Price Anomalies.

Milling News

B

New feed additive launched iomin have launched their next generation phytogenic feed additive.

Digestarom® DC is a feed converter and brings the company closer to their ambitions to become the PFA market leader by 2020.

Michael Noonon, Global Product Manager Phytogenics, Biomin, states, “Digestarom® DC represents a dramatically new approach to phytogenics. We’ve concentrated our efforts on how to improve feed

conversion, because we know that it’s a core concern for livestock and feed producers around the globe.”

According to the Biomin 2017 Phytogenic Feed Additives Survey, enhanced feed efficiency or a betterfeed conversion ratio (FCR) ranked as the most important benefit of phytogenics to the 1140 industry respondents.

Optimised feed conversion Mr Noonan notes, “Feed conversion improvement is tied to a host of modern production issues, including profitability, improving the low digestibility of alternative feed ingredients, reducing antibiotics, counteracting stressors, and overcoming environmental

challenges.”

He continues, “Digestarom® DC is the result of significant proprietary R&D and leverages the know-how of the longstanding and successful product line,” he explained, adding “With a clear and documented mode of action, results showed improved palatability, enhanced digestibility, reduced intestinal challenge, better animal product quality, and improved animal welfare.”

Introducing the Duplex Capsule Based on considerable research and development, the additive incorporates the innovative technology that ensures the plantbased active compounds are delivered where they are needed to be most effective.

Mr Noonan explains, “The unique encapsulation technology is designed for targeted release of specific phytogenic compounds throughout the digestive process, and demonstrates stability under common pelleting conditions.”

He summarises, “This ensures the triple action formulation can have the intended effects.”

Your global technology process supplier for the animal feed industry ANDRITZ is one of the world’s leading suppliers of techno­ logies, systems, and services relating to advanced industri­ al equipment for the animal feed industry. With an in-depth knowledge of each key process, we can supply a compatible and homogeneous solution from raw material intake to finished feed bagging.

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40 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

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Milling News

GMP+ establishes participation and cooperation for feed safety

by Johan den Hartog, Managing Director, GMP+ International Feed safety assurance requires all kinds of connections for participation and cooperation within companies for processes and employees, and also between links of the supply chain and between companies worldwide. With this lesson of 25 years securing feed safety in mind, GMP+ International wants to facilitate a network through multi-stakeholders’ participation.

It contributes to the continued development of its GMP+ Feed Certification scheme.

In 1992 the first Code of Practice for feed safety control was established in the Netherlands. It aimed at the production of compound feed and premixtures. Initially, the code was developed in response to incidents and crises with regard to unsafe feed.

Currently, the scheme is more pro-active. GMP+ International uses its multi-stakeholders’ participation to track what will be relevant within GMP+ certified companies and their environment in the development of the certification scheme. In 2017 the GMP+ scheme owner will establish an online community for the same purpose.

This year, GMP+ International will celebrate its 25th anniversary of the GMP+ feed safety assurance and will establish its involvement in the industry with an international event in Amsterdam from the 1st till the 3rd of November 2017. During this event, GMP+ International will look back into past history, but mainly focuses on the future. Johan den Hartog, Managing Director of GMP+ International says, “We appreciate the effort people have taken to shape the environment which has led to the expansion of the scheme as we currently know it but this year we are looking forward to trends and developments which lie ahead. The current result is the reward of all involved experts and participating companies”.

At the anniversary event the focus will be on issues like shortage of raw materials, climate change, the development of a bio-based economy, geopolitical tensions and – as because of that – currency fluctuations. “These are all aspects that we have to keep up with, for the assurance of feed safety. It requires adjustments at companies and in our scheme. In what way does that affect feed safety and assurance with the GMP + FSAmodule? And what must be done to respond to these changes”, continues Den Hartog.

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Reflection of the past

Characteristics of the current GMP+ feed certification scheme reflect issues from the past 25 years. Due to incidents with feed contamination, the market participants and authorities fueled the process. The first Code of Practice was issued in 1992 called GMP. Later quality management requirements in accordance with ISO 9001 were integrated in 1995. The BSE crisis in Europe followed, which underlined the importance to make feed safety assurance more proactive. The dioxin contamination of Brazilian citrus pulp in 1998 was also a strong trigger in the development of the GMP+ certification scheme. HACCP made its appearance, and the scheme was extended to the supply chain (1999). That allowed for faster anticipation in case of incidents: early warning and tracking & tracing were introduced in 2000. The name was changed from ‘ GMP’ to ‘GMP+’. More drastic change of the name was not possible, because it was brand name well-known in North-West Europe that moment. Subsequently, the scheme went international (from 2001 onwards) to over 16 000 companies in more than 80 countries today. Nowadays, ‘ GMP+’ is a brand name for THE international standard for feed safety assurance worldwide.

Diversity

Due to the way GMP+ International operates, many parties are involved in the approach to obtain safe feed. That also leads to many wishes with regard to the elaboration of the GMP+ scheme. GMP + International decided to involve them actively in the development of the GMP+ scheme. In 2010 the multi-stakeholders’ participation was introduced. This has a crucial role in matching the schedule with the practice

and the tremendous diversity that exists in the playing field internationally and between the companies that are GMP + FSA certified. It better accentuated the global discrepancies between government and market requirements. Without compromising the minimum demands on the assurance of safe animal feed, GMP+ International introduced the possibility for regional wishes regarding the scheme. In 2011, country notes were introduced. This was followed by the desire to match feed safety certification with other aspects that require certification, such as

Milling News sustainability requirements of raw materials like soy and palm oil. GMP+ International anticipated with the GMP+ Feed Responsibility Assurance (FRA) certification, which introduced in 2013 the opportunity for one-stop multi certification.

Knowledge center

In the meantime the secretariat of GMP + International turned into a knowledge center for the many affiliated companies. For questions about how to comply with the conditions for certification, or about the safety of new feed materials. Or policy questions about the relationship of GMP+ FSA to the EU legislation for safe feed (General Food Law) and very practical questions about the calibration of weighing equipment. Den Hartog: “We have a lot of knowledge and experience. With our extensive, global network, we have access to even more. We will continue to facilitate companies in ensuring feed safety. With generic measures where necessary and tailormade conditions and criteria where possible.”

Prospect

Den Hartog expects that the GMP+ Feed Certification scheme will gradually continue to develop and that the regional differences in and additions to the scheme will increase, but where possible GMP+ International will strive to uniformity.

Anticipation of trends and developments will remain necessary, such as the recent focus that GMP+ International put on feed safety culture (early 2011), integrity (early 2016) and fraud (early 2017). In addition, there will be continued growth in the number

of certified companies, in particular in Central and Eastern Europe, South America and Southern Europe, and Asia GMP + International expects. Den Hartog comments that, “ Soon, also the Near East will increase in participation”.

These developments also require continued adjustments in the organization. “We want our knowledge and experience to remain at a high level. In addition, we are looking for participation and cooperation where functional. Partly with other organizations and also with, for example, the mutual recognition with other scheme owners. At the same time we are working on a more intensive exchange of knowledge and experiences with our certified companies. After all, their wishes form the foundation of our work,” concludes Den Hartog.

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Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 43

Mill

Training A course has been organised by Miller Magazine and Paranrez International Fair to run simultaneously with the IDMA Fair. This is being held at the IDMA 2017 Exhibition Area, Istanbul Expo Center, CNR Expo, Hall 3, rooms’ 1-2-3 and will cost 25 Euros.

‘Certified Milling Training’ to run simultaneously with the IDMA Fair The training will be installed within the fair area and start a day after the fair begins and end on the last day of the fair, May 5-7, 2017, it will IGP Institute partnered with Buhler, Inc. to offer milling training for experienced millers. The Buhler-KSU Expert Milling was held at the institute’s conference centre in Manhattan, Kansas, March 6-10, 2017. Several topics were covered at the event, including wheat tempering, cleaning systems, the perfect break release, purifier techniques, roller mills, sifters and mill pneumatics.

Milling professionals participate in expert milling course Chris Craft, head miller at Grain Craft in Birmingham, Alabama, as well as a course participant, describes his experience, “I wanted to advance my knowledge and try to advance in the field where I can look at more detailed operations in the industry.”

Milling

TRAINING internationalmilling.com ONLINE | PRINT | MOBILE

be delivered in Turkish and English with simultaneous translation.

Courses were organised for three different industries including: flour, feed and rice and pulses. On the first day of the training a general training session covering each of these industries will be provided in a single hall. On the remaining two days, two specialised coursed will be provided in three different halls separately.

These courses will be provided by representatives of the leading technology producers and suppliers, as well as academics who are specialists in their own fields, all supported with demos provided at the IDMA fair area by exhibitor companies.

These courses are supported by: TABADER, Association of Grain and Pulses Processing Technologies, Storage and Analysis Systems, and the University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Professor Dr Mustafa BAYRAM. He continues, “Being someone who didn’t go to school for milling, this course was kept light, but also very serious, and I was able to ask questions about my own mill and setup and get some insight from the instructors and really gave me some ideas and directions to make improvements when I go back.”

The educational training also gave participants an in-depth perspective of flow sheet diagrams and milling processes, optimum machine adjustment and mill handling and provided them the experience of learning about the operations of the KSU Hal Ross Flour Mill.

Jason Watt, Buhler instructor of milling and course coordinator remarks, “This milling course was great with all of the participants being knowledgeable and experienced. They were very active in the discussions, making the course very fun and lively as they learned from both the instructor and each other.”

The IGP Institute at Kansas State University aims to provide valuable training opportunities for grain industry professionals; they offer several other training courses in addition to flour milling and grain processing such as feed manufacturing, grain quality management, and grain marketing and risk management.

The Training Register operates on the same platform as the highly successful internationalmilling.com Events Register.

Our vision is to produce an easily accessible hub which will list both milling and aquaculture related training courses, workshops and educational opportunities from around the world, much the same as the Events Register does for conferences and expositions.

“If you, your company or organisation is organising a milling or aquaculture course we would love to work with you. No training course is too big or too small for any of our readers to attend.”

Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 45

Pegasus Twin Shaft Paddle Mixer

PRODUCT FOCUS APRIL 2017 In every edition of Milling and Grain, we take a look at the products that will be saving you time and money in the milling process.

The Pegasus Paddle Mixer offers you the ability to mix almost any type of powder, granules and extruded product, without exerting mechanical force on the product. A homogeneous mixture can be achieved with products of varying bulk density or composition. Applying fluids to the dry components in the mixer is possible and is generally achieved with a nozzle above the fluidised zone, achieving an optimal distribution of the liquid component within the mixture.

Some of the benefits are as follows. It has a shorter mixing time (3-50 seconds) than any other type of mixer. The design means little or no product damage and low energy consumption. The flexible design means it can go from gentle to a high shear mixer.

The capacity ranges from 10 to 11,000 dm³ and “easy-to-clean” design.

www.dinnissen.nl

WTS Weigh Transfer System Designed by Foodmate with ChickSort®UK, the WTS Weigh Transfer System offers both speed and accuracy.

The WTS displays a triple load cell weigh head arrangement, maximising the weighing time of each bird. Because the weigh heads are stationery, they can be mounted on a separate tower to avoid low frequency vibration from the machine adversely affecting the weighing.

The key benefits are as follows. The system has speeds in excess of 12000 bph and performs weighing accuracy of ± 10 grams.

It benefits from easy set up and had a simple and compact design providing an effective and reliable transfer mechanism. The WTS system has an automatic detection of weighing problems before they have a negative effect on production. It is designed to be user friendly and easy to maintain and operate.

THIS MONTH WE TAKE A LOOK AT MACHINERY FROM COMPANIES THAT WERE EXHIBITING AT VIV Asia 2017

www.foodmate.nl

S Heater: S8 + SS Filter Gasolec started with the production of the S-type.

It has a distinctive cast iron burner chamber and a ceramic burner plate. The heater gives a reliable performance and low costs, meaning it is ideal for animal production.

The standard model benefits from a stainless steel filter construction. We have optional heavy-duty filters that can be fixed easily and quickly.

The product is simple to use, highly portable and easy to install.

It has variable capacity, the propane levels are easily adjusted from 100-50 percent for more intensive heat and the high infrared output ensures optimal conditions for animal production, as does the adjustment through gas pressure.

An open space above the S8 of 100cm or more is recommended and two chains can secure it. The units need little maintenance and all follow the standards set for a thermoelectromagnetic safety device.

www.gasolec.com 46 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

MaxiMil Produced by Anotix MaxiMil is a sprayed liquid product used in the production of pelleted and mash animal feeds. Produced to provide improvements in feed milling efficiency and the reduction of production loss. It offers a characteristic quality, along with mold inhibition.

It reduces the amount of loss by homogeneously distributing moisture with the final pelleting process. It offers improved conditioning return by thorough heating of the meal particles.

The liquid can give higher throughput which can be measured as tonnes per hour. This in turn reduces the amount of electrical requirements that a pellet mill needs.

The product has higher pellet stability and can be applied through a purpose-built dispensing system. It can be customised and fully maintained by Anitox engineers.

The ingredients are FDA/EU approved for use in all animal species.

www.anitox.com

FOCUS

SPECIAL FOCUS Recommended for most farm-based grain-handling systems with typical storage requirements.

All Lambton grain bins include, standard construction providing G115 (350 grams/M2 of zinc) galvanized steel with 28 percent more zinc protection than traditional bins. They have larger 44inch sidewall sheets with four-inch corrugation, which improves grain flow, increases vertical strength and reduces build time.

Lambton bins have access doors with 44-inch or 66-inch opening with bin step as standard. A 32.5-degree roof angle is standard for both structured and non-structured models with peak load capacities engineered as needed from 4,000 - 30,000 lbs. They are specifically farm-stiffened with an innovative swedged joint that eliminates stiffener splices and reduces build costs.

Commercial bins use Lambton’s robust stiffener for additional strength and stability on taller and larger bin structures. All designs are stress tested with accurate calculations for wind, rooftop equipment loads and snow loads.

4� Corrugated Unstiffened Grain Bins

The Corrugated Unstiffened Grain Bins specifically benefit from an engineered high-rib design for maximum strength and fast condensation runoff.

The roof design lets moisture escape to the outdoors in the drying process. A 5½-inch overhang at the eave protects against driving rain, wind and blowing snow.

Roof ribs fully overlap for a weather tight seal and double strength. The oblong man way opening provides easy access to the inside.

It features 3/8-inch Grade 8.2 Sidewall bolts from top to bottom.

All hardware conforms to JS 1000, which is the highest standard available for corrosion prevention and long life. The product has safety built in with a compression ring that greatly reduces risk of damage by heavy snow loads and strong wind.

The fill opening is covered by a spun dome lid and secured by a single spring-loaded latch and the lid slides horizontally to open and close eliminating the need to move loading equipment.

www.lambtonconveyor.com

Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 47

#

04

Vitamin D F

V

Assessing fortification with Vitamin D itamin D is one of the essential micro-nutritional elements for heath and well being in our diet, and yet, its presence is very low in the foods we eat daily. Foods that are rich in natural vitamin D levels include oily fish, such as mackerel or salmon and shiitake mushrooms, but are not as commonly consumed as milk or bread. Recommended daily levels of vitamin D are 10 micrograms (mcg) per day for children and adults, which include women who are pregnant or are breastfeeding. A recent peer reviewed study has led to the question, should we be making vitamin D fortification mandatory for everyone?

Chemically, Vitamin D refers to the fat-soluble secosteriods group that act on increasing absorption in the body of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphates and zinc. The compounds that we as humans need the most are vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) to prevent a number of problems and diseases. Deficiency of vitamin D is well known to cause Rickets, as was seen in Victorian England, however it can also be responsible for Osteromalcia (bone softening and fracture risk), Diabetes and skin pigmentation changes. This last factor is especially prevalent due to the mechanism by which we absorb the highest concentration of vitamin D, Sunlight.

Research has shown that people with darker skin living in temperate climates have lower vitamin D levels. They are less efficient at synthesizing the necessary compounds because of an increased melanin level, a factor that is not present in Caucasians.

However, this does affect Caucasian populations in countries such as Iceland with limited yearly sunlight hours. Around 94 percent of their demographic is of Norse or Celtic descent and a study in 2012 by Illari Paakari, Professor of Medical Science at Helsinki University concluded that, “all the evidence that we have supports the idea that vitamin D concentrations have an inverse relationship to the occurrence of numerous diseases. It is known that breast cancer, intestinal cancer and MS are like this.”

A study by the British Medical Journal (BMJ 2017;356:i6583) in 2017 illustrated that supplementation of vitamin D could prevent the common cold or flu. Its lead author, Adrian Martineau, a clinical professor of respiratory infection and immunity at Queen Mary University of London argued, “The results are likely to change the cost/benefit analysis significantly.”

To give this some context, around 70 percent of the UK population has a cold or the flu in any year with 25 percent seeking medical assistance from GP’s. Most are given antibiotics, which is ineffective as they aren’t the optimal treatment for a viral based infection. With around 300,000 hospitalizations a year in the UK for respiratory infections, including Pneumonia, and approximately 38,000 deaths, there is an obvious need to change the way we think about food fortification.

Early attempts at mandatory fortification in margarine have shown that simple steps can dramatically change the population intake level. There are plans to increase fortification in staple foods such as milk, orange juice, cereals and flour. Milk is

50 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

already fortified with vitamin D in the United States; vegetarian produce is fortified with B12 and other minerals. There are however still issues, particularly for children. Poor family dietary habits, lack of knowledge and economic constraints mean that micro-malnutrition is still a factor in developed countries perhaps as much as it is in developing countries.

