სამაჯურები და საკისრე რკალები ანტიკურ საქართველოში. ძვ.წ. V-I საუკუნეები

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nana

gogiberiZe

samajurebi da sakisre rkalebi antikur saqarTveloSi q.w. V-I ss.

Tbilisi 2020

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saqarTveloSi uxvad mopovebulma arqeologiurma masalam dRis wesrigSi daayena antikuri xanis Zegebis danawevrebuli qronologiis dadgenis aucilebloba. saimedo qronoligia ki, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens aucilebel pirobas sxvadasxva istoriul-arqeologiuri ganzogadebebisaTvis. winamdebare naSromis ZiriTad mizans Seadgens saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRmoCenili adreantikuri da elinisturi xanis samajurebisa da sakisre rkalebis danawevrebuli qronologiis SemuSaveba. kvlevis farTo qronologiuri diapazoni saSualebas iZleva dadgindes Sinagani kavSirebi samkaulis calkeul tipebs Soris, tradiciebis cvalebadoba da, rac mTavaria, axali monacemebis Suqze moxerxdes mTeli rigi Zeglebis qronologiis dazusteba. naSromi gankuTvnilia qarTulenovani mkiTxvelisaTvis da warmoadgens 2003 wels gamoqveynebuli monografiis «Браслеты и гривны Гузии» avtoriseul, Sevsebul da koreqtirebul variants.

redaqtori: iulon gagoSiZe ng_1546@yahoo.com © nana gogiberiZe

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sarCevi Sesavali ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Tavi I. samajurebis tipologia da qronologia importuli samajurebis jgufi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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jgufi I. cxovelis TavebiT Semkuli samajurebi ---------------------------------------------------------

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jgufi II. burcobebiT Semkuli samajurebi -------------------------------------------------------------------

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jgufi III. geometriuli ornamentiT Semkuli samajurebi -------------------------------------------

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jgufi IV. uornamento samajurebi-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Tavi II. sakisre rkalebi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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daskvna -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Nana Gogiberidze. 5 th-1st CENTURY BC BRACELETS AND TORQUES IN GEORGIA (SUMMARY) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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bibliografia --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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suraTebis aRweriloba-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Sesavali saqarTvelos teritoriaze Catarebuli mravalwliani arqeologiuri kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad muzeumebis fondebSi didi raodenobiT dagrovda sxvadasxva saxis samkauli, romelTa Seswavla, maTi qronilogiuri adgilis gansazRvra, rogorc es araerTgzis aRniSnula specialur literaturaSi, mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels Sesabamisi sazogadoebis socialur-politikuri da kulturul-ekonomikuri cxovrebis suraTis srulfasovan aRdgenas. zogjer samajurebi da sakisre rkalebi kompleqsSi erTadaa warmodgenili kompleqtis saxiT. samajurebi saqarTvelos arqeologiuri kompleqsebis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli artefaqtia da maTi umravlesoba aRmoCenilia samarxebSi in situ micvalebulis kidurebze. iseve, rogorc sxva arqeologiuri monapovari, samajurebi warmoadgens erT-erT nivTier wyaros Sesabamisi sazogadoebis politikuri, ekonomikuri da sulieri cxovrebis SeswavlisaTvis da Seicavs mdidar informacias am sazogadoebaSi mimdinare mniSvnelovani procesebis Sesaxeb. maTi saSualebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba sazogadoebis klasobrivi diferenciaciis, ganviTarebis donis, misi rogorc Sida, ise sagareo kontaqtebis da sxva mravali mniSvnelovani aspeqtis kvleva. samajurebi farTod gavrcelebuli samkaulia. mas atarebdnen rogorc qalebi, aseve mamakacebi da bavSvebi. isini mzaddeboda sxvadasxva masalisagan – liTonis, Zvlis, xisa da minisagan. gvxvdeba aseve mZivebis asxmebi, romlebic micvalebulis majebze iyo Semoxveuli. liTonis samajurebi gvxvdeba mavTulovani da firfitovani naWedi, Camosxmuli an Tegvis gziT damzadebuli, mrgvali, ovaluri an oTxkuTxa ganivkveTiT, Sekruli an gaxsnili, mrgval an ovalurzurgiani da zurgSedrekili. Semkulobis TvalsazrisiT es nivTebi didi mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva [Петренко 1978: 49].

SedarebiT iSviaTia sakisre rkalebi, romlebic uZvelesi droidanaa gavrcelebuli mTels imdroindel samyaroSi, saqarTveloSi kiQQq.w. XV-XII sauuneebis Zeglebze gvxvdeba, Semdeg qreba, kvlav iCens Tavs q.w. VIII-VII sauuneebis maslebSi da garkveuli qronologiuri wyvetilis Semdeg isev Cndeba q.w. V-IV ss-Si [WaniSvili 2010: 125]. aRsaniSnavia, rom formisa da ornamentuli motivebis simravlisa da nairgvarobis miuxedavad, erTi da imave istoriuli epoqis nivTebs, Cveulebriv, axasiaTebs mTeli rigi saerTo niSnebi, romliTac isini gansxvavdeba sxva drois masalebisagan. Mmeores mxriv, xSirad axali, TiTqmis SeumCneveli detali gaformebasa Tu siluetSi SeiZleba gaxdes axali modisa da, Sesabamisad, axali gavlenebis, kontaqtebisa da sazogadoebaSi momxdari istoriuli Zvrebis maniSnebeli. antikuri xanis saqarTvelos arqeologiuri kompleqsebis erT-erT wamyvan elementad samajurebi gvevlineba. am periodSi isini gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. xSirad samarxeuli inventari mxolod samajurebiTaa warmodgenili, ris gamoc es nivTebi damaTariRebel mniSvnelobas iZens. samajurebis tipologiisa da qronologiis sakiTxebs sxadasxva dros saTanado adgili aqvs daTmobili d.filimonovis [Филиминов 1878], v.antonoviCis [Антонович 1879], p.uvarovas [Уварова 1887. Уварова, Радде 1902], i.smirnovis [Смирнов 1887], b.kuftinis [Куфтин 1941, 1949, 1950, e.krupnovis [Крупнов 1960], m.ivaSCenkos [Иващенко 1950, 1980] da sxva cnobili mecnierebis naSromebSi. mTeli rigi saintereso mosazrebebi antikuri saiuveliro xelovnebis problemebTan dakavSirebiT gamoTqmuli aqvT qarTvel mkvlevarebs n.xoStarias [Хоштария 1949, 1950, 1972], o.lorTqofaniZes [lorTqifaniZe o.

[1957, 1972, 1977, 1983, 2003. Лордкипанидзе 1979 da sxv.], i.gagoSiZes [gagoSiZe i. 1964, 1967, 1968, 1975, 1976, 1981 da sxv.], v.Tolordavas [Tolordava 1976, 1976, 1980, 1986], c.davlianiZes [davlianiZe 1968, 1976, 1977, 1983], a.Wyonias [Wyonia 1976, 1977, 1981 da sxv.], n. kiRuraZes [72], da antikur xanis masalebze momuSave sxva specialistebs. amave sakiTxebs eZRvneba Cveni ramdenime naSromic [gogiberiZe 1984, 1986, 1988, Гогиберидзе 2003 da sxv.]. zogierTi tipis samkaulisaTvis Tavis droze SemuSavda qronologiuri da tiplogiuri sqemebic.Aase magaliTad, dadgenilia zurgSedrekili samajurebis saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamoCenis qveda qronologiuri zRvari – q.w IV saukunis dasawisi. sabolood dadgenilia samTavros zurgSedrekili bolodawaxnagebuli samajurebis gavrcelebis xana, romlebic saimedodaa daTariRebuli q.w. I saukuniT [Tolordava 1963: 52]. gansazRvrulia zogierTi sxva tipis samkaulis qronologiuri CarCoebic. bolo wlebSi gamovlenili kargad

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stratificirebuli kompleqsebi am mravalricxovani informatiuli masalis srulyofili tipologiuri sqemebisa da danawevrebuli qronologiis SemuSavebis saSualebas iZleva. samajurebis da sakisre rkalebis garda Cvens mier nawilobriv Seswavlilia fibulebi, da, rig SemTxvevebSi, zogierTi sxva samkauli, romelic emTxveva maT qronologiis an tipologiuri niSnebis mxriv. kvlevisas mizanSewonilad miviCnieT am nivTebis ganxilva Sesabamisi kompleqsebis fonze, radganac mxolod kompleqsuri kvlevis Sedegad SesaZlebelia qronologiur sistemaSi maTi adgilis gansazRvra. sakvlevi nivTebis saerTo masidan gamoiyo importuli nivTebis jgufi, romelTa evoluciis Tvalis gadevneba adgilobrivi masalis safuZvelze ver xerxdeba maTi SemoRwevis epizodurobisa da ganviTarebis damoukidebeli gzebis gamo. Aam nivTebis qronologia ganixileba Cvens mier ucxouri paralelebis fonze da zustdeba Tanmxlebi masalis safuZvelze. importuli nivTebisadmi Cveni amgvari interesi gamowveulia imiT, rom, savaraudod, rig SemTxvevebSi es samkauli warmoadgenda adgilobrivi nawarmis prototipebs. aman mogvca adgilovrivi ostatebis mier SeTvisebuli ama Tu im saxeebisa da simboloebis saqarTvelos teritoriaze SemoRwevis droisa da gzebis gansazRvris saSualeba. aratipiuri samkaulis es jgufi mcirericxovania da TiTqos amovardnilia saqarTvelos teritoriaze Sesabamis xanaSi faTrTod gavrcelebuli am rigis samkaulis ZiriTadi masidan, romelic aSkarad erTiania rogorc damzadebis teqnikis da Sesrulebis maneris, ise saerTo stilisa da sxva niSnebis mxriv. swored amgvari monacemebi iZleva maTi garkveul tipiliogiur sqemebSi moqcevis saSualebas. sxvadasxvagvari samkaulisaTvis gamaerTianebeli niSnebis gamoyofa sakmaod Znelia. swored amitom savsebiT gasagebia mkvlevarTa mcdeloba maTi saerTo formis mixedviT did jgufebad gaerTianebisa. Tavdapirvelad Cvenc SevecadeT am principis dacva, Tumca muSaobis procesSi gairkva, rom rom es gza ver pasuxobs Cveni kvlevis miznebs, radganac samkaulis forma sakmaod myari elementia da xSirad saukuneebis manZilze ucvleli rCeba. ase, magaliTad, zurgmomrgvalebuli samajurebi arsebobs kacobriobis istoriis TiTqmis yvela etapze. Aamdenad, TavisTavad es niSani ver gamodgeba damaTariRebel faqtorad, Tumca calkeuli jgufebis gamoyofisas Cven mas aucileblad viTvaliswinebT. igive SeiZleba iTqvas zurgSedrekil samajurebze, romlebic drois sakmaod xangrZliv monakveTSi arsebobs. met-naklebad informatiulia aseve MnivTis sisqis cvalebadoba. TvalsaCinoa samajurebis Reros gawvrileba q.w.

I saukinisaken, maSin, rodesac am rigis nivTebis adreuli nimuSebi masiuri, TanabarganivkveTiani ReroTi xasiaTdeba. zurgSedrekili samajurebis SemTxvevaSi maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia siganeSi ganziduli, TiTqos ori naxevarwrisagan Sedgenili forma (magaliTad, oqros cxovelisTavebiani samajurebi vanis #6 samarxidan). q.w. IV saukunis meore naxevridan samajurebis zurgi TandaTan wvrildeba. Semdgom xanebSi es silueti farTod vrceldeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze da wamyvan adgils ikavebs samTavros qvevrsamarxebsa da da sxva sinqronul Zeglebze. es samkauli gamoirCeva simsubuqiTa da sinatifiT. amasTan, maT gverdigverd ganagrZobs arsebobas sxvadasxvagvari TanabarReroiani samajurebic (magaliTad, brinjaos burcobebiani samajurebi). amgvarad, moyvanili magaliTebi gvexmareba zogadi qronologiis sakiTxebis garkvevaSi. sayrdeni wertilebis saxiT maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba aseve danawevrebul qronologiaze muSaobisas, Tumca ar unda daekisros saklasifikacio funqcia. rogorc aRiniSna, axladgamovlenili kompleqsebi sakvlevi nivTebis ufro Rrma kvlevis saSualebas iZleva. Aaxali aRmoCenebis Suqze mizanSewonilad miviCnieT mogvecva CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi masala mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT farTo qronologiuri CarCoebis farglebSi. farTo qronologiuri diapazoni saSualebas iZleva gamovlindes Sinagani kavSirebi ama Tu im sinqronul Zeglebs Soris, tradiciebis cvalebadoba da sxva saintereso movlenebi. am mravalferovani da mravalricxovani masalis korelacia iZleva danawevrebuli qronologiis SemuSavebis saSualebas.

Cvens tipologiur klasifikaciaSi tipologiuri rigebi dalagebulia sawyisi nimuSisagan misi TandaTanobiTi daSorebis principiT, romlis saTaveSi moqceulia is egzmplarebi, romlebSic yvelaze mkafiodaa gamoxatuli saklasifikacio niSnebi. umravles SemTxvevebSi tipologiuri rigebi emTxveva qronologiur Tanamimdevrobas da saSualebas iZleva ganisazRvros im nivTebis asaki, romlebic sxvagvarad ver TariRdeba. naSromSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi pirobiTi niSnebi: romauli cifriT aRiniSneba jgufi, pirveli arabuli cifriT – qvejgufi, meore arabuli cifriT – tipi, orniSna ricxviT – varianti, anbanis

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aso-niSniT - variantis nairsaxeoba. Aama Tu im maCveneblis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamis adgilze iwereba nuli. sakisre rkalebis SemTxvevaSi kods win darTuli aqvs aso t (torque – sakisre rkali). klasifikacis safuZvlad SevarCieT yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli niSani – dekori, romelic xSirad meordeba formiTa da daniSnulebiT gansxvavebul nivTebze. Yyvelaze ufro damaxasiaTebeli ornamentuli elementebis mixedviT sakvlev masalaSi gamoiyo oTxi ZiriTadi, sakmaod farTo qronologiuri diapazonis jgufi masSi Semavali qvejgufebiT, tipebiTa da variantebiT. pirveli jgufi Seadgina samajurebma, romelTa boloebi cxovelis Tavebis gamosaxulebebiTaa Semkuli; am jgufis masalebi pirobiTad or qvejgufad lagdeba: 1) realisturi an stilizebuli gamosaxulebebi, romelTa mniSvneloba axsnas eqvemdebqreba da 2) gaurkveveli gamosaxulebebi.

Ppirvel jgufSi gaerTianebulia sami tipi Sesabamisi variantebiT: a) verZis gamosaxuleba, b) grZelyuriani cxoveli, g) fafriani cxoveli.

Cvens mier SerCeuli dajgufebis es principi saSualebas iZleva Tvali gavadevnoT TiTeuli am siuJetis ganviTarebis gzas. rogorc gairkva, samajurebis dekorirebis Tematika sakmaod SezRudulia da Semoifargleba sul ramdenime saxeobiT: esaa verZi, yurebdacqvetili cxoveli (xbo an qurciki) da fafriani cxoveli (lomi, drakoni). Aanalogiuri movlena SeiniSneba winaaziur xelovnebaSi [Amandry 1958: 11-15], romlisTvisac yvela xsenebuli siuJeti kargadaa cnobili, vanis #6 samarxis oqros samajurebi ki kidev erTxel miuTiTebs saqarTvelos mWidro kavSirebs wina aziasTan. saqarTvelos teritoriaze farTod gavrcelebuli samkaulis stilizebul gamosaxulebebze dakvirvebam gviCvena, rom maTi azrobrivi mniSvneloba Seesabameba winaaziur realisTur prototipebs. gairkva aseve, rom es siuJetebi garkveuli tradiciulobiT xasiaTdeba. gansakuTrebiT es Seexeba b da c tipebs. Aam or SemTxvevaSi aSkarad Cans realisturi gamosaxulebis TandaTanobiTi stilizacia, Tumca adgilze ucvleli rCeba niSnebi, romelTa saSualebiTac gamosaxuleba inarCunebs kavSirs realistur prototipTan. rogorc Cans, stilizaciisas ZiriTadi mniSvneloba eTmoboda gamosaxulebis azrobriv mniSvnelobas, romelic gadmoicemoda imxanad sayovelTaod cnobili da miRebuli simboloebis saSualebiT. [gogiberiZe 1988: 98-103, Гогиберидзе 2003: 6-10]. tipologiuri sqemis Mmeore jgufi Seadgina Semsxvilebianma samajurebma. masSi gamoiyo ori qvejgufi: 1) samajurebi specifikuri ornamentiT – salteebs Soris moqceuli tandaRaruli burcobebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom igi sakmaod kanonikuria da sxvadasxva saxis samkaulze gvxvdeba; 2) samajurebi romelTac mTel Reroze ganlagebuli aqvs sxvadasxva raodenobis Semsxvilebebi. mesame jgufSi gaerTianda geometriuli ornamentiT Semkuli samajurebi, meoTxeSi ki uornamento egzemplarebi. igive principi gamoyenebulia sakisre rkalebis – gvergvebis klasifikaciisas.

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Tavi I samajurebis tipologia da qronologia importuli samajurebi Cveni klasifikaciis miRma rCeba samajurebis erTi jgufi, warmodgenili, ZiriTadad, importuli nimuSebiT, romelTa ganxilva mizanSewonilad migvaCnia Sesabamisi kulturuli wris masalebis fonze. esaa saqarTvelosaTvis unikaluri egzemplarebi, romelTac saTanado adgili eTmoba specialur literaturaSi. Aam rigis nivTebs miekuTvneba oqros zurgSedrekili samajurebi vanis #6 samarxidan, romlebic aqemeniduri xelovnebis tipiur nimuSebs warmoadgens [lorTqifaniZe 1972: 18-19, Wyonia 1981: 47, Гогиберидзе 2003: 12] da romelTa uaxloesi analogiebi q.w. V-IV ss-ebiTaa daTariRebuli [Amandry 1958: 20]. esaa jixvis TavebiT Semkuli oqros zurgSedrekili samajurebi vunidan [Amandry 1958: 14, tab.12, 26-29]. vanuri egzemplarebisagan gansxvavebiT vunis samajurebis gamosaxulebebze cxovelis pirs qvemoT TiTo Rrma nakecia. mis qveS moTavsebulia ornamenti, romelsac p. amandri wveris xveulebad miiCnevs. sxva mxriv am ori Zeglis samajurebi did siaxloes avlens erTmaneTTan. vunis samajurebis zeda qronologiuri zRvari p. amandris mier gansazRvrulia V-IV saukuneebis pirveli naxevris farglebSi. Uuaxloesi analogiis saxiT avtors moyvanili aqvs Certomlikis yorRanis xmlis vadis Semamkobeli jixvis Tavebi, romlis TariRi mis mier daaxloebiT q.w. 370 wliTaa gansazRvruli [Amandry 1958: 20] da xazgasmulia am ukanasknelTa Sesrulebis SedarebiT maRali done. karlsrues muzeumSi dacul oqros zurgSedrekil samajurebze [Amandry 1958: 12, tab. 10, 12] jixvis თavebi warmoadgens wyviladi gamosaxulebis erT-erT elements (lomi STanTqavs jixvs). jixvis gamosaxulebebi gvxvdeba aseve amudariis ganZis, nipuris da სiriul samajurebze [Amandry 1958: 14]. vanis #6 samarxSi jixvisTavebiani samajurebis garda aRmoCnda oqros ori zurgSedrekili, lomisa da xbos TavebiT Semkuli samajuri, romelTa Tanabari waxnagovani Rariseburi Rero, rogorc Cans, Sevsebuli iyo feradi inkrustaciiT [Wyonia 1981: 48]. rogorc formiT, ise damzadebis teqnikiT isini savsebiT Seesabameba karlsrues zemoxsenebuli wyvilgamosaxulebiani samajurebis Reros konstruqcias. Aaxlo msgavseba SeiniSneba aseve Tavebis Sesrulebis maneris mxriv.. msgavsi gamosaxulebebi vunidan [Amandry 1958: 13, tab.11, 21-22] gansxvavdeba vanuri egzemplarebisagan mxolod nikapis gaformebis teqnikiT (vanuri variantis sam reliefur nakecs Seesabameba sami daStrixuli Rari vunis gamosaxulebebis nikapze). amgvarad, vanis #6 samarxis zemoaRniSnuli samajurebi msgavsebas avlens erTdroulad vunisa da karlsrues egzemplarebTan [Гогиберидзе 2003: 14]. vanis mdidrul samarxSi sami saxvadasxva gamosaxulebis (jixvi, lomi, xbo) Tanaarseboba gvafiqrebinebs, rom maT Soris garkveuli azrobrivi kavSiri arsebobs, miT ufro, rom zemoxsenebul winaaziur nimuSebze calkeuli elementebi TiTqos gadajaWvulia da qmnis erTian mxatvrul saxeebs. Aase, Rariseburi waxnagovani Reros mqone, lomebisa da xbos TavebiT Semkuli samajurebi aaxloebs vanur egzemplarebs karlsrues variantTan [Amandry 1958: 12, tab. 10, 12, 18], sadac lomis gamosaxulebasTan erTad mocemulia jixvis Tavebic, romlebic Seesabameba jixvebis Tavebis gamosaxulebebs vanis da vunis samajurebze. karlsrues samajurebis meore wyvilze lomi STanTqavs xbos, vanis xbosTavebian samajurebs aseve Rariseburi waxnagovani Rero axasiaTebs da amgvarad, am or SemTxvevaSic erTmaneTs xvdeba ori elementi – Rariseburi Rero da xbos gamosaxuleba. savaraudoa, rom saqme gvaqvs sruliad konkretul simbolikasTan, romelic damaxasiaTebelia Sesabamisi epoqisa da kulturuli wrisaTvis [Гогиберидзе 2003: 14]. esaa aqemeniduri xana da wina aziis romeliRac qveyna, romlis zustad gansazRvra ver xerxdeba, radgan sakvlevi nivTebis gavrcelebis areali sakmaod farToa. Yyvela zemoxsenebuli analogi Tavsdeba q.w. V s-is meore naxevrisa da IV s-is pirveli naxevris farglebSi [Amandry 1958: 18-19]. aRsaniSnavia, rom vanis #6 samarxis oqros samajurebi garegnulad sagrZnoblad gamoirCeva saqarTvelos teritoriaze farTod gavrclebuli liTonis samajurebisagan, am ukanasknelebTan isini kavSirs avlens swored gamosaxulebebis Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT. Ggaformebis mTeli rigi detalebi gvaZlevs saSualebas Tvali gavadevnoT realisturi prototipebis TandaTanobiTi stilizaciis process, da, Sesabamisad, maT Soris arsebul genetikur kavSirebs. sakvlev nivTebSi gamoirCeva aseve oqros zurgSedrekili samajuri sairxis samarovnis #8 akldamidan (sur. ID), romelsac ar eZebneba analogebi qarTul arqeologiur masalebSi. Eesaa oqros zurgSedrekili, mrgvalReroiani masiuri samajuri, romlis boloebi Semkulia verZis Tavebis realisturi gamosaxulebebiT. mkveTradaa modelirebuli drunCi, Tvalebi da

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gofrirebuli rqebi. cxovelis kiserze moTavsebulia sami reliefuri bikonusuri, sigrZiv daRaruli Semsxvileba. samajuri siganeSia ganziduli da or naxevarwres qmnis. siganeSi ganziduli forma am nivTs vanis #6 samarxis jixvisTavebian samajurebTan aaxloebs. sairxis #8 samarxis TariRi gansazRvruli iyo q.w. IV saukunis Sua xanebiT [nadiraZe 1991: 49-50], Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom am samarxis samxreTi kameris masala SedarebiT ufro adreulad gamoiyureba, ase oqros zemoaRwerili verZisTavebiani samajuri, romelic Tavisi siluetiT vanis #6 samarxis samajurebs uaxlovdeba, savaraudod, q.w. IV saukunis pirveli naxevriT, an amave saukunis dasawyisiTac ki SeiZleba daTariRdes, xolo masTan erTad dadasturebuli vercxlisa da brinjaos boloebwawvetebuli ovalis formis farakiani beWdebi, formiT vanis #11 da # 6 samarxebis farakiani beWdebis analogiuri, mikuTvnebulia q.w. VI-V saukuneebisadmi [lorTqifaniZe m. 1969: 103-115; Гогиберидзе 2003: 12]. amJamad sairxis #8 samarxisaTvis Cvens mier SemoTavazeuli TariRi, q.w. IV s pirveli naxevari, gaziarebulia mkvlevarTa mier [maxraZe,wereTeli 2007: 72]. saqarTvelosaTvis aratipiuri nimuSebis ricxvs miekuTvneba vercxlis mrgvalganivkveTiani ovaluri samajuri boloebze verZis Tavis realisturi gamosaxulebebiT sof. ComeTidan (sur. 2). es gamosaxulebebi iZleva saqaTvelos teritoriaze aRmoCenili samajurebis gamosaxulebaTa mTeli seriis amocnobis saSualebas. amitom Cven mas ganvixilavT, rogorc prototips da vaTavsebT Sesabamisi tipologiuri rigebis TavSi (ix.Semdgom). am samajuris uaxloesi analogiebi aRmoCnda fiWvnaris q.w. V s-is berZnuli nekropolis #305 samarxSi, romlis masala gansazRvrulia q.w. 446440 wlebis farglebSi [kaxiZe, vikersi 1014: 94, 97; sur. 56]. calke yuradRebis Rirsia, Cveni azriT, aseve brinjaos mrgvalganivkveTiani samajurebi mTel Reroze irgvliv RarebSi moqceuli SemsxvilebebiT (sur. 128) TeTri wylebis samarovnis #5 samarxidan (1966w.). samarovani daTariRebulia q.w. II-I aTaswleulebiT [margiSvili 1992: 86, tab. ХIХ, 9]. Aam tipis samajurebTan garkveul siaxloves avlens Sesabamisi nivTebi samTavros samarovnis #22, 88 (1938 w.) da #71 (1939 w.) am kategoriis samajurebi Seadgens v.petrenkos klasifikaciis meTormete tips [Петренко 1978: 55, табл. 48]. Aam kategoriis nivTebis uZveles nimuSebad avtori miiCnevs brinjaos samajurs sof. gruSevkas #2 yorRanis #382 samarxidan da aTariRebs q.w. V saukuniT. Aamave xanas akuTvnebs igi volovcis #494 yorRanis samajurs. Aanalogiuri nivTi basovkis yorRanidan daTariRebulia mis mier q.w. VI s. boloTi da V s-is dasawyisiT. analogiuri samkauli posuliedan, terasuli tyestepidan da marjvena sanapirodan moTavsebulia q.w. V saukunis farglebSi [Петренко 1978: 58]. aRsaniSnavia, rom v.petrenkos mier ganxiluli samajurebis umravlesobis boloebi Semkulia cxovelebis stilizebuli gamosaxulebebiT. sayuradReboa, rom es elementi ar gvxvdeba samTavrosa da TeTri wylebis samajurebze, rac aaxloebs am ukanasknelebs winare xanis samajurebTan. Sesabamisad, savaraudoa, rom samajurebi sada CamoWrili boloebiT odnav win unda uswrebdes cxovelisTavianebs, xolo ukanasknelTa gavrcelebis xana VIV saukuneebis farglebSi unda Tavsdebodes. gansaxilvel masalebSi calkemdgomad gamoiyureba mrgvali formis vercxlis mrgvalganivkveTiani, mrgvalzurgiani samajuri konusuri, irgvliv daRaruli boloebiT guadixus samarovnis ufrosi jgufis #25 samarxidan (sur. 132). am nivTis saklasifikacio niSania jvriseburi naWdevi CamoWrili boloebis Sida zedapirze. Aanalogiuri samajuri aRmoCenilia tamanis nekropolis #3 (1938 w.) samarxSi. samrovnis TariRi gansazRvrulia q.w. VI saukuniT. Gguadixus samarovnis ufrosi jgufis samarxebi, m.trapSis azriT, Tavseba VII-VI saukuneebis qronologiur CarCoebSi [Трапш 1970: 20]. tamanuri analogia ki, Cveni azriT, iZleva am tipis samajurebisa da Sesabamisi samarxis TariRis dazustebis saSualebas, romelic unda ganisazRvros q.w. VI saukuniT. gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis Rirsia zurgSedrekili samajuri winwyaros mdidruli samarxidan (sur. 107), romlis vercxlis mrgvalganivkveTian Reroze Semokrulia eleqtrumis gofrirebuli firfita. samajurebis boloebze moTavsebulia or-ori cilindruli, sigrZiv daRaruli Semsxvileba, gamoyofili erTmaneTisagan wyvil-wyvili irgvlivi RarebiT. dekorirebis es xerxi gvxvdeba axalgoris ganZis wriuli burTulebiani sayureebis [Smirnov 1934; tab.III, 24] da sairxis #1 samarxis oqros sayuresa da oqros mZivebis gaformebaSi [nadiraZe j. 1990: 71-72; tab. 34, 8, 7]. igive teqnikaa gamoyenebuli sairxis sakisre rkalze, romlis spilenZis Reroze wamocmulia gofrirebuli mooqruli firfita. am nivTis uaxloes paralels j.nadiraZe q.w. IV s etruskuli xelovnebis nimuSebSi xedavs [nadiraZe j. 1990: 85; tab. 39, 3]. Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenadaa es nivTebi dakavSirebuli etruskul samyarosTan. faqti ki is aris, rom amgvarad damzadebuli nivTebi aRmoCenilia rogorc aRmosavleT, (algeTis mdidruli samarxi, axalgoris ganZi), ise dasavleT

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saqarTveloSi (sairxe) da misi Tavisebureba erT sawarmoo centrze unda miuTiTebdes, romelic saqarTvelos farglebs gareT mdebareobda, radgan saoqromWedlo nawarmiT mdidar saqarTveloSi am xerxiT damzadebuli nivTebis xvedriTi wona Zalze mcirea. rac Seexeba am nivTis daTariRebas, boloebis gaformebis TvalsazrisiT es nivTi Tavsdeba salteebs Soris moqceuli burcobebiT Semkuli samkaulis rigSi, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia q.w. IV-III ss daTariRebuli ZeglebisaTvis da romelTac qvemod ganvixilavT. jgufi I. am jgufis nivTebisaTvis mTavr saklasifikacio niSnad migvaCnia samajurebis boloebis cxovelis TavebiT Semkoba. [gogiberiZe 1988: 101, Гогиберидзе 2003: 18].

I.1.1.00. samajurebis es tipi dajgufebulia gamosaxulebis siuJetis mixedviT (verZis Tavebi). zogjer es gamosaxulebebi realisturia, Tumca umravles SemTxvevebSi saqme gvaqvs stilizaciasTan, romelic arTulebs gamosaxulebis Sinaarsis amokiTxvas. aseT SemTxvevebSi Cven vcdilobT davasabuToT Cveni mosazrebebi gamosaxulebis ama Tu im tipisaTvis mikuTvnebasTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli detalebis saSualebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom realisturi gamosaxulebebi arc Tu ise xSirad gvxvdeba. ase, oqros ovalurzurgiani verZisTaviani samajuri dadasturebulia fiWvnaris q.w. V s-iT daTariRebuli berZnuli samarovnis #245 samarxSi [kaxiZe 2007:357]. sof. ComeTSi kolxuri monetebis ganZTan erTad aRmoCnda vercxlis ovalurzurgiani verZisTavebiani samajuri (sur.26) [Гогиберидзе 2003:12, sur.2]. aseve ovalurzurgiania vanis #11 samarxis oqros verZisTaviani wyvili samajuri (sur. 27) [Wyonia 1981: 47, kat.53, sur. 7], Tumca es ukanasknelni stiliT sruliad gansxvavdeba zemoxsenebulebisagan. oqros verZisTaviani zurgSedrekili samajuri aRmoCnda sairxis samarovnis #8 samarxSi (sur.

