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2

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm; t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE´(Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw b'´ EÅynm0Ho(M.A) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf

pmwnf;csKyf r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z wuúov dk o f Qio f &D d ("r®mp&d,? bDat)

pmwnf;tzJG Y ? jynfpkd;? "r®xufukd pDrHa&;&m? NzKd ;rmrm xk wf wf a0 ol wifp;dk (NrJ -04266) vIid Mf unfjzL "r®0&D pmaywku d Ef iS hf 'D*spw f ,fpmMunfw h u dk f

tjyiftqif uGefysLwm rk;d Bu;D ? NzKd ;NzKd ;Zmjcnf? jrwfE;dk ykid f

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zvif Empire Colour Repro

uavmif&Sifrsm; -

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EDITORIAL "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/

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Oó= pOf;pm;pDrHonf? tm;xkwfonf? pdwfu pDrH pOf;pm;NyD;rS aqmif&Gufwwfoljzpfí vl[k ac:qdkMuygonf/ xdkvlonf bmrQrodaom tE¨ykxkZOfvlwef;pm;ESifh taMumif;ESihftusKd; taumif;ESihftqdk;udk cJGjcm;odaom uvsmPykxkZOf vlwef;pm;[lí (2)rsKd;&SdMujyefav&m taMumif;tusKd; taumif;tqdk;cJGjcm;odrI[lonf Ak'¨tbd"r®m oabmt& yknukodkvf(yk)? ygy tukokdvf (y)rsm;udk cGJjcm;odoludk qdkvdkygonf/ jrefrmvlaY bmifwiG f todÓPfEiS fh ywfoufí tm;enf;olukd bkrod brod ol[k ajymavh&ydS gonf/ xdb k rk od brod [l a om pum;onf yk ( yk n )? y-(ygy)ud k rod j cif ; ud k qd k v d k í yk r od ? yrod [ k qd k j cif ; jzpf y gonf / acwfumvpum;a&GUavsmvmí bkrod brod[kqdkaeMujcif;jzpfygonf/ vlaY vmu vlom;wdo Yk nf rdrw d b Ykd 0twGuf pD;yGm;a&;? tkycf sKyaf &;? ynma&;? use;f rma&;? vlraI &;ponfwu Ykd kd aqmif&GufMuvsuf&Sd&m ykESihfyudk pdppfa0zefod&SdNyD; od&Sdonhftavsmuf aqmif&GufMuvQif rdrdvnf;tusKd;&Sd rdrdywf0ef;usifvnf; tusKd;&Sd Muygrnf/ rdvdE´yͧmusrf;wGif rdvdE´rif;u ykn ygy (yk-y) rodbJ raumif;rIjyKMuolESihf odNyD; raumif;rIjyKolESpfOD;wGif rnfolu tjypfykdBuD;ygoenf;[kar;&m t&Sifem*aoeu jymzkH;aeaomrD;cJudk odol rodolESpfa,mufwGif rD;cJukd udkifqkyf &mü rnfol\ vufuydkíylrnfvJ[k wkHYjyef ar;&mrdvdE´rif;u rD;&SdrSef;rodí jymzkH;aeaomrD;cJ qkyfudkifolu ydkítylcH&rSmygbk&m;[k avQmuf xm;cJhonf/ xdktcg t&Sifem*aoeu aumif;rI? raumif;rI (ukodkvf? tukokdvf) cGJjcm;rodolESpfOD;wGif raumif;rI[k rodol\ vkyfaqmifcsufu ydkítjypfBuD;vSayonf[k rdefYMum;cJhygonf/ avmuvlom;rsm;tm; raumif;rI rsm;udak &SmifNy;D aumif;rIrsm;ukd vkyaf qmifum avmuusi0fh wftjzmjzmudk vdkufemusihfoHk;aqmif&Guf&ef Ak'¨u &[ef;ç&Sifçvlrsm;tm; u@tvkduf a[mMum;qkH;rcsufrsm;ukd Ak'¨pmaywdkYü awGUjrifMu&ygonf/ þavmu&Sd owå0gwdkYtwGuf oHo&mcHk½Hk;awmfBuD;\jzwfxHk;u t*wdw&m; av;yg;rS uif;vSygonf/ rnforYdk Q vmbfx;kd í r&yg/ ykxZk Of[o l nf vrf;ñTeq f &mtrsK;d rsK;d wd\ Yk vrf;ñTecf suu f dk vku d ef musiafh qmifMu ygonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkYwGifum; vrf;rSefa&mufzdkY r*¾if(8)yg; tusihfw&m;&SdNyD;jzpfygonf/ xdkr*¾if(8)yg; tusihftm;avsmfpGm usihfBuH&ef ta&;BuD;vSygonf/ "r®0D&onf vlom;tm;vHk; vrf;rSef a&mufatmif jznhfqnf;vrf;jyvsuf&Sdaeygonf/ pmzwfol? pmemolwdkY ESvHk;oGif; ajzmihfzdkYvdkygonf/ xdkodkY ESvHk;oGif;ajzmihfMuygvQif t&d,m r*¾ifvrf;pOfa&mufMuovdk? ykrod? yrod (bkrod? brod) b0rS vGwfajrmufí csrf;om&modkY trSefa&mufMurnfjzpfaMumif; today;wdkufwGef;tyfygonf/ t,f ' D w m