Thankfully this is changing. In the UK as of 2015, Marks & Spencer, a leading retailer has now added vitamin D to its bread in response to consumer concern about their nutrition. Under UK law, all wheat flour except wholemeal must be fortified with calcium, iron, niacin and thiamine, but it is particularly refreshing to see suppliers and distributors acting on providing more than the legal minimum.

For bread, this is especially important. The milling of grain for both white and brown flour can remove several nutrients. White flour uses around 75 percent of the grain and brown uses about 85 percent. Whilst the milling process produces a finer, smoother product, it eliminates the B vitamin group, which is why they have to be added back. Wholemeal flour, as the name suggests, uses 100 percent of the grain and still contains bran, which holds its nutrient value.

Optimal vehicle for nutrient delivery

Vitamin D by contrast has zero trace in flour, which considering it is the most widely consumed food globally, is the optimal vehicle for nutrient delivery. Research conducted by Dr. Rachel E Allen at the Department of Health in London found that if flour is fortified with 10mcg per 100g it is more effective than fortification of milk, without exceeding the tolerable levels. “This study provides new evidence that vitamin D fortification of wheat flour could be a viable option for safely improving vitamin D intakes and the status of United Kingdom population groups at risk of deficiency without increasing risk of exceeding current reference thresholds.”

If flour were to be fortified with this level of nutrients, then the percentage of at-risk individuals estimated to have below the daily-recommended amount of vitamin D would be 50 percent, which in turn is reduced from the current 93 percent.

Despite the evidence to suggest that fortification would be a health improvement, the research is ongoing and there is not necessarily a rush to implement vitamin D into the food chain. Dr. Allen was keen to stress that, “the requirement for additional research surrounding vitamin D is substantial.” She went on to address the possibility of too much vitamin D should consumers and manufacturers become caught up in the wave of feeling that vitamin D fortification and supplementation was 100 percent necessary.

“There are gaps in the knowledge in relation to the biology of vitamin D, the relation between intake and the serum 25(OH)D (vitamin D levels in the body) concentration, and the potential impact of deficiency and excess on bone health and other chronic diseases, which suggests that additional research is required before fortification is implemented in the United Kingdom.

Before the introduction of universal fortification, a detailed impact assessment including consumer research on its public acceptability would be required.”

F

WHEAT

W

by Matt Muller, Milling and Grain

THE ANCIENT AND FUTURE CROP

heat plays a crucial part in the everyday life of billions of people around the globe. The cereal is farmed extensively, with yearly production surpassing the high yields of rice. Annual figures for wheat are around 750 million tonnes, cultivated on more than 540 million acres, and that trend is set to increase exponentially as the human population is forecast to rise in the very near future.

Historically, wheat has been part of human culture since the earliest era. References to the grain have been found in ancient Chinese writings and Biblical scripture. Socrates is quoted as saying, “No man qualifies as a statesman who is entirely ignorant on the problems of wheat.” He was of course speaking about the political direction of the period, but it shows what a key cultural influence this grain had to civilization.

Cultivation of wheat began over 10,000 years ago in what James Henry Breasted coined the, “Fertile Crescent’ also known as the cradle of civilization, or more commonly, Mesopotamia.

Along with Einkorn wheat, Emmer was one of the first crops to be domesticated and actively farmed. As humanity spread through migration and trade, the cultivation of Emmer reached Greece, Cyprus and India by 6500 BCE. Egypt followed shortly after 6000 BCE, and Germany and Spain were introduced to wheat by 5000 BCE. By 3000 BCE, the grain had reached the British Isles and Scandinavia. A millennium later it reached China. From Asia, wheat continued to spread throughout Europe. In the British Isles, the wheat stalks were dried, creating straw and used as thatching for Bronze Age roofing until the late 19th century.

Wheat is part of the Triticum genus of grasses, and has a very complex genome. To give some indication of this, wheat diversifies into diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid groups, all of which can separate into three more distinct genomes within the cell nucleus. By comparison, each of these genomes is almost twice as complex as the human genome and consists of around 5,500 million letters.

Today, the major cultivated species is, ‘T.aestivum’ which is known as Common wheat. Durum, Hard Red Spring and Hard or Soft Winter variants are the next most popular strains. There have

52 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

been successful efforts to genetically alter the DNA of wheat with a view to improving yields and making it more resistant to disease or loss. One such process is dwarfing, which has been used to prevent spoilage. Researchers found that when grain is almost ripe, the heavy ears overcome the natural strength of the grass stem and it bends to come in contact with the wet ground, thus rendering it un-harvestable.

The primary use for wheat is within the food chain. Raw wheat can be ground into flour, durum wheat is used for semolina, and germinated wheat is used for malt. Processed wheat constitutes the core ingredients of staple foods such as bread, porridge, biscuits, pies and even gravy. When eaten as the whole grain, wheat is a healthy food source of multiple nutrients and lowers the risk of several diseases. Its effects on gastrointestinal health and risk of obesity as yet remain unproven, however whole wheat contributes toward lowering the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer and type 2 diabetes.

As a commodity, wheat is widely cultivated as a cash crop due to the ease with which it can be grown and the high value it holds.

Sold in ‘bushels’, which is the equivalent of 8 gallons (within the UK) or 64 pints (in the US), the last 10 years have seen wheat consistently command a price of around US$6. However, the market is volatile, wheat reached a high of $10 in 2008 and a low the following year of under $3. Due to this, farmers are routinely provided with Government subsidies to offset losses and encourage or compensate production. The amount of assistance given will be especially relevant to those in the UK following the upcoming Brexit plans. Farmers receive on average £2.1 billion in direct subsidies and £600 million in rural development payments through the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy. The UK Government has stated it will maintain the funding levels of around £1.8 billion a year, however it is currently unknown how World Trade Organization rules on ‘market-distortion’ may scupper those plans.

Economics and policy are not the only problems faced by wheat farmers. Disease and pest infestation account for yield losses of 30 percent each year, and these are conservative estimates. A new and unusual fungal infection was discovered in Sicily last year, which destroyed tens of thousands of hectares. To make matters worse, there are fears that the spores may infect this year’s harvest. Researchers from the Global Rust Reference Centre (GRRC) identified the infection as a form of Stem Rust,

F

3000S In Line Analyser

known for its characteristic brownish stain and devastating impact. “Stem rust epidemics haven’t been seen in Europe since the 1950s” says Mogens Hovmøller, who leads the GRRC’s testing team. “It’s not a challenge plant breeders have faced for many years,” agrees James Brown, a plant pathologist at the John Innes Centre in Norwich, UK. Speculation on how Stem Rust retuned to this area has suggested it could be down to climate change, combined with changes in farming practices, such as sowing earlier in the season. However Hovmøller and others state they will seek support from the European Research Council to establish an early-warning system in a bid to prevent another outbreak.

With these problems in mind, the future of wheat could see a return of once forgotten species such as Emmer, Spelt and Einkorn. The increased consumer demand for high-quality and healthy food, presents an opportunity to reintroduce ancient wheat varieties. These in turn could provide niche markets for small farmers, millers, and bakers. Many of these seed varieties still exist in gene banks all over the world, and scientists view them as an important source of genetic bio-diversity.

Friedrich Longin and Tobias Würschum, from the University of Hohenheim in Germany have noted that, “People are interested in diversity, in getting something with more taste, with healthier ingredients, and ancient grains deliver interesting things.”

Further to their academic and scientific research, there is a growing market for spelt products as an example of how ancient grains can be successfully reintroduced into the food chain.

Spelt was the main cereal crop in Southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland until the early 20th century, where it nearly disappeared. It’s rediscovery started in the 1970’s and only a few millers and bakers were still familiar with traditional spelt recipes such as Swabian seelen, a baguette-like pastry. Today, more than 100,000 hectares of spelt are grown annually in and around Germany, with an annual turnover of €1 billion across Europe and an annual growth rate of more than 5 percent.

This growth has attracted economists and scientists alike. The ambition to introduce these forgotten grains to the food chain will require a concerted co-operative effort from all areas such as plant breeding, nutritional analysis and marketing. The projected end result however points toward a sustainable and self-financing system that can revolutionize the sector and ease existing concerns.

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Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 53

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CUT INDIGESTIBLE PROTEIN AND DO PIGLET HEALTH A FAVOR

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by Lars Sangill Andersen, MSc, Nutritionist at Hamlet protein

ne of the most important parameters when evaluating feed ingredients is the digestibility of the nutrients they contain. Published in nutrition guides, these digestibility values are often used in research projects to verify published data or to shed light on new hypotheses – and they are of key importance when formulating feed for each stage of an animal’s life.

However, another equally important parameter often receives less attention.

That is the amount of undigested nutrients in feed and their effect on animal health. Due to the comparative vulnerability of their gut, piglets are of particular interest in this regard.

Major feed nutrient

Protein is among the nutrients that both have an easily digestible part and a fraction that passes through the digestive tract without being absorbed.

As the most expensive of the major nutrients in feed, it is critical to feed manufacturers and farmers that the protein they use is as digestible as possible. Financial considerations aside, undigested protein is also a potential cause of gut health problems – and it costs energy when nitrogen from deaminated amino acids is removed and excreted via the liver and kidneys.

Higher vulnerability in piglets

Studies have shown that the indigestible protein fraction is higher in young piglets (<20kg) during the first few weeks after weaning. Piglets of this age are also more sensitive to anti-nutritional factors in the protein than pigs over 25kg.

Crude protein (N x 6.25) is calculated as nitrogen from amino acids and from non-protein nitrogen (NPN). As figure 1 shows, the digestibility of the amino acid fraction varies. This causes various amounts of undigested amino acid to enter the large intestine along with the NPN fraction.

Risk of diarrhea

Proteolytic bacteria in the gut feed on these two

54 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

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Figure 1. Digestibility of the protein sources used in pig and piglet feed

crude protein fractions, promoting bacteria growth and risking a microflora imbalance that can cause diarrhea. At the same time, ammonia produced in the gut is absorbed and contributes to the nitrogen load that must be removed by the liver and excreted from the kidneys via urine. This both costs energy and diverts liver capacity away from other metabolic outputs that support growth and health. Feed strategies that focus on minimizing the indigestibility and NPN fraction of raw materials are a worthwhile investment. Risks and maintenance costs are reduced, and healthy young animal growth is in full focus.

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Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 55

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INFLUENCING TMR CONSUMPTION AND FEEDING BEHAVIOUR IN DAIRY COWS

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ver recent years Nutriadâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Palatability Business Unit has completed a number of studies, in which the impact of flavours on dairy cow feeding behaviour in relation to TMR diets has been investigated and assessed.

Feeding behaviour and the subsequent effect on the overall feed consumption levels of dairy cows fed in a TMR system is a complex subject, with many variables impacting on the total dry matter intakes achieved.

Physiological and physical aspects can all influence total feed consumption and feeding patterns.

Ruminants, including dairy cows, have very well developed senses of olfaction (smell) and taste and it is not uncommon to see animals sorting through the TMR feed thereby not consuming the balanced diet that was formulated.

Achieving optimum dry matter intake by ensuring that the TMR feed offered is readily accepted and consumed at all stages of lactation is a critical factor in ensuring whole herd performance.

Studies undertaken by Nutriad at the University of Illinois and the University of Minnesota as well as a number of large-scale field trails across several States in the USA have given Nutriad valuable insight into this important subject. The multinational feed additives producer has used these insights to create a specific flavour and sweetener line for dairy cows that was successfully introduced with producers around the world.

Nutriad delivers products and services to over 80 countries through a network of own sales offices and distributors. Supported by four application laboratories and five manufacturing facilities on three continents.

56 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

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JOINING FORCES FOR A SUSTAINABLE EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE SECTOR OF THE FUTURE

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QUAEXCEL2020 is a €9.7 million European Union-funded Horizon 2020 research infrastructure project aimed at supporting the sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector in Europe. It comprises a large group of leading European aquaculture research facilities that work towards bringing aquaculture research in Europe to a new level by 2020. It will do so by integration of the European aquaculture community, and providing it with crucial tools, facilities, and novel services to conduct advanced

fish research.

Aquaculture currently provides about half of the fish for human consumption worldwide. The demand for fish is rising, but fisheries are not expected to grow due to fully or over-exploited fish stocks. Aquaculture production seeks to meet this increasing demand for fish, but while the aquaculture sector is growing in the rest of the world, it has stagnated in Europe in recent years. The European aquaculture industry has ambitions to grow sustainably with continuing efficient and environmentally responsible production of high-value fish products. This will be possible if it ensures excellent scientific research and translates results into innovation and industrial growth.

European researchers need effective and convenient access to the best aquaculture research infrastructures to conduct research for the advancement of knowledge and technology in the aquaculture sector. AQUAEXCEL2020 aims to bring together, integrate, and open up diverse key national and regional aquaculture research infrastructures in Europe to all European researchers, from both academia and industry, ensuring their optimal use and joint development. These research infrastructures are made available through the AQUAEXCEL2020 Transnational Access (TNA) program. Building on the success of its predecessor AQUAEXCEL (2011-2015), the AQUAEXCEL2020 project unites a group of major aquaculture experimental facilities that have the capacity to undertake experimental trials on a selection of commercially important aquaculture fish species and system types.

Almost half of the project’s budget will go into the provision of this transnational access to aquaculture research facilities and harmonised services for both academic users as well as private sector users, especially SMEs. Academic and industry researchers will then be able to perform their research projects with “free of charge” access to 39 top EU aquaculture research infrastructures that are not available in their country of origin. Over 100 researchers have previously used this opportunity to extend their investigations Nofima Cleaner fish experimental unit, Norway ©Terje Aamodt and Nofima

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O GY

THE DNA OF ATLANTIC SALMON BREEDING - How to control moulds in aquaculture

International Aquafeed - Volume

20 - Issue 3 - March 2017

- Feather meal as alternative to Fishmeal - Joining forces for a sustainable European

aquaculture sector of the future

- EXPERT TOPIC Grouper - Integrating 360o cameras with feed systems Proud supporter of Aquaculture without Frontiers UK

MARCH 2017 www.aquafeed.co.uk

IAF1703.indd 1 10/03/2017 08:44

58 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

This article originally appeared in our sister publication - International Aquafeed magazine See more at: www.aquafeed.co.uk

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Nofima Centre for Recirculation in Aquaculture, Norway ©Nofima

including on different systems, species, and facility and water types, as part of AQUAEXCEL and AQUAEXCEL2020.

One of the current key areas of interest for the aquaculture industry is sustainable aquaculture feed, and fish farmers are always looking for sustainable feed that can make fish strong and healthy. A recently published study led by the Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) in Spain concludes that marine feed ingredients in aquaculture can potentially be replaced by plant ingredients without detrimental effects, when appropriate feed additives are added.

This research was made possible through combining long-term research efforts in AQUAEXCEL and ARRAINA (an EU-funded project with focus on sustainable nutrition in aquaculture) with short-term studies through the Transnational Access (TNA) program in AQUAEXCEL and AQUAEXCEL2020. ARRAINA investigated fish diets with a high replacement of marine ingredients by plant raw

ICRA facilities, Spain ©Fernando de la Gándara and IEO

materials as alternatives to the traditional fishmeal as aquaculture feed. The conjunction with the two TNA projects allowed this study’s integrative approach investigating the impact of the ARRAINA diets on the fish’s intestinal health and integrity.

The team of researchers of the Fish Nutrigenomics and Pathology Groups of the Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC; project partner in AQUAEXCEL2020), in collaboration with scientific (Centro de Ciências do Mar - project partner in AQUAEXCEL2020, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences), and industrial (BIOMAR, and NOREL) partners, found that butyrate supplementation helps to preserve intestinal function in gilthead sea bream that are fed plant-based diets.

Plant-based fish food is seen as more sustainable than those containing marine products, such as fishmeal. Research shows that some farmed fish species can survive without any or with a very limited supply (< 7%) of marine feed ingredients but they can

Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 59

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Facilities at CSIC, Spain ©Jaume Pérez-Sánchez (IATS-CSIC)

then suffer from decreased efficiency to digest food and increased susceptibility to diseases and stress. Sodium butyrate is one of the most promising feed additives to be used in aquaculture to prevent these adverse effects. It is a salt of short-chain fatty acid produced by bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates.

Two Transnational Access (TNA) studies were conducted to define the most effective butyrate dose for gilthead sea bream based on growth performance and measures of intestinal function, architecture and permeability. Fish given the butyrate supplement showed fewer intestinal problems normally associated with a plant-based diet. This finding was supported by several different approaches carried out by the research team.

The authors investigated 80 intestinal genetic markers and could show changes in the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence, epithelial permeability and mucus production when fish were fed with plant-based diets alone. Most of these were returned to normal when sodium butyrate was added to the diet.

The research was published in the scientific journal PLOS ONE, (http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166564).

The team’s next steps will be to investigate if the benefits of the butyrate supplement can also be found in the protein and bacteria composition found in the digestive system. It will be a big challenge to understand how these functional features are modified by genetic and epigenetic factors and an important step towards establishing gilthead sea bream as a powerful model for the development of sustainable and healthy fish feeds.

Other expected outcomes from the AQUAEXCEL2020 project are, for example, standardised protocols for fish experiments,

NAIK Pond-in-pond system, Hungary ©NAIK HAKI

60 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Fish eggs ©INRA PEIMA

allowing high quality experimental designs and repeatability, including trait definitions, experimental conditions and procedures. The project is also developing innovative biosensors for monitoring the physiological status of fish in a minimal invasive manner. “FishBIT” is a new way to monitor fish health, welfare and nutritional condition via biosensors (to watch the video, visit www.aquaexcel2020.eu/media-centre/media). The project also plans to assemble catalogues of fish lines that are available for transnational access, with reference phenotypic and genomic information. Definition of common standards and data interoperability across research infrastructures will foster collaborative activities, including with two infrastructures of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI).

An integrated portal providing one-stop information about, and access to all aquaculture facilities in Europe is available through the project’s website at www.aquaexcel2020.eu and will be continuously updated. Aquaculture facilities who would like to be included in this unique aquaculture research infrastructure directory, in the form of an interactive map, should visit the project website and register. The interactive map is a powerful tool to identify aquaculture facilities, genetic and human resources and to promote mutual collaboration.

AQUAEXCEL2020 is eager to contribute to educating a new generation of aquaculture researchers and industry stakeholders to use their new knowledge, skills and tools to advance an innovative, sustainable aquaculture sector. Nine unique state-ofthe-art training courses, three of them held as distance learning courses, are being offered between April 2016 and September

Sole breeders at AquaCOV facilities at IEO, Spain ©IEO

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STRONG ENOUGH TO FACE EVERYTHING! In the lab at INRA PEIMA, France ©INRA PEIMA

Sampling at ULPGC, Spain ©ULPGC

2020, and are open for anyone interested. Registration and course fee for participants are covered by the AQUAEXCEL2020 project.

Knowledge management plays a pivotal role in successful innovation. Therefore, AQUAEXCEL2020 has set up an innovative knowledge management protocol to ensure that all new knowledge will be transferred to relevant end users, facilitating the integration of new discoveries to the advancement of the European aquaculture sector. Researchers within the project and users of the transnational access (TNA) program are requested to describe their research results, together with their applications and anticipated impact. After consultation with aquaculture industry experts, the knowledge generated through the AQUAEXCEL2020 project and its TNA programme will be transferred to relevant industry stakeholders.

We cannot predict which innovations will come out of AQUAEXCEL2020 and its TNA programme, but we look forward to finding out. By establishing a facility within the project that aims at maximizing the possibilities for new knowledge to be translated into innovation, the possibilities for success are substantially increased. This brings us one step closer to our goal of supporting the sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector in Europe.

The AQUAEXCEL2020 consortium comprises 22 partners based in 12 European countries, who are considered leaders in their respective domains of expertise, offering access to 39 top-level aquaculture facilities in Europe.

The project will run for five years from 2015 to 2020, with a total budget of €9.7 million funded by the European Union.

The project is coordinated by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) in France.

Dr Marc Vandeputte, AQUAEXCEL2020 project coordinator, is a researcher in fish genetics and coordinates aquaculture research at INRA. Ranked the number one agricultural institute in Europe and number two in the world, INRA carries out mission-oriented research for high-quality and healthy foods, competitive and sustainable agriculture and a preserved and valorised environment. In aquaculture, INRA has internationally recognized teams in fish physiology, nutrition, genetics and pathology.

AquaTT is the project dissemination partner. www.aquaexcel2020.eu

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MILLS FIGHT AGAINST PATHOGEN MICROORGANISMS

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Above: Microbiological test to compare the new material (right) and the wood multilayer (left).

by Simona Digiuni, PhD - Postdoctoral Researcher at the Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Parma, Italy and Emanuele Bigna, Plant Production Manager and R&D Manager, Ocrim s.p.a, Italy hen cereals arrive to the milling plant, they carry a series of contaminations that can be divided into three main classes: physical, chemical and biological. The third class of biological contaminations may contain human pathogen microorganisms like E.coli, Salmonella and mycotoxin producing fungi. These organisms are naturally present in the environment where the cereals grow and several factors can increase their concentration leading to a threat to human health.

The first step of the milling process is actually the elimination of these contaminations. The cleaning of cereal prior to milling is therefore an essential step of the flour production. In time, many machines have been developed to remove physical contaminations from cereals like stones and straws or other biological contaminants like insects and seeds from other plants.

However, when it comes to microorganisms, due to their size, it is more difficult to detect and remove them. Moreover, as said before, the amount of microorganisms on the surface of the cereals can differ between batches. This phenomenon can lead to cross contamination effects inside the mill, because it is impossible to clean the plant every time a new lot is used.

How to solve contamination

The problem of microorganism contamination can be approached from different angles. One is to remove them mechanically from the surface by peeling or debranning during the cleaning. Another method is to reduce drastically their number with high temperature, chemicals (e.g. ozone, chlorine) or irradiation at different stages of the milling process. The third approach is to reduce cross contaminations by avoiding the formation of new source of inoculation in the mill. The R&D team of OCRIM, in collaboration with the University of Parma, has investigated the last one in order to develop an innovative product for the mill.

The 70 years of experience in building and maintaining mills all over the world have shown OCRIM that certain spots in the mill create an optimal environment for mould formation. Although in theory, the water activity in the milling plant is not optimal for the growth of microorganisms, certain conditions may create ideal microenvironments for their development. The objective 62 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

of the R&D team was to counteract the formation of these microenvironments thus block mould formation and bacterial propagation.

In the food industry, the use of materials with antimicrobial characteristics in strategic zones of the plants is largely diffused (e.g. packaging area). Thus, the idea was to transfer this technology to the flour milling industry. This research first identified the plansifters as one of the areas of the mill where microorganisms can develop and contaminate new batches of flour. This contamination can occur for a long period of time, until the growing moulds are physically removed from the machines. Therefore, OCRIM considered the possibility to build sieves containing an antimicrobial compound that could prevent mould and bacterial formation. A fundamental step of the research was to find the appropriate material to build the sieves that bring together antimicrobial activity and three others main features: compatibility with food usage, durability and mechanical reliability.

OCRIM R&D team succeeded in finding a new composite material certified as food grade that contains an antimicrobial ingredient that can be used in milling plants. This substance is trapped inside the material; therefore, the antimicrobial is not released in the flour during sifting. This has the great advantage that it will not interfere with the rheological and backing characteristics of the flour. Nonetheless, the antimicrobial is active on the surface of the sieves blocking the development of moulds and bacteria in the plansifter. Moreover, having a component that is incorporated in the material gives the benefit that it does not consume over time and the antimicrobial effect is present and stable for the whole life of the sieves.

Human health

This new material is also certified to be active against major human pathogens like Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus, according to the modified AATCC 100 method. To test the activity range of the compound, OCRIM performed ISO 16869:2008 and ISO 846:1997 methods. The results show that the new material has a fungistatic effect and that microorganisms are not able to grow on it. Therefore, the new sieves are able to stop bacteria and mould growth inside the plansifters.

In the mill plant, stopping mould proliferation is fundamental for human health. In fact mycotoxins producing fungi are also present on cereals. The development of these microorganisms can lead to the productions of the toxins and subsequent release them

F in the flour. So mould contamination, for instance in plansifters, can become a source of mycotoxin contaminations. To be sure that the new material is effective also against these pathogens, the team repeated the ISO 16869:2008 and ISO 846:1997 tests using the strains of Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Penicilium verrucosum; three fungi that are able to produce aflatoxins B1 and G1, DON, ZEN and ochratoxin A respectively.

This new material is active against all of them; therefore, the sieves are creating a hostile environment against a wide spectrum of microorganisms including the ones that can produce dangerous mycotoxins.

This research also aimed to compare the new material with the old ones used in plansifters. Traditionally sieves are built in wood, but wood can be a substrate for microorganism growth.

Therefore, the same ISO tests were performed using round samples of multilayer wood and composite material placed on a substrate containing a mixture of bacteria and fungi. As shown in the image (microbiological test), after two weeks of incubation microorganisms are growing around and on top of the wood sample (black dots on the left). This demonstrates that if the microenvironment is optimal, microorganisms can develop on a wood surface. In contrast, in the same experiment performed with the new material, there is no growth (picture on the right). This indicates once again that even when the conditions are optimal, the antimicrobial material is able to stop the proliferation of bacteria and fungi. Accordingly, the substitution of the old sieves with the new antimicrobial ones can increase the mill’s barriers against the contamination of microorganisms.

At last, the R&D team tested the mechanical characteristics of this composite material and its suitability to build sieves. Several tests performed in different milling plants showed that the new

New antimicrobial sieve designed by OCRIM

sieves with antimicrobial activity are reliable and resistant. They are confirmed to be used in the stressful settings of the plansifters.

Furthermore, the new material combined with new technological knowhow allows OCRIM to be flexible and build sieves in different forms and for different machines. This would consent any plant to upgrade with the new antimicrobial sieves.

The study conducted in collaboration with the University of Parma has led OCRIM to develop a new product that aims to minimize the formation of new sources of contamination inside the mill and avoid phenomena of cross-contaminations between different batches of cereals. The new antimicrobial sieves are able to block bacterial and mould proliferations, without altering the flour characteristics while maintaining a high quality standard.

OCRIM is actually using this new antimicrobial composite material to produce sieves for plansifters, but further research is aimed to utilize this technology in other strategic areas of the milling plant in order to increase the barriers against pathogen microorganisms from the inside of the mill.

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IMPROVING SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY WHEN BUILDING OR REFURBISHING MARINE GRAIN TERMINALS

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Oleg Gaponyuk, PhD in Technical Sciences, “Grain Capital – Engineering”, LLC Director ver the past few decades, Ukrainian grain export has increased by 77 percent.

Ukraine has become the third biggest exporter of grain in the world (more than 35 million tons) and now surpasses Canada, Brazil and Argentine.

Grain logistics predestined the building of marine grain terminals, as these are essential key points of the Ukrainian grain market.

The majority of grain flows are aimed at highly productive, technologically advanced, reliable and safe marine terminals with reasonable prices for transhipment.

“Grain Capital” group of companies with the help of Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, have successfully performed an operational analysis of the entire inlet technological process system, as well as grain handling, storage and dispatching processes to guarantee high quality of grain materials and the lowest possible energy cost. Issues concerning lowering the environmental pollution level and ecological safety are also addressed.

Issues concerning lowering the environmental pollution level and maximising ecological safety are also addressed.

Grain yielding quality

Damaging grain during handling is one of the most important factors in grain- quality lowering prevention.

According to grain area enterprise analysis, corn grain shattering increases by between 4.3 and 6.5 percent for mass activity transport processing lines manufactured in the 1980s and 1990s. While more modern highly productive equipment with the capacity of 500-1000 tonnes per hour can reduce transhipping damage to between two and four percent.

This can happen due to technological processes rules violation.

According to the research results, corn seeds breakage is defined by speed of grain flow and slowdown barrier interaction.

That is why the location of the slowdown barriers is defined by the intersection of maximum transportation speed and ejection pressure suppressing.

64 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Decrease of grain breakage in grain flow is achieved by addressing the following issues: • Grain drying with the appropriate intensity (not more than five percent in one cycle) • Transport length reduction • Using technical means to lower grain and transport tools that impact speed • Minimisation of chain conveyors and bucket elevators in transport processing lines • Using grain movement speed brakes in gravity equipment and silos • Gradual speed regimes of lines, chains and bucket movement • Optimise geometry of bucket elevator inlet and discharge junction points, bulk trays and conveyor discharge boxes Our specialists together with Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies have developed execution modes and constructive parameters for equipment in highly productive transport processing lines that are recommended for use at acceptance, storage, handling and discharging.

Experience of technological and technical solutions used in the erection and reconstruction of marine grain terminals confirms possible grain breaking decreases by two or three times.

Energy efficiency

An energy audit of Odessa, Illichivsk and Nikolaev seaport terminals has shown basic problems of irrational energy spending.

Enterprises are divided into three groups according to their energy usage and efficiency: E-3- High; Lower than 1.5kW hour/tonne E-2- Medium; 1.5kW – 4.5kW hour/tonne E-1- Low; More than 4.5kW hour/tonne The E-3 energy efficiency class is achieved in two stages that take place during seaport terminals projecting and utilising.

We can make effective layout solutions, shorten itineraries and equipment numbers, we can use energy effective equipment and mechanisms all whilst projecting. At the utilising stage, minimising marine grain terminal energy consumption is related to remote automated control systems and work efficiency.

The E-3 energy efficiency class also includes full

F Chart 1. Grain breaking measures taking Area name

Average increase of corn grain breaking (at the condition of rational technology and technic using)* Standard transport processing line Absolute value

% in total breaking growth at the enterprise

Innovative transport processing line Absolute value

% in total breaking growth at the enterprise

From

To

Gravity transport

0.4

0.7

14.0

0.1

0.3

23.0

Receiving from motor transport

0.3

0.5

10.0

0.0

0.1

7.0

Receiving from carriages

0.4

0.6

12.0

0.1

0.2

14.0

Transloading points

1.0

1.7

33.0

0.0

0.1

4.0

Containers

0.2

0.3

6.0

0.1

0.2

15.0

Bucket elevators

0.4

0.6

12.0

0.1

0.3

21.0

Reservoirs (warehouses, silos)

0.4

0.7

13.0

0.1

0.2

16.0

Total:

3.0

5.0

100.0

0.5

1.5

100.0

*statistical data with metering errors influence exclusion

synchronisation of technological transport and supplying system terminals.

You can expect from a marine grain terminal automation: • Full grain itineraries control and monitoring inside the elevator • Synchronising of loading and discharging from automobile, railway, marine and river transport

• Gravity transport conveyors, shutters, reversing gate and distributors operation, and ensuring their compliance with technical parameters • Operating associated aspiration systems • Equipment data collecting, control and processing • Emergency cases and parameters deviation from technological process diagnosis with alarm initiation and informing about the type of defect • Actions prevent unapproved blocking of equipment or itinerary stoppage • Engine load current and flow rate are controlled to prevent emergencies and ensure maximum productivity of transporting equipment • Control of product availability in grain tanks and silos Preventing grain crops mixing • Reflecting technological parameters in different logical forms • Taking a record of enterprise operation Distributed equipment from Siemans and Pheonex Contact (Germany) is widely used to collect data from remote equipment.

If it is necessary, we can use wireless Phoenex Contact and Weidmueller equipment. This leads to lowering of up to 30 percent of cabling and wiring usage.

Connections between automation equipment are set via ProfiNet protocol using fibrotic cable. A superordinate control level can be formed via a server-client structure and can work in hot standby mode, which leads to system reliability increases. New system architecture is designed in a way that means different mechanism malfunctions don’t lead to a malfuncation of the whole control system.

Module construction technology, simple editing mode and using open industrial protocols OPC and Profinet, let us easily modernise a system and add new elements to cover new production

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F Attribute

ZEO-BE bucket elevator equipped with Smart-elevator system

Existing constructions

1

10

Number of unplanned maintenance stops

0

3

Energy intensity for moving a ton of product, kWt/t

Number of emergency stops

0.12

0.165

Unplanned repairing spendings, grn per 20 000 tons

0

4500

Standing time spendings

0

12 000

elimination of emergency situations.

Safety

areas. Software applied lets us simply, quickly and without heavy spending implement all automation systems. All the components are easily applied and support all standard interfaces.

Automation is performed utilising Siemans, Weidmuller, Ritton, Eldon and Wohner, to guarantee high quality and reliability.

Existing solutions ensure energetic efficiency of marine grain terminals within 1.5 to 2.5kW tonne/hour that corresponds to the level of terminals in the EU, USA and Canada.

Reliability

Marine grain terminal reliability is guaranteed through the utilisation of reliable equipment and effective methods of transport processing lines.

The second task is performed by utilising a smart elevator system, it is created to control and adjust the quality of these technological processes, energetic spending in the online mode, as well as for transport processing lines self-diagnosis: • The most important equipment units’ technical states control that excludes a human factor • Transportation process control and managing; the system conveys the information about the transport processing lines’ technical state and warns when it is necessary for maintenance engineers to respond • Appropriate functioning modes and energetic spending optimisation along with complying to all the necessary technical parameters • Creating requirements and a schedule for maintenance and control A smart elevator consists of a number of testing devices and a logical module. At the first stage the elevator performs a regular data collection for transport processing lines at the main junctions. It includes the state of: • The operating devices • Swing joints • Driving mechanisms • Dust and air mixture concentration within the equipment body and externally • Transport processing line capacity Utilising a created system ensures reliable work with full 66 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

The main safety problems include: • Diversity and significant fluctuations in dust intensity (volume of dust and air mixture and excessive pressure changes between two to five times) • Lack of managing separate gear and dust suppressing systems of an enterprise All of the above mentioned issues are addressed during the creation of a new system aimed specifically at dust elimination.

Conversely, traditional systems of aspiration are aimed at dealing with the consequences.

• The system consists of three levels of ecological defence: • Ejecting the sources of dust suppression • Pressure seal aimed at moving air and dust mixtures into damper covers and dust sources parameter stabilisation • Creating effective management systems for aeration units of a new local distributed type Utilising a new type of process, installed in local aspiration, ensures a predefined capacity for air curtains along the grain transporting system. Here, every aspiration junction impacts not just a separate dust source but the whole system.

Grain terminal aeration complex is a ‘smart’ system of aspiration, based on aeromechanical modelling of air and dust environments using models of dust sources at de-dusting junctions.

Aspiration junctions work in synchronisation and lead to: • Increases of the dust increasing efficiency from 60 to 99 percent • Decreasing energy expenditure by 1.5 to three times Removes dust stuck in air transfer ducts The results of aspiration system work are new functions for management systems including: thunderstorm sensing mode, ecologically clean elevator, enterprise working: environment parameters stabilisation and a diagnosis system with the functions of data storage and transference. Utilising this system leads to simplifying of control and emergency case prevention as well as the increase of local aspiration junctions and aeration equipment durability.

Conclusion

To conclude, we would to emphasis the necessity to strike a balance between the following parameters when projecting and/ or building a marine grain terminal: • Technological lines processing capacity • Complying with export standards and soft grain processing regimes • Energy efficiency per tonne of grain • Ecological safety demands and explosion protection standards • Technological equipment reliability and durability

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Flour milling requires control of the protein and moisture content of wheat

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by Phillip Clancy, Next Instruments, Australia lour milling requires control of the protein and moisture content of wheat.

Traditionally, samples of wheat are collected from each truckload and decisions are made to segregate the wheat into low, medium and high protein silos.

These grab samples do not necessarily reflect the protein variation within the truck or railcar loads. As such, a Manildra Flour Mill, Narrandera, NSW installed a CropScan 3000S In Line Whole Grain Analyser (fig 1 and 2) to measure protein and moisture in wheat at the in-take elevator of the mill.

A calibration was developed by collecting spectral data from daily intake loads over several weeks. Having a good range of samples with low to high protein and moisture values and different varieties helped to develop a robust calibration that predicts accurately in the future. To validate the CropScan 3000S, calibration for wheat samples from many weeks were compared to the flourmillâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s laboratory NIR analyser. This study compares the protein and moisture in wheat as analysed by the CropScan 3000S In Line Whole Grain Analyser with the flourmillsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; bench top NIR analyser.

Instrumentation

The CropScan 3000S In Line Whole Grain Analyser uses a remote sampling head to trap a sample of grain taken from the in-take elevator at approximately 11-second intervals before returning the grain to a conveyer belt. Light from a tungsten halogen reflector lamp is passed through the trapped sample of grain. A fiber optic cable collects the light that passes through the grain sample and transmits the NIR light back to the CropScan 3000S NIT spectrometer located in a Nema IV enclosure that is mounted on the wall near the in-take elevator.

The CropScan 3000S uses a diode array spectrometer (fig 3) to scan the wavelength region 720-1100nm. Within this region of the NIR spectrum, protein (N-H bonds) and water (O-H bonds) absorb NIR light. The amount of light absorbed at the resonant frequencies for protein and moisture are proportional to the concentrations. Calibration models stored in the CropScan 68 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Figure 3: Schematic of the CropScan 3000S Diode Array Detector System

Figure 4: Plot of NIR Spectra for Wheat

Figure 5: Calibration plot for protein. The Standard Error of Calibration (SEC) was 0.25% with a correlation (R2) of 0.97.

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Figure 6: Calibration plot for moisture. The Standard Error of Calibration (SEC) was 0.2% with a correlation (R2) of 0.96.

3000Sâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s computer are applied to the NIR spectrum such that the protein and moisture contents are measured every 11 seconds.

The results are displayed as the individual and averaged protein and moisture values for each load received by the mill on a PC located in the millâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s laboratory.

Calibration

380 truckloads of wheat were speared and a 500ml sub sample was collected and analysed using the Foss Infratec 1214 NIR Analyser. Each truckload of wheat was emptied into the in-take elevator. The CropScan 3000S In Line Whole Grain Analyser scanned sub samples from the in-take elevator every 11 seconds or 0.35 Tonne of grain loaded into the mill. The spectral data from the CropScan 3000S were averaged for each load, Figure 4. The lab data were collected from the Infratec 1241 and combined with the CropScan spectral file. A Partial Least Squares

Figure 1: CropScan 3000S In Line Whole Grain Analyser

Regression was performed on the combined calibration file using NTAS (NIR Technology Analysis Software) to develop calibration models for protein and moisture. Figures 5 and 6 show the calibration plots and statistics for protein and moisture.

Prediction

82 truckloads of wheat were measured over two weeks to check for accuracy and stability of the calibration models developed above. The table below shows the average protein and moisture results from the CropScan 3000S versus the average results from the laboratory NIR analyser.

Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 69

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Figure 7 & 8: Protein and Moisture Plots: CropScan 3000S vs Lab NIR

Figure 2. CropScan 3000S In Line Whole Grain Analyser

Figures 7 and 8 show plots and graphs comparing the results from the CropScan 3000S In Line Whole Grain Analyser versus the flourmillâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s laboratory analyser. The correlation between the CropScan 3000S and the laboratory NIR analyser is R2 = 0.968 for Protein and R2 = 0.929 for Moisture. Figures 9 and 10 show the Trend Plots for Protein and Moisture. The Trend Plots demonstrate how consistent the data is between the in line analyser and the laboratory analyser.

Daily Data

Having established that the CropScan 3000S provide consistent and reliable measurements for protein and moisture for the incoming wheat, the system was then used continuously for six months to monitor the intake wheat stream. A typical daily wheat intake record is recorded in our data. These trend plots for protein and moisture show the measurement of approximately 19 truckloads across a day, ie, April 14th, 2015. The range of proteins across the 19 truckloads varied from 9 to 14.5 percent and the moisture varied from 8 to 11 percent.

Other data shows the same trend plots with a moving average of five readings. The moving average smooths the plots and makes it easier to see systematic changes rather than random changes.

Since an objective of the Manildra Flourmill was to see how much variation existed with each load.

The CropScan 3000S showed loads where the protein results are consistent throughout the truck and shows loads where the protein results shift as the load is emptied. The sample spear provides an average across the truckload however the in line measurement provides data that could be used to divert the high protein grain to achieve better segregation.

The CropScan 3000S showed the trend plot of an early load where the protein varies from 14.5 percent at the start of the load and 12.8 percent at the end of the load.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the CropScan 3000S In Line Whole Grain Analyser provides a means of continuously and accurately monitoring protein and moisture as truckloads are received into this flourmill. The system has now been operating 70 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Figure 9 & 10: Protein and Moisture Trend Plots: CropScan 3000S vs Lab NIR

for 10 months and has made over 500,000 measurements without any down time. Daily maintenance requires that the sampling head be blown out with an air hose. More spectra data and lab data have been added to the calibration models over the 10 months.

Manildra evaluated several in line NIR measurement systems along with the CropScan 3000S. The CropScan 3000S scored a 91.56 out of 100 by Manildra based on accuracy, reliability, user friendliness, service provided and price. The report includes a comment in reference to all the systems evaluated, â&#x20AC;&#x153;The most economic unit gets the most points and the most expensive unit the lowest.â&#x20AC;?

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The potential of NIR to measure reactive lysine

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by Sophie Brown, AB Vista, UK

ysine is an essential amino acid for poultry and swine, meaning it cannot be produced via transamination and must be supplied to the animal through dietary intake. Lysine is usually a limiting amino acid if not supplemented in synthetic form, and due to its high concentration in tissue deposition, formulation of diets for amino acid requirements often relies upon ratios between lysine and all other amino acids. The total lysine that has been measured in the raw material or finished feed is not a measure of the bioavailability to the animal; this only comes with measuring the performance response to lysine in animal trials.

Apparent ileal digestibility gives a measurement of the apparent disappearance of lysine in the small intestine. Standardised ileal digestibility, which accounts for basal endogenous losses, is widely accepted as the most advanced method for quantification of the dietary-origin amino acids digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Synthetic lysine is often added to diets, based on price, to supply animal requirements.

The Maillard Reaction

Reducing sugars are able to bind to free amino groups found on amino acids, especially the Îľ-amino group found on lysine. This is known as the Maillard reaction and results in the production of modified lysine, such as Amadori and Maillard products, including furosine and carboxymethyl-lysine (see Figure 1).

The Maillard reaction is an irreversible reaction, which makes the lysine unavailable for digestion.

Reactive lysine, the lysine that has not undergone the Maillard reaction and is metabolisable, can be described as unmodified lysine which possesses 74 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

a free side chain amino group and can be either free or protein bound.

In the past, reactive lysine has been called a number of names including chemically reactive lysine, chemically available lysine, available lysine and total available lysine. Measuring total lysine in feeds involves the acid hydrolysis of the proteins present; during hydrolysis some of the damaged lysine can be released and analysed as lysine. However, as discussed above, this lysine is not available to be metabolised by the animal. To identify the lysine that can be both digested and metabolised by the animal, ileal digestible reactive lysine must be determined.

The effect of processing on lysine

Protein rich feedstuffs are often subjected to heat processing before inclusion in monogastric diets. During heat processing, cooking and long-term storage at ambient temperature, the Îľ-amino group of lysine can react with other compounds including reducing sugars, fats and their oxidation products, polyphenols, vitamins and other amino acids. Processing is associated with increased levels of the Maillard products, furosine and carboxymethyl-lysine, as well as increased levels of lysinoalanine, a cross-linked amino acid that occurs due to heat treatment in soybean meal and canola meal. As such, measuring the content of reactive lysine as a percentage of total lysine of a raw material can act as a measure of heat damage during processing.

Attempts have been made to understand the effects of heat treatment on the reactive lysine using autoclaving. In a study by

Figure 1: Maillard reaction of protein bound lysine with glucose. Adapted from Rutherford, 2015

Table 1. The influence of further processing (95oC steam treatment in the presence of lignosulfonate for 30 min) on the SBM and RSM content of total lysine and reactive lysine.

Kim and Mullan (2012), the effect of autoclaving on the reactive lysine content of soybean meal was investigated. A soybean meal sample was subject to increasing autoclaving time (0-30 minutes with increments of 5 minutes, 135oC). The results showed a strong correlation between autoclaving time and reactive lysine content (see Figure 2).

Digestible reactive lysine

Whilst reactive lysine is a measure of heat damage, standardised ileal digestible (SID) reactive lysine is a measure of the proportion of the lysine that will be bioavailable to the animal. The same study by Kim and Millen (2012) found that with autoclaving treatment the content of SID reactive lysine is also reduced (see Figure 3).

Determining reactive lysine and SID reactive lysine Reactive lysine can be determined by a number of wet chemistry methods including fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB), guanidination, dye-binding, trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid, sodium brorohydride and furosine methods. The most common methods used are the guanidination, furosine and FDNB methods.

Measurements of digestible reactive lysine are obtained through taking ileal samples from pigs fed diets containing a marker.

Standardised ileal digestibility of reactive lysine is calculated taking into account endogenous and feed associated ileal reactive lysine flows. NIR calibrations can be developed for reactive lysine content of raw materials using any of the above methods as a reference and NIR calibrations for SID reactive lysine can be developed using in vivo animal work.

When evaluating the amount of reactive lysine in feedstuffs as a measure of heat damage, it is important to consider reactive lysine as a proportion of total lysine (analysable modified plus

Standard Further SBM processed (A) SBM (B)

D (AB)

Standard Further CM (C) processed CM (D)

D (CD)

Total lysine (%)

3.4

2.4

1.0

2.1

1.6

0.5

Reactive lysine (%)

3.2

1.9

1.3

1.9

1.2

0.7

Table 2. Performance in pigs fed from 15.6 to 41.3 kg LW with semi-purified diets based on standard or further heat processed (95oC, 30 min) soyabean (SBM) or canola meal (CM).

SBM

pSBM

pSBM + AA

CM

pCM

pCM + AA

ADFI (g/d)

1138a

1130a,b

1115b

1117b

124a,b

1139a

ADG (g/d)

637a

432c

612a

542b

449c

555b

G:F (g/g)

0.56a

0.38c

0.55a

0.49b

0.40c

0.49b

39d

57a

39d

44c

52b

45c

Days to slaughter

unmodified lysine). Total lysine must also be considered when measuring reactive lysine because, if the total lysine were low, then it would be expected that the reactive lysine would also be low.

Nutritional value of reactive lysine

Recent work at Wageningen University looked at the effect of further heat processing (toasting at 95oC for 30 min) on the composition and nutritive value of soyabean meal and canola meal. This further processing reduced the analysed contents of both total and reactive lysine in both feedstuffs (Table 1).

When semi-purified diets, with these feedstuffs as the only protein source, were fed to growing pigs, further heat processing was shown to decrease animal performance (see Table 2). When

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Figure 2: Correlation between autoclaving time and total and reactive lysine content of a soybean meal sample.

Figure 4: Distribution of reactive (% total lysine) for global soybean meal samples as predicted by NIR (n=8400).

Figure 3: The effect of increasing autoclaving time on SID total and reactive lysine contents of soybean meal.

Figure 5: Distribution of reactive (% of total lysine) for global canola meal samples as predicted by NIR (n=800).

diets including processed SBM and RSM were supplemented with crystalline AA to meet 90 percent of the SID lysine requirements, the performance depression was counter-acted (see Table 2).

Global NIR predicted data from 2016 Soybean Meal

Using an NIR calibration, the reactive lysine content (as percentage of total lysine) was analysed in global soybean meal samples. The majority of global soybean meal samples surveyed, had a reactive lysine percentage of above 72.5 percent. However, as can be seen in Figure 4, there were also some samples that had as low as 65 percent reactive lysine.

Canola Meal

The reactive lysine content of global rapeseed meal samples (as percentage of total lysine) was also analysed using an NIR calibration. The majority of canola meal samples had a reactive as percentage total lysine value of above 81 percent with some outliers higher and some lower than this (see Figure 5).

76 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Summary

Reactive lysine, the portion of lysine that is chemically intact following heat treatment and SID reactive lysine, a measure of the lysine that will be bioavailable to the animal, are both vulnerable to heat processing. As such, it is interesting to analyse the reactive lysine and SID reactive lysine content of oilseed meals. NIR calibrations for reactive lysine and SID reactive lysine offer the ability to analyse larger numbers of samples due to economic savings on analysis costs.

Until such time that it is possible to formulate diets to reactive lysine requirements, there are still significant benefits of understanding the reactive lysine content of protein sources.

Published research has shown the potential implications on animal performance of feeding diets containing oil seed meals with reduced reactive lysine content, including negative effects on average daily gain, gain to feed ratio and days to slaughter.

The reactive lysine content of global soybean meal and canola meal samples has the potential to be variable due to differences in processing and indeed is variable in global samples. NIR allows for the rapid and cost effective analysis of reactive lysine content and gives the opportunity to better understand the variation found in processed oilseed meals.

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In-depth: Grain load assessments for silos

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Dr. Ing. Carlos Gonzalez Montellano, Technical Department, Bentall Rowlands Storage Systems

rain storage at an industrial level is usually synonymous with steel circular silos made of corrugated wall sheets with vertical stiffeners all around the silo.

Bentall Rowlands, UK based silo manufacturer has been dedicated to this task for the last 50 years.

One of the first steps required in silo design is the estimation of the pressures exerted by the stored material. This is one of the key factors in silo design, as it will definitively impact the amount of steel required to build the silo and, eventually, the silo cost.

There are mainly two alternative design procedures generally accepted in the market. The first one is based on the North American code ANSI/ASAE EP 433 “Loads Exerted by FreeFlowing Grain on Bins.” This code has traditionally been the most common method used for decades and generally widely accepted, even outside the US. The second method has only been on stage for the last two decades and is based on the European code “EN 1991-4: Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 4: Silos and tanks”, an evolution of the former German code DIN 1055. There is still a lot of expectation and interest on why pressures based on EN 1991-4 seem to be bigger than those based on ANSI/ASAE EP 433 (See Figure 1), even when the stored

78 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

material and the silo dimensions are supposed to be the same. To provide an answer to this question, this article analyses the main differences between these two procedures.

Silo Classification

Both codes classify the silos according to their slenderness λ, and different design considerations are used depending on that classification. In the case of ANSI/ASAE EP 433, silos are divided into Funnel Flow (λ<2) and Plug Flow silos (λ≥2). In the case of EN 1991-1-4, silos are divided into Slender Silos (λ≥2),

Figure 1. Discharge normal pressure (ph) (left) and vertical frictional force (Fw) (right) for a silo of 32 m diameter storing wheat.

Intermediate Slenderness Silos (1<λ<2) and Squat silos (λ≤1).

Additionally, EN 1991-1-4 classifies the silos in three different classes according to their size. Each of these classes is considered to have different reliability of the structural arrangement and different susceptibility to different failure modes. Based on this classification, a different level of rigour is required by EN 1991-1-4 when it comes to the load assessment. A higher rigour normally results in higher pressure values.

Table 1: Material properties for wheat used in EN 1991-1-4 and ANSI/ASAE EP 433 ((1)Note: The value of μ in EN 1991-1-4 is provided for a wall typeD4 with aw = 0.2)

Bulk Density (kg/m3) Lateral Pressure Ratio (K) (kN) Wall Friction Coefficient (μ)

EN 1991-1-4

ANSI /ASAE EP 433

918.4

834

0.48-0.60

0.5

0.47-0.62 (1)

0.37

Equations Used

There are two main and well-known theoretical procedures that exist for the estimation of the pressures acting on the silo wall: Janssen’s equation and Reimbert’s equation. These equations provide a reference grain pressure at each location of the silo wall, which eventually will be modified to account for more complex effects.

In the case of ANSI/ASAE EP 433, Janssen’s equation is always used regardless of the silo slenderness. On the other hand, EN 1991-1-4 uses Janssen’s equation for slender silos (λ≥2) and Reimbert’s equation for all other cases. The latter is considered to better represent the shape of the pressure distribution in the case of silos with low values of slenderness.

Material Parameters

Wheat is in many cases the reference material used for the design of a grain silo, as it is supposed to represent the worstcase scenario for a wide range of grains. The table below shows a comparison between the material properties proposed by ANSI/ ASAE EP 433 and EN 1991-1-4 for wheat. Note; in the case of EN 1991-1-4, material properties are given as a statistical range so that grain pressures of each kind are calculated for that

extreme value that results in a higher-pressure value.

Difference in bulk density value is moderate (10 percent bigger in case of EN 1991-1-4) but bigger differences are found in the lateral pressure ratio (K) (20 %) and, more intensely, in the wall friction coefficient (μ) (67 %). Differences in the material properties values are, at a great extent, the main responsibility for the eventual differences in grain pressure obtained from the two procedures.

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Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 79

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Discharge Factors

Final silo design is normally driven by the values of the dynamic grain loads acting on the silo wall during silo discharge. The dynamic value of the grain pressures are usually obtained by increasing the reference pressure value by means of discharge (or dynamic) factors (Ch). Figure 2 shows a comparison of the discharge factor to be applied on the reference normal pressure for both methodologies.

Discharge coefficient used in ANSI/ASAE EP 433 for silo slenderness λ >2 (Ch = 1.4) is bigger than that in EN 1991-4 (Ch = 1-1.15). This somehow compensates the lower values of the material properties in ANSI/ASAE EP 443. However, in all other cases, discharge factors used in EN 1991-4 are equal (λ <1) or bigger (1< λ<2) than those used in ANSI/ ASAE EP 433, which intensifies the differences between both procedures. This is particularly important within the industrial sector, as most of the silos used here have slenderness of λ < 2.

80 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Patch Load

Eurocode EN 1991-4 considers an additional pressure distribution (termed “Patch Load”) that needs to be added to the symmetrical pressure distribution given by Janssen’s or Reimbert’s equations. This “Patch Load” is expected to represent accidental (unexpected) asymmetries or eccentricities produced during the loading/unloading processes or uncontrolled structural imperfections of the silo wall. For that, the “patch load” is considered to be a non-symmetrical pressure distribution that can be applied anywhere in the silo wall. Multiple locations must be explored to identify the worst location that ensures an adequate structural behaviour. In the case of ANSI/ASAE EP 433, no special consideration is included.

So which procedure is best?

In this article, the main differences between EN 1991-4 and ANSI/ASAE EP 433 have been highlighted. These differences explain why pressures obtained from EN 1991-4 are, for a given stored material type and silo dimension and in general terms, bigger than those calculated using ANSI/ASAE EP 433.

The factor that mostly contributes to the overall difference in the pressure values (and eventually to the final silo cost) is generally the difference in the material properties values considered in both procedures.

At this point, several questions arise as to which procedure should be used in silo design. Is ANSI/ASAE EP 433 accurate enough to ensure a safe structural design for grain silos? Or is EN 1991-4 a very conservative procedure that simply provides a much higher safety margin in the design? Or is EN 1991-4 better for some cases and ANSI/ASAE EP 433 for others?

EN 1991-4 is supposed to be based on most recent advances provided by researchers in the last decades and might be seen as a more accurate method. However, ANSI /ASAE has been extensively used during decades and all over the world, with no particular failures being observed that could be attributed to the design method. To date, no clear answer seems to have been found and probably only time will provide one. But one thing is true: ANSI/ASAE will continue to be accepted in most countries worldwide, whereas EN 1991-4 will remain as the mandatory norm within the European Union.

Bentall Rowlands Storage Systems is one of the world‘s leading CE Certified, UK manufacturers in grain storage systems. We have vast experience in silo design according to ANSI/ASAE EP 433 and EN 1991-4 and we are flexible enough to provide a solution that better meets the customer’s needs. We are also able to easily produce any kind of technical documentation to demonstrate compliance to those codes.

Additionally, Bentall Rowlands is flexible enough to adapt our designs and calculations to meet the environmental conditions (snow, wind, seismic activity) required by any local code anywhere in the world. www.bentallrowlands.com

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STORAGE EQUIPMENT How to ensure accurate grain level measurement with grain applications, Hycontrol engineers have found ccuracy, repeatability to TDR guided wave radar units to be more suitable and reliability are and more reliable than competing technologies for essential concepts this product. in the field of level VF04 TDR gauge TDR Technology control. Without Originally developed for detecting breaks ensuring these key in subsea cables, TDR (Time Domain requirements are Reflectometry) technology has proven to met by whichever be a powerful tool for level monitoring and level monitoring control. The TDR unit is mounted on top of equipment is being deployed, producers risk the storage vessel with a probe guide (usually a running out of product (leading to production cable or rod) hanging down inside the vessel. During stoppages and downtime) or, worse, overfilling operation, micro-pulses are transmitted along a probe their storage vessels (with the risk of product loss, guide. The pulse travels at close to the speed of light, pollution and costly clean-ups). This is as true in the and when it hits the grain surface much of the energy storage of grain as it is in the storage of cement, sand, is reflected back to the electronics module on top of the sugar, or anything else from a long list of bulk products. vessel. Working on the principle of ‘time-of-flight’ this It is therefore in the best interest of site operators and information is then converted to provide readings of the producers to firstly know how their grain will behave in level, distance or volume, depending upon what is required the storage vessel, and secondly to utilise quality, up-toby the site operators. date level monitoring equipment.

The advantages of choosing TDR for grain measurement Achieving accuracy and repeatability applications are numerous. Whereas many non-contact The first step in establishing an accurate and repeatable level measurement technologies can be disrupted by dust level measurement output on a grain storage vessel inside the vessel and provide false readings, TDR remains is through the positioning of the level probe itself, unaffected by dust, coating or changes in temperature. It is specifically in relation to the fill point. Assuming there is durable and reliable, and largely immune to the issues of a single, centrally-located, fixed fill point, solid material mechanical wear and tear that affect pulley-based systems being fed into the vessel – in this case, grain – will behave and other older contact technologies. Above all, TDR in a fairly predictable manner, coming to rest in a conical technology offers a high degree of repeatable accuracy for pile that peaks beneath the fill point. The so-called ‘angle solid products and should require only periodic routine of repose’ (the slope of the pile when the falling product calibration and cleaning. has come to rest) will vary according to the properties of With the launch of the new VF04 TDR gauge, Hycontrol the product and the size of the vessel but should be around has produced a compact, durable TDR unit ideally suited 45°. Similarly, when the grain is drained from below one to the needs of the milling and grain industry. With a can expect to see a similar depression forming. variety of probe types offering a measurement range of up Of course, there are many factors that will have an effect to 24 metres and accuracy of +/- 5 mm, this two-wire loop on the behaviour of the product in the vessel, including its powered unit has been designed for simple installation density, the shape of the vessel, variances in the pressure and can be retrofitted to existing process connections. at which the product is blown in, and so on. That said The unit can be easily configured on-site using the plugthe use of simple geometry would provide a useful guide in LCD programming and display unit; information can for positioning a level probe so that it can take a reliable then be piped to a central site PLC via the 4-20mA or HART average of the grain cone height within the vessel. outputs. Alternatively, a HART programmer or a computer with Hycontrol engineers, drawing on the company’s extensive appropriate PC software can be used to remotely programme the experience in the level measurement field, recommend mounting unit. continuous measurement probes at a position approximately Many grain industry applications will be in designated 2/3rd radius of the vessel away from the product peak position hazardous areas, and accordingly, the VF04 is available with that forms after a fill. Even in vessels that experience constant ATEX Ex ia options. For level monitoring in production filling and draining, this provides a reliable indication of the processes, there are also high-temperature models and coated content level to users. Please note that behaviour of product in cables for measuring more aggressive products. Besides grain vessels with multiple fill and drainage points is often harder and other similar solid products such as flakes and powders, the to predict, which may adversely affect contents measurement VF04 TDR can also be used with liquids, slurries and pastes. accuracy. Consultation with an experienced level measurement Through the deployment of well-positioned, well-chosen company is therefore advised. level measurement technology, site operators and management As previously mentioned, the correct selection of technology can be confident in the accuracy and reliability of their level is equally as important as the positioning of the probe. Anyone measurement readouts. This, in turn, will help to ensure with even a cursory knowledge of level measurement and control continued production efficiency and more importantly will assist equipment would agree that that the variety of options available in the prevention of costly incidents in grain storage vessels. can appear overwhelming. Therefore it is wise to draw on the experience of industry veterans. In over three decades of dealing www.hycontrol.com

82 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

STORAGE

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STORAGE NEWS Sealing your grain’s future tephen Blakemore, Manager of Denny’s Silos and Grain Handling, which became part of Satake in July 2015, solidifies the importance of sealable silos within a world that relies so heavily on grain for sustenance.

Today, healthy produce has become a ‘hot topic’ and vital business matter for many silo and grain manufacturing companies who pride themselves on producing quality products that are free from pest infection. To ensure their grain is free from pests and remains at a high-level of quality, companies such as Denny’s Silos have constructed silos in a way that enables fumigation.

When reading information from the Grain’s Research and Development Corporation (GDRC) it becomes clear that there is a major difference between Australian standards on a sealed silo compared to the GDRC’s recommended time for fumigation of between 10-17 days. The Australian standards AS2628 were developed to form a common definition of a gas-type, sealable

Stephen Blakemore, Manager of Denny’s Engineering and Welding Pty, Australia talks to Milling and Grain silo that is suitable for fumigation. For a silo to meet the AS2628 it must perform a five minute, half-life pressure test.

As someone who manages a company that has been in operation for over sixty years and has constantly invested in improving its products through design and innovation along with extensive testing, I now view the Australian standard AS2628 as a bare minimum. In response to this opinion I believe there should be an industry sealable rating system. The purpose of this system would be to continually improve and meet the market’s expectations on sealable silos.

Personally, I see the importance of higher sealable silo ratings directly corresponding with better fumigation outcomes. From a manufacturing perspective, this would allow the market to better protect grain quality when stored in a silo for an extended period.

I feel the industry requires a regulating body to implement and enforce a sealable silo rating system. This system would ensure manufacturers that meet each stage are rewarded through industry acknowledgement. This in turn would enable customers to have access to the rating of each manufacturer, allowing them to accurately differentiate between suppliers.

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84 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Industry Profile

Sukup Europe: Expansion from Iowa, US to Denmark, Europe

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n 2015, Sheffield, Iowa based company Sukup Manufacturing Co. consolidated its operations with the acquisition of Danish company Dan-Corn A/S, and now can enjoy an increased and profitable global market share. Milling & Grain recently visited their new Danish operation to discover why this is a landmark event for both companies and the wider industry.

“We are looking forward to continued growth with DanCorn and the expanding opportunities in protecting grain and increasing profit for farmers,” commented Charles Sukup, President of Sukup Manufacturing Co. Amongst their portfolio of engineering and manufacturing, Sukup Manufacturing Co. can take pride in being one of the top grain bin companies in the US. They have expanded at a higher rate than their competitors, growing over eight times since 2002, and the secret of its success are strong core values. The company is family owned, with three generations involved in all aspects of the business for over 50 years.

A glance at Sukup’s innovative catalogue is impressive. For example, they have produced AutoCAD/Google Sketchup designs for the planning of new facilities and then set these onto Google Earth.

This brings many improvements for customers as they can see live how the plans will look. There is also a strong history of servicing, which makes them a reliable and capable company, and inspires customer trust. At the last count, Sukup were responsible for 3,300 silo sites around Europe.

Sukup manufacture and maintain among many product also drying bins. They are air dispersed which means they benefit from more efficiency with special floor design and vertical lifting augers (stirring system). They are also responsible for an innovative Vacuum cooling system, used on there mobile- stack- and tower-dryers. Sukup Europe 86 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

have unified their facility to a warehouses and assembly workshops.

This gives not just “pluck and play” supply but also all-round supply from there 11.000 m² large warehouse facility.

With special attention afforded to their products during the project handling and construction process, they utilize safety approved erection teams to ensure everything works as expected for the costumer.Indeed, Sukup products are sold throughout the U.S. and Canada, as well as in over 80 foreign countries.

The company has also taken time to give back to those in need.

Following Hurricane Matthew in 2016, Sukup donated over 200 ‘Safe T Home’ grain bins to Haiti as a means of temporary housing and shelter. Emily Schmitt, corporate counsel and third generation Sukup family member said, “In this day and age where you usually have to dig through financial disclosures to see where your charitable contributions are going, it is refreshing to know that our Safe T Homes and GoServ Global are truly saving lives. It only encourages us to further expand our efforts, and next time we hope it can save even more.”

DanCorn were the distributor of Sukup products in Europe and is located in Hedensted, Denmark. This facilitated and encouraged the merger as Managing Director, Jens Erik Iversen commented, “We represent Sukup on the European market and therefore it is quite natural that we have a name change.” The company changed its legal name to Sukup Europe A/S on the 1st November 2015, and everything went smoothly.

The DanCorn-Sukup Europe relationship started in the 1990’s when the Danish company began importing driers and silos from America and augers from Canada. The deal for an undisclosed amount initiated a huge positive change for Dancorn and enabled them to share knowledge and patents in addition to a much larger business opportunity.

Jens Erik Iversen went on further to say, “The operation and life of the organization will run largely unchanged. We continue to be a full-line supplier of equipment for grain storage, handling and drying and we will operate in the same way as before and support our large European dealer network.”

The Danish acquisition has also helped native companies expand their operations. Upon Milling and Grain’s visit to Denmark, we also

witnessed first-hand just how the merger is benefitting the industry.

Christian Christensen, CEO of Hornsyld Købmandsgaard explained that the collaboration of Sukup Europe A/S has enabled them to diversify their portfolio into animal feed, lumber, grain and petroleum based products and by-products.

We did also see an organic farm, which has six, 400 tonne silos, all direct from the Sukup Europe. These have revolutionized their processes and products. Further silos can be found just outside of Hedensted, which is right on Sukup-Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s doorstep.

Jens Erik explained that these green coloured silos allow them to

safely navigate European building regulations as they blend into the natural environment. However the benefit is not just cosmetic. The green layering is made from a power coding on top of the galvanization with the highest quality materials and makes the silos very hard wearing against the harsh weather of Denmark. In some cases, these silos have to withstand winter temperatures of below 20 degrees Celsius so their durability and structural integrity are paramount.

Sukup Europe A/S business model is impressive and the company look set to move forward in the future, building a strong, expanding presence both in the U.S. and in the world market.

Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 87

CASE STUDY

Investment made in contamination-free Z-CONVEYOR

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Koudijs Animal Nutrition has invested in the new contamination-free Z-Conveyor produced by Poeth.

he conveyor enables the complete unloading of light, fine premix powders.

So this product is a fitting addition to Koudijs who produce animal feed, concentrates and premixes exclusively for (inter) national compound feed producers.

For the exclusive premium piglet feed factory in Andel it is an important investment, specifically for the premium piglet feed factory where everything revolves around predictability reproducibility and quality. Every grain, kilogramme and tonne of feed must be homogeneous and of exactly the required composition and in addition to this produced time and again in precisely the same hygienic way.

Empty tanks, silos and transport systems prevent carryover

Piglets have a sensitive digestive tract, which is still fully in the development phase; they also eat differently to older pigs. The factory in is based on a number of crucial production factors that fulfil very specifically the feed requirements of young piglets.

These factors focus on creating a constant taste and homogenous composition of every grain and every batch of feed and on achieving a high level of hygiene to prevent infections and allergies in young animals. The factory therefore has a very strict policy for the storage, handling and dosing of raw materials. This means that tanks and silos are always first completely emptied and thoroughly cleaned before being filled with new stocks to prevent carry-over.

Light powders are more difficult to empty when using traditional bucket elevators

A bucket elevator system is ideally suited to the vertical transport of fragile products. With these systems buckets transported on 88 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

a belt or chain scoop dry raw materials from the elevator base (supply point). At the height of the unloading point, the product is thrown powerfully out of the buckets by centrifugal force. To throw products out of the buckets a certain distance, raw materials need to be of a minimum weight. This means that light, fine powders are often not thrown far enough out of the buckets and via the transport shaft end up back in the elevator base. This results in loss of capacity and contamination in the elevator base. Moreover, in order for traditional bucket elevator systems to operate well a small space between the buckets and the elevator base is needed; because of this gap after every batch a relatively large quantity of product remains behind in the base.

The complete emptying of transport systems is one of the main conditions for efficient and contamination-free processing of powders, grains and granular materials. In particular with the transport of light, fine powders the complete emptying of transport systems is easier said than done. For this reason the new conveyor minimises the amount of light powders left behind in transport systems and optimises production capacity. An additional advantage is the low energy consumption.

The traditional bucket elevator system that transported the light, fine premix powders was a point in need of attention. This transport system where buckets are moved forward on a belt or chain works best with products with a minimal weight. Using centrifugal force products are then thrown out of the buckets with good results, however in practice it was found that these powders did not weigh enough. Consequently product residues were always left behind in the traditional bucket elevator. These residues fell back into the elevator base via the elevator shaft, thus limiting production capacity. In addition, the problem resulted in timeconsuming cleaning work after every product change.

Dust-free, hygienic transport thanks to completely sealed housing

The Z-Conveyor was specially developed for the hygienic transport of light, fine powders in the vertical, diagonal or horizontal direction. The innovative transport system consists of plastic flights that move forward on a chain within an enclosed trough. It was also developed for the hygienic transport of light, fine powders in the same directions. This innovative transport

CASE STUDY F system consists of plastic flights that move forward on a chain within an enclosed trough and at the unloading point “fall” gently out of the transport system. The flights are hermetically sealed with the transport shaft and base minimising the amount of product remaining behind or falling back into the transport system. Meaning the product is suitable for the complete emptying of transport systems without capacity loss or contamination.

The flights are hermetically sealed with the transport shaft and base and this minimises the amount of product remaining behind or falling back. This means it is suitable for the complete emptying of transport systems without the risk of carry-over or contamination. For the Z-Conveyor Poeth invested in its own test facility with a height of 9 metres. Here it simulates practical situations, carries out closed loop endurance tests and tests the products of clients for, for example, sensitivity to damage, capacity, clogging and wear on the system. These tests provide certainty in advance and the opportunity to measure results and refine techniques.

High capacity and explosion safety as additional advantages

The conveyors speeds are < 1 m/s, meaning the risk of explosion is eliminated; this means that costly investment in ATEX-compliant safety systems is not needed with this type of conveyor. The design means that it has a high loading capacity (45 m3 to 220 m3 per hour).

Operational safety starts with innovative thinking.

Long-term success

This new piglet feed-factory has been in operation since 2014. After two years’ practical experience the balance sheet is very positive and confirms the results of the previous study. Compound feed producers throughout the whole of Europe are now supplied by Andel and are producing healthier, better performing modern piglets at a competitive cost price. www.poeth.nl

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Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 89

28-03-17 08:55

MARKETS OUTLOOK CROP CUTS WON’T END PLENTIFUL WHEAT... BUT IT MAY COST A BIT MORE THIS YEAR

by John Buckley

The EU was one major area that fared less well with the weather last year, seeing a 10.7 percent drop in average yields, outweighing a one percent increase in harvested area for a 144.7m tonnes total wheat crop after two previous years of 160m tonnes harvested.

The supply reaction to low prices we highlighted in our last review seems to be taking on more shape and substance as further key producing countries signal probable lower new crops in 2017. The US it seems may be experiencing a far bigger cutback than expected earlier this year – perhaps 20 percent rather than 10 percent on a combination of much lower winter-sown acreage, a likely retreat in yields from last year’s high levels (they were up 20 percent on the year before) and a probable fall in planted acreage for spring wheat crops too. The yield swing is the biggest factor in this potential crop fall from almost 63m to just 50m tonnes and, of course, it may not drop as much as allowed for in the US Agriculture Department’s preliminary forecasts. Still, it is an early pointer to sellers’ caution, especially as most of the drop is expected to take place in the hard red winter bread-wheat that forms the largest share of US exports.

Canada’s wheat acreage is only expected to pull back by about one percent, although it could be more if farmers swing more land to a key competing crop – rapeseed/canola – that is in ever tightening supply in Canada itself, in Europe and in big consuming centers like China. But again, Canada could see a far bigger hit on yields which soared by over 14 percent last year to an unusually high 3.57 ton/ha. That easily eclipsed a seven percent drop in harvest area to generate a larger-than-expected 31.7m-ton crop.

This year, Canadian government officials think, yields were reverting to more normal levels and the crop will be back to around 29m.

Australia’s official statistical body Abares has meanwhile just released an early view of its crop (yet to be planted and not harvested until end-2017). Like Canada, it is expected to see a mere one percent cut in sowings in response to low prices but a far bigger fall in yields. Thanks to an unusually mild, damp and long growing period, these rocketed by over 43 percent last year to 2.7 tonnes/ha, delivery a 35m-ton crop. That was easily the best Australia ever achieved – up almost 9m tonnes from the previous year’s ‘normal’ level of about 24m. Abares thinks that will also revert in 2017, resulting in the crop retreating back to 24m. Or, if the El Nino weather cycle is returning (current odds 50/50, possibly rising), a re-run of the dry conditions typically associated with this phenomenon and a sub-24m – maybe even sub-20m tone crop. Farmers in New South Wales and Queensland are reported to be already concerned about a long dry, hot period so far this year that could cause problems for sowing as it starts to move across the continent in a few months’ time.

Also ‘down south,’ another contributor to this season’s huge world wheat surplus, is Argentina which not only boosted its wheat area last year by 24 percent but managed to raise yields by 14 percent for a 42 percent increase in its crop to a near record 16m tonnes. The Argentine wheat industry is still responding to a freer trade environment that came in under its last change of government to a more ‘business-friendly’ one. At this stage, there is no reason to think farmers will pull back. They will probably continue to use more inputs and providing the weather cooperates, the country should maintain its return to the front rank of world wheat exporters.

Moving back up here to Europe, the EU was one major area that fared less well with the weather last year, seeing a 10.7 percent drop in average yields, outweighing a one percent increase in harvested area for a 144.7m tonnes total wheat crop after two previous years of 160m tonnes harvested.

The EU is also expected to benefit from a more normal (less wet) summer and the Commission has recently released a forecast for the 2017 soft milling wheat crop of 143m tonnes- up 6.5 percent (134.3m). The UN Food & Agriculture Organization meanwhile sees Europe’s total wheat crop recovering at a slightly slower pace at 150m tonnes.

90 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

The former Soviet countries also contributed to abundant wheat supplies this season, especially Russia which produced a near (post-Soviet) record 72.5m tonnes – a huge increase on the previous season’s 61.4m after raising both sown area and yields.

Ukraine isn’t expected to sow much more this year but Russia seems to be still in expansionary mode and the FAO’s early forecast is for a rise to another new record of 74m tonnes.

Outside of these big exporting regions, two others that have key influence are the largest (single country) wheat producers China and India. China’s sowings and yields tend to change less from year to year. Its 2016 crop was lower but the difference was easily absorbed by its vast national stockpiles. The FAO thinks China will harvest a bit more for 2017 which, if yields stay stable. That suggests a fairly neutral contribution from this country beyond its normal requirement of a few million tonnes of higher quality wheat imports to blend up a better grade of flour from its mostly bland domestic wheat crops.

India is a much harder call. Last year, its government estimated the crop at a bumper 93.2m, while the trade said 80m to 85m tonnes. As the government was forced to raid its domestic security stocks to keep mills fed, then when these started to look riskily low, turned to imports of between 5m and 6m tonnes, a crop toward the lower end figures began to look a bit more realistic. A similar situation – a sort of reverse ‘cry wolf’ seems to be developing this year. The government says the crop can reach a new record 96.6m tonnes but the trade thinks that is again over-rated. This, in theory, should become clearer quite quickly as the harvest starts in April, sometimes a little earlier. However, that did not happen last year, leading to trade criticism of the government’s reliability. So it is possible, India’s crop could again under-perform, leading to further large imports – though on current market talk – probably more like 2m to 3m tonnes than last year’s 5/6m.

Adding it all up, the FAO sees the next global wheat crop (and it is only a preliminary guess) around the 745m tonnes level – about 1.8 percent under this year’s versus consumption plus 1.1 percent (led by wheat feeding). That’s not the sort of change that moves markets, especially when the size of this season’s expected carryover (surplus) stock is added onto the equation. The USDA has this at record 250m tonnes versus the previous year’s 240m and the previous three-year average of only 197m (the low point of which was 2012/13’s 178m tonnes).

Despite these seemingly calming figures going on and on into the currently foreseen future, the wheat market has been looking quite excitable recently. The bellwether Chicago soft red winter contract, for example, rocketed at one stage as high as $4.64/ bu (about $170.50/tonnes) which was its highest since mid-2016 and a full 25 percent higher than its late 2016 lows (equivalent $136.50). The CBOT rise – along with a weak euro and an unexpectedly durable EU export campaign (in the face of lower crop and strong overseas competition) has been trading around levels not beaten since December 2015.

As competition between the main exporters – especially Australia, Russia, Argentina, Europe and the US – has intensified recently, world export prides have been starting to look a bit top heavy. The CBOT contract has also retreated closer to the $150’s but it remains frisky.

There are three main reasons for the recent price strength.

Firstly, markets are probably still wary after the sheer scale of 92 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

the (prospective) US crop decline alongside those other cuts projected for Canada and Australia. That caution has been encouraged too by some unhelpful weather – drought in the US Plains, the after-effects of earlier droughts in India, incipient drought in eastern Australia, some changeable weather in Europe and the CIS countries, possibly raising risks to barely dormant winter wheat.

Secondly, global wheat import trade has been very active – even at a time when prices have been rising (perhaps because of fears that prices may rise further still?). We note that the USDA – which reviews the global cereal markets e4ach month, has just raised its own forecast for world wheat trade to yet another new high of 180m tonnes. That’s the latest in a whole series of upgrades from the mere 164/165m tonnes which it expected when the season started in the summer of last year.

Thirdly, and potentially as influential as any of these factors is the shift of mood among the ‘outside’ investment community – the speculative/hedge funds. These went through a period of rebuilding ‘long’ bets on prices rising across crop commodity futures markets in the first couple of months of this year – perhaps reasoning that prices had gone low enough to reduce the risk of their investments devaluing. Funds also tend to be quite reactive to crop weather stories that make easy sensational

headlines. There is also a tendency toward ‘herd instinct’ when prices do start responding to weather (or the fund interest itself – which can often become a self-fuelling prophecy, albeit usually only for a limited timespan).

Given that its surpluses have been well publicized, the funds have not been big investors in wheat but they have gone long on hard red winter futures and cut shorts or sold positions on CBOT soft wheat. And the impression lingers that they stand ready to cash in and help facilitate a bull market if prices do start to move more decisively upward.

So what do the futures hold for wheat this month? The answer is a strong premium on the price going forward- in market parlance a contango or carrying payment. For those selling cash/ spot soft wheat for immediate delivery the rate is just $153/ tonnes. Go forward to last quarter 2017 and that jumps to $176/ tonnes. For harvest 2018, an even better $185.50 and for those taking the long view July 2019 is offering $198/tonnes (all prices converted from cents/bu CBOT quotes).

These prices, for the US or any other farmer in the developed world are hardly stellar. But for the consumer they project a trend that says costs up 15 percent by end year, plus 21 percent by next summer. The EU futures market on the other hand has just closed out its current March position at €167.5/ tone, which goes up to €172 for May, €178 for May 2018 and €183 for May 2019. For the consumer, it’s a less inflationary outlook than that portrayed on the more speculative US markets – and futures ‘price revelation’ can often prove way out. Nonetheless, these markets are generally held to attract and reflect the broadest pool of information from the widest sources so the fact that they are pointing ‘North’ should at least be borne in mind – and monitored by food and feed grain consumers going forward.

more than about 4 percent.

Again, like wheat, maize prices had a very firm spell in February, when they too reached 7½-month highs after the USDA revealed its estimate of US 2017 plantings at 90m acres – a four million acre drop – about 4.3 percent - on last year’s area, if still over the 88m planted in 2015.

Assuming, as USDA does that yield returns from last year’s very high 174.6 bu/acre to the longer term trend-line level of 170.7, that equates to a crop this summer of just over 14bn bushels – about 358m tonnes versus this season’s 385m.

Even if US maize consumption stayed at this season’s level (domestic plus exports) of 371m tonnes, that would imply some stock drawdown. US exports might struggle to hold this season’s 56.5m tonnes (their highest level in several years) as the Latin American crop shortfalls that fuelled that trend turn back into bigger exportable surpluses. US domestic use could improve on

Coarse grains Maize costs are also tipped to increase over the year or two ahead but at a slower pace than that of wheat. The cash market in Chicago at time of going to press was at the equivalent of $139/tonnes rising by end-year to $150, July next year $157.50, peaking in July 2019 around $162, gains of 8 percent to 16 percent.

On the Paris corn futures market the increase from current month right through to mid-2018 is no 93 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

the ethanol front, possible feed too. So the stock drawdown might be greater, say more than 15m tonnes. However, this would be from a high start point of almost 59m tonnes, double the level of three years ago and almost triple that of 2012/13 season.

That cannot be taken for granted at this early stage, however.

US plantings might be below 90m acres; Yield could fall short of 170bpa; demand could be under or over-rated.

The run-up in the market-leading US corn futures ran out of steam in March after the USDA also released some new monthly world crop estimates. Chief change amongst these was a 5m-tone hike in Brazil’s production forecast to 91m tonnes – a full 24.5m tonnes bigger than last year’s weather-reduced harvest there.

That doesn’t translate to extra export supplies as Brazil’s stocks were run down to unusually low levels last year when farmers tried to cash in on their weak currency (raising their income in export dollars from corn), despite having a much smaller than expected – and smaller than usual crop. Nonetheless, Brazilian new crop supplies – now being harvested - will be flowing for a bit longer than expected a couple of months ago. The USDA also added 1m tonnes to Argentina’s crop estimate, 1.5m to India’s and 1.6m to South Africa’s crop, putting world corn production 11m tonnes higher than it expected in January at 1.05 bn tonnes.

The total world corn consumption forecast for 2016/17 season was also boosted by 10m tonnes over the last two months but remained about 10m below the production figure above – so world corn stocks will keep rising to a new peak of 221m tonnes.

That’s 87m tonnes or two thirds more than was carried over in 2012/13 – a still rather bearish scenario for prices.

After a couple of disappointing crops, it will be interesting to see if the EU can regain a higher level of production in 2017. EU corn consumption has been lower in the past two seasons than in the previous two while heavy dependence on imports has not stopped carryover stocks declining.

EU harvested corn area dropped by about 8 percent last year.

Even if that were not all put back, a return of yields to 2015 level could bump the crop back up from 60m to around 68/69m tonnes.

Clearly, the market needs to see what will be planted this spring – in the US, in Europe east and West – and that may depend as much on the weather as on farmers’ intentions. It is well known, for example, that US producers tend, once they’ve started, to keep on sowing corn if the weather is favorable.

Proteins - record US plantings drive cheaper soya Two developments have propelled soya markets on a weaker trend in recent weeks. First was the USDA’s preliminary forecast for US 2017 sowings of 88m acres – a 5.5 percent increase on last year’s 83.4m and far over just 82.7m sown in 2015.

USDA is estimating 2017 trend-line yield at 48 bu/acre versus last year’s record 52 bu, implying a crop of over 4.1m bu (about 111.5m tonnes) versus last year’s 117m. So, perhaps 6m tonnes less production – but 6.5m tonnes of extra carryover stock from last year’s gigantic crop.

The second factor has been the USDA’s uprating of Latin American supply. Argentina’s crop has been trimmed by 1.5m tonnes after flood damage, Brazil’s has been raised by 4m to a new record 108m (versus last year’s 96.5m and the previous record, in 2015, of 97.2m tonnes).

The Latam crops are now mostly ‘made’ and on their way to 94 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

markets. The US forecast remains, like that of corn, at the behest of spring planting and summer growing weather but until or unless adverse conditions crop up, this is the plan the markets must work to.

It has already brought the benchmark CBOT soya futures contract down below the psychologically key $10/bushel level (about $367/ tonnes) and, unlike the corn and wheat futures markets; soya is not showing any meaningful forward premium on its price.

These events are helping to keep meal prices in check, in dollar terms at least, demanding similar restraint across the oil meal protein sector.

Among the other major items, rapeseed’s contribution to supplies looks like remaining fairly tight for a second year running, based on stagnating world production, tightening EU supplies and declining world stocks. Recent official forecasts for this year’s Canadian plantings are up by about 19 percent on the year but yields are expected to ease back from the relatively high 2016 level, leaving the crop at similar levels. Canadian government body AAFC sees exports trade similar in 2017/18 to this year’s and crush up marginally, keeping stocks down.

A recent EU forecast for the 2017 crop from French analyst Strategie Grains was 500,000 tonnes smaller than a previous estimate and at 21.6m is similar to earlier trade forecasts for little on-year change. Rapeseed stocks are expected to fall most in Europe and China, reaching levels that leave this market more exposed than usual to weather risks for the 2017 crop.

World sunflower production has been estimated to rise almost 11 percent this season to a new record 44.8m tonnes, encouraged by growing demand for its primary crush product, sunflower oil. That larger crush does, however, mean more sunflower meal availability. Ukraine has made the biggest contribution to larger world supply.

Industry events APRIL nn 10 - 12/04/17 - AQUAME

United Arab Emirates WEB: aqua-middleeast.com

nn 10 - 14/04/17 - 121ST IAOM ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPO USA WEB: iaom.info IAOMillers iaomevp

n 19 - 21/04/17 - SEAFOOD EXPO NORTH AMERICA USA WEB: seafoodexpo.com

nn 20-21/04/17 - GLOBAL MILLERS’ SYMPOSIUM 2017 Germany WEB: global-millers-symposium.com

n 21 – 23/04/17 - 16TH INTERNATIONAL RICEGRAIN PRO TECH EXPO India www.indiariceexpo.com

nn 10 - 14/04/17 - 121ST IAOM ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPO

VIV Turkey 2017 The world’s largest poultry event is due to take place on July 6-8,2017, at the Istanbul Expo Centre in Halls 9-11.

VIV Turkey 2017 is currently the world’s largest event aimed specifically at the poultry business, a factor contributing the excitement building in the industry as the event creeps closer.

Top-level buyers from around the globe as well as most of the world’s suppliers to the poultry business are all keen to be part of the event. This level of interest means that already 90 percent of the available floor space has already been filled; leaving only 300-400 square meters remaining. Four months before the show opens and more than 500 companies from more than 25 countries have booked stand space at the event. In terms of net space this means that 15,000 square meters have been booked, this will be an impressive sight to many of the exhibitors who are joining the show for the first time.

The trade show brings together all the leading industry players including: poultry breeding and equipment, meat industry and equipment, meat products, feed production and supplements, feeders & mixers, veterinary ınstruments, medicines, budding and biological products, diagnostic laboratories, genetics and registration,

USA WEB: iaom.info IAOMillers iaomevp

nn 20-21/04/17 - GLOBAL MILLERS’ SYMPOSIUM 2017 Germany WEB: global-millers-symposium.com

n 21 – 23/04/17 - 16TH INTERNATIONAL RICEGRAIN PRO TECH EXPO India www.indiariceexpo.com

n 04 - 07/05/17

IDMA 2017 Turkey WEB: idma.com.tr idmaexhibition idmaexhibition /in/idma-exhibition-a0886a77?

MAY n 17 - 19/05/17 - INDOLIVESTOCK Indonesia WEB: indolivestock.com

packaging and logistics, animal health, hygiene, cleaning and sanitation systems, farm buildings and equipment, consultancy service, trucks, commercial vehicles, poultry breeding unions, associations and cooperatives, industry related banks and Insurance Companies - for 3 days of business discussions and networking.

Alongside the trade show VIV Turkey will feature conferences, these will examine relevant issues and topics that can be changedrivers for success in the poultry industry in the region. It will also offer a variety of side-events and entertainment making the whole time a memorable experience.

Registrations to the show are now open, to process these please find full information including its list of exhibitors and a floor plan, details on travel and accommodation, a comprehensive destination guide to Istanbul, visa requirements, event features and more, at www.vivturkey.com.

96 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

New event

13 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 14

JUNE

2017 . KOELNMESSE, COLOGNE, GERMANY

FVG Select 2017 is a new event which will be organized by Victam International BV. The event will focus on a series of high quality industry conferences and matchmaking with colleagues and clients in the animal feed processing, grain processing, ingredients & additives, aquafeed, petfood and biomass pelleting industries.

The event will be complemented by an industry expo for a select group of companies.

THE CONFERENCES AND DELEGATE PROFILES Tuesday 13th June

Wednesday 14th June

1. PETFOOD FORUM EUROPE Production technology and specialist ingredients for dry petfoods.

Organizer: WATT Global Media Delegate profile: CEOs, directors, mill and plant managers, head and senior nutritionists, formulators from dry petfood production plants.

1. FIAAP ANIMAL NUTRITION The use of specialist additives and ingredients used within the production of animal feeds.

Organizer: WATT Global Media Delegate profile: Head and senior nutritionists, feed formulators, CEOs, directors, mill and plant managers from commercial feed production plants, integrators, specialist feed producers, etc.

2. THE GLOBAL MILLING CONFERENCE WITH GRAPAS Processing technology and additives used within flour milling and grain processing.

Organizer: Perendale Publishing Delegate profile: CEOs, directors, mill and plant managers, nutritionists from flour mill, rice mills and grain processing plants.

3. VICTAM FEED PROCESSING CONFERENCE Production technology and equipment used within the animal feed production processes.

Organizer: Wageningen University and IFF Delegate profile: CEOs, directors, mill and plant managers, head and senior nutritionists, feed formulators from commercial feed production plants, integrators, etc.

A cocktail party on the evening of Tuesday 13th June will be organised for exhibitors and delegates.

2. AQUAFEED HORIZONS Production technology and specialist ingredients for aquaculture feeds.

Organizer: Aquafeed.com Delegate profile: CEOs, directors, mill and plant managers, head and senior nutritionists, feed formulators, integrators, specialist aquaculture feed producers, etc.

3. BIOMASS PELLETING Production technology for the pelleting of bio-degradable materials for biomass pellets.

Organizer: AEBIOM (The European Biomass Association) Delegate profile: CEOs, directors, mill and plant managers from biomass pelleting plants.

A fee of â&#x201A;Ź95 per person (valid for two days) will be charged to each individual attending the event, both exhibitors and visitors, and includes lunch, two coffee and tea breaks a day, the cocktail party and access to our matchmaking service. A separate fee will be charged for each conference.

More details can be found on our website.

THE INDUSTRY EXPO

EVENT ORGANIZERS

There will be 9m2 and 18m2 standard shell scheme booths available during the two day event. The expo will take place in the adjoining hall to the conference rooms and will also be the venue for all the refreshments.

Victam International BV P.O. Box 197, 3860 AD Nijkerk, The Netherlands T: +31 33 246 4404 F: +31 33 246 4706 E: expo@victam.com

www.fvg-select.com

Industry events

Record numbers at GEAPS

E

xchange 2017 saw record numbers of attendees and exhibitors as 3,589 attended the GEAPS’ 88th International Technical Conference and Exposition in Kansas City.

With 438 exhibitors the event featured 270,000 square feet of space in the Expo Hall, and over 40 hours of education. GEAPS International President Marcus Neal, Lansing Trade Group, was impressed with several outcomes from the conference.

He commented, “Exchange 2017 was a terrific success on many fronts. The record breaking Expo is very exciting because it shows that suppliers are finding credible leads and returning year after year, and attendees are finding equipment and solutions to improve operations at their facilities. We saw terrific attendance at our education sessions. This event also provides an opportunity for GEAPS leaders to meet and make connections with grain companies, and learn how we can refine our programs to provide more value to the grain industry.”

Record setting year in the expo hall GEAPS Associates Board President Colin McClure, PMI Nebraska, said the growth is due in part to companies realising the array of opportunities presented at the conference.

He remarked, “The Exchange offers a lot of opportunities to see decision makers. The Expo puts your products in the best place for industry operations people can see them. There are also a number of opportunities to form and reinforce business relationships at the networking events.”

Cheryl Lansink, Comco, said one of the biggest reasons for the growth in the Expo in recent year is the variety of equipment companies are bringing.

She explained, “Exhibitors have been bringing more equipment in the past few years, and that has led to companies sending more operations people to attend the Expo.”

She continues, “Attendees are able to see and interact with more equipment. You can learn a lot more about suppliers at the Expo than you can on the Internet.”

Ms Lansink also said more companies are also bringing additional booth workers to meet attendees in the Expo Hall and added that Comco expanded from a 10-foot by 10-foot booth to a 10 foot by 20-foot booth. They also brought five workers this year to speak with attendees more efficiently, after brining two in past years.

GEAPS bestows Corbett and Industry Leader Awards Three outstanding leaders were recognised during the President’s Banquet Tuesday night.

Deb Good, Brock Grain Systems, Cornbelt Chapter, received the Corbett Award, while Jim Coder, Control Stuff Inc, Minneapolis, and Wayne Bauer, Star of the West Milling, were honoured with Industry Leader awards.

Other outstanding members recognised GEAPS recognised outstanding individuals and companies that won annual Safety Awards during the GEAPS celebration Sunday morning.

Please see the following news releases on the GEAPS website: • 2016 Credential Earners • 2016 Safety Award Winners • 25-Year Members • 40-Year Members • Chapter Members of Distinction • Chapter Cup and Outstanding Chapter Award winners GEAPS Foundation Raises Nearly $3,000 in Kansas City GEAPS hosted a barbecue extravaganza to raise funds for the GEAPS Foundation. In all, 190 plates of food were purchased along with beer, soda and water to raise $2,882 for the Foundation. In addition to the barbecue, corporate donors to the GEAPS Foundation Professional Development Program Endowment fund were recognised in the GEAPS booth, and each company received a sign recognising their contribution for their booth.

“Facing the future together – Unlocking the potential of animal nutrition” Registration is now open for the June congress of Fefac and the V Animal Nutrition Congress.

From June 8-9, 2017, the XXVIII Congress will be held in Cordoba, Spain.

The event will respectively represent the European and Andalusian animal feed industry.

The conference with the theme “Facing the future together - Unlocking the potential of animal nutrition”, features high-ranking speakers from national and international level.

100 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

On 8 June, European Commissioner for Agriculture & Rural Development, Mr Phil Hogan, will deliver a key note speech on the competitiveness of the EU animal production sector in the light of CAP post 2020 negotiations.

The Spanish Minister for Agriculture and Environment, Mrs Isabel Tejerina, and the Portuguese Minister for Agriculture, Mr Luis Capoulos Santos, are confirmed as speakers in the opening session.

For the 2nd session on AMR, Speakers

from the European Commission, Spanish competent authorities and feed industry will address the role of animal nutrition in bringing down antimicrobial resistance.

The final session of the 1st day will focus on the importance of public communication and how the public perception of the livestock sector could be changed.

On 9 June, the fourth session of the conference welcomes speakers from DG ENVI, MAPAMA and the food and feed industry who will discuss the importance of the Circular Economy and resource efficiency in the feed chain, and the production of sustainable raw materials.

FEFAC and AFACA expect about 550 congress delegates. www.fefac.eu

PLANÈTE ÉLEVAGE RENNES PLANET LIVESTOCK FRANCE PLANÈTE ÉLEVAGE RENNES RENNES PLANET 12-15 PLANÈTE LIVESTOCK ÉLEVAGE September FRANCE RENNES PLANET LIVESTOCK FRANCE PLANET LIVESTOCK FRANCE RENNES FRANCE RENNES FRANCE

More than 1.400 exhibitors (1/3rd international)

More than 100.000 trade visitors,

An exhibit area of 156.000 sqm.

380 journalists, including 98 international.

700 animals on show.

Free farm visits program.

in 11 halls and 250 booths outdoors.

including 12.000 international.

SPACE 2016 figures

INTERNATIONAL VISITORS,

e.fr

pre-register on: www.spac

SPACE: THAT THE EXPO PLETE COM OFFERS A RODUCTS P F RANGE O ES FOR ALL IC AND SERV : POULTRY, S R O T SEC ), AIRY, BEEF (D E L CATT D EEP AN SWINE, SH S. RABBIT @SPACERennes @SPACERennes #SPACE2017 #SPACE2017

SALON INTERNATIONALDES DESPRODUCTIONS PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES LE LE SALON INTERNATIONAL ANIMALES INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONFOR FOR ANIMAL ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS THETHE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION PRODUCTIONS @SPACERennes @SPACERennes #SPACE2017 #SPACE2017

@SPACERennes international@space.fr / Tel. +33 223 48 28 80

#SPACE2017 LE SALON INTERNATIONAL DES PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES E SALON INTERNATIONAL DES PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS LE SALON INTERNATIONAL DES FOR PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS HE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS

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PLANÈTE ÉLEVAGE PLANET PLANÈTELIVESTOCK ÉLEVAGE PLANET LIVESTOCK

Industry events

VIV Asia 2017

V

The biggest intensive livestock show under one roof

by Alex Whitebrook and Roger Gilbert, CEO

IV Asia 2017, held from March 15-17, will be recorded as the world’s most important and comprehensive trade exhibition ever hosted in Asia for the feed-to-food industry.

This year the Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Thailand, opened its new halls to the VIV Asia 2017 trade expo, which now combines several of its halls into one massive single air-conditioned event space. Measuring more than 800m long and almost 220m wide, this was an enormous event by anyone’s estimation.

Booth space was limited to accommodate the 1000 or more trade exhibitors who wanted to exhibit; the corridors were almost too narrow although wide enough to accommodate the full influx of attendees. Massive screens at key points throughout the floor space kept everyone connected via social media.

This was the most comprehensive of exhibitions, covering all sectors of livestock and aquatic production from breeding and hatching, farm production, animal health through to feed processing and handling and feed ingredients and additives as well as well as colocated exhibitions for Agri-Technica Asia 2017 and Horti Asia 2017 on the same site.

The three days proved to be valuable networking opportunities for those working within the animal feed industry.

The first day of VIV went without a hitch, as Perendale, publisher of both the Milling and Grain and International Aqua Feed magazines, welcomed new and old customers to its stand.

Roger Gilbert, CEO, Perendale Publishers LTD explains, “We spent the first day networking with company representatives we have long had positive relationships with, whilst simultaneously using one of the world’s largest food and feed industry exhibitions to reach out to potential new customers and build new relationships.”

The Milling and Grain and International Aquafeed team spent the day moving from stand-to-stand, introducing themselves to people from all sides of food and feed production.

Together with Ms Tuti Tan, Roger successfully reconnected with industry leaders - though Perendale is often present at international trade shows around the globe, so it hadn’t been long between greetings! This personal and respectful approach to publishing is characteristic of Perendale’s first-class stance in the milling and aquaculture industry.

104 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

David Bal, Justin Tan and Benedict Standen of Biomin

Celebrating

Rapid-fire presentations

Noura Kuppens Ellouz of Van Aarsen

A stand visitor with Robbert Veenendaal

Erik Visser and Peter Couteau of Nutriad

Philippe Tacon and Justine Cau

Christian Jordan of Lambton Conveyors with colleagues and visitors

At the beginning of the second day at VIV, the team were up early for preparations of the long awaited ‘Build my Feedmill’ rapid-fire two-hour conference, hosted on site in the conference room above the exposition.

‘Build my Feedmill’ comprised of 11 short presentations from industry voices, detailing the in’s and out’s of specific stages in the milling process.

The innovative seminar programme reflected a unique approach to addressing the latest developments in the milling technology while explaining some of the basic steps in the feed manufacturing process. By displaying a simple flow chart, which followed the steps in milling in sequence, participating company speakers had just eight minutes to explain a process and outline latest updates relating to that step in production.

Representatives from 10 companies at the forefront of milling technology used the opportunity that ‘Build my Feedmill’ provided to display the most recent developments in their milling equipment.

The informative nature of presentations was emphasised by the fact that each speaker were given short speaking times, ensuring a concise and comprehensive picture being conveyed to the audience across a two-hour time slot.

Mr Gilbert explains the base line of the project and what makes the concept such an important one, “The objective was not to take important feed industry experts away from their exhibition stands for long periods, nor to take up the valuable time of attendees, but to provide a concise step-bystep explanation of the feed production process and recent developments being made at each stage in the minimum amount of time possible.”

DESIGN BUILD

Norwood and Company

EXPAND With four generations of experience in the grain, feed, flour milling and wood industries our family would be more than happy to help you design, build, repair or expand any new or existing grain facilities We also offer a large variety of new and used grain equipment to help meet your needs norwood_hp.indd 1

REPAIR Contact us on: Fred Norwood, President; Tel: +1 405 834 2043 Brandon Norwood, Vice President; Tel: +1 785 822 4109

www.norwoodandco.com Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 105

10/02/2015 17:30

Industry events He continues, “I’m pleased to report that our first outing for ‘Build my Feedmill’ was met with enthusiasm from presenters and found increased attention from those attending. In addition, I was able to create greater awareness of our magazine’s claim that there are too few feed mills in low-economic and developing countries and that the lack of proper feed manufacturing facilities is creating greater food insecurity in those countries where populations continue to rise.”

He concludes, “Before we can bring all the advances being made in animal nutrition to bear on food production, we need sound feed manufacturing machinery in place. And that ‘place’ is in a properly structured and supported feed mill.”

Highlights

Starting with Christian Jordan from Lambton, the topic of intake and conveying was addressed.

Later speakers included Merry Ortberg of Famsun, who spoke on Famsun’s latest drying and cooling machinery, detailing its improved moisture deviation, high energy efficiency and sanitary design that avoids cross contamination and provides safe feed.

She also presented a formula for the cost of moisture uniformity, at which point everyone swiftly got out their phones to take a picture of the valuable information.

Mr Gilbert, who chaired the conference, commented on how important the small advances, highlighted by Merry, are for allowing big savings in the long run, praising her informative presentation.

Yiannis Christodoulou, of Agentis Innovations finished off the programme by tying together all of the topics that had been covered during the seminar, in a presentation on feed automation.

He proclaimed, “Today, feed milling needs to move towards ... becoming a more automated and efficient industry,” and proceeded to outline the importance of cost, process and performance optimisation through the use of automation software.

Agentis Innovations were the recipients of the 2016 GRAPAS Innovation award, and this was clearly evident in the benefits of automation, which Yiannis detailed for the audience.

Roger closed the seminar by highlighting the important aspects of each speaker’s presentation.

“Our first speaker, who spoke on avoiding contamination and carryover through the use of chain conveyers, showed us right from the beginning that there is not a simple solution to issues in milling, we need experts to keep us informed.”

He spoke highly of KSE’s Christian Jansen, whom displayed the complex and advanced nature of weighing, and of Hans van der Weijden of Van Aarsen, who displayed the “sophistication going on inside of a grinder in use today, which provide great improvements in time and efficiency enabled by better technology.”

Du Bin of ZCME followed up with a presentation that clearly demonstrated the advances that are being made within China in the areas of pelleting and grinding, whilst Olaf Naerig of Amandus Kahl showed the audience that expanders are very much used in some countries, but not in others and left unanswered the question why?

Drawing near to the end of his summary, Mr Gilbert noted Adifo’s presentation on extrusion that told us “it is not just about formulation and software control, but how our software is integrating with the equipment we use, and how every machinery stage is now linked by software,” and he linked nicely into addressing the similar concerns Yiannis of Agentis presented in his presentation.

His closing words emphasised the need not only for better feed milling, but for more feed mills as well - something that ‘Build my Feedmill’ aims to achieve.

Ultimately, the ‘Build my Feedmill’ conference proved to be an important resource for knowledge sharing in the milling industry.

Perhaps, in future, it could have applications to education for companies 106 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

John Bowes of Sukup, a speaker on 'Build myFeedmill'

Dr Jan-Olaf Barth of Evonik

Olaf Naehrig of Amandus Kahl a speaker on 'Build myFeedmill'

Joe Kearns of Wenger

Industry events developing their milling technology and capabilities.

A conference for aquaculture

This year, the trade show, held in Bangkok, Thailand, where International Aquafeed magazine, in cooperation with VIV, organised a conference focusing on aquaculture called Aquatic Asia 2017.

The line-up of speakers included a wide range of representatives from both academic and commercial backgrounds in biosecurity, feed security and water quality.

The event kicked off on the morning of March 14, the day before the exhibition proper opened.

Hans van der Weijden of Van Aarsen

Aquatic Asia 2017 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Biosecurity

The aquatic conference began with some excellent presentations detailing the latest developments in aqua cultural biosecurity.

Algae, antibiotics and everything in between were discussed by academics and representatives from leading biosecurity organisations from around the world. A particularly good presentation was given by Dr Varin Tansomwang, who has recently been appointed Fisheries Management Expert at the Department of Fisheries in Thailand, outlining the way in which biosecurity is changing Thai aquaculture.

The impressive and thorough nature of Thai biosecurity measures on shrimp farms were the focus of her presentation. Every possible measure of biosecurity has been considered, from disinfecting vehicle tyres, right down to the eating utensils farm workers are using.

Dr Tanasomwang made it clear that Thai fish farms are at the forefront of aqua cultural biosecurity, though she emphasised the need for further research and development to continue the trend toward best-practice techniques.

108 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Amiel Schoutsen of VAV

Roman Inauen from Buhler

Dr Tanasomwang has had experience in many management and research roles across many private and government research centres.

Most recently, Dr Tanasomwang has taken on the role of Fisheries Management Expert at the Thai Department of Fisheries studying the development of coastal aquaculture. Dr Tanasomwang’s academic background began with a BSc in Fisheries, before moving on to an MSc in Fish Pathology and a Doctorate in Aquaculture. She is one of the forefront researchers in these fields today, and provided an informing discussion that clearly demonstrated her expertise.

Aquatic Asia 2017 - Feed quality

Jeroen Ju

'Build myFeedmill' mini conference presenting 12 speakers gets underway

The feed quality session began with Dr Chalor Limsuwang, who successfully transformed the gritty details of rearing shrimp into a fascinating and engaging presentation.

His speech, entitled “Feed Quality and Feed Management in Shrimp Culture”, balanced the serious topic of maintaining healthy shrimp through good feed with occasional anecdotes involving the day-today lives of Thai shrimp farmers, even describing the way in which shrimp farmers enjoy smelling the water of their ponds!

Dr Chalor Limsuwan studied a Bachelor of Science in Fisheries before continuing with a Masters degree in Zoology and a PhD in Fish Pathology. He now works at the Department of Fishery Biology at Kasetsart University, continuing his research in to Fish Pathology.

Over his career, Dr Limsuwan has had ample experience researching shrimp culture and disease prevention, becoming renowned as a forefront authority on the topic. He has regularly been required to speak on his research at conferences around the world.

His presentation was extremely enlightening for those interested in growing shrimp in the healthiest conditions.

Despite also speaking over time and pushing back an already

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Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 109

Industry events

Dr Nguyen Duy Hoa (second from right) with Micheal Klapperich who lead the Empyreal team with colleagues

Sjo Zwart of Aliphos, who spoke on the Aquatic Asia 2017 programme, with a colleague

delayed schedule that we were struggling to keep under tabs, his enthusiastic manner of public speaking and evident expertise in the area were a highlight of the day.

Stephane Ralite gave us an excellent follow-up presentation on the protection of Shrimp from harmful bacteria through the fortification of feed.

He also included the consideration of water quality to his analysis, blending nicely with the previous session. Dr Hao of Empyreal continued this trend, giving a great presentation on improving the nutritional value of fish feed. His lively performance gave everyone the wake-up they needed after a full day of presentations.

The afternoon saw two more speakers deliver their message to an increasingly tired room, before all taking a welldeserved break.

Aquatic Asia 2017 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Water quality

With the final coffee break out of the way, the water quality session began with a presentation by Dr Putth Songsanjinda.

His presentation detailed the affects of climate change on shrimp farming and water recirculation. Each slide displayed the incredible attention to detail that this man clearly gives to his work, providing a comprehensive if sometimes confusing explanation of the dynamic between climate change and shrimps.

Despite the dense nature of Dr Songsansjindaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work, the increased interest and attention in the room was tangible, perhaps fuelled by the new topic of discussion and the enticing light 110 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Industry events at the end of the tunnel symbolised by the second last presentation at the end of a long day.

Dr Yambot ended the day with a presentation on water quality and growth performance in Nile Tilapia.

Being one of the only presentations of the day to cover the fish, audience attention remained strong throughout as Dr Yambot explained the benefits of using Addiseo’s Rovabio. He found the product to enhance growth and feed intake of cultured Nile Tilapia, when compared to a control group using conventional culture techniques.

In all, the VIV Aquatic Asia conference proved to be a rewarding experience for all, with almost 200 attendees and 13 speakers.

The final day

The final day of VIV Asia 2017 saw the Perendale team continue their networking with the rest of the attendees. Copies of both magazines were given away to visitors of its stand, facilitating new connections within the industry.

CEO Bernd Grosse Holthaus (right) is leading the GePro Geflügel-Protein GmbH Meet the Asian Team from Anitox! Stephan Ralite (centre), our speaker at Aquatic Asia 2017 Conference with colleagues from Lalemand

Fantastic feedback

One member of our team explored the exhibition hall interviewing both companies that were involved in the Aquatic Conference and the ‘Build my Feedmill’ conference. Those who were involved were extremely impressed with the organisation and the high levels of attendance that each conference achieved, whilst representatives of companies that attended reported they were impressed by the quality of the speakers and fascinated by the content of the presentations.

We will continue to actively promote and facilitate the sharing of knowledge within the aquaculture and milling industries respectively.

The positive feedback received after another year of hard work from our team has only encouraged us to persist with our efforts in to the future. Any recommendations for improvements on the services we provide at exhibitions, such as VIV Asia are used constructively to increase the quality and inherent value of our magazines and conferences.

A fitting and closing comment made

by CEO Roger Gilbert, “Following this process, we will build on our success and bring back bigger and better conferences for the industry in the years to come. Thank you to everyone who attended VIV Asia 2017, we look forward to cooperating with all our partner organisations to continue being a leading voice for both the aquaculture and milling industries.”

David Revilla and colleague

112 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Industry events

d Bridge2Foo Awards - Category - Product - Ingredient

7th Sports & Active Nutrition Summit 2017

13 & 14 June 2017 (The Netherlands) 2 Tracks | Industry & Strategy | Innovation & Development 40 Speakers | 200 Delegates | 30 Exhibitors | 25 hrs Networking

For more information please visit: www.bridge2food.com

Milling and Grain - April 2017 | 113

VAV - Conveyor components and solutions +31 71 4023701 www.vav.nl Yemtar Feed Mill Machines

To be included into the Market Place, please contact Tom Blacker +44 1242 267700 - tomb@perendale.co.uk

Analysis

Westeel R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com

Amino acids Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH

+90 266 733 85 50 www.yemtar.com

Elevator & Conveyor Components

+1 204 233 7133

4B Braime

www.westeel.com

+44 113 246 1800

Certification

www.go4b.com J-System

GMP+ International

info@jsystemllc.com

+31703074120

www.jsystemllc.com

www.gmpplus.org

Lambton Conveyor

Colour sorters

+1 519 627 8228 www.lambtonconveyor.com

+49 618 1596785

Bühler AG

www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition

+41 71 955 11 11

Sweet Manufacturing Company

www.buhlergroup.com

+1 937 325 1511

Bag closing Fischbein SA +32 2 555 11 70 www.fischbein.com/eastern Cetec Industrie

www.sweetmfg.com

Satake

VAV - Conveyor components

+81 82 420 8560

and solutions

www.satake-group.com

+31 71 4023701

Computer software

www.vav.nl

+33 5 53 02 85 00

Adifo NV

www.cetec.net

+32 50 303 211

Imeco

www.adifo.com

+39 0372 496826

Cultura Technologies Ltd

www.imeco.org

+44 1257 231011

ItalPack

www.culturatech.com

JEFO

+39 0541 625157

Format International Ltd

+1 450 799 2000

www.italpack.net

+44 1483 726081

TMI

www.formatinternational.com

+34 973 25 70 98 www.tmipal.com

Bakery improvers Mühlenchemie GmbH & Co KG +49 4102 202 001 www.muehlenchemie.de

Bin dischargers

Enzymes AB Vista +44 1672 517 650 www.abvista.com

www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale

Coolers & driers

ExtruTech Inc

Consergra s.l

+1 785 284 2153

+34 938 772207

www.extru-techinc.com

www.consergra.com FrigorTec GmbH +49 7520 91482-0 www.frigortec.com

Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl

Denis

Geelen Counterflow

+33 2 37 97 66 11

+31 475 592315

Andritz

www.denis.fr

www.geelencounterflow.com

+45 72 160300

Morillon

Famsun (Muyang)

www.andritz.com

+33 2 41 56 50 14

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Bulk storage

Suncue Company Ltd

Bentall Rowlands

sales@suncue.com

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114 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

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Laboratory equipment

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Van Aarsen International

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Rank Hovis

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www.cimbria.com

Neuero Industrietechnik

+39 0372 496826

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PAYPER, S.A.

www.neuero.de

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www.tmipal.com

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www.alapala.com

Borregaard LignoTech

Bühler AG

www.lignotechfeed.com

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Alapala

www.buhlergroup.com

+90 212 465 60 40

Golfetto Sangati

www.alapala.com

www.imeco.org

+49 5422 95030

+39 0422 476 700 www.golfettosangati.com

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Pellet Press Viteral +90 332 239 01 41 http://viteral.com.tr

115 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Pest control

Fundiciones Balaguer, S.A.

Silo Construction Engineers

Detia Degesch GmbH

+34 965564075

+32 51723128

+49 6201 708 401

www.balaguer-rolls.com

www.sce.be

www.detia-degesch.de

Leonhard Breitenbach

Rentokil Pest Control

+49 271 3758 0

Silos Cordoba

+44 0800 917 1987

www.breitenbach.de

www.rentokil.co.uk

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Pipe systems

Sukup

+90 444 0894 www.gencdegirmen.com.tr

+45 75685311

Alapala

Symaga

+90 212 465 60 40

+34 91 726 43 04

www.alapala.com

www.symaga.com

+44 115 9813700

IMAS - Milleral

Westeel

www.dsl-systems.com

+90 332 2390141

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www.westeel.com

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Process control DSL Systems Ltd

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Ocrim

www.granulatory.com/en

+39 0372 4011

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www.safemilling.co.uk

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Training

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BĂźhler AG +41 71 955 11 11

Fundiciones Balaguer, S.A.

+44 1242 267703

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International Aquafeed

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www.nabim.org.uk

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Chief Industries UK Ltd

www.vortexvalves.com

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vortex@vortexvalves.com

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J-System

Imeco

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www.imeco.org

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www.mysilo.com

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116 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

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the interview

Markus Dedl

Markus Dedl, Chief Executive Officer, Delacon, took over his father’s company in 2010. As the son of company founder, Helmut Dedl, he became responsible for the company and all its’ subsidiaries. Having previously served as the Manager of Finance and Operations, along with his education in economics and a member of the committee of the International Egg Commission, Markus’s CV presents an obvious fit for these rather impressive shoes. Delacon, family to the truest sense, family owned and family run, the company has been researching, developing and producing phytogenic feed additives for the feed industry for three decades.

Positively coming to light in recent times, Markus Dedl and his company made headlines when they successfully registered their second phytogenic feed additive as a zootechnical additive with the EU, Biostrong®510 EC, becoming one of a select few to achieve that goal for phytogenic products.

At the recent VIV Asia exhibition, he proudly showed off the certification of registration for this achievement and symbolically cut a cake on the company’s stand, expressing his passion for his craft and company, “Our company is attempting to provide natural ingredients that have longstanding, strong belief backgrounds with standardised, scientific support to provide customers with evaluated products that they can trust.”

What is the process required to acquire a zootechnical registration for a feed additive product such as a phytogenic in the EU? Your product needs to meet exact scientific safety standards.

In addition, you need to prove the efficiency of a product according to the claims that you are making. Therefore, all technical claims need to be proven by independent organisations, such as thorough university trials, and in different member states. Results need to be statistically significant. The period of evaluation by European authorities takes a long time, back-and-fourth, sending information, getting updates and satisfying requests.

Who approves the registration?

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) does not give the approval, but will issue scientific opinions on a product. The EU Commission mandates the EFSA to verify the claims being made. The EFSA opinion then also states whether a product is safe for use with animals of the chosen category at predetermined dosage levels.

We received the scientific EFSA opinion last summer. The next step was the registration approval by the commission itself, which took a further eight months, as it had to be approved by all the member states. All the EU member states had an opportunity to ask additional questions about the product, declaration issues, and other issues.

Now, the final registration has been approved by the EU commission, which was signed on March 9 by the President of the European Commission to become part of the EU law system.

Does your zootechnical registration in the EU give your product global appeal?

Legally, the zootechnical registration it is only valid in the European Union because it is in an EU regulation, but of course a lot of other countries worldwide see that as a reference because we are one of very few companies that has the EU registration as a zootechnical additive for a phytogenic product. Delacon was the first to register a pure phytogenic feed additive in 2012, which was Fresta® F, our product for piglets. Now, we are the only company with two zootechnical registrations for phytogenic feed additives, and there is a very small number of companies that have registration in this category. It gives all of our customers around the world confidence in our company, because if you don’t have confidence that a product works and it is worth it, then you don’t go through that application and registration process.

118 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

Will the phytogenic product registration become a simpler process?

I think it will always be difficult, but there is a learning curve, both for the authorities as well as the applicants. It has certainly been difficult for us because we were the first company to receive the zootechnical authorization for a phytogenic feed additive. There were lots of discussions on how do you characterise these products, how is it being analysed and what are the active components or nonactive components, or what are secondary activities.

There is a learning curve in this process, but I think that it is necessary to go through it, and that it is important for a company to have at least a few products registered as zootechnical additives. We are not aiming to put all of our products into this process, simply because it’s so cost- and time-intensive, and you can always elect to take the category of ‘sensory additives,’ which is much easier and there is no need to demonstrate the efficiency when safety studies are done for the substances through group registration.

However, it’s good to have a few references let’s say ‘star references’ that stand out.

Does the zootechnical registration give validity and value to phytogenics in the minds of the industry?

Yes, definitely. I think that it is one if the main outcomes of zootechnical registration, because until 2012 there was no formal recognition by a body like the EU that phytogenics can have certain effects. There were a lot of companies claiming effects, and a lot of these claims were substantiated, but there was never a regulatory, higher authority actually putting phytogenics on the same level as other products such as enzymes and probiotics. 2012 was the first time the EU did that – regulating phytogenic feed additives to the same level as other, more established categories.

I think that is exactly the value that the zootechnical registration has. Not only for us, but also for the industry as a whole. We have a lot of competitors telling us that we have done great work for the entire industry, and it’s true, because it is recognising that phytogenics have taken their rightful space as a mainstream category of feed additives.

Delacon and phytogenics are no longer a niche, we are a major player now and we see that every day.

PEOPLE THE INDUSTRY FACES Gary Huddleston promoted to Director

G Gary Huddleston

ary Huddleston, The American Feed Industry Association, has been promoted.

He joined the company in 2015 where he served as the Manager of Feed Manufacturing Safety and Environmental Affairs.

In his new role as the Director of Feed Manufacturing and Regulatory Affairs Huddleston will continue directing AFIA’s efforts surrounding the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Transportation, as well as working to develop and coordinate education and training programmes. Additionally, his new title reflects his work with education surrounding the Food Safety Modernization Act.

Richard Sellers, AFIA Senior Vice President of Public Policy and Education comments, “This welldeserved promotion is a result of the excellent work Gary has done surrounding FSMA, as well as EPA, OSHA and DOT during the last two years.”

Laurence Millington appointed as UK Managing Director

L Laurence Millington

aurence Millington has been announced as the Vortex Managing Director in Darlington, United Kingdom.

Employed with the company since 2009, Laurence was promoted to his most recent role of Sales Director, EMEA and Asia, in 2015.

Mr Millington will take over the role of the overseeing the company’s operations from Travis Young, who has had the role since 2008. Mr Young comments on his successor, “The appointment of Laurence was a straightforward decision. He understands how our business works, the markets we serve, and the core values Vortex upholds.”

He continues, “Under his leadership Vortex will continue to create winning relationships with our clients and distribution channels for many years to come.”

Travis Young accepts new position

T

ravis Young has accepted a new position as the Executive Vice President of Marketing and Global Strategy at Vortex. Having overseen the company’s international operations since 2008 and the company since 2004, Travis will be branching over to the new role at Vortex’s corporate headquarters in Kansas, USA.

Previously the Managing Director in Darlington, United Kingdom, Mr Young has spent nine years managing the company’s business development in the EMEA and Asian markets.

Travis Young

Vortex as a company was founded in 1977; they design and manufacture valves and dustless loading equipment for handling dry bulk material in the food, chemical and mineral industries.

Alex Whitebrook joins Perendale Publishers

A Alex Whitebrook

lex Whitebrook has recently joined Perendale Publishers supporting project management. He plays a key role in organising up to 30 annual conferences and exhibitions that both Milling and Grain magazine and International Aquafeed magazine are involved in worldwide. With international experience in writing and project management for various companies across Australia, China and the UK, Alex has a unique background that will enable Perendale to gain more from international exhibitions and facilitate deeper connections with their customers. Alex studied International Relations and Mandarin at the University of Western Australia, providing a useful set of skills to an international company making tracks in the Asian market.

John Heck re-elected as NGFA Chairman

D

uring the annual business meeting of the NGFA’s 121st Annual Convention, which attracted 700 NGFA members to New Orleans last week, the membership re-elected the NGFA’s industry officers to a second, one-year term.

Re-elected as NGFA chairman was John Heck, senior vice- president, Scoular, Omaha, Neb. Heck is the 66th industry leader to serve at the helm of the NGFA. He is a past chairman of the Agriculture Council of the Omaha Chamber of Commerce, served as board chairman for Habitat for Humanity Omaha and is a past trustee of the Nebraska 4-H Foundation.

Re-elected as NGFA first vice chairman was Eric Wilkey, president, Arizona Grain Inc., Casa Grande, Ariz. Wilkey joined Arizona Grain in 1991 after beginning his career six years earlier with the Continental Grain Co. In addition, he has been a member of the Arizona Grain Research and Promotion Council since 2004, and is a past chair of that organization. An Illinois native, he received his undergraduate degree from the University of Illinois.

David Baudler, managing director, grain, Cargill Agricultural Supply Chain North America, Cargill Inc., Minneapolis, Minn., was re-elected as second vice chairman. Baudler is responsible for Cargill’s domestic and export grain across the United States, Canada and Mexico. He previously served from 2011-16 as business unit leader and president of Cargill AgHorizons U.S., which was responsible for the company’s farmer-facing grain and crop-input business.

120 | April 2017 - Milling and Grain

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