28) [nadiraZe 1990: 49-50]. modelirebis TvalsazrisiT igi Zalze axlos dgas fiWvnaruli samjurisa da vanis #11 samarxis oqros verZisTavebiani yelsabamis gamosaxulebebTan [Wyonia 1981, tab. 13,9]. yvela moyvanil egzemplarze sagangebodaa aRniSnuli cxovelis Semsxvilebuli drunCi, rqebs Soris are maxvilkuTxa samkuTxedis saxiT da daRaruli rqebi. Rarebi samkuTxedis wverosaken aris mimarTuli. cxovelis Tavebi rqebTan gafarTovebulia da Tanabari Rerosagan mkveTradaa gamoyofili. am detalebze ase dawvrilebiT imitom vamaxvilebT yuradRebas, rom isini Tavs iCens saqarTvelos teritoriaze, gansakuTrebiT ki qvemo qarTlSi farTod gavrcelebul samajurebze (beSTaSeni, sanTa), romlebic Tavis droze swored am niSnebis mixedviT qvewarmavlis stilizebul gamosaxulebad iqna miCneuli (sur. 29 a,b) [Гогиберидзе 2003. sur.3-178] da romelTa prototipebad swored zemoaRwerilis msgavsi realisturi gamosaxulebebi vigulisxmeT, xolo aRniSnuli detalebi stilizaciisas iqca im, yvelasTvis gasageb simboloebad, romelTa saSualebiTac xdeboda stilizebuli gamosaxulebis identifikacia. amgvarad Semkuli samajurebi saqarTveloSi sxvaganac gvxvdeba (didi lilo, dablagomi, vanis samarxi #11, mTa iaSTxva). amgvarebi aRmoCnda fiWvnaris q.w. V s. kolxuri samarovnis #293 samarxSic [kaxiZe, vikersi 2004: 19, sur. 66]. amdenad, iqmneba Semdegi suraTi: realisturi gamosaxulebebiT Semkuli samajurebi Semodis saqarTvelos teritoriaze samxreTuli gziT, es idea vrceldeba da iwyeba gamosaxulebebis stilizaciis procesi, Cndeba adgilobrovi sawarmoo centrebi, saidanac es produqcia gadis sxva raionebSi da SesaZloa, realistur gamosaxulebebTan Tanaarsebobs. statistikis mixedviT aseTi centris arseboba beSTaSenis midamoebSia sagulisxmo, radgan aq es nivTebi ufro mravladaa warmodgenili, vidre sxvagan. sainteresoa am nivTebis gavrcelebis geografia. ise Cans, rom isini sawarmoo centridan sxiviseburad vrceldeba sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT: QaWarisken (fiWvnari), qarTlisken (didi lilo), imereTisken (vani), afxazeTisken (mTa iaSTxva), aqedan ki SesaZloa, kavkasionis qeds gaRmac, sadac isini ukve kargavs Tavis saklasifikacio elementebs da marTlac gvelis gamosaxulebebs (v.petrenkos gansazRvrebiT) emsgavseba. aq maTi uadresi nimuSebi q.w. IV, xolo ugvianesi q.w. III s-is Semdegac ganagZobs arsebobas [Петренко 1978: 52-53]. saqarTvelos teritoriaze mopovebuli egzemplarebis Semcveli yvela kompleqsi q.w. V s ganekuTvneba. es gvaZlevs saSualebas vivaraudoT, rom am samajurebis forma skviTur samyaroSi saqarTvelos teritoriidanaa moxvedrili, xolo rac Seexeba gamosaxulebis Sinaarss, aq misi mniSvneloba gaugebari darCa, gamosaxulebam dakarga Tavisi ZiriTadi azri da misTvis damaxasiaTebeli simboloebic gaqra [Гогиберидзе 2003: 47]. saqarTvelos teritoriaze verZisTavebiani samajuris ugvianes nimuSad sairxis zurgSedrekili samajuri gvevlineba. igi saerTod erTob Taviseburia da winare xanis nimuSebisagan gansxvavadeba

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saerTo formiT da gaformebis detalebiT. rogorc Cans, verZis simbolur mniSvnelobas jer ar daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba iq, saidinac igi Semoitanes da igi impulsis saxiT kvlav Semodis saqarTveloSi q.w. IV s-Si. es gamosaxulebebi kvlav Cndeba gvianantikuri da adrefeodaluri xanis mijnaze. amgvarad erTi siuJetis magaliTze SegviZlia vimsjeloT ucxouri gavlenebis niadagze adgilobrivi nimuSebis warmoSobisa da maTi Semdgomi gavrcelebis gzebze rogorc saqarTvelos farglebSi, ise mis farglebs gareT, magaliTad skviTebis teritoriaze.

I.1.1.01 (sur. 1). Ooqros wyvili ovaluri mrgvalganivkveTiani samajurebi vanis #11 samarxidan [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972:224] Semkulia verZis TavebiT, romelTac reliefuri wriuli formis rqebi aqvs da yelze or-ori irgvlivi Rari Semouyveba. rqebis gverdebze SerCenilia mcire zomis naWdevebi. am samajurebs zusti analogebi ar eZebneba. vanis #11 samarxis TariRi sadReisod q.w. V saukunis Sua xanebiTaa gansazRvruli [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972:239]. amdenad, da masSi aRmoCenili samajurebs TariRic amave xaniT unda ganisazRvros.

I.1.1.02 (sur. 2). vercxlis mrgvali formis mrgval- ganivkveTiani masiuri samajuri boloebze verZis Tavebis realisturi gamosaxulebebiT Sedis ComeTis kolxuri monetebis ganZis SemadgenlobaSi. profilSi gamosaxulebis drunCi TandaTan msxvildeba Sublisaken da gadadis grexil, daRarul rqebSi. reliefuradaa modelirebuli Tvalebi da naxevarwriuli formis yurebi. zedxedSi TiTqmis Tanabari zomis CamoWrili drunCi farTovdeba Tvalebis areSi. Sublidan kefisaken iSleba gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe, romelic sazRvravs rqebs Soris moqceul sivrces. Yyelze moTavsebulia ormagi sayeluri, Sedgenili reliefur rkalebsa da Rarebs Soris moqceuli mokle, sigrZivad daRaruli sartylebiT [Гогиберидзе 2003:18]. rac Seexeba am nivTis TariRs, stilisturad igi ukavSirdeba q.w. V saukunis nivTebs (mag. verZisTavebiani yelsabami vanis #11 samarxidan) da misi asaki amave saukunis farglebs ar unda scildebodes. Semdgomi variantebi warmodgenilia stilizebuli gamosaxulebebiT. I.1.1.03 (sur.3). Bbrinjaos ovalurzurgiani samajuri beSTaSenis samarovnis #25 samarxidan (davlianiZe 1983: 57; tab.VIII, 1) damzadebulia Tanabari zomis mrgval-brtyeli ganivkveTis mavTulisagan. kisris are ori momrgvalebuli formis yuriseburi SveriliT odnav dabrtyelebulia, Subli SemaRlebuli, drunCi wagrZelebulia da zed datanilia ori paraleluri sigrZivi naWdevi. yurebs Soris moTavsebulia maxvilkuTxa naWdevi RrmuliT. Kkisris gerdiT nawilebze ori reliefuri Sverili aqvs. zemoaRwerili samajurebis gamosaxulebebSi ikiTxeba detalebi, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia verZis TavebisaTvis. esaa gaformebis ramdenime elementi, romelic am variants 02 variantis samajurebTan aaxloebs. Mmsgavseba SeiniSneba grZel, TiTqmis Tanabari zomis drunCSi. maxvilkuTxa Rrmuli 03 variantze unda Seesabamebodes 02 variantis gravirebul maxvil kuTxes. gravirebuli samkuTxedis saSualebiT rqebs Soris sivrcis SemozRudva, rogorc Cans, tradiciuli xerxia, romelic gamoiyeneba rogorc realistur, ise stilizebul gamosaxulebebze. swored amgvaradaa aRniSnuli rqebs Soris mdebare are luristanis cxvrisTavian sakinZze [Vander Berghe L. 1982-83: 158] (daculia berlinis muzeumis luristanul koleqciaSi). Rrma Wdeuli maxvilkuTxa samkuTxediTaa gamoyofili rqebs Soris are vanis #11 samarxis cxvrisTavebiani yelsabamis sakidebze [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972: 221, tab. 193]. 03 variantis gamosaxulebis kiserze moTavsebuli wyvili Rari unda Seesabameboes 02 variantis sayelurs. rac Seexeba yvelaze TvalSisacem elements – grZel yurebs. safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs cxvris rqebis gamartivebul gamosaxulebasTan [gogiberiZe 1988: 103, tab. I,5], razec rqebze datanili iribi Strixebic miuTiTebs, romlebiTac realisturi gamosaxulebebis rqebis daRarulobaa gadmocemuli. vfiqrobT rom es samajuri adgilobrivi ostatis naxelavia, mis dekors ki safuZvlad udevs siuJeti, romelic farTodaa gavrcelebuli mTel wina aziaSi da romlis damzadebis procesis gaadvilebis mizniT xelosani mas gamartivebuli teqnikuri saSualebebiT gadmoscems. tipologiurad es nivTi ukavSirdeba q.w. V s-is masalebs da amave qronologiur farglebSi Tavsdeba.

I.1.1.04 (sur. 4). 03 variantTan mWidro kavSirs avlens brinjaos masiuri ovaluri formis zurgSemsxvilebuli samajuri beSTaSenis samarovnis #26 samarxidan. [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 128, tab. XIII, 429]. samkaulis boloebze moTavsebulia cxovelis Tavebis stilizebuli gamosaxulebebi gverdebze dabrtyelebuli SverilebiT. profilSi drunCi TandaTan msxvildeba Sublisaken. Tavi sworia. kefa daqanebuli. zedxedSi waagavs wakveTil maxvil kuTxes fuZesTan momrgvalebuli SverilebiT. Aam gamosaxulebaSi, iseve rogorc wina egzemplarze, Cven vxedavT verZis Tavis

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stilizebul gamosaxulebas. Aam variantis samajurebis damzadebisas xelosnis mier gamoyenebulia igive teqnikuri xerxebi, rogorc 03 variantis damzadebisas. aqac vxedavT Rrma maxvil kuTxes rqebs Soris, xolo TviT rqebi, etyoba wminda teqnikuri miznebiT, ubralod dabrtyelebulia, anu gamosaxuleba gadmocemulia zedxedSi. kompleqsis da samajuris daTariRebisaTvis mniSvnelovania samarxSi aRmoCenili prizmulTaviani sakinZebi, romelTa axlo analogiebi Cvens mier daTariRebulia q.w. V–IV saukunis dasawyisis qronologiur sazRvrebSi [gogiberiZe 2008: 6], ufro ki V-IV ss mijnas ar unda scildebodes.

I.1.1.05 (sur. 5) brinjaos ovaluri formis samajuri mrgval-brtyeli ganivkveTis ReroTi da brtyeli Sverilebiani TaviT aRmoCnda beSTaSenis #24 samarxSi [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 127, tab.

XIII, 419]. cxovelis dabrtyelebuli kefa zedxedSi trapecias warmoadgens. Sublisaken Semsxvilebuli grZeli, Tanabari zomis drunCi CamoWrilia. uSualod TavTan da zurgze datanilia eqvs-eqvsi wriuli naWdevi. zedxedSi drunCis wina mxare dafarulia samajuris boloebisaken gaSlili Tevzifxuri gravirebuli ornamentiT. Sublze, Tvalebis adgilas ganlagebulia Rrmulebi, rqebis adgili Semkulia paraleluri gravirebuli zolebiT, romlebic erTdeba kefaze maxvili kuTxis saxiT. Aam gamosaxulebas Cven aseve cxvris Tavebis stilizebuli gamosaxulebebis ricxvs mivakuTvnebT. amaze miuTiTebs rogorc samajuris saerTo forma, ise zemoxsenebuli tradiciuli xerxebi, romlebic ixmareboda cxovelis gamosaxulebebis modelirebisas. yuradRebas iqcevs iribi naWdevebi, romlebic, Cveni aziT, Seesabameba gofrirebul rqebs vanis #11 samarxis oqros samajurebsa [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972a, sur. 193] da ComeTis vercxlis samajurebze (sur. 2). cxovelis Tavis gamosaxulebis dabrtyeleba SeiZleba Semdegnairad aixsnas. radgan mTavari mniSvneloba gamosaxulebis Sinaarss eniWeboda, misi moculoba aRar TamaSobda arsebiT rols.

Ggamosaxuleba maqsimalurad martivdeboda da inarCunebda mxolod ZiriTad, azrobrivi mniSvnelobis mqone elementebs. gansakuTrebiT yuradRebas imsaxurebs am rigis gamosaxulebaTa kidev erTi detali: cxovelis Tavi brtyeldeba rqebis areSi. Aam detals Cven kidev mivubrundebiT am tipis sxva gamosaxulebebis ganxilvisas. samive zemoT ganxiluli samajuri Sedis c.davlianiZis mier samajurebisaTvis SemuSavebuli klasifikacis I jgufSi. avtori am gamosaxulebebs didyura cxovelis gamosaxulebebad miiCnevs da Tvlis, rom tipologiurad isini exmaureba Zv.w. VI – V ss-is [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 127], Cveni azriT ki ufro V saukunis Sua xanebis masalebs [Гогиберидзе 2003: 61]. es siaxloe vlindeba rogorc saerTo formis, ise gamosaxulebis detalebSi, razedac momdevno variantis ganxilvisas gveqneba saubari.

I.1.1.06 (sur. 6). verZis gamosaxulebis Semdgomi stilizaciis magaliTs warmoadgens, Cveni azriT, gamosaxulebaTa sakmaod mravalricxovani jgufi, romlebic specialur literaturaSi qvewarmavlis Tavebis saxeliTaa cnobili. Aam variantis samajurebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Tanabari zomis masiuri Rero, foTliseburi, dabrtyelebuli Tavi da viwro, Semsxvilebuli drunCi. zedxedSi dabrtyelebuli foTliseburi Tavis zedapirzeDdatanilia gravirebuli, Rerosaken gaSlili maxvili kuTxe, romlisaganac samajuris boloebis mimarTulebiT gamodis xSiri paraleluri xazebi. am variantis samajurebis damzadebisas, rogorc gairkva, Reros ganivkveTis formas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba ar eniWeboda.

Ggvxvdeba rogorc mrgvalganivkveTiani, ise ovaluri, an waxnagovani ganivkveTi. ZiriTadi azrobrivi datvirTva modioda cxovelis Tavebis gaformebasa da siluetze. amgvarad, am tipis samajurebis ZiriTadi saklasifikacio niSania masiuri Rero, foTliseburi Tavi da Tanabari, Semsxvilebuli drunCi. samajuris saeTo forma sakmaod kanonikuria. rac Seexeba am variantis gamosaxulebebis mikuTvnebas qvewermavlis gamosaxulebebisaTvis, migvaCnia, rom Tumca gvelis kults saqarTveloSi sakmaod Rrma fesvebi aqvs da am arsebis gamosaxulebebiT Semkuli artefaqtebi ar aris ucxo adgilobrivi arqeologiisaTvis, mocemuli variantis gamosaxulebebi maT ricxvs ar ganekuTvneba. specialur literaturaSi araerTxel gamoiTqva azri cxovelis gamosaxulebebiT Semkuli samajurebis winaaziuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. safiqrebelia, rom saerTo formasTan erTad vrceldeboda aRmosavluri prototipebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli siuJetebi da simbolika, romelic imdenad kargad iyo SeTvisebuli da gaazrebuli adgilobrivi ostatebis mier, rom ukiduresi stilizaciisa da sqematizaciis miuxedavad sul ramdenime Strixis saSualebiT xerxdeboda gamosaxulebis azrobrivi mniSvnelobis gadmocema. winaaziuri saxelosnoebis produqciis nimuSebs Soris

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gvxvdeba nivTebi, romlebic Semkulia rogorc realurad arsebuli cxovelebis (verZi, xbo, jixvi, qurciki, lomi, taxi, gedi da sxv.), ise fantastikuri, gamogonili saxeebi (grifoni, drakoni). es siuJetebi v. petrenkos azriT, damaxasiaTebelia skviTuri samyarosaTvis [Петренко 1978:52]. aqve unda aRiniSnos rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze mopovebuli samajurebi Tumca ki avlens garkveul msgavsebas skviTur masalebTan, magram xasiaTdeba dekorirebis mTeli rigi gansxvavebuli niSnebiT. ase magaliTad, v. petrenkos klasifikaciis Sesabamisi jgufis samajurebze saerTod ar gvxvdeba sakvlevi samajurebisaTvis esoden damaxasiaTebeli gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe. aseve ar gvxvdeba xSiri iribi naWdevebi.

06 variantis verZis Tavebis gamosaxulebasTan kavSiri gansakuTrebiT kargad ikiTxeba 05 variantis magaliTze. ukanasknelis ganxilvisas Cven sagangebod gavusviT xazi iseT niSnebs, rogoricaa dabrtyelebuli Tavi da Semsxvilebuli, mogrZo drunCi. am gamosaxulebis profili zustad Seesabameba 06 variantis profils. orive SemTxveveaSi dabrtyelebul Tavze mocemulia gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe. 05 variantisagan gansxvavaebiT 06 variantis Tevzifxuri ornamenti ufro gamartivebulia da samajuris boloebisakenaa mimarTuli. amasTan dakavSirebiT iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom iribi naWdevebi am SemTxvevaSic cxovelis daRarul rqebs Seesabameba. gaformebis zogierTi variaciebi arsebiTad ar cvlis gamosaxulebis azrobriv mniSvnelobas. beSTaSenis samarovnis #9 samarxis samajurebze (sur.6) [menabde, davlianiZe 1968:121; tab.XIII,363] gamosaxulebebi waSlilia. SerCenilia ornamentis mxolod nawili – boloebisaken gaSlili iribi paraleluri xazebi dabrtyelebul Tavze da sami Rari drunCze. meore samajurze amave samarxidan (sur.8) [menabde, davlianiZe 1968:122;tab.XIII,364] SerCenilia mxolod gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe gamosaxulebis dabrtyelebul Tavze. Rero Tanabaria, forma ovaluri. #17 samarxis brinjaos samajuris boloebze (sur. 8) [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 128; tab. XII, 385] dekoris yvela elementi sruladaa warmodgenili: maxvili kuTxe misgan gamomavali gravirebuli paraleluri xazebiTa da Tevzifxuri ornamentiT kisris areSi. beSTaSenis samarovnis #26 samarxis erT samajurze (sur.9) [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 124; tab. XIII, 429] maxvili kuTxis mxolod nawilia SerCenili, xolo meoreze (sur. 10) [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 124; tab. XIII, 430] SeiniSneba daudevrad datanili kuTxis nawili, xSiri Tevzifxuri ornamenti da drunCze ori paraleluri, nestoebis msgavsi Rari. amave samarovnis #28 samarxis brinjaos samajuris boloebi (sur. 11) [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 123; tab. XIII, 445] Semkulia gravirebuli kuTxiT da misgan gamomavali Tevzifxuri ornamentiT. analogiuradaa gaformebuli gamosaxulebebi #36 samarxis samajurzec (sur. 12) [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 131; tab. XIV, 464]. msgavsi samajuri dadasturebulia sof. sanTas #2 samarxSi (sur.13) [Гогиберидзе 2003: 23]. igi damzadebulia Tanabari zomis oTx- waxnagaganivkveTiani mavTulisagan. cxovelis dabrtyelebuli Tavi oTxwaxnaga drunCiT Semkulia tradiciuli gravirebuli maxvili kuTxiT da Tevzifxuri ornamentiT. kisris areSi datanilia Semxvedri iribi naWdevebi. brinjaos analogiuri samajurebi aRmoCnda vanis #11 samarxSi msaxuri qalebis ZvlebTan [Гагошидзе 1982; Гогиберидзе 2003: 24]. erT-erTi maTgani formiT emTxveva mocemuli variantis samajurebs. cxovelis Tavebi dabrtyelebulia, drunCi Semsxvilbuli. dabrtyelebul nawilze gamosaxulia gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe da Tevzifxuri ornamenti. meore samajuris drunCi sxva saerTo elementebTan erTad Semkulia sami irgvlivi RariT drunCis garSemo, iseve, rogorc BbeSTaSenis #9 samarxis egzemplarze. am variantis samajurebisaTvis axlo analogias warmoadgens brinjaos samajuri iaSTxvas mTis #1 samarxidan (sur. 15) [kvirkvelia 1978: 71, tab. 28, 23]. cxovelis dabrtyelebul Tavze moTavsebulia gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe. Tavis, drunCis kideebze da kisris areSi SerCenilia iribi naWdevebi. sxva ganxiluli nimuSebisagan gansxvavebiT, maxvili kuTxis orive mxares moTavsebulia RrmulebiT gadmocemuli Tvalebi. am variantis nivTebSi SeiniSneba garkveuli gansxvavebebi. amitom mizanSewonilad miviCnieT maTi calke qvetipebad gamoyofa.

I.1.1.06.a (sur. 16). brinjaos samajuri vanis #11 samarxidan Tavisi siluetiT emTxveva 06 variantis nivTebs, Tumca dekorSi ar gvxvdeba maxvili kuTxe. drunCisken gaSlili, Rrma iribi naWdevebi datanilia SedarebiT SoriSor [Гогиберидзе 2003: 24].

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I.1.1.06.b (sur. 17) brinjaos samajuri didi lilodan formiT aseve emTxveva 06 variantis nivTebs, Tumca misi dabrtyelebuli Tavebi Semkulia wyvil-wyvili koncentruli RarebiT. gareTa wreebi ikveTeba Tvalebis areSi. [Гогиберидзе 2003: 24].

I.1.1.06.c (sur. 18) aRmoCnda vanis #11 samarxSi. am qvetipis samajuris Tavze maxvili kuTxis wveri gaxsnilia. SedarebiT Rrma da meCxeri Tevzifxuri ornamenti maxvili kuTxis gverdebis paraleluria.

ZiriTadi gansxvaveba SeiniSneba gamosaxulebis profilSi. c qvetipis gamosaxulebebis drunCi Sublisaken TandaTan msxvildeba da mkveTrad eSveba dabrtyelebuli nawilisaken. sxva am tipis samajurebisagan gansxvavebiT, am qvetipis samajurebis zurgi Sua nawilisaken Semsxvilebulia [Гогиберидзе 2003: 24].

Cvens mier gamoyofil qvetipebSi SeiniSneba zogierTi detali, romelic sxva tipis samajurebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. am sakiTxs Cven kidev mivubrundebiT Sesabamisi masalebis ganxilvisas. safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs ama Tu im gamosaxulebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebis SemTxveviT an Segnebul SerevasTan. SesaZloa, es moxda maSin, rodesac gamosaxulebis kanonikuri elementebi jer ar iyo Camoyalibebuli, an piriqiT, maTi mniSvneloba ukve daviwyebuli iyo.

I.1.1.06.d (sur. 19). ramdenadac vanis #11 samarxSi aRmoCenili es nivTi sakmaod Taviseburia, misi 06 variantisaTvis mikuTvneba pirobiTia. amis saSualebas mxolod misi saerTo forma iZleva. samajuris boloebi foTliseburadaa dabrtyelebuli. Sublze sami paraleluri sigrZivi Rari duyveba. SesaZloa. aq imave siuJetis ukiduresad ganzogadoebul stilizaciasTan gvqondes saqme [Гогиберидзе 2003: 25].

Sesabamisi kompleqsebis analizis safuZvelze SesaZlebeli xdeba I.1.1.06 variantis (sur. 6-15) qronologiis gansazRvra. maTi umravlesoba momdinareobs beSTaSenis samarovnidan, romlis TariRi zogadad gansazRvrulia q. w. V s. pirveli naxevriT [davlianiZe 1983:115]. am variantis oTxi samajuris vanis #11 samarxSi aRmoCenis faqti saSualebas gvaZlevs ganvsazRvroT maTi absoluturi asaki V s Sua xanebiT samarxis TariRis mixedviT [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972:23]. niSandoblivia, rom beSTaSenis samarxebSi am variantis TiTo samajuria aRmoCenili (#26 samarxis gamoklebiT, sadac sami amgvari nivTia napovni), maSin, rodesac vanis #11 samarxSi maTi oTxi sxvadasxva qvetipia dadasturebuli. es samkauli mdidari kolxi qalis Tanmxleb msaxur qalebs ekuTvnoda. amrigad, am variantis samajurebis gavrcelebis xana swored q.w. V s Sua xanebs emTxveva. am TariRs arc sanTas #2 samarxis inventari ewinaaRmdegeba. igive SeiZleba iTqvas mTa iaSTxvas #1 samarxis inventarze, romelsac g. kvirkvelia aseve q.w. V s miakuTvnebs [kvirkvelia 1978:77-78). avtori xazs usvams am kompleqsis zogierTi nivTis siaxloes vanis #11 samarxis Sesabamis masalasTan. ase, magaliTad, geometriuli ornamentiT Semkul vercxlis brtyel samajurs igi amsgavsebs Cveni klasifikaciis I.1.2.04 variantis samajurs (ix.qvemoT). mis miervea SeniSnuli rombulzurgiani fibulis ornamentaciis msgavseba kolxuri diademebis SemkulobasTan. amas unda davumatoT zemoxsenebuli I.1.1.06 variantis samajuric da cxadi xdeba, rom saqme gvaqvs erTi da imave periodisa da kulturuli wris masalebTan, xolo ganxiluli analogiebi saSualebas iZleva mTa iaSTxvas #1 samarxis TariRis Semdgomi dazustebisa da misi gansazRvrisa q.w.V s Sua xanebiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 64]. garkveuli msgavseba SeiniSneba amave variantis samajurebsa da Sesabamis masalebs Soris skviTuri yorRanebidan. v.petrenko aTavsebs maT gvelisTavebiani samajurebis jgufSi (tipi 2 misi klasifikaciiT). uZvelesi amgvari nivTi mis mier q.w. IV s da III s Semdgomi xanebiTaa daTariRebuli [Петренко 1978:52,53]. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tumca saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili samajurebi saerTo formiT avlens msgavsebas skviTurebTan, gaformebis TvalsazrisiT maT Soris garkveuli sxvaoba SeiniSneba. skviTuri yorRanebidan momdinare samajurebze sruliad ar gvxvdeba saqarTvelos Sesabamisi nivTebisaTvis ase damaxasiaTebeli maxvili kuTxe da naWdevebi – cxvris Tavebis gamosaxulebebis aucilebeli atributi. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom skviTuri nimuSebi warmoadgens am nivTebis saerTo formis gviandel nasesxobebs, rodesac am simboloebis azrobrivi mniSvneloba ukve dakargulia, anda gaugebaria skviTi ostatebisaTvis, miT ufro rom gamosaxulebebi, romlebic Cvens mier verZis gamosaxulebebadaa miCneuli, qronologiurad win uswrebs skviTurs da Tavsdeba sakmaod viwro qronologiur CarCoebSi – q.w. V saukunis Sua xanebis farglebSi [Гогиберидзе 2003:64].

I.1.1.07. (sur. 20). dablagomSi kolxuri monetebis ganZTan erTad aRmoCenili vercxlis ori samajuri [Гогиберидзе 2003:25] zedxedSi 06 variantis samajurebs mogvagonebs. Tavebze gamosaxulia

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kuTxegaxsnili maxvili kuTxe, yelis areSi - paraleluri ganivi Rarebi. amiTi maTi 06 variantTan msgavseba amoiwureba. am gamosaxulebebis profili sruliad gansxvavdeba. cxovelis drunCi kefisaken ovalurad msxvildeba. kiserze gadasvlis adgili gverdxedSi aqcentirebulia momrgvalebuli SverilebiT. amdenad, gamosaxuleba uaxlovdeba 06 variants, rac saSualebas iZleva masSi verZis stilizebuli gamosaxuleba vigulisxmoT, romlis Sinaarsobrivi elementia, erTis mxriv, rqebs Soris sivrcis aRmniSvneli gravirebuli samkuTxedi da, meores mxriv, 06 variantis profilebi.

I.1.2.00. calke tipi Seadgina samajurebma, romelTa boloebi Semkulia zurgze gadawyobili, mogrZo, wvetianyurebiani cxovelis gamosaxulebebiT. realisturi gamusaxulebebis garda am tipSi eqceva mTeli rigi stilizebuli gamosaxulebebi, romlebic gamoirCeva specifikuri saklasifikacio niSnebiT. I.1.2.01. (sur.21). brinjaos samajuri cxovelis realisturi gamosaxulebiT amoCnda e.Sulcis mier TeTriwyaroSi 1902 wels gaTxril qvayuTSi, romelic ramdenime areul ConCxs Seicavda [Гогиберидзе 2003: 26]. masiuri, oTxwaxnagaganivkveTiani, TanabarReroiani samajuris boloebze ganlagebulia cxovelis realisturi gamosaxulebebi, romelTac grZeli, wvetiani yurebi zurgze aqvs gadawyobili da momrgvalebuli Tavisagan RariT aris gamoyofili. Seburcul Tavze datanilia CaRarul wreebiT gadmocemuli Tvalebi. daqanebuli Subli dabldeba ormagi drunCisaken, romelic ganivi RarebiTaa danawevrebuli. maT Soris mdebare Sua monakveTi sigrZivaa daRaruli. yurebs Soris are Semoxazulia gravirebuli maxvili kuTxiT (I.1.1.01-02 gamosaxulebebis msgavsad).

Tavebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba. meore Tavi wundebulis STabeWdilebas tovebs. aq pirvel monakveTs mosdevs Semsxvileba, romelsac oTx adgilas emCneva iseTive wreebi, rogoric Tvalebis gadmosacemadaa gamoyenebuli pirvel Tavze. mas mosdevs sigrZiv daRaruli monakveTi, Semdeg ki iseTive Tavi, rogorc pirvel gamosaxulebaze. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom damzadebisas ostatma sworad ver gansazRvra Tavis detalebis adgili da misi gadakeTeba mouxda. yuradRebas iqcevs gamosaxulebis damaxasiaTebeli profili. yurebis areSi igi msxvildeba da SemosazRvrulia iribi naWdeviT yuris gverdiT nawilSi. am nivTis qronologiis zusti gansazRvra ver xerxdeba, radgan samarxi, romelSic igi aRmoCnda, ramdenime micvalebulis areul Zvlebs Seicavda. tipologiuri rigis TavSi igi imitom movaqcieT, rom am realistur gamosaxulebaze kargad Cans detalebi, romlebic stilizebuli gamosaxulebebis amocnobis saSualebas iZleva. Semdgomi variantebi lagdeba maTi realistur gamosaxulebasTan siaxlois xarisxis mixedviT. I.1.2.02 (sur. 22).Kkamaraxevis samarovnis #8 samarxSi aRmoCenili vercxlis samajurebi did msgavsebas avlens I.1.2.01 variantis gamosaxulebebTan [Гогиберидзе 2003: 26], Tumca gamosaxuleba SedarebiT stilizebulia. am nimuSebze mkveTradaa gamoxatuli cxovelis odnav SemaRlebuli yurebi, gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe da profilSi iribi naWdevi yuris gverdiT nawilze. kiserze moTavsebulia sayeluri – cilindruli, sigrZiv daRaruli Semsxvileba. mas mosdevs sami paraleluri texili xazisagan Sedgenili ornamenti. aRsaniSnavia, rom es elementebi damaxasiaTebelia samkaulis meore jgufisaTvis, romlis Sesaxebac dawvrilebiT qvemoT gveqneba saubari. am tipis samajuris TariRis dasadgenad mniSvnelovania erTi detali – texili xazebiT SemozRuduli daRaruli burcobi. rogorc kvlevam gviCvena, amgvari dekori saqarTvelos masalebSi samajurebze q.w. IV saukunis Zeglebze gvxvdeba (ix qvemoT. jgufi II). kamaraxevis samarovnis TariRi zogadad q.w. V-IV ss gansazRvruli [ramiSvili 1959:9]. rac Seexeba sakuTriv samajurebs, r.ramiSvili maT am samarovanze mopovebuli samajurebis adreul jgufs miakuTvnebs [ramiSvili 1959:35]. amave samarxSi aRmoCenil farakian beWeds m. lorTqifaniZe ukavSirebs antikur beWdebs, romlebic gavrcelebuli iyo saqarTveloSi q.w. V saukuneSi [lorTqifaniZe m. 1981:45]. beWdis faraki ovaluria, beWedi masiuria da, amdenad, garkveul msgavsebas avlens vanis #9 samarxis beWedTan [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972,sur.169), aseve e.w. axalgoruli tipis beWdebTan. analogiuri formis beWdebi amudariis ganZidan daTariRrebulia q.w. IV-III saukuneebiT [Зеймаль 1979: 59, 60]. amave xaniT ganisazRvra kamaraxevis zemoaRwerili beWdis TariRic [javaxiSvili 2015: 10]. amave kompleqsidan momdinare tuCiani jami sakmaod farTo qronologiuri diapazoniT xasiadeba da gvxvdeba rogorc q.w.V saukunis (beSTaSenis samarovani)[davlianiZe1983: 7], ise mogviano xanis masalebSi (samadlo) [Гагошидзе 1977; 1981: 91, 97, 256, 444 da sxv.]. kamaraxevis kompleqsis amforoskiseburi sakidebi IV s farglebSi Tavsdeba [Алексеева 1878: 74; Лесков 1972:23].

14

amgvarad, I.1.2.02 variantis samajurebis asaki maTi Tanmxlebi masalisa da tipologiuri siaxlois safuZvelze unda ganvsazRvroT q.w. IV s pirveli naxevris farglebSi. Tuki Kkamaraxevis samajurebze jer kidev SenarCunebulia realisturi prototipebis nakvTebi, am tipis samajurebis ZiriTad masaze stilizacia imdenad Zlieria, rom maTi realistur gamosaxulebebTan kavSiris Tvalis gadevneba sakmaod Znelia. swored amitom aris, rom mkvlevarTa umravlesoba maTSi qvewarmavlis gamosaxulebas xedavs. da mainc am gamosaxulebebis dekorSi SenarCunebulia is mdgradi elementebi, romlebic saSualebas iZleva maTSi wvetianyurebiani cxoveli (magaliTad xbo) amovicnoT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 25].

I.1.2.03 (sur. 23). yvelaze TvalsaCinod es kavSirebi SeiniSneba winandlis brinjaos samajuris gamosaxulebebis magaliTze [Гогиберидзе 2003:27]. realisturi gamosaxulebis sxvadasxva detalebidan aq SenarCunebulia ormagi drunCi. Tvalis adgilas Rrmulebi, Semsxvilebuli Tavi da mkveTrad moxazuli, zurgze gadawyobili yurebi gravirebuli maxvili kuTxiT. profilSi yurebi SemaRlebulia da Rerosagan gamoyofilia iribi safexuriT. I.1.2.03a (sur. 24). am gamosaxulebis Semdgomi stilizaciis magaliTs vxedavT winwandlis meore samajurze [Гогиберидзе 2003: 27]. aq cxovelis gamosaxuleba ori nawilisagan Sedgeba da ikveTeba ori ganivi xaziT. Tavi Semsxvilebulia kargad Cans Taviseburad, magram mkveTrad gadmocemuli, erTmaneTisagan iribi naWdevebiT gamoyofili yurebi. iseve, rogorc realistur gamosaxulebebze, yurebis are odnav gafarToebulia. zemoaRwerili gamosaxulebebisagan gansxvavebiT, am variantis gamosaxulebebisaTvis ufro kuTxovani formebia damaxasiaTebeli. gamartivebuli gamosaxuleba gadmocemlia mkveTri, swori xazebis saSualebiT. profilSi yurebis are warmoadgens wagrZelebul marTkuTxeds, romelic iribi safexuris saxiT eSveba Rerosken. Cveni azriT, swored es elementi (anu wagrZelebuli marTkuTxedi, romelic uSualod ekvris cxovelis Tavs) warmoadgens am tipis gamosaxulebebis mTavar saklasifikacio niSans da Seesabameba zurgze gadawyobil yurebs realistur gamosaxulebebze. winandlis samajurebis (I.1.2.03) TariRTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, maTi 02 variantTan tipologiuri siaxlois miuxedavad, isini ramdenadme ufro arqaulad gamoiyureba da savaraudod V-VI saukuneebi mijnas, an IV s dasawyis unda ekuTvnodes. [Гогиберидзе 2003: 66].

I.1.2.04 (sur.25). am tips vakuTvnebT cxovelis stilizebul gamosaxulebebs vercxlis lentur samajurebze vanis #11 samarxidan [lorTqifaniZe,fuTuriZe 1972: 232, sur.205]. gamosaxulebaze xazgasmulia cxovelis mogrZo formis Tavi, romelic mkveTradaa SemaRlebuli brtyel Reroze. mkveTradaa gamoyofili drunCi, Subli odnav Semsxvilebulia, kefaze datanilia Rrma CaRaruli samkuTxedi. aRsaniSnavia, rom es samajurebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba am jgufis sxva samajurebisagan rogorc formiT, ise Sesrulebis maneriT. Tumca yvela SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive simboloebis gamoyeneba gvafiqrebinebs, rom am SemTxvevaSic saqme gvaqvs yurebgadawyobili cxovelis gamosaxulebasTan. vanis #11 samarxis TariRidan gaomdinare am tips TariRad q.w.V s-is Sua xanebi unda miviCnioT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 66].

I.1.2.05 (sur.26) am rigis gamosaxulebebs miekuTvneba aseve vanis #9 samarxSi aRmoCenili vercxlis samajurebis gamosaxulebebi, romlebSic avtorebi yurebgadaweuli ZaRlis gamosaxulebas xedaven [lorTqifaniZe fuTuriZe 1972: 208, sur 170a]. profilSi cxovelis Tavi wagrZelebulia. mas mosdevs mogrZo marTkuTxedi, romelic TandaTan eSveba Tanabari Rerosaken. zedxedSi marTkuTxedis zedapirze ikiTxeba Wdeuli samkuTxedi. yvela es niSani damaxasiaTebelia zemoaRwerili cxovelebis gamosaxulebebisaTvis da, SesaZloa, es gamosaxulebac maT rigs mikuTvnebodes. vanis #9 samarxi masSi aRmoCenili filipe II staterisa da importuli nivTebis safuZvelze daTariRebulia q.w. IV s mesame meoTxediT [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972:203]. tipilogiuri TvalsazisiT samajurebi cota ufro arqaulad gamoiyureba da migvaCnia, rom misi TariRi q.w. IV s Sua xanebis farglebSi unda moTavsdes. amrigad, zemoaRwerili tipis gamosaxulebebis mTavar saklasifikacio niSnad migvaCnia Semdegi elementebi: pirveli da mTavaria wagrZelebuli oTxkuTxedi, romelic uSualod ekvriს gamosaxulebis Tavs da Seesabameba cxovelis zurgze gadawyobil yurebs. danarCeni elementebi, rogorc Cans meorexarisxovan rols TamaSobda da Sesabamisad, cvalebadia. ase magaliTad, maxvili kuTxe kefaze zogjer saerTod ar aris. drunCi gamosaxulebebis umravlesobaze Sedgeba ori

15

nawilisagan, Tumca gaformebis mxrivac.

arsebobs

gamonaklisebic.

Ggarda

amisa,

SeimCneva

zogierTi

gansxvaveba

I.1.2.06 (sur.27) Eyurebgadawyobili cxovelis stilizebuli gamosaxulebebi amkobs brinjaos samajurebs beSTaSenis samarovnis #62 samarxidanac [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 142, tab. XVI, 561]. profili Seesabameba am tipis sxva gamosaxulebebis siluets. cxovelis ormagi drunCi msxvildeba Sublisaken, Semdeg TandaTan eSveba kefisaken da gadadis odnav Semsxvilebul mogrZo marTkuTxedSi, romelic mTavrdeba RerosTan momrgvalebuli safexuris saxiT. gverdze sigrZivi Rari gasdevs. Reroze moTavsebulia irgvlivi RarebiT gadmocemuli sayeluri. zedxedSi drunCis wina nawili momdevnoze ufro viwroa da grZeli. Tavis are Semsxvilebulia da gamoyofilia marTkuTxedisagan mcire zomis safexuriT. Tavis Sua nawilSi datanilia werTilovani Rrmuli. yurebs Soris are aRniSnulia ori iribi naWdeviT, romlebic kefaze mokle, ganivi naWdeviT erTdeba. yuris adgilas datanilia iribi naWdevebi. am gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis amoxsnaSi dagvexmara gamosaxulebebi vercxlis samajurebze egviptidan [Amandry 1958, sur.13,35-36]. p. amandris dakvirvebiT, samajurebi Sesrulebulia sakmaod primitiul provinciul stilSi. Mmisi azriT, isini unda ganekuTvnebodes q.w. V s-ze mogviano xanas. samajurebi zurg- Sedrekilia. boloebze moTavsebulia zurgze yureb- gadawyobili cxovelis stilizebuli gamosaxulebebi. PprofilSi cxovelis Tanabari zomis drunCi gadadis momrgvalebuli formis TavSi, romelic odnav gamoiyofa yurebis arisagan. Tvalebi gadmocemulia wriuli naWdevebiT. nikapidan Tvalebisaken miemarTeba paraleluri xazebiT Sedgenili, iribi mokle xazebiT daStrixuli marTi kuTxe. analogiuri mcire zomis marTi kuTxe moTavsebulia yurebis areSi da Seesabameba yurebis niJarebs.

Cveni azriT, beSTaSenis zemoxsenebuli samajuris mokle naWdevebi unda Seesabamebodes swored mcire samkuTxeds egviptur gamosaxulebebze da imave detals unda aRniSnavdes. pirveli tipis samajurebis ganxilvisas Cven aRvniSneT, rom iribi naWdevebiT gadmoicemoda cxovelis gofrirebuli rqebi. amgvarad, mocemul gamosaxulebaze erTdroul;ad gamosaxulia cxovelis yurebica da rqebic. (SesaZloa es antilopaa) [Гогиберидзе 2003: 30].

I.1.2.06 variants unda miekuTvnos aseve brinjaos samajuris gamosaxulebebi kikeTis samarovnis #1 qvayuTidan (sur. 28), romelic yvela parametriT emTxveva beSTaSenur egzemplars. am ukanasknelis msgavsad, cxovelis ormagi drunCi gadadis momrgvalebul TavSi, romelsac mosdevs odnav dabrtyelebuli wagrZelebuli marTkuTxedi, romelic Rerosagan iribi safexuriTaa gamoyofili. zedxedSi cxovelis kiserze SerCenilia ori iribi naWdevi misgan Tavisaken mimarTuli Tevzifxuri ornamentiT. amave variants ekuTvnis kidev erTi samajuri amave samarovnis #2 qvayuTidan (sur.29), romelic garkveuli TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba. gamosaxulebis Tavis centralur nawilSi datanili wertilovani Rrmulis garda Tavis gverdiT nawilebze ganlagebulia amoRaruli Tvalebi. [Гогиберидзе 2003:30]. am variantis samajurebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, aRmoCnda beSTaSenis samarovnis #62 da kikeTis samarovnis #1 da #2 samarxebidan, romelTa TariRi zogadad q.w.V saukuniTaa gansazRvruli [menabde, davlianiZe 1968:142; davlianiZe 1983:112]. aRsaniSnavia, rom tipologiis TvalsazrisiT es varianti uaxlovdeba q.w. V s-is nimuSebs. gamosaxulebebi momrgvalebuli formisaa. amgvarebis TariRi SeiZleba ganisazRvros V s-is boloTi da IV s dasawyisiT I.1.2.06 a (sur. 30) amave variantis qvesaxeobad unda gamoiyos brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis samarovnis #2 samarxidan. [menabde, davlianiZe 1968:119, tab. XI,345]. Semkulobis garkveuli Taviseburebebis miuxedavad SeimCneva gamosaxulebis mWidro siaxloe am variantTan. mkafiod aris gamoxatuli cxovelis drunCi, momrgvalebuli Tavi wertilovani RrmuliT Sua nawilSi da Tvalebi. kefis ukan ganlagebulia TanabarganivkveTiani Rerosagan mkveTrad gamoyofili mogrZo marTkuTxedi. amiT msgavseba am variantTan amoiwureba. sul sxvagvaradaa modelirebuli drunCi. igi warmoadgens ori reliefuri saltiT SemozRudul kasrisebur Semsxvilebas. burcobis orive kidesTan datanilia samkuTxa urTierTSemxvedri naWdevebi. dabrtyelebuli marTkuTxedis zedapirze datanilia sami sigrZivi Rari. gverdiT waxnags gasdevs mokle sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali ganivi mokle naWdevebiT. kiserze ganlagebulia ganivi irgvlivi Rarebi. es qvesaxeoba, Tumca ki avlens tipologiur siaxloes V s samajurebTan, meores mxriv drunCis daRaruli burcobiT gadmocema aaxloebs mas salteebs Soris moqceuli burcobebiT Semkul samkaulTan, romlebic ZiriTadad q.w. IV saukuniTaa daTariRebuli (ix. jgufi II). vfiqrobT, rom ganxiluli egzemplari q.w.IV saukunis dasawyisiT unda daTariRdes.

16

I.1.2.07 (sur 31). am variants vakuTvnebT brinjaos samajurs winandlidan [Гогиберидзе 2003: 31]. formiT igi uaxlovdeba I.1.2.03 variantis samajurs. profilSi gamosaxulebis drunCze ikiTxeba ori Rari, romelic gamosaxulebas or nawilad yofs. cxovelis Tavi odnav amoburculi SubliT sustad gamoxatuli safexuriT dabldeba mogrZo, dabrtyelebuli marTkuTxedisaken. kiserTan Tanabar, oTxwaxnagagenivkveTian Reroze datanilia oTxi paraleluri Rari. maT mosdevs gravirebuli texili xazi, romlis kuTxeebi Reros wiboebs Seesabameba. zedxedSi wagrZelebuli drunCi dafarulia ganivi da sigrZivi xazebiT. drunCisagan RariT gamoyofil Tavze moTavsebulia gadajvaredinebuli iribi xazebi, romlebic gamosaxulebas oTx samkuTxedad yofs. gverdiT samkuTxedebSi moTavsebilia RrmulebiT aRniSnuli Tvalebi. kefis ukan mdebare Raridan gamodis ori iribi naWdevi, romlebic zurgze gadawyobili yurebis STabeWdilebas tovebs. zogadad, I.1.2.07 variantis samajurebi (sur.31-33) sqematizaciis xarisxisa da datexilxazovani ornamentiT unda daTariRdes ara ugvianes IV saukunis pirveli naxevrisa.

I.1.2.07 a (sur.32) amave variantis qvetips vakuTvnebT erT-erT samajurs winandlidan [Гогиберидзе 2003:31]. gamosaxulebas ormagi drunCi aqvs. Semsxvilebuli Tavi safexurad eSveba gafarToebuli da odnav dabrtyelebuli trapeciuli monakveTisaken, romelic Tanabar ReroSi gadadis. zedxedSi wagrZelebuli drunCi ikveTeba sami sigrZivi xaziT. drunCisagan RariT gamoyofil Tavze ganlagebulia gadamkveTi iribi xazebisagan Sedgenili ornamenti, gverdebze wreebSi moqceuli werTilovani TvalebiT. or danarCen samkuTxedSi moTavsebulia gravirebuli maxvili kuTxeebi. kefis ukan mdebare dabrtyelebul nawilze datanilia gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe misgan gamomavali iribi xazebiT, romlebic wiboze texil xazs qmnis. cxovelis sayeluri Sedgeba oTxi irgvlivi Rarisagan. maT mosdevs texilxazovani ornamenti, romelic samajuris Reros wiboebs Seesabameba. analogiuri samajurebi dadasturebulia kamaraxevis samarovnis ## 1, 2, 8, 24, 72, 126, 129, 147, 153, 156 samarxebSi [jRarkava 1982, sur. 964, 1001, 1024, 1362, 1455, 1482, 1483, 1982, 1504-1506]. am samarovnis #224 da #156 samarxebisaTvis Sesaferis TariRad maTSi aRmoCenili msxliseburi formis doqebis safuZvelze [jRarkava 1982, sur. 198, 199] unda miviCnioT q.w. IV s-is Sua xanebi. am variantis samajurebis Semcveli danarCeni kompleqsebi Tavsdeba q.w. IV s-is pirveli naxevris farglebSi. amdenad, I.1.2.07 a da b variantis gavrcelebis ZiriTad xanad q.w. IV s-is pirveli naxevari da amave saukunis Sua xanebia savaraudo.

I.1.2.07 b (sur.33). am variantis qvetipad gamoiyo brinjaos samajuri wyneTidan (1916 w.) [Гогиберидзе 2003:32]. am egzemplarze cxovelis CamoWrili, RariT gayofili drunCi ormagia. drunCis mimdebare are sigrZivaa dazolili. Subli SemaRlebulia. momrgvalebul Tavs mosdevs trapeciuli formis dabrtyelebuli monakveTi. kiserTan Rero wvrildeba da dafarulia irgvlivi Rarebis wyebiT, romelTac mosdevs texilxazovani ornamenti. Tavi Semkulia rTuli gravirebuli ornamentiT. urTierTgadamkveTi iribi xazebi aaxloebs gamosaxulebas 07 da 07 a gamosaxulebebTan. Tavis gaformeba Seesabameba 07 a variantisas. amasTan, gadamkveT xazebsa da Sida samkuTxedebs Soris are Sevsebulia mokle, ganivi StrixebiT, romelSic Cven gofrirebuli rqebis stilizacias vxedavT (ix.zemoxsenebuli egvipturi samajurebi). Oornamentaciis TvalsazrisiT uaxloes analogiebs kamaraxevis samajurebi warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, TariRic q.w. IV s dasawyisiT unda ganisazRvros.

07 b variantisaTvis mocemuli variantis

I.1.2.07 a da b variantebi (sur. 32, 33) sakmaod zustad TariRdeba. CvenTvis cnobili 17 variantidan 14 aRmoCnda kamaraxevis q.w. IV-III ss-iT daTariRebul samarovanze [jRarkava 1982:192]. am samarovnis #244 da #156 samarxebis TariRis Sesaxeb ukve gvqonda saubari. am qvetipebis Semcveli yvela danarCeni kompleqsi cota ufro adreulad gamoiyureba. ase magaliTad, #1 da #2 samarxebSi am samajurebTan erTad aRmoCnda prizmulTaviani sakinZebi romelTa TariRi Cvens mier ganisazRvra q.w. V s-is Sua xanebisa da IV s pirveli naxevris farglebSi [gogiberiZe 2008: 5, tab. I,1,2], Tumca, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ufro V s-es ar unda scildebodes.

I.1.2.07 c (sur. 34) variantis gamosaxuleba beSTaSenis samarovnis #58 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968:140] Seesabameba 07 b variants. aqac, cxovelis Tavi safexurad dabldeba trapeciuli dabrtyelebuli detalisaken, romelsac gverdiT waxnagze iribi naWdevebi aqvs. zedapirze moTavsebulia urTierTgadamkveTi iribi xazebi. dabrtyelebul nawilze datanilia iribi naWdevebi, romlebic gverdiT irib xazebSi gadadis. am variantis samajuris tipologiuri siaxloe

17

amave variantis danarCen qvesaxeobebTan imdenad TvalsaCinoa, rom maTi sinqronuloba eWvs ar iwvevs da misi TariRi unda ganisazRvros araugvianes q.w. IV s-is dasawyisisa.

I.1.2.08 (sur.35). am variantis gamosaxulebis profili Seesabameba am tipis gamosaxulebaTa tradiciul siluets [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 142, sur. 561]. cxovels ormagi drunCi aqvs. Tavi safexuriseburad dabldeba dabrtyelebuli mogrZo marTkuTxedisaken, romelic kiserTan irgvlivi RarebiTaa gamoyofili Tanabari Rerosagan. zedxedSi gamosaxuleba cotaTi gansxvavdeba wina variantebisagan. drunCi Sedgeba sferuli Semsxvilebisagan zed wertilovani RrmuliT. mas mosdevs Sesxvilebuli Tavi Rrma CaRaruli maxvili kuTxiT. mis ukan ganlagebulia dabrtyelebuli marTkuTxedi zed datanili ori paraleluri RariT da maTgan gamomavali iribi naWdevebiT. samajuri aRmoCnda beSTaSenis samarovnis #62 samarxSi I.1.2.06 variantTan erTad da am ukanasknelis msgavsad, siaxloes avlens q.w.Vs-is Sesabamis masalebTan. I.1.2.09 (sur 36). gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa brinjaos samajuri manglisis #10 akldamidan [Гогиберидзе 2003:33]. zed oTxi gamosaxulebaa datanili. misi mrgvalganivkveTiani Tanabari ERero marTkuTxedis saxiTaa dabrtyelebuli kisris areSi da Reros rkalze. oTxiveze gamosaxuleba msgavsia da warmoadgens cxovelis stilizebul gamosaxulebas. grZeli drunCi TandaTan maRldeba kefisaken, romelic safexuriT gadadis dabrtyelebul nawilSi da eSveba Tanabari dakeWnili Rerosaken. patara Tavze ganlagebulia maxvili kuTxe, romelic grZeldeba dabrtyelebul nawilze paraleluri xazebis saxiT, romlebidanac orive mxares iSleba mokle iribi naWdevebi. dekoris elementebi zustad emTxveva 08 variantis detalebs. safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSic saqme gvaqvs zurgze yurebgadawyobili cxovelis gamosaxulebasTan. aRsaniSnavia, rom samajuris zurgze moTavsebuli gamosaxulebebi Semxvedria, rac asociacias badebs e.w. drakonisTavebin samajurebTan. am ukanasknelTa dekoris elementebi zemoaRwerilis msgavsia da erTmaneTisagan mxolod Sesrulebis teqnikiT gansxvavdeba. manglisuri samajuris gamosaxulebebi sakmaod sqematuria. maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia Tavis ukan moTavsebuli mkveTrad dabrtyelebuli are. es detali aaxloebs maT I.1.2.07 variantis gamosaxulebebTan, romelTa qronologia Cvens mier ganisazRvra q.w.

IV s-is pirveli naxevriT. [Гогиберидзе 2003: 68]. Cven ukve aRvniSneT am gamosaxulebebis drakonisTavebian gamosaxulebebTan siuJeturi siaxloe, Tumca is garemoeba, rom samajuris rkalze ganlagebuli Tavebi erTmaneTisagan daSorebulia, gvafiqrebinebs, rom qronologiuri TvalsazrisiT isini win uswrebs drakonisTavebianebs da unda moTavsdes am ukanasknelebsa da I.1.2.07 variantis gamosaxulebebs Soris. Sesabamisad, maTi TariRi unda ganisazRvros IV s pirveli naxevriT, ufro ki am saukunis meore meoTxediT. I.1.2.10 (sur.37-41) am variants vakuTvnebT e.w. drakonisTavebian samajurebs. isini ოTxwaxnagaa. profilSi marTkuTxa drunCis bolo eSveba CaRunul rkalSi, Semdeg isev maRldeba da gadadis kvadratuli formis TavSi, romlis gverdiT waxnagebze moTavsebulia wriuli naWdevebiT gadmocemuli Tvalebi. zedxedSi gamosaxulebis am nawilSi Cveulebriv datanilia maxvili gravirebuli kuTxe. amgvarad, am gamosaxulebebze SeimCneva mxolod ori damaxasiaTebeli detali gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe da Tavisagan gamoyofili marTkuTxedi kisris areSi, romlebic sxva variantebSi zurgze gadawyobil yurebad miviCnieT, Tumca esac sakmarisia stilizebuli gamosaxulebis Sinaarsis amosacnobad. amave variantis nivTebs miekuTvneba brinjaos samajuri boloebze da zurgze cxovelis Tavebis wyvili gamosaxulebiT yazbegidan (sur. 37) [Куфтин 1949: 40, tab. А]. gamosaxulebebi Semxvedria, Rero oTxwaxnaga ganivkveTiani, grexili. Tavebi Semkulia wertilovani ornamentiT. analogiuri samajuri (sur. 38) dadasturebulia dablagomis samarovnis #26 samarxSi. yazbeguri egzemplarisagan gansxvavebiT, Rero oTxwaxnagaa da Sedgeba ritmulad gameorebuli monakveTebisagan, romlebic Semkulia wertilovani ornamentiT an ganivadaa daRaruli. rkalze moTavsebulia centridan odnav gadaxrili erTmaneTis pirispir ganlagebuli, cxovelebis Tavebi. profilSi gamosaxulebebi stereotipulia maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli wagrZelebuli bolosken Semsxvilebuli drunCiT, maRali, oTxwaxnaga TaviT, misi momdevno wagrZelebuli marTkuTxediT da wriuli CaRaruli TvalebiT. zedxedSi marTkuTxedze datanilia gravirebuli, gaxsnili, maxvili kuTxe (amasTan, zurgis gamosaxulebebze kuTxis wveroebi Sekrulia). am variantis meore egzemplarze amave adgilas datanilia mkveTri maxvili kuTxe [Гогиберидзе 2003: 34]. sami amgvari samajuri aRmoCnda dablagomis samarovnis #4 da #13 qvevrsamarxebSi [Tolordava 1976: 55, 57, sur. 85, 1,2]. aRwerilebs zustad Seesabameba brinjaos samajuri vanis #10 samarxidan

18

[lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972a: 212]. iseve, rogorc dablagomur calebze aqac zurgis gamosaxulebebi odnav gadaxrilia centridan (sur.39). zog SemTxvevaSi centraluri gamosaxulebi ar gvxvdeba. aseTi samajurebis dekori mxolod boloebzea ganlagebuli. yvela sxva monacemiT isini TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeba oTxgamosaxulebiani samajurebisagan (sur. 40). maT ricxvs miekuTvneba dablagomis #26 samarxis orgamosaxulebini samajuri, sadac igi oTxgamosaxulebianTan erTad aRmoCnda [Гогиберидзе 2003: 35].

I.1.2.10 a (sur.41) cota ufro gansxvavebulia wriuli formis samajuri erTmaneTze gadasuli cxovelisTavebiani boloebiT yazbegis samarovnidan [Гогиберидзе 2003: 35). cxovelis Tavebis gamosaxulebebi danarCenebis identuria. gasnsxvaveba mxolod grexil ReroSia. I.1.2.10 b (sur. 43). brinjaos samajuris boloebi oTxwaxnagaganivkveTiani ReroTi da swori zurgiT dafnaris samarovnis #19 qvevrsamarxidan Semkulia am variantisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli profilis TavebiT. bolosken zeaweuli drunCi CaRrmavebulia da gadadis kvadratul TavSi gverdebze wriulad CaRaruli TvalebiT. mas mosdevs wagrZelebuli marTkuTxedi zedapirze sami sigrZivi paraleluri xaziT. zurgi mTlianad dafarulia Rrma ganivi RarebiT. zurgze morigeobiTaa ganlagebuli Rrmad dakeWnili da klanWiseburi naWdevebiT Semkuli oTxwaxnaga monakveTebi. klanWiseburi ornamenti damaxasiaTebelia sxva jgufis samajurebisaTvisac, romlis Sesaxeb Cven qvemoT gveqneba saubari. zedxedSi samajuris silueti emTxveva I.1.2.10 variants. misgan gansxvavebiT, oTxwaxnagaganivkveTiani monakveTebi ganlagebulia rombiseburad, wiboTi zemoT. I.1.2.10 c (sur. 44). analogiuri, WrilSi rombuli formis Rero axasiaTebs brinjaos samajuris fragments dablagomis samarovnis #15 qvevrsamarxidan (1936 w.) cxovelis kiserze yurebgadawyobili aris aRmniSvnel wagrZelebul marTkuTxedze datanilia gravirebuli samkuTxedi. amgvarad, bolo or variantze Cven vxvdebiT am gamosaxulebis Semdgom stilizacias, samajuris rombulganivkveTiani Rero warmoadgens dakeWnili da sada monakveTebis monacvleobas. e.w. drakonisTavebiani samajurebis TariRi saimedodaa gansazRvruli q.w. IV s-is meore naxevriT [Tolordava 1976: 12].

I.1.2.11 am variants miekuTvneba brinjaos samajurebis seria, romelTa dekori, b.kuftinis azriT, warmoadgens drakonis Tavebis Semdgom stilizacias. maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia swori zurgi, Tanabari zomis mrgvalganivkveTiani Rero, romelzedac moTavsebulia simetriulad ganlagebuli prizmuli samwiladi Semsxvilebebi. am Semsxvilebebis yoveli nawili Seesabameba cxovelis gamosaxulebebis sam elements - drunCs, Tavs da yurebis ares. zogjer es Semsxvilebebi ganlagebulia samajuris boloebsa da rkalis Sua nawilSi, ufro xSirad ki Reroze xuT adgilas.

Cveni azriT, swored is calebi, romlebzedac sami Semsxvilebaa, warmoadgens cxovelebis oTxi gamosaxulebis uSualo azrobriv gagrZelebas. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba brinjaos samajurebi dablagomis samarovnis #25 (1936 w.) da #27 samarxebidan da aseve SemTxveviTi monapovari dafnaridan (1967w.) (sur. 45) [Гогиберидзе 2003: 36]. dablagomis # 25 qvevrsamarxis samajuris ornamenti I.1.2.10™b variantisas uaxlovdeba. orive egzemplaris waxnagebi Semkulia ganivi RarebiT. orive SemTxvevaSi waxnagebze datanilia gravirebuli zolebi. #27 samarxis samajurebis Semsxvilebebi #5 samarxis Semsxvilebebis waxnagebze datanilia klanWiseburi naWdevebi, xolo SemTxveviT monapovarze iseTive wriuli naWdevebia, rogorc drakonebian gamosaxulebebze cxovelis Tvalebi. xuTSemsxvilebiani samjurebi dekoris mxriv ar gansxvavdeba samSemsxvilebianisagan. dablagomis #27 qvevrsamarxis (1936 w.) samajurze (sur 46) datanilia ganivi naWdevebi. #14 samarxis sami amgvari samajuridan erT-erTze Tevzifxuri ornamentia datanili. #15 samarxis samajurebze gvxvdeba sigrZivi, ganivi da klanWiseburi naWdevebi. amave samarxSi aRmoCnda 10 b variantis samajuric [Гогиберидзе 2003: 37]. #25 qvevrsamarxis samajurebze sigrZivi zolebia. analogiuri ornamentia #27 qvevrsamarxis samajurebzec. dafnaris samarovnis #3, #5 da #26 samarxebis samajurebis Semsxvilebebze datanilia xazovani da erT SemTxvevaSi (samarxi #26) klanWiseburi ornamenti. amgvari samajurebi aRmoCenilia dafaris #28,31 da 33 samarxebSic bolo or SemTxvevaSi maT axlavs amgvaradve dekorirebuli sayure rgolebi. amave variantis samajurebi aRmoCnda fiWvnaris elinisturi xanis samarovnis #25 da 27 [kaxiZe, vaSakiZe 1977, tab. X, 6, 7: XII, 4] da guadixus ufrosi jgufis ## 8, 38 da 39 samarxebSi [Трапш 1970: 251, 261, 263].

I.1.2.11 (sur. 45,46) qronologiis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi misaRebia is, rom isini ar emTxveva I.1.2.10 variantis samajurebs, erTi SemTxvevis, I.1.2.10 b, qvetipis garda dablagomis samarovnis #15

19

a samarxis samajurisa, romelic Cvens mier gamoyofilia amave variantis calke qvetipad. Zalian iSviaTad Tanxvdeba isini burcobebian samajurebs. ganxiluli oci kompleqsidan da #39 da dafnaris samarovnis #3 samarxSi [Трапш 1970: 16; 263; 52,]. aqedan gamomdinare safiqrebelia, rom prizmulSemsxvilebebiani samajurebis gavrcelebis xana Tavsdeba qronologiur monakveTSi drakonisTavebiani samajurebisa da Reroze burcobebiT Semkuli samajurebis gavrcelebis periodebs Soris. da Tu drakonisTavebiani samajurebis gavrcelebis moklevadiani periodi ganisazRveba q.w. IV saukunis meore naxevriT [Tolordava 1980:13], vfiqrobT, rom I.1.2.11 varianti Cndeba q.w. IV s bolosaTvis da arsebobs III s-is Sua xanebSic. I.1.2.11 a (sur.47). prizmulSemsxvilebebiani samajurebis erT-erT saxesxvaobas warmoadgens, Cveni azriT, sworzurgiani, TanabarReroiani samajurebi, romelTa Sua nawilSi moTavsebulia sigrZiv daRaruli cilindruli Semsxvilebebi. am qvetipis samajurebi aRmoCnda dafnaris samarovnis #337 da #12 qvevrsamarxebSi da SemTxveviT monapovarSi, aseve, fiWvnaris elinisturi samarovnis #42 samarxSi [kaxiZe, vaSakiZe 1977: 30, tab. XVIII], guadixus umcrosi jgufis samarovnis #8 [Трапш 1970:.

25,12] da aseve vanis #10 samarxSi [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972a: 212].

Cvens mier ganxiluli xuTi kompleqsidan erT SemTxvevaSi es qvetipi dafiqsirda drakonisTavebian samajurebTan erTad (vanis samarxi #10) da erT SemTxvevaSi prizmulSemsxvilebian samajurebTan (guadixus #8 samarxi). Sesabamisi kompleqsebis analizi saSualebas iZleva am qvetipis samajurebis gavrcelebis xana ganisazRvros q.w. IV s meore naxevrisa da III s-is pirveli naxevris farglebSi. [Гогиберидзе 2003: 67].

I.1.2.12 (sur. 48, 49). am variantis samajurebs axasiaTebs mTeli rigi niSnebi, romlebic maT aaxloebs prizmuli da cilindruli SemsxvilebebiT Semkul samajurebTan. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba ovaluri formis ori TanabarReroiani samajuri yazbegis samarovnidan, romelTa Rero Semkulia Semsxvilebebis ritmuli monacvleobiT. pirvel samajurze (sur.48) dekoris calkeuli monakveTebi wrmoadgens oTwaxnagaganivkveTian, sigrZiv daRarul Semsxvilebebs, romelTac mosdevs oTxwaxnaga uornamento kbilanebiseburi monakveTebi. Semsxvilebebi da Sverilebi TiTqos CaWrilia masiuri Reros sisqeSi. Mmeore samajuri (sur. 49) ramdenadme gansxvavebulia. aq, samajuris boloebsa da centralur nawilSi mocemulia analogiuri kbilanebiani Semsxvilebebi, xolo danarCeni sivrce Sevsebulia reliefuri monakveTebiT viwro uornamento Sverilebis saxiT. amgvarad, ZiriTadi ornamenti ganlagebulia boloebsa da Sua nawilSi. garkveuli niSnebiT es dekori uaxlovdeba vanis #9 samarxis oqro samajurebis dekors (sur. 110) [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972a: 170]. amgvarad, gamoiyo samajurebis jgufi, romelic Tumca sxvadasxvagvaradaa dekorirebuli, magram erTiandeba ornamentis detalebis Reroze ganlagebis mixedviT. zogjer maT Soris gvxvdeba grZelyura cxovelis gamosaxulebebiani samajurebis dekoris calkeuli elementebic, Tumca garkveulad gadaxrili kanonikuri formebidan. tipologiur sqemebze muSaobis principebze saubrisas Cven aRvniSneT, rom Reroze dekoris ganlagebis principi am samajurebze emTxveva drakonisTavebiani, prizmul- Semsxvilebebiani da cilindrulSemsxvilebebiani samajurebis Semkobis princips, romelic sabolood Camoyalibda, rogorc Cans, ქ.w. IV s-is Sua xanebSi. [Гогиберидзе 2003: 50]. momdevno variantebis samajurebi, romelTa boloebze moTavsebuli cxovelebis gamosaxulebaTa Sinaarsis zustad gansazRvra ver xerxdeba, mainc inarCuneben wina variantebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel zogierT niSans.

I.1.2.13. (sur. 50) ovaluri formis oTxwaxnagaganivkveTiani Reros mqone samajuris boloebi s.sanTas #2 samarxidan Semkulia cxovelis Tavebis stilizebuli gamosaxulebebiT. PprofilSi silueti zogadad imeorebs am tipis 01 variantisas. momrgvalebuli Tavi RarebiT gamoyofilia drunCisa da odnav Semsxvilebuli mogrZo marTkuTxedisagan ori iribi naWdeviT. zedxedSi gamosaxuleba sakmaod Taviseburia. masiur drunCze datanilia ganivi naWdevi bolosken mimarTuli sigrZivi RariT. trapeciuli formis drunCi ufro ganieria, vidre Tavi. kefaze datanilia maxvili kuTxe, romlis gverdebi or paralelur xazSi gadadis. kiserze moTavsebulia ori sigrZivi xazi misgan gamomavali iribi naWdevebiT (rqosani cxovelis gamosaxuleba?). am variantis samajuri aRmoCnda I.1.1.06 variantis samajurTan erTad, rac saSualebas iZleva misi TariRi ganisazRvros q.w. V s Sua xanebiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 69].

I.1.2.14 (sur. 51) brinjaos ovaluri formis Rerodawaxnagebuli samajurebi beSTaSenis samarovnis #18 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968; tab. XII, 391] daboloebulia grZeldrunCiani cxovelis Tavebis gamosaxulebebiT, romelTa kefaze gravirebuli maxvili kuTxea datanili. Reroze

20

ganlagebulia paraleluri texili xazebis ramdenime rigi. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom texilxazovani ornamenti damaxasiaTebelia q.w. IV s-is samajurebisa da sakisre rkalebisaTvis, razedac Sesabamisi masalis ganxilvisas gveqneba saubari, magram mocemuli variantis ovaluri forma da Tanabari Rerosagan gamoyofili Tavi maT q.w. V s-is Sesabamis nivTebs uaxlovebs.

I.1.2.14 a (sur.52). am variantis qvetips warmoadgens brinjaos samajuri amave samarovnis # 27 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968; tab. XIII, 440]. profilSi gamosaxuleba I.1.2.14 variantis msgavsia, Tumca zedxedSi gansxvavdeba. farTo drunCi daRarulia. momrgvalebul Tavze moTavsebulia wertilovani Tvalebi da maxvili kuTxe. aqac, iseve, rogorc 14 variantze, kisris qvemoT moTavsebulia texilxazovani ornamentis ramdenime rigi. am nivTis qronologia I. 1.2. 14 variantisas unda emTxveodes.

I.1.2.15 (sur. 53) am variants vakuTvnebT brinjaos samajurs beSTaSenis samarovnis #23 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968:126; tab. XIII, 405]. ovaluri samajuris mrgalganivkveTiani rkali Semkulia ganivad daRaruli monakveTebiT. mkveTrad modelirebuli drunCi safexuriseburad eSveba kefisaken da gadadis Rerosagan RariT gamoyofil wagrZelebul marTkuTxedSi. zedxedSi drunCi gayofilia ganivi naWdeviT. Tavze datanilia ori samkuTxedi Sig moTavsebuli wertilovani TvalebiT. samarxSi masTan erTad aRmoCnda prizmulTaviani sakinZi, romlis gavrcelebis xana, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, V s bolos ar unda scildebodes.

I.1.2.16 (sur. 54) brinjaos ovalur samajurze beSTaSenis samarovnis #24 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968, tab. XIII, 419, 420) cxovelis ormagi drunCi gadadis momrgvalebul TavSi, romelic RariT gamoyofilia wagrZelebuli marTxkuTxedisagan. es ukanaskneli gravirebuli xazebiT gamoyofilia Rerosagan. zedxedSi drunCi Tanabari zomisaa, Tavi momrgvalebulia da masze mokle naWdevebis saSualebiT datanilia Tvalebi. kefaze ganivi Raria misgan gamomavali gravirebuli maxvili kuTxiT. es nivTebi tipologiur msgavsebas avlens q.w. V s-is masalebTan. I.1.2.17 (sur. 55). brinjaos ovaluri samajuris gamosaxulebis drunCi beSTaSenis #53 samaxidan ormagia [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 138, tab. XIII, 425]. reliefuri Subli gadadis swor, Tanabari zomis monakveTSi, romelic Rerosagan iribi naWdeviTaa gamoyofili. zedxedSi drunCi ovaluria, Sublze datanilia ganivi zoli mimdebare maxvili kuTxiT. Tavis Sua nawilSi wertilovani Rrmulia, romelic am gamosaxulebas I.1.2.06 variantTan aaxloebs (xbos gamosaxuleba) da aseve q.w.

V s-is farglebSi eqceva.

I.1.2.14-17 (sur. 51-54) am samajurebis TariRi zogadad q.w. V s-iT unda ganisazRvros, ufro am saukunis Sua xanebisa da V-IV ss-is mijnis farglebSi. I.1.2.18 (sur. 56). am variants miekuTvneba brinjaos mrgvalzurgiani, mrgval ganivkveTianReroiani samajuri beSTaSenis #8 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 121; tab. XI, 358]. cxovelis oTxwaxnagaganivkveTiani drunCi da Tavi profilSi Seesabameba am tipis gamosaxulebebs. drunCi RariTaa gamoyofili Tavisagan. Subli TandaTan maRldeba da gadadis Tanabari zomis TavSi, romelic safexuriseburad eSveba Rerosaken. zedxedSi drunCica da Tavic dafarulia ganivi naWdevebiT. kiserze Semouyveba irgvlivi Rari. am nivTis uaxloesi analogi dadasturebulia kamaraxevis samarovnis #2 samarxSi [jRarkava 1982,sur.940]. aq masTan erTad aRmoCnda I.1.2.07a samajuri, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, q.w. V s-ze axalgazrda ar unda iyos.

I.1.2.19 (57_60 a, b). calke varianti Seadgina brinjaos samajurebma winandlidan mkveTrad gamoxatuli saklasifikacio niSnebiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 41]. pirvel rigSi esaa ovaluri forma da brtyeli, Tanabari zomis oTxwaxnaga Rero. samajurebis boloebi Semkulia cxovelis Tavebis ukiduresad stilizebuli gamosaxulebebiT. profilSi, Tumca sustad, SeiniSneba gamosaxulebis zogierTi damaxasiaTebeli elementi. drunCi, Tavi da kisris are gamijnulia ganivi Rarebis saSualebiT. pirvel samajurze (sur. 57) cxovelis drunCi Sua nawilamde dafarulia paraleluri zolebiT. Tavi oTxkuTxaa, zedapirze ori urთierTgadamkveთi xaziT. Raridan kiserze gadmodis Tevzifxuri ornamenti. mis uaxloes analogs warmoadgens amave koleqciis meore samajuri (sur.

58). mesame egzemplarze (sur. 59) cxovelis Tavi odnav Semsxvilebulia da Semkulia oTxi wertilovani RrmuliT da Tevzifxuri ornamentiT. meoTxe samajuris zedapirze da gverdiT waxnagebze datanilia sami wyvili wertilovani Rrmuli da Tevzifxuri ornamenti (sur.60). am koleqciis danarCeni calebis dekori warmoadgens amave elementebis sxvadasxva variaciebs (sur.60 a, b). samajurebis es jgufi aSkarad erTi saxelosnos nawarms warmoadgens.

21

tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT da sqematizaciis xarisxiT es samajurebi siaxloes avlens I.1.2.20 variantis samajurebTan, rac, SesaZloa, maT qronologiur siaxloezec miuTiTebdes. (ix. qvemoT). [Гогиберидзе 2003: 70].

I.1.2.20 (sur. 61) zurgze yurebgadawyobili cxovelis stilizaciis kidev erT magaliTs warmoadgens zurgSedrekili samajuris boloebze moTavsebuli cxovelis Tavebi dablagomis samarovnis #4 qvevrsamarxidan. samajurebi firfitovania. sibrtyobrivi gamosaxuleba Sedgeba damaxasiaTebeli sigrZiv daRaruli ormagi drunCis, gravirebuli maxvili kuTxisa da misgan gamomavali ori paraleluri, gverdebze ganivi naWdevebiT Semkuli xazisagan. am variantis eSeris kremaciuli samarxis samajurebTan [Tolordava 1980: 13] tipologiuri saiaxlovis safuZvelze maTi gavrcelebis xana q.w. III-II ss-iT unda Semoifarglos [Гогиберидзе 2003: 70].

I.1.3.00. calke tipad gamovyaviT cxovelis Tavebis gamosaxulebebi, romelTa mTavari damaxasiaTebeli niSania sigrZivi Rari kefaze da kiserze. Cveulibriv am elementTan dakavSirebulia mis orive mxares ganlagebuli iribi naWdevebi, rac saerTo jamSi Suaze gayofili fafris STabeWdilebas tovebs. am niSnebiT amgvari gamosaxulebebi Cvens mier miCneulia fafriani cxovelis gamosaxulebebad (cxeni, drakoni, grifoni).

I.1.3.01 (sur. 62) brinjaos ovaluri samajuri beSTaSenis samarovnis #13 samarxidan profilSi siluetiT uaxlovdeba I.1.2.00 tipis gamosaxulebebs. sammagi drunCi gadadis Semsxvilebul, momrgvalebul TavSi, romelic emijneba Rerosagan safexurad gamoyofil marTkuTxa monakveTs. gverdiT waxnagze miuyveba grZeli sigrZivi Rari. zedxedSi gamosaxuleba trapeciuli formisaa.

Tavze oTxi reliefuri Sverili aqvs. kefidan kisrisaken miemarTeba sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali iribi naWdevebiT, romlebic gadadis gverdiT waxnagebze texili xazis saxiT. I.1.2.00 tipis gamosaxulebebisagan gansxvavebiT am gamosaxulebebze TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba gravirebuli maxvili kuTxe. mis nacvlad aq warmodgenilia Rrma sigrZivi Rari, romelic fafriani cxovelis gamosaxulebis stilizaciis mTavari ganmasxvavebeli niSania. Tumca aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac yurebis aRmniSvneli samkuTxedebi da fafris aRmniSvneli sigrZivi Rari erTad gvxvdeba. samajuri aRmoCenilia I.1.1.06 variantis samajurTan erTad, rac saSualebas iZleva misi TariRi ganisazRvros q.w. V s Sua xanebiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 70].

I.1.3.02 (sur.63) brinjaos ovalur oTxwaxnagaganivkveTian samajurze beSთaSenis samarovnis #52 samarxidan SeiniSneba I.1.2.00 tipisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zogierTi niSani. mocemuli gamosaxulebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mkveTrad gamoxatuli drunCi da wagrZelebuli marTkuTxedi, romelic safexuriTaa gamoyofili Rerosagan. Sublze maxvili kuTxe aqvs. marTkuTxedis zedapirze ganlagebulia sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali iribi naWdevebiT. safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi gamosaxulia cxovelis fafaric da yurebic. es is iSviaTi SemTxvevaa, rodesac gamosaxulebaze datanilia yurebis aRmniSvneli samkuTxedi. es SeiZleba imiT aixsnebodes, rom gamosaxulebis stilizaciis procesSi zogjer xdeboda meorexarisxovani elementebis aRreva, xolo mTavari Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi modioda am gamosaxulebisaTvis mTavar maxasiaTebelze. am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTad ganmsazRvrel simbolos warmoadgenda sigrZivi zoli gamosaxulebis kefasa da kiserze. am samajuris TariRis zusti gansazRvrisaTvis ara gvaqvs sxva dasayrdeni garda saerTo formisa da samarovnis zogadi TariRisa, amitom misi TariRi zogadad unda ganisazRvros q.w. V s-iT. [Гогиберидзе 2003: 70].

I.1.3.03 (sur.

64) eSeris kremaciul samarxSi aRmoCenili brinjaos zurgSedrekili mrgvalganivkveTiani samajuris gamosaxulebebs [Куфтин 1949: 45, sur. 13) profilSi iribad CamoWrili drunCi aqvs, romelic ori safexuriT maRldeba Sublisaken. bolo monakveTi odnav brtyeldeba da gadadis Tanabari zomis ReroSi, romelic mTlianad dafarulia irgvlivi RarebiT. zedxedSi gamosaxuleba rTulia. drunCi bolo nawilisaken TandaTan msxvildeba. gamosaxulebis centralur nawilSi ganlagebulia ori gravirebuli samkuTxedi. Semdeg Tavi TandaTan viwrovdeba da mTavrdeba sami reliefuri irgvlivi saltiT kisris areSi. meore samkuTxedidan salteebisaken miemarTeba Rrma sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali mokle iribi naWdevebiT. rogorc aRiniSna, eSeris kremaciuli samarxis TariRi sadReisod gansazRvrulia q.w. III-II ss-iT [Куфтин 1949: 45]. amdenad am kompleqsis samajurebi amave qronologiur CarCoebSi unda Tavsdebodes, Tumca gamosaxulebis stilizaciis xarisxiT isini ufro III s-is bolosa da II s-is masalebs uaxlovdeba, rac am samajurebis TariRis dazustebis saSualebas iZleva. [Гогиберидзе 2003: 70].

I.1.3.04 (sur. 65). dablagomis #21 qvevrsamarxis (1962 w.) samajuris gamosaxulebebi garkveul msgavsebas avlens wina variantTan. misTvis aseve damaxasiaTebelia wyviladi samkuTxedebi Rrma

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sigrZivi RariT. profilSi yvelaze ganier nawils warmoadgens iribad waWrili drunCi, romelic safexurebad eSveba brtyeli, Tanabari Rerosaken. mTeli Reros gayolebaze miuyveba ori iribi Rari mokle ganivi naWdevebiT. ori, erTmaneTis momijnave samkuTxedi, romelTagan meores ukavSirdeba fafris aRmniSvneli Rari, gvafiqrebinebs, rom or ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs wyvilad gamosaxulebebTan, romlebzedac, karlsrues muzeumis egzemplaris msgavsad, lomi STanTqavs balaxismWamel cxovels. I.1.3.05 (sur. 66). meore, brtyelReroian samajurze eSeris qvevrsamarxidan, romelic formiT wina variants uaxlovdeba [Куфтин 1949: 45]. drunCi profilSi wvrildeba da TandaTan dabldeba Rerosaken. gansxvaveba SeiniSneba drunCis gaformebaSi. igi odnav CaRrmavebulia da mosdevs salte ori reliefuri SveriliT, romelTa Soris moTavsebulia samkuTxedi misgan gamomavali sigrZivi RariTa da Tanmxlebi iribi naWdevebiT. samajuris Rero Semkulia or paralelur xazs Soris moqceuli texilxazovani ornamentiT. I.1.3.06 (sur. 67). eSeris qvevrsamarxis zurgSedrekil samajurze [Куфтин 1949: 36] cxovelis drunCi profilSi gawvrilebulia da Tavidan TandaTan gadadis Reroze. zedxedSi igi warmoadgens wagrZelebul ovals, mkveTrad gamoyofils ovaluri formis Tavisagan, romelic Rerosagan sami reliefuri saltiTaa gamoyofili. Tavze dauyveba Rrma sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali mokle iribi naWdevebiT. I.1.3.07 (sur. 68). am variants mivakuTvneT brinjaos zurgSedrekili samajuri amave samarxidan [Куфтин 1949: 36]. cxovelis drunCi gadmocemulia ori wriuli irgvlivi saltis saSualebiT. gamosaxuleba TandaTan msxvildeba Sublisaken da gadadis sferuli formis TavSi, romelsac mosdevs reliefuri irgvlivi salte. mas mosdevs ovaluri Semsxvileba, romelic TandaTan wvrildeba da Tanabar ReroSi gadadis. mis zedapirze ganlagebulia sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali iribi naWdevebiT. qronologiisaTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom 04 variantis samajuri momdinareobs eSeris kremaciuli samarxidan da, Sesabamisad, III-II saukuneebis farglebSi unda daTariRdes. igive periods unda miekuTvnos 06 da 07 variantis samajurebi amave samarxidan [Гогиберидзе 2003: 70].

I.1.3.08 (sur. 69) cxovelis Tavi neron-deresis samarovnis #3 samarxis brinjaos samajurze [Гагошидзе 1975: 95,2] profilSi Reros zomisaa. Tavi, fafari da sayeluri gadmocemulia Rrma naWdevebis saSualebiT. zedxedSi gamosaxuleba TandaTan wvrildeba Rerosaken da Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. pirveli nawili moklea da ganieri da safexuriT dabldeba meore, grZeli da viwro nawilisaken. pirveli nawilidan gamodis ori iribi xazi, romlebic maxvil kuTxes qmnis. kuTxes Suaze yofs grZeli sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali mokle iribi naWdevebiT. neron-deresis samarovani daTariRebulia q.w. I s-is farglebSi [Гагошидзе 1975: 103]. Sesabamisad, amave xaniT unda daTariRdes am variantis samajurebic [Гогиберидзе 2003: 70].

I.1.3.09 (sur. 70) calke variantad gamoiyo vanis #4 samarxis oqros samajurebi, romlebic erT kompleqts Seadgens analogiurad dekorirebul oqros gvergvTan amave samarxidan. cxovelis Tavi TandaTan wvrildeba Rerosaken. gamosaxuleba gadmocemulia reliefuri talRovani Rarebis saSualebiT, romelTac kefis da kisris areSi Suaze hyofs grZeli sigrZivi Rari. Subls qvemoT SeiniSneba RrmulebiT aRniSnuli Tvalebi. samajuris Sesabamisi kompleqsi daTariRebulia q.w. IV s-is boloTi [Wyonia 1977: 90], xolo samajurebTan dakavSirebiT aRiSnulia maTi siaxloe IV-III ss-is Sesabamis masalebTan [Wyonia 1977: 81]. Cveni azriT, am kompleqsSi Semavali zogierTi nivTi maTi qronologiis dazustebis saSualebas iZleva. pirvel rigSi esaa minis oqrofenili mZivebi, romelTa gavrcelebis ZiriTad xanad elinisturi periodia miCneuli [Алексеева 1978: 29]. kompleqsSi Semavali vercxlis kiliki daTarebulia III saukunis pirveli naxevriT [maTiaSvili 1977: 109]. amgvarad, arsebobs safuZveli kompleqsisa da am variantis samajurebis q.w. III s-iT daTariRebisa [Гогиберидзе 2003:71].

I.1.3.10 (sur. 71) brinjaos zurgSedrekili samajuri neron-deresis #3 samarxidan formiT emsgavseba I.1.3.09 variants. samajuris cali, gabrtyelebuli bolo TandaTan wvrildeba Rerosaken. gverdidan datanili aqvs iribi naWdevebi, ori naWdeviT aRniSnulia cxovelis nestoebi. cota moSorebiT, kisris areSi iwyeba sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali iribi naWdevebiT. meore bolo Reros zomisaa da imave dekoriTaa Semkuli. amave samarxSi aRmoCnda meore amgvarive samajuri (sur.72), romlis orive bolo Reros sisqis Sesabamisia. am samajurebis msgavseba I.1.3.09 variantis samajurTan aSkaraa, Tumca savaraudod, ufro realisturi gamosaxulebebi qronologiuri TvalsazrisiT win unda uswrebdes gansaxilveli egzemplarebis FTariRs. TariRi gansazRvrulia q.w. IIIs. [Гагошидзе 1975: 98] vfiqrobT, rom maTi wina

23

variantTan tipologiuri siaxlovis safuZvelze mizanSewonilia maTi arsebobis xana q.w. II s-is bolozec vrceldebodes.

I.1.3.11 (sur.73). brinjaos zurgSedrekil samajurs samTavros samarovnis #59 qvevrsamarxidan dabrtyelebuli boloebi aqvs. cxovelis samwiladi drunCi TandaTan farTovdeba da gadadis ufro viwro, swor monakveTSi, romelic safexuriTaa gamoyofili momdevno trapeciuli monakveTisagan. gamosaxuleba dafarulia klanWiseburi da iribi naWdevebiT da gayofilia sigrZivi RariT. kiserze irgvlivi zolebi dauyveba. amave samarxSi aRmoCenilia meore amgvarive egzemplari (sur. 74), romelic pirvelisagan mxolod naWdevebis ganlagebiT gansxvavdeba [Гогиберидзе 2003: 45]. am variantis samajurebis TariRi saimedodaa gansazRvruli q.w. I s-iT [Tolordava 1980:52].

I.1.3.12 (sur. 75) brinjaos zurgSedrekil samajuris gamosaxulebebs samTavros samarovnis #110 qvevrsamarxidan dabrtyelebuli ovaluri Tavebi axasiaTebs. drunCidan kisrisken miemarTeba sigrZivi Rari reliefuri da gravirebuli ganivi da iribi naWdevebiT. kiserze ganlagebulia irgvlivi zolebi. samarxi masSi aRmoCenili fraat II monetis safuZvelze q.w. I saukuniTaa daTariRebuli. drois es monakveTi misaRebia mocemuli variantis TariRisaTvisac [Гогиберидзе 2003: 71].

I.1.3.13 (sur. 76) cxovelis gamosaxulebas samTavros samarovnis #82 qvevrsamarxis samajurze mkafiod gamokveTili drunCi aqvs, romelic TandaTan gadadis momrgvalebul TavSi. kiserze irgvlivi zolebi dauyveba. am variantis samajuri Sedis v.Tolordavas klasifikaciis pirvel jgufSi da daTariRebulia q.w. II s-iT [Tolordava 1980: 52].

I.1.3.14 (sur. 76 a). TiTqmis aseTive silueti axasiaTebs zurgSedrekil samajurebs wiTeli Suquras umcrosi jgufis #39 samarxidan [Трапш 1970; tab. XL]. cxovelis drunCi odnav zeaweulia. zedxedSi Sua nawili gafarToebulia. drunCidan sayelurisaken miemarTeba sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali iribi naWdevebiT. samarxSi samajurebTan erTad dadasturebulia Tixis balzamariumi, romlis uaxloesi analogi vanidan daTariRebulia q.w. II saukuniT [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972: 78, sur.

380].

I.1.3.15 (sur. 77) variantis gamosaxulebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Semsxvilebuli Tavi da gawvrilebuli drunCi. zedxedSi Semsxvilebuli Sua nawili TandaTan wvrildeba Rerosaken. centralur nawils Suaze yofs sigrZivi Rari. gamosaxuleba samwiladia. pirvel monakveTze ganlagebulia sami talRiseburi Sverili, ori momdevno trapeciuli nawili gamoyofilia erTmaneTisagan da Semkulia Tevzifxuri ornamentiT. samajuri aRmoCnda Ffarcxanayanevis #3 qvevrsamarxSi, romlis TariRi gansazRvrulia q.w. II-I saukuneebiT [Tolordava 1980: 31]. drois amave monakveTSi eqceva mocemuli variantis TariRic. I.1.3.16 (sur. 78). am variantis samajurebis gamosaxulebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Sedgenili, safexuriseburi Tavi da kisrisaken Seviwroebuli trapeciuli monakveTi. DdrunCi ganieria, CamoWrili. Sua nawili momrgvalebulia, momdevno nawili ki trapeciuli. ori bolo monakveTi gadakveTilia sigrZivi RariT. erT SemTxvevaSi zedapiri dafarulia Tevzifxuri ornamentiT, meoreSi ki dekori Sedgenilia samkuTxedebiT da gadamkveTi xazebiT. samajuri I.1.3.15 variantTan erTad aRmoCnda da misi gavrcelebis xana amave qronologiur monakveTSi eqceva (q.w. II-I s.).

I.1.3.16 a (sur 79). brinjaos zurgSedrekili samajuris Tavebi samTavros samarovnis #29 samarxidan Semkulia klanWiseburi naWdevebiT. samajuri v. Tolordavas mier saimedodaa daTariRebuli q.w. II s-iT [Tolordava 1980: 52].

I.1.3.16 b (sur. 80). brinjaos samajuri samTavros samarovnis #227 qvevrsamarxidan gaformebulia jvaredini naWdevebiT. amgvarebi dadasturebulia amave samarovnis ##20, 50 da 106 qvevrsamarxebSi da yazbegis samarovanze. am variantis samajurebTan erTad aRmoCenilia III.2.1.00OO tipis samajuri (sur. 136), romlis uaxloesi analogi dadasturebulia Ffarcxanayanevis q.w. I s-iT daTariRebul qvevrsamarxSi [Tolordava 1980: 32]. Uunda aRiniSnos, rom samTavros #227 samarxis inventari cota ufro axalgazrdad gamoiyureba. inventaris SemadgenlobaSi Sedis yelwiboiani keramikuli WurWeli, brinjaos konusuri formis zarakebi, gviani variantebis oqrofenili da vercxlfenili mZivebi da sxv. Cveni azriT, es kompleqsi, iseve rogorc masSi aRmoCenili samajurebi, q.w I saukune meore naxevars, an, SesaZloa, q.S. I saukunesac ki miekuTvnos [Гогиберидзе 2003: 72].

I.1.3.17 (81-83). am variantis gamosaxulebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia masiuri drunCi, romelic TandaTan viwrovdeba da gadadis Tanabar ReroSi. amgvarad dekorirebuli samajurebi aRmoCnda samTavros samarovnis ##50,209 da 227 qvevrsamarxebSi. yvela SemTxvevaSi aq gvxvdeba sigrZivi Rari misgan gamomavali iribi naWdevebiT. odnav gansxvavebulia gaformeba #227 samarxis samajurze.

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aRniSnuli elementis garda aq gamoyenebulia reliefur sartylebSi moqceuli mrgvali da ovaluri burcobebi. am variantis erT-erTi samajuri aRmoCnda samTavros samarovnis #227 qvevrsamarxSi, romlis TariRi Cvens mier ganisazRvra araugvianes q.w. I s-is meore naxevrisa. meore SemTxvevaSi igi Tanxvdeba I.1.3.16 variants (q.w. II-I ss). mesame SemTxvevaSi masTan erTad aRmoCnda samtuCa doqi grexili yuriT, romlis analogebi welTaRricxvebis mijniTaa daTariRebli [Tolordava 1963: 142]. amgvarad am variantis TariRi SeiZleba ganisazRvros q.w. I s-iT, SesaZloa, misi meore naxevriT. qvejgfi 2.

I.2.0.00. am qvejgufSi moTavsda samajurebi gaurkveveli cxovelis gamosaxulebebiT. Cvens mier gamoyofili tipebi am SemTxvevaSi sakmaod pirobiTia. SevecadeT gamogveyo niSnebi, romlebic mogvcemda am mravalricxovani masalis sistematizaciis saSualebas.

I.2.1.00. calke tipSi gaerTianda gamosaxulebebi mkafiod gamokveTili drunCiT da Semsxvilebuli TaviT, romelic safexurad dabldeba odnav dabrtyelebuli kisrisken. aq ar aris gravirebuli samkuTxedi an fafris gamyofi sigrZivi Rari, rom cxovelis saxeoba ufro zustad dadgindes.

I.2.1.01 (sur. 84) brinjaos ovaluri oTxwaxnaga ganivkveTis Reroiani samajuri beSTaSenis samarovnis #52 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 137 tab. XV, 518] xasiaTdeba ovaluri formis odnav amoburculi gamosaxulebiT. Rero yelis areSi dabrtyelebulia. zedxedSi viwro drunCi gamoyofilia masiuri Sublisagan ori ganivi RariT. ori RrmuliT aRniSnulia cxovelis Tvlebi.

Tavi gamoyofilia momrgvalebuli safexuriT. kiserze irgvlivi zolebi aqvs. kisris areSi mcire Rrmuli aqvs datanili.

I.2.1.02 (sur. 85) beSTaSenis samarovnis #28 samarxis brinjaos msxliseburi formis samajuris gamosaxuleba profilSi ganivi RariT ikveTeba. amoburcul Sublze moTavsebulia RrmulebiT gadmocemuli Tvalebi. Tavi safexuriTaa gamoyofili. zedxedSi drunCi mooTxkuTxoa.

I.2.1.03 (sur. 86) am variants miekuTvneba brinjaos ovaluri mrgvalganivkveTiani samajuri beSTaSenis #56 samarxidan [menabde davlianiZe 1968:139]. drunCi viwroa, Subli momrgvalebuli. zedxedSi ovaluri formis gamosaxuleba dayofilia RarebiT. I.2.1.04 (sur. 87) beSTaSenis samarovnis #59 samarxis samajurze gamosaxuleba cal bolozea moTavsebuli. drunCi RariTaa gamoyofili, Subli momrgvalebuli. Tavi safexurad dabldeba kisrisaken. zedxedSi drunCi trapeciulia, RariT gayofili da mkveTrad gamoyofili kisris arisagan. [menabde davlianiZe 1968:140] I.2.1.05 (sur. 88) brinjaos msxliseburi formis samajuri imave samarxidan profilSi analogiuria. zedxedSi gamosaxuleba mogrZo ovals qmnis. [menabde davlianiZe 1968:140]. radganac am tipis samajurebis daTariRebisaTvis (sur. 84-88) saimedo sayrdeni wertilebi ver moiZebna, Cven maT zogadad V saukunes vakuTvnebT. I.2.2.01 (sur.89) gamosaxulebas brinjaos samajurze beSTaSenis samarovnis #28 samaxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968:129] ovaluri formis Tavi aqvs. profilSi samwiladi drunCi odnav Semsxvilebulia. zedxedSi ganieri drunCi ganivi RarebiT sam nawiladaa gayofili. marTkuTxedis zedapirze datanilia ori sigrZivi paraleluri Rari. Tavi warmoadgens kuTxeeb- momrgvalebul wagrZelebul marTkuTxeds. kisris areSi moTavsebulia irgvlivi RarebiT Sedgenili sayeluri. samajuri aRmoCnda I.1.1.06 variantTan erTad, amdenad, misi TariRi q.w. V s-is Sua xanebiT unda ganisazRvros [Гогиберидзе 2003: 72].

I.2.2.02 (sur. 90) cxovelis wagrZelebuli drunCi kikeTis samarovnis #2 samarxis brinjaos samajurze profilSi TandaTan gadadis masiur TavSi da eSveba Tanabari Rerosaken. Semsxvilebul nawilze, gverdidan datanilia sigrZivi Rari. zedxedSi drunCi Sedgeba ganivi RarebiT gamijnuli ori nawilisagan. mogrZo ovalis formis Tavi gamoyofilia RariT. Rero mTlianad dafarulia irgvlivi RarebiT. I.2.2.02-03 (sur. 90-93). am variantis samajurebis gamosaxulebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ovaluri forma da RariT gamoyofili drunCi. profilSi wawvetebuli drunCi TandaTan gadadis ovalur TavSi, romelsac ori paraleluri sigrZivi naWdevi aqvs. kisris areSi Rero odnav gawvrilebulia. am variantis samajurebi aRmoCenilia beSTaSenis samarovnis #39,#59 da #52 [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 132, 140, 137] samarxebSi. brinjaos samajuri #59 samarxidan deformirebulia. #52 samarxis samajurze gamosaxuleba mxolod erT bolozea SerCenili. drunCi masze ar aris gayofili RariT, Tumca es detali SenarCunebulia meore, mocveTil gamosaxulebaze.

25

TariRisaTvis niSandoblivia #39 samarxSi rgolze Sekiduli wyvili prizmulTaviani sakinZis aRmoCenis faqti [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 132,475], romelTa TariRi Cvens mier gansazRvrulia q.w. V s-is Sua xanebisa da IV s-is pirveli naxevris farglebSi [gogiberiZe 2006], Tumca amJamad vfiqrobT, rom maTi gavrcelebis zeda qronoligiuri zRvari V s-is farglebs ar unda scildebodes. aseTive sakinZi aRmoCnda #52 samarxSic [menabde, davlianiZe 1968:137], ris safuZvelzec SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom beSTaSenis samarovnis #39 da #52 samarxebi da aq aRmoCenili variantebis samajurebi I.1.1.06 variantis samajurebze ufro mogvianoa da V s-is meore naxevars miekuTvneba.

I.2.3.00. am tipSi gamoiyo samajurebi, romelTa boloebi formiTa da ornamentaciiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.

I.2.3.01 (sur. 94). am variantebs miekuTvneba brinjaos msxliseburi formis samajuri beSTaSenis samarovnis #54 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 138], romlis boloebi dekoris mxriv gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. erT boloze gamosaxuleba zedxedSi ovaluria, wagrZelebuli drunCi gadadis ovaluri formis TavSi, meore bolo dabrtyelebulia da marTkuTxeds qmnis. CamoWrili bolodan gamodis sigrZivi isriseburi naWdevi. am variantis samjuri aRmoCenilia I.1.1.06^ variantis samajurTan erTad amitom misi TariRi unda ganisazRvros q.w. V s-is Sua xanebiT. I.2.3.02 (sur. 95). am variants Cven vakuTvnebT beSTaSenis #9 samarxis brinjaos samajurs [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 121, 363]. aqac, samajuris boloebi sxvadasxvagvaradaa gaformebuli, erTi cxovels gamosaxavs, romelsac wagrZelebuli drunCi da ovaluri formis Tavi aqvs, meore bolo ki dabrtyelebulia oTxkuTxdis saxiT da zed isriseburi naWdevi aqvs.

I.2.3.02-03 (sur. 90-93) msgavsi saerTo niSnebis mixedviT es variantebi unda daTariRdes V s-is farglebSi. I.2.4.00 (sur. 96) calke tipi Seadgina brinjaos samajurma foTliseburi TavebiT beSTaSenis samarovnis #15 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 123, 380]. profilSi Tavi ovaluria, zedxedSi CaRrmavebuli klanWiseburi naWdeviT. Tavs ukan Rero odnav gawvrilebulia. samajuri msgavsebas avlens q.w. V s-is Sesabamis nivTebTan. I.2.5.00 (sur. 97) beSTaSenis #2 samarxis brinjaos samajuris boloebi deformirebulia. [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 119, 343]. gamosaxuleba waSlilia. profilSi kisris are odnav Seviwroebulia. Tavi ovaluria. drunCi gawvrilebuli. zedxedSi drunCi gadadis cilindrul TavSi. Rero mTlianad dafarulia dazolili da sada monakveTebiT. am tipis samajuris Tanmxleb inventarSi Sedis I.1.2.06a qvetipis samajuri, romlis TariRi Cvens mier ganisazRvra q.w. IV saukunis dasawyisiT. amgvarad I.2.5.00 tipis samajuris TariRi amave xaniT unda ganisazRvros.

I.2.6.00 (sur. 98). am tips miekuTvneba brinjaos ovaluri samajuri dafnaris #6 qvevrsamarxidan. profilSi ovaluri formis Tavi RariT gamoyofilia masiuri drunCisagan. zedxedSi drunCi TandaTan wvrildeba Rarisaken da gadadis ovalur TavSi, romelic gverdiTi naWdevebiT gamoyofilia dabrtyelebuli marTkuTxedisagan, romelic Tavis mxriv TandaTan gadadis Tanabari zomis ReroSi. Rero dakeWnilia. samajurebis es tipi tipologiurad uaxlovdeba drakonisTavebiani samajurebis yazbegur variants (I.1.2.10a). mocemuli egzemplaris Tanmxlebi kompleqsi dafnaris #6 qvevrsamarxidan daTariRebulia q.w. IV s-is boloTi [Кигурадзе 1967: 19], Sesabamisad, am tipis gavrcelebis xana amave qronologiur CarCoebSi Tavsdeba.

I.2.7.00 (sur. 99). calke tipad gamoiyo brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #22 samarxidan. [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 125, 397]. profilSi yelis are Seviwroebulia. wvetiani drunCi gamoyofilia RariT. Tavze ori Semxvedri iribi naWdevi aqvs. gverdiT waxnagze datanilia wriuli ornamenti. samajurebis es tipi TariRdeba q.w. V s-iT Semdgomi dazustebis gareSe. I.2.8.01 (sur. 100). am variantis samajurebze ornamenti Sedgenilia gverdiTi wriuli naWdevebisagan. amgvari samajurebi aRmoCenilia neron-deresis samarovanze [Гагошидзе 1975: 33,1] cxovelis drunCi CamoWrilia. Tvalebi aRniSnulia wertilovani RrmulebiT. Sesrulebis maneriT am samajuris gamosaxulebebi garkveul siaxloes avlens yazbegis samarovnis samajurebis gamosaxulebebTan, Tumca ufro gamartivebulia da sqematuri. amitom SesaZleblad migvaCnia maTi q.w. II s-iT daTariReba.

I.2.8.02 (sur. 101-103) am variantis samajurebi dadastureblia yazbegis samarovnis masalebSi [wiTlanaZe 2004, tab. XIX]. maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia oTxwaxnaga, Tavebisaken TandaTan gafarToebuli Rero. gamosaxuleba miRebulia gveridan datanili momrgvalebuli naWdevebiT, romlebic kargad ikiTxeba zedxedSic. Tvalebi gadmocemulia wreSi moqceuli wertilis

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saSualebiT. erT SemTxvevaSi samajuris mTel zedapirs dauyveba sami Rrma sigrZivi Rari. am tipis samajurebis qronologiiis gansazRvrisaTvis myari sayrdenebi ara gvaqvs, Tumca tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT isini TiTqos win uswrebs I.2.0.01 variants da amdenad maTi daTariReba SeiZleba II sis pirveli naxevriT an amave saukunis Sua xanebiT. I.2.9.00 (sur. 104). am variants miekuTvneba brinjaos zurgSedrekili samajuri TeTriwyaroSi Sulcis mier gaTxrili qvis samarxidan [Гогиберидзе 2003: 51]. Tanabari waxnagovani Rero safexurebad msxvildeba waxnagovani Tavisaken. masiuri drunCi gamoyofilia RariT. zedxedSi Tavi warmoadgens oTxwaxnaga samsafexurian wakveTil piramidas. pirveli, yvelaze ganieri safexuri Rrma RariT gamoyofilia momdevnio, TandaTan Seviwroebuli mogrZo nawilisagan, romelic gverdiTi naWdeviT gamoyofilia bolo, grZeli da viwro nawilisgan. gamosaxulebis zedapiri mTlianad dafarulia Tevzifxuri ornamentiT. am samajuris Tanmxlebi kompleqsi areulia, magram igi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia welTaRricxvebis mijnisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli masalebiT (oqrofenili minis mZivebi, feradi minis samkuTxa formis sakidebi, brinjaos zaraki badiseburi gravirebiT da sxv.). jgufi II. jgufSi erTiandeba sxvadasxva burcobebiT Sedgenili ornamentiT Semkuli samkauli, romelTa Soris gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa pirvel qvejgufSi gaerTianebuli nivTebi, romelTa saklasifikacio niSnad Rerosagan sagangebod gamoyofili, daRaruli burcobebiT (e.w. perlenschnur) Sevsebuli Semsxvilebebi miviCnieT. es ornamenti sxvadasxva saxis samkaulze gvxvdeba _ diademebze, sakisre rkalebze, fibulebze, samajurebze, sakinZebsa da ilarebze (Cveni klasifikaciis II.1.00) [gogiberiZe 1989, Гогиберидзе 2003, sur. 159-176; 175-184]. es ornamenti sakmaod kanonikuria da Sedgeba ramdenime damaxasiaTebeli elementisagan (waxnagovani Rero, daRaruli burcobebi, texili xazebis erTi an ramdenime rigi, ganlagebuli waxnagovani Reros wiboebze). amgvari ornamentiT Semkuli uZvelesi NnivTi _ brinjaos sakinZebi (sur. 175), cnobilia luristanuli masalebidan da daTariRebulia q.w. XI-X ss-iT [Vander Berghe 1982-83: 158, sur. 261] saqarTvelos teritoriaze am ornamentis gamoyenebis uZvelesi nimuSebi dadasturebulia vanis #11 samarxis oqros diademaze, sadac igi moTavsebulia Sesakravsa da rombul firfitas Soris da oqros fibulis rkalze amave kompleqsidan. iqvea amgvaradve Semkuli mSvildsakinZi (sur. 76). samarxis TariRi q.w. V s. Sua xanebiTaa gansazRvruli [lorTqifaniZe oT. 1972: 225]. momdevno xanebSi es ornamenti damoukidebeli dekoris saxiT gvxvdeba vanis #6 samarxis oqros inkrustirebul gulsakidze [Wyonia 1981: 46, sur.

49, 50, 51], fiWvnaris [kaxiZe, vikersi 2004, sur. 245], sairxis [nadiraZe 1990: 63, tab. 33, 11] da vanis # 22 samarxis samajurebisa da Sesakraviani gvergvebis kompleqtebze [kaWarava, xarabaZe 2018: 7,36; tab.XII,2] (IV s meore nax. – III s dasawyisi) da yazbegis samarovnis brinjaos fibulebze [wiTlanaZe 1976; Гогиберидзе 2003, sur. 177-181]. igi dadasturebulia ilarebisa da sakinZebis SemkulobaSic [Гогиберидзе 2003, sur. 183-184; gogiberiZe 2008: 7, 12]. samajurebis gaformebaSi es ornamenti zogjer damatebiTi dekoris funqcias asrulebs, umetesad ki igi Reros erTaderTi Semamkobeli detalia. ase magaliTad, brinjaos samajurze beSTaSenis #2 samarxidan (sur. 30) [Гогиберидзе 2003, sur 30]. es ornamenti Sedis cxovelis Tavis gaformebis elementebSi, Seesabameba cxovelis drunCs da warmoadgens kasriseburi formis Semsxvilebas kideebze. asevea gaformebuli cxovelebis sayelurebi kamaraxevis #9 samarxis samajurebze (sur. 22). ornamenti warmodgenilia sferuli, sigrZiv daRaruli SemsxvilebebiT, romlebic SemozRudulia wyvili irgvlivi salteebiT. maT qveS, Reroze datanilia gravirebuli texilxazovani ornamentis ramdenime rigi. asevea dekorirebuli p.amandris mier aRwerili samajurebi, Tumca texilxazovani ornamenti maT ar axlavs [Amandry 1958: 12. tab. 10,13,14]. es ornamenti sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba sxvadasxva liTonisagan damzadebul samajurebSi [gogiberiZe 1986. gv. 154-167; Гогиберидзе 2003, II jgufis I qvejgufi, gv. 37-40]. amave jgufs miekuTvneba vercxlis samajurebi fiWvnaris q.w. V s. berZnuli samarovnidan [kaxiZe 2007: 263, sur. 30, 9; 72,7] aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela zemoxsenebuli egzemplarisagan gansxvavebiT, es ukanasknelni zurgSedrekili ar aris da am ornamentiT Semkuli, saqarTvelosaTvis uZvelesi nivTebis jgufs uaxlovdeba (igulisxmeba vanis #11 samarxis diadema da fibula). amgvarad Semkul sakisre rkalebSi gamoiyo ori tipi Tavisi variantebiTurT – Sesakraviani da gaxsnili. Sesakravian sakisre rkalebze es ornamenti gadaadgilebulia da ganlagebulia iq, sadac diademebze rombuli detalebia moTavsebuli da Sua nawilSi Semsxvilebulia. aRsaniSnavia, rom amgvari gvergvebis da rombebiani diademebis erT kompleqsSi aRmoCenis arc erTi faqti ar aris dadasturebuli. erTi piroba es samkauli diademac ki gvegona, Tumca Semdgomma kvlevam gviCvena, rom isini, rogorc wesi, micvalebulis yelis areSi iyo aRmoCenili (mag. iTxvisic samarxi

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#2) [gagoSiZe i., gogiberiZe n. maxaraZe g. 2006. gv. 40, foto 14]. ise Cans, rom am dekoriT Semkuli am ori saxis samkauli erTi da imave azrobrivi datvirTvis matarebelia. rac Seexeba TviT ornaments. es ornamenti Zalze waagavs “barsoms” (Rerebis Sekvras) [gagoSiZe i., gogiberiZe n. 1996], romelic zoroastriul sakulto ritualTan iyo dakavSirebuli. gansakuTrebuli msgavseba SeiniSneba amudariis ganZSi dadasturebuli mcire zomis qandakebis qurumis atributTan, romelic mas xelT upyria [Зеймаль 1979:34,1] da romelic o.daltonis mier swored barsomadaa moxseniebuli. da Tumca r.girSmani mas yvavilis gamosaxulebad miiCnevs, Cveni azriT, o.daltonis interpretacia ufro damajereblad gamoiyureba. qandakebis TariRi mkvlevarTa mier gansazRvrulia q.w. V s-isa da IV s-is qronologiur CarCoebSi [Зеймаль Е. 1979: 4,1]. amgvarad, SegviZlia vifiqroT, rom “barsomis” gamosaxuleba aRmosavluri kulturis nasesxobas warmoadgens da ramdenadac arc kolxur diademebs da arc Sesakravian gvergvebs saqarTvelos zemoTCamoTvlili mxareebis farglebs gareT paralelebi ar eZebneba, savaraudoa, rom es simbolo SeTvisebuli da gadamuSavebuli iqna adgilobrivi kulturis wiaRSi, sadac didi xania arsebobda diademebisa da sakisre rkalebis tradicia. rogorc aRvniSneT, es ornamenti gvxvdeba sakinZebze, romelTa gavrcelebis xana saqarTveloSi ganisazRvra q.w. IV s pirveli naxevriT [gogiberiZe 2008: 7] da ilarebze [gogiberiZe 2008: 8]. am ukanasknelTagan winandalSi aRmoCenil calze Rero mTlianad am ornamentiTaa dafaruli, xolo Tavi cxvris ormag protomas warmoadgens. am tipis ilarebis TariRi ki Cvens mier q.w. IV s-iTaa gansazRvruli [gogiberiZe 2008: 7]. mTlianobaSi amgvarad Semkuli sakisre rkalebi da samajurebi siluetis mixeviT sam jgufad dalagda. esaa 1) ovaluri formis SemsxvilebaSi Casmuli burcobebiT Semkuli samajurebi da Sesakraviani sakisre rkalebi da Y2) Tanabari zomis ornamentiTa da 3)boloebisaken konusurad Semsxvilebuli formis ornamentiT dekorirebuli sakisre rkalebi da samajurebi.

II.1.1.00. aq ganvixilavT xsenebuli ornameniT Semkul samajurebs, romlebic dalagebulia siluetSi zemoaRniSnuli gansxvavebebis da dekorSi burcobebis raodenobis mixedviT, Tumca am uknasknels qronologiisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs.

II.1.1.01 (sur. 105). samajurebis es varianti Seadgina vercxlis zurgSedrekilma samajurebma sam-sami daRaruli burcobiT wyvilad salteebs Soris iTxvisis samarovnis # 2, aseve vanis #22 samarxis #2 da #4 micvalebulebis inventarSi [kaWarava 2014: tab. XII,4,5]. Rero waxnagovania, boloebi CamoWrilia da SeRunuli. sigrZiv WrilSi ornamenti wagrZelebuli ovalis frmisaa. iTxvisis #2 samarxis TariRi q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevriTaa gansazRvruli [gagoSiZe, gogiberiZe 2010: 51]. vanis #22 samarxSi #4 micvalebulis kuTvnili samajurebis erT boloze sami, xolo meoreze ori burcobia. vanis #22 samarxis TariRi gansazRvvrulia q.w. IV s. meore naxevrisa da III s. dasawyisis farglebSi [kaWarava, xarabaZe 2018: 74], Tumca zeda qronologiuri sazRvris sakiTxi, Cveni azriT, sadaoa.

II.1.2.00 am tipis samajurebi orburcobiania, dadasturebulia Sromisubnis #2, vanis #2 [Wyonia 1977: 86;126] da #22 (micvalebuli #3) [kaWarava 2014: tab, XII,3] samarxebSi. II.I.2.01 (sur 105a). Sromisubnis #2 samarxis vercxlis zurgSedrekili samajurebis boloebze moTavsebuli orburcobiani ornamenti WrilSi ovaluria da texili xazis erTi rigiTaa SemosazRvruli [Гогиберидзе 2003: sur. 159-176; 175-184]. es kompleqsi amgvari nivTebis Semcvel samarxebSi yvelaze adreulad gamoiyureba. masSi aRmoCenili oqros naxevarmTvariseburi sakidebi vanis #6 samarxis amgvarive samkaulis uaxloesi analogiaa [Wyonia 1977: tab. 7,15]. garkveul msgavsebas avlens es masala iTxvisis #2 samarxis inventarTanac. amitom Sromisubnis samarxis TariRi unda ganisazRvros q.w. IV s pirveli naxevriT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 79]. ovaluri ornamenti axasiaTebs sairxis #8 samarxSi aRmoCenil vercxlis orburcobian samajursac. sairxis #8 samarxis TariRic q.w. IV s pirveli naxevriTaa gansazRvruli [maxaraZe, wereTeli 2007: 72]. amgvarad, ovaluri formis burcobebiani dekoriT Semkuli samajurebi moTavsda q.w. IV s pirveli naxevrisa da amave saukunis Sua xanebSi. igive Seexeba ovalurornamentian Sesakravian gvergvebsac, romelTa Sesaxeb saubari gveqneba momdevni TavSi. II.1.2.02 (sur. 106) vanis #2 samarxis vercxlis wyvili samajurebis or-ori, Tanabari zomis sferuli burcobi erTmaneTisagan wyviladi salteebiTaa gamoyofili. samajuri deformirebulia. Rero Tanabaria, eqvswaxnaga. boloebi CamoWrilia da Sezneqili. ornaments mosdevs sami saltiT gamoyofili texilxazovani ornamentis ramdenime rigi. vanis #2 samarxis TariRi q.w. III s-iT iyo gansazRvruli [fuTuriZe, xoStaria 1972: 89], Tumca misi mikuTvneba IV s kompleqsebze ufro gviani xaniT umarTebulod migvaCnia. am samarxis samajurebi ovalurzurgiania, Tanabari masiuri ReroTi.

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aqvea bolodabrtyelebuli, bologaxvretili sasafeTqle rgolebi, romelTa analogebi modinaxis #3 samarxSia dadasturebuli,Laseve rkinis sferulSemsxvilebebiani samajuris fragmenti, romlis analogebi q.w. IV s-is kompleqsebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. xolo rac Seexeba vercxlis omfalosian Tass cxovelebis gamosaxulebiT, aRniSniSnulia, rom misi TariRis gansazRvra Znelia am nivTis unikalurobis gamo [maTiaSvili 1977: 106]. Cveni dakvirvebiT vanis @#2 samarxis arc erTi nivTi ar SeiZleba gadaWriT daTariRdes III s-iT, xolo samkaulis kompleqti aSkarad ixreba q.w.

IV s. Sua xanebis masalebisaken [Гогиберидзе 2003: 79].

II.1.2.03 (sur 110a). vanis #16 samarxSi aRmoCnda vercxlis xuTi, sakmaod uxeSad nakeTebi, zurgSedrekili, Tanabari zomis eqvswaxnagaReroiani samajuri odnav gaSlili boloebiT. yvela maTgani ganziduli formisaa. boloebi Semkulia sakmaod daudevrad Sesrulebuli sqematuri, orburcobiani, daRaruli dekoriT da erTi rigi texilxazovani ornamentiT [kaWarava, mJavanaZe 1986: 19, sur. 11,5]. am kompleqsis TariRi zurgSedrekili, ganziduli formis samajurebis, Sesakraviani gvergvis, faiansis amuletisa da sxva masalebis mixedviT q.w. IV s. Sua xanebiT davaTariReT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 82]. amave variants miekuTvneba algeTis oqros gofrirebulReroiani samajuri, romlic Cven importuli nivTebis fonze ganvixileT (ix. zemoT). amgvarad, Tanabarornamentiani samajurebis TariRi q.w. IV s Sua xanebis farglebSi moTavsda. siluetis mixedviT Semdegi variantebi Seadgina samajurebma, romlis boloebze ganlagebuli burcobebiani ornamenti konusurad iSleba.

II.1.2.03 vercxlis zurgSedrekili samajurebi sairxis #10 samarxidan [maxaraZe, wereTeli 2007: foto 123] xasiaTdeba ori naxevarrkaliT Sedgenili ganziduli formiT, Tanabari ReroTi, konusurad gaSlil boloebze wyvil salteebs Soris moTavsebuli or-ori daRaruli burcobiT. dekori SemosazRvrulia texili xazis erTi rigiT [nadiraZe 1990: 87. tab. XL1,1). sairxis #10 samarxis TariRi q.w. IV s-is meore meoTxediTaa gansazRvruli [maxaraZe, wereTeli 2007: 80].

II.1.2.04 (sur. 108). am variants warmoadgens vercxlis zurgSedrekili samajuri eqvswaxnaga ReroTi vanis #9 samarxidan. daRaruli burcobebis boloebze TiTo irgvlivi saltea. ornaments mosdevs texili xazis erTi rigi wveroebTan wriuli naWdevebiT. CamoWrili boloebi piramiduladaa Semsxvilebuli [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972: 208, sur. 170a]. samarxis TariRi filipe II makedonelis stateris, Savlakiani kanTarosiTa da sinopuri amforis damRis safuZvelze saimedodaa gansazRvruli q.w. IV s-is mesame meoTxediT [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972: 238, 203].

II.1.2.05 (sur 109). brinjaos zurgSedrekili samajuri samTavros #4 qvevrsamarxidan Semkulia sada burcobebiT, romlebic wyvil salteebSia moqceuli. Rero boloebisaken konusurad iSleba.

ZiriTad ornaments mosdevs iribi jvaredini naWdevebi. es varianti gansxvavdeba zemoTmoyvanili egzemp-larebisagan: burcobebi sadaa, ar axlavs texilxazovani ornamenti da TviT samajuri ufro msubuqia da Rero mrgvalganivkveTiani. samTavros #4 qvevrsamarxis (Zv.w. II-I ss) [Tolordava 1980: 54] samajurebis tipologiuri maxasiaTeblebi am kompleqsis qronologiis Semdgomi dazustebis saSualebas iZleva. samarxSi aRmoCnda II.2.1.00 tipis samajuri, romlis TariRi Cvens mier q.w. I q.S. I ss-Taa gansazRvruli (ix. qvemoT). msgavsi ornamenti ikiTxeba arkneTis samarovnis #2 samarxis brinjaos samajurze. samarxi masSi aRmoCenili parTuli monetis safuZvelze unda daTariRdes q.w. I s. samarovnis TariRi Tavis droze ganisazRvra q.w. I - S.w. I ss-is farglebSi [jafariZe 1956: 197]. amgvarad, irkveva, rom am tipis samajurebis saqarTveloSi gavrcelebis periodSi garkveuli wyvetili arsebobs. es SeiZleba aixsnas im garemoebiT, rom es motivi ganagrZobs arsebobas saqarTvelos farglebs gareT da aq sxvadasxva dros garkveuli garegani impulsebis saxiT iCens Tavs. calke tipad gamovyaviT samajurebi boloebze TiTo SemsxvilebiT. II.1.3.01 (sur. 110) oqros zurgSedrekili samajurebi vanis #9 samarxidan xasiaTdeba Rerosagan mkveTrad gamoyofili, TiTo reliefur salteSi moqceuli daRaruli SemsxvilebebiT zurgze da boloebze. samajuris mTel rkals miuyveba reliefuri waxnagovani kbilanebi, romlebic TiTqos samajuris msxvil ReroSia CaWrili. sainteresoa, rom swored aseTi xerxia gamoyenebuli brinjaos samajurebze varsimaanTkaris samarovnis #10 samarxidan [wiTlanaZe 1976: tab. XIX, 6], rkinis kbilanebian samajurebsa da yazbegis samarovnis samajurebze (sur. 48, 49) [wiTlanaZe 1971: 27, sur.

170], romelTa TariRi Cvens mier IV s-is Sua xanebiTaa gansazRvruli [Гогиберидзе 2003: 50].

II.1.3.02 (sur.111). TiTo burcobiTaa dekorirebuli vercxlis zurgSedrekili rvawaxnagaReroiani samajurebis boloebi yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxidan (IV s. bolo meoTxedi) [Гогиберидзе 2003: 50].

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am SemTxvevaSi daRaruli bikonusuri burcobebi Rerosagan sam-sami irgvlivi RariTaa gamoyofili. dekoris boloebi CamoWrilia da Sezneqili. am nivTebis axlo analogias warmoadgens mrgvalReroiani zurgSedrekili samajuri cixiagoris #11 qvevrsamarxidan [Tolordava 1980: tab.

XXXIV, 6]. amgvaradve daboloebuli mrgvalReroiani samajurebi aRmoCnda taxtiZiris adreelinisturi samarovnis #5 da #8 samarxebSi, romelTa TariRi, Sesabamisad, q.w. IV s-is Sua xanebiT ganisazRvra [gagoSiZe 2020: 48]. axalgoris ganZis oqros ovaluri samajurebis boloebi Semkulia TiTo daRaruli burcobiT da TiTo reliefuri saltiT [Смирнов 1934: tab. I]. axalgoris ganZis qronologiis sakiTxi xangrZlivi msjelobis sagani gaxda. dRes misi TariRi Semoifargla q.w. IV saukunis boloTi da III s-is dasawyisiT [gogiberiZe 1986: 166; Гогиберидзе 2003: 61; lorTqifaniZe 2003: 40] (axalgoris ganZis TariRebze ufro dawvrilebuT saubari gveqneba sakisre rkalebis ganxilvisas). amgvarad, erTburcobiani samajurebis gavrcelebis TariRi amave qronologiur monakveTSi Tavsdeba.

II.1.3.03 (sur. 112). yanCaeTis samarxis TariRi q.w. IV s-is bolo meoTxediT daTariRda [gogiberiZe 1986: 166; Гогиберидзе 2003: 61] da swored drois am monakveTSi unda moTavsdes am variantis samajurebic, miT ufro, rom Tanabari waxnagovani ReroTi da masiurobiT isini winare xanisaken ixreba.

II.1.3.04 (sur.113-115) garkveuli msgavseba SeiniSneba pirveli variantis samajurebsa da yazbegis samarovnis brinjaos samajuris fragments Soris. am ukanasknels axasiaTebs eqvswaxnaga Tanabari Rero da boloebze bikonusuri formis burcobebi. amave variants vakuTvnebT brinjaos mrgvalganivkveTian samajurs sada oTwaxnaga burcobebiT da wertilovani RrmuliT CamoWril boloze amave samarovnidan (sur. 114), da brinjaos samajurs dafnaris samarovnis #33 qvevrsamarxidan (sur. 115). am samajuris erT boloze moTavsebul bikonusur burcobs mosdevs irgvlivi Rarebi da texilxazovani ornamentis ramdenime rigi [Гогиберидзе 2003: 55]. II.1.3.03 variantis samajurebTan tipologiisa da sqematizaciis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT siaxlovis gamo isini uSualod unda mosdevdes am ukanasknels da daTariRdes q.w. III s. pirveli naxevriT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 89]. amgvrad irkveva, rom II.1.1.00. jgufSi gaerTinebuli daRarulburcobebiani samajurebis TariRi yvela SemTxvevaSi ar scildeba q.w. IV-III saukunis dasawyisis farglebs [dawvrilebiT ix. Гогиберидзе 2003: sur. 105-115; 159-166; 175-184].

II.1.4.00. dablagomis mdidrul samarxSi gamovlenilia brinjaos ori mrgvalganivkveTianReroiani samajuri boloebze sada bikonusuri SemsxvilebebiT da Tanmxlebi irgvlivi RarebiT, romlis Sesabamisi kompleqsi daTariRebulia q.w. III s-is dasawyisiT [Tolordava 1876: tab. 98;]. amdenad, maTi TariRi SeiZleba ganisazRvros amave drois farglebSi. am tips unda miekuTvnos eSeris inhumaciuri samarxis brinjaos samajurebic [Куфтин 1949: sur. 13] da maTi TariRi ganisazRvros amave periodiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 89].

II.1.5.00 (sur. 116). am tipSi gaerTianda samajurebi boloebze Semovlebuli saltiT. aRmoCnda, rom dekorirebis es xerxi gamoiyeneboda sxvadasxva liTonisagan damzadebul samajurebze. eleqtrumis ori amgvarad Semkuli samajuri dadasturebulia algeTis mdidruli samarxis masalebSi [davlianiZe 1976: tab. XI,3], aseve kuSCis #3 samarxSi [gagoSiZe 1982: 50]. masalis analizis safuZvelze es tipi Tavsdeba IV s. Sua xanebisa da amave saukunis dasasrulis farglebSi [Гогиберидзе 2003: 89]. qvejgufi 2. am qvejgufSi gaerTianebulia samajurebi, romlebsac Reroze saxvadasxva raodenobis ovaluri burcobebi aqvs ganlagebuli.

II.2.1.00 (sur. 117-119). mocemuli tipis samajurebis Reroze moTavsebulia Svidi ovaluri Semsxvileba. saerTo damaxasiaTebeli niSania aseve odnav zurgSeRunuli, mrgvalganivkveTiani Rero. xSirad Semsxvilebebze sigrZivi Rarebia datanili. amgvarebi aRmoCenilia dablagomis, dafnaris, zemofarcxmis, guadixus, yazbegis samarovnis, Toxliauris [Гогиберидзе 2003: 40], fiWvnaris elinisturi xanis samarovnis [kaxiZe, vaSakiZe 1977: 29, tab. XVI,9] da cixiagoris mdidruli samarxis masalebSi [cqitiSvili 2001: tab. I, 47]. zemofarcxmuli egzemplarebis burcobebi Semkulia wertilovani ornamentiT, guadixus umcrosi jgufis samarovnis #39 samarxis brinjaos samajurebze aTi da Teqvsmeti Semsxvilebaa [Трапш 1970: tab. XXXIV,4,5] dafnaris #36 qvevrsamarxis brinjaos samajurze ToTxmeti burcobia (sur.119). am ukanasknelze burcobebi mkveTrad bikonusuria. maT Soris sivrce Sevsebulia irgvlivi RarebiT. samajurebis Tanmxlebi yvela kompleqsi Tavsdeba q.w. III s. farglebSi. cixiagoris mdidruli samarxis TariRi q.w. III s.

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dasawyisiTaa gansazRvruli [cqitiSvili 2001: 44]. dablagomis #4 samaxisaTvis Sesaferis TariRad SemoTavazebulia III s. Sua xanebi [Tolordava 1980: 16]. dafnaris #9 qvevrsamarxis TariRi gansazRvrulia III s. meore naxevriT [Tolordava 1980: 23]. zemofarcxmis qvevrsamarxs v.Tolordava aTavsebs Tavisi klasifikaciis meore jgufSi da q.w. II-I ss-iT aTariRebs [Tolordava 1980: 28]. dafnaris #35 qvevrsamarxi mikuTvnebulia III-II ss. samarxebis jgufs. [Tolordava 1980: 22]. danarCen SemTxvevebSi Sesabamisi kompleqsebis TariRi ar scildeba q.w. IV-III ss. farglebs [Кигурадзе 1967: 38; Трапш 1970: 264]. am tipis samajurebisaTvis SemoTavazebulia Semdegi TariRebi: periodi IV s-dan moyolebuli gvianelinisturi xanis CaTvliT [Куфтин 1950: 43], IV-II ss. [Кигурадзе 1967: 52], III s. [kaxiZe, vaSakiZe 1977: 43]. amgvarive samajuri dadasturebulia karmir-bluris masalebSi [Есаян 1969: 109]. rogorc prizmulSverilebiani samajurebis ganxilvisas aRvniSneT, or SemTxvevaSi mocemuli tipis samajurebi Tanxvdeba I.1.2.11 variants (guadixus umcrosi jgufis samarovnis samarxi #39 da dafnaris qvevrsamarxi #3), romelTa gavrcelebis ZiriTad xanad q.w. IV s pirvel naxevars da III s miviCnevT, migvaCnia, rom II.2.1.00 tipis samajurebi qronologiurad uSualod mosdevs prizmulSemsxvilebebian samajurebs da maTi TariRi unda ganisazRvros III s pirveli naxevrisa da II s dasawyisiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 89].

II.2.2.00 (sur. 120-127) am tipSi gaerTianda samajurebi, rolebzedac burcobebi mxolod samkaulis boloebzea ganlagebuli.

II.2.2.01 (sur. 125). am variants miekuTvneba samajurebi ovaluri formis burcobebiT. aseTebia zurgSedrekli samajurebi kamaraxevis samarovnis #4 samarxidan (q.w. V-IIIss). [ramiSvili 1959: 9, 12], winandlidan da fiWvnaris elinisturi xanis samarovnis #36 samarxidan [kaxiZe, vaSakiZe 1977: 29; tab. XVI,8], aseve Sesabamisi samkauli dafnaris samarovnis #9 qvevrsamarxidan [Кигурадзе 1967: 72, tab. XXIII, 3]. zemoT Cven ukve SevexeT kamaraxevis #4 samarxis TariRs. samarxSi sxva masalebs Soris dadasturebulia sakinZebi, romelTa Tavebi Semkulia cilindruli formis salteebs Soris moqceuli daRaruli burcobebiT. amgvari sakinZebis TariRi Cvens mier gansazRvrulia q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevris an, SesaZloa, amave saukunis pirveli meoTxedis farglebSi [gogiberiZe 2008: 7], rac gvaZlevs saSualebas II.2.2.01 variantis samajurebis TariRi drois am monakveTiT ganvsazRvroT. II.2.2.02 (sur. 126). variants axasiaTebs mogrZo ovalis formis burcobebi, romlebic TandaTan gadadis mrgvalganivkveTian ReroSi. am variantis samajurebi dadasturebulia yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxisa da yazbegis samarovnis masalebSi [Гогиберидзе 2003: 57]. yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxis, yazbegis samarovnisa da, aseve, oSakanis nekropolis [Есаян 1976: 35,39] qronologiis safuZvelze es varianti SeZleba daTariRdes q.w. IV s boloTi - III s. dasawyisiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: gv. 90].

II.2.2.03 (sur. 120-122, 124) am variantis samajurebis boloebze moTavsebulia sferuli Semsxvilebebi. wina ori variantisagan gansxvavebiT burcobis momijnave Rero Semsxvilebulia da gamoyofilia irgvlivi RariT. amgvari samajurebi aRmoCnda dablagomis ##3,4 da #7 qvevrsamarxebSi, aseve neron-deresis samarovnis #8 smarxSi [Гагошидзе 1975: 95, sur. 3]. amgvaradvea gaformebuli samajuris erTi bolo dafnaris samarovnis #31 qvevrsamarxidan (sur. 124). amgvarive samajuri aRmoCnda cixiagoris mdidruli samarxis inventarSi [cqitiSvili 2001: tab.I, 46]. mocemuli variantis qronologiuri diapazoni sakmaod farToa. dablagomsa da cixiagoraze es nivTebi aRmoCenilia q.w.

III s-is samarxebSi [Tolordava 1980: 14; cqitiSvili 2001: 44], xolo Sesabamisi kompleqsi neronderesidan daTariRebulia q.w. I saukuniT [Гагошидзе 1975: 28]. amgvari farTo qronologiuri diapazoni SeiZleba aixsnas ornamentaciis simartiviT, Tumca maT gaformebaSi SeiniSneba garkveuli gansxvavebebi. neron-deresis calebze Semsxvilebebi ovaluri formisaa. sxva SemTxvevebSi isini sferulia da mkveTradaa gamoyofili Semsxvilebuli Rerosagan. SesaZloa, isini calke variantad unda gamoiyos da kompleqsebis Sesabamisad q.w. III s. miekuTvnos. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom cixiagoris mdidrul samarxSi isini Tanxvdeba brinjaos Svidburcobian samajurs (II.2.1.01), romlis TariRi Cvens mier q.w. III s. pirveli naxevriTa da II s. dasawyisiTaa gansazRvruli [Гогиберидзе 2003: 91].

II.2.2.04 (sur. 127). calke yuradRebis Rirsia brinjaos samajuris fagmenti dablagomis #15 qvevrsamarxidan. misi Rero TandaTan msxvildeba da gadadis msxliseburi formis burcobSi, romelzec sigrZivi da irgvlivi naWdevebia datanili. amgvari samajurebi dadasturebulia I.1.2.10 da I.1.2.II variantebis samajurebTan erTad, romelTa gavrcelebis xana, q.w. IV s meore naxevrisa da III s dasawyisis farglebSi Tavsdeba. amdenad mocemuli variantis TariRic amave qronologiur monakveTSi unda moTavsdes [Гогиберидзе 2003: 91].

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II.2.3.00. am tipSi gaerTianda rkinis samajurebi, romlebsac mTeli Rero sxvadasxva saxis burcobebiTa aqvs dafaruli.

II.2.3.01 (sur. 129). samajurebis am variantisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sferuli formis burcobebi. aseTebia samajurebi iTxvisis samarovnis ##1,2 da #9 samarxebidan, kikeTis samarovnis #4 samarxidan, kuSCis #3 samarxidan, vanis #24 [kaWarava 2019: tab. XIV,7], gomareTis samarovnis [davlianiZe 1983: 20], qasraanT miwebis adreantikuri xanis samarovnis #8 samarxis [beriZe 1980: 17. tab. XIII,4], kamaraxevis samarovnis ##30, 58, 65, 96, 146, 149 [jRarkava 1982], da 153 ecos samarovnis ##14, 52, 71, 74, da 87 [137, tab. I,IV], aseve taxtiZiris adreelinisturi samarovnis #4 da #36 samarxebidan [gagoSiZe 2020: 68, 157]. yvela moyvanili egzemplari xasiaTdeba mrgvali an ovaluri formiT da mkveTrad gamoxatuli sferuli burcobebiT zurgis gayolebaze. am tipis asaki zogadad adreelinisturi xaniTaa gansazRvruli [davlianiZe 1983: 69]. aRsaniSnavia, rom maTi Tanmxlebi kompleqsebi umetes SemTxvevebSi erTmaneTTan did msgavsebas avlens. Oor SemTxvevaSi am tipis samajurebTan erTad aRmoCenilia wvrili mZivebiT inkrustirebuli rkinis samajurebi (kuSCis #3 da iTxvisis #4 samarxebi). orive es kompleqsi q.w.

IV s pirvel naxevarSi Tavsdeba. vanis #22 da iTxvisis #2 samarxebSi dadasturebulia salteebs Soris moqceuli burcobebiT Semkuli samkaulebis jgufi, romlis TariRi q.w. IV s Sua xanebiTaa Cvens mier gansazRvruli [Гогиберидзе 2003: 66; gagoSiZe, gogiberiZe 2010:52], iTxvisis #1 da #2 da vanis #22@ samarxebSi aRmoCnda rkinis sakisre rkalebi. mocemuli kompleqsebis damaxasiaTebel nivTebad gvevlineba aseve bologaxvretili sasafeTqle rgolebi (kamaraxevis ##30, 146, 149, 153, iTxvisis #1, gomareTis #6, vanis #2, modinaxis #6, kuSCis #3, taxtiZiris #4 samarxebidan), waxnagovani mZivebi (iTxvisis #1 da #2, gomareTis ## 6 da #10, kamaraxevis #65 samarxebi). msgavseba SeiniSneba mZivebis kompleqtebSic. yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba Tvaledi mZivebi (iTxvisis #2, kuSCis #3, kamaraxevis ## 30, 65, 146, 149 samarxebi), aseve qvis waxnagovani mZivebi. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos mZivebis erTi tipi, romelic damaxasiaTebelia dablagomisa da dafnaris qvevrsamarxebisaTvis. esaa gaumWvirvale TeTri,YyviTeli da Sabiamnisferi minis asimetriuli, msxliseburi formis moxveuli mZivebi. rkinis sferulburcobebian samajurebTan erTad isini dadasturebulia iTxvisis #2, gomareTis #10 da #12, kamaraxevis ##30, 65, 146, 153 da dafnaris #28 samarxebSi. keramikuli doqebi xsenebuli kompleqsebidan, ZiriTadad, msxliseburi formisaa (iTxvisis #1, 2, 9, kuSCis #3, modinaxes #5, gomareTis #153 samarxebi). amgvarad aSkaraa, rom, sferulburcobebiani samajurebis Semcveli kompleqsebi ZiriTadad erTgvarovnia. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba aseve bogvisxevis samarovnis qvis samarxi #1 [TuSiSvili 1970: 129, sur. III], romlis inventarSi rkinis sferulburcobebian samajurebTan erTad Sedis bologaxvretili sayure rgolebi, waxnagovani da moxveuli mZivebi. am samarxSive aRmoCnda vercxlis beWedi farakze solaruli gamosaxulebiT, romlis farakis analogebi dadasturebulia taxrtiZiris #17 (q.w. IVs Sua xanebi) [gagoSiZe 1019: 141] papigoris samarovnis #49 qvevrsamarxSi (q.w IV s bolo- III s pirveli nax.) margiSvili 1992: 41-43, tab. III,9] da ecos IV-III ss [ramiSvili q., SatberaSvili v. 1997: 21, sur. 1] samarxebidan. bogvisxevis samarovani Tavis droze q.w. VI-V ss pirveli naxevriT daTariRda. SemdgomSi es TariRi q.w. IV s. Seicvala [SatberaSvili 2005: 38-39]. amdenad, bogvisxevis kompleqsi unda daTariRdes ara ugvianes q.w. IV s Sua xanebisa. amave xaniT TariRdeba taxtiZiris samarxi # 17 [gagoSiZe 2020: 141]. kuSCis #3 samarxis TariRi gansazRvrulia q.w. IV s Sua xanebiT [gagoSiZe 1982: 46], iTxvisis #1 da #2 samarxebi daTariRebulia q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevris farglebSi [gagoSiZe, gogiberiZe 2010: 51]. gomareTis samarovani zogadad q.w. IV-III s daTariRebuli [davlianiZe 1983: 49]. dafnaris #28 qvevrsamarxis TariRad SemoTavazebulia aseve IV-III ss [Кигурадзе: 33]. K kamaraxevis samarovani misi Tanadroul samrovnebTan siaxlovis safuZvelze daTariRebulia IVIII ss. [jRarkava 1982: 190], Tumca yvela kompleqsi, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis rkinis sferulburcobebiani samajurebi, Tavsdeba q.w. IV s pirveli naxevrisa da Sua xanebis qronologiur CarCoebSi. amas adasturebs keramikuli masalac, romelic g. narimaniSvilis klasifikasiis pirvel (q.w. IV s pirveli naxevari) da nawilobriv meore jgufs (IV s-is meore naxevari) miekuTvneba [Нариманашвили 1991: 59]. rac Seexeba samkaulebis kompleqtebs, isini TiTqmis sruliad emTxveva Sesabamis nivTebs kamarxevis zemoxsenebuli samarxebidan. maT Soris SedarebiT axalgazrdad gamoiyureba samarxi #65, Tumca misi inventaris ZiriTadi nawili ar ganxvavdeba danarCenebisagan: ovalurzurgiani da zurgSedrekili samajurebi, amasTan es ukanasknelni gamoirCeva masiurobiT da siganeSi ganziduli formebiT, mZivebis asxmebi, romelTa Soris bikonusuri, Tvaledi, xuTwaxnaga da moxveuli mZivebic gvxvdeba, Tumca aq ukve Cndeba zaraki

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momrgvalebuli konusis formisa da mrgvalfarakiani sabeWdavi beWdebi, rac saSualebas iZleva samarxis TariRi q.w. IV s meore naxevriT ganisazRvros. c.davlianiZe am variantis samajurebs adreelinisturi epoqiT aTariRebs [davlianiZe 1983:49]. i. gagoSiZis azriT, isini q.w. IV s. meore naxevars unda ganekuTvnebodes [gagoSiZe 1982:49].

Tumca axali aRmoCenebis Suqze yvela danarCeni kompleqsi, romlis SemadgenlobaSic sakvlevi variantis samajurebi Sedis, Tavsdeba q.w. IV s pirveli naxevrisa da Sua xanebis qronologiur CarCoebSi. maT Soris uadresia ovaluri da mrgvali formis egzemplarebi da dadasturebulia IV s. pirveli naxevrisa da amave saukunis Sua xanebis kompleqsebSi [Гогиберидзе 2003: 92-93].

II.2.3.02 am tipis calke variantad gamoiyo rkinis zurgSedrekili samajurebi. cudi daculobis miuxedavad zugierT maTganze mkafiod Cans oTxkuTxa formis kbilanebi. SedarebiT kargadaa Semonaxuli es ornamenti rkinis sworzurgian samajurze varsimamaanTkaris samarovnis #10 samarxidan, romelic formiTa da gaformebiT siaxloes avlens brinjaos e.w. drakonisTavebian samajurebTan [wiTlanaZe 1983, tab. XIX,6]. samarovani daTariRebulia q.w. V-IV ss, Tumca samarxi #10 unda q.w. IV s. ganekuTvnebodes masSi wiTlad gamomwvari muceldaweuli kopebiani doqis aRmoCenis safuZvelze [wiTlanaZe 1983: 58, tab. XIX, 5]. amave variants vakuTvnebT rkinis zurgSedrekil samajurebs modinaxes elinituri xanis samarovnis ##5 da 6 samarxebidan [nadiraZe 1975, tab.

XII,6,8], romlebsac j.nadiraZe q.w. III s-iT aTariRebs [nadiraZe 1975: 41] da ecos samarovnis #87 samarxidan. samarovani IV-III ss-Taa daTariRebuli [SatberaSvili 1999: 57, tab. I, 87, 1]. Tumca drakonebian samajurebTan am variantis siaxlovis safuZvelze misi TariRi ganisazRvra IV s meore naxevriT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 93].

II.2.4.00 (sur.130) calke tipad gamovyaviT rkinis, minis biseriT inkrustirebuli samajurebi iTxvisis #2 da kuSCis # 3 samarxidan Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mZivebi samajurTan erTad iyo daxveuli majaze da ubralod Caijanga rkinaSi. jgufi III. calke jgufSi gaerTianda geometriuli ornamentiT Semkuli samajurebi. qvjgufi I: III.1.1.00 (sur. 131). pirvel tips warmoadgens masiuri ovalur- zurgiani samajuri dakeWnili boloebiT beSTaSenis #48 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 135, tab. XIV, 537]. TariRis dazustebis saSualebas Tanmxlebi inventari ar iZleva.

III.1.2.00 (sur. 133). am tips miekuTvneba vercxlis ovaluri mrgvalganivkveTiani samajuri mkveTrad daRaruli. konusuri formis boloebiT vanis #2 samarxidan. tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT igi win uswrebs konusurad TandaTan Semsxvilebulboloebiani samajurebis jgufs, romelTa pirveli nimuSebi q.w. IV s. meore naxevridan Cndeba. amitom, SesaZleblad vTvliT am variantis samajurebis IV s. Sua xanebiT daTariRebas. am TariRs ar ewinaaRmdegeba Tanmxlebi samkaulic (Sesakraviani sakisre rkalebi, samajurebi boloebze Tanabari zomis ornamentiT da sxv.).

III.1.3.00 (sur. 134) am tipis samajurebi¸romelTa mrgval-ganivkveTiani Rero TandaTan msxvildeba da gadadis irgvlivad daRarulUboloebSi aRmoCnda eSeris kremaciul samarxSi [Куфтин 1949: sur. 8]. amgvari silueti, Cveni dakvirvebiT, farTod vrceldeba q.w. IV s meore naxevridan. Tumca es samajuri gamoirCeva IV s-is nimuSebisagan Tavisi sinatifiTa da simsubuqiT da ixreba III-II ss Sesabamisi nivTebisaken, amitom am variantis TariRs drois am monakveTiT ganvsazRvravT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 94].

III.1.4.00 (sur. 135). calke tipSi gaerTianda samajurebi iTxvisis #9 (IVs. Sua xanebi) [gagoSiZe, gogiberiZe 2010: 53], dablagomis #19 da farcxanayanevis qvevsamarxidan [Tolordava 1980, tab.

XXVII, 6]. vfiqrobT, es martivad gaformebuli samajurebi saerTo formis mixedviT q.w. IV s. bolosa da III s. bolos qronologiur CarCoebSi unda moTavsdes. qvejgufi 2. es samajurebi gaerTianda sxvadasxva saxis geometriuli ornamentis safuZvelze.

III.2.1.00 (sur. 136). am tipis samajurebis mrgvalganivkveTiani Rero TandaTan msxvildeba boloebisaken. boloebi dakeWnilia. aseTebia masiuri zurgSedrekili samajurebi samTavris samarovnis ##43, 227, 332 qvevrsamarxebidan da farcxanayanevis qvevrsamarxidan, romlis TariRi q.w.

III saukunis meore naxevriTaa gansazRvruli [Tolordava 1980: tab. XXVII, 3]. samTavros samarovnis #227 samarxSi igi dadasturebulia yelwiboian keramikul doqTan, Tvalbudian beWedTan Dda vercxlfenil da oqrofenil mZivebTan erTad. cota ufro axalgazrdad gamoiyureba farcxanayanevis #43 qvevrsamarxis inventari. masSi aRmoCenili kanTarosisebri WurWlis paralelebad moyvanilia q.w. I s-is masalebi [Tolordava 1980: 32]. amdenad, arsebobs safuZveli mocemuli tipis samajurebis gavrcelebis xana ganisazRvros q.w. I-q.S. I ss-iT.

33

III.2.2.00 am tipis zurgSedrekili samajurebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia TandaTan Semsxvilebul boloebze irgvlivi Rarebi.

III.2.2.01 (sur. 137) am samajurebis ornamenti Sedgeba oTx an xuTi irgvlivi Rarisagan. amgvarebi Sedis samTavros elinisturi xanis samarovnis ##4, 6, 43, 110, 114 qvevrsamarxeebis kompleqsebSi [Гогиберидзе 2003: 95]. samTavros samarovnis #4 qvevrsamarxSi am variantTan erTad aRmoCnda II.1.3.04 variantis samajuri, romlis qveda qronologiuri sazRvari gansazRvrulia Cvens mier q.w. I s-iT. amave samarovnis #43 qvevsamarxSi mas axlavs II.2.1.00 tipis samajuri, #110 samarxi parTuli monetis safuZvelze unda TariRdebodes q.w. I s-is Sua xanebiT. amgvarad, mocemuli tipis qronologia unda Tavsdebodes q.w. I-q.S I ss-is farglebSi [Гогиберидзе 2003: 95].

III.2.2.02 (sur.138) am variantis samajurebze samTavros qvevrsamarxebidan irgvliv Rarebs Soris moTavsebulia jvaredini ornamenti. Tanmxlebi kompleqsebis analizisa da III.2.2.01 variantis samajurTan Tanxvedris safuZvelze mocemuli variantis samajurebis TariRi ganisazRvra q.w. I q.S. I saukuneebiT [Гогиберидзе 2003:95].

III.2.3.00. calke tipi Seadgina zurgSedrekilma samajurebma dawaxnagebuli boloebiT. III.2.3.01 (sur. 139-142) am variantis samajurebis boloebi eqvswaxnagaa da waxnagebis gaswvriv wertilovani ornamenti gasdevs. amgvari nimuSebi aRmoCnda samTavros samarovnis ##12, 105 da 332 qvevrsamarxebSi aseve yazbegis samarovnis masalebSi. analogiuradaa gaformebuli samTavros samarovnis #26 samarxis samajurebic (sur. 140), Tumca danarCenebisagan gansxvavebiT, misi boloebi oTxwaxnagaa, Rero ki grexili. parTuli monetebis safuZvelze varianti TariRdeba q.w. I- q.S. I ssiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 95].

III.2.3.02 (sur. 141). am variantis samajurebis boloebi oTxwaxnagaa da mrgvalganivkveTiani Rerosagan irgvlivi RarebiTaa gamoyofili. es varianti dadasturebulia samTavros samarovnis ##31, 28 da 58 qvevrsamarxebSi. wriul Rarebs Soris moTavsebulia sferuli Semsxvilebebi sigrZivi naWdevebiT. analogiuri egzemplari aRmoCnda vasas wyaros samarovnis #2 samarxSi [jafariZe 1956: sur. 142]. samTavros #28 qvevrsamarxSi es varianti Tanxvdeba II.2.3.01 variants. amave samarovnis #58 qvevrsamarxis inventarSi Sedis gviani variantebis oqrofenili mZivebi. aqve gvxvdeba moyviTalo feris kopebiTa da RrmulebiT Semkuli keramikuli WurWeli, romelic damaxasiaTebelia kramitsamarxebisaTvis. amdenad, samarxis TariRi unda ganisazRvros arauadres q.S. I ss-isa. am variantis samajurebis Tanmxlebi kompleqsebisaTvis damaxa-siaTebelia aseve yelwiboiani doqebi. vfiqrobT, rom am monacemebis Suqze am variantis samajurebis TariRi unda ganisazRvros q.S. I-II ss-is mijniT. jgufi IV. calke jgufSi moTavsda uornamento samajurebi. am SemTxvevaSi maT tipologiur klasifikacias safuZvlad daedo Sesabamisi samkaulis formis yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi.

IV.0.1.00 (sur. 143-145). am tipSi gaerTianda oTxi, gansxvavebuli formis samajuri erTnairi boloebiT. samajurebi damzadebulia naxevarwriuli mavTulisagan da mTavrdeba Seburculi, boloCamoWrili SemsxvilebebiT. isini aRmoCnda iTxvisis #3 da #4 samarxebSi. #3 samarxis samajurebi zurgSedrekilia. #4 samarxis ori samajuridan erTi ovalurzugiania, meore ki odnav zurgSedrekili. oTxive egzemplaris boloebi warmoadgens wagrZelebul elifsoidur Semsxvilebas da rigi niSnebiT waagavs amave samarovnis #2 samarxis daRaruli burcobebiT dekorirebul samajurebs (II.1.1.10). siluetis mixedviT am variantis samajurebi Tavsdeba q.w. IV saukunis pirveli naxevriT daTariRebul samajurTa jgufSi. iTxvisis samarxi #4 keramikuli inventarisa da samkaulis vanis #11 da #6 samarxebis inventarTan siaxlovis safuZvelze Cvens mier daTariRebulia IV s pirveli naxevriT. [Гогиберидзе 2003: 96; gagoSiZe, gogiberiZe 2010: 52]. amdenad, amave xanas ganekuTvneba mocemuli variantis samajurebic. am jgufis sxva tipis samajurebis qronologiuri diapazoni sakmaod farToa da arTulebs danawevrebuli qronologiis sakiTxebis kvlevas, Tumca rig SemTxvevebSi xerxdeba maTi CarTva ama Tu im, myari TariRebis mqone qronologiur jgufSi. IV.0.2.00 (sur. 147-149). beSTaSenis samarovnis #31 samarxis brinjaos samajuri msxliseburi formisaa. axasiaTebs Tanabari, naxevarwriuli, boloebisaken TandaTan gawvrilebuli Rero [menabde, davlianiZe 1968, tab. XIII, 446]. am variantebis TariRi zogadad q.w. V s-iT unda ganisazRvros.

IV.0.3.00. am tipSi gaerTianda ovaluri formis uornamento samajurebi.

34

IV.0.3.01 (sur.147). am variants warmoadgens brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #48 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968, tab. XIV, 502].

IV.0.3.02 (sur. 14) beSTaSenis #42 samarxis samajurs sxvadasxva sisqis momrgvalebuli boloebi aqvs. samarxSi aRmoCenil talkis mZivebs b.kuftini adreul rkinis xanas miakuTvnebs [Куфтин 1941, tab. XXXII].

IV.03.03 (sur. 149) calke variantad gamoiyo brinjaos masiuri, ovaluri samajuri Tanabari ReroTi da dabrtyelebuli niCbiseburi boloebiT beSTaSenis #5 samarxidan [menabde, davlianiZe 1968, tab.

XI, 347]. yvela zemoT CamoTvlili varianti, IV.0.3.02 garda, beSTaSenis samarovnis saerTo TariRidan da V s nimuSebTan tipologiuri siaxlovis safuZvelze Tavsdeba drois am qronologiur monkveTSi [Гогиберидзе 2003: 96].

IV.0.3.04 (sur. 150). es varianti samTavros samarovnis #31 samarxidan xasiaTdeba Tanabari naxevarwriuli ReroTi da odnav Seznqili boloebiT Гогиберидзе 2003, gv. 61]. samTavros #31 qvevrsamarxis TariRi gansazRvrulia q.w. II-I saukuneebiT [Tolordava 1980: 55]. Reros forma da saerTo simsubuqe am variants mocemuli periodis nivTebis rigSi ayenebs [Гогиберидзе 2003: 96].

IV.0.3.05 (sur. 151). brinjaos bologawvrilebuli samajuri aRmoCnda arkneTis samarovnis #2 samarxSi. samarovnis TariRi q.w. I - q.S I ss-Taa gansazRvruli [jafariZe 1957: 197, sur. 6].

IV.0.3.06 (sur. 152) calke varianti Seadgina brinjaos ovalurma brtyelganivkveTianma samajurebma winandlidan da yoRoTos #5 samarxidan [Гогиберидзе 2003: gv.62]. ialolu-Tefes tipis keramikisa da kramit samarxebisaTvis damaxasiaTbeli Ria feris keramikuli WurWlis safuZvelze yoRoTs #5 samrxidan es varianti unda daTariRdes q.w. I- q.S. II ss-is qronologiur CarCoebSi [Гогиберидзе 2003: 96].

IV.0.4.00 am tipSi gaerTianda uornamento zurgSedrekili samajurebi.

IV.0.4.01 (sur. 153). am vriants miekuTvna oTxwaxnagaganivkveTiani samajurebi boloebisaken TandaTan Semsxvilebuli ReroTi da CamoWrili boloebiT samTavros #1 da #163 samarxebidan, aseve arkneTis samarovnis #1 qvevrsamarxidan [jafariZe1957; Гогиберидзе 2003: 62]. tipologiuri da qronologiuri TvalsazrisiT es samajurebi ukavSirdeba III.2.3.02 variants da Sesabamisad, q.w. I-q.S. I ss-iT unda daTariRdes [Гогиберидзе 2003: 97].

IV.0.4.02 (sur. 154). am variantis samajurebi, mrgvalReroiani da zurgSedrekili, aRmoCenilia samTavros [Tolordava 1980: 53] da arkneTis samarovnebze, [jafariZe 1957:197, sur. 6], Sesabamisad, am tipis samajurebis TariRi unda ganisazRvros q.w. II-I saukuneebiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 62].

IV.0.5.00 (sur. 155). am tipis boloebgawvrilebuli samajurebi aRmoCenilia neron-deresisa [gagoSiZe 1982: 28] da yazbegis samarovnebze [wiTlanaZe 1004: 83]. ramdenadac am nivTebis forma sakmaod martivia da ornamentic ar axlavs maTi asaki farTo qronologiur diapazonSi, q.S. I aTaswleulis meore naxevris farglebSi unda moTavsdes.

Tavi meore sakisre rkalebi. adreantikuri da elinisturi xanis samkaulis kompleqtebis erT-erT elements sakisre rkalebi (e.w. xatisuReli, gvergvi, kirkali) warmoadgens. am saxis samkauli farTod iyo gavrcelebuli Zvel samyaroSi da drois garkveul monakveTSi misi mflobelis gansakuTrebul socialur statusze miuTiTebda [Петренко 1978: 41, WaniSvili 2010: 125]. saqarTvelos arqeologiur masalebSi isini arc ise xSirad gvxvdeba da umravles SemTxvevaSiAanalogiuri ornamentiT Semkul samajurebTan erTian garniturs Seadgens. saxvadasxva liTonisagan damzadebuli sakisre rkalebi dadasturebulia vanis (samarxebi ##2, 6, 4, 12, 16, 22), modinaxes (sam. #2), sairxis (sam. #8), Sromisubnis (sam. #2), iTxvisis (sam. ##1, 2, 3, 4), taxtiZiris (sam. ##3, 7, 12, 20, 38 dafnaris (sam. #21), dablagomis (sam. #3), axalgoris ganZis, fiWvnaris elinisturi xanis samarovnis (sam. #27), lafanyuris, axalgoris, samadlos, oCamCiris adreelinisturi xanis da sxva Zeglebis masalebSi. gansaxilvel masalaSi gamoiyo sami ZiriTadi jgufi. pirveli jgufi Seadgina ornamentirebulma sakisre rkalebma. am rigis nivTebi Tavis mxriv dajgufda or qvejgufad Sesabamisi tipebiTa da variantebiT.Ppirvel qvejgufSi movaTavseT sakisre rkalebi, romelTac boloebze cxovelebis gamosaxulebebi aqvs. sakisre rkalebis klasifikaciaSi viyenebT imave aRniSvnebs, rac samajurebis SemTxvevaSi, mxolod numeracias win uZRvis laTinuri t (torque).

35

jgufi pirveli: t.I.1.1.00 (sur. 156). lafanyuris brinjaos mrgvalganivkveTiani sakisre rkalis Reros boloebze moTavsebuli cxovelis Tavebis gamosaxulebebi ganekuTvneba zurgze yurebgadawyobli cxovelis gamosaxulebebis ricxvs, romelTa ZiriTad saklasifikacio niSans warmoadgens Cvens mier gamoyofili reliefuri Tavebis mimdebare mogrZo marTkuTxedi, romelic mocemul SemTxvevaSi dabrtyelebulia. gamosaxulebas Tan axlavs texilxazovani ornamentis ramdenime rigi, romelic beSTaSenis samarovnis #18 da #27 samarxebis brinjaos samajurebis gravirebuli dekoris identuria [menabde, davlianiZe 1968: 125, 129 tab. XII,381; XIII,440]. am TvalsazrisiT, samajurebis es tipi, Cveni azriT, ar scildeba q.w. IV s-is farglebs, xolo rac Seexeba mocemuli tipis sakisre rkals, masze gamosaxuli cxovelis Tavs axasiaTebs Tavis mimdebare dabrtyelebuli monakveTi, rac garkveulwilad aaxloebs maT q.w. V s-is masalebTan (brinjaos samajurebi kamaraxevis samarovnis ##153, 77, 50 samarxebidan [jRarkava 1980, sur. 1001, 1204, 1482, 1483]. amdenad, arsebobs safuZveli am tipis sakisre rkali daTariRdes q.w. V s-is boloTi da IV s-is dasawyisiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 102]. t.I.1.2.00 (sur. 157). brinjaos sakisre rkalze oCamCiris borcvis namosaxlaris antikuri xanis fenidan [Куфтин: 49, tab. 73,1] did msgavsebas avlens gamosaxulebebTan e. w. drakonisTavebian brinjaos samajurebze Tavisi mkveTrad gamokveTili drunCiTa da oTxwaxnaga TaviT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 62]. oCamCiruli sakisre rkalis gamosaxulebebis e.w. drakonisTavebiani samajurebis gamosaxulebebTan siaxlovis safuZvelze misi asaki unda ganisazRvros q.w. IV s-is meore naxevriT. aRsaniSnavia, rom masTan erTad aRmoCnda oqros sakidi frinvelebis wyviladi granulirebuli gamosaxulebiT [Куфтин 1949: tab. 73,4], romelTa uaxloesi analogiebi warmodgenilia vanis #9 samarxis oqros mxedrebiani diademis gamosaxulebebis zurgs ukan moTavsebul detalebze [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972: 203, sur. 166] samarxi saimedodaa daTariRebuli q.w. IV s-is mesame meoTxediT. amgvarad, mocemuli tipis sakisre rkalis TariRi unda ganisazRvros IV s meore naxevris farglebSi. t.I.1.3.00. vanis #4 samarxis oqros sakisre rkalis boloebze moTavsebuli gamosaxulebebi fafriani cxovelebis rigs miekuTvneba. gadmocemulia talRovani reliefuri xazebiTa da sigrZivi Raris saSualebiT da amgvaradve dekorirebul wyvil samajurTan erT kompleqts Seadgens [lorTqifaniZe, fuTuriZe 1972: 8]. am nivTebis TariRi q.w. III s-iT unda ganisazRvros. mis Tanmxleb kompleqsSi Sedis oqrofenili mZivebi, moZravad Sekiduli margalitiani sakidi da tvifruli sakereblebi, romelTa analogiebi dadasturebiulia dablagomis mdidrul samarxSi (q.w. III s dasawyisi) [Tolordava 1976: 76, sur. 97]. meore qvejgufi Seadgina burcobebiT Semkulma sakisre rkalebma. pirvel tipSi moTavsda salteebs Soris moqceuli burcobebiT Semkuli sakisre rkalebi. am ornamentis Sesaxeb Cven ukve visaubreT meore jgufis samajurebis ganxilvisas. amgvarad dekorirebul sakisre rkalebSi ori varianti gamoiyo. pirveli variantis rkalebs kauWiseburi Sesakravebi aqvs, xolo burcobebiani ornamenti Reroze simetriulad, Sesakravisagan odnav moSorebiT aqvs ganlagebuli da elifsoiduradaa Semsxvilebuli. meore varianti rkalgaxsnilia da burcobebiani ornamenti rkalis boloebze aqvs moTavsebuli. rogorc gairkva, dekoris ganlagebas garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs am samkaulis daTariRebisaTvis. ornamentis siluetis mixedviT am saxis burcobebiani ornamentiT Semkul samkaulSi sami tipi gamoiyo. rogorc aRvniSneT, isini xSirad erTiani garnituris saxiTaa warmodgenili. esaa elifsoiduri, Tanabari zomis da konusurad gafarToebuli formis moxazuloba. sakisre rkalebis tipologiuri klasifikaciis meore jgufis pirvel qvejgufSi gaerTianda elifsoidurornamentiani sakisre rkalebi da maT Seesabameba amave formis dekoriT Semkuli samajurebi (iTxvisis #2, Sromisubnis #2, vanis #22 samarxebidan). am siluetis mixedviT xerxdeba calke qronologiuri jgufis gamoyofa, miT ufro, rom am moxazulobis ornamentis mqone gvergvebi da samajurebi zemoxsenebul samarxebSi erT kompleqts Seadgenda. Sesakraviani gvergvebis Semcvel kompleqsebSi q.w. Vs-iT mxolod modinaxes adreantikuri samarovnis #3 samarxis gvergvia daTariRebuli [nadiraZe 1975: 35]. marTlac, unda aRiniSnos, rom am samarxSi warmodgenili keramikuli formebi (bikonusurmucliani doqebi, jami, mcire zomis xelada) adreantikuri xanis formebs uaxlovdeba, Tumca maT Soris gamoirCeva erTi patara msxliseburtaniani doqi [nadiraZe, XI, 10]. am formis WurWlis arsebobis faqti am kompleqsSi metad niSandoblivia da misi qronologiis Semdgomi dazustebisaTvis garkveul safuZvels qmnis, radgan

36

amgvari formis WurWeli ZiriTadad q.w. IV s-is kompleqsebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. Tumca am kompleqsSi q.w. V s-is damaxasiaTebeli formebis dominirebis gamo migvaCnia, rom am samarxis zeda qronologiur sazRvrad q.w. IV s-is dasawyisi unda CaiTvalos. am ornamentiT Semkuli nivTebis adreul jgufs miekuTvneba aseve Sromisubnis #2 samarxis nivTebic. am kompleqsis kuTvnili oqros naxevarmTvariseburi sayureebi msgavsebas avlens vanis N#6 samarxis Sesabamis samkaulTan [Wyonia 1976, tab7, 15). garkveuli msgavseba SeiniSneba iTxvisis #2 samrxTanac. amdenad, Sromisubnis mdidruli samarxis TariRi unda ganisazRvros q.w. IV s pirveli naxevriT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 79]. q.w. IV saukunis pirveli naxevris dasasruliTaa gansazRvruli iTxvisis samarovnis samarxi #2 [gagoSiZe, gogiberiZe 2010: 51] misi inventaris vanis #9 samarxis inventarTan siaxlovis safuZvlze [gagoSiZe 1976: 8]. vanis #2 samarxis TariRi gasazRvrulia q.w. III s. [xoStaria 1979: 89]. Cveni azriT, am kompleqsis q.w. IV s. Sua xanebze ufro gviani xaniT daTariReba aramarTebulia. am samarxSi aRmoCenili samajurebi Tavisi formiT arqaulia da xasiaTdeba swori an ovaluri zurgiT da Tanabari masiuri ReroTi. aqvea waxnagovanReroiani bologaxvretili sayure rgolebi, romelTa analogebi moiZebna modinaxes #3 [nadiraZe 1975: 29] da, sxvaTa Soris, vanis #22 samarxSi, xolo rac Seexeba vercxlis omfalosian Tass cxovelTa gamosaxulebebiT, am nivTis asaki gansazvrulia q.w. III s. pirveli naxevriT [maTiaSvili 1977: 106]. Cveni dakvirvebiT, am kompleqsis kuTvnili arc erTi nivTi ar SeiZleba daTariRdes III s-iT, xolo samkaulis mTeli kompleqsi aSkrad ixreba q.w. IV s. Sua xanebisaken [Гогиберидзе 2003: 80]. sairxis #8 samarxis TariRad dadgenilia q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevari [maxaraZe, wereTeli 2007: 72]. amgvarad, elifsoiduri formis burcobebiani ornamentiT Semkuli Sesakraviani yvela sakisre rkali iTxvisisa da Sromisubnis samajurebTan erTad moTavsda q.w. IV s-is pirveli naxevrisa da amave saukunis Sua xanebis farglebSi. gamonakliss mxolod vanis #22 samarxi warmoadgens, romlis TariRi q.w. IV s-is meore naxevrisa da III s-is dasawyisiTaa gansazRvruli [kaWarava, xarabaZe 2018: 36; tab. XII, XIII]. zeda qronlogiuri sazRvaris TariRis ganmsazRvrelad oqros wvrili samkaulia miTiTebuli, Tumca zemoxsenebuli Sesakraviani gvergvebis da amave ornamentiT Semkuli samajurebisa da fibulis Semcveli yvela paraleli meoTxe saukunis Sua xanebs ar scildeba. xolo rac Seexeba vanis samarxis wvril nivTebs, kerZod, oqros girCebs, marTalia maTi axlo analogiebi dadasturebulia herakles kvanZiT Semkul oqros samkaulze, romlebic SemTxveviTi monapovaria da ucxouri analogebis mixedviT q.w. III-II ss. daTariRebuli [Wyonia 1981: 113. kat. #77-78], SesaZloa, amgvari girCebis gavrcelebis xana meoTxe saukunidan iwyeba. msgavsi girCebi dadasturebulia samadlos mdidrul samarxSi (q.w. IIIs. dasawyisi) [Гагошидзе 1981: 70, tab.

LXII], Tumca masSi aRmoCenili fasargadis ganZis analogiuri nivTebis safuZvelze samarxis TariRi ar unda scildebodes q.w. IV s. farglebs [gogiberiZe 2008: 8].

Cvens klasifikaciaSi zemoxsenebuli dekoriT Semkuli samajurebi gaerTianda II jgufSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom samajurebzec, sakisre rkalebis msgavsad, ornamenti elifss qmnis, am SemTxvevaSi boloebisaken gafarToebuls, rac saklasifikacio niSnad miviCnieT. amgvari siluetis dekoriT Semkuli samajurebic Tavsdeba q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevrisa da Sua xanebis farglebSi (ix. samajurebis qvejgufi II.1.1.00 Sesabamisi tipebiTa da variantebiT). saintereso Sedegi mogvca Sesakraviani burcobebiani gvergvebis gavrcelebis arealis kvlevam. amgvarebi dadasturebulia imereTis Zeglebze (modinaxes samarovnis samarxi #3, iTxvisis samarovnis samarxi #2 Sesabamis samajurebTan erTad, sairxis samarovnis samarxi #8, vanis samarxi #2 da mdidruli samarxi #22), raWaSi (Sromisubnis samarxi #2, aseve samajurebTan erTad), Sida qarTlSi (qlivanis samarovanze slanovis mier samecniero sesiaze mowodebuli informaciis mixedviT). amave tipis variantebs miekuTvneba guadixus ufrosi jgufi #11 samarxis vercxlis gvergvi, romlis ovaluri Semsxvileba maxvilkuTxa naWdevebiTaa Semkuli [Трапш: 1970: с.31, таб. 3,5; Гогиберидзе 2003. с.71], vanis #16 samarxis vercxlis gvergvi ovalze xSiri texilxazovani ornamentiT [kaWarava, mJavanaZe 1986. tab. 11,5; Гогиберидзе 2003: 71,sur. 161 a] da misi zusti analogia gvergvi taxtiZiris samarovnis #13 samarxidan. vanis #16 samarxi moTavsebulia q.w. IV s. meore naxevrisa da III s. dasawyisis Zeglebis ricxvSi, Tumca migvaCnia, rom yvela zemoCamoTvlili Zeglis TariRi Tavsdeba q.w. IV s-is farglebSi, ufro zustad, mis pirveli naxevrisa da Sua xanebSi [Гогиберидзе 2003: 73]. ovaluri, dakeWnili burcobiT Semkuli Sesakraviani gvergvi dadasturebulia agreTve fiWvnarSi q.w. IV-III ss masalebSi [kaxiZe, vaSakiZe 2010, sur.76]

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am ornamentiT Semkuli Sesakraviani gvergvebis gavrcelebis areali Semoifargla zemo imereTis da Sida qarTlis teritoriiT. TiTo Sesakraviani uburcobo, gvergvi aRmoCnda afxazeTSi da aWaraSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom iseve, rogorc kolxur diademebs, burcobebian Sesakravian gvergvebs ar eZebnebaT paralelebi dasaxelebuli sazRvrebis gareT. maTi aRmoCenis arc erTi faqti ar dadasturebula qvemo qarTlSi mdidrul samarxebSic ki. amave ornamentiT Seemkuli sakisre rkalebis pirveli tipis meore varianti Seadgina uSesakravo yelsabamebma, romelTac ornamenti boloebze aqvs moTavsebuli. igi an Tanabari, an boloebisaken gafarToebuli formisaa da rig SemTxvevebSi erT kompleqts Seadgens amgvaradve Semkul samajurebTan (mag. vanis #16 samarxi). am kategoriis nivTebs miekuTvneba oqros sakisre rkali axalgoris ganZidan [Смирнов 1934, tab, I] da amgvaradve Semkuli brinjaos rkali axalgoridan (sur.

162). orive SemTxvevaSi waxnagovani Reros boloebze moTavsebulia wyvil salteebSi moqceuli samsami daRaruli burcobi, romelTac mosdevs texili xazebis ramdenime rigi. or-ori burcobi, Tanmxlebi ornamentis garSe, amkobs brinjaos sakisre rkals samadlodan (sur. 163) [Гагошидзе 1981, tab.LXI, sur. 28] erTi Semsxvileba aqvs axalgoris ganZis erT-erT oqros sakisre rkals.

Tanabari zomis ornamenti amkobs vanis #2 samarxSi aRmoCenil vercxlis masiur Rerodawaxnagebul samajurebs irgvliv salteebs Soris moqceuli wyvil-wyvili sada burcobebiT. ornamenti Tanabari zomisaa. aseTive silueti axasiaTebs brinjaos Rerodawaxnagebul sakisre rkals axalgoridan (1910w.) orive Zeglis TariRi q.w. IV s-is Sua xanebiTaa gansazRvruli. samadlos mdidruli samarxis Tanabarornamentiani vercxlis sakisre rkalis Tanmxlebi kompleqsi aseve q.w. IV s. farglebSia daTariRebuli [gogiberiZe 2008:8] ufro zustad ki amave saukunis mesame meoTxediT. amdenad, Tanabari zomis ornamentis TariRi mocemuli qronologiuri monakveTiT unda ganisazRvros. amave qronologiur jgufSi Tavsdeba Tanabarornamentiani fibulebi yazbegis samarovnidan [Гогиберидзе 2003: 80]. samajurebis ganxilvisas calke jgufi Seadgina burcobebiT Semkulma samajurebma TandaTan Semsxvilebuli boloebiT, romlis qronologiuri CarCoebi Cvens mier gansazRvruli iyo q.w. IV sis mesame meoTxediT dawyebuliAN (vanis #9 samarxSi aRmoCenili vercxlis samajuris safuZvelze. sur. 108) q.w. III Sua xanebamde. Tumca axladaRmoCenilma masalebma gvaiZula mivbrunebodiT am nivTebis qronologiis sakiTxebs da garkveuli koreqtivebi Segvetana maT daTariRebaSi. axali aRmoCenebis Suqze mocemul jgufSi gamoikveTa ori tipologiuri qvejgufi, romlebic siluetis mxriv sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. pirveli tipisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Tanabari zomis Rero TandaTan Semsxvilebuli boloebiT. vercxlis TanabarReroiani samajuri boloebze moTavsebuli or-ori daRaruli burcobiT sairxis #10 samarxidan, romelic misi inventaris adreantikuri xanis masalebTan siaxlovis safuZvelze daTariRebulia q.w. IVs Sua xanebiT [nadiraZe 1990: 87, tab. XLI, 1]. amgvar daTariRebas Cvenc viziarebT. sxvagvaradaa saqme vanis #16 da #12 samarxebis TariRebTan dakavSirebiT. maTgan pirvelSi aRmoCenilia vercxlis xuTi TanabarReroiani samajuri boloebisaken odnav gafarToebuli burcobebiani ornamentiT. am egzemplarebisaTvis aseve damaxasiaTebelia gverdebSi ganziduli, TiTqos ori naxevarwrisagan Sedgenili silueti. amgvari moxazuloba damaxasiaTebelia vanis #6 samarxis oqros cxovelisTavebiani (sur. a, b, c, d), sairxis akldamis (sur. I) da iTxvisis #4 samarxis samajurebisaTvis. yvela zemoxsenebuli kompleqsi daTariRebulia q.w. IV s dasawyisisa da Sua xanebis farglebSi. igive forma dominirebs vanis #16 samarxis samajurebSi. amasTan, maT Soris gvxvdeba ovalurzurgiani calebi. aqvea faiansis amuleti, romlis analogi momdinareobs pantikapeonis q.w. IVs. meore naxevriT daTariRebuli kompleqsidan [kaWarava, mJavanaZe 1986: 21]. sayuradReboa, rom aRniSnul samajurebTan erTad samarxSi dadasturebulia vercxlis Sesakraviani, elifsoiduri formis dekoriT Semkuli sakisre rkali, romelic texilxazovani ornamentiTaa Sevsebuli, texili xazi ki, rogorc aRvniSneT, am ornamentis erT-erTi Tanmxlebi elementia. tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT igi miekuTvneba sakisre rkalebis im jgufs (I.2.1.01 b. sur. 161), romlis TariRi Tavsdeba q.w. IV s. Sua xanebis farglebSi. erTaderTi saeWvo nivTia am TvalsazrisiT aratipiuri amfora, romlis TariRi q.w. III s-Taa gansazRvruli, da swored Tavisi atipiurobis gamo ver gamodgeba qronologiur sayrdenad. migvaCnia, rom vanis #16 samarxis TariRi IV s. Sua xanebiT unda ganisazRvros Гогиберидзе 2003: 82]. am kompleqsis samajurebTan aSkara tipologiur siaxloes avlens brinjaos sakisre rkalebi vanis #12 samarxidan. Tavis droze skmarisi monacemebis uqonlobis gamo Cven gaviziareT mkvlevarebis mier am kompleqsisaTvis SemoTavazebuli TariRi – q.w. III s Sua xanebi [kaWarava,

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lorTqifaniZe 1979: 27], Tumca axali aRmoCenebis Suqze saWirod migvaCnia am sakiTxis gadaxedva da vTvliT, rom am kompleqsis IV s farglebs gareT gatana safuZvels moklebulia. #12 samarxis samive sakisre rkali Tanabari zomisaa da mTavrdeba sustad gamoxatuli SemsxvilebebiT Semkuli boloebiT. siluetiT isini msgavsia vanis #16 da sairxis #10 samarxebis vercxlis samajurebisa. rkalebi masiuria. dekors mosdevs texilxazovani ornamenti. am TvalsazrisiT SeiniSneba msgavseba axalgoris 1910 w aRmoCenil brinjaos Tanabari zomis ornamentian sakisre rkalTan (sur. 162) da vanis #2 samarxis vercxlis samajurTan, romelTa TariRi Cvens mier IV s Sua xanebiTaa gansazRvruli. am samarxis yvela danarCeni samkaulic IV s farglebSi Tavsdeba, keramikuli masala ki Tavisi aratipiurobis gamo [kaWarava, lorTqifaniZe 1979:26) damaTariRebel faqtorad ver gamodgeba. moyvanili analogiebi saSualebas gvaZlevs vanis #12 samarxis brinjaos sakisre rkalebi mivakuTvnoT IV s. Sua xanebis samkaulis jgufs, xolo TviT samarxis TariRi ganisazRvros araugvianes amave saukunis meore naxevrisa [Гогиберидзе 2003: 83]. salteebs Soris moTavsebuli burcobebiT Semkuli samkaulis SedarebiT ufro axalgzrda jgufi Seadgina nivTebma, romelTa Rero zurgidan TandaTan msxvildeba dekorirebuli boloebisaken. amgvari silueti axasiaTebs vanis #9 samarxis vercxlis burcobebian samajursa (sur. 108) da axalgoris ganZis oqros samburcobian sakisre rkals (sur. 164). vanis #9 samarxis TariRi masSi filipe II makedonelis stateris aRmoCenis safuZvelze saimedodaa gansazRvruli IV s mesame meoTxediT [lorTqifqniZe, fuTuriZeE1972: 203]. axalgoris ganZis TariRi mkvlevarTa Soris xangrZlivi msjelobis sagani gaxda [Смирнов 1934, Куфтин 1941, gagoSiZe 1964, lorTqifaniZe 1968; gogiberiZe 1986; gagoSiZe 1981, gogiberiZe 1996; Гогиберидзе 2003, lorTqifaniZe 2003, da sxv.] da sabolood am Zeglis TariRi amJamad Semoifargala q.w. IV s. bolosa da III s. dasawyisis qronologiur CarCoebSi. axalgoris ganZis masalebis ganxilvisas Cveni yuradreba miiqcia lomisTavebianma yelsabamma samwiladi sakidebiT [Смирнов 1934: tab. 11,5]. am sakidebis msgavsi nivTebi dadasturebulia dablagomis mdidrul samarxSi, romelic berZnuli da adgilobrivi keramikis safuZvelze saimedodaa daTariRebuli q.w. III s-iT [Tolodava 1976: 76]. sruliad identuria da erTi StampiT damzadebulsa hgavs kvadratuli formis firfitovani sakereblebi ormagi lotosis tvifruli gamosaxulebiT. orive kompleqsSi gvxvdeba brinjaos sarke. aRsaniSnavia aseve dablagomis mdidruli samarxis farakiani beWdis msgavseba axalgoruli tipis beWdebTan [Tolodava 1976: tab. 30, 29; 112, 70; sur. 94]. amgvarad, gamovlinda mTeli rigi msgavsi elementebi am or kompless Soris, rac axalgoris ganZis gaaxalgazrdavebis safuZvels iZleva. aRsaniSnavia agreTve axalgoris ganZis masalebis msgavseba winwyarosa da yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxebis inventarTan. am sami Zeglis qronologiuri siaxloe arerTgzis aRniSnula mkvlevarTa mier [lorTqifaniZe 1968: 15; gagoSiZe 1964: 69; davlianiZe 1976: 145, lorTqifaniZe 2003: 40, gogiberiZe 1986: 164-165, Гогиберидзе 2003: 61]. c.davlianiZis azriT, maT Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebi mcire qronologiuri sxvaobis Sedegia [davlianiZe 1976: 147]. winwyaros masalis vanis #9, iTxvisis #2, yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxebisa da axalgoris ganZis invntaris msgasebis fonze yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxis TariRad migvaCnia q.w. IV s.

CamoTvlil kompleqsebSi yvelaze adreulad vanis #9 samarxi gamoiyureba (iTxvisis #2 samarxis gamoklebiT, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, cotaTi win uswrebs mas). rac Seexeba iTxvisis @#2 samarxs, zemoT Cven ukve SevexeT misi inventaris vanis #9 samarxTan siaxloes. orive kompleqsis saerTo niSnebs emateba kidev erTi nivTi – Wdeuli solaruli ornamentiT Semkuli vercxlis fibula, romlis ornamenti identuria i. gagoSiZis mier kaparWis Semamkobel firfitebad miCneul vercxlis firfitebis ornamentisa. am kompleqsebis masalis Sedarebam gviCvena, rom garkveuli msgavsebis miuxedavad, maT Soris gansxvaveba imdenad TvalsaCinoa, rom garkveuli qronologiuri wyvetilis arsebobaze unda miuTiTebdes. amgvarad samive ganxiluli kompleqsi (winwyros, yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxebi da axalgoris ganZi) vanis #9 samarxze ufro axalgazrdad gamoiyureba da q.w. IV s. bolosa da III s. farglebSi unda daTariRdes. winwyarosa da yanCaeTis kompleqsebi odnav win uswrebs axalgoris ganZs da q.w.

IV s. bolo meoTxeds Seesabameba. axalgoris ganZis TariRi ki am kompleqsis dablagomis mdidruli samarxis masalasTan siaxlovis safuZvelze IV-III ss. mijniT, an III s. dasawyisiT unda ganisazRvros [gogiberiZe 1986:.165; Гогиберидзе 2003: 86]. erTburcobiani, bolosaken TandaTan konusurad Semsxvilebuli Rero axasiaTebs axlgoris ganZis kidev erT sakisre rkals. aseve erTi burcobi aqvs brinjaos analogiur nivTs dafnaridan

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(sur. 166-167). amgvarad, salteebs Soris moqceuli burcbebiT Semkuli konusuri siluetis mqone samajurebi da sakisre rkalebi Tavsdeba q.w. IVs. meore meoTxedisa da III s. dasawyisis farglebSi, romelTa Soris uadresi sairxis #10 samarxis vercxlis gverdebganziduli zurgSedrekili samajuria [maxaraZe, wereTeli: 77, 80. foto 123]. rac Seexeba brinjaos sakinZebsa da ilarebs, msgavsi ornamentiT Semkuli sakinZebis gavrcelebis qronologiuri diapazoni meryeobs q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevrisa [gogiberiZe 2008: 7] da amave saukunis bolos farglebSi (algeTi, winandali). siluetis mixedviT salteebs Soris moqceuli burcobebiT Semkuli samkauli sam ZirTad qronologiur jgufad dalagda. jgufi I. ovaluri silueti: qvejgufi 1: kolxuri diademebi da fibulebi – q.w. V sSua xanebi – IV s. dasawyisi (vanis #11 da #6 samarxebi). qvejgufi 2: ovalurornamentiani Sesakraviani sakisre rkalebi da samajurebi - q.w. IV s dasawyisi da amave saukunis Sua xanebi (modinaxes #3, Sromisubnis #2, iTxvisis #2, vanis #2, sairxis #10 samarxebi). jgufi II: Tanabari silueti: vanis #2, #16, axalgoris brinjaos sakisre rkali (1910w.) da SesaZloa, yazbegis samarovnis brinjaos fibulebi - IV s. Sua xanebi. jgufi III: qvejgufi 1. Tanabari zomis Rero da konusurad Semsxvilebuli boloebi - vercxlis samajuri sairxis #10 samarxidan, vercxlis samajurebi vanis #16 samarxidan da brinjaos sakisre rkalebi vanis #12 samarxidan – q.w. IVs. pirveli naxevari da Sua xanebi. qvejgufi 2. zurgidan boloebisaken konusurad gaSlili siluti - vercxlis samajuri vanis #9 samarxidan, oqros sakisre rkalebi axalgoris ganZidan, brinjaos sakisre rkali dafnaridan - q.w. IV s meore naxevari III s. dasawyisi. wina TavSi Cven ganvixileT am ornamentiT Semkuli samajurebis jgufi. amjerad ganvixilavT analogiurad dekorirebul sakisre rkalebs, romelTa Sesaxeb zemoT gvqonda saubari. t.I.2.1.01 (sur. 158-160). Sesakraviani gvergvebis TariRi Semoifargla q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevriTa da amave s-is Sua xanebiT. t.I.2.1.01 a (sur.161). amave kategorias miekuTvneba guadixus ufrosi jgufis samarovnis #11 samarxis vercxlis Sesakraviani sakisre rkali. ornamentis mxriv garkveuli gansxvavebebis miuxedavad igi formiT imdenad hgavs wina variants, rom maT Soris mWidro kavSiris arseboba eWvs ar iwvevs. guadixus #11 samrxis sakisre rkalis TariRi ganisazRvra q.w. IV s. [Кигурадзе 1974: 54]. Cveni azriT, am TarRis Semdgomi dazustebaa SesaZlebeli. brinjaos masiuri mrgvalganivkveTiani samajuri am kompleqsidan savsebiT identuria amave samarovnis #12 samarxis brinjaos samajurisa [Трапш 1970: 33], romelic aRmoCnda msxliseburi formis Tixis doqTan erTad [Трапш 1970: tab. 1,2,]. guadixus #11 samarxis inventarSi Sedis brinjaos kasriseburi mZivebi, romelTac paralelebi eZebnebaT q.w. IV s.

Sua xanebis masalebSi, amdenad, migvaCnia, rom guadixus #11 samarxisa da Sesabamisad, sakisre rkalis TariRi q.w. IV s Sua xanebiT unda Semoifarglos [Гогиберидзе 2003: 103]. t.I.2.1.01, b (sur. 161, b). vercxlis Sesakraviani sakisre rkali xasiaTdeba ovaluri formis SemsxvilebiT, romlebic texilxazovani ornamentiTaa Sevsebuli. Cven ukve gvqonda saubari vanis #16 samarxis TariRze, romelic ganvsazRvreT araugvianes q.w. IV s meore naxevriT. rac Seexeba sakuTriv mocemul sakisre rkals, tipologiurad igi Seesabameba I.1.1.01 variantis sakisre rkalebs, romelTa ZiriTadi gavrcelebis xanad IV s. Sua xanebi miviCnieT [Гогиберидзе 2003; 103]. aseTive Sesakraვiani monakveTiT aRmoCnda gaTxril #13 samarxSi, masalis safuZvelze q.w.

WaniSvili 2010: 81].

vercxlis sakisre rkali texilxazovani ornamentiთ Seვsebuli ori taxtiZiris adreelinisturi xanis samarovnis #8 samarxis farTobSi romlis TariRi berZnuli Savlakiani kanTarosisa da sxva Tanmxlebi IV s. meore naxevriT ganisazRvra [gagoSiZe 2019: 47, sur. 126; (xelnaweri);

t.I.2.1.02 (sur. 162,163) am variantSi gaerTianda boloebze salteebს Soris moqceuli burcobebiT Semkuli gaxsnili sakisre rkalebi. ornamenti Tanabari zomisaa. aseTebi dadasturebulia masalebSi axalgoridan (1910w) da samadlodan [Гагошидзе 1981, tab. XI]. axalgoruli cali samburcobiania da waxnagovan Reroze texilxazovani ornamentis ori rigi aqvs datanili. samadlouri gvergvi mrgvalganivkveTiania da damatebiTi dekori ar axlavs. Tanabari dekoriT Semkuli samkaulis TariRebze Cven ukve gvqonda saubari da maTi TariRi IV s. Sua xanebiT SemoisazRvra. t.I.2.1.02 a (sur. 164,165) amave variantis qvetipSi gamoiyo igive ornamentiT Semkuli konusurad daboloebuli sakisre rkalebi, romlebmac ori qvejgufi Seadgina: pirvel qvejgufSi moTavsda sakisre rkalebi, romelTac axasiaTebs Tanabari zomis Rero da konusurad Semsxvilebuli

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boloebi. esaa brinjaos sakisre rkalebi vanis #12 samarxidan - q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevari da Sua xanebi. t.I.2.1.02 b (166, 167) meore qvejgufis sakisre rkalebs axasiaTebs zurgidan boloebisaken TandaTan Semsxvilebuli silueti. aseTebia oqros sakisre rkalebi axalgoris ganZidan da brinjaos sakisre rkali dafnaridan – q.w. IVs meore naxevari - III s. dasawyisi. t.I.2.2.00 (sur.169) am tips miekuTvneba brinjaos sakisre rkali boloebze bikonusuri daRaruli SemsxvilebebiT vanis #12 samarxidan [kaWarava, lorTqifaniZe 1979:68, tab.105,447), romelic tipologiuri niSnebis mixedviT q.w. IV saukunis pirveli naxevrisa da amave saukunis Sua xanebis qronologiur jgufSi moTavsda, saidanac #12 samarxis sakisre rkalebi ufri IV saukunis Sua xanebs unda miekuTvnos. t.I.2.3.00 (sur. 168) dablagomis #3 qvevrsamarxis sakisre rkalis boloebi ramdenime burcobiTaa Semkuli [Куфтин 1950:10,1] da tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT siaxloes avlens Reroze Svid da xuTburcobian brinjaos samajurebTan, da Tumca amgvarebi am samrxSi ar aRmoCenila, kompleqsSi Sedis erTburcobiani samajurebi. rogorc aRvniSneT, burTuliseburad Semsxvilebuli boloebi (sur.120) axasiaTebs am jgufis samajurebis adreul variantebs da daTariRebulia q.w. III s dasawyisiT. aRniSnuli msgavsebis gamo mocemuli variantis sakisre rkali SeiZleba daTariRdes amave qronologiuri monakveTiT [Гогиберидзе 2003: 104]. t.I.2.4.00 (sur. 170) vercxlis sakisre rkali fiWvnaris #27 samarxidan [kaxiZe, vaSakiZe 1977:27, tabXIII,7] msgavsebas avlens

vanis #12 samarxis sakisre rkalebTan im gansxvavebiთ, rom mas ara

aqvs burcobi da ტexilxazovani ornamenti. masTan erTad aRmoCenilia brinjaos samajurebi Reroze prizmuli formis SemsxvilebebiT, romelTa TariRi q.w. IV-III ss-Taa gansazRvruli [Tolordava 1980: 18]. amave qronologiur monakveTSi Tavsdeba samarxSi aRmoCenili minis amforiskiseburi sakidebi [Алексеева 1978, tab. 18]. Tixis amforiski amave kompleqsidan miekuTvneba q.w. IV s. boloTi da III s. pirveli naxevriT daTariRebuli nivTebis jgufs [Tolordava 1976: 55, sur. 77]. amgvarad, am variantis sakisre rkalis TariRi SeiZleba ganisazRvros IV s. bolosa da III s dasawyisiT. sakisre rkalebis meore jgufSi gaerTianda grexilReroiani rkalebi, romelTa Soris gairCeva sami ZiriTadi tipi. t.II.0.1.00 (sur. 171). es tipi warmodgenilia oqros brtyeli Reros dagrexviT miRebuli sakisre rkaliT boloebze kauWiseburi SesakraviT axalgoris ganZidan [Смирнов 1934, tab. 1]. misi uaxloesi analogiebi momdinareobs jraratidan da daTariRebulia V-IV ss-iT [Мнацаканян, Тирацян 1961, sur.

72,78]. Soreuli paralelis saxiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos oqros sakisre rkali Certomlikis yorRanis meoTxe meetlis samarxidan, romelic q.w. IV s-Taa daTariRebuli. axalgorulis msgavsad, es nivTic Txeli firfitis dagrexviTaa damzadebuli, Tumca gansxvavebaa boloebis damzadebaSi. Certomlikis sakisre rkalis boloebi spiraluradaa daxveuli da dekoratiuli daniSnuleba aqvs [Петренко 1978: 24, tab. 29, 1]., maSin, rodesac axalgoruli calis boloebi kauWisebur Sesakravs warmoadgens iseve, rogorc kolxur diademebsa (q.w.V-IV s. dasawyisi) da I.2.1.01 variantis sakisre rkalebze (q.w. IV s. dasawyisi da amave saukunis Sua xanebi). aRsaniSnavia, rom axalgoruli grexilReroiani sakisre rkalis analogebi ar gvxvdeba drois am monkveTis masalebSi, xolo ramdenadac axalgoris ganZis TariRi Semoifargla IV s. boloTi da III s. dasawyisiT, am sakisre rkalis asakic amave periodiT unda ganisazRvros. t.II.0.2.00 (sur.

172) am variantSi gaerTianda gvergvebi, romelTa rkalebi miRebulia oTxwaxnagaganivkveTiani Reros dagrexviT. isini aRmoCnda dafnaris samarovnis #7 (q.w. IV s) da #21 (q.w. III s) qvevrsamarxebSi [Кигурадзе 1967: 20, 29], aseve taxtiZiris samarovnis #3 (q.w. IV-III s. dasawyisi), #7 (q.w. IVs. dasasruli) da #20 (q.w. IV s mesame meoTxedi) samarxebSi [gagoSiZe 2020: 63, 82, 151 (xelnaweri)]. amgvarad, am variantis TariRi SeiZleba ganisazRvros IV s. meore naxeevrisa da III s. dasawyisis farglebSi. t.II.0.3.00. brinjaos sakisre rkali dablagomis samarovnis #4 samarxidan (III s dasawyisi) [Куфтин 1950, tab.6] damzadebulia mrgvalReroian mavTulze Txeli firfitis daxvevis gziT. asevea damzadebuli samadlos vercxlis Sesakraviani sakisre rkali [Гагошидзе 1977, sur. 27]. am variantis sakisre rkalebis TariRi q.w. IV s-is bolosa da III s. dasawyisis farglebSi Tavsdeba.

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t.III.0.1.00. vanis #6 samarxis oqros uornamento, Tanabari sisqis mavTulisagan damzadebuli boloebCamoWrili sakisre rkali Sesabamisi kompleqsis TariRis safuZvelze TariRdeba q.w. IV saukunis dasawyisiT [fuTuriZe, xoStaria 1972: 114; Лордкипанидзе 1979: 62; Гогиберидзе 2003: 7]. t.III.0.2.00 (sur. 173). es tipi warmodgenilia brinjaos kauWisebur Sesakraviani, mrgalganivkveTiani sakisre rkaliT kamaraxevis samarovnis # 41 samarxidan [jRarkava 1982: 155, sur. 1088]. tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT igi uaxlovdeba Sesakraviani sakisre rkalebis jgufs da misi TariRi aseve q.w. IV s Sua xanebs unda ganekuTvnos. am TariRs ar ewinaaRmdegeba Tanmxlebi keramikuli masalac. t.III.0.3.00 (sur. 174). vercxlis sakisre rkali iTxvisis #1 samarxidan gaxsnilia, axasiaTebs Tanabari zomis waxnagovani Rero, romelic konusurad farTovdeba piramiduli formis boloebisaken. amave samarxSi aRmoCnda rkinis aseTive sakisre rkali. siluetiTa da waxnagovnebiT es nivTebi Tavsdeba Cvens mier burcobebiani, konusurad gafarToebuli sakisre rkalebisaTvis dadgenil I.2.1.02 a qvejgufSi, romelTaTvis Sesaferis TariRad q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevari da amave saukunis Sua xanebi miviCnieT (ix.zemoT). amave kategorias vakuTvnebT rkinis sakisre rkals taxtiZiris adreelinisturi samarovnis #38 samarxidan [gagoSiZe 2020: 162, kat. 413 (xelnaweri)], romlis analogi dadasturebulia nacargoris N #167 samarxSi [Hаридзе: 1997, tab. 73,6]. am ukanasknelze miJangulia minis dabalcilindruli mZivebis asxma, romlis identuri mZivebi aRmoCnda fiWvnaris q.w. V s kolxuri samarovnis ##237, 239, 249, 254 da 264 samarxebSi [kaxiZe, vikersi 2004: 19, 20, sur.

17]. Tumca taxtiZiris kompleqsSi muceldaweuli doqis aRmoCenis faqti gamoricxavs misi V saukunisaTvis mikuTvnebas da samarxis TariRs ufro IV s pirveli naxevrisaken swevs [gagoSiZe 2020: 162].

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daskvna adreantikuri da elinisturi xanis samkaulis Seswavlisas gamoikveTa rigi topologiuri niSnebi, romlebic xels uwyobs zogadi da danawevrebuli qronologiis zogierTi sakiTxis gadwyvetas. zogadi qronologiis kvlevis sferos miekuTvneba Sedegebi, romlebic mogvca farToO qronologiuri diapazonis mqone ZiriTadi tipologiuri jgufebisa da qvejgufebis kvlevam, romlebmac Tavis mxriv, xeli Seuwyo calkeuli siuJetebis qronoligiuri CarCoebis dadgenas. naSromis ZiriTadi miznis _ danawevrebuli qronologiis dadgenas emsaxureba Cveni klasifikaciis jgufebis SigniT gamoyofili tipebi da variantebi. samajurebis pirveli jgufi mTlianad eqceva q.w. V-II ss-is farglebSi. aqedan pirveli qvejgufis pirveli tipis nivTebis (boloebze cxvris Tavebis gamosaxulebebiT) Semoifargla q.w. V-IV s. dasawyisiT. ramdenadme ufro farTo qronologiuri diapazoniT xasiaTdeba amave qvejgufis meore tipi (q.w.

V-III ss). amasTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom am nivTebis umravlesoba (16 saxeoba 20-dan) q.w. IV s-ze modis da gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. mesame tipis nivTebis umravlesoba III-II ss-s ganekuTvneba da aseve mravalferovania. am rigis nivTebSi mxolod erTi TariRdeba q.w. V s-iT. ori aRmoCnda q.w. IV s-is dasawyisis da amave saukunis bolos masalebSi. mcire qronologiuri wyvetili am SemTxvevaSi aixsneba masalis ukmarisobiT. calkeuli egzemplarebi gvxvdeba q.w. III s-is kompleqsebSi da momdevno xanaSi kvlav iCens Tavs q.w. II-I ss-is mijnaze, rac garegani impulsebis arsebobaze unda mianiSnebdes. sakmaod kompaqturad gamoiyureba farTo qronologiuri diapazonis mqone jgufi (q.w. IV-I ss), romlis SemadgenlobaSi Semavali nivTebis umravlesoba q.w. IV-III saukuneebiT TariRdeba. am jgufis 20 saxeobidan mxolod ori aRwevs q.w. I s. mesame jgufis nivTebis gavrcelebis xana moicavs mTel sakvlev periods (q.w. V-I ss), amasTan am siuJetis ganviTarebaSi uwyveti xazi SeiniSneba. igive SeiZleba iTqvas meoTxe jgufis nivTebze, romlebic erTnairadaa damaxasiaTebeli mocemuli qronologiuri periodis yvela etapisaTvis. gairkva, rom q.w.

IV saukunisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia samajurebis gansakuTrebuli mravalferovneba. rogorc Cans, swored am dros mimdinareobs maTi warmoebis farTod aTvisebis procesi da formaTa mravalferovneba Ziebisa da Camoyalibebis maCvenebelia. q.w. III s-Si maRali raodenobrivi maCveneblis fonze samajurebis asortimenti mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba, rac produqciis xelosnobis doneze standartizaciaze unda miuTiTebdes. rac Seexeba sakisre rkalebs, saqarTvelos teritoriaze maTi ZiriTadi gavrcelebis xana Tavsdeba q.w. IV-III ss-is farglebSi. maTgan mxolod erTi tipologiuri erTeuli, isic, savaraudod, aRwevs q.w. II s. am samkaulis SedarebiT SezRuduli raodenoba unda miuTiTebdes maT gansakuTrebul daniSnulebaze. isini unda ganixilebodes, rogorc Taviseburi insigniebi. rogorc Cans, q.w. III s-is Semdeg qreba maTi arsebobis pirobebi da, Sesabamisad, TviT samkaulis es saxeobac [Гогиберидзе 2003: 110].

Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad dazustda mTeli rigi arqeologiuri Zeglebis qronologia: q.w. V s. Sua xanebi - beSTaSenis samarovnis samarxebi ##9, 13, 17, 26, 28, 36, MmTa iaSTxvaze gaTxrili samarxi, sanTas samarxi #2. q.w. V-1V ss. mijna - beSTaSenis samarovnis samarxebi ##18, 26; winandali. q.w. V s-is bolo - beSTaSenis samarovnis samarxebi ##39, 52, 58; kikeTis samarovnis ##1, 2 samarxebi. q.w. V s-is bolo - IV s dasawyisi - beSTaSenis samarovnis samarxi #62, kikeTis samarovnis samarxebi ## 1 da 2. q.w. IV s. dasawyisi - beSTaSenis samarovnis samarxebi #2, 58; manglisis akldama #10. q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevari - Sromisubnis samarxi #2, modinaxis samarovnis #3, sairxis samarovnis #10 samarxis samxreTi kamera. q.w. IV s. pirveli naxevari da Sua xanebi – kamaraxevis samarovnis samarxebi ##8, 66, 72, 126, 129, 147, 153, sairxis samarxi #8.

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q.w. IV s. Sua xanebi – iTxvisis samarovnis samarxebi ## 1, 2, 4; kamaraxevis samarxebi ##9, 30, 65, 146, 149, 151, gomareTis samarxebi ## 6, 10; modinaxis samarxi #6; vanis samarxebi #2, 16. q.w. IV s. meore naxevari – kamaraxevis samarovnis ##4, 24, 156, iTxvisis samarovnis #1. q.w. IV s. bolo meoTxedi – winwyaros da yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxebi q.w. IV s. bolo - III s. dasawyisi – dablagomis samarovnis samarxebi ##14, 15, 25, 27, dafnaris samarovnis ##3, 5, 28, 31, 33, Gguadixus samarovnis umcrosi jgufis samarxebi ## 8, 38, 39. axalgoris ganZi. q.w. III s. pirveli naxevari – cixiagoris mdidruli samarxi, dablagomis mdidruli samarxi. q.w. II s meore naxevari - wiTeli Suquras samarovnis umcrosi jgufis samarxi @#39. q.w. I s meore naxevari - samTavros samarovnis #227 samarxi. q.w. I s-is meore naxevari - samTavros samarovnis samarxi #227. welTaRricxvebis mijna - Sulcis mier TeTrwyaroSi gaTxrili samarxi. q.S. I s. - samTavros samarovnis samarxi #58.

Nana Gogiberidze 5th -1st CENTURY BC BRACELETS AND NECK-RINGS IN GEORGIA (SUMMARY) Large quantities of dressing objects are kept safe in the reserves of many museums. They are found in the result of lasting arcehaeologicalresearches carried out in Georgia. These are various multi-purpose pieces of adornments the study and dating of which stimulate a comprehensive reconstruction of an overall picture of social, political, cultural, and economic life of compatible with them society.

In spite of variety of forms and ornamental motifs, reproduced on the dressing objects, pieces of one of the periods are more commonly bearing numbers of characteristic features that distinguish them from the same new and even insignificant detail in either the decoration, or in the shape may easily appear as a forerunner of a new fashion, and accordingly, of new ideas, contacts and changes in the history ofthis, or that society.

One of the leading items among the Antique period grave goods unearthed in Georgia is a bracelet. A most interesting characteristic feature of this very dressing object is an exclusive diversity of its shapes and ornamentations. There are caseswhen the grave goods consist of baslets only and in situations like this they appear to be bearers of dating significance.

Many scholars of different generations had paid a special attention to the problems of typology and chronology of bracelets and wrote about them: G.D. Filimonov, V.B. Antonovich, P.Uvarova, I.Smirnov, B.Kuftin, M.Ivashchenko, N.Khoshtaria and others.

There are papers about the Antique period toreutics and goldsmithary belonging to O.Lordkipanidze,I. Gagoshidze, V. Tolordava, Ts. Davlianidze, A. Chkonia, N. Kiguradze and others.

There had been attempts to make chronological and typological schemes for separate types ofdressing objects, and for bracelets among them, and as a result therethe lower chronological limit for the latter was fixed, namely, for those with curved inwards backs. As to the bracelets of the same shape but with faceted ends, found at Samtavro, the problem of their dating is completely solved and they are considered as belonging to the 1st century BC. There are also fixed chronological scopes for some other groups of adornments.

Never the less, in spite of an increasing interest ofscholars, many aspects of the problem just mentioned are not yet explored thoroughly and still cry out for further elaboration. Even more, stratified counts unearthed during the last years prove that adornaments, so important and informative material, still need to be studied more precisely in accordance with the requirements of modern scholarship. Apart from this, there is a need for subdivided chronological scheme for this kind ofarchaeological pieces.

Among the finds already explored there has been singled out a group of imported ones but it appeared almost impossible to trace the process of their evolution on the basis of local material and the reason for it is quite clear-they were appearin gsporadically in Georgia and it seems normal to admit that they developed independently at the places of their origin. This is why the problem of chronology of local specimens has been explored against the background of foreign parallels and ascertained on the basis of contents accompaning them. I consider imported pieces as prototypes of local ones and this, on its turn, helps me to fix the time and the ways of intrusion of this or that shape or symbol in Georgia which later was acquired by local craftsmen.

The main attention of the present work is directed to the study of the dressing objects thatwere widerspread in Georgia. It is too difficult to define general features for the enormous quantity of this kind of items.

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This is why it seems normal to group them according to their forms. At the very beginning Itried to follow this principle but in the course of inverstigations it appeared that this method did not coincide with the aims of my explorations because the forms of the adornments are rather stable and not infrequently even unchanged during several centuries. Namely, the bracelets with rounded backs which were used almost always during the whole history of mankind and this is why this form cannot in any rate be considered as dating one. The same may easily be said about the bracelet with its back curved inwards because of their being current for quite a long period of time. In the course of my observations a varying thrickness of bracelet rods has yielded some particular pieces of information, namely, the rods became thinner in about the 1st century BC, while the earliest examples of such bracelets were rather thick. Beginning from the sekond half of the 4thcentury BC there appeared the ones with thin backs and widened ends (silver bracelets from the 9th burial unearthed at Vani). Later this shape had become quite common and it even appeared as a leading type among the contents of Samtavro jug and other contemporary to it sites where the bracelets differ from those of Vani with their lightness and elegance. It should be here noted that bracelets with thick rods and swellings on them coexisted with the former ones simultaneously.

Thus the features just sited somehow allow me to clarify the matters connected with the chronology and use them as a point of departure while designing a subdivided one without giving them the function of classification. As to the latter, it is based on the commonest feature-decoration which is fairly often seen on various pieces of adornments.

There have been distinguished four main groups of decorative motifs. Each group consists of subgroups, types and varieties that existed for quite a long period of time.

Group 1-here belong the braslets the ends of which are decorated with animal images. All the pieces are conventionally Divided into two subgroups: 1-Realistic or stylized images meaning ofwhich is possible to identify. 2-Unidentified images.

The first subgroup includes three types together with corresponding to them varieties: a) A sheep’s head (seven varieties); b) A long-eared animal (19 varieties); c) A long-maned animal (17 varieties).

The design of the first subgroup pieces contain some features the details of which make it possible to fix separate subjectsmatters of the images. The first two types, of this subgroup are known as “bracelets with the snakes’ heads.” The main characteristic feature of the first type items is a strictly accentuated either triangle, or leaf-like head-widening towards the horns acute-angled, engraved figure that outlines the space between the horns on realistic images and engraved notches that correspound to the fluting surfaces on their realistic prototypes. The heads of the images on some other bracelets of this type are flattened. I suppose that this method was used by the local craftsmen in order to ease the the process of modeling the heads of the animals.

The main classifying feature of the second type pieces is an affiliated to the head an oblonged rectangle with engraved, acuteangled figures coinciding to the animals’ ears lied on their backs. Taking into account all the features just cited, this type is included in the group of so colled “bracelets with the heads of dragons at the ends.”

A diagnostic feature of the third type pieces, included in the first subgroup, is a lengthwise groove along the parietal bone.

The second subgroup consists of nine types. My principle of groupping gives me a possibility to the way of development for each subject-matter of ornamentation. As it appeared, it is rather limited and includes only some species of animals-a sheep, an animal with long ears (more probably a calf) and the one with its mane divided into two. The same features are quite common for the West Asiatic art and Achaemenian gold bracelets found in the 6th burial of Vani that once again prove the presence of close links with the near East.

The second group includes bracelets with “thickenings.” In the first two subgroups there are bracelets with some peculiar ornamentation named conventionally as “pearls.” Generally these are spherical thickenings inserted within relief borders. Apart from such patterns the main motif is very often framed with engraved broken lines either at one, or both of its sides and it depends on the place where the thickening is made. Quite often there are cases when a rod of a braceletis faceted and the area where the line breaks coincides with the ribs of multi-faceted patterns. In some of the instances the “pearls” function as additional decorations and in most cases this is a single motif of ornamentation made on different dressing objects (neck-rings, bracelets, pins, earrigs and bow-shaped pins).

Bgracelets with geometric ornamentation make the third group.to the first subgroup here belong the ones ornamented with notched roundels at the ends of the bracelets (four types). To the second subgroup belong the ones with various geometric patterns (three types, four varieties).

In the head of the typological lines formed according the principle of moving off from the initial type, there are the specimens with well defined classification features. As to the co-ordinative examples, they have to be considered as parallels. Bracelets of lower categories may be connected either with one, or several upper ones or with one another. In most cases typological lines coincide with chronological sequence that allows to fix at least approximate dates for the pieces that cannot be dated otherwise.

While designing typological schemes, the problems of datinn were deliberately omitted because general chronological scopes of the material just examined had beforehand been fixed.

I have explored the problems of absolte chronology of the bracelets and some other types corresponding to them in decoration dressing objects (bow-shaped pins, earrings, neck-rings and pins ornamented with “pearls”) separately. I had used the pieces dated irrespectively of my own typological schemes as a point of Departure and tried to date them as far trastworthily as it was possible.

At the same time the results were made more exact and verified by means of correlation with different simultaneous adornments.

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Neck rings make three basic typological groups. The pieces of the first one (ornamented rings) are divided into two subgroups together with corresponding to them types and varieties. The first subgroup-three types of neck-rings with animal heads at their ends. The second subgroup-three types and three variations neck-rings decorated with various thickenings and the “pearls” among them.

The second group consists of torques. Chaste neck-rings (three types) make the third group.

The results of my researches are as follows: Lower chronological limit of adornments with thickened conical and pyramidal ends is the second half of the 4th century BC. The first group of bracelets are dating from the 5 th-2 nd centuries BC. The items of the first type-first subgroup (adorned with sheep heads) are dating from the 5th century BC. The pieces of the second type-first subgroup are dating from the 5 th-2 nd centuries BC (adorned with an animal with tapered ears). At the same time I have to note here that the great majority of this type of pieces (16 types from twenty) belong to the 4 t century BC and their characteristic feature is a distinctive diversity. This process remained common at the turn of the 5th-4th and till the mid-fourth century BC. The great majority of pieces included in the third group is dating from the 3 rd-2 nd centuries BC and they too are characterized with the diversity of features. The only ancient item of this type is dating from the 5th century BC. Such pieces are absent in burial contents of the 4 th century BC and appear again among the ones belonging to the 2 nd-1 st centuries BC.thus in the process of development of this subject-matter there is a century’s lacuna that may easily be explained by the penetration subject.

Matter in a form of some kind of impulse from beyond the country. Absence of data does not allow me to determine the exact center, though it appears very probable that it has to be somewhere within the area of spreading the West Asiatic culture where its existence had been uninterrupted.

The bracelets of the second group are dating from the 5th-1 st centuriesBC. In a number of cases there too are some chronological gaps. Six varieties out of eleven are dating from the 5th century BC. Twice the pieces of this subgroup are seen among the ones dating from the end of 4 th century AD. A short chronological gap in the case like this may be explained by the paucity of appropriate materials. Single specimens are met among the pieces dating from the 3 rd century BC and later at the turn ofthe 2 nd-1 st centuries BC. So, all the data mentioned seem to the presence of foreign impulses. Second group looks solid with its wide range of chronology (4 th-1 st centuries BC) and the great majority of pieces are dated to the 4 th-3rd centuries BC. Only two of twenty types were current till the 1 st century BC. The third group pieces are persistant from an animal with 5th century till the 1 st BC and the process of their development seems uninterrupted.

Almost the same may be said about the pieces of the fourh group, they, like the third group ones are common at all the levels of the above mentioned chronological period.

From chronological point of the pieces, singled out by me, are grouped this way: First century BC – 19 pieces; Fourth century BC – 34 pieces; Third century BC – 14 pieces; Second century BC – 13 pieces; Firsth century BC – 16 pieces; Firsth century BC – 7 pieces.

As it has appeared, there was an exclusive variety of adornments in the 4 th century BC and it is quite clear that the production of such dressing objects was fairly familiar during this very century. As to the diversity of their forms, it suggeststhat it was the process of searching and coming into being.against the large quantities of adornments the assortment of bracelets seems.

Considerably smaller in the 3 rd century BC that points to their standardization at the level of handicraft.

3.

Spreading of neck-rings in Georgia coincides to the period of 4 th-3 rd centuries BC. Only one typological form among them appeared persistant till the 2nd c.DC.A relative scarcity of such an adornment points to its special purpose-it has to be considered as some kind of insignia. Supposedly, there had disappeared the objectives for its function and it ceased to be in use after the 3 rd century BC. 4.

All the results of my investigations enable me to state some suppositions about the chronology of series of archaeological contents.

Mid-fifth century BC-burials of Beshtasheni cemetery nos:9,13,17,26,28,36; Santa burial no. 2;burial from Iashtkhva mounain.

Late fifth-early fourth centuries BC-Beshtasheni; burial no. 2; Santa burial no.2; Nos. 1 and 2 from Kiketi cemetery.

First half of the fourth century BC-Shromisubani burial no. 2; Modinakhe cemetery burial no. 3; Southern chamber ofSairkhe burial no 10.

Mid-fourth century BC- Manglisi sepulcher; Burials- no.1,2,4; of Itkhvisi cemetery; Nos. 9,30,65, 146,149,151 of Kamarakhevi cemetery; Nos.6, 1 of Gomareti cemetery;Modinakhe burials nos. 2, 16.

Second half of the fourth century BC-Kamarachevi cemetery, nos.2,24,156;Itkhvisi cemetery, burial no.1; Vani burial no. 12.

The last quarter of the fourth century BC-Algeti and Kanchaeti wealthy burials.

Late fourth-early third century BC-Dablagomi burials nos. 14,15,25,27; Dapnari burials nos.3,5, 28,31,33; Guadiukhu burials nos: 8,38,39 of group Junior; Akhalgori hoard.

First half of the third century BC-Dablagomi wealthy burial.

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Second half of the second century BC- burial no. 39 of Krasni Mayak cemetery, junior group Second half of the first century BC – Samtavro cemetery, burial no. 227.

Threshold of chronology-Belii Kluch village burial.

First century AD-Samtavro cemetery, burial no. 58.

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ilustraciebi: sur. a,b – oqros samajurebi vanis #6 samarxidan sur. c,d - oqros samajurebi vanis #6 samarxidan, e – oqros samajuri sairxis #8 samarxidan. sur. 1 –oqros samajuri vanis #11 samarxidan sur.2. vercxlis samajuri ComeTis ganZidan sur.3 - brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #25 samarxidan sur.4 - brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #26 samarxidan sur.5-8 - brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis ##4,9,13,17 samarxebidan sur.9-12 - brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis ##26,28,36 samarxebidan sur.13 – brinjaos samajuri sanTas samarovnis #2 samarxidan sur.14 – brinjaos samajuri vanis #11 samarxidan sur.15 - brinjaos samajuri mTa iaSTxvas #1 samarxidan sur.16 - brinjaos samajuri vanis #11 samarxidan sur.17 - brinjaos samajuri didi lilodan sur18-19 - brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis ##26 da #20 samarxebidan sur.20 – vercxlis samajuri dablgomis ganZidan sur.21 - brinjaos samajuri Sulcis mier gaTxrili TeTriwyaros samarxidan sur.22 - brinjaos samajurebi kamaraxevis #9 samarxidan (r.ramiSvili) sur.23-24 - brinjaos samajurebi winandlidan. sur.25 - vercxlis samajuri vanis #11 samarxidan sur.26 - vercxlis samajuri vanis #9 samarxidan sur.27 – brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #62 samarxidan sur.28-29 – brinjaos samajurebi kikeTis #1 da #2 samarxebidan sur.30 - brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #2 samarxidan sur 31-32 - brinjaos samajuri winandlidan sur.33 - brinjaos samajuri wyneTidan sur.34-35 - brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis #58 da #62 samarxebidan sur.36 – brinjaos samajuri manglisis akldamidan sur.37 - brinjaos samajuri yazbegidan sur.38-40 – brinjaos samajurebi dablagomis ##26,4,13 qvevrsamarxebidan sur.41 – brinjaos samajuri yazbegis samarovnidan sur.43 - brinjaos samajuri dafnaris #19 qvevrsamarxidan sur.44 - brinjaos samajuri dablagomis #27 qvevrsamarxidan sur.45 - brinjaos samajuri dablagomis #5 qvevrsamarxidan sur.46 - brinjaos samajuri dablagomis #27 qvevrsamarxidan sur.47 - brinjaos samajuri dafnaris #7 qvevrsamarxidan sur.48-49 brinjaos samajurebi yazbegis samarovnidan sur/50 – brinjaos samajuri sanTas #2 samarxidan sur.51-54 – brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis ##18,27,23,24 samarxebidan sur.55-56 - brinjaos samajurebi beTaSenis #53 da #8 samarxebidan sur.57-58 - brinjaos samajurebi winandlidan sur.59-60 - brinjaos samajurebi winandlidan sur.61 - brinjaos samajuri dablagomis #13 qvevrsamarxidan sur.63 - brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #54 samarxidan sur.64 - brinjaos samajuri eSeris kremaciuli samarxidan sur.65-66 - brinjaos samajuri dablagomis #21 qvevrsamarxidan (1962 w.) sur.67-68 - brinjaos samajurebi eSeris qvevrsamarxidan sur.69,71,72 - brinjaos samajurebi neron-deresis samarovnis #3 samarxidan sur.70 – oqros samajuri vanis #4 samarxidan sur.73-74 - brinjaos samajurebi samTavros #59 samarxidan sur.75-75 - brinjaos samajurebi samTavros #110 da #82 qvevrsamarxebidan sur.76 a - brinjaos samajurebi wiTeli Suquras #39 samarxidan sur.77-78 - brinjaos samajurebi samTavros #226,29,227 qvevrsamarxebidan sur.79 - brinjaos samajuri samTavros #29 qvevrsamarxidan sur.80 - brinjaos samajuri samTavros #227 qvevrsamarxidan

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sur.81-83 - brinjaos samajurebi samTavros #50,209,227 qvevrsamarxebidan sur.84-86 - brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis #52,28,56 samarxebidan sur.87-89 – brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis ##59,28 samarxebdan sur.90 – brinjaos samajuri kikeTis samarovnis #2 samarxidan sur 91-92 - brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis ##39,59 samarxebdan sur.93-96 - brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis ##52,54,9.15 samarxebdan sur.97 - brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #2 samarxidan sur.98 - brinjaos samajuri dafnaris #6 qvevrsamarxidan sur.99 - brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #22 samarxidan sur.100 - brinjaos samajuri neron-deresis samarovnis #3 samarxidan sur.101-103 - brinjaos samajurebi yazbegis samarovnidan sur.104 - brinjaos samajuri TeTriwyaroSi Sulcis mier gaTxrili qvayuTidan sur.105 – vercxlis samajuri iTxvisis #2 samarxidan sur.105a – vercxlis samajuri sairxis #10 samarxidan sur.106 - vercxlis samajuri vanis #2 samarxidan sur.107 – eleqtrumis samajuri algeTis mdidruli samarxidan sur.108 – vercxlis samajuri vanis #9 samarxidan sur.109 – brinjaos samajuri samTavros #4 qvevrsamarxidan sur. 110 – oqros samajuri vanis #9 samarxidan sur.110 a - vercxlis samajuri vanis #16 samarxidan sur.111 – oqros samajuri axalgoris ganZidan sur.112 - vercxlis samajuri yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxidan sur.113-114 - brinjaos samajurebi yazbegis samarovnidan sur.115 – brinjaos samajuri dafnaris #33 qvevrsamarxidan sur.116 – eleqtrumis samajuri algeTis mdidruli samarxidan sur.117 – brinjaos samajuri dablagomis #4 qvevrsamarxidan sur.118 - brinjaos samajurebi Toxliauridan sur.119 - brinjaos samajuri dafnaris #36 qvevrsamarxidan sur.120-123 - brinjaos samajurebi dablagomis ##3,4,9 qvevrsamarxebidan sur.124 - brinjaos samajuri dafnaris #31 qvevrsamarxidan sur.125 – brinjaos samajuri kamaraxevis mdidruli samarxidan sur.126 - brinjaos samajuri yanCaeTis mdidruli samarxidan sur.127 - brinjaos samajuri dablagomis #15a qvevrsamarxidan sur.128 - brinjaos samajuri sof. volovcidan sur 129-130 brinjaos samajuri iTxvisis #2 samarxidan sur.131 - brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #48 samarxidan sur.132 – vercxlis samajuri guadixus #25 samarxidan sur.133 - vercxlis samajuri vanis #2 samarxidan sur.134 - vercxlis samajuri eSeris kremaciuli samarxidan sur.135 - brinjaos samajuri dablagomis #19 qvevrsamarxidan sur.136-139 – brinjaos samajurebi samTavros ## 43,4,12 qvevrsamarxebidan sur.140-141 - brinjaos samajurebi samTavros ## 26,31 qvevrsamarxebidan sur.142 brinjaos samajuri vasas wyaros samarovnis #2 samarxidan sur 143-145 – vercxlis samajurebi iTxvisis ##3,4,samarxebidan sur.146,148-149 - brinjaos samajurebi beSTaSenis ##31,42,5 samarxebidan sur.147 - brinjaos samajuri beSTaSenis #48 samarxidan sur.150 - brinjaos samajuri samTavros #31 qvevrsamarxidan sur.151 - brinjaos samajuri arkneTis #2 samarxidan sur.152 - brinjaos samajuri yoRoTos samarovnidan sur.153 - brinjaos samajuri samTavros #1 qvevrsamarxidan sur.154 - brinjaos samajuri neron-deresis #3 samarxidan sur.155 - brinjaos samajuri samTavrodan sur.156 – brinjaos sakisre rkali lafanyuridan 1ur.157 - brinjaos sakisre rkali oCamCiris nasaxlari borcvidan sur.158 - vercxlis sakisre rkali modinaxis adreantikuri xanis samarovnis #3 samarxidan sur.159 - vercxlis sakisre rkali iTxvisis #2 samaridan sur.160 - vercxlis sakisre rkali vanis #2 samarxidan sur.161 - brinjais sakisre rkali guadixus #11 samarxidan sur.161a - vercxlis sakisre rkali vanis #16 samarxidan sur.162 – oqros sakisre rkali axalgoris ganZidan

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sur.163 – vercxlis sakisre rkali samadlodan sur.164 – oqros sakisre rkali axalgoris ganZidan sur.165 – brinjaos sakisre rkali vanis #12 samarxidan sur.166 - oqros sakisre rkali axalgoris ganZidan sur.167 - brinjaos sakisre rkali dafnaridan sur.168 - brinjaos sakisre rkali dablagomidan sur.169 - brinjaos sakisre rkali vanis #12 samarxidan sur.170 - vercxlis sakisre rkali fiWvnaris elinisturi xanis samarovnidan sur.171 - oqros sakisre rkali axalgoris ganZidan sur.172 – brinjaos sakisre rkali dafnaris #4 qvevrsamarxidan sur.173 - brinjaos sakisre rkali kamaraxevis #41 samarxidan sur.174 - vercxlis sakisre rkali iTxvisis #1 samarxidan sur.175 – brinjaos sakinZi luristanidan sur.176 - oqros fibula vanis #11 samarxidan sur.177-181 – brinjaos fibulebi yazbegis samarovnidan sur.182 – brinjaos sakinZi algeTis mdidruli samarxidan sur.153 – brinjaos ilari winandlidan

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