3

Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

4

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

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5

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(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) £ómyuw £wd ¦ 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg rdef;rwpfa,mufonf rdrdvifESihf,Ofyg;aom uRef r uk d j iLpl a omaMumih f em;çES m acgif ; uk d j zwf v suf rd r d t rI u k d zkH;vTrf;jcif;iSm tdrfwGif;ü csnfxm;cJhí wHcg;ydwfNyD;aomf vifESihfwuG ausmif;awmfokdYvmí w&m;emvsufae\/ {nfhonfwdkYonf uRefrukd oem;aomaMumihf ajzívTwv f u dk \ f / uRerf onf ausmif;awmfov Ydk mí y&dowftv,fü þtaMumif;ukdavQmuf\/ bk&m;&Sifonf xkdorD; cifyGef;ESpfa,mufukd qkH;rawmfrljcif;iSm ]]tuwH 'kuú#H aoa,sm}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ tuwH 'kuú#H aoa,sm? ypäm wyÜwd 'kuú#H/ uwÍö okuwH aoa,sm? ,H uwGm emEkwyÜwd/ jref r muAsm raumif;trI rjyKjrwfonf? raumif;jyKu aemifwylonf/ aumif;rIjyKu jrwfvSygonf? aemifwzef ylyefr&SdNyD/ An evil deed is better not done; a misdeed hereafter torments one; better it is to do a good deed, after doing which one does not grieve.

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Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION

6

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

rkH&GmaeZm

7

NydwåmESifh r&Sdjyóem(2)

t&S i f Z ed E ´ o m& (o'¨ r ® Z mwd u "Z)

tom;wpfcsnf;&SdaomNydwåmoljyKvyk cf zhJ ;l aom 'kp½du k rf sm;aMumihf ,ck 'ku©cHpm;ae&aom olYb0? olY'ku©/ oefvsuftarT;&SdaomNydwåma&S;bk&ifrsm;udik af qmifaom oefvsuf (toGm;av;zufESifh cRefxufaom vufeuf wpfrsdK;) uJhodkY tarT;trQifrsm;aygufaeaom Nydwåm/ rD;usD;vl;Nydwåmr- &J&JnD;nD;avmif NrKd uaf eaom 'kuc© &H aomNyw d må .. þodYk tp&Sd aom xdkNydwåm? þNydwåm? tESDNydwåmwdkY\ axGjym;qef;Mu,faom b0jzpf&yf? jzpfpOfrsm; ud k oH * g,emwif &[EÅ m t&S i f j rwf w d k Y u aemifvmaemufom;wdkY rSwfom;Muapjcif; tusdK;iSm raysmufrysuf r,dkr,Gif;atmif oH*g,emwifcJhMuukef\/ r&S d j yóem urÇmay:wGif Ak'¨bmom0if ig;EdkifiH &Sd&m ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomxGef;um;aom rdrdwdkY Edik if o H nf bmoma&;tcef;u@rSm rsuEf mS yef; vScJhonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd *kdPf;toD;oD;rS oHCm rsm; pkpnf;í *dP k ;f aygif;pHk oHCmtpnf;ta0; BuD; usif;yjyKvkyfEkdifjcif;? oHCmtzGJUtpnf; tqihq f ihcf srw S af qmif&u G Ef ikd cf jhJ cif;? Ekid if aH wmf y&d,wådomoemwuúodkvfrsm;ESihf tjynfjynf qdkif&m ax&0g'Ak'¨omoemwuúodkvfBuD;udk wnfaxmifzGihfvSpfoifMum;ydkYcsEdkifjcif;wdkYonf bmoma&;ordkif;rSwfwdkifrsm; jzpfcJh½HkrQru Ak'¨ bmome,fy,f urÇmhtv,fwGifvnf; *kPf wufcJhayonf/ þuJo h Ykd odum© &S&d dS usuo f a&r*Fvm jynh0f pGm &yfwnfcyhJ gaom rdrw d EYkd ikd if w H iG f rjrif &í rawGU&í ]]r&Sd- r&Sd}} [k ,lqolawG rsm;jym;vmaeayonf/ ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomrS aoGznfí t,ltqopf cH,cl sut f opfwjYkd zihf pifNydKifomoemxlaxmif&ef pnf;½Hk;odrf;oGif; vsuf &Sdonf/ olwdkY*dkPf;udk ypöKyÜefur®0g'[k trnfwyfNyD; a&T0ga&mifouFef;udkr0wfbJ tjyma&mif0wfpu kH kd 0wfqifonf/ avhvmolwYkd tMum;wGif ]tjyma&mif*dkPf;} [k vlodrsm;\/ 1983- ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv (10) &uf (n-10;30 em&Dtcsed )f wGif tqdyk g tjym a&mif*dkPf;udk wnfaxmifcJhonf/ þudpöESifh

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

8

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

w&m;ukdjrifaom &[ef; &S i f Ó P (zsmyk H ) omuD0ifrif;wpfyg;b0rS &[ef;jyKcJh ol t&Sifb'´d,onf xD;eef;pnf;pdrftvkH;pkHukd pGefYvTwf&JcJholjzpf\/ olonf &[ef;tjzpfukd &&SdcJhNyD;aemuf y&dowfuif;a0;í qdwfNidrf&m awmtkyBf u;D twGi;f ü opfyifudk ausmif;ocFe;f jyKvsuf wpfyg;wnf;aeavh&Sdonf/ xkduJhodkY opfyif&if;ü wpfyg;wnf;aepOf ]]aMomf csr;f om aypG . . csrf ; omaypG } } [k usL;&ih f a eavh &Sdwwfayonf/ t&Sib f 'd, ´ usL;&ihaf vh&adS ompum; ukd jzwfoef;oGm;vmMuaom &[ef;rsm;Mum;Mu &\/ rMumcP Mum;&zef r sm;aomtcg c&D ; oG m ; &[ef ; rsm;u ]]trS e f p if p pf 'D&Sifb'd´,[m &[ef;w&m;ukd tm;rxkwfbJeJY aMomf - csrf ; om aypG ? csrf ; omaypG v d k Y &Gwfqkdaewm[m olvlYb0 wkef;u cHpm;cJh&wJh rif;pnf;pdrfcsrf;omukd atmufarhawG;awmNyD; &Gwfqkdaewmjzpfr,f}}[k awG;awmrdMuum tEky, d o&ufawmü oDwif;ok;H aeawmfral om jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; t&Sifb'´d,taMumif;ukd avQmufxm;Muav onf/ &[ef;rsm;avQmufxm;Muaomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u t&Sifb'´d,ukd oGm;a&muf ac:aqmif&ef rdefYMum;awmfrl\/ t&Sifb'´d, a&muf&Sdvmaomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u]]cspo f m; b'´, d oif[m qdwNf ird &f m t&yfrmS wpfyg;wnf;aeNy;D aMomf-csr;f omaypG? csrf;omaypG...vdkY ajymqkdaew,fqkdwm [kwo f vm;}} ]]t&Sijf rwfpmG bk&m; rSeyf gw,fb&k m;}} ]]cspo f m; b'´, d oifb,ftaMumif; ukd odjrifNyD; 'Dvkdajymqkd&GwfyGm;aewmvJ}} ]]t&Sif jrwfpGmbk&m; a&S;tcgu wynhfawmf vlrif;jzpfpOfu eef;wGif;eef;jyif?

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wynhfawmf awmBuD;twGif; opfyif&if;rSm wpfyg;wnf; ae&ygaomfvnf; raMumufr&GHU rpkd;&drf&awmhyg? tJ'DtaMumif;aMumihf aMomf csrf;omaypG vdkY &Gwfqkdaerdjcif;jzpfygw,f t&S i f j rwf b k & m;}} [k avQmuf x m;av&m jrwfpGm bk&m;u]]tMuify*k K¾ v d \ f twGi;f pdwüf trsuf a'gowdo Yk nf r&Su d ek ?f þodYk jynfph jHk cif;? ysupf ;D jcif ; uk d v nf ; vG e f a jrmuf \ ? ab;uif ; í csr;f om aom? aMumihMf uuif;aom xkyd *k K¾ v d u f dk ewfrsm; yif jrif&efrpGr;f Ekid Mf uaywum;..}}[k &[ef;y&dowfa&SUwGif rdefYqkdusL;&ihfawmfrl vk d u f N yD ; aemuf jrwf p G m bk & m;onf &[ef ; y&dowftm; rdefYMum;awmfrlvdkuf\/ ]]&[ef;wdkY tMuifyk*¾Kdvf[m igbk&m; &J U ouF e f ; puk d pG J u k d i f N yD ; xuf M uyf r uG m vkdufaeygaomfjim;vnf; tbdZÑmrsm;aeol jzpfr,fqkd&if xkdyk*¾Kdvf[m igbk&m;eJYa0;aeol omjzpfw,f}} ]]&[ef;wdkY xkdyk*¾Kdvf[m umrwdkYrSm tm;Bu;D aom &m* (wyfpeG ;f rI) &Sad eygrl? azmuf jyefaompdw&f adS eygrl? qifjcifÓPfr&So d jl zpfae ygrl ? rwnf M unf p d w f ? wk e f v I y f a ompd w f &Sdaeygrl? £a`E´ukd rapmifhpnf;oljzpfaeygrl igbk&m;eJY a0;olomjzpfayw,f? &[ef;wdkYtaMumif;rSm w&m;ukdrjrifvQif igbk&m;ukd rjrif j cif ; aMumih f jzpf w ,f } } [k rd e f Y q k d u m qufvufNyD;]]&[ef;wdkY tMuifyk*¾Kdvf[m tbdZÑm rsm;ygrl umrwdkYrSm tm;BuD;aom&m* (wyfpGef; rI) r&Sdygrl? azmufjyefaompdwfr&Sdygrl? jypfrSm; vkdaompdwftBuHr&Sdygrl? owdESihfjynfhpkHygrl? qifjcifÓPf&o dS jl zpfygrl? rwkerf vIyf wnfMunf aompdw&f ydS grl? £a`Eu ´ adk pmifph nf;aeoljzpfygrl? xkyd *k K¾ v d [ f m ,lZemrsm;pGma0;uGmaomt&yfrmS aeapumrl igbk&m;eJYeD;oljzpfw,f? xkdYtwl igbk&m;[mvnf; xkdyk*¾KdvfeJYeD;olomjzpfw,f? &[ef;wdkY taMumif;rSm xkdyk*¾Kdvf[m w&m;ukd jrifvQif bk&m;ukdjrifaomaMumihfjzpfayw,f}} [k &[ef;y&dowfwdkYtm; rdefYMum;qkH;rawmf rlvu dk af vonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

9

a*gwrAk'¨ESihf rif;wdkY\ avmuobm0"r® jyóemajz&Sif;enf;rsm; (1) wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ? B.A)

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pDrHcefYcGJNyD;vQif vufaqmifawmfudk udk,fwdkif yif ,laqmifí jymom'fxufodkYwufum]þjymom'ftwGif;odkY wpfpHkwpfOD;rQ r0ifap&} [k wHcg;ü tapmihfae&mrsm;csxm; NyD;vQif jcaohFcHaom avomeef;jywif;ayguf udk zGihfvSpfí vufaqmifawmfudk jrifhaom ae&mü xm;vsuf rdrdrSmrl edrfhaomae&mü xdkifum rif;\wHqdyfudkcGmonf/ twG i f ; ü tqH k ; eH Y o mES p f M uKwf u d k jrifawGU&vQif ]þtaqmifta,mifum; BuD;us,f vS \ ? þtaqmif t a,mif o nf tjcm; avmuDtaqmifta,mifjzpfayvdrrfh nfr[kwf {uefyif rZÑdra'oü Mum;em&ef oihfavsmf aom &wemwrsKd;rsKd; ay:xGef;onfjzpfvdrfh rnf} [k trSeftwdkif;yif BuHpnfpOf;pm;rdav onf/ xdkYaemufrS eHYomESpfMuKwfudk zGihfí rif;wHqdyfudk cGmaomf tvGefEl;nHhaom urÁ vmtpG e f ; ES p f b uf r S ud k i f u m tomt,m ajzMunhfaomf a&Tjym;tvdyfudk awGU&avonf xdka&Tjym;tvdyfudk jzefYumMunhf½I onf&adS omf tHt h m;oihNf y;D tu©&mpmvH;k wdu Yk m; ES p f o uf z G , f & S d u k e f p G w um;? nD ñ G w f a om tu©&m pmvHk;OD;xdyf&SdukefpGwum;? nDñTwf aom tpOftwef; &SdukefpGwum;? av;axmihf pyfpyf rsOf;cwfouJhodkY &SdukefpGwum;} [k tHhMojcif;jzpfum tprSpí wpfvHk;rusefzwf avonf/ ]þavmuü jrwf p G m bk & m;ocif onf ay:xGef;vmNyD...tp&Sdaom bk&m;&Sif \ *kPfaus;Zl;awmfwdkYudk zwf&pOfyif rif;BuD; \ oEÅmefü ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpfay:NyD; arT;n§if;wGif;aygif; (99000)wdkYrS arG;n§if;wdkY onf tzsm;xufodkY axmifwufMuonf/ rdrd onf &yfaeoavm? xdkifaeoavm[k rodEkdif avmufatmifjzpfavonf/ ]atmf igonf r[murÇ m aygif ; uka#wpfodef;wdkY vGefaomfvnf; Mum;emzdkY&ef &&Sd&ef cJ,Of;pGmvSaom bk&m; &wemESihf pyfrd

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

11

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DHAMMA DEW

12

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA TALKS

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COVER FEATURE "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

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0gqdv k jynhaf eY? ae0ifvxGucf sed rf pS wifí? yÍö0*fig;OD;wdt Yk m;? rdr\ d bk&m; tjzpfudk 0efcHaMunmaomtm;jzihf a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/ "r®pMumw&m;awmfonf yd#uwf0denf;r[m0gygVdawmf ]]yÍö 0*¾d,uxm}} trnfjzihf vm&Sdygonf/ y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmfü ]]"r®puú y0wåe0g&}} trnfjzihf vm&Syd gonf/ tvm;wl r[m0*¾o, H w k yf gVdawmf ü ]]"r®puúyÜ0weokwå}} trnfjzihf vm&Sdygonf/ "r®puúy0Ü wåe\ teufrmS ? w&m;wnf;[laom todÓPfpuf udk jzpfapvnfapawmfrljcif;[k t"dyÜm,fxGufygonf/ ("r®puú= w&m;puf+ y0wåe= jzpfapvnfapjcif;)/ "r®puúw&m;awmfonf t&d,opömav;yg;udk ñTef;qdkazmfjy a[mMum;awmfral om a'oemjzpfí? wdy#uwnf;[laom yd#uwfo;kH yHk \ tESpfcsKyfw&m;[kvnf; qdkxdkufygonf/ "r®pMumw&m;awmfukd pdppfo;kH oyfMunh½f yI gvQi?f vrf;pOfvrf; rSm; tpGef;w&m;ESpfyg;udk a&SmifMuOfí? rZÑdry#dy'g[laom tpGef;vGwf vrf;pOftrSeu f kd usio fh ;kH azmfaqmifEidk &f eftwGu?f t&d,opömav;yg;udk em;vnfodjrifoabmaygufajrmufap&ef OD;wnfa[mMum;awmfrlaom a'oemawmfjzpfygaomaMumihf Ak'¨0g'"r®w&m;\ wduscdkifrmaom oabmw&m;jzpfonfujkd ywfjywfxifxif awGUjrifEidk Mf urnfjzpfygonf/ "r®pMuma'oemawmfukd þuJhodkY wduscdkifrmtESpfom&&Sd onhf w&m;awmfjzpfonfESihftnD urÇmwpf0ef;vHk;&Sd Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpiftaygif;wdkYonf? xdk"r®pMuma'oemawmfa[mMum;awmfrlcJh onhf umvESpfaygif; 2599 ESpfMum&SdcJhNyDjzpfaom ,aeYumvtxdwdkif atmif? ¤if;"r®pMuma'oemawmfudk txl;qihfyGm;tm½Hkpdkufí &GwfyGm; o&ZÑm,fMu½HkrQru? "r®pMumokwfawmfvm y#dywfusihfpOfw&m;rsm;udk txl;tav;xm;vsuf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwu f siafh qmifaeMuonfukd awGUjrif aeMu&ygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH tNrdKUNrdKUt&Gm&Gmae&ma'owkdif;vdkvdkwGif vnf; "r®pMumtoif;rsm; zGJUpnf;Muí omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;tjzpf w&m;"r®jyefyY mG ;atmif &Guaf qmifaeMuonfuv kd nf; awGUjrif&ygonf/ 0gqd k u &uwf vjyom'f wnf h r wf t momV§ D 0gqdkvonf jrefrmwdkY\ jyu©'defvrsm;wGif pwkw¬ajrmufv jzpfí aEGOwkESihf rdk;Owk[laom OwkESpfrsdK;pvHk;üyg0ifaomvjzpfonf/ &mODtm;jzihf aEGwpfydkif;rdk;wpfydkif; a&maESmaeaom&moDjzpfí vGefcJh

15

onhf uqke?f e,kev f rsm;uJo h Ykd tyl&edS jf yif;xefjcif;r&Sad wmh&um;? xdv k ü &GmoGef;aomrdk;onf tvGefat;jr\/ awmifajcawmwef;wpfavQmuf azG;azG;jzLatmif yGifhaeMu onhf rdausmif;yef;rsm;aMumihf ]]0gqdkvajymif;? rdausmif;azG;azG;? rdk;at; at;}} [k a&S;awmifolBuD;wdkYu rSwfwrf;jyKcJhMuayonf/ ]]0gqdk0gacgif a&azmifazmifESihf? &Gmawmifuacsmif;}} [laom a&S;tdkifcsif;tqdkESihftnD 0gqdkvwGif onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;aeaomrdk; aMumihf jrefrmEkdifiHtESHY&Sd jrpf? acsmif;? tif;? tdkifrsm;? a&avSmifuefrsm; a&jynhfvQHaeonfudk awGUjrifMu&\/ tmumoaumif;uifwpfciG w f pfjyifwiG f ndKraJ rSmifriId ;f aeaom rdk;om;wdrfvdyfBuD;rsm; tkyfpkzGJUum tqufrjywf a&GUvsm;aeonfjzpfí t&yf&SpfrsufESmwpfcGifvHk; rIefrdIif;tHkYqdkif;aeayonf/ oaE¨ a wmxG u f "r® p uf wpf c suf j ym#d [ m 0gqdkvjynhfaeYonfum; ]]oaE¨awmxGuf? "r®puf? wpfcsuf jym#d[m}} qdo k nht f wkid ;f ? oAÁnKwÓPf&iS jf rwfpmG bk&m;tavmif;awmf y#doaE¨,al wmfrjl cif;? awmxGuaf wmfrjl cif;? w&m;OD;"r®pufukd a[m>ruf awmfrljcif;? a&tpHkrD;tpHkESihf wefcdk;jym#d[m jyawmfrljcif;[lonhf Ak'¨ 0Hojzpfawmfjrwfü xl;jcm;onhf bmoma&;rSwfwdkifBuD;rsm; pdkufxlawmf rlcJhonhf aeYxl;aeYjrwfBuD;jzpfavonf/ 0gqd k v jynh f a eY \ xl ; jcm;csuf r sm; jrefrmh½dk;&m jyu©'deftcg&moD (12) v&Sdonhfteuf u&uwf &moD 0gqdv k jynhaf eY\ xl;jcm;csurf sm;udk woD;woefx Y w k í f pdppfMunhf ygu 0gqdkvjynhfaeYonf(1) a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;avmif; y#doaE¨,laomaeYjzpfí xl;jcm;jcif;/ (2) a*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m;avmif; awmxGuaf wmfral omaeYjzpf í xl;jcm;jcif;/ (3) a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m; "r®pMumw&m; pwifa[mawmfrl aom aeYjzpfí xl;jcm;jcif;/ (4) a&rD;tpHkpHkwdkYjzihf wefcdk;jym#d[m jyawmfrlaomaeYjzpfí xl;jcm;jcif;/ (5) bk&m;tjzpf 0efcH (aMunm) awmfrlaomaeYjzpfí xl;jcm; jcif;/ (6) w&m;&wem pwifay:aygufaomaeYjzpfí xl;jcm;jcif;/ (7) oHCm&wem pwifay:aygufaomaeYjzpfí xl;jcm;jcif;/ (8) ]]{[dbdu©K}} [laom pum;udk pwifMum;Mu&aomaeYjzpf í xl;jcm;jcif;/ þodaYk om 0daoovu©Pmrsm;aMumihf Ak'b ¨ mom0ifoal wmf pifwdkYonf þ0gqdkvjynhfaeYü 0gqdkouFef;awmfrsm; uyfvSLMuí ]]0gqdk vjynhf "r®pMumtcgawmfaeY}} udk qifETJusif;yMuygonf/ xdjYk yif? 0gqdv k jynhaf usmf (1) &ufaeYwiG f &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; onf yk&dr0g 0gqdk0guyfawmfrlMu&onf/ xdkYaMumihf Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; tm;vHk;wdkYu þ0gqdkvudk vxl;vjrwftjzpf owfrSwfxm;Mujcif;jzpf ayonf/ 0d e nf ; awmf E S i h f t nD 0gqd k 0 guyf a wmf r l M ujcif ; yd#uwf0ed nf;r[m0g ygVdawmf 0ólyem,duu©Eu ¨ ü? &[ef; oHCmawmfrsm; 0gqdk0guyfawmfrlMu&jcif;udk ynwfawmfrlygonf/ Ak'¨ bmom&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;onf þ0gqdkvjynhfawmf (1) &ufaeYü

COVER FEATURE

16

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

rdrw d Ykd rSw D if;aexdik Mf urnhaf usmif;wGi?f jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\ f (qif;wk½yk yf mG ; awmfjrwf) a&SUawmfarSmuf0,f ]],ck þausmif;ü þonhfrdk;wGif;umv oH;k vtwGi;f rSw D if;aexkid yf grnf}} (£rod® 0H [ d ma& £rH awrmoH 0óH Oayrd) [k EIwfjzihf &Gwfqdkí 0gqdk0guyfMu&onf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifvufxufawmfrSpí &[ef;oHCmrsm;onf jrwfpmG bk&m; ynwfawmfral om 0denf;awmft& 0gqd0k guyfcMhJ uonfukd pGJí? ,if;umv? ,if;v? ,if;&moD? ,if;Owkudk 0gqdkv? 0gwGif;umv?

0gqdk (rdk;) Owk ponfjzihf ac:a0:oHk;pGJcJhMuonf[k tqdk&Sdavonf/ azmfjyyg 0denf; r[m0gygVdawmf 0ólyem,duu©Eu ¨ ü? 0ól yem,du (0óly- 0ó= 0g+ Oyem,du= uyfa&mufjcif;) 0óly*w (0ó= 0g+Oy*w= uyfa&mufjcif;)[laomyk'fudk jrefrmbmom 0guyf jcif;? 0gqdkjcif;[k vnf;aumif;? 0óapä' (0ó=0g+ aq'= usdK;jywf jcif;) 0gjywf 0gusdK;jcif;[kvnf;aumif;? 0óyk'foufoufudk 0g[k vnf;aumif; jrefrmjyefqdkxm;onfwdkYudk yd#uwfpmaywdkYü rsm;pGm awGU&onf/ þü 0gqdk? 0guyf? 0gjywf? 0gusdK;? 0gyef? 0g0if? 0guRwf ponfwdkYü oHk;EIef;aom ]]0g}} wdkYonfvnf; teuft"dyÜm,ftwlwlyif jzpfMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]0g}} [laom jrefrma0g[m&onf ygVdbmom ]]0ó}} yk'frS qif;oufvmaom a0g[m&jzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ 0ó0go rd k ; tcgüaejcif ; ? rd k ; cd k j cif ; xdk ]]0ó}} yk'u f kd 0de,vuFm&#Dumü ]]aejcif;}} teuf&o dS nf [k jyqdkygonf/ om&w¬'DyeD#Dumürl ]]0ó}} yk'fonf? rdk;umv ponf udak [monhf 0óyk'f ½d;k ½d;k r[kw?f ]]0ó0go}} [k qkv d v kd su?f o'´genf; tm;jzihf ]]0go}} yk'fudk acsxm;azsmufxm;onhf ]]0ó}} ykk'frsdK;jzpfí ]]rdk;tcgüaejcif;}} (rdk;cdkjcif;) teuf&Sdonf[k zGifhqdkxm;ygonf/ rnfodkY qdkap ,if;#Dumrsm;\ zGifhqdkazmfjycsufteuft&qdkaomf? ¤if; ]]0g}} [laom ygVdouf jrefrma0g[m&onf ]]0ó}} [laom ygVdyk'frS qif;oufvmaom yk'fjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf[k qdk&rnfjzpfygonf/ xd k Y j yif þvü oH C mawmf r sm; 0gqd k 0 guyf j yKMu&onh f taMumif;jzpf&yfudkaxmufaomf? ]]rdk;tcgumvüaejcif;}} qdkonfrSm? tjcm;aomv&moDumvrsm;ü aejcif;wdkYuJhodkY omrefaejcif;rsdK; r[kwf rlyJ? rdrdoDwif;oHk;&mausmif; (0gqdkacwf) rS tjcm;t&yfodkY 0gryefyJ nOfhtdyfnOfhaeroGm;&ojzihf? MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; pnf;urf;wusae& jcif;jzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;ygonf/ odkYjzpfí 0gqdkvqdkonfum; ]]þrdk;oHk;vwmumvywfvHk; tjcm;t&yfodkY nOfhtdyfnOfhaeroGm;yJ? þausmif;üom rdk;cdkíaexdkifyg rnf}} [k &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; &Gwfqdk0gqdkMu&aomv[k t"dyÜm,f &aMumif; od&SdrSwfom;&ygonf/ 0gqd k y G J a wmf t aMumif ; þvþtcgor,ü 0gqdyk aJG wmfukd qif,ifusi;f yMuayonf/ 0gqdkyGJawmftrnfrSm þ0gqdkumvtcgor,ü qifETJjyKvkyfMuonhf jrefrmh½dk;&m bmoma&;,Ofaus;rIyGJawmfrsm;udk pkaygif;NyD; ac:a0:Mu aom trnfjzpfygonf/

xd0k gqdyk aJG wmfwiG f yg0ifaomyGrJ sm;rSm (1) &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; 0denf;awmft& jyKvkyfMu&onhf 0gqdkyGJ/ (2) vl'g,um? 'g,dumrwdkY u &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;tm; 0gqdk0guyfawmfrlMu&mü toHk;jyKawmfrl EdkifMu&ef 0gqdkyef;ESihf 0gqdkouFef; uyfvSLyGJ/ (3) oufBuD;0gBuD; rdbbdk; bGm;rsm; uefawmhyGJ[lí qif,ifusif;yMuaomyGJawmfoHk;&yfwdkY jzpfMu onf/ xdyk aJG wmfrsm;teuf &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; 0denf;a'oemawmf t& 0gqdkawmfrlMu&onhf 0gqdkyGJrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif oufawmfxif&Sm; &SdawmfrlpOfumvuwnf;u pOfqufrjywf usif;ycJhMu&aom yGJawmf jzpfonf/ &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; 0gqdk0guyfjcif;wGif yk&dr0guyfjcif;ESifh ypädr0guyfjcif; ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/ yHkrSeftm;jzihfqdkaomf 0gqdkvjynhfausmf (1) &ufaeYü yk&dr0gudk 0gqdk0guyfMuygonf/ taMumif;rnDñGwfí aemufusaom oHCmawmfwdkYonf 0gqdkvjynhfausmf (1) &ufaeYwGif ypärd 0gtjzpf 0gqd0k guyfawmfrMl uygonf/ yk&rd 0guyfaom&[ef;wdo Yk nf oDwif;uRwfvjynhfaeYwGif oHk;vjynhfí 0guRwfMuygonf/ ypädr 0guyfaom &[ef;wdkYum; wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfaeYrS oHk;vjynhfí 0guRwfMuygonf/ a&S;acwfu vlysdK? tysdKrsm;onf 0gqdkvjynhfaeYüjzpfap? vjynhfausmfwpf&ufaeYüjzpfap? 0gqdkvwGif zl;yGifhMuaom ykef;nufyef; paom yef;rsdK;pHkwdkYudk awmwef;awmifwef;rsm;rS cl;qGwfMuNyD; apwD ykx;kd rsm;üjzpfap? 0gqdo k C H mawmfrsm;xHüjzpfap qufuyfvLS 'gef;Muavh &Sdygonf/ oufBuD;0gBuD;? rdbbdk;bGm; ylaZmfuefawmhyGJrsm;udkrlum;? a&S ; jref r mrif ; rsm;vuf x uf a wmf u pí 0g0if 0 gxG u f wpf B ud r f p D ? wpfESpfvQif ESpfBudrfusif;yí ylaZmfuefawmhcJhMu½dk;&SdcJhMuaMumif; jrefrmh "avhxHk;wrf; *g&0r*Fvm? ylZmpr*Fvmw&m;awmfESihftnD usif;ycJhMu onfudk jyefvnfwrf;w wifjyvkduf&ygonf/ Nidrf;csrf;OD;

THE EXPLANATION OF THE NOBLE PRACTICE "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS

17

awmfro l nht f wkid ;f qif;&JtppftrSejf zpfaom ]]'kut © &d,m opömw&m;}} ('ku©opöm)ü opöÓPftm;jzihf xif&Sm;[kwfrSef razmufjyefEkdifaom w&m;onf ]]pu©K"r®? ÓP"r®? ynm"r®? 0dZÆm"r®? tmavmu"r®}} wnf;[laom "r®\ obm0taygif; (5)yg;? ]]'óe|twå? Ów|twå? yZm ee|twå? y#da0"|twå? Mobