JUL 2021 | Milling and Grain magazine

July 2021

YOUR GLOBAL PARTNER

In this issue:

ARGONAUTA

Pat one of the story of grain and civilization • Ensuring optimal flour quality • Soy: New horizons for the king of beans LIN

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LLE ER S OF U K F L OU R MI

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A I N WA S V O T E D # 1 M

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• Gut health: A holistic approach can help producers maintain the required balance

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TED M

ILLIN G MAG A

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Milling and Grain . Volume 132 . Issue 07 . July 2021

R E CENT P O LL , MIL

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• Endotoxins in feed

Download the Milling and Grain app to your smart phone

• Storage: Rodent control Proud supporter of

IN A

AN

• Flatbread production

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Volume 132 Issue 07

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VOLUME 132 ISSUE 07

July 2021

Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk International Marketing Team Darren Parris darrenp@perendale.co.uk Fred Norwood Tel: +1 405 834 2043 fredn@perendale.com Asia Marketing Team Dante Feng Tel: +886 227930286 dantef@perendale.com Latin America Marketing Team Iván Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.com Pablo Porcel pablop@perendale.com Oceania Marketing Team Jasmine Parker jasminep@perendale.com Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu Tel: +234 8132 478092 nathann@perendale.com Egyptian Marketing Team Mohamed Baromh Tel: +20 100 358 3839 mohamedb@perendale.com Turkey, Eurasia and Middle East Marketing Team Mehmet Ugur Gürkaynak Tel: +90 537 3646457 mehmetg@perendale.com Managing Editor Vaughn Entwistle vaughne@perendale.co.uk Editorial Manager Peter Parker peterp@perendale.co.uk Sub-editor Andrew Wilkinson andreww@perendale.co.uk Editorial Assistant Levana Hall levanah@perendale.co.uk International Editors Dr Roberto Luis Bernardi robertob@perendale.com Professor Wenbin Wu wenbinw@perendale.com Mehmet Ugur Gürkaynak mehmetg@perendale.com

98 - Case Study: Bühler proves a key quality ingredient in Nelstrops’ recipe for success ISSUE HIGHLIGHTS

8

NEWS FEATURES

44 Ensuring optimal flour quality 48 Novel ingredients impact all aspects of animal and food production

52 New horizons for the King Of Beans

10-32 62 Flatbread production: New enzyme toolkit brings quality and economic improvements 68 Endotoxins: The ever present enemy of highperformance animals 74

Gut health: A holistic approach can help

PRODUCT FOCUS

40

CASE STUDY

96&98

producers maintain the required balance

76 Reaping the rewards of industrialisation

STORAGE 76

Rodent control

82 Argonauta: A book heralding from Augeo in Italy, a place internationally renowned for its culture

Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk Circulation & Events Tuti Tan tutit@perendale.co.uk Development Manager Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk

millingandgrain.com ISSN No: 2058-5101 ©Copyright 2019 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. More information can be found at www.perendale.com Perendale Publishers Ltd also publish ‘The International Milling Directory’ and ‘The Global Miller’ news service Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine was rebranded to Milling and Grain in 2015

FACES

118 People news from the global milling industry

EVENTS

102 Event listings, reviews and previews

TRAINING

34 Industry training news

COLUMNS

10 The Global Miller 28 Mildred Cookson 32 The Rex Wailes collection

8 PUBLISHER Roger Gilbert

COVER IMAGE: 'Mietitura' by the artist Mr Filippo Sassòli - see more on page 82

86 MARKETS John Buckley

116 INTERVIEW Li Jianjun

A picture says 1000 words!

Roger Gilbert

We can all agree that the picture on this month’s cover of Milling and Grain has a lot to say about how far the human race has come in recent centuries and how our industry has evolved over past millennia in its support of the human condition.

Milling has always been central to the creation, stabilisation and development of our societies whether that be in the growing of wheat, rice or other grain and oilseed or processing them; reflecting a transition from manual harvesting, thrashing and grinding to mechanised and industrialised production and processing which we hold so dear today.

Our magazine is steeped in the development of milling over the past 130 years – which is just a ‘blip’ in man’s determination to breed and grow better grains and oilseeds for food production. However, we have an obligation as the oldest print magazine still serving the milling industry globally (and now also in digital format – see details on page 12), to reflect on the historic developments that have brought us to this point-in-time in our history in order for us to chart a direction into the future and to provide the milled products that societies and communities have come to depend upon.

This is why we are serialising the contents of a unique, limitededition book called L ‘Agronauta, recently authored and published

by Dr Sergio Antolini (who is part-owner of Ocrim and Paglierani of Italy along with his brother Alberto) that looks at a longer history of grain production before the Middle Ages and onward in Europe and explores the contribution milling has and is continuing to make in terms of sustaining the human condition on planet earth. It speaks in terms of wheat, bread, art, mythology and much more.

Milling and Grain is pleased to publish a

four-page insert each month (and translate it into our five additional languages) to bring the meaning of milling to life. We are very proud to be reporting regularly on more recent milling history events via the valuable contributions made by the Mills Archive Trust in the UK which looks at not only the progress from wind, water to steampowered milling but also at the transition into modern-day roller milling on an increasingly international basis.

We publish L ‘Agronauta’s forward and introduction on pages 8285. The content is divided into four Acts and we will be publishing sections of each Act over the coming months along with the stunning images that Dr Antolini has included.

As Sergio says, “Everyone knows, from their school reminiscences, that everything began about 10,000 years ago with the domestication of wheat in the Fertile Crescent in Mesopotamia, between two rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates. From there it all started. Cultivation instead of hunting. Population growth, the spasmodic search for new fields to cultivate cereals to feed the population, urbanization, migratory waves from East to West and from South to North, the beginning of trade, the passage from prehistory to history.

“Only a few centuries and from wheat to bread the step is short, only the time to fine-tune the right mixture of bacteria and yeasts necessary to accomplish the first technological miracle of the Neolithic: the fermentation of the mixture of water and flour.”

Let’s experience L ‘Agronauta first-hand and reflect on the art and literature Dr Antolini has chosen to accompany the journey through time and the role grain, farmers, millers and milling has played in shaping our world today and the future which is tomorrow.

SOY

RODENT CONTROL

New horizons for the King of Beans

Prevention is always better than cure

James Cooper looks at the rise and rise of the humble soybean: Will there ever be enough soy to satisfy our endless hunger for meat?

Australia is known all over the world for being home to some of the world’s most deadly creatures. From venomous snakes to nightmare stoking spiders - if you’re scared of it, there’s a good chance they’ve got it.

PAGE 52

PAGE 78

FOOD CASE STUDY

STORAGE

FEED

PROCESS

GUT HEALTH

Flour power

Bühler proves a key quality ingredient in Nelstrops’ recipe for success

A holistic approach can help producers maintain the required balance

PAGE 98

More and more professionals are looking at gut health as an important parameter in diet formulation.

PAGE 74 Annual Subscription Rates Inside UK: UK£100 Outside: US$150/€133 Milling and Grain has a cooperative partnership with COFCOET

More Information www.millingandgrain.com http://gfmt.blogspot.co.uk

Milling

News

Welcome one and all to the July edition of Milling & Grain magazine! As the revolving door of lockdown legislation continues to spin here in the UK, the ripening crops in the fields around us tell us that harvest season will soon be upon us.

Kees Aarts, the founder and CEO of Protix in The Netherlands talks to Roger Gilbert of Milling and Grain in the Rongorongo Video Studio about his company’s success in scaling protein production from insect meal to 70,000 tonnes per year.

Protix is providing its 2000 customers in 15 countries with a constant supply of quality proteins for all species including incorporation in human foodstuffs.

Insect protein production out-performs all other protein crops and sources with its 10,000 tonnes of meal per ha per year. A staggering achievement and a clear indicator that protein sources of the future will have to compete with and be compared to its carbon footprint and environmental credentials once the production process is ‘internationalised.’l … mymag.info/e/1142

For now though, let us take a moment to enjoy these warm summer months, as they took long enough to arrive and will soon be gone again.

Staying on the subject of not taking things for granted, throughout the pages of this magazine, the one word that we are starting to see more often is sustainability.

Throughout our industry there is a growing recognition that we need to be more aware of our planet’s limited ability to sustain us all, with our industry particularly well placed to make a real difference.

This is because our industry old boys wheat, rice and corn are the three largest crops globally, with demand predicted to only increase further with very limited space available for expansion.

So, in order to remedy this situation, food processors are under increasing pressure from governments and consumers to look for more sustainable production practices and supply chains.

The fundamental truth when it comes to sustainability is that we can all do our bit by simply being more mindful of what we grow, what we make and what we buy. That said, it would be far easier to feed nine billion people by 2050 if more of the crops that we grow actually ended up in human stomachs.

According to an article published by National Geographic, only 55 percent of the world’s crops feed people directly, with most of the remainder (about 36 percent) used to feed livestock, with only a fraction of the calories used in feed making their way into our stomachs.

Some estimates suggest that for every 100 calories of grain we feed animals, we get only about 40 new calories of milk, 22 calories of eggs, 12 of chicken, 10 of pork, or just three of beef.

One plausible solution to resolving this issue could be as more widespread reliance on plant based alternatives as our go-to protein source.

This is because not only do plant proteins present a viable solution to the sustainability issue, they are also lower in calories and have also been proven to lower blood pressure and cholesterol, whilst also reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

With all of this information in mind, it comes as no surprise that the plant-based protein market is expected to reach US$40.53 billion by 2025. It would seem that the news is beginning to get through.

So as the big players in our industry continue to diversify in order to accommodate the processing of plant proteins, maybe it’s time that we all got on board with the idea sooner rather than later.

Like with the impending harvest, if we don’t start preparing now, then there might one day be far too much work for us to do and not enough time to do it in. gfmt.blogspot.com

See more videos from all aspects of the industry at millingandgrain.com/videos

10 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

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Milling News

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OUR NEW APP A NEW WAY TO MANAGE YOUR SUBSCRIPTION IN YOUR CHOSEN LANGUAGE

Milling and Grain have launched a new and improved version of our mobile app. You can now download a version of the app that is dedicated to your prefered language, to allow you to get the content you want while on the go!

The Milling and Grain App To get the basic app, simply visit your favourite app store and download to your device. This will give you access to current editions on a pay as you go, or subscription basis.

The Milling and Grain+ App To get the most out of your subscription to Milling and Grain, set up an account with us on the Magstand platform before downloading the app. Accounts created with Magstand have several benefits over the basic app, but the costs are exactly the same!

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Choose your language and sign up on Magstand www.magstand.com/MillingandGrain

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DO YOU WANT A COMPLIMENTARY COPY? If you’d like a complimentary copy as you are working within the flour and feed milling sectors or supporting these industries, then simply fill out our Application Form on our website www.millingandgrain.com/web/free-mag-registration and we will send you a Promo Code that will allow you to take advantage of the option above when you access Magstand

12 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

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astak has recently installed a full lab in Congo, Pointe Noire, for a new flourmill of with an expected capacity of 450 mt/d.

With more than 20 years of experience in supplying laboratory and quality control eqipment, flour improvers, flour additives and enrichments, Bastak continues to export to more than 120 countries around the World.

Previously Bastak has completed many projects within the past few years, especially in Africa, which has seen them become a big player in not only the African but various other global markets too.

The company offers high quality instruments, services and gives high importance to after sells service and accepts this as same important as much as the instrument quality.

The company have supplied a vast array of instruments to the Congo project including those that measure falling number, glutomatic system, sedimentation device, moisture meter, ashing furnace and hectoliter.

Foreign Trade Manager Mr Halit Shasheet, who was personally in charge of the project, spent 10 days in the Democratic Republic of Congo directly supervising the installation if the instruments.

He was also able to offer training on how to use the instrument, as well as demonstrating methods and applications on the mill side.

New protein ingredients, tailored for aquaculture nutrition

The Andersons has your aquaculture feed ingredient needs covered.

Highly digestible Plant-based Rich in protein and spent distillers’ yeast To learn more about how ANDVantage 40Y and ANDVantage 50Y can benefit your aquaculture feed formulations, please call 866-653-1892 or visit us online at www.andersonsgrain.com The Andersons has been a trusted partner since 1947.

© 2021 The Andersons, Inc. All rights reserved. The Andersons logo is a registered trademark of The Andersons, Inc.

Milling News

Myande undertakes multiple oilseeds crushing project in Turkey

O

zmirioglu AS and Myande recently signed a contract which will see Myande undertake a 1000TPD Multiple Oilseeds Crushing project for Ozmirioglu AS, with the result of this being that upon completion, Ozmirioglu AS will own the largest cottonseed crushing plant in Turkey.

Since 1978, Ozmirioglu AS (Ozmirioglu Pamuk Yag Kuspe San ve Tic. AS) has operated an edible oil, feed and grain sectors in Turkey business. For 43 years the company has conducted a large amount of investment through the cooperation with international engineering companies.

International competitive bidding carried out the procurement of the equipment for this crushing line.

After careful evaluation of technology and performance, Ozmirioglu AS finally selected Myande to provide engineering, equipment, and automation control system for the 1000TPD multiple oilseeds crushing line. Now, the project is in the equipment manufacturing process.

Since the beginning of the bid process, the technical team

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from Myande Group have understood customer needs and the project in the best way and ensured that the process proceeds in accordance with customer requirement.

After in-depth discussions by both parties, the entire project was carefully designed by Myande engineers, with energy saving and consumption reduction key considerations throughout the process and equipment design tailored to reduce customer costs.

With the sincere cooperation of Ozmirioglu AS and Myande Group, a model factory will be built with energy-saving features, intelligent design and will be environmentally friendly in the near(O)future.

AAT21_Adv(LV)-W90xH132mm_July R.pdf 1 2021/6/17 下午 04:47:31

Milling News

Imas Machinery harnesses solar power for improved sustainable manufacturing

B

y placing in excess of five thousand solar energy panels on the roof of its production facility in Konya, Turkey, İmaş Machinery as completed its eco-friendly Solar Power Plant project.

The facility, which is located in Konya’s forth Organised Industrial Zone, covers a closed area of approximately 30,000 m2, with an estimated 2,413,055 kWh/₺1.3 million (US$150,900) of electricity expected to be produced annually with the solar energy panels with a capacity of 1780 KWp. With this investment, İmaş Machinery will be able to meet all of its annual energy needs from natural resources and sell the excess energy that may arise to a distribution company.

“We will minimise carbon emissions with renewable energy,” says Mustafa Özdemir, General Manager of İmaş Machinery, stating that renewable energy has become even more important today, where concerns about climate change are increasing day by day.

“With the Rooftop SPP investment we have made at İmaş Machinery, we make significant contributions not only to the economy of our company but also to the country's economy and nature.

“Together with the 1780 KWp capacity solar energy system installed in our factory we will produce one million 300 thousand TL of electricity annually. In this

way, besides meeting all of our annual energy needs from solar energy, we will also sell the remaining energy to distribution companies.

“The most important gain of the project will be to contribute to the environment by preventing the release of 1,477,833 kg of carbon dioxide gas per year with our renewable energy investment.

“Considering that this amount can be consumed and cleaned by only 131,621 10-year-old trees, we can see that we have made the right investment decision for our future,” says Mr Özdemir.

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 17

Milling News UK farmers sought in fight against new grass weed

U

K farmers are being asked to assist in a new study looking at the spread of rat’s tail fescue, a grass weed that is already posing problems in France, Switzerland, Spain and Denmark - and is now starting to take hold in England and Wales.

Predominantly a threat in no-till winter cereals, and grasses, where it can rapidly form dense carpets and compete with the crop, it can also be found in orchards and vineyards and if it does take hold, can cause significant economic damage.

In Australia, where it has been present in fields for more than 50 years, it has incurred million dollars of losses through crop yield reduction and contamination of forage and wool.

Project lead, Dr Lucie Büchi said rat’s tail fescue is a relatively new grass weed in cropping systems in Europe, but of increasing concern.

“In the UK, it is present in

natural habitats, but its distribution in arable fields is yet unknown. For this reason, we are launching a UKwide survey to better understand the current knowledge and distribution of this species in the UK, and its association with cropping practices.

“It’s really important we get on top of this before it becomes another blackgrass.”

As part of the survey, farmers will be asked to answer questions about their location, soil type and general agronomy that they practice, in order to see if there is any correlation between these factors, and the distribution or abundance of rat’s tail fescue.

This will help researchers identify areas of the country or agronomic practices that may be at higher risk of this species becoming a problem.

You can find the survey by either scanning the following QR code or by visiting: https://greenwich. onlinesurveys.ac.uk/vulpia-survey-uk

AFIA recognises outgoing committee members

T

he American Feed Industry Association (AFIA) depends heavily on the dedication and involvement of members who volunteer annually to serve on committees.

These committees further the success of the association’s mission, objectives and programs and the AFIA thanks these volunteer members and the companies they represent for their service.

Most of the committee terms run from May 1 to April 30 each year and volunteers serve a term of three years. Each of AFIA’s 14 committees are focused on supporting the AFIA’s core legislative and regulatory objectives and/or member services.

The committees oversee the AFIA’s on going activities, interests and programs in very specific disciplines and reflect all segments of the total feed industry.

“Our committee structure keeps us connected to our members, allowing us to work side by side on issues that affect the whole industry,” says AFIA President and CEO, Constance Cullman.

“It’s incredibly important for the feed industry to advocate with one, unified voice – and we can do just that thanks to our committee members. We appreciate the commitment of time, expertise and resources by all who have served on AFIA committees.”

You can view the full list of outgoing 2021 committee members that the AFIA wishes to thank by visiting: https://bit.ly/2TYMuCl

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 19

Milling News

Müller's Mühle invests US$17.5 million in vegetable proteins

M

üller's Mühle, one of the leading suppliers of legume and rice flours, has invested €14.5 million (US$17.5 million) in new refining technology for legume flours.

With the help of a modern air separation plant, the company can now produce functional flours with a protein content of up to 65 percent, enabling protein enrichment and nutritional optimisation of many foods.

They are particularly suitable as a basis for plant-based alternatives such as meat, egg and milk substitutes, as well as for snacks, baked goods and pasta. Müller's Mühle uses different legume species as raw materials, whilst they also process them gently to preserve their valuable nutrients. The flours are marketed under the "Smart® Pulses Pro" brand. At source, they are naturally free of allergens and are also clean label.

With their high-quality nutritional and functional properties, "Smart Pulses Pro" ingredients enable the development of innovative product concepts in the plant-based segment.

From cheese, yoghurt and quark substitutes to plant-based drinks and desserts, the range of applications for milk alternatives is huge.

In this area, lentil-based flours are particularly interesting thanks to their relatively neutral taste profile.

From a sensory point of view, Smart ingredients also score in terms of texture as they impart appealing consistency and creaminess to products. Furthermore, their nutritional profile enables high-protein positioning and a desirable NutriScore.

Thanks to their protein content and structure-forming properties, Smart Pulses Pro concentrates can be further processed into high-quality texturates that serve as a basis for meat substitutes.

In addition to purely vegan and vegetarian products, pulsebased texturates are also suitable for hybrid products in which the meat content is partially replaced; be it for baked goods, vegan mayonnaises or dressings, as the emulsifying effect of the new concentrates makes it possible to replace eggs in a variety of recipes. That said, the legume flours are also the base for innovative egg substitutes, such as vegan scrambled eggs.

In addition to protein, Müller's Mühle legume flours provide dietary fibre and minerals, B vitamins and trace elements and, in this respect, are far superior to protein isolates.

Meeting the needs of environmentally-conscious consumers In terms of sustainability, the flours are convincing due to their resource-saving cultivation: legumes do not require artificial nitrogen fertiliser, increase soil fertility and have a low water requirement.

Legume-based products therefore meet the needs of environmentally-conscious consumers who are willing to pay a higher price for food that is produced as sustainably as possible.

“Vegan, high-protein, low carb, clean label, free-from – pulses serve several major food trends at once. Moreover, with their low carbon footprint and excellent nutritional profile, they are the ideal raw material for a sustainable diet,” says Uwe Walter, Managing Director at Müller's Mühle.

“We are therefore convinced that ingredients based on these superfoods will become increasingly important for contemporary food concepts. From new product development to reformulation, with our new functional variants, we can support food manufacturers better than ever.

20 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

AURORA PLANSIFTER Exceptional Hygiene Efficiency

AURORA Plansifter is designed to comply with highest sanitation standards. Stainless steel food-grade contact surfaces, smoothened corners, high-quality fittings, and insulation, which guarantee the best possible sanitation with efficiency.

AURORA is also available with plastic sieve boxes.

Milling News

Treated stored grains can reduce carbon footprint

A

joint life cycle assessment compared drying and aerating stored grains with using Kemin’s solution to treat them.

Kemin Industries, together with its partners Adesco Nutricines (Adesco) and Dow, a global leader in materials science, performed a life cycle assessment of Kemin’s Myco CURB® ES Liquid on stored grains, demonstrating that treatment with this solution is more environmentally sustainable than drying or aerating stored grains.

Accelerating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide have created elevated concerns about the effects of climate change and the impact of GHGs on the planet. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals aimed at restoring and promoting social, economic and environmental sustainability.

Of these targets, goal 13 – “Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.” – emphasises that actions need to be integrated into national policies, strategies and planning. Identifying measures to reduce on-farm emissions contributes to this goal.

The growing human population continues to drive global demand for food and feed, which impacts production of major grains. The UN estimates that a 70 percent increase in grain production is required to meet this rising demand, but to keep the environmental footprint associated with agriculture low, a comprehensive plan needs to be in place to limit the impact of increased production activities.

With these factors in mind, Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health – EMENA (Europe, Middle East, North Africa) used the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals to help determine its focus areas and responsibilities. Kemin guides its sustainable action using a triple-bottomline approach that encompasses three overlapping areas: Healthy People, Healthy Planet and Healthy Business.

“These three lenses provide the framework we use to measure the impact of our efforts. Each lens includes both an internal and external scope,” says Stefaan Van Dyck, President, Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health – EMENA. “The internal scope addresses, for example, how we can improve our internal operations,

sourcing and production processes.

“The external scope looks at how our solutions (products and services) can sustainably transform lives, animal welfare, the environment and our customers’ operations, to name a few.”

One of Kemin’s suppliers, Dow, has set its own ambitious Sustainability Goals for 2025. Dow is working with like-minded partners to help lead the transition to a more sustainable planet and society.

“As we advance our third set of 10-year sustainability goals, our sustainability journey has evolved from focusing on operational efficiency (our footprint), to product solutions and world challenges (our handprint), to recognising that only through collaboration can we accelerate our positive impact (blueprint thinking),” says Andrea Blanco Acuña, Marketing Manager, Dow’s Feed & Food industries – EMEAI. A crucial step for Kemin, Adesco and Dow is carbon footprint analysis of stored grains preserved with Kemin’s Myco CURB ES Liquid, compared to other grain storage methods.

It is worth noting that the life cycle impact assessment should be viewed as a holistic approach in which solutions contribute to sustainability by reducing the CO2 equivalents (CO2-eq) per kilogram of food and improving animal productivity, welfare and profitability.

“Life cycle impact assessments must look at the complete value chain, from raw materials to the end-product contributing to a "healthy business”. At Kemin, we want the impact of our solutions to enhance the marketability of food produced, and we cannot do this exercise without our suppliers,” says Mr Van Dyck.

“This project is an example of Adesco’s commitment to helping the industry adopt commercially insightful practices that enable carbon reduction across the feed and food chain,” says Jack O’Hare, Managing Director, Adesco.

“Good data drives good decisions, and by providing customers with accurate and externally validated information, we can help accelerate adoption of solutions that make a sustainable difference.

“Transitioning to a sustainable future is a business imperative for Dow. As a materials science company, we play an important role in providing scientific expertise and encouraging the incorporation of sustainability principles in our customers’ business plans,” says Ms Blanco Acuña.

Important findings for the food and feed industry Kemin, Dow and Adesco jointly

conducted a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment study to investigate the GHG emissions in CO2-eq of barley and wheat using three different methods of grain storage, aeration, drying and preservative addition.

The study, which began in July 2019, was conducted based on data compiled

by Adesco in Ireland during harvest. The extended storage period is applicable to typical Atlantic climate conditions (West North Europe) with a high average rainfall throughout the year and wetter harvests.

“The results from this study demonstrate that drying and aerating grain create a bigger carbon footprint than treating grains with Myco CURB ES Liquid,” says Carmen Coetzee, Product Manager, Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health – EMENA. “The addition of a mould inhibitor – a preservative based on propionic acid and a synergistic combination of other organic acids, their salts and surfactants – enables a reduction of approximately two to three times the carbon footprint in kilogram CO2eq per ton of grain stored, compared to aeration and drying methods, respectively.

“This information is critical to our customers, who can immediately use these insights to optimise their sustainability impact. For Kemin, this study and its results are a decisive step in defining the life cycle impact assessment of our entire value chain.”

For all the partners involved in this life cycle assessment, external validation was crucial to the study. Blonk Consultants granted certification attesting that the life cycle assessment of this study, in which Myco CURB ES Liquid was used to treat stored grain, met the requirements of ISO 14040 and 14044.

“The results of this ground breaking life cycle assessment demonstrate that treatment of grain with Myco CURB ES liquid offers the industry an immediate, significant and practical means to reduce the carbon footprint of grain processing and feed production,” says Sean O’Hare, Engineering and Sustainability Manager, Adesco.

“Our customers are reassured by recent animal performance studies indicating that using treated grain in their feeds enables them to cut their carbon emissions without loss of feed efficiency or reduced animal performance.”

“Together we could quantify the positive impact of a technical solution in terms of environmental metrics, and this encourages us to keep using data and science in our activities across the value chain,” says Inge Hageman, Global Account Manager, Dow. Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 23

Milling News

DuPont and Regina announce breakthrough in sustainability technology

D

uPont Mobility & Materials, along with its long-time development partner Regina, are proud to announce a firstto-market solution for conveyor chain and modular belts based on polymer produced from 100 percent bio-feedstock from waste (in accordance with ISCC mass balance certification).

Its new DuPont Delrin® Renewable Attributed resin is able to provide the same superior mechanical properties as its Delrin acetal resin predecessor, whilst being more sustainable.

Regina historically uses Delrin as the core thermoplastic material for its eFAST, DK2 and UP product range of chains and modular belts for conveyor applications. Regina will now adopt the new Delrin Renewable Attributed resin portfolio for such same products.

The new material, available worldwide through Regina for the conveyor industries, is the ideal solution to scale up the sustainability footprint of production lines and conveyor applications.

“The innovation leadership demonstrated by the collaboration

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between Regina and DuPont to become the first solution providers in the conveyor industry offering a full high-quality product range specifically developed in line with world-class sustainability standards, is a great achievement,” states Paolo Garbagnati, CEO, Regina.

“The conversion to Delrin Renewable Attributed resin for standard and dryrunning conveyor applications offers the opportunity to our customers to make a significant step toward achieving their sustainability targets. A solution that is good for the planet, good for our customers and good for us.”

Delrin Renewable Attributed is a good example of delivering on DuPont Sustainability Goals. These goals are helping to shape DuPont’s innovation agenda and practices that include acting on climate, enabling a circular economy, utilising renewable energy for manufacturing, and many others.

Delrin Renewable Attributed demonstrates a world-class environmental impact profile and lower carbon footprint due to: Base polymer produced from 100 percent bio-feedstock from waste in accordance with mass balance principles Ability to be up to 100 percent recycled via regrinding Production of polymer using 100% certified renewable electricity** Accreditation through the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) mass balance certification system “Providing great performance for more than 60 years, Delrin has an excellent reputation for its low wear and friction properties that allow optimal performance over a component’s lifetime,” says Andreas Zoeller, global business manager, Delrin, DuPont Mobility & Materials.

“New Delrin Renewable Attributed has a superior eco-profile, thus giving our customers and end users a lower carbon footprint while demonstrating the same quality, identical performance, maintained reliability, and the same processing experience as Delrin. This helps enable rapid adoption and ease of transition.”

Milling News

Bühler and Hosokawa Alpine to extend sustainable protein sources collaboration

B

ühler Group and Hosokawa Alpine Group from Germany have signed a strategic collaboration agreement to accelerate and strengthen the production of healthier and sustainable plant protein solutions.

Together, the companies will provide customers with the most efficient value chain for pulses being processed into protein ingredients.

As one of the leading solution providers in pulses processing, Bühler offers solutions for the intake, cleaning, dehulling and grinding of pulses, and further food processing with its extrusion technology, which texturises plant-based proteins into products with fibrous texture similar to meat.

Hosokawa Alpine complements the production process by adding its leading technology for the dry separation of pulses’ protein: fine grinding and air classification.

The combination of Bühler’s upstream pulses process and Hosokawa’s process for size reduction and classification produces the highest yields of high value protein concentrates.

Ultimately, with this partnership the companies will be able to offer customers process technology and expertise along the complete field-to-fork pulses protein chain.

for customer trials. Our collaboration goes through to commissioning and services ensuring high-quality outputs for our customers,” says Andreas Risch, Head of Special Grains & Pulses at Bühler.

Besides this latest collaboration agreement, Bühler and Hosokawa Alpine have been working together in different projects and industries since the 1980s. This led the two partners to the conclusion that their strong customer focus and innovation power make for a strong fit for the sustainable protein sector.

Apart from this cooperation agreement, both companies will continue to market their solutions independently through their own existing distribution channels.

Providing a growing world population with plant protein Peas, lentils, chickpeas, and many other dry beans are high in protein, vitamins, and minerals, which makes them an excellent meat substitute.

Pulses sit at the top of the list when it comes to providing a growing world population with plant protein.

Their cultivation is more resource efficient than most animal protein sources, with a positive impact on sustainability.

Vast expertise in protein extraction “Hosokawa Alpine will be our preferred partner for integrated solutions for our customers that are processing sustainable proteins. Thanks to their vast expertise in protein extraction, we can now cover the entire value chain for plant-based protein – from any kind of pulses to dry extrudates ready for consumption,” says Johannes Wick, CEO Bühler Grains & Food.

This statement is echoed by Dr. Antonio Fernández, chairman of the executive board at Hosokawa Alpine: “By working with Bühler, we can fully realise the potential of the value chain. With our combined technologies, we meet the market requirements in the best possible way and drive developments in the process chain forward.”

Consumers demand more sustainable proteins The strategic partnership will strengthen the innovation and development capacities of both companies. The market for sustainable proteins has been growing significantly over recent years, fuelled by end consumers demanding more sustainable proteins.

“With this cooperation, we can address customer needs from the harvest to the final product. We operate in an integrated and collaborative way to ensure a seamless experience for our customers.

“This starts with our application centres in Uzwil, Switzerland, and the brand-new Food Application Centre in Minneapolis, US, created to develop new methods of transforming pulses and grains into tasty new food solutions.

“They are complemented by Hosokawa Alpine’s facilities in Augsburg, Germany, all of them being available Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 25

Milling News

Opportunities arise in the face of change with Cereals

B

ritish agriculture is changing, Brexit, food consciousness, science and technology continue to drive changes to UK food production.

But what does this mean for the country’s growers?

Opportunity, according to industry experts.

As global markets continue to evolve, there are new trading routes for commodity producers – as well as some challenges, says David Eudall, head of arable markets at AHDB. He will be chairing the Market Outlook seminar in the New Era theatre at Cereals, June 30.

“There’s a lot of volatility caused by global and domestic pressures; from Brexit and the phase out of BPS payments, to the introduction of E10 ethanol and changing consumer demands. But there are a new and reapable opportunities for UK growers.”

Speakers - including Nick von Westenholz, the NFU’s director of trade and market outlook - will be putting a spotlight on the challenges and opportunities for UK producers in the global market.

“There is no one-size-fits-all and growers will be in a better position to weather volatility and identify opportunities if they know their business inside and out; fully understanding costs, overheads, cashflow and markets,” explains Mr Eudall. “Benchmarking, identifying skill sets, and building good relationships with key contacts will also stand the business in good stead.”

Changing consumer demands mean there are also new opportunities to serve. “Concerns over the impact of animal agriculture and deforestation caused by soya production has increased sales of foods with assurances and meat and milk substitutes like oat milk.

“Growers need to respond. It might mean introducing new crops, but growers need to remain focused on how they grow and farm to truly capitalise on market demands.”

Livestock nutrition and environmental sustainability

On day two (July 1) Roger Vickers, chief executive at PGRO, will chair a seminar on Plant Protein Potential, exploring the value of pulses in the face of changing consumer needs. “There is a good future for pulses, not only to meet consumer plant protein demands but also to deliver livestock nutrition and environmental sustainability,” says Mr Vickers.

Speakers will be summarising the market outlook for pulses and where opportunities lie for UK growers.

They will also look at how farmers can use pulses in their rotations to reduce inputs and improve their carbon footprint, while exploring how science will help in developing disease resistant varieties so that pulses can be grown more frequently in arable rotations.

“Pulses’ rooting systems fix nitrogen and create structure that improves soil biology, health, fertility,

26 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

and friability as well as significantly reducing fertiliser and operational inputs,” says Mr Vickers. “But they are generally undervalued – how do growers put a figure on the value of soil health? This session will help growers identify and attribute value more accurately.”

As the UK looks to reduce its reliance on imported soya, there is great potential for the pulses sector if industry investment is made. “At present no one is extracting protein from pulses in the UK – but we are hopeful that industry targets to reduce farming’s carbon footprint will drive investment into processing facilities in the UK.”

Crop choices of the future

Other market opportunities are forming as the result of scientific research – and visitors will hear from a range of speakers like Professor Johnathan Napier, a pioneer in plant biotechnology at Rothamsted Research. He has led a ground-breaking project using GM technology to replicate fish oils in the oil plant, Camelina – a strong contender for crop choices of the future.

“Globally we are more conscious of our health and how what we eat affects us - like the benefits of omega-3 from fish oil,” says Prof Napier. “But sustainability in aquaculture is challenged when farmed fish are having to be fed oils to make them rich in these beneficial fatty acids.”

Prof Napier’s project is a global first, using GM technology to add specific genes from microalgae to engineer Camelina plants to produce fish oil traits.

“We’ve successfully completed field trials in the UK, Canada, and USA and this has great potential as a UK commercial crop – no specialist equipment is required to cultivate, harvest, or extract oil,” he says. “The oil has also been successfully tested in human and animal nutrition.”

With a crop cycle of less than 100 days, the GMengineered Camelina is a promising break crop. And while current policy means GM and gene edited crops can’t be grown in the UK, Prof Napier urges growers to not see this as a blockade. “Research is showing that these tools have a crucial place in achieving sustainable food production and better human nutrition and health,” he says.

“The government and Defra have clearly recognised the potential of these technologies, with gene editing now in consultation and indications of a relaxation around GM policy.

“The UK is on the cusp of a whole new revolution in terms of growing crops– benefiting the farmer and consumer alike,” he concludes.

Milling News

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Selby flour mills, Yorkshire

From The Ashes: The Selby Flour Mills, Yorkshire

by Mildred Cookson, The Mills Archive, UK

Milling journals of the past at The Mills Archive

T

he story behind the construction of the Selby Flour Mills was detailed in The Miller of June 2, 1879. In fact, the story started two years earlier and 10 miles north at Naburn.

In the July 1877 edition of The Miller the destruction by fire of Naburn Mill, near York, owned by Dobby & Wright was recorded as follows: “The fire, of a destructive nature, so far as the premises in which it originated, broke out on the morning of 21st ult, in the upper storey of the Naburn Corn Mills near York in the occupation of Messrs. Dobby & Co, of Elvington.

“Mounted messengers were dispatched to York, whence a strong body of the fire brigade police were sent as quickly as possible to the scene of the disaster, but before their arrival the roof of the building was entirely destroyed.

“Though unable to save the mill, the efforts of the brigade were successful in saving the house of the managing partner, Mr. Wright, which stood immediately adjoining, and a considerable portion of machinery.

“The mill was three storeys in height, and consisted of eight pairs of stones with the wheat cleaning and flour dressing machinery, worked by a turbine waterwheel, the loss being variously estimated from £2500 to £3000 (US$3541 to US$4250).

“The cause of the fire is unknown, but originated while the mill was closed down.”

A time of revolutionary changes in milling

Since the fire a new mill had been built for the firm at Selby,

by Mr George Woods. The site of the mill was on the river Ouse, eleven miles nearer to the important town of Hull than Naburn.

The river was navigable up to that point, making it a convenient route for taking the raw materials to the mill, and for conveying the finished products to Hull.

This was a time of revolutionary changes in milling, when the 28 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

minds of millers were having to decide when building a new mill, or reconstructing an old one, whether they should follow the old traditions or take a new departure.

A miller, turning a deaf ear to all he heard from the charmers of change was indeed thought to be distinctive in deciding to proceed as if no such person existed.

The journal asked “how was poor a miller to decide?” He was likened to the boy on the brink of the stream who, in dread of the shiver, hesitates to take the plunge! He faced a ‘Gordian knot’ that cannot be untied and he was afraid to cut.

Key questions he faced included: What about the “New Process” that was said to be enriching the millers of the United States and smothering the English trade in multitudinous barrels and bags of flour?

Shall it be the high milling of Hungary and Austria which, according to some say would produce flour of the highest quality from even the poorest wheat?

Shall it be rollers or millstones? If the latter are to be discarded as not sufficiently scientific for this enlightened age, are the rollers to be of porcelain or chilled iron?

Then there was the ‘Carr-Toufflin’ system, the Nagel and Kaemp, and the Daverio systems, each making more or less loud demands for recognition, and all promising the grandest possible results.

A thoroughly English mill

Mr. Woods decided in the end on a thoroughly English mill and, as seen in the engraving, he created a building of compact form.

Work was started on May 1, 1878 and the mill was completed and turning out flour before Christmas of that year. The engineers were Whitmore & Binyon, Engineers and Millwrights of 28 Mark Lane London and of the Iron Works at Wicken Market, Suffolk.

The mill proper is shown on the right hand of the engraving, the portion on the left corner was the wheat-cleaning department, divided from the mill by a wall which is shown projecting through the roof, and through which communication was through iron doors.

Longitudinal section

Whitmore and Binyon's Iron Hurst

Attached to the mill was the lucum, where the grain was elevated from the barges on the river. The mill was 66 feet long by 33 feet wide and the height was 50 feet. It was interesting as the flour mill was the only one driven by steam power in the district. The engine was the horizontal condensing type of 30hp.

The general arrangement of the machinery was as shown in the longitudinal section drawing of the mill. The Hurst carried eight pairs of stones, the two on the left were reserved for semolina and for barley.

Other features shown and labelled in the original include, the meal conveyor, the meal elevator to the dressing silks, the flour silks, the offal elevator, exhaust spouts and trunk, exhaust fan and the discharge spout from the fan.

The wheat cleaning machinery was driven by pulleys arranged on an upright shaft getting its power through a pair of bevel wheels shown at the right of the engraving over the exhaust chamber.

The stone Hursts were secured to a solid piece of masonry so as to prevent any oscillation of the framework or vibration from

the bedstone. The power for driving the other machinery was given off at the engine end of the mill where the lay shaft was of greater diameter and strength and was transmitted to the horizontal shaft on the stone floor by means of a cross belt.

The engraving shows that the stive chamber was discretely arranged immediately above the engine room. This provided what most millers desired: the prevention of condensation of the hot moisture from the stones until it had passed into a room provided for the purpose; it also was a serviceable way of utilising the heat from the engine room.

Whitmore and Binyon’s iron Hursts were publicised at the time as being “of very simple, strong and compact form, and can be fitted for any number of pairs of stones, of any diameter, and the height can be varied to suit the requirements of any mill, at the pleasure of the purchaser. The independent form of construction renders them suitable for exportation.

They are made adapted for grinding corn, rice, cement or coprolite.”

The engineers and millwrights were based in Suffolk and the mention of coprolite (fossilised dinosaur dung) is an echo of when that important source of fertiliser was discovered nearby in 1846.

www.millsarchive.org

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Milling News

Hamlet Protein participates in Sino-Danish roundtable meeting

H

amlet Protein, multinational producer of soybased protein ingredients for young animals, participated in the Sino-Danish roundtable meeting that focused on opportunities for the swine industry to improve performance, quality, and animal health in pig production.

The event was hosted by the Danish Embassy in China and welcomed participants from government, academia, Danish and Chinese industry. The exchange of technical and scientific information, and opportunity for networking, was highly appreciated by all attendees.

Officials and researchers from China Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, professors from China Agricultural University, representatives of multinational companies like Hamlet Protein, Danish Crown and DanBred and others as well as Chinese swine industry experts were welcomed by Marie Louise Flach de Neergaard, Minister Counsellor of the Embassy of The Kingdom of Denmark in China.

The highlights of the event include a presentation

by Lu Kelun, Commercial Director China for Hamlet Protein, titled “A Good Start Makes All The Difference – The Importance of choosing quality protein for young animals.” Mr Kelun explains how providing the right nutrition in the early life stage of the pig is crucial to its health and performance.

30 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

China is the world’s largest pork consumer Denmark is among the world’s largest pig meat exporters. Around 5000 pig farms in Denmark produce approximately 28 million pigs annually. Denmark is considered to be one of the most technically advanced pig producing countries.

China is the world’s largest pork consumer. That results in growing pork production in China, for 2021 an increase between 8 -10 percent is expected. At the same time China’s import demand is a major driver in global animal protein markets.

“Our company was founded in Denmark some 30 years ago. We are happy to have the opportunity to share our knowledge with the Chinese swine industry,” comments Dr Yu Feng, Regional Director APAC of Hamlet Protein.

“In Europe we have been working with a restriction on AGP use for many years and are currently facing the ban on ZnO as well. At Hamlet Protein we have developed a range of products that can provide practical solutions when formulating diets with these restrictions, and we notice a growing interest from Chinese producers.”

The Rex Wailes Collection Kate and Becky: How it feels to work behind the scenes

by Mildred Cookson, The Mills Archive Trust, UK Much of the work on the Rex Wailes Collection relies on paid interns and student volunteers. During the Covid lockdown these have been helped to work from home, but they prefer to be at the Archive so they can see and handle the precious documents.

We provide valuable work experience for these young people, supervised by Nathanael, our archivist, and we hope to raise the finance to continue this work as we return to normal.

Kate, who is now a qualified archivist, started on her journey while she was a student after she interned for us a few years ago. I thought I would share a “background” article written at the time by Becky, one of our volunteers, who has also gone on to a successful career.

“When I spoke to Kate today, she was cataloguing the Rex Wailes collection by uploading information from one of the many boxes Rex left onto the website catalogue. She is concentrating on Finnish mills Rex collected documentation and photos of and then she must catalogue the information, such as which parish and province and then eventually Kate will scan photos on the website.

“Rex wrote a few articles for the Newcomen Society which is a society which celebrates the history of engineering and technology.

Kate told me that it was strange reading these articles because all of the information provided by Rex has so far been very factual and precise, whereas these articles are much more personal and have more emotion than any of his other documentations, which is quite nice really because after all, Rex was passionate about mills and it’s good to see that passion come across not only in the vast amount of boxes full of his collection but also in his own words.

“Also, that is exactly what we are trying to do here at the archives through the blog! We want to bring the people of the archives to life! Kate showed me some of the postcards Rex had collected and written on and honestly, I don’t know how she can read them as Rex’s handwriting is rather difficult to decipher! However, Kate said that although it is challenging at times, most of the place names are written in capitals so luckily she can read them easily.”

As Becky explained, the Mills Archive is always aiming to capture and share the passion people have for mills and milling.

NOTE TO OUR MEMBERS UPDATE YOUR COMPANY LISTING TODAY TO ENSURE YOU ARE INCLUDED IN THE 2022 EDITION!

Mildred and Nathanael introducing Kate to one item in the Rex Wailes Collection

Kate's scan of a skeleton mill for making roof shingles mill in Kustavi, Finland

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TRAINING

As the Spring 2021 edition of the Online Aquafeed Production School passes number six of the 12 session educational program, the organisers and virtually attending candidates continue to enjoy the benefits of its building momentum.

Online Aquafeed Production School passes halfway Welcoming attendees from all over the globe and featuring a broad range of topics from the world of aquafeed production, each session features two hours of live training.

The live training is then followed by a virtual question and answer session with a panel made up of the speakers from that particular day.

Running until July 20, 2021, the weekly sessions are also

Human capital is the key to success in changing markets.

Take advantage of the full potential of your plant by having your operators and maintenance crews trained.

The next courses at our Milling Academy: Oat processing August 9 - 13, 2021 Milling for executives August 9 - 13, 2021 Sortex in grain milling August 23 - 27, 2021 Advanced automation & digitalization August 30 - September 3, 2021 Wheat milling for operators August 30 - September 10, 2021 Register now: buhlergroup.com/academy

Innovations for a better world.

34 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

broadcast on consecutive days in order to accommodate two different time zones.

Organised and delivered by Progressus Agrischools and International Aquafeed magazine, each session is scheduled for the audience in Europe and Asia, with candidates able to join the Tuesday session at 14:00 Bangkok Time/09:00 CET Time.

The Friday session, which is timed specifically for candidates from the US and Latin America, can be joined at 10:00 Chicago Time/13:00 Buenos Aires Time.

If you are reading this and the course has already started, then worry not! All 12 episodes will be available to re-watch on demand for two weeks following the completion of the course.

When finished, all candidates who have either watched or attended all 12 session will be awarded an industry accredited certificate, and a new piece of information to add to their CV. For more information, visit: www.onlinemillingschool.com/ omsaquafeed

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TRAINING Principles of Conditioning - Mr Ryan Celis

Online Milling School - Spring 2021 Edition Round up of sessions 4, 5 & 6 With this, the second of four updates on the Spring Edition of this fast growing series from industry education specialists Progressus, the Spring Edition of the Online Milling School reaches its midway point.

Hosted by agribusiness executive Yiannis Christodoulou and industry journalist and publisher Roger Gilbert, proceedings are handled with a now familiar level of panache, professionalism and at times – perseverance!

As well as being in the best possible place to yield the benefits of the vast experience of the assembled panels of industry professionals, the virtual audience is also able to ask them any questions at the conclusion of each episode in special assigned Q&A sessions.

These panel interactions can often go on for a full hour, as each speaker conveys their unique take on how our industry really works.

Focussing on the subjects of mixing operations, steam & conditioning, whilst also taking an in depth look at the pelleting process, the second quarter of this edition of the Online Milling School represents yet another important piece of the vast jigsaw puzzle that is feed milling knowledge.

SESSION 4: MIXING OPERATIONS Mixing Operation – Dr Charles Stark

The fourth session gets under way with Dr Charles Stark, Associate Professor at Kansas State University, discussing the topic of mixing operations. Dr Stark begins by asking the question of what is the goal of your mixing? With perfect, random or segregated the three options that he presents.

The third of these options, segregation, occurs primarily as a result of differences in particle size states Dr Stark, adding that the difficulty of mixing multiple components can be reduced by making the sizes of the components as close as possible and also by reducing the absolute size of the particles.

Factors that impact mixing dispersion and homogeneity Mr Ryan Celis

The second of the three speakers to address the assembled virtual audience is the vastly experienced industry consultant and engineer, Mr Ryan Celis.

Examining the various factors that impact mixing dispersion and homogeneity, he begins by stating that the main function of the mixer is to ensure that every sample of feed within the batch is nutritionally balanced in terms of protein, energy, vitamins and minerals.

Mr Celis also states that in a typical mixing scenario, the longer the mixing time the more homogeneous is the mix, whilst the mixing time can be shortened by increasing the rotation of the mixer shaft.

However, Mr Celis does caveat this by adding that this increase must be limited to 15-20 percent, as beyond this the mixer shaft may already be prone to damage and power requirement will be higher.

Mr Celis also adds that even the most efficient mixer cannot produce a homogenous mixture if the components vary too much in terms of granulation and specific weight.

The third and final section of this session sees us staying in the capable hands of Mr Ryan Celis, with him leading us through the subject of the principles of conditioning.

A term typically used to describe the practice of modifying the properties of mash before delivery to the pellet die chamber, conditioning involves the addition of liquids such as water, molasses, pellet binders, and the addition of heat either through direct steam injection or indirect heat addition by conduction using jacketed conditioners.

According to Mr Celis, the primary purpose of conditioning is to enhance the physical and nutritional properties of the mash.

Conditioning may also include expanding, compacting, prepelleting, and ripening.

In this presentation, the term conditioning refers to the process after the mash leaves the mixer and before it enters the pelleting chamber and generally refers to steam conditioning, a subject that is covered in great detail during session five.

SESSION 5: STEAM AND CONDITIONING Steam and Animal Feed Milling (Quality & Principle) – Mr Stephen Bishop

Session five begins with an address from Spirax Sarco’s Divisional Consultant Specialist Mr Stephen Bishop, who discusses the relationship between steam and animal feed milling.

Mr Bishop begins by stating that maintaining optimum boiler conditions are key to system health, as good steam condition maximises its key heat transfer benefits.

Benefits of distributing at higher pressure can also lead to a reduction in the size of infrastructure required, which in turn leads to savings in the cost of installing it.

He also states that distributing at higher pressure also leads to lower losses through radiation, whilst there will be less condensate to remove.

Mr Bishop also discusses the subjects of design considerations in terms of distribution, the importance of correct pipe sizing, air venting and safe isolation; adding that all insulation including joint cladding must be secure and in good condition.

Steam distribution and process application – Mr Daniel Wells

The next industry expert to address candidates is Mr Daniel Wells, National Consultant Specialist UK & ROI at Spirax Sarco.

Addressing the subject of steam distribution and process application, Mr Wells examines the relationship between steam and animal feed overheads, whilst also assessing the effect of steam injection/humidification on animal feed processing.

According to Mr Wells, incorporating this technique into your manufacturing process will maximise uptime, minimise maintenance and improve product quality, whilst also increasing health & safety compliance, productivity and efficiency.

Staying on the subject of health and safety, Mr Wells stresses that selecting the correct size and type of safety valve is of critical importance, whilst adjustment or reset should only be made by certified personnel, with annual inspection and testing covered under legislation.

Set up and optimisation of conditioners – Mr Ryan Celis

The third and final section of the fifth edition of the Online Milling School from Progressus sees the return of Mr Ryan Celis, who examines the procedures employed to set up and optimise conditioners.

According to Mr Celis, to set-up your conditioner to the Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 37

Mill

TRAINING

configuration that will best suit your requirements you must first identify which of the five basic feed categories the product you are planning to run belongs to.

Next up, you will need to decide on the target conditioning parameters such as temperature and moisture of the product with an awareness of the prevailing conditions such as ambient temperature and initial mash moisture.

Mr Celis then goes on to say that once all of the previously listed criteria have been satisfied, wed should set-up the conditioning system to adapt to conditions wherein the level of moisture and heat additions can be controlled, though not totally, independently of each other. This list includes more heat, less moisture or less heat, more moisture or more heat, more moisture.

This can be achieved by using steam jacketed conditioners or pressure conditioners or by switching to high or low pressure settings as necessary.

SESSION 6: PELLETING PROCESS Optimising the set up & operation of a pellet mill - Mr Ryan Celis

The sixth session of the Spring edition of the Online Milling School sees Mr Ryan Celis return to discuss the key considerations that should be taken into account when setting up and operating a pellet mill.

Mr Celis divides what is a fairly extensive list into three categories – “raw material/mash,” “machine” and “process control,” with the first of these categories including physical and chemical characteristics, preparation of mash and if any pelleting binder has been used.

The second category features machine considerations including die speed and configuration, roll gap and configuration; with machine wear conditions also featuring on the list.

The final of the three categories includes conditioning, throughput regulation, fines return and liquid addition.

Mr Celis also discusses the importance of good die and roller management with weekly inspections, conscientious record keeping and regular tramp metal and bone chip removal included on his list of recommended best practices.

Introducing the Flat Die Pelleting Press – Mr Olaf Naehrig

The next section of the sixth session sees Olaf Naehrig, Senior Area Manager for Amandus Kahl GmbH introduce the flat die pelleting process.

In his address, Mr Haehrig discusses the working principle of this technique, which is typically configured with an expander sat on top of the pelleting press. The material flows and forces at the roller head are also examined, whilst the multiple options for roller numbers and sizes are also discussed, as are the benefits of the various roller surface shapes and types of die surfaces.

According to Mr Naehrig, the angle of contact within this process creates a mild shearing effect, which is very good for long fibre pelleting, whilst also affording greater pellet shape flexibility.

Mr Naehrig also states that the flat die pelleting process is suitable for various types of animal feed including that intended for poultry, pigs and ruminants.

Impact of raw materials & formulation on pellet quality - Dr Charles Stark

The final section of this session sees Dr Charles Stark from the Kansas State University return to discuss the impact of raw materials and formulation on pellet quality.

According to Dr Stark the amount and type of ingredients will affect pellet quality but the outcome is not always predetermined as it can often fluctuate drastically.

This is because there are further factors to consider that include the conditioning temperature and time, the moisture of the conditioned mash, die specifications and the grind size of the ingredients.

Dr Stark also states that the mash needs to be conditioned to 1618 percent moisture and 80- 90°C to improve the pellet durability index (PDI) in most ingredients.

Places are still available

Limited space is still available on the Online Milling School Spring edition, with all of the sessions that have been broadcast so far available on demand once this edition reaches its conclusion.

For further information, be sure to visit www. onlinemillingschool.com – good luck!

SPRING COURSE 3 Learn more – Learn onsite Enroll in the 12-week Course

www.onlinemillingschool.com 38 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

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FEFAC launch 2021 soy sourcing guidelines tool

PRODUCT FOCUS July 2021

In every edition of Milling and Grain, we take a look at the products that will save you time and money in the milling process.

The myMAG link will take you directly to the company's product information page

FEFAC and ITC have announced that the renewed Soy Benchmarking Tool for the FEFAC Soy Sourcing Guidelines 2021 is now available. The webpage has been updated following the release in February 2021 of the upgraded FEFAC Soy Sourcing Guidelines.

The Soy Benchmarking Tool complements the 2021 FEFAC Soy Sourcing Guidelines in the sense that it displays the soy schemes and programmes that have successfully applied for and passed a benchmarking exercise against the FEFAC Guidelines executed by ITC (International Trade Centre, joint UN and WTO agency).

The new tool also includes a filter system so web-users can view which responsible soy schemes & programmes comply with the new desired criterion on conversion-free soy.

This responsible soy is grown on land that didn’t come at the expense of any (illegal or legal) conversion of natural eco-systems (including natural forests) as from a certain cut-off date.

www.sustainabilitygateway.org

AGI Tramco Bulk-Flo chain conveyor

The Care-Line® Edition

The AGI Tramco Bulk-Flo™ is a heavy-duty chain conveyor that can easily handle the most challenging materials.

Offering a wide variety of possible configurations, the Bulk-Flo can tackle inclines up to 90 degrees, support multiple inlets & outlets, whilst also being compatible with curved conveying applications. The AGI Tramco Bulk-Flo can be designed in L-Path, S-Path, Loop or Closed Circuit configurations.

When space is limited and product elevation is required, the Bulk-Flo chain conveyor is reliable and an ideal choice for transporting bulk products in the biomass and bioenergy industries.

The Bulk-Flo possesses a good level of versatility and is designed to perform and handle various applications and industries such as grain handling, ethanol production, animal feed, grain milling, oilseed processing, food processing, brewing malting, distilling rendering, biomass, and aggregate.

The quality and rugged construction of the Bulk-Flo conveyor series assures years of dependable service, even in the most extreme conditions.

With its proven machine technology, packaging specialists Behn + Bates have been operating in the lower two categories of the food hygiene pyramid for some time.

So, in order to cater for the upper segment, which includes baby food, Behn + Bates has developed the Care-Line® Edition.

With the higher quality of the products, comes higher requirements for bag quality. This is because with the higher the value of the products, the more important their protection is, with quality of bagging and weight accuracy also crucial.

The bags should also be airtight, durable and provide protection against all types of contamination. In order to comply with the best possible hygiene standard and to ensure product safety.

Form Fill and Seal (FFS) bags are also used for the Care-Line® Edition, which consist of double-layer tubular foil, with the edge-tight foil seam sealing also ensuring an even better level of product safety.

mymag.info/e/1140 www.behnbates.com

BiostoneMill – BSM

The DC 11-Module from Dustcontrol UK

This machine combines old traditions with applied modern industrial concepts of milling technology. It is suitable for processing numerous types of cereals including wheat, corn, rice, barley, spelled and oats, whilst it can also be used for the production of whole-body flours and wholemeal or semi-wholemeal flours.

The BiostoneMill is also particularly versatile and suitable for small production lines, whether in farms or in industrial complexes. It can also be adapted for the production of market niches such as “zero km” flour.

The BSM can also work independently, within its own complete dedicated line, or easily installed and integrated into industrial cylinder system.

The BioStoneMill BSM is composed of: • High resistance stone grinders, which are more durable.

• The internal parts that come into contact with the product are all coated in stainless steel.

• The exterior of the machine is coated in ceramic to prevent the formation of mold.

Available in several models the DC 11-Module from Dustcontrol UK is an optimised stand-alone unit for source extraction and industrial cleaning. It has been designed to service up to six normal extraction points or several cleaning outlets at a time, and is modularly built, meaning it can be tailor-made to suit any manufacturing and production environment.

The DC 11-Module is a complete central unit for source extraction and industrial cleaning. The unit can manage just about every kind of dust and chip you can imagine.

As with all of Dustcontrol's UK equipment, the DC 11-Module can be fitted with Hepa 13 filters, meaning exhaust air can be safely returned to the work environment.

The company, based in Milton Keynes in the UK, has over 45 years of experience in developing dust extraction solutions and centralised vacuum systems to fit client requirements in the manufacturing and production industries.

www.ocrim.com mymag.info/e/1139 40 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

www.dustcontroluk.co.uk

FOCUS

SPECIAL FOCUS The GFI combined grinding and fluting machine from Ocrim affords operators an ergonomic, safe, fast and accurate working experience. the design of this machine also means reduced cleaning and maintenance, whilst it is also reliable and easy to use.

These main concepts form the basis of this newly designed tool machine. Ocrim GFI is a representative of the very latest generation of combined grinding and fluting machines.

More accurate level of performance

The numerical control panel, which is equipped with liquid crystal (LCD) colour monitor, ensures ease of use and a much more accurate level of performance. All functions are programmable through dedicated menus, with the programs automated and easy to read (Italian, English, French and Spanish).

Mathematical calculations for required indexing gears are no longer necessary. Whilst obtaining indexings from 10 to 2500 with a unit increment is also possible. An electronic handwheel allows machine axes to be easily moved during machine set up.

In terms of fluting speed, two main factors exert direct influence on substantial time saving. The first of these factors is the speed of setting up the tools and roll, whilst the other is the working speed that can be considered tripled when compared to conventional machine types. Positioning the tool and the roll on the machine to proceed with the fluting is all that is required.

Formerly, it was necessary to position the tool, to change the indexing gears and incline the spiral guide. Also change of operation is very simple and sequential. In fact, after the rectification, the fluting operation can then be started.

Cambered and cylindrical grinding

This machine can also work as a grinding machine. The grinding wheel type, the precision of bearings and machine’s sturdiness create and maintain a surface without defects and with optimum dimensional precision.

Carry out the cambered grinding is also possible on smooth rolls (reduction) in one phase only, while on traditional machines it is carried out in three different phases.

This newly developed machine is the result of Ocrim’s expertise combined with the state-of-theart technology in machine tools manufacturing. This, teamed with complete yet simple software, allows for the best fluting of any type of roll.

Ocrim GFI Combined Grinding & Fluting Machine

Setting the tool to any previous corrugation, manual movement along any axis, variation of any functional parameters, shown on the display is also possible. A video-camera indicates work progress during fluting or grinding operations.

Precision mechanical engineering

The sliding head is a structure in cast iron, fixed to the basement. A servomotor coupled to a precision reducer ensures that the requested couple and precision is delivered during the rectification and fluting of grinding rolls.

A precision mechanical coupling also creates high torsion rigidity, which is characterised by misalignments between the axis of the sliding head and the axis of the roll.

The stainless steel pins of the rolls are leant on bronze surfaces, whilst a metal shaving recovery tank, which is a tank for lubricating liquid, which reduces wear. This tank is integrated in the machine but it easily extractable to allow a rapid maintenance.

This tank is positioned under the roll under working so that all the metal shavings fall inside keeping the machine perfectly cleaned. On traditional machines a lot of time is wasted for removal operations of metal shavings.

Whilst this machine is in operation, it remains completely closed, with its two sliding doors, interlocked. These doors only allow operators to enter inside for the substitution of the roll when the machine is in manual modality.

Reduced maintenance With the GFI combined grinding fluting machine from Ocrim, integral guides, which require constant and careful lubrication and are subject to wear, have been eliminated.

The use of permanent magnet brushless servomotors, belt drives and Poly V life-lubricated epicyclical reducers and toolhead, allow long intervals between one maintenance and another.

The level sensor on the lubrication gearcase also advises the operator when it is topping up is necessary.

www.ocrim.com PDF  mymag.info/e/1147 Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 43

F

M

by Urs Dübendorfer, Senior Advisor Milling Solutions, Bühler, Switzerland

illers in most parts of the world face many challenges, from price pressure to increased competition and stringent demands from flour purchasers.

Today’s flour market is predominantly shaped by downstream processes, like industrial bakeries and pasta production.

These highly automated factories with streamlined processes need flour with consistent properties such as a specific particle size distribution and moisture content. Across different markets and geographies these requirements will differ but be no less precise. In addition, some also require flour for specialised end products.

At the same time as these requirements are becoming more precise, millers face the additional challenge that it is also becoming increasingly difficult to hire well-trained staff. This adds to the pressure modern mills find themselves under.

To meet these challenges, millers need to be able to rely on efficient processes that maintain a consistent quality output and meet specific requirements, a scenario that the Arrius integrated grinding system plays a key role in.

Improved starch damage management

Bühler’s Arrius offers a multitude of new features including a solution for monitoring grinding force and the option to measure the temperature of the rollers. The newly developed roller configuration with pre-stressed rollerpacks achieves up to 10 percent higher starch damage, increasing water absorption and 44 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

the availability of constituents for the enzymes required in the fermentation processes.

This is particularly relevant for bread making. Pre-stressing the rollerpack also ensures a precise grinding gap that remains stable over time. Double-sided sensors continuously measure the grinding force.

Taking a closer look at starch damage

Starch damage is one of the main parameters that determine the quality of flour. During the growth phase in the field, protein and starch are stored in the wheat kernel providing it with the nutrition it needs for its reproduction.

The starch granules within the endosperm are approximately the size of the diameter of a human hair – between 20 to 80 micrometers. During milling, the rollers can crack the shell of the kernels exposing the content and changing its chemical and physical properties.

We can’t influence the protein content in the wheat kernel, but we can control and steer starch damage and consequently the quality of the end-product. Each market has its specific characteristics and requirements. The most successful players in the market will be the ones who keep tightly to consistency parameters.

Operators typically check samples of the product in the lab on a regular basis, as the setting of the rolls might shift slightly during operation. The Arrius is the first serial solution to this problem.

By measuring the grinding force on both sides of the rollers, it provides a clear indication of the status of the grinding work and consequently ensures that grinding performance remains stable throughout. In combination with the data on the flow rate, this enables millers to produce a consistent, high-quality product.

F Adjusting starch damage and particle size distribution

In the process of grinding, the rollers apply two different forces on the grist: friction, as the two rollers rotate at different speed, and pressure. Overall, friction creates smaller particles, resulting in a finer flour, but does not break up the miniscule starch granules.

Grinding pressure on the other hand is strongly correlated to starch damage. When starch granules are damaged, it’s like the raincoat has been taken off and water and enzymes can get in.

Different products and markets demand different grades of starch damage. Pasta and noodle production require low levels of starch damage as this results in less water needed to reach the right level of viscosity for the dough. Consequently, energy can be saved in the drying process.

A typical Japanese noodle producer demands a fine flour but little starch damage.

Here the consistency of particle sizes also plays an important role. For other products higher levels of water absorption are required, which in turn need a higher degree of starch damage. These are typically products with shorter fermentation times, such as toast.

Achieving the correct particle size distribution on a consistent basis is key to the quality of the end product. Particle size distribution can change the overall amount of surface of the flour by a huge factor. It is essential to have full control over it,” says Mr Dübendorfer. This way operators can ensure that the right amount of water consistently

reaches a defined surface area.

Fluctuations often take place unnoticed, compromising dough conditions and having a detrimental effect on efficiency in the downstream processes. The Arrius rollerpack achieves grinding results that are consistent in terms of particle size distribution too.

Understanding the importance of temperature control

Generally, a miller will always aim to avoid excess heat. Mechanical energy that is transformed into heat represents a loss. But heat also affects protein characteristics.

Protein subjected to temperatures above ~ 42 degrees Celsius begins to react, coagulation starts and rheological behaviour changes.

With the built-in force sensors, the Arrius integrated grinding system provides a remarkable improvement, taking the grinding force as a fingerprint for what happens in the grinding gap.

With the temperature monitoring option, operators gain valuable information on the temperature distribution along the rollers. If the right end of a roller shows a different temperature than the left one, the grinding process will be quite different as well.

Counter reactions set in as the hotter part of the roller expands, causing temperatures to rise even further. Control over the process is lost and consistency of the product output impaired.

You want a consistent temperature at the lowest level. If you can keep the temperature at the same level, you have confirmation that consistency is maintained.

The more information I get as a miller the better I can control the process and keep my product consistent.

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 45

F Information on the grinding force and temperature distribution are great indicators on the status of the grinding gap. Additional digital services from Bühler provide accumulated data from sensors and machine parameters such as energy consumption.”

Thanks to the integrated webserver all this data is accessible via a PC or via mobile devices, so that millers are no longer bound to the control room.

Essential information on process parameters is made available in the most userfriendly way. The Arrius offers millers precise control over each of these key parameters, but that is not all.

Arrius also offers other important benefits too, including energy saving, efficient use of space, quick installation and flexibility thanks to mobile control and management.

Energy saving

Compared to conventional belt drives the new integrated drive unit, consisting of the machine’s motor and gearbox, allows for mechanical energy recovery saving up to 10 percent of the energy expended during the grinding process.

Efficient use of space

The Arrius relies on direct suction and an integrated drive unit and control cabinet which requires only one floor and can be installed flexibly in the plant, resulting in a significant reduction of building investment costs.

Quick installation

The retrofit with the Arrius can be undertaken with a minimum of time investment. A pilot retrofit installation and commissioning of 12 Arrius integrated grinding systems required less than a month of installation time from start to finish.

Flexibility thanks to mobile control and management

The Arrius can be operated via smartphone, tablet or on a PC located within the mill. In addition, the control system can be integrated into the Mercury MES (Manufacturing Execution System).

Consistency is king

The enhanced mechanical performance of the Arrius significantly contributes to the quest for consistent quality needed to succeed in today’s demanding markets.

The improved monitoring and improved performance of starch damage represents a milestone in modern milling. In combination with the smart sensor technology, operators have in-depth information at their disposal ensuring excellence in process control.

Arrius truly changes the market’s mantra, “consistency is king”, from a challenge to an opportunity.

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 47

F

Novel ingredients impact all aspects of animal and food production

W

by Davide Randazzo, Senior Global Sales Strategist, Bygora GmbH, Germany

ith the increase of the human population and concerns about sustainability, researchers are finding new options for animal feed and human consumption.

Novel ingredients, generally considered to be food ingredients that were not consumed before 1997 within the EU, are the key to a sustainable future within many industries and are the focus of research and development teams worldwide.

Here, I explore novel ingredients and the potential these ingredients hold for both animal feed and human consumption in future. Animals and humans can consume novel ingredients, but any ingredients in this category must not endanger or mislead consumers.

Types of novel ingredients

Novel ingredients are derived from many different sources.

Research in this field hopes to find new materials and alternative protein sources for aquaculture feeds and animal feeds. These ingredients can be taken from insects, microorganisms, fungi and algae. Other options include materials that are isolated from plants and minerals.

48 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

Novel ingredients offer consumers and animal owners a way to remove allergens, while catering to a wide variety of dietary requirements.

Examples of novel ingredients include insects, seaweed and single cell organisms, which have all been the subject of extensive research over many years. Many companies today are using these ingredients as high-protein alternatives, so they do not have to rely on traditional food sources.

These ingredients can be used for animal and human feed and food sources and are a more sustainable solution for the future.

In the past, ancient grains such as quinoa or buckwheat have been researched. These are now commonly used to fulfill dietary requirements in baking and desserts. The same is happening with insects now. There are also novel ingredients that are used to fortify foods to increase their nutritional value. Examples of these include phytosterols which come from plants. Before any of these ingredients are put on the market, they must first be approved by the EFSA and EU Commission.

Novel ingredients production

The production process for novel ingredients usually involves a means of production that is not regularly used. Novel ingredients must be produced in a manner that is not detrimental to society or the environment.

F The production method may adjust the structure and nutritional value.

It can also remove substances from the ingredients, which makes these novel ingredients suitable for certain dietary requirements. Example of production processes includes enzymatic hydrolysis.

These processes use advanced technologies and the results are classified as novel ingredients as they weren’t able to be produced before 1997.

Since the novel ingredient sector is still in its infancy, it may be difficult for producers to find clients, which is why platforms like Bygora are used to bring producers and buyers together.

Novel foods

A novel food is an item of food that has not previously been consumed in this manner or is produced using a new method. This can include newly developed foods or those produced using new technology or production processes.

The phrase may also be used to describe food that isn’t typically consumed in a certain region of the world. In the United States, these types of food are referred to as new dietary ingredients.

However, novel products are regulated to ensure there are no issues with their safety.

Novel food regulation includes anything created as part of a production process that was not used before 1997. It can also include items used in supplements or foods created from engineered nanomaterial. Novel foods for human consumption are becoming more and more popular. Some of which you may eat every day as part of your diet now.

A prominent category of novel food is designer food, which is a type of food that hadn’t previously existed in any market before.

This type of food is designed by bioengineering or biotechnical processes and is often referred to as genetically modified food. Examples of products that are produced in this manner include grains, milk, probiotics and enriched products.

Companies often refer to this process as fortification and nutrification. Consumers need to be aware however that many claims associated with the benefit of these products may be exaggerated.

Novel Foods Regulation

As far as regulating novel foods, in the EU, a new Novel Food Regulation came into place in January 2018. This also covers insects as a source of food. Under this regulation, novel foods in the EU must be tested in advance of their sale for consumption in any form. In the EU Regulation 2015/2283, the definition of novel foods is clarified, which also includes insects, foods from mineral origins and foods from cells or tissue cultures. The evaluation of novel food applications for approval is carried out by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

The EU’s list, which is part of the approval procedure, is maintained by the Commission. This lists the approved novel foods which may be marketed for consumption and makes it easier to establish what is and isn’t fit for production.

For a novel food to be suitable for consumption, it must not present any dangers to consumers and must not mislead the consumer on about its benefits. Novel foods also shouldn’t present nutritional dangers to consumers who may replace their regular food with these novel foods.

Other countries may have their own regulations, such as the Canadian Novel Foods Regulation. These will need to be considered by anyone producing or selling novel foods in these countries.

In Canada, for example, the Novel Foods Regulations state that novel foods are types of food that have never been consumed in this manner before or are created from a new process that hasn’t been used previously.

Novel foods may also include genetically modified foods which offer distinct traits that set them apart from other foods on the market. At the current time, Canada has approved more than 90 novel foods which include items such as corn and canola.

There are still some concerns in this area, as with many other areas of the world, about health and safety, which is why they are subject to such strict regulations.

List of novel foods

The EU has published a list of novel foods. All of which are approved and fit for consumption. All of the ingredients on the list have an intended use, which is clearly stated on the EU’s list. There’s also a recommended maximum level of consumption per day.

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 49

F Designer food is a type of novel food, which is created using bioengineering processes.

Examples of these include designer milk and designer grains.

Included in the category of novel food are exotic fruits and vegetables, such as the Baobab dried fruit pulp. Noni fruit juice (morinda citrifolia) is another fruit that is now deemed safe for consumption.

As a result of the novel food regulations, there have been many successful product launches. Aiming to lower cholesterol levels, both Benecol and Flora ProActiv utilise phytostanols or phytosterols in their formula.

Novel ingredients for animal feed

Animal feed alternatives are one of the key reasons why novel ingredients have attracted so much attention in recent years.

The industry is looking for a solution for sustainable feed, which will provide long-term alternatives to consuming current feed. For both animal feed and aquaculture feed, they used traditional ingredients and feed for their diets to provide a good source of protein.

However, as these are finite sources of feed, they are now considering novel ingredients instead. Algae proteins are a popular source of protein, which is now being used to feed animals, including fish, pigs, cows and sheep. Examples of algae proteins include seaweed, chlorella and spirulina, all of which can also be consumed by humans.

For animals, another good novel ingredient source are insects.

Novel ingredients can be derived from insects or marine plants and insects proteins are being considered for animal and aquatic feeds more frequently nowadays. In the aquaculture feed industry, insect proteins have been allowed since 2016 and when combined with

microbial organisms can provide a nutritious food source.

Novel foods for human consumption

Many novel ingredients and foods are currently being used for human consumption. They are primarily ingredients that are part of final products. Exotic fruits fall under this category, such as the Baobab and Noni fruits and juices.

For those with a baby or a young child, many formulas and baby foods include N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acid. Another area in which novel ingredients are being used regularly is baking, where algal oil from microalgae can be added to rolls, bread, and biscuits.

Spreads and butter replacements often incorporate oils into their production process, and Allanblackia seed oil is an example of this.

Other ingredients proved to lower cholesterol levels, with products such as Benecol. When viewing the list of novel food ingredients, you see that many are recommended for use in supplements and can easily be found nowadays in health food stores.

There is a regulation for novel ingredients and food. Therefore, these ingredients are a safe and effective source of nutrition for animals, including fish, and for humans.

When considering more sustainable animal and fish feed options for the future, novel ingredients will only become more prevalent within these industries.

Thanks to the strict regulations, you can add novel ingredients to your daily diet without concerns about their side effects or research methods. Therefore, we expect novel ingredients will become an even more prominent source of protein and feed ingredient in future years. www.bygora.com

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NEW HORIZONS FOR THE KING OF BEANS

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James Cooper looks at the rise and rise of the humble soybean: Will there ever be enough soy to satisfy our endless hunger for meat?

Image: Soya growing in Hertfordshire 2021 - photo courtesy of Soya UK

y Dad once had a T-shirt with an engineering flowchart printed on the front. It was brilliant because it solved all the fundamental questions of mechanics by reducing any problem into two essential conditions: Does it move, or should it move; a simple yes or no. In the final analysis the answer is beautifully provided by either Gaffer tape or WD40.

For us simple humans, there’s something so reassuring about simple practical solutions to complex problems. Once we’ve settled on a great solution, we tend to stick to it. For the meat industry, that universal remedy is soya.

Most supermarket shoppers browsing the fresh meat aisle, deciding what to eat for dinner, beyond the consideration of fish, pork, chicken, beef or lamb and perhaps how best to cook it, may give little thought to what that creature has eaten itself, or how its diet may have changed over the years.

It’s a simple fact that, farmed animals require a varied and nutritious diet containing complete proteins, to grow and be healthy, so that we can in turn consume them.

Surprising then that some consumers want chicken fed nothing but corn, believing it to be somehow better, or because it makes for a nice yellow colour when really a bird raised on corn alone would be slower growing, possibly malnourished and probably as a layer wouldn’t produce as many eggs.

For the most part modern farm animals have moved on from food wastes, grubs they picked out of the ground, grass on a hillside, supplemented with bits of feed here and there. Like so many modern humans production animals eat an entirely industrialised diet, brought to the farmer in bulk. And although the form of that diet has evolved, the building bricks have not: they need protein in whatever form that provides the best value for money.

There are doctorate degree programmes covering the bewilderingly complex subject of feed technology; a chemistry

52 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

focussed purely on increasing the nutrient efficiency of feed.

Indeed, more is known today about animal nutrition than human nutrition.

Thankfully, we have learned a few lessons about where to source valuable proteins in our attempts and failures to oversimplify industrial food production. Prior to 1988 the thinking was along the lines of: is it a protein source, yes; can humans eat it, no; therefore, we may feed it to animals. But the outbreak of BSE, later linked to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, quickly brought that logic to a grinding halt. What we did start grinding however, in increasing quantities was one of the cheapest alternative sources of protein and one that’s now absolutely crucial to the world’s farmers and consumers soyabeans.

Thanks to USA agribusiness, we have developed an apparently insatiable global appetite for the bean produced in vast volumes by farmers in the Americas. If you were to create a flow chart for what to feed farm animals, all routes would lead to soy.

What’s quite amazing is that the many natural limitations in protein absorption, especially infant growth of monogastric animals (chicken, pigs), are unlocked by feeding that animal some proportion of soy. It is the number one, cheap and plentiful, source of vegetable protein necessary for fulfilling the genetic Figure 1: Soybean production in tonnes - Source Our World Data

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Figure 3: Hidden soy in human diets: an estimate of the amount of soy used to produce each products, i.e. the soy footprint of each product - image courtesy of efeca and Soy Tool kit

potential of that animal, enabling rapid meat production. And ruminants (dairy and beef cows) too can convert this highly available protein directly into milk.

Thanks largely to soy, combined with rapid breeding techniques, meat today is grown faster than ever.

The most extreme example is the modern broiler, which by any standard is something of a genetic oddity. It has been bred to transform from a fluffy chick the size of a golf ball to a 1.6kg carcass on a supermarket shelf in about 10 weeks. In order to fulfil this amplified genetic potential we’ve given it - of nearly doubling its body mass each week and producing enormous chicken breasts that consumers now expect - it requires an equally modern, high-protein, rocket-fuelled feed.

It all comes down to soy’s magic amino acid profile: soy protein is what’s often referred to as a ‘complete protein’ in that it meets all the essential amino acid requirements to support normal growth in animals and humans alike, making it an ideal protein source to boost the nutrient density of compound feeds. It’s this protein, which accounts for 35 percent of the raw bean prior to further processing, which has made the global factory farming of livestock for cheap meat (and to some extent farmed fish such as salmon) a possibility.

governments. And of a monoculture spreading over huge expanses of the Americas, indiscriminately wiping out forests, wilderness and species as it goes.

And it gets conflated with GMO and American-style agribusiness such as Monsanto, with its ‘round-up ready’ varieties (glyphosate tolerant), killing pollinators, social issues in Brazil, etc, etc. The list goes on.

Add in the fact that soy is considered one of the most important food allergens (soybeans and its products are listed in Annex IIIa of the EU directive on labelling of foods), yet perversely the soybean is one of the most difficult foods for the allergic consumer to avoid as it is used in so many processed foods. It’s the classic ‘hidden allergen.’ For the consumer, all these issues get melded into a soup of general distaste towards soy. Pretty much any dirt the media and/or environmental campaigners want to throw at it, will stick.

The evolution of and distaste for soy

It’s not an overstatement to say that the discovery of this stable, cheap source of protein has been something of a miracle for human food production. During the First World War soy was crushed to make oil for human consumption and to make explosives.

The Americans had begun experimenting with using the protein meal as animal feed, but farmers were reluctant to take it up because it was indigestible to chickens and pigs. Then in the 1940s the industry worked out how to deactivate the enzyme inhibitor in the protein meal sufficiently for animals to tolerate it, and technology taken from the Nazis at the end of the Second World War solved the problem of the oil's horrible smell and flavour and bingo; As American taxpayers’ money was ploughed into subsidies, exports soared.

Until 2003, the USA was the largest exporter of soy. But through the 1990s, multinationals promoted the expansion of the crop in Latin America, financing farmers and building the infrastructure for soy exports. The obvious attraction of Latin America was cheap land and labour. Today, Brazil and Argentina are the largest exporters of soy.

And yet ironically, for the unwitting consumer who wants an abundance of cheap meat that we now have, soy is a dirty word: it’s associated with for historic and ongoing climate change and deforestation. The popular rhetoric is of environmental and human exploitation all backed by Big Ag and greedy

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Figure 2: Soybean useage - Source Our World Data

Too good at what it does

Nor is eating less meat the simple answer.

Critics of meat consumption often argue that it takes too much feed to produce animal protein and that we should instead simply feed humans what we are feeding livestock.

But this argument spectacularly fails to account for the large percentage of non-human edible materials that are fed to livestock around the world. Of course, animals don’t just eat protein, they need a compound made up of other grains, fibres, energy and vitamins/minerals and to make up a balanced and healthy diet for healthy digestion and rounded nutritional profile.

The plant-based industry wants you to believe that crops like soy, corn and barley, are mostly being fed to livestock, but according to the United Nations FAO, grain makes up only 13 percent of global livestock feed.

The trouble is, soy’s too good at what it does and so the world can’t get enough of the stuff. The modern meat industry is now almost entirely dependent on it and yet still hungry for more.

Few of us are even aware of how much soy we eat - because we tend to consume it indirectly. Soy oil is used for cooking and can also be found in margarine, chocolate, ice cream or baked goods, as well as in cosmetics and soaps. It doesn’t appear on the list of ingredients on a packet of pork chops for example. We may not eat large quantities of soy directly, if at all, but from the animals we eat or from the eggs or milk we consume.

No less than 80 percent of the world’s soy is now fed to farm animals and the proportion and protein concentration of soy present in animal feed varies considerably across different types of livestock and their growth period.

Poultry and pig feed contains the most soy, followed by cattle (dairy and beef), farmed seafood and lamb. According to the British Poultry Council over a billion birds are reared for meat every year in the UK and its popularity is growing by three-tofour percent annually, with each of us eating over 26kg of poultry annually. According to the Agricultural Industries Confederation (AIC) data, the poultry industry used more than two-thirds of the soy imported into the UK last year.

Last year 3.5m tonnes entered the UK, either as unground beans or as crushed meal. And in the EU, in 2019, approximately 30m 56 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

tonnes were imported. But there is pressure to reduce imports and become more self-reliant on home grown protein because of ongoing traceability problems of soy linked to deforestation.

George White of GLW feeds in Leicestershire (UK) is quick to defend UK soy imports because they are dwarfed by Chinese imports. “You've got to get this a little bit into perspective, one boat a month comes to the UK, and more than one a day goes to China,” he points out. I checked; he’s not exaggerating.

Chinese consumption driving demand

In 2006, to feed demand, new agricultural frontiers were opened up in Brazil, with large areas of virgin rainforest illegally felled to make room for the crop. US-based transnationals started exporting soy back to China, the country from which it originated, as newly urbanised Chinese switched to industrialised western diets.

The burgeoning Chinese middle class has since led to explosive increases in domestic consumption of meat, most notably pork.

And because of the immense growth of the domestic pork industry in recent years, China is now home to more than half the world’s pigs – most of which are fattened up on a steady diet of soy meal. The outcome of this is that China now accounts for 60 percent of the world’s soybean imports, a figure tipped to reach 70 to 90 percent by the end of the decade.

And nobody really knows where China’s appetite for soy will end, only to say that the Chinese market has been hoovering up soy at an alarming rate and there’s no end in sight. More concerning still, perhaps, is that peak demand for soy is still some way off.

In 2020/21, China imported 100m tonnes of soybeans, while the global soybean import volume amounted to around 166m tonnes (Statista). Data shows that soy production has more than doubled over the last two decades but, if global demand for meat grows as expected, soy production would need to nearly double again by 2050.

Donald Trump’s recent trade war with China has further reshaped the global market for soybeans, with produce diverted from Brazil - originally intended for Europe – heading towards China.

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Meanwhile, in Brazil, the continuing rule of President Jair Bolsonaro, heavily criticised over forest fires, has heightened anxieties amongst environmental groups.

President Bolsonaro has defended the legal deforestation of land for agriculture, rolling back environmental policies that have contributed to deforestation reaching a 12-year high in 2020. According to Reuters, recent data shows that 2020 was yet another bad year for the Brazilian Amazon. Destruction of the rainforest increased by 13% percent, despite the Covid-19induced global economic downturn.

UK concerns and the Roundtable on Soy

Figures based on data collected by the AIC and published by the government funded UK Roundtable on Sustainable Soy (RTSS, not to be confused with the RTRS), show that nearly 40 percent of soy imports in 2019 – 1m tonnes in total - came without any sourcing requirements from Argentina, Paraguay or Brazil. While some research suggests the risk of deforestation could be as low as six percent, it’s unknown whether this soy is linked to deforestation.

All this may reinforce the impression that deforestation is a necessary evil to feed growing global populations, but it’s not necessarily the case.

The RTSS was established in 2018 to start a dialogue and incentivise on sustainability. Members include traders, feed industry, meat and dairy producers, food service and most major UK retailers.

It is part of the broader UK Sustainable Soy Initiative, which also includes an outreach and engagement programme across Europe and beyond, aiming to help drive a global mass market transition to sustainable soy supply chains.

“Compared to when the UK Sustainable Soya Initiative began, we are now able to say much more about where our soya comes from, and whether forests or native vegetation in those geographies may be at risk of conversion. The volume of soya imported by the UK covered by a deforestation and conversion free certification scheme has more than doubled in just two years”, said Francesca Marietti, Consultant, EFECA, the consultancy firm helping to coordinate the roundtable.

“A couple of years ago, certified soy production was greater than demand for it, but growing action from industry, supported by the rise of sustainability initiatives in consumer countries, has now resulted in a clearer market signal that the supply of sustainable soy needs to increase together with demand for it”, Francesca added.

Changing attitudes in the UK?

“The lack of demand has been holding us up [but] we are now starting to see demand [for sustainable soy] come through,” said ForFarmers’ corporate affairs director, Nick Major, who is also president of FEFAC, the European Feed Manufacturers Federation.

Due largely to mainstream media scrutiny, much like what happened with palm oil, the consumer has made the connection between soy and what we eat, and food retail is representing these concerns.

Francesca explains, “In the UK, there was a growing need to act but the solution was unclear. Many consumer facing companies had made ‘no deforestation’ commitments and there was growing pressure from the public and NGOs. The retailers were the first to publish policies and time-bound plans (mainly in 2019), and this is now increasingly becoming a priority for other actors across the supply chain, such as food service companies, food producers, and feed mills.

“Despite the challenges of Covid and Brexit, UK industry

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F continues to explore how to achieve a mass market transition to sustainable soya.” she adds.

Pressure on feed costs

Another issue, according to FEFAC (European Feed Manufacturers' Federation), is that feed costs have increased more than producer prices over the last 25 years, confirming a general trend of a permanent pressure on our livestock farmers to improve productivity and on compound feed producers to deliver more efficient compound feed.

“Percentage inclusions [of soy] are certainly down, but they won’t go away until we’ve got alternatives”, George White explains.

“Over this last winter, every other day prices were going up.

Getting a return back in the marketplace is always lagging behind.” he adds.

“There'll be some consolidation of the industry I'm afraid to say, we have to really look at charging the right price for the (cost of) production in the UK if we're going to follow all the rules and regs that are set out. Food will become more expensive, and it has to if you want to keep agriculture running.”

“The big ‘anti’ seems to be coming from the ruminant sector”, explains George, “not a problem, we can milk cows without soy, cows understand amino acids not soy.” But, we can expect it to come at a cost.

Alternatives to soy?

“Some companies are using locally produced beans and pulses as a protein source in animal feed, but their protein content can be lower. We are also aware of some switching to alternatives like rape seed meal in dairy diets. However, it is unlikely these alternatives could commercially replace soy at scale. Research on insect protein is also underway, but this is still more of a future trend, rather than a current mass market alternative” says Francesca.

Insect protein is an emerging technology for pig and poultry feed (live insects and insect oil are permitted but not insect meal).

But there are ethical and sustainability considerations here too, including what to feed the bugs on.

Other alternatives to soy are in decline, placing further reliance on soy. Global authorities, including the FAO, have deemed the practice of uncontrolled wild fish harvesting for fishmeal production – a key ingredient in young animal and aquatic feeds as not sustainable for the long-term future.

The use of prime fishmeal in such diets for young animals has also declined because soy protein concentrate with comparable protein levels is cheaper. Other soybean specially-treated

60 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

products have also appeared with significant claims to replace fishmeal.

So, while there are alternative, even richer, protein sources available, economically and nutritionally, the oilseed meals (of which soy is the most dominant) are one of the best protein sources to be used in feed both in terms of concentration and quality.

A UK soy opportunity

Soybeans are not widely cultivated in the EU and, according to FEFAC, the EU has a low self-sufficiency in high protein feed sources, but things are changing.

One option the EU is keen to explore is to grow more soy domestically, where it is GM-free, fully traceable and not from deforested land. The EU’s soy self-sufficiency is just five percent, so protection from the vagaries of sustainability and the rollercoaster market would also be very desirable.

David McNaughton of Soy UK has, for some years, been promoting the production of hard IP ‘identity preserved’, UK grown soy. Hard IP basically means non-GMO - read traceability and environmentally sound - as opposed to ‘any origin’, or untraceable. As consumer pressure builds on sustainability and in the face of rising soy prices, his planets may be starting to align.

So how can a subtropical plant survive, let alone thrive to be a profitable crop in the UK? David explains that he has been steadily growing and breeding several strains of soy which are adapted to the UK climate from seed originally produced in the Ukraine.

“Two major things have changed and one of them is plant breeding, most of the old varieties would be no more suitable for the UK than the banana, forget it. But the new varieties will grow perfectly happily up as far north as Humberside.

“So, in the last 20 years, a bit like maize - a crop that was not viable in the UK at all - the plant breeders get hold of it and now maize is a huge crop in the UK”, David explains.

I wondered why David was getting involved in a crop with such a poor environmental reputation.

“One of the tragedies” he says, “is that soy is actually environmentally a really good crop in the UK context because it's nitrogen fixing, it doesn’t need much fertiliser, doesn’t really get any pests or diseases in the UK, so we don't have to spray it much with fungicides or pesticides.

“Yes, we do a little bit of weed control, but compared to all the other stuff it’s really low input. The UK soybean has got excellent environmental credentials. The problem only comes when you chainsaw a rainforest to grow it, then it's not very environmental.”

From a carbon perspective, the nitrogen fixing ability of

F Soy should not be underestimated. Not only does it produce enough nitrogen to feed itself, but produces extra over and above, leaving a nitrogen legacy of about 70 kilos a hectare in the ground, making the following wheat crop much more economic to produce and more environmentally friendly as well.

The other thing that's changed is the value of soy, which is what's really made it an interesting proposition.

If UK farmers aren’t convinced by soy’s green credentials maybe the financial rewards on offer will change minds. The figures speak for themselves: Profit margins last year were based on £370/tonne, this year David predicts prices of over £500/tonne for his hard IP UK contracts.

“Farmers can do a straightforward gross margin calculation and conclude that Soy is the most profitable break crop between wheat sowings.”

It’s also a great alternative break crop to oil seed rape (OSR) which has seen huge decline from around 700,000 hectares at its peak to around 250,000 hectares today due to problems with the pesticide resistant ‘cabbage stem flea beetle’, which has demonstrated the ability to completely destroy a crop of OSR. But even by his own admission David cannot replace 3.5m tonnes of imported soy.

“Even if soy replaced OSR, which was the number one breakcrop, we’d still only produce one and a half million tonnes of soy, with the best will in the world we wouldn't even get halfway there, such is the UK dependency on soy.

“When you're talking plant derived, the only things that have got the protein density and amino acids are either of two species one of them is soy, the other one is lupins,” he adds.

“People are generally ambivalent about lupins. They are

David McNaughton - Photo courtesy of UK Soya

actually a tremendous crop. In the same way that soy is overdone lupins are tragically underdone. By right there should be a vast acreage of lupins grown because in many ways they’re better than soy. There's a lot of people taking a greater interest in lupins now.”

So, would George White purchase David’s home-grown soya?

Yes, he says. “But we don't buy the whole soyabean, we buy the meal. Somebody’s got to crush it to get the oil out before we would want to use it.”

Given the high value of soy oil on the open market, this really serves to demonstrate the UK’s – and possibly the EU’s opportunity for a more self-reliant approach to animal feeding.

Will there ever be enough soy to satisfy demand?

Who knows, maybe soy and maybe its traders really are the third horseman of the apocalypse, being closely followed by Armageddon. But in the meanwhile, sustainable opportunities abound for growers, buyers and millers for this precious bean.

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 61

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Flatbread production New enzyme toolkit brings quality and economic improvements

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by Stefan Creutz, Strategic Applications Development Manager, Mühlenchemie

lour treatment specialists Mühlenchemie have developed a new series of enzyme systems that improve flours for the baking flatbreads. The toolkit contains various improvers that offer solutions for all of the different kinds of flatbread.

Mühlenchemie believe that their new flatbread toolkit makes a better final product, whilst also making the industrial manufacturing process much more economical.

leavened or unleavened, and double layered varieties. In the Near East and Maghreb, for example, double layered flatbreads like baladi and khobz are popular. Familiar varieties like naan, parotha and chapati are single layered flatbreads.

The growth of this already large market and the rising demands on production prompted Mühlenchemie to develop a new product line. This flour treatment specialist in Ahrensburg, Germany has thus expanded its portfolio of enzyme solutions to offer a comprehensive range of improvers for flatbread, in addition to its existing products for bread, rolls, pasta and pastry.

Flatbread conquers the world

Industrial manufacture places new demands

The humble flatbread has long been a staple food for much of the world’s population, particularly in the Near and Middle East and in Africa. In many of these regions, the industrialisation of food production has advanced greatly in recent years, with flatbreads no longer made exclusively using artisan methods, but also on an industrial scale.

In the western nations as well, immigration and the trend towards “ethnic foods” have made flatbreads more and more popular.

There are many different kinds of flatbreads with widely varying characteristics, and can be divided into single layered,

In industrial production the central goal is to make flatbreads with consistent quality. In order to do this, producers need flour that is standardised to certain specifications. These differ depending on the product and region. The many flatbreads made in the traditional way also need flour with the right qualities. A major challenge is that the flour has to be easy to roll out, while also being thin, stable and tear-resistant enough for mechanical working.

Flatbread is best eaten fresh and one sign of freshness is that the bread is easy to fold. Depending on the type of flatbread, it may have to stay fresh for several days without getting too dry or soft in its structure.

Despite its large surface area, the baked flatbread must not lose too much moisture through evaporation, as water loss and recrystallisation of the starch would otherwise make the bread drier and less flexible.

Improving quality and economy

This multiplicity of requirements led Mühlenchemie’s enzyme specialists to develop a toolkit that makes the production of all types of flatbread easier. It consists of a series of enzyme systems for breads with short baking times that provide better dough working and baking characteristics. These include higher stretch, rollability and dough stability and better browning during baking 62 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

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F - which also intensifies the flavour.

The solutions in the toolkit extend flatbread freshness too, thus improving the economy of flatbread production, which was an important criterion in the development of the toolkit. To this end, it also includes solutions that make it possible to use flour with low falling numbers, and other cheaper wheats, without sacrificing the quality of the final product.

The enzyme systems in the toolkit also help the dough to absorb more water, which gives higher dough yield for the same amount of raw material.

New improvers for specific products

The flatbread toolkit consists of several Alphamalt improvers, the EMCEbest WA Visco+ and EMCEbest Flatbread RoG improvers and specific enzymes. Used individually and in combinations, they provide targeted solutions for many different requirements in the manufacture of flatbread.

Alphamalt Flatbread can be used for a wide variety of flatbread applications. This improver makes dough more stretchable and improves mechanical as well as manual kneading. It also reduces dough contraction, improves browning and gives the finished flatbread a better chew sensation.

Alphamalt Flatbread Plus is likewise applicable for many flatbreads. It provides the same benefits as Alphamalt Flatbread, with the additional function of extended fresh-keeping. Flatbreads stay soft in storage, so that they still fold and roll well.

Alphamalt Parotha was developed especially for parotha, a flatbread that is kneaded by hand and pan-baked. This improver makes the dough less sticky, so it rolls out better, whilst also providing extended freshness preservation for the finished product.

Alphamalt Flatbread Crumb is ideal for thicker flatbreads like Turkish pide and various types of tandoori breads. This improver stabilises the dough during fermentation and baking. It also gives a fluffy dough, more volume and better browning. The finished bread is softer and easier to break, without being too dry.

Alphamalt Tandoori is ideal for naan and tandoori breads. It reduces the stickiness of the dough, whilst also giving it more stability. It also increases water absorption and makes the dough more flexible without making it sticky. Furthermore, it extends workability time.

EMCbest Flatbread RoG is used primarily for tandoori breads and Egyptian flatbread. This improver raises the dough’s falling number and so increases its stability. The dough remains workable for several hours, without sticking.

EMCbest WA Visco+ can be used for making all kinds of flatbreads. It increases the dough’s water absorption capacity without making it stickier.

Alphamalt Fresh FB is a family of improvers that can be used for double layered flatbreads like pita and Egyptian baladi, to give longer freshness and softer bread that can be easily folded or rolled. This group contains the improvers Alphamalt Fresh FB 71015 and Alphamalt Fresh FB 71016.

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Endotoxins

The ever present enemy of highperformance animals

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by Iris Kröger PhD, Dr Eckel Animal Nutrition GmbH & Co KG, Germany etter genetics and intensive feeding typically results in more productive livestock. However, this approach can also make the endotoxin problem much more acute.

Feeding animals high-energy or high-protein diets to meet their requirements causes a shift towards gram-negative bacteria in the microflora of the intestine or rumen.

Endotoxins are released when gram-negative bacteria replicate and die in the digestive tract. They are then subsequently absorbed through the intestinal wall and transported to the liver, especially if the gut barrier is compromised by inadequate diet, pathogens or heat stress. If the level of endotoxins exceeds the liver’s capacity to detoxify them, they trigger severe immune reactions in the animals.

This drains them of a lot of energy, energy that is no longer available for growth and performance. Studies have shown that the high energy requirements of the immune system reduce feed efficiency by up to 27 percent.

Many farmers confirm this, so endotoxin-related problems are not isolated cases, but cause serious problems even on wellmanaged farms.

Implications of endotoxins in all animal species Recent research has demonstrated the implications of

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endotoxins in all animal species, with the findings suggesting that they threaten productivity, animal health and welfare.

In dairy cows, concentrate feeding leads to endotoxin concentrations in the rumen that are eight times higher than those observed in forage feeding. A meta-analysis showed that the endotoxin load in the rumen increases proportionally to the amount of concentrate feed, followed by an equal increase in inflammation markers in the blood.

Repeated endotoxin administration in dairy cows also reduced daily feed intake by 10 to 20 kg, favouring the occurrence of abomasal displacements, which were observed in half of the animals exposed to endotoxins.

Moreover, exposure to endotoxins led to metabolic disorders and chronic immunosuppression, making cows more susceptible to mastitis and retained placenta. Microthrombi in the claws due to endotoxins may also trigger the onset of laminitis and lameness.

In pigs, sows suffering from constipation are particularly susceptible to endotoxins in the digestive tract. As in cows, this presumably causes an increase in cases of claw lesions and lameness.

In addition, endotoxins suppress the release of prolactin and trigger increasing cortisol concentrations, thus inhibiting the secretion of colostrum and milk, since lactation depends on the well-balanced interaction of a number of hormones. This results in mastitis-agalactia syndrome in sows.

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F Moreover, endotoxins can be transferred from sows to piglets via the placenta, colostrum or milk, resulting in microthrombosis and necrosis in piglets. In a recent study on piglet producer farms, between 50 and 100 percent of piglets were affected by tail, ear or footpad necrosis from the first day of life.

Another period where there is an increased risk of necrosis in piglets is shortly after weaning, when the gut flora struggles to adapt to solid feed and the amount of endotoxin in the piglets’ intestines rises.

In poultry, several studies have shown that endotoxins dramatically affect intestinal morphology. Examples include decreased villus height and crypt depth in the intestines of broilers, and reduced laying rate and body weight gain in layers and broilers.

Due to the high calcium requirements of activated immune cells, endotoxins also reduced eggshell stability and bone strength. Interestingly, systemic effects of endotoxins in broilers have also been shown to increase pulmonary arterial pressure, a major risk factor for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) syndrome and ascites.

All in all, endotoxins pose a serious M&G_febbraio_2021_ESP.pdf 1 27/01/21

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Figure 1: Anta®Catch: The effective triple mode of action against endotoxin effects

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Figure 2: The innovative activation of Anta®Catch ensures high endotoxin immobilisation

F threat to the welfare and health of livestock, whilst also limiting the profitability of the respective farms due to various performance-inhibiting effects.

Protecting livestock from the effects of endotoxins

In principle, there are three approaches to addressing the challenges posed by endotoxins in livestock. Firstly, preventing high levels of endotoxins in the digestive tract reduces the risk of severe endotoxin problems in animals.

Secondly, an intact gut barrier reduces endotoxin transport from the gut into the blood. And thirdly, preventing chronic inflammation in the animal limits excessive immune responses triggered by endotoxins.

The combination of strategies to decrease the impact of endotoxins on livestock requires a number of measures to optimise feeding and management. In terms of feeding, animals should not be exposed to rapid dietary changes (during transition or weaning, for example) to avoid massive lysis of gram-negative bacteria in the digestive tract.

Also, sufficient fibre is necessary to ensure healthy gut flora.

Infection with pathogens like Clostridium, Eimeria, E. coli and Cryptosporidium must be prevented to maintain an intact gut barrier. In terms of management, measures to reduce heat stress are crucial, since heat stress decreases intestinal blood flow and compromises the gut barrier due to negative effects on tight junctions. Besides, feeding stress that affects the animals’ resistance, whether from feed restriction, malnutrition or poor feed quality, should be avoided.

All these measures may help to reduce the impact of endotoxins on farm animals. Yet they are difficult to achieve in practice.

Therefore, there is a need for feeding solutions that specifically

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Grain

target all the aspects of endotoxins.

A unique solution

In order to address these issues, Dr Eckel Animal Nutrition has developed Anta®Catch, a unique solution that helps feed producers, farmers and animals to specifically combat the negative effects of endotoxins.

Its triple mode of action reduces the harmful effects of endotoxins across the board: it decreases endotoxins in the digestive tract, its prebiotic ingredients support the intestinal barrier and, its phytogenic ingredients protect the liver by counteracting excessive inflammatory responses (Figure 1).

Consisting of carefully selected raw materials that have been combined to provide the best protection against endotoxin-related problems, the product is activated in a unique process.

This is initially achieved through rectification of the cations on the product’s surface, thus enabling AntaCatch to immobilise endotoxins over a wide pH range, effectively catching a large amount of endotoxin in the animal’s intestinal tract (Figure 2).

In addition, micronisation of the phytogenic ingredients in AntaCatch improves the efficiency of their release and increases their effectiveness in protecting the liver by counteracting excessive inflammatory responses.

A serious threat to high-performance animals

Endotoxins pose a serious threat to high-performance animals and reduce their health, welfare and productivity. Dr Eckel Animal Nutrition’s latest innovation constitutes a major step in protecting animals from endotoxin-induced problems, this is achieved by simultaneously exploiting all strategies for their reduction.

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GUT HEALTH M

A holistic approach can help producers maintain the required balance by Álvaro Ortiz, Technical Service Manager, Gut Health Solutions, Evonik, Spain ore and more professionals are looking at gut health as an important parameter in diet formulation. The intestine is the only internal organ regularly exposed to the outside world and consequently it handles the conflicting tasks of letting nutrients in on the one hand, whilst keeping unnecessary and potentially harmful substances out on the other.

The intestine acts as a selective barrier and we can therefore find an intensive presence of immune cells watching what happens in the gut. This is very important as there is a high presence of micro-organisms – the ‘microbiota’ – that are in constant negotiation with the host.

Evonik’s recent findings show that the microbiota is an essential component of the intestine, one that is directly correlated to the wellbeing of the animals, their resistance to disease, their capacity to digest nutrients and more.

Therefore, it is easy to understand why gut health is directly correlated with economic success in animal production.

Directly correlated with economic success

Gut health is defined by the interplay of three crucial factors, which includes feed, microbiota and mucosa (both the intestinal barrier and mucosal immune system) and there are very close 74 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

interactions between them all.

The connection between the microbiota and feed for example is that bacterial families can use undigestible polysaccharides and ferment them in the cecum. Lactobacillus found in the small intestine use monosaccharides and disaccharides, with the agents in the feed composition having an effect on these populations.

We can also find interactions between vitamins and microbes in both directions, as some of the vitamins in the feed can be used by these micro-organisms which are not able to synthesise them.

On the other hand, some of these microbes can synthesise groups of vitamins that will be used by the host, for example vitamins in the group B. In addition, some dietary vitamins such as B12, C, E or A can modulate the microbiota by promoting or decreasing the fitness of determined bacterial species. We can also find interactions between feed and mucosa, for instance the presence of allergens in the feed can induce an immune response, an allergy.

Also, we can observe a very close link between microbiota and mucosa. The immune system can recognise some specific compounds found in the surface of microbes, such as Microbeassociated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs).

These are like the fingerprint of the bacteria; the identity card which is presented to the immune system and then recognised as a commensal (positive) bacteria, or a potential pathogen.

Tolerance of the normal gut microbiota is a vital element of enteric homeostasis requiring an extensive network of regulatory

F immune cells, including Tregs and tolerogenic dendritic cells.

If this fine balance is broken, there will be an excessive flow of undigested nutrients in the gut, an imbalance in the microbiome composition can occur and a destabilization of tight junctions (leaky gut) can be observed.

This then affects the other parameters, modifying the microbiota and increasing the concentration of undigested nutrients, leading to inflammation and an impaired gut function.

Finding alternative gut health solutions

The concept of gut health must now be achieved without the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). The recommendations for alternative gut health promotion includes strict down-time between placements, optimum stocking density, good litter/waste management, environmental housing control, pre-starter feed (to ensure an early gut colonisation) water quality and sanitation, diet formulation/digestibility and feed additive alternatives.

Evonik are working with customers in at least three of these areas, providing probiotics to assist with gut colonisation, advice about optimal diet formulation and supporting customers with new scientific based feed additives.

There are several AGP alternatives available on today’s market, including phytogenics, organic acids, prebiotics and probiotics.

However, the literature shows that not all probiotic species have the same effects and consistency (not even the same strains belonging to the same species), so producers need to ensure they are getting expert, scientific advice and reliable supplies.

In addition, animals usually eat less when they are being affected by solutions included in their feed. However, they normally continue to drink, a water-soluble probiotic administered by livestock managers via the water lines can

therefore have a significant impact.

By putting the probiotic in the water lines producers can react quickly at the farm level when animals are exposed to stressful situations, because there is no need to change the feed formulation.

Striking a cost efficient and sustainable balance

Animal production can be compared to a game of Jenga.

Sometimes when the tower falls we believe it was due to the removal of the final piece, but in fact there were a number of previous actions that had already brought the system to a point of no return.

Taking a holistic approach to gut health can help producers maintain the balance needed to produce healthy livestock in a cost efficient and sustainable manner.

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Reaping the rewards of industrialisation

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by Nihal Alakoç, Turkzam, Turkey

hen we examine the economic development of every country, the industrialisation stage always shows itself to be very significant in terms of technological and financial progress.

After all, it is during this developmental period that necessity often inspires the discovery of new technologies, as well as driving the need to accumulate capital. The industrial stage in itself has a life curve, so long as the curve advances, increases in capital can be achieved throughout it.

New developments in flour production technology continue to prompt improvements in both efficiency and capacity. Today the global flour industry continues to grow in strength, with only a select few producers now controlling vast swathes of production in the market, whilst there has also been a considerable increase in shares now owned by multinational companies.

Throughout the previous four decades, the flour industry has enjoyed a period of intense consolidation in many industrial countries. Just as it is in all other industries, a severe and often destructive level of competition exists in both domestic and international flour markets. The general trend in the flour sector factory production is that capacities are gradually expanding while the number of producers is decreasing.

From the post-1980 period to the present globalisation stage, this emerging situation has formed the core subject of many debates. It is said by some to be an invasion that must be resisted, whereas the vast majority consider it an unstoppable reality just like the flow of time.

That said, a topic that cannot be overlooked or underestimated is the opportunities that this apparent new world order presents, with globalisation having a great and undeniable effect on it. The world has now become a global village where borders have been

76 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

removed.

As people dealing in flour, we are always open to competition and developments that occur in our line of work. In this period, right when the value of brand gains value by day, the agricultural sector is also another field that experiences change.

Establishing effective chains

Asides from technological development, another way of establishing efficient factories is by observing the high supply and value element, which has a lot to do with proper management of chains.

Firms that want to become global or regional actors in order to conquer, have not only formed a solid base of customers but several strategic partnerships as well. Establishing economic relations and being globally or regionally competitive proves to be challenging enough.

We must also remain mindful of and not forget to fully utilise the advanced technology that we have at our disposal, which if well applied can bring about an agricultural level of mechanisation in flour production. It is also worth noting that any production goals set may differ on an individual, national and global scale, so any measure of its success will always remain subjective.

Factory based production is among the aspects that are currently expanding in the flour industry. Therefore, such facilities have to develop some strategies in order to survive, which means that 4.0 technological innovations and modernisation investments are an important phenomenon that will shape the future of production and consumption. They will also be an important factor in determining the flow of wealth between countries.

Turning crisis into opportunity

In order to combat increasing costs effectively, companies should make the most of opportunities to cooperate with one another on such aspects as raw materials, supply, product marketing and logistics their priority.

F Small companies also need to specialise in the production of product varieties that will keep them afloat. This can include items that Turkzam calls useful products, or they can benefit from the increasingly popular organic farming concept and strive to get a share from the expanding flour export markets.

The great sacrifices that we all have had to make in order to survive the crisis of recent years should be appreciated by all parties, especially policy makers. In this context, regional associations and federations have been established to protect all flour industrialists and their interests.

That said, all parties concerned do have to continue to make a serious effort for the future of the sector, especially the product quality issue and 4.0 technological developments in the new era.

When common policy and strategy decisions are made, consulting the general consensus within our industry is one example of making a serious effort for the future of the sector.

An example of principals that are in alignment with industrialists include being open to systematic and continuous improvements in accordance with quality management conditions, whilst also tailoring what we produce in accordance with customer requirements, such as the desired level of quality and delivering what they order to them on time.

Further examples of the realisation of these principles include: • Prioritising the provision of support that will increase the knowledge and skills of employees.

• Providing a working environment that places importance on team spirit and ethical values.

• Adapting to and incorporating the latest technological developments that will increase the service efficiency.

• Implementing and maintaining a consistent monitoring and

measurement system.

• The implementation of a plan to improve levels of compliance with international standards.

• Adopting an infrastructure and working environment that prioritises occupational safety and worker health.

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Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 77

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STORAGE

Rodent control

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Prevention is always better than cure

by Andrew Wilkinson, Milling & Grain magazine

ustralia is known all over the world for being home to some of the world’s most deadly creatures. From venomous snakes to nightmare stoking spiders - if you’re scared of it, there’s a good chance they’ve got it.

With this in mind, it may come as a surprise to many of us that the “monster” that is hitting the headlines of late is the innocent, unassuming house mouse. Now on their own these creatures are delightful enough - but like a drop of rain when compared to a tsunami - a plague of mice presents a very serious problem.

Scientists say that the key catalysts for the plague have been favourable weather conditions after years of drought, teamed with the nation’s second biggest grain harvest on record.

As well as threatening winter crops, the plague is also threatening the mental health of farmers, who have already absorbed the devastating impact of drought, bushfires, floods and Covid-19 in recent years.

Dramatic footage showing mice overrunning grain stores, fields and houses have been broadcast all over the world, with residents in rural towns fighting pitched battles against the furry critters, which continue to gnaw through wiring on home appliances, infect water courses and there have even been reports that they have bitten patients in hospital beds.

In the worst affected state, New South Wales, farmers unions are warning that the invading army of wild house mice could cost them A$1 billion (US$765 million) in lost crops and poison baits this season.

There is no way of telling when it will end either as predicting how long the mouse plague will last is also very difficult because it can end abruptly as a result of disease, food shortages and cannibalism.

Not only does the mouse plague have costly financial implications for farmers but it also threatens public health.

Mouse urine could spread serious diseases to humans, including leptospirosis and lymphocytic choriomeningitus, which could cause similar symptoms to meningitis.

Preventing a plague of this size is serious business and taking

78 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

preventative action to ensure your facility is not a soft target is in the best interests of anyone who stores grain or any other type of food on their property, whether in Australia or anywhere else in the world.

An article written by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) contains a number of measures that if put into place, we can all try to restrict any damage we suffer as a result of rodent infestation to an absolute minimum.

Rodents pose a continuous problem

In all countries, including warmer countries like Australia, rodents pose a continuous problem because of the climatic conditions, uninterrupted food supply and relatively open structures. Therefore, the FAO recommends that the control of rodent pests should be approached as a problem that should be continuously managed, rather than with a simple and single action, such as a mass poisoning.

For a control strategy to be effective, those handed the responsibility for the issue need to be trained with this kept updated. Their activities must also be coordinated, responsibilities confirmed, inputs and equipment readily available, whilst the entire action must be governed by a detailed and easily available plan. It should also be stressed that information from different sources should be incorporated into a control or management strategy and not just the techniques.

Once a large population of rodents has established itself in a store, considerable losses that cannot be retrieved will have already occurred and subsequent control action is expensive.

Therefore, establishing a plan of action in advance will save crucial time, as mice reproduce quickly.

In fact, a single pair of mice can create 500 pups in a breeding season, which usually lasts from summer to autumn. So not having to get organised as the outbreak should help to limit the physical and financial damage that it inflicts.

Coordinate and synchronise control activities

An important element of any rodent programme is monitoring.

Usually this means surveillance, such as regular site checks, for the presence of rodents. However, it should also mean looking for features in the environment which would encourage rodents to

F migrate into it.

Monitoring should be organised formally and regularly, with specific staff made responsible for certain areas, with them then reporting back on the situation periodically to a superior.

Control of a rodent infestation is rarely complete success.

That said, if it is, then it is usually only for a very short period, so there is a need for continuous monitoring; regardless of the techniques and bait used.

If an area is made rodent-free due to good management and/or effective control measures, rats from near-by areas may then migrate into it. It is therefore more efficient if control campaigns are conducted in several adjacent areas simultaneously.

In the case of both large and small stores, surrounding areas including adjacent structures should also be deinfested. This means that all parties involved should coordinate and synchronise their rodent control activities in order to achieve maximum effect.

Taking preventive measures

The old adage “prevention is better than cure’ is just as true for rodents as it is for other pests and diseases.

Therefore, the prime objective of any rodent control campaign should be to create environmental conditions which will discourage or prevent the pests from reentering an area after its rodent population has been removed.

Like humans, rodents need food and shelter to survive, so if we are going to control them, it is of vital importance that we reduce the availability of these two key factors which, according the FAO, should be central in devising any kind of strategy. In the case of buildings, the most effective method of rodent prevention is the improvement of hygiene in and around them.

Essentially this means sweeping the store and keeping both it and the surrounding area clean and tidy. They also recommend keeping it free from any objects such as empty containers, idle equipment or discarded building materials, as these could provide cover or nesting places for rodents. Removing food scraps left over from feeding pets or domestic stock at the end of the day's work should also help to resolve the food issue.

In a tidy storage facility, any infestation will be noticed almost immediately, making other control measures far more effective. With reduced access to food and no places to hide, rats will not become established inside a building, as regular disturbance is something that rats and mice avoid.

Control procedures should take the life history and behaviour of species present into account as rats also avoid clear spaces. Therefore, by keeping a strip of two or more metres around a building clear of vegetation will reduce the chance of rats entering the building. This should be reinforced by keeping a strip of about one metre on the inside from the wall totally clear and swept. Branches overhanging the building should be lopped off to prevent climbing species of rodents from entering.

According to the FAO, the above suggestions are enough to eliminate serious problems with rats and mice in buildings, even in stores where large quantities of food items are stored. Rats feel uneasy if their paths and markings are removed or cleaned daily by sweeping. The

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Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 79

F rodents will not feel secure enough to remain in a building and damage packaging in their search for food. If they do, the damage is minimal and immediately noticeable.

Preventing rodent contamination

Although removing all food from stores and households is not practical or possible, restricting the amount of access that rats have to it is. By regularly inspecting buildings for possible entry points or keeping food in rat proof containers, you can vastly reduce the likelihood of them gaining access to any stored feed or food.

In order for this to become a reality, floors and walls should be kept in good repair. New holes dug by rats should also be filled in immediately, with cement reinforced with pieces of crumpled chicken wire. If cement is not immediately available, then the FAO recommend creating a temporary seal with tightly packed earth between the wire mesh.

The important point is that repairs should be carried out as soon as the damage is noticed, which should be within a few hours of it being done if the building is inspected daily. Although rats are active mainly after dark, they will move about during the day as well when there is no human activity. Therefore, doors of stores should stay tightly shut during the day as well, when the store is not in use.

If the building itself cannot be made rat proof, then foods and other valuables should be kept in earthenware containers or metal drums with good lids.

Complementing hygienic practices with chemical control

In large stores, particularly those situated in built up areas, it may be necessary to complement the previously mentioned hygienic practices with chemical control.

If the use of chemical control is deemed necessary, as acute poisons invariably cause bait shyness, especially if applied over longer periods, it is strongly recommended that only anticoagulant rodenticides are used in buildings.

It should also be remembered that rodents living in and around buildings are particularly suspicious of new objects, such as bait, bait stations and traps. Therefore it may take some time before these are accepted by rats.

Great caution should be observed at all times when chemical control options are put in place as these poisons can be very harmful to all animals, including people. All care must be taken to ensure that all stored food is not in any way contaminated, with all food stored in airtight containers.

Fumigation

The control of rodents by fumigation can be very effective, but it can also be very expensive and potentially dangerous. It should be remembered that the gas must have access to burrows in order to be effective, if these are even located within your building.

The burrows should also be open and the fumigant used must be heavier than air.

Contact dusts

Contact dusts are powders that contain rodenticide which are placed on runways and other places frequented by rodents, such as outside burrow entrances. Such dusts, whilst also serving as tracking powders, are favoured in the control of house mice which, because of their erratic feeding behaviour, are not easily controlled by chemical control.

The dust is picked up on the fur and feet and, since mice groom themselves often and regularly, it is automatically ingested.

However, care must be taken when using such dusts, as they may easily contaminate stored products like grains and may be undetectable.

Rodenticides are poisons

We should always remain very mindful that rodenticides are poisons and should be treated as such at all times. Some may be more toxic to humans or non-target animals than others, some non-targets may be less affected by certain rodenticides than others.

Nevertheless, it is important that safety procedures are rigidly enforced wherever they are used. Therefore, the FAO recommends that the following safety precautions are put into place as an absolute minimum when handling poisons: Wearing protective clothing during operations.

Not eating, drinking or smoking during operations.

Wear a dust mask at all times.

Keep baits out of reach of others, especially children and pets.

Thoroughly washing the skin, clothing and equipment after handling.

Natural prevention through predation

Normally predation will not keep rats and mice populations at economic levels, with one exception being the keeping of cats.

It is worth noting that cats do not directly control rats and mice by feeding on them. In fact, it is their presence rather than their ability to hunt and kill, which keeps most rats and mice away.

The FAO cites a survey conducted in a Myanmar village, which clearly indicated that households with cats had no rats while those without cats in the same village were visited by rats.

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…The adventurous journey aboard the Argo ship with destiny in the hostile lands of Colchis to the regaining of the golden fleece ...

Author - Dr Sergio Antolini, Ocrim & Paglierani of Cremona, Italy

Those who are about to investigate the depths of nature, must first remember what the origin of Man is.

- Alexander von Bernus AS IN HEAVEN, SO ON EARTH

Man's need to develop his own evolution while remaining in harmony with the cosmic forces that govern the Universe and our solar system, is articulated in a dialectical relationship between the need for one's own autonomy and the opposing subjection to planetary and cosmic cycles.

The most ancient civilizations have been able to preserve with reverence an anthroposophical vision of reality, permeating every single gesture, in a respectful daily sacredness. The higher order of the Cosmos is perceived in the lived spiritual relationship with reality, and every force present in nature is brought back to divine beings and entities. Although the human faculties aligned to this vision have been lost over the centuries, the awareness of a spirituality linked to planets, stars and entities that represent them is preserved in the legacy of traditional sciences.

In many practical aspects connected to medicine, agriculture, health and the organization of daily life, the ancient septenary model is still recognized today, which is referred to for almost all the organizational aspects of practical and spiritual life. Every day of the week, even if it escapes us by now, in all the 82 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

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SATURNIA TELLUS Filippo Sassòli The theme of the harvest brings with it a very rich memory of meanings: represented since ancient times it is linked to the rites of death and rebirth and to the symbolism of wheat. A tradition in which this work by Filippo Sassòli is also inserted, which depicts two men intent on working in a rural landscape with an ancient ruin evidently inspired by the mausoleum of Cecilia Metella in the background. And it is precisely humanity between nature and history that is told in this image: of the gifts that nature bestows, but also of the fatigue of man's work and the ruthlessness of time that leads to inexorable ruin. A painful awareness which, however, is opposed by the tenacious work of the man who proceeds in spite of everything. In the drawing, which is defined by a solid formal balance, every detail is traced with meticulous precision thanks to fine pen games, where the dotted alternates with crossed strokes. A technical skill, never arid and an end in itself, which Sassòli with his clean and strongly evocative sign at the same time is capable of transforming into visual poetry.

It is a refined interplay of symbols and references that underlies this work by Filippo Sassòli who re-elaborates in a completely personal way the relief depicting Saturnia Tellus, the Mother Earth, which adorns a part of the east side of the marble altar of the Ara pacis. The artist focuses his attention on the central part of the scene that represents the Earth holding two putti in her arms, with an ox and a sheep at her feet and a bunch of grapes and pomegranates in her womb, which combine to identify her as parent deity.

The scene is transposed into a fantasy landscape. A translation that symbolically carries to unite, to conceptually superimpose, the fragment of the bas-relief to the same material to which it refers, that is the earth itself. The pen and brush drawing, which pays homage to the purest engraving tradition, is able to render every precious detail and to follow in every ripple the chiton that covers the female figure, but also to vividly outline the surfaces. And at the same time to become light in describing the clouds of the sky, as if to "weigh" the air, recalling the words of Leonardo in the Treatise on painting: "The cloud is lighter than the air below it, and it is heavier than the air above it ”.

languages ​​of Europe, is derived from the planetary deities, in Italian precisely Monday / Moon, Tuesday / Mars, Wednesday / Mercury, Thursday / Jupiter, Friday / Venus, Saturday / Saturn, Domenica / Dominus Sole. In the anthroposophical tradition the ancient septenary is associated, according to the Chaldean succession (Saturn / Jupiter / Mars / Sun / Venus / Mercury) to cereals, which in common consumption have been precisely seven for millennia.

It is easy and evident to associate wheat with the Sun, and therefore with Sunday, despite the fact that the solar nature is present in all cereals.

The Sun, central engine of our cosmic system, attributable to the major cult figures of a Solar God (from Osiris, to Mithras, to Odin, up to Christ), dispenser of gold photons and health, also central in the Chaldean scale, opens wheat has the same centrality in Mediterranean cultures.

Principle Primo Masculine, the Sun (according to Rudolf Steiner guide of Right Intention), is expressed in the wheat showing, in a full and consistent ear, with the glumette with the rests so turgid to be supported in a vertical position, its virile nature.

The sacred ear of corn in the Egyptian myth is an attribute of Osiris: the phallus / ear, after its killing and subsequent dispersion of the limbs, is found by his wife Isis, who fertilizes the earth, clearly recalling the sowing.

Twenty-eight ears were then born: seven times four, as a symbol of eternal abundance, activated by the 4-phase Lunar cycle, which still regulates sowing today.

In Egypt artifacts in the shape of Ankh are intertwined with the ears, the handled cross of sacred symbolic imprint, generous dispenser, signifying the equivalence between wheat and abundance.

The Neolithic agricultural revolution turns wheat into real wealth, and wheat, or "grain" is still synonymous with money in slang language.

The Seed becomes a bargaining chip and tax, while the future currency will have the same colour that of gold.

If the Sun is the planet to which wheat refers, by colour, Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 83

F strength and power, Jupiter represents wealth and luck, in filled granaries whose abundance means food / grain in large quantities. In the entire Zodiac, whose first languages are ​​ cradled precisely in the fertile Crescent, the dual cycle of light and dark, life and death, traces the evolution of the individual in the circle of equatorial constellations, hand in hand with the life cycle of the seed of wheat.

After the celebration of the Summer Solstice, where the Sun at Zenith reaches the peak of its growth on the Tropic of Cancer, during the Festival of Light and of the harvest, the golden crops ripened in the sun's rays undergo the harvest in the sign of Leo. The energy of Light on Earth has nourished the seed and transformed with alchemical magic into grain, the solar energy into Life. The Sign of the Virgin, linked to the myth of Demeter / Ceres and Persephone / Proserpina, is placed between harvest and sowing and marks the processing times. Now the light begins to transfer a growing part of its vital energy to the chthonic world of Hades / Pluto, starting a slow and continuous descent into the dark and silent Underworld, where the semen, simulacrum of the Corpus, is destined to die by fertilizing the womb of the earth. , of the Mother Goddess, as Aeschylus sings in Coefore, 127: "The earth which alone gives birth to all beings, nourishes them and then receives the fruitful germ again."

In the single dying seed there is the germ of life, in the dark there is the seed of light.

... Beauty is the first word that appears in the Bible. When God created the world, at the end of each day, the Bible in Genesis says: "(...) and God saw that it was beautiful." Beauty is what pierces us, which amazes us, which enchants us, which makes us feel good.

Every life that is born, immediately begins to approach its end, at the moment of its death, but precisely in that death the germ of its rebirth will be present, in an eternal cycle, as the Spirit of the wheat carries out with annual and cyclical deaths and resurrections. In the human being, as in the wheat, what lives is Life itself. One of the teachings of the Dionysian, Isiac and Eleusinian mystery rites was precisely this, as also in John, XII, 24-25: “(...) if the grain of wheat fallen to the ground does not die, it remains alone; if it dies, it produces much fruit. Whoever loves his life loses it and whoever hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life. " In the sign of Libra, with the Autumn Equinox, the seeds, carefully selected for their chosen characteristics, are selected and carefully preserved, until the moment of sowing which renews the cycle.

The Sun attenuates its calorific energy and its light, the introspection of twilight increases, while the seed, in the dark sign of Scorpio, accepts solitude, the challenge of being buried in the dark, to keep the light within itself.

Survive in silence to strip the old identity, resist confidently to change and be reborn.

In the sign of Sagittarius, full of enthusiasm, in search of a perfect space in which to express himself, he explores and expands, emitting roots in search of resources to develop.

Only thanks to the tenacity of Capricorn, sacrificing light and heat and endowed with only the essentials, does the seed continue its journey as a hermitage.

Then, suddenly, in Aquarius, he begins to imagine a new path, to

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feel the project, to perceive the becoming and begins to glimpse the light, to feel its warmth.

Now the passed tests, the integrated teachings, lead the seed to total evolution, to transformation through the sign of Pisces into another reality, between one incarnation and another. It finds the push to go back up, to look for light, heat and its nourishment, it tunes to the frequencies of the incipient Spring Equinox. It then expresses all its strength, imprudently explodes, pushes itself beyond the obstacles of the ground and emerges on the surface, with the courageous and vital ardour of Aries, indomitable.

It faces the instability of the climatic conditions and consolidates its space around it with the patience of the Bull, it makes its way around, it supplies itself with nourishment and it strengthens, slow and sensual.

The gem stands up, multiplies phytohormones, restlessly gets acquainted with the world around it in the sign of Gemini, absorbs energy from the outside, prepares to accept fertilization and, in the subsequent sign of Cancer, generates fruit, reproduces spikes, generous, maternal, offering the world precious nourishment. It matures in the increasing heat of the Sun until the Summer Solstice, accompanying the cyclical becoming of Light in the fullness of the sign of Leo, majestic, until the new harvest, until the storage of the harvest in the sign of Virgo, in the succession of light and shadow, under the aegis of the myth of Demeter, deprived of her daughter for six months, in the depths of the underworld. At the behest of Demeter herself, Triptolemus taught humanity the most ancient agricultural techniques.

Thanks to the cultivation of this new source of food and the nascent agricultural culture, knowledge, arts, religions developed, and humanity was able to gradually find new spaces and opportunities for expression.

F

INTRODUCTION

From the Natufians, inhabitants of the Fertile Crescent, to the Senator, ancient wheat with long legs, like a curbstone between the green revolution and the genetic revolution, here is the mill in whose belly the gears bite time. Great time gear!

And again bread to represent life and man's ability to think, to use nature, to intelligently satisfy his own needs.

The Argonaut, in an imaginative journey from the geosphere, to the biosphere to finish at the noosphere, crosses the domains of human evolution accomplished through spiritual means, language, intelligence, industry, society, to probe them in opposition to domains of biological evolution.

Transported by the great game of emotions, appealing to philosophy, cosmology, science, theology and poetics, the Argonaut crosses the landscape, flying or sailing, both in the air or in the water, respecting physics, but also fantasy, in which there are no trajectories, because time and space are no longer correlated with each other.

Sophism or philosophy?

The first is not related to cosmology or even to the archè, the primeval force that dominates the world, from which everything comes and to which everything returns, while the second is based on knowledge, where metaphysics (part of philosophy that deals with authentic aspects of reality), physics and science are the basis.

Faith or science? Faith is the refuge of non-knowledge, science is the explanation.

But is it possible to have knowledge of white without knowing black and thus, with the sophist spirit, also allow the biologist to fall in love?

In such a journey, history, mythology, astronomy, religion and philosophy come together to generate traditions, culture, art and crafts.

The Paleolithic Era acts as an incipit in the background: Here begins the journey, and you with me.

Wheat like Hermaphrodite, son of Hermes and Aphrodite, and how Karpos is the fruit to which the indehiscent reproductive process belongs.

And again ... geosphere, biosphere, noosphere, the Greek kuklos, the dominion of man: a real matryoshka.

Biosphere Lola Schnabel

There is no distinction between man and earth: microcosm and macrocosm made of the same substance and linked together by deep roots, in a continuous flow that seems to become the very symbol of time that passes.

Fire, water, air and earth present themselves in their power and the body of the tree woman becomes a symbolic place of fertility, in which everything seems to stop for a moment, frozen in an eternity in which even the colour itself becomes more full-bodied for an instant.

The canvas is thus transformed into a place where precious alchemical reactions are created, and where we witness the creation of new worlds, new gems and that “karpos” fruit that has the divine generating power in it.

Lola Schnabel offers in this work a painting in which gesture and colour merge.

A decisive and full mark that is accompanied by brushstrokes that flake off almost losing their colour, and then are transformed again into a material body.

In next months edition of Milling and Grain, we present Act 1 of Argonaua

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 85

EXPENSIVE CORN FEEDS INTO WHEAT PRICE - AND SOME WEATHER ISSUES TOO

by John Buckley

What Mother Nature has in plan for the wheat crop still remains to be seen, but the tour captures a moment in time for the yield potential for fields across the state.

Wheat Quality Council’s Hard Winter Wheat Tour of Kansas Amidst its own estimated record world supply, how has the world wheat price recently managed to climb to multi-year highs? Much of the recent strength has been down to a shrinking supply outlook for maize, mainly in Latin America, raising the intrinsic value of cereals per se and demanding increased use of wheat in the animal feed sector.

This corn shortfall (details further down) has recently pushed the Chicago futures prices close to parity and on some physical markets, even to a premium over wheat. It’s quite a shift from earlier this year, when nearby CBOT wheat futures were trading a more normal US$1-1.50 per bushel premium to the usually far less valuable coarse grain.

In the US itself, only about one tenth of wheat use is in feeds but the proportion could rise if the price differential stays slim. The same is true in Europe and is already happening in another big feed wheat user, China, where wheat has for some time been cheaper than maize. Many Asian corn importers are also reported to be switching to wheat.

So, while the first forecasts for 2021/22 world wheat production remain on an upward trajectory (plus about 13 million (m) tonnes at some 789m), stocks might actually start to head ‘south’ from the current season’s all-time peak of almost 300m tonnes.

That would hardly be a tight number for wheat in terms of the global stock/use ratio. However, things look less ‘loose’ when considering half this stock is held ‘off-market’ in China and likely to be drawn down in the substitution for maize in feeds.

US and EU wheat stocks are smaller than usual Although US and EU wheat stocks are smaller than usual, the non-Chinese element in total is no tighter than in recent past years when the CBOT market was sometimes trading half the current price. Still, wheat sellers have to respect what is happening to the maize price.

As well as the feed factor, wheat has been responding to some crop weather issues of its own. The main US winter wheat crop in worse condition than last year’s while US spring wheat crop, emerging more quickly than usual despite an initial freeze threat, faces stress from dry weather and potential heat-waves as we go to press in mid-June. Spring wheat (other than durum) accounts for about 30 percent of the total US wheat crop. These normally high protein hard milling wheats are, of course, prized for bread-making quality and used by some importers to ‘blend up’ cheaper, lower-grade wheats.

Recently this factor has made some US spring wheat farmers wary of guaranteeing proteins on new crop sales – though, if the weather improves soon, this might prove a transient issue.

Drought-like conditions have also been worrying Canadian wheat farmers. This year’s mainly spring-sown crop was also estimated by government body Statistics Canada to be going in on nearly seven percent less area.

On the EU market, response to the North American crop news was enhanced by the Commission trimming its 2021 soft wheat crop forecast to 124.8m tonnes (though leaving it still well up on-year and versus the five-year average).

Around the same time, Russia’s analysts have shaved a few million tonnes off their own 2021 crop forecasts – though Ukraine is expecting a 9.5 percent crop expansion.

All this was enough to excite some big investments in rising futures from the managed funds, helping the CBOT price at one stage briefly top US$8/bushel (about US$294/tonne) – a 50 percent rise from the start of this season and a neardoubling from its 2019 lows.

More promisingly for consumers, another big supplier, Australia, looks likely to produce its second bumper crop in a row. Estimates range around an above-average 27 million tonnes versus last year’s 33 million but it could be bigger on current forecasts of good rains in the main growing period.

With harvests around the corner and some big importers delaying or downsizing their tenders, the spectacular rise in wheat prices has recently plateaued off somewhat. However, if maize prices continue to lead the market up, wheat will be under strong pressure to follow.

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Another factor in the strong wheat price has been top supplier Russia’s recent moves to control its export. From June it has operated new variable levy scheme calculated weekly from a world value decided by its own trade panel. In the first week, this worked out at the equivalent of US$28.10/tonne versus over US$60 when the previous duty regime ended.

But whilst that might seem to favour Russia competition in international import tenders, some observers have suggested big buyers like Egypt could be put off by the risk of buying forward without knowing the size of the levy.

On top of that, a respected Russia analyst trimmed its forecast for the new season’s exports based on an expected smaller crop and more competition from Europe and Ukraine’s bigger crops.

Only a week or two before, officials had signalled they planned to export more in the new season. Russian crops meanwhile got some needed rain but not enough in all areas to give confidence in the official 81 million (m) tonne crop forecast.

Recent market factors Canada’s officials trimming their crop forecast 1.8m to around 31m tonnes, mainly in nondurum wheat which, along with increased feed use, was expected to result in lower carryout stocks.

The EU picture continued to look looser for the year ahead as the Commission raised its 2021 soft wheat crop forecast to 126.2m tonnes and estimated exports at 30m. For the almost finished old crop year, exports are 26 percent down at 23.7m tonnes.

Reports of a possible record 108.8m tonne Indian crop, now approaching harvest, were another reminder of wheat’s plentiful new season ahead. India is not usually a large exporter but is carrying forward far larger stocks than usual and, after the past year’s run-up in world wheat prices, might be tempted to expand its programme from the current two million tonnes or so.

An annual producer survey showing a much better than expected crop forecast for top US state Kansas, pointing to yields some 23 percent higher than those expected in the last USDA forecast and 35 percent over the long-term average. However, spring wheat – a quarter to a third of the crop – could suffer drought/heatwave depleted yields.

A potentially later EU harvest after a cold start could stiffen early new-season prices but the bigger crop will eventually play bearish.

Argentina’s crop was forecast by the Rosario Grain Exchange to rise three percent to a record 20m tonnes (though the USDA is actually higher still at 20.5m).

China bought a record three million tonnes of US wheat this season but less went to some other Asian and western hemisphere customers.

World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) The USDA’s eagerly-awaited first take on next season’s wheat market had enough bearish markers to beg some caution from recently bullish buyers. Bigger crops and exports expected from Europe, the UK, Ukraine, Argentina and others far outweighed expected smaller ones from Australia and Canada.

The Department expects a 29 percent increase in the seasonal average price its farmers will get in 2021/22, thanks to the unusual firmness of the corn and soybean markets, driving extra wheat consumption.

USDA also expects a six million tonne expansion in world wheat trade in the new season.

While (unlike the past season) none of the increase would be down to China, the latter was still expected to provide a second year of record 10m tonne imports – two to three times its normal level.

Crop risk fuels firm corn The USDA’s first (May) forecasts for 2021/22 world corn supply, demand and price, offer no immediate hope of respite for consumers forced to pay much higher prices over the past season – and even this scenario may turn out too optimistic.

World production is seen rising by 61m tonnes, consumption by 32m but alongside some adjustment to past stock estimates, the world carryover is just nine million tonnes higher than last year’s multi-season low of 283.5m tonnes.

Key factors include the US crop rising from last year’s 360 to 381m tonnes, largely on a four percent increase in yields (planted area was eventually seen only marginally up on last year’s).

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The problem with that forecast is a so-far lower-rated crop struggling recently with heat and drought. Some rain is forecast but ideas on amounts and timing differ. The next month will be crucial as weather then could make all the difference between expensive and more affordable maize. (like wheat, corn has arguably been undervalued after eight or nine years in the US$3 to 4 per bushel doldrums basis CBOT futures).

Based on its May data, the Department had a forecast seasonal average farm price for corn of US$5.70 per bushel compared with this season’s US$4.35 and 2019/20’s US$3.56. The futures markets tell a different trend as we go to press with prices seen down as much as 10 percent a year hence why corn’s recent value has been more than double that when the season began.

The less than ideal US weather follows a period of uncertainty over production in the USA’s leading export competitor, Brazil where the second or Safrinha crop, crucial to exports, has been suffering its own heat and drought problems. Exports from a late-sown/harvested total Brazilian crop have already been down sharply. Argentina also had a smaller than expected crop this season and shipping disruptions from port strikes.

The crop concerns have drawn attention away from a slowdown in US sales to top customer China although it continues to figure strongly in US shipments of maize bought forward earlier in the year. Support for corn prices has also been offered by US corn ethanol production (40 percent of US corn use) reaching its highest level since February last year although stocks have risen too, indicating demand not quite keeping up.

Brazilian consultant Safras e Mercado forecast the total maize crop just over 95 million tonnes versus the USDA’s last estimate of 102 million (m). Another Brazilian analyst, AgRural slashed its estimate for the Safrinha crop by 17 to 60m tonnes. Some analysts think the total crop could be as low as 90m.

US maize exporters have sold forward 14.6m tonnes of their next crop – a new record for forward business, thanks largely to booming trade to China (10.7m). So far in the past season, China has bought 23m tonnes from the US, almost 20 times as much as at this time last year, under a trade pact to buy more US produce. USDA estimated new season’s Chinese demand for US maize will again reach 26m tonnes.

China has not been the only importer taking more US maize in a year of supply issues from main competitors South America and Ukraine.

Sales have also risen to other countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa.

In total, the US this season is expected to supply about 38% of world maize trade, Brazil 18.5%, Argentina 17.4% and Ukraine 12.5%. All of these main rivals are seen growing more in 2021/22, The USDA expects Brazil to reap 118m tonnes (102m) Argentina 51m (47m).

However, these estimates come months before planting, let alone cultivation, so must be considered highly negotiable. More influential near-term may be Ukraine, where crop estimates range up to 37.5m tonnes (last year 30.3m), the EU – seen recovering by 2.7m to 66.7m and China where local analysts are looking for a crop almost four million over USDA’s 268m tonnes (plus 7.2m on year). But if the US doesn’t get its expected bigger 2021 crop, prices could swiftly start targeting recent highs again.

China’s burgeoning consumption (+five million tonnes) remains the biggest single country element in the USDA’s global estimate of a near-32m tonne rise in corn demand. As in the wheat market, a whole raft of countries is expected to import more maize, even at these 90 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

expensive prices (including a four m tonne EU bounce-back).

Soya should boost oilmeal supplies World soya crops are again expected to make the main contribution to greater oilmeal supplies in 2021/22, according to the USDA’s first 2021/22 season forecasts.

These saw a 22.6 million tonne gain in soya output alongside five million tonnes more sunflower seed, 1.8 million tonnes more rapeseed and two million more cottonseed. Smaller oilseed crops are also expected to mostly head up.

The optimistic early forecast is subject to the usual weather caveats, however. In the US itself heat and lack of rain have lowered crop ratings, questioning whether yields will achieve USDA’s forecast 50.8 bushels/acres, slightly up on last year’s when crops were in better shape at this stage, However, given this year’s big (five percent) jump in sown acreage, the US may still be on track for bigger harvest – if weather normalises before too long.

Despite the weather jitters, the US market has been restrained amid slower export trade as top customer China turns increasingly to newly harvested Brazilian soybeans.

Recovering energy markets have also influenced a soya-oil-led price rally for soybeans. The CBOT soya complex had already been supported by strong prices and fears of short supplies for rival edible oils, palm, rape and sunflower.

Firmer energy markets too could reinforce ideas that, as post-Covid fuel use recovers, the US can use a lot more soya oil in bio-diesel.

The USDA is already pitching new season’s demand in this sector at 12 billion lbs – 26 percent more than the current marketing year and almost 39 percent higher than in 2019/20.

However, exports from Brazil’s record 136 million tonne crop have been speeding up seasonally after a delayed start, rising over 16 percent on the year during May and may dominate trade now until the next US crop arrives in September. One Brazilian observer raised the current (2020/21) crop forecast to 137.2m tonnes. But against that one local observer this week estimated Argentina’s current crop at only 43.5m tonnes versus USDA’s 47 million and its movement onto export

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markets remains at risk of port strike disruption.

USDA’s early forecasts for Latin American output in 2021/22 are bearish – Brazil 144 million tonnes, Argentina 52m but, as in the maize market, it is far too early to see these numbers as reliable.

The bottom line is that the US still faces extremely tight starting stocks in September, keeping the market extremely sensitive to any crop weather problems in the interim.

In May, CBOT soya futures briefly traded eight-year highs over US$16.70/bushel (about US$613/tonne).

Argentina has contributed to market strength, exporting substantially less than at this time last year. Local traders blame the country’s weak currency, encouraging farmers to hold raw materials as a hedge against inflation.

Taxes on exports are also seen as a disincentive to grow and sell the crop in this, the third largest soya producing country.

Record rapeseed costs A belated recognition of just how tight this season’s rapeseed supplies could get in key producers Canada and Europe has been reflected in soaring prices on both markets. With further support from strong soya, palm and sunflower seed markets, Winnipeg Canola futures traded over CAN$1,000/tonne for the first time while Paris futures set a new peak of EUR€500/tonne.

Reviving energy markets also played into the bullish narrative sparking off ideas that more rapeseed oil could be used in bio-

diesel. Hopes of a rebound in Canadian supply have been cautioned by hot dry weather as the crop is being sowed/germinating. Some rain may be on the way but at best, production may be lucky to get to 20.5 million tonnes versus last year’s low 19 million.

With demand for Canadian rapeseed strong, end season stocks (in July 2022) would still be only one third of the past season’s level. Europe could produce about 1m tonnes more at some 17.2m tonnes but would need big imports again to meet demand (about 6.3m tonnes).

Regular EU supplier Ukraine might have a bigger crop this year but that could be offset by a smaller one in another key source, Australia.

Rapeseed prices have backtracked somewhat in recent weeks with reversal in soya markets, which set the trend for the whole oilmeal sector.

However, costs of canola meal in the season ahead seem likely to remain more expensive than seen in recent years.

Domestic demand for Canadian rapeseed is expected to expand sharply as agri-business majors ramp up their crushing operations there to mee growing deman d for bio-diesel made from rapeseed oil.

It means Canada will need a bigger crop in future years to cope with export demand too.

The current season’s combined export and domestic demand is already seen over 21 million tonnes.

French analyst Strategie Grains expects 2021/22 season’s prices to exceed this season’s highs.

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Industry Profile

Entil

D

The Double Layer Centrifugal Casting Process

by Yakup Yurt, Technical Advisor, Entil, Turkey

ue to the conditions in the global economy, the increase in competition in the flour industry continues to force factories to race for superior capacity, efficiency and quality.

In order to be at the top of this race, crushing and milling the wheat grain in the most economical way, ensuring high quality, capacity and efficiency should be at the top of the issues.

In this environment where technology develops every day, the increase of competition in the flour industry as in all production areas, pushes companies to seek technologies that will provide them with advantage and superiority. Because technology is one of the most important production tools that can give companies an advantage.

Firms that produce milling machinery and equipment have to be in an endless development process to respond to the demands of millers and offer them technologies that will make a difference.

and developing the right technologies, making the right demands or responding to the demands with the right technologies, is a matter that requires more attention for both millers and machine manufacturers.

The rate of consumption of bread and bakery products, which are the main food products of the rapidly increasing world population, is also increasing. Therefore, attention should be paid to crushing and grinding the wheat in the most efficient way possible and to ensure efficiency with high quality and capacity.

The work of flour and mill process engineers are focused on minimising energy consumption, achieving high quality, efficiency and capacity.

In order for mill and roller machine producers, even those who make the milling process, to reach the desired quality, capacity and efficiency in the final product within the planned working period, Entil Rolls uses its 45 years of experience to produce the most suitable product. The company still successfully continues its special alloyed roll production with Double Layer Centrifugal Casting Process.

Focusing on energy saving & efficiency

The Double Layer Centrifugal casting process

In the past, the focus of technology demands was on machines that could produce more quality, but today's demands focus on many issues, from energy saving to efficiency. Accordingly, there should be many technological options in response to these demands.

In such an environment, following all these processes, choosing

94 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

These important features of our rolls, which have been developed to crush at the desired micron in flour factories, come from carefully corrugating, crown cambering and sand blasting processes and chemical resistance. This increases the life of the rolls.

Rolls with P&D studies are preferred because they give superiority to the roller machine and provide higher and longer performance than their competitors in efficiency.

According to an Entil Rolls source, following the product development phase, the abrasion resistance of the cracking rolls was made approximately 38 percent more efficient in normal operating conditions. This was when compared to the normal cracking rolls and the standard life of the roll was increased depending on the roll fluting diagram.

It is possible to make granules by cracking the wheat grain in the desired standard sizes for a long time in the most efficient way according to the cracking passages.

In smooth rolls, chemical and mechanical applications have been made during the product development phase in order to obtain better grinding and product in the desired micron.

When compared to the usual smooth rolls, it is made approximately 40 percent more efficient in normal operating conditions and the standard grinding life is increased depending on the roll diagram.

In this way, the possibility of obtaining products in the desired micron from the smooth passages in the production line has been facilitated. By increasing the precision of the roller mills, it is possible to make standard products.

Producing consistent quality, capacity and efficiency

This improvement, which we have made in the rolls for flour mills and milling machines, has enabled us to produce at the same desired quality without any failure. Improved rolls made it easier for the roller mills to work more efficiently due to their precise adjustment possibilities.

Flour factories, which are industrial facilities in every country of the world, want to have the opportunity to work 24 hours a day and close to 340 days a year. For this, besides the functions of crushing and grinding of rollermills, these technologically developed rolls, which add value to the grinding process, are also very important for production. For quality, capacity and efficiency in flour mills, crushing and grinding rollermills are very important depending on the diagram.

Rollermills with 16 to 20 micron sensitivity adjustment should have the same precision grinding properties for months. Of course, special and precisely produced rolls are needed to have these features. It will be difficult to adjust the rollermill and produce quality products with the rolls that have problems with the calibration.

Rollermill manufacturers give these applications as roll

properties in the form of diagrams given by millers and process engineers for manufacturing.

Improvements always require investment

The last improvement made will help the process engineer to reach his goal without any problems, which adds value to the rollermill, with perhaps the most essential aspect being that it will help the miller to produce the best quality flour that they want sooner. The result of this success is observed in flour factories that have been commissioned with rolls made of P&D in recent years.

Expenses for researching improved rolls were not avoided.

Because investment is always required when seeking better quality and greater financial returns. While searching for quality, additional costs are expected and new prices are created by considering the current sales prices.

About Entil Rolls

Entil Rolls was established in 1965 in Eskisehir, which is one of Turkey's leading casting factory. The production part of the company consists of three parts. In one department, they produce machine parts, casting as onepiece up to 22 tons respectively, another department produces automobiles and different parts with machine moulding lines and they have one production facility which produces special alloy cylinders in any desired size.

The company will continue to seek to produce the best quality cylinders for flour factories, mill machinery and other sectors with its innovative and experienced staff, who are always researching with its casting and metal experience, laboratories, R&D unit and all technical facilities.

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 95

CS

Case Study FLOUR MILL

Bungasari Flour mills The partnership formed by FKS of Indonesia, Malayan Flour Mills and Japan’s Toyota Tsusho has created the region’s most advanced milling company, PT Bungasari Flour Mills, Indonesia.

I

n recent years, Asia Pacific consumers have begun a major shift in food preferences and have dramatically increased their demand for wheat-based food products.

In response, three giants of Asian industry have formed an alliance to bring a new level of quality, variety and reliability to this expanding market in Indonesia and the neighbouring countries.

The partnership formed by FKS of Indonesia, Malayan Flour Mills and Japan’s Toyota Tsusho has created the region’s most advanced milling company, PT Bungasari Flour Mills, Indonesia.

The partners bring many decades of experience and knowledge to the venture. Bungasari’s first flour milling plant in West Java with its first production in August 2014 features the most advanced technology, designed and supplied by Golden Grain Group and has world class research facilities.

World leading milling experts have been recruited to

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manage and operate this state-of-the-art flour mill plant, with the aim of producing an exciting range of innovative products at more consistent quality levels that have raised the benchmark for the industry.

PT Bungasari is not just another flour mill. It is an innovator in what has been a traditional business. Driven by research and development, equipped with leading edge technology, Bungasari source only the best wheat available to produce superior quality flour, so that it becomes the best raw material for wheat flour-based food manufacturers.

The growing family of experts bring passion and integrity to every aspect of Bungasari operations to ensure it remains in touch with the needs and expectations of Bungasari customers hence Bungasari stand out as the premium producer in the industry. Bungasari Vision is ‘To be Indonesia’s most prominent flour milling business’

Ensuring reliability, sustainability and consistency

Indonesia is an archipelago of thousands of islands.

Here, more than perhaps anywhere else in the world, strategic location is one of the essential factors to ensure reliability, sustainability and consistency in production and distribution.

PT Bungasari Flour Mills divides its activity between a number of different locations.

Company Headquarters are logically sited in the heart of the country’s commercial capital, Jakarta.

The first flour mill is located in the port area of Cilegon with deep water access to ship unloading facilities for the importing of raw materials and shipping of finished products.

PT Bungasari Flour Mills, Indonesia has now officially opened two new flour milling facilities located in Medan, Sumatera Utara and Makassar, South Sulawesi on December 16, 2020.

The opening ceremony of the new facilities

was held using the theme “Bungasari Horas-Ewako” with the shareholders and the board of directors from Indonesia, Japan, and Malaysia, together with their distributors and partners attended the ceremony virtually.

Now, distribution has been expanded to cover more than forty five cities and establishes Bungasari as a leading manufacturer in a growth industry. With the total investment of US$135 million on a total 20.7 ha land area, Bungasari is proving its commitment to continuously expand its production capacity in order to keep up with the ever growing customer demand.

President Director of the PT Bungasari Flour Mills, Indonesia, Budianto Wijaya also explains that one of the main purposes of developing facilities is to ensure the continuous supply across Indonesia for good consistent quality and competitive flour products.

The new facilities in Medan & Makassar will enable more efficient supply chains to supply customers in North Sumatera and East Indonesia where not many flour producers are capable of serving large capacity demand in the region.

With the passion and determination to continue reaching the customers all over Indonesia, both flour mills facilities that are equipped with the latest technology and machinery from Golden Grain Group and were commissioned towards the end of 2020 calendar year. www.bungasari.com

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www.ottevanger.com Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 97

CS Case Study Bühler's NIR sensors help to get the protein level Nelstrops' customers require

Case Study FLOUR MILL

F

Flour power Bühler proves a key quality ingredient in Nelstrops’ recipe for success

or more than 200 years, Nelstrops has been making the finest quality flour. In 1820, aged just 19, William Nelstrop crossed the Pennines from his family’s farm in Yorkshire to establish his eponymous flour mill in the UK town of Stockport, now a historic but still fully functioning milling site.

In juxtaposition of the traditional site, in 2017 Bühler installed a brand new flour mill for Nelstrops at the same location in Cheshire, UK. Side by side, the two mills convey the traditional past versus contemporary present and evolution of Nelstrops. The new site features cuttingedge technology that helps to ensure the quality that the company has become well known for.

Online particle-size measurement system MYTA delivers accurate data in real time

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Nelstrops is proud to still be an independent family business with seventh generation Nelstrop, Kate Syers at the helm running the new mill’s day-to-day technical and quality assurance operations.

Nelstrops has won numerous awards for the exceptional quality of its flour, which is made from the finest wheat and sold to large bakeries, discerning chefs, as well as craft and home bakers throughout the UK.

Quality assurance

Extending to the technology that it invests in, Nelstrops’ uncompromising commitment to quality is evident in its selection of Bühler as its key partner. Bühler maintains a strong focus on digitalisation, with a wide range of online sensing solutions and digital services.

Bühler’s sensors are able to analyse various quality characteristics of bulk raw material, flour and semolina MYRG detect subtle color in real time. Installed at deviations and contamination different critical points in a and releases an alarm to alert the mill they enable automatic miller of any issues adjustments to be made to a miller’s process during operation.

Bühler is the trusted supplier of the NIR Multi Online Analyzer (MYRG) which allows highly accurate online analysis of wheat entering the mill, as well as the finished flours that are milled.

The NIR Analyser enables rapid production stream adjustments, with waste and downtime minimised and

Case Study F quality assured. It comes with a large selection of precalibrated applications and data is automatically saved and stored, making product quality transparent and traceable.

“Bühler installed a brand new flour mill for us in 2017 and the NIR Analzyer was part of that project,” says Conrad Syers, Joint Managing Director at Nelstrops. “As the company has progressed, we’ve kept close to Bühler’s evolving product portfolio. We’ve used the MYRA [Bühler’s first sensor] since the late 1980s, although we still use it and it operates just as it should, investing in the NIR Analyzer was a natural progression for us.

“We’re also replacing our MYFB damping equipment with the newer Automatic Moisture Control System (MYFE). I want to minimise downtime and sticking with the Bühler brand facilitates that.”

As Kate Syers reveals, Nelstrops uses its new NIR sensor heads to “ensure constancy and repeatability,” adding that “it provides us with a highly efficient way to add the precise amount of gluten to get our flour to the protein level customers and bakeries require. There’s absolutely no waste, which saves us money on vital wheat gluten, which is very expensive.

“In both our mills we have a starter bin, we put less in the newer mill’s starter bin than we would in the other mill’s one because the NIR Analyzer provides the precision that allows us to put in the exact right amount. As a miller, you see wide variations in wheat protein, but the NIR Analyzer evens it all out, resulting in reduced gluten usage.”

MYRB allows highly accurate analysis of wheat in the mill

Alarm and specks count

“The main benefit of the NIR Analyzer is greater control of our final product quality. With it operating in real-time, we can watch the flour as it’s being made. We can gauge trends. It provides peace of mind because it practically looks after itself; it runs over night while we’re sleeping,

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7th Generation Kate Syers runs the mill’s day-to-day technical and quality assurance operations

all the maintenance it needs is the occasional brush down,” states Ian Nickson, Assistant Chief Engineer at Nelstrops.

“The NIR Analyzer keeps our flour in spec, if there’s a problem it makes a decision to either adjust settings or shut down. It’s an integrated part of the control system that works very well for us. It gives us a real idea of our wheat and flour protein loss.

“Plus, we’re able to keep a constant eye on the bran speck count, even with varying types of wheats.”

Indeed, the bran speck count is conducted by Buhler’s Online Colour and Specks Measurement Unit (MYHB) - a sensor add-on to the MYRG system - which continuously monitors end product colour and specks classification during flour production.

In real time, it can detect subtle colour deviations and contamination and releases an alarm to alert the miller of any issues.

Precise measurement

When asked how the NIR Analyzer’s measurement precision compliments laboratory analysis, Kate Syers replies: “The NIR Analyzer is reliable and it’s live in the production flow, so much faster than lab analysis techniques.” Having real-time measurement of protein content allows the mill operators to run the production at its optimum.

The NIR Analyzer has been designed to withstand the rigors of the milling process. Its sensors have a sturdy casing that can deal with the dust and vibration that occurs during the milling process. The NIR Analyzer system is flexible and can be retrofitted into existing flour mills.

It can consist of up to six sensors connected to one control unit, with only the sensor head needing to be installed within the production line.

As well as the new online NIR Analyzer and the Online Colour and Specks Measurement Unit (MYHB), Nelstrops

also uses the Online Particle Size Measurement system (MYTA).

MYTA is Bühler’s online particle-size measurement system for flour and it also delivers accurate data in real time. Nelstrops’ millers are able to monitor grinding processes and granulation without having to stop processes for quality checks and machine adjustments. “The Online Particle Size Measurement system (MYTA) is great as a final safeguard, if there’s a burst in the mill or any product fluctuations, it will alert us and pick it up very quickly,” says Mr Nickson

Competitive advantage

“Investing in the very best technology enables businesses such as Nelstrops to remain market leaders – it provides competitive advantage,” comments Darren Frost, Head of Sales, Grain Processing & Milling Solutions at Bühler for UK & Ireland.

“Many customers have already invested in the latest version of the Bühler NIR Analyzer, while others are considering upgrading their MYRA and MYRB. The benefits are certainly worthwhile. Millers with older technology tend to carry out manual analysis, which is far more wasteful and costly, when they could save money by upgrading to the MYRG. When they see the results, it really captures the hearts of flour millers,” he adds.

“We’re delighted with the NIR Analyzer, it’s proved to be another great investment for our business. We also have a very close relationship with Darren and his Bühler colleagues. There’s a lot trust between us, we’ve worked and moved forward together for more than 30 years.

“As a business, our main aims are to supply quality product, feed the nation and invest in the future and Bühler helps us to achieve those goals,” concludes Nelstrops’ Conrad Syers.

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 101

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November 11-13 Livestock Philippines 2020 Manila, Philippines www.livestockphilippines.com 17-18 JTIC 2021 Dijon, France en.jtic.eu POSTPONED UNTIL 23-24 November, 2021 23-25 VIV MEA 2021 Abu Dhabi, UAE www.vivmea.nl

7-9 50th AFIA Liquid Feed Symposium Chicago, Illinois, USA www.afia.org 14-16, September, 2021 IAOM MEA Virtual Technical Milling Forum Online www.iaom-mea.com ☑ = Meet the Milling and Grain team at this event 102 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

24-26 Ildex Indonesia 2021 Jakarta, Indonesia www.ildex-indonesia.com 2021

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INDUSTRY EVENTS IGC Grains Conference 2021

Commodities council continues to have its finger on the pulse

by Levana Hall, Milling & Grain magazine On June 7, 2021, members of the International Grains Council (IGC) convened for the 53rd IGC Council session.

Split over two days, this virtually available conference was Chaired by Corinne Roux, who is currently a Policy Advisor at the Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG).

This year’s edition sees the IGC consider recent changes in national policies, as well as activities of other international organisations, including the WTO and UNCTAD’s work relating to the grains trade.

The Council also agreed to extend the 1995 Grains Trade Convention by a further two years to 30 June 2023, and provided that there was no objection from any member by 31st October 2021, pulses would be included in the definition of grain or grains under Article 2(1)(e) of the Grains Trade Convention.

A broad consensus was also reached that will see the council’s programme of work for 2021/22 will continue to concentrate on the council’s core economic and statistical activities, with the two subjects forming the basis of most of the content presented in the 2021 IGC Grains Conference.

The first day of the conference began with a short welcome from Ms Roux, who introduced the upcoming topics for the following two days.

Trade finance: unlocking the trade potential in the grains sectors

Panel: Brian Browne, Commodity Consultant, Euronext, Cédric Pène, Counsellor, Agriculture and Commodities Division, World Trade Organization, Paul Cauberg, Head Agri Commodities EMEA - Trade & Commodity Finance, ABN AMRO Bank N.V, Netherlands & Jean-Francois Lambert, Founding Partner of Lambert Commodities, France.

The first talk on day one focused mainly on fraud, particularly where banks are involved with the commodity sector. This is relevant to our industry because over the past few years, there have been many fraud cases in the commodity space, in places such as Dubai and Singapore, which affects profitability for the banks involved.

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When fraud occurs, banks need to carry out lots of investigations into money laundering and tax evasions to make sure the platform is trustworthy, and as there are so many it is expensive and difficult to choose a specific one to work with.

As a result of this, banks are now withdrawing from the commodity sector completely, instead of just sticking to the sidelines as they had done so previously.

South East Asia region: market patterns and new trade opportunities

Panel: Kunal Kundaje, Global Head Wheat Trading, Olam, Singapore, Tyler Babcock, Agricultural Attaché, U.S. Embassy Dhaka, Bangladesh, Chandrashekhar Guruswamy, Senior Editor, The Hindu Business Line newspaper, India & Arnaud Petit, Executive Director, International Grains Council, (IGC) The second talk on the first day sees the assembled panel discuss market patterns and trade opportunities in the South East Asia region. In India, 120 million tonnes of rice has been harvested, as well as 170 million tonnes of wheat and nearly 30 million tonnes of maize.

Whilst other sectors were locked down, the pandemic has not affected the agriculture sector in India, as “agriculture security is as important as defence security,” states Mr Chandrashekhar. The poultry sector fell a lot last year, and whilst it is slowly improving it is still not near pre-Covid levels.

The government of India is investing more over the next 40 years to improve the logistics situation, as well as build better roads, create better connectivity, faster railways, taking more interest in investing in infrastructure.

With Bangladesh, production throughout Covid has been fairly strong. They have produced 35 metric tonnes of rice, which is only lower than usual due to flooding.

Wheat and corn come in at roughly five million metric tonnes a year, which are normal levels.

The corn production in Bangladesh has shot up, mostly due to the rising livestock production; roughly 50 percent of feed is made up of corn.

“Demographics are the key thing to look

at for potential of consumption demand, income and growth, and how that impacts consumption behaviour,” states Mr Kundaje.

Strategic risks in global market

Panel: Adriana Herrera, Incoming Chair of AMIS and Agricultural Counselor of Mexico to the European Union, Alejandra Danielson Castillo, Regional Director for South Asia, US Grains Council Luis Zubizarreta, President of Private ports Association, Argentina, John Baffes, Senior Economist, Macroeconomics, Trade & Investment, World Bank & Megan Durisin, Bloomberg News.

Ms Castillo begins this talk by discussing protectionist policies, “there is a rising trend of protectionist policies being seen, with 26 countries having different policies in place, including some that can limit or hinder trade. This also affects inflation rates, which gets felt in the entire ecosystem. For South Asia in particular inflation also affects their transportation, as they primarily use container shipments, which are sparse at the moment.”

Despite some countries imposing export restrictions at the beginning of the pandemic, a lot of them have been raised now. The hope is to keep markets open to increase resilience, although a concern with rising prices in commodity markets is how inflation will affect vulnerable populations in emerging countries.

Official practices, trade and resilient food systems

Panel: John Griffith, Executive VicePresident, CHS Global Grain & Processing, CHS Hedging, and Chairman of the Board, North American Export Grain Association (NAEGA), Giorgio Dalla Bona, Vice-President COCERAL, and Chief Executive Officer, Cereals Docks International, Andrew Goyder, Chairman of Grain Trade Australia Jaine Chisholm Caunt, Director General, Grain and Feed Trade Association (GAFTA), Marcos Gomes de Amorim, Chairman of the External Contracts Committee, Associação Nacional dos Exportadores Cereais of Brazil (ANEC),

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106 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

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Gerald Masila, Executive Director, East African Grain Council (EAGC) & Gary Martin, President, IGTC. This talk sees John Griffith discussing Cenex Harvest States (CHS), which is a cooperative owned by 600,000 farmers and has 1200 vocal cooperatives.

With two million farms in the US, the cooperative system is able to touch nearly half of those, as well as focusing their efforts on the three sustainability pillars - economic viability, environmental stewardship, and community wellbeing.

Discussing his experience with the pandemic, Vijay Iyengar told the audience that he believes that “the whole trade and stakeholders showed tremendous amount of resilience in making sure there was no food shortage, and there was no major food issue around the world.” Some ships were carrying supplies around for months before being allowed back to the shore, however.

Over in Brazil, they also didn’t face many problems during the pandemic due to most of their systems being automated; the only part that needs paper is the negotiating itself.

Gerald Masila discusses Africa, how they need to work on dispute resolution, and work towards promoting a partnership between the industry and the government to overcome the disconnect between the different regions – “they trade more with the rest of the world than they do with each other.”

Trade policy

Panel: Seth Meyer, Chief Economist, US Department of Agriculture (USDA), HE Gloria Abraham Peralta, Ambassador of Costa Rica, Chairperson of the WTO Committee of Agriculture, Geneva, Rosalind Leeck, Senior Director for Market Access/Northeast Asia Regional Director, U.S. Soybean Export Council, Philippe Mitko,President, COCERAL, France & Veronica Brown, EMEA Commodities and Energy news file, Reuters.

Transparency was the main talking point in this panel; mainly the lack of it in export restrictions, stock holding, and trade positioning. The importance of trade was highlighted during the pandemic, trade was needed in order to move product around the worlds.

Despite the Covid-19 situation, the EU had an export surplus, even reaching a record high volume. However, when thinking about export tax, Philippe Mitko believes any kind is a risk, “weak economy leads to weak currency,” there might appear to be a need for domestic market protection measures.

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Most problematic for the exporters is the unpredictability of the changes, “you have a responsibility towards your customers.

You’re exporting your food safety, your liability, legal certainty, and your values,” Mr Mitko concludes.

How to finance adaptation to climate change

Panel: Jim Sutter, CEO, U.S. Soybean Export Council, USA Juliana Lopes, ESG, Communications and Compliance Director, AMAGGI, Brazil Nick Major, Chair of the Board of Directors, Global Feed LCA Institute (GFLI), UK Leo Bastos, Carbon Business Model Head, Bayer, USA & Veronica Brown, EMEA Commodities and Energy news file, Reuters Jim Stutter begins by telling us how in the US, 97 percent farms are family farms, passed from generation to generation, but not all of them use cover crops – plants that are planted to cover the soil rather than for the purpose of being harvested.

This technique, along with not disturbing the top layer of soil, helps lower their environmental footprint. Incentives have even been introduced to get farmers to adapt to this technique more and more.

Many companies are trying to reach the net zero position with their footprint, it can help them to tap into a new generation of consumers. Even investors are making statements about how companies and business risks relate to returns, “sustainability and yield need to walk side by side, if one is not working then farmers are not going to adopt it”, says Leo Bastos.

It is difficult to explain to the farmers how the carbon footprint and the market works, especially smaller scale farmers. The biggest challenges in climate change will differ from country to country, some relating more to energy, some more to agriculture, so the investment needs to be addressed specifically to each country.

IGC Day Two Rice: How to balance food security with a dynamic global market?

Panel: Liu Shilei, Rice Analyst, National Grain & Oil Information Center, China Annelies Deuss, Agricultural Policy Analyst, OECD, France, Tatsuji Koizumi, Agricultural Policy Analyst, OECD, France, Milo Hamilton, Senior Economist, Firstgrain Inc, USA & Peter Clubb, Market Anaylst, International Grains Council (IGC)

During the first talk of the second day, Annelies Deuss discusses how she believes that transparency would be better for public stocks, and public stock holding policies.

She continues by stating that information is limited, especially regarding stock levels and functioning of the policies, only a handful of counties like India and the Philippines regularly report on their levels.

At present, most countries do not disclose how big their government reserves are, and there is little information about how they function and what the rules are.

In the western hemisphere, only five percent of the world’s rice is grown and consumed. Milo Hamilton tells us how in America, only two to three percent of the population are farmers, compared to 50 to 60 percent many years ago.

Mr Hamilton thinks every country will have to go the way that Brazil and the US have, where rice is considered basically a commodity, making more money in the process. “I believe farmers should be businessmen. If you do it as a way of life, it can get expensive, but if you do it as a business, it can be a very rewarding way of life,” he concludes.

Feed demand: Prospects for global livestock and poultry sectors in 2021/2022

Panel: Cesar de Castro Alves, Agribusiness Board, Itaú BBA, Brazil, Justin Sherrard, Global Strategist, Animal Protein, Rabobank, Netherlands, Zoltán Pulay, UBM Purchasing Director, Vice-President, European Feed Manufacturers' Federation (FEFAC), Hungary, Ronnie Tan, Regional Aquaculture Consultant, Southeast Asia, U.S. Grains Council, Malaysia & Alexander Karavaytsev, Economist, International Grains Council (IGC) The start of the pandemic proved problematic in the animal protein sector, with limited labour availability to shift product. There have also been Covid-19 outbreaks at plants, and certain plants have been suspended in other countries due to outbreaks. Justin Sherrard explains how it is challenging to find the workers to get into plants in many parts of the world, particularly for the more labour intensive deboning activities.

There have also been disruptions in costs, as costs of shipping to Asia and other countries has gone up in the past nine months, leading to opportunities for some but many risks for everyone else.

African Swine Flu has become an unprecedented issue in animal protein Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 107

INDUSTRY EVENTS production, leading many countries to import more products; China reached a record level of import across all protein imports in 2020.

Oilseeds: Where are markets for the main vegetable oils heading in 2021/2022?

Panel: Svitlana Synkovska, Regional Communications Manager, Cotecna Inspection, Switzerland, Andrii Paladii, Head of Trading, vegetable oils and proteins, Kernel company, Ukraine, Gustavo Idigoras, President, Argentine Edible Oil Association Grain Exporters Association (CIARA-CEC), Argentina, Jakob Dehoust, Senior Market Analyst, ADM, Germany Andrii Paladii, Head of Trading, vegetable oils and proteins, Kernel company, Ukraine & Darren Cooper, Senior Economist, International Grains Council (IGC).

According to Gustavo Idigoras, the past year has seen a big increase in vegetable oil prices in the last year, particularly in the last few months, with a tightening of rapeseed oil and stocks could be observed in spite of the Covid-19 situation.

The weather has been very favourable to rapeseed oil production at the moment.

However, demand next season from the biodiesel sector may be higher next year, which will help the industry. China imported around 450 thousand tonnes of rapeseed oil in the past year; the hope is that they will continue to do this in the future.

The market and consumption of oil in Russia doesn’t seem to have been affected by changes, although the government did put many bans in place to keep control of the market as they are on the side of the consumers, not the producers. Ukraine also implemented a list of measures to help keep bottled pol at normal prices, which also helps out the farmers too.

Due to weather issues, around two million tonnes worth of oilseeds were lost in Russia, leading to them having to regulate prices for sunflower oil as well as sugar. The measures are better for businesses as well as exporters, and they are optimistically looking into the future, hoping to see a big supply of seeds coming to the harvesting as they have around 6.8 million hectares of area in Ukraine and nine million hectares in Russia to plant all these seeds.

Regional snapshot: Central America and Caribbean region - Which perspectives in grains and oilseeds trade Panel: Ricardo Calderon Lopez, Executive

108 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

Director, APPAMEX, Mexico, Alejandro Gonzalez, Regional Consultant, US Grains Council, Ana Ballesteros, USGC marketing director in Latin America, & Ricardo Rodríguez, Senior Economic Analyst, Central American Business Intelligence (CABI), Guatemala.

The main highlight of this talk sees Ricardo Rodríguez discuss the current recession caused by the pandemic, as well as how Covid-19 has strongly hit food consumption sectors. As well as hotels and restaurants, countries depending heavily on tourism, such as the Dominican Republic, were hit heavily.

Food and agriculture grew by 2.9/3 percent while Guatemala decreased by 1.5 percent.

After an economic slowdown the region show some sign of rebound with a potential to increase its trade volume in cereals and oilseeds.

Cereals: grains and soybean production outlook: 2021/22 surplus or shortage?

by Libin Zhou, Lead Research Analyst, Agriculture Research, Refinitiv Commodities Content and Research, US, Bettina Baruth, Deputy Head of Unit, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Maurits van den Berg, Senior Scientist, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Mykola Gorbachov, President, Ukrainian Grain Association, Tom Whittaker, Meteorologist, Aura Commodities Ltd, UK & Nathan Kemp, Senior Economist, International Grains Council (IGC) In Europe, the past three years have been difficult production-wise. However, this winter crop season with the sewing of rapeseed, winter barley, and winter wheat, was a lot better than previous years.

It wasn’t ideal, soil moisture was okay, but winter gave more difficult conditions, as it was warmer than usual with severe cold spells. Early spring was also cold, which affects the forming of the winter crops and the sewing of the summer crops.

Temperatures are now much more favourable for crop growth, although they are still below average, Maurits Van den Berg remains “cautiously positive about the outlook for 2021.”

Libin Zhou joins to discuss US corn and soybean production. The US corn area is

94.1million acres, which has increased due to a record high corn and soybean price over the past year. They expect the corn and soybean average will increase massively in March, mostly due to the larger area available for sewing.

Spring wheat in the northern plains of the US is facing problems with drought, which is at its worst across spring wheat areas in over 20 years. Thomas Whittaker can see a summer of dryer, warmer weather affecting soybean and corn production in northern plains.

Nikolay Gorbachov believes weather conditions in the Ukraine are perfect, with a potential wheat growth of over 30 million tonnes. They also expect to have a minimum of 37 million tonnes of corn, if it reaches 40 million the export to the market will be close to 34-35 million tonnes.

Pulses: Pulses increased consumption: just a fad or a reaction to local supply strategies?

by Pradeep Ghorpade, Chief Executive Officer, India Pulses and Grains Association (IPGA), India, Elen Lemaître-Curri, Deputy Director of CIHEAM Montpellier, France, Filippo Bertuzzi, Senior Analyst, Areté, Italy, Greg Cherewyk, President, Pulse Canada & the Canadian Special Crops Association & Diana Sarungbam, Market Analyst, International Grains Council (IGC).

There is a strong competition among crops, some are at historically high prices, like soybeans. Although the snack industry has been impacted due to the pandemic, but individual families haven’t been affected as much.

Elen Lamître Curri explains how consumption of broad beans and lentils has decreased, but overall demand remains the same. She estimates an increase in household consumption, like pasta, wheat, semolina, and flour. Ms Curri believes there has been a decrease in consumption due to schools and other areas being shut.

From March 2020 to June 2020 there was a surge in people buying staple items, leading to a bump in sales. It held consistent throughout the year, however the hotel restaurant institutional sales were down with canned pulses as it dropped by 31 percent in that period.

Due to having more choice and selection, 33 percent of plant based food eaters ate more in 2020 than in 2019, and the ‘Health Halo’ also helped. By cooking and baking at home, consumers were making healthier choices.

Mühlenchemie. German Quality Worldwide.

Mühlenchemie the problem-solver

“Every harvest has its own questions – and Mühlenchemie has the answer.”

Lutz Popper, Scientific Director, Stern-Wywiol Gruppe

One step ahead. To us, that means taking a look at grain quality during loading and shipment, to identify strengths and weaknesses of the new harvest in good time. We don‘t wait until the grain is shipped. We already have the right solution when the first grain deliveries go out. It’s a small step for us, but a big advantage for you.

t s r fi e Join th llers i M l a t i Dig ! e c n e r Confe 2

16 – 2

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-m

digital

021

er 2 b m e t Sep

.com

Silos Cordoba +34 957 325 165 www.siloscordoba.com

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

To be included into the Market Place, please contact Tuti Tan at tutit@ perendale.co.uk

Siwertell AB +46 4285880 www.bruks-siwertell.com

Yemmak +90 266 7338363 www.yemmak.com

Air products

Symaga +34 926640475 www.symaga.com

Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Kaeser Kompressoren +49 9561 6400 www.kaeser.com

Amino acids Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition

Bagging systems Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com FAWEMA +49 2263 716-0 www.fawema.com Maxtex Trading Group Co. Ltd. +66 29488281 www.maxtex.net Statec Binder +43 3112 38 5800 www.statec-binder.com TMI +34 973 25 70 98 www.tmipal.com Golden Grain Group +86 371 68631308 www.g-grain.com

Bakery improvers ERKAYA +90 312 395 2986 www.erkayagida.com.tr Mühlenchemie GmbH & Co KG +49 4102 202 001 www.muehlenchemie.com

Bearings NACHI EUROPE GmbH +90 216 688 4457 www.nachi.com

Bulk storage AGI www.aggrowth.com Behlen +1 402 564 3111 www.behlengrainsystems.com Behn + Bates +49 251 9796 252 www.behnbates.com Brock +1 866 658 4191 www.brockgrain.com Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Lambton Conveyor +1 519 627 8228 www.lambtonconveyor.com Ozpolat Makina Gida +90 342 337 1217 www.ozpolatmakina.com.tr Port Tarragona +34 977 259 400 www.porttarragona.cat Silo Construction & Engineering +32 51723128 www.sce.be

Sukup +1 641 892 4222 www.sukup.com

Dosing Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

The Essmueller +1 800 325 7175 www.essmueller.com TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Elevator buckets 4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com

Cereal and pulse conditioning Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Vibrafloor +33 3 85 44 06 78 www.vibrafloor.com

Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Elevator & conveyor components 4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com

vibronet-Gräf GmbH & Co.KG +49 6441 62031 www.vibronet.com

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Colour sorters Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Henry Simon +44 0161 804 2800 www.henrysimonmilling.com

Cimbria Srl +39 0542 361423 www.cimbria.com

Lambton Conveyor +1 519 627 8228 www.lambtonconveyor.com

Maxtex Trading Group Co. Ltd. +66 29488281 www.maxtex.net

Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com

Satake +81 82 420 8560 www.satake-group.com

Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Computer software Inteqnion +31 543 49 44 66 www.inteqnion.com Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Enzymes ERKAYA +90 312 395 2986 www.erkayagida.com.tr

Coolers & driers Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Mühlenchemie GmbH & Co KG +49 4102 202 001 www.muehlenchemie.com

Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com FrigorTec GmbH +49 7520 91482-0 www.frigortec.com FAMSUN +86 85828888 www.famsungroup.com Sukup +1 641 892 4222 www.sukup.com ThermoNox GmbH +49 8442 8823 www.thermonox.de Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

PLP +39 05 23 89 16 29 www.plp-systems.com

Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Extru-Tech Inc. +1 785 284 2153 www.extru-techinc.com

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com Yemmak +90 266 7338363 www.yemmak.com Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Feed nutrition

VAV Conveyor Components & Solutions +31 7140 23701 www.vav-nl.com vibronet-Gräf GmbH & Co.KG +49 6441 62031 www.vibronet.com Viteral +90 332 2390 141 www.viteral.com.tr

Adisseo + 33 1 46 74 70 00 www.adisseo.com

Yemmak +90 266 7338363 www.yemmak.com

Anpario +44 1909 537 380 www.anpario.com

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com

Biomin +43 2782 8030 www.biomin.net

Golden Grain Group +86 371 68631308 www.g-grain.com

Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition Hamlet Protein A/S + 45 75 63 10 20 www.hamletprotein.com PHIBRO +1 201 329 7300 www.pahc.com R-Biopharm Rhône Ltd +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com Romer Labs Division Holding GmbH +43 2782 803 0 www.romerlabs.com The Anderson Inc +1 419-897-6758 www.andersonsgrain.com

Feed milling Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Christy Turner +44 1473 742325 www.christy-turner.com Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl FAMSUN +86 85828888 www.famsungroup.com Friedrich electronic +49 6406 1509 www.friedrich-electronic.de Milltech Tel: +90 332 502 13 00 www.milltech.com.tr

Feed Mill Automation Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Flour Improvers Mühlenchemie GmbH & Co KG +49 4102 202 001 www.muehlenchemie.com

Grain handling systems Behlen +1 402 564 3111 www.behlengrainsystems.com Brock +1 866 658 4191 www.brockgrain.com Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Cimbria A/S +45 96 17 90 00 www.cimbria.com Lambton Conveyor +1 519 627 8228 www.lambtonconveyor.com Ozpolat Makina Gida +90 342 337 1217 www.ozpolatmakina.com.tr Port Tarragona +34 977 259 400 www.porttarragona.cat Siwertell AB +46 4285880 www.bruks-siwertell.com

Zaccaria +55 19 3404 5700 www.zaccaria.com.br Golden Grain Group +86 371 68631308 www.g-grain.com

Hammermills Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com Aybakar AS +90 312 398 0247 www.aybakar.com.tr Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Christy Turner +44 1473 742325 www.christy-turner.com Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl Ottevanger Milling Engineers +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com Selis +90 222 236 12 33 www.selis.com.tr Viteral +90 332 2390 141 www.viteral.com.tr Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com Wynveen +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com Yemmak +90 266 7338363 www.yemmak.com Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com/eng

Laboratory equipment Bastak +90 312 395 67 87 www.bastak.com.tr

Sukup Europe +45 75685311 www.sukup-eu.com

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Christy Turner +44 1473 742325 www.christy-turner.com

Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com

ERKAYA +90 312 395 2986 www.erkayagida.com.tr

Wynveen +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

The Essmueller +1 800 325 7175 www.essmueller.com

Tekpro +44 1692 403403 www.tekpro.com

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Zaccaria +55 19 3404 5700 www.zaccaria.com.br

Myande +86-514-87849111 www.myandegroup.com Ottevanger Milling Engineers +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com PLP +39 05 23 89 16 29 www.plp-systems.com

111 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

Loading/un-loading equipment Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Golden Grain Group +86 371 68631308 www.g-grain.com

Viteral +90 332 239 01 41 http://viteral.com.tr

Moisture measurement

Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

MSC +44 1473 277 777 msc.com/sugar

Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com

Neuero Industrietechnik +49 5422 95030 www.neuero.de

Vibrafloor +33 3 85 44 06 78 www.vibrafloor.com

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

vibronet-Gräf GmbH & Co.KG +49 6441 62031 www.vibronet.com

Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Vigan Engineering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com

Adisseo + 33 1 46 74 70 00 www.adisseo.com

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com/eng

Process control

Biomin +43 2782 8030 www.biomin.net

Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Packaging

Inteqnion +31 543 49 44 66 www.inteqnion.com

Aybakar AS +90 312 398 0247 www.aybakar.com.tr

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Ottevanger Milling Engineers +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Christy Turner +44 1473 742325 www.christy-turner.com

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl

Genç Degirmen +90 444 0894 www.gencdegirmen.com.tr

FAWEMA +49 22 63 716 0 www.fawema.com

Henry Simon +44 0161 804 2800 www.henrysimonmilling.com IMAS - Milleral +90 332 2390141 www.milleral.com Ocrim +39 0372 4011 www.ocrim.com Ottevanger Milling Engineers +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com Sangati Berga +55 11 2663 9990 www.sangatiberga.com.br Satake +81 82 420 8560 www.satake-group.com

Plant

Mycotoxin management

Mill design & installation

ASG Group (Degirmen Makine) +90 342 357 01 50 www.degirmen.com

Yemmak +90 266 7338363 www.yemmak.com

Yemmak +90 266 7338363 www.yemmak.com

Rolls

Maxtex Trading Group Co. Ltd. +66 29488281 www.maxtex.net

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Statec Binder +43 3112 38 5800 www.statec-binder.com

Fundiciones Balaguer, S.A. +34 965564075 www.balaguer-rolls.com

TMI +34 973 25 70 98 www.tmipal.com

Statec Binder +43 3112 38 5800 www.statec-binder.com

Yemmak +90 266 7338363 www.yemmak.com

Yenar Dˆk¸m A.S. +90 332 2391073 www.yenar.com.tr

Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Palletisers

Roller mills Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com

Selis +90 222 236 12 33 www.selis.com.tr

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

ASG Group (Degirmen Makine) +90 342 357 01 50 www.degirmen.com

Silo Construction & Engineering +32 51723128 www.sce.be

Statec Binder +43 3112 38 5800 www.statec-binder.com

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

TMI +34 973 25 70 98 www.tmipal.com

Christy Turner +44 1473 742325 www.christy-turner.com

Wynveen +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Golden Grain Group +86 371 68631308 www.g-grain.com

Genç Degirmen +90 444 0894 www.gencdegirmen.com.tr

Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com Zaccaria +55 19 3404 5700 www.zaccaria.com.br

112 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

Pellet press Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Pelleting Technology Netherlands (PTN) +3 73 54 984 72 www.ptn.nl Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

IMAS - Milleral +90 332 2390141 www.milleral.com Henry Simon +44 0161 804 2800 www.henrysimonmilling.com Milltech Tel: +90 332 502 13 00 www.milltech.com.tr

Ocrim +39 0372 4011 www.ocrim.com Pelleting Technology Netherlands (PTN) +3 73 54 984 72 www.ptn.nl

AGI

Kansas State University +1 785 532 6161 www.grains.k-state.edu OMS +441242 267700 www.onlinemillingschool.com

www.aggrowth.com Altinbiliek +90 222 236 13 99 www.abms.com.tr

Selis +90 222 236 12 33 www.selis.com.tr

Ocrim +39 0372 4011 www.ocrim.com

Behlen +1 402 564 3111 www.behlengrainsystems.com

Yemtar Feed Mill Machines +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Golden Grain Group +86 371 68631308 www.g-grain.com

A/S Cimbria +45 9617 9000 www.cimbria.com

Roll fluting

CSI +90 322 428 3350 www.cukurovasilo.com

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

The Essmueller +1 800 325 7175 www.essmueller.com

Christy Turner +44 1473 742325 www.christy-turner.com

Lambton Conveyor +1 519 627 8228 www.lambtonconveyor.com

Fundiciones Balaguer, S.A. +34 965564075 www.balaguer-rolls.com

Obial +90 382 2662120 www.obial.com.tr

Yenar Dˆk¸m A.S. +90 332 2391073 www.yenar.com.tr

Ozpolat Makina Gida +90 342 337 1217 www.ozpolatmakina.com.tr

Reclaim system Vibrafloor +33 3 85 44 06 78 www.vibrafloor.com

Port Tarragona +34 977 259 400 www.porttarragona.cat

Scalling

Silo Construction & Engineering +32 51723128 www.sce.be

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Silos Cordoba +34 957 325 165 www.siloscordoba.com

NorthWind +1 785 284 0080 www.northwindts.com

UK Flour Millers +44 2074 932521 www.ukflourmillers.org

Vibrators Vibrafloor +33 3 85 44 06 78 www.vibrafloor.com

Weighing equipment Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PLP +39 05 23 89 16 29 www.plp-systems.com TMI +34 973 25 70 98 www.tmipal.com Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com Vibrafloor +33 3 85 44 06 78 www.vibrafloor.com vibronet-Gräf GmbH & Co.KG +49 6441 62031 www.vibronet.com

Yeast products Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de

Siwertell AB +46 4285880 www.bruks-siwertell.com

Sifters ASG Group (Degirmen Makine) +90 342 357 01 50 www.degirmen.com

Sukup +1 641 892 4222 www.sukup.com

Brock +1 866 658 4191 www.brockgrain.com

Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Top Silo Constructions (TSC) +31 543 473 979 www.tsc-silos.com

Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Temperature monitoring

29TH PRINT EDITION

OUT NOW!

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Gazel +90 364 2549630 www.gazelmakina.com

Inteqnion +31 543 49 44 66 www.inteqnion.com

Koyuncu Sanayi +91 224 723 92 92 www.koyuncufirca.com Sefar AG +41 898 57 00 www.sefar.com

IFF +495307 92220 www.iff-braunschweig.de

Silos

Pingle +86 311 88268111 www.plflourmill.com

Filip GmbH +49 5241 29330 www.filip-gmbh.com

Golden Grain Group +86 371 68631308 www.g-grain.com

vibronet-Gräf GmbH & Co.KG +49 6441 62031 www.vibronet.com

Training

Selis +90 222 236 12 33 www.selis.com.tr

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Zaccaria +1 5519 34045715 www.zaccaria.com.br

IAOM +1 913 338 3377 www.iaom.info

The International Milling Directory is free to join if you are a supplier company.

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t s r fi e h t n Joi ’ s r e l l i M l a ! t i e g c i n D e r e f n Co r 2021 2 2 – 6 1

e b m Septe

.com e c n e r onfe c s ence r r e e l f l i n o m lersC l i digital M l a t #Digi

What will shape the future of milling?

These and many other questions will be addressed during this year’s Digital Millers’ Conference from September 16 to 22.

What are the key topics and challenges in the milling industry?

In many regional sessions for Middle East and Africa, Latin America, the Francophone states, CIS states and Asia-Pacific, the current issues around wheat, analytic, milling, flour and applications will be discussed by the experts from all over the globe.

Register now and join the biggest digital event for millers in 2021

страны СНГ 16 сентября

Middle East & Africa Latinoamérica 20 September 22 de septiembre

Asia-Pacific Pays Francophones 17 September 21 Septembre

This event is hosted by Mühlenchemie and supported by numerous partners from the milling industry.

myMAG PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FEATURED IN THIS ISSUE

What is The Market Place The Market Place is a collaboration between Milling and Grain magazine and our sister titles, The International Milling Directory and The Global Miller.

The Market Place aims to connect the print and the digital world, bringing more content that will be of interest, as well as direct links to the content that you want to see.

Throughout this edition of the magazine you will find QR codes and myMAG links that can link to various content from all three publications.

P

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PROFILE

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NorthWind Technical Service

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Pingle Group - Hebei Pingle Flour Machinery Group Co. Ltd.

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4B Braime Elevator Components Ltd

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Andritz (Denmark)

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PLP Liquid Systems srl

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Anpario plc

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Romer Labs Division Holding GmbH

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Sangati berga

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Bastak Gida Makine Medikal

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Bastak Gida Makine Medikal

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Satake (Japan)

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Sefar AG

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Bastak Gida Makine Medikal

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Behlen Mfg Co

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Selis Makina End¸stri ve Tic.Ltd.Sti.

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Behn + Bates Maschinenfabrik

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Silos Cordoba

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Biomin Holding GmbH (Austria)

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Brock Grain Systems

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Bruks Siwertell AB

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Buhler (Switzerland)

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Buhler (Switzerland)

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Christy Turner

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Cimbria (Italy)

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Consergra

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Cukurova Silo

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Dinnissen

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Silos Cordoba

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Statec Binder GmbH

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Stern-Wywiol Gruppe

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Stern-Wywiol Gruppe

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Sukup Manufacturing

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Symaga (Spain)

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Tapco Inc.

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TekPro

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The Anderson Inc

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The Essmueller

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Erkaya Laboratory Instruments Co

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The Packaging Group GmbH

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Evonik Degussa (Germany)

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ThermoNox GmbH

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FAMSUN Co., Ltd

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TSC

myMAG.info/e/656

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FAMSUN Co., Ltd

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UK Flour Millers

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FILIP GmbH

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Van Aarsen International B.V.

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FrigorTec

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Fundiciones Balaguer

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VAV Conveyor Components & Solutions

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Gazel Degirmen Makinalari San. TIC. LTD. STI.

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Vibrafloor

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Hamlet Protein A/S

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Vibronet Graef

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Hydronix

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Vigan Engineering

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Imas

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Wenger Manufacturing, Inc

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Inteqnion

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17

Yemmak

myMAG.info/e/170

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Yemtar

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105

Yenar Dˆk¸m A.S.

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Jiangsu ZhengChang Cereal Oil and Feed Machinery Co Ltd

myMAG.info/e/189

19

Koyuncu Sanayi Fircalari Tekstil Plastik San. Tic.Ltd.Sti.

myMAG.info/e/932

27

Zaccaria

myMAG.info/e/671

46

Myande Group Co., Ltd.

myMAG.info/e/624

NBC

myMAG.info/e/1146

Zhengzhou Golden Grain Equipment Engineering Co., Ltd

myMAG.info/e/1031

89

70

51

Neuero Industrietechnik (Germany)

myMAG.info/e/627

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 115

the interview

Li Jianjun

In 1991 Chairman Li Jianjun started Pingle Flour Mill Repair Factory in Zhengding County, mainly engaged in flourmill transformation and equipment repair.

Now with more than 30 years of industry experience of refining technology, furthering inherited knowledge, the company presents a collision of history, innovation and creativity.

Under the leadership of Mr Lianjun, the company continues to have their finger on the pulse of our industry and continues to enjoy meeting the needs of their customers.

Mr Li Jianjun currently holds the positions of Chairman of Hebei Pingle Flour Machinery Group Co, Ltd; Director of China National Association of Grain Sector, and Vice President of Hebei Sesame Industry Association.

Milling and Grain magazine recently spoke with Mr Lianjun with the hope of sharing his insights, experience and hopes relating to not only his company, but any views that he might have relating to China and the wider world too.

Why did you choose to work in the flour industry? Can you tell us a little bit about how you got where you are today, what are you most proud of?

In the early 1980s in China, with the full implementation of the agricultural production responsibility system - "all-round contract", the grain output increased dramatically. My father and I started the steamed bun together, which was my first step into the flour industry.

Later, the government encouraged small and medium-sized enterprises to engage in contracting, and I took the lead in raising funds to contract a flour mill in the village to do flour processing.

During the operation of the flour mill, I found that there were many wearing parts in flour machinery, and the difference between their market prices and the ex-factory prices were very high. For example, the gear shaft, the price difference was as high as RMB 16. In the early 1980s, RMB 16 was simply an "enormous figure". For this reason, I decided to open a flour mill accessories store, with the increasing demand for various accessories, I opened seven stores like this.

My journey in the grain machine manufacturing industry started from the flour mill accessories store, then we engaged in the refit of the old flour mill, then the production of the new flour mill, then the production of small and medium-sized flour mill package, and now the large-scale flour mill package.

Pingle has experienced 30 years of ups and downs, and what makes me most proud is that Pingle has a team of bold and courageous people. We started from scratch, and what we have today is inseparable from the hard work of all Pingle people. I believe in my team, and I'm convinced that Pingle will become a first-class international brand and a hundredyear enterprise.

What is the future for milled flour in China, what are the developing trends of mill flour equipment in China in the future?

In the future, all industries will see market participators grow bigger and bigger into group companies, and China's flour industry is no exception. According to statistics, in 2008, there were 2819 flour processing enterprises in China, and by the end of 2019, there were 2573, which decreased by 246 in 11 years. With flour processing enterprises growing into group companies, their number will continue to decrease, while the competition among them will become increasingly fierce, and the production capacity will be rapidly concentrated to powerful enterprises, which will make the strong stronger and

116 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

the weak weaker and the fittest will survive.

In parallel with the future development trend of China's flour industry, the future flour equipment will also develop toward the direction of large-scale, intellectualisation, specialisation and internationalisation.

How does Chinese flour industry enterprise enter the international market, must have what condition?

From a global perspective, flour processing is developing toward a nutrient, safe, green and leisure direction, and hygiene and safety have become the top priority of flour processing enterprises in the world. Developed countries have standard systems for nutrition, hygiene and safety of various cereals, which provides for a variety of important compositions and health and safety standards; they also have strict standards for flour, especially for the safety of additives.

The United Nations Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) has recommended GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) and HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) as international standards to all member countries. Therefore, China needs to align its standards from raw materials to finished products with international standards to help its flour industry break into the international market.

Pingle is a global milling equipment manufacturer and supplier. How will the business evolve over the next few years? Do you have any specific research projects or plans?

In line with the 14th Five-Year Plan of China, Pingle has formulated its own five-year strategic development plan (2021 - 2025). In this five-year period, Pingle will set foot on the global grain machine market, focus on lean management, integrate internal and external resources of the group, comprehensively improve Pingle's brand power, marketing power and management level, strengthen the forwardlooking development of products and professional service level, to realize the healthy and rapid development of Pingle Group.

Pingle will rely on the Grain Processing Equipment Technology Innovation Center to conduct research in three directions: wheat processing mechanism and key technology research, flour equipment manufacturing process and intelligent control research, and flour equipment application technology research.

For example, specific R&D projects such as research on the technical characteristics of roll surface, research on wheat dampening technology, research on automatic adjustment technology and monitoring system of mill roll clearance, research on automatic structure design and system of packing scale.

How do Pingle Industries ensure their solutions for the milling industry are both sustainable and environmentally friendly?

As a company dedicated to high-end grain machine manufacturing for many years, Pingle has started to expand its product lines to include multigrain equipment, brewing equipment, automatic packaging equipment and automatic intelligent equipment while strengthening its capacity in flour equipment, to achieve diversified development integrating grain machine equipment, brewing equipment, automatic packaging and intelligent equipment in the future.

This is a strategic layout made by the company in accordance with the national policy, and is a key step for the company to achieve sustainable development and an impetus to realise its development vision.

Milling and Grain - July 2021 | 117

PEOPLE THE INDUSTRY FACES Argenta welcomes new Chief Operating Officer North America

A

rgenta are pleased to announce that Peter McCarthy has been appointed Chief Operating Officer North America, a new executive position within Argenta.

Effective immediately, Mr McCarthy will oversee Argenta’s business operations and strategic initiatives in the United States.

“Peter is a seasoned and trusted leader with vast experience, extensive knowhow and a large network in the animal health industry.

“He is uniquely qualified to drive strategic growth within Argenta, with a laser-focus on operational excellence.

“I have immense confidence in Peter’s ability to strengthen our company, and with that, contribute to the success of our customers,” says Ben Russell, CEO of Argenta.

“Argenta’s compelling strategy and vision to grow and transform to become the leading global end-to-end veterinary pharma services platform will benefit the broader animal health market,” says Mr McCarthy. “

Dr Eckel welcomes Guido Grassi to their Executive Board

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ith immediate effect, agriculture and animal health expert Guido Grassi takes over the position of Chief Operations Officer at Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition GmbH & Co. KG.

“We have invited Guido Grassi to join Dr. Eckel’s management team and, I am happy to say, he has accepted.” Dr Antje Eckel, founder and CEO of Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition, was visibly pleased when she announced this exciting new addition to the staff.

“He knows the world from Asia to America, he knows business from start-up to multinational, he knows agriculture from crop to consumer,” explains Dr Eckel.

“On top of that, he's a smart, straightforward and immensely likeable guy who will be a great addition to our team.”

In his new position, Mr Grassi will work from Dr Eckel’s German headquarters in Niederzissen.

Mills Archive announces new contributor to Milling and Grain magazine

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athanael Hodge is the new contributor of articles on the history of milling from the Mills Archive. Mr Hodge has worked at the Archive since 2011, first as a volunteer and subsequently as a qualified archivist after completing his diploma in Archives Administration in 2016. In 2021 he became a Registered Member of the Archives and Records Association.

Mr Hodge will be contributing articles on the Rex Wailes collection, which is a time capsule of photographs, glass plates, large technical drawings, notes and correspondence assembled over decades by the late Rex Wailes OBE, Britain’s leading consultant for the repair of windmills until his death in 1986.

His collection immortalises their fascinating structures, the development of the windmill protection and repair movement, the people involved and the landscape that they shaped.

“Our collections hold many fascinating stories on the story of milling over the years, which I am looking forward to sharing with you all,” says Mr Hodge.

Kice Industries unveils new Regional Sales Manager

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neumatic air system specialists Kice Industries are proud to announce the appointment of Jeff Kinnunen as its Regional Sales Manager, based out of Minneapolis, USA. In this role, Mr Kinnunen will be responsible for the oversight of sales throughout Minnesota, North and South Dakota, West Iowa, and Northwestern Wisconsin territories.

Mr Kinnunen joins Kice with over 13 years of experience as a manufacturer’s representative in the Minnesota area, providing customers with solutions similar to the products that Kice offers.

“We are excited to welcome Jeff to Kice Industries; he will help strengthen our coverage and support in this region for our customers,” says Marshall Bird, Vice President of Sales, Kice Industries.

“We are fortunate to have Jeff join our team, and I’m confident that he will play a key role in providing and implementing industry solutions for our customers.”

118 | July 2021 - Milling and Grain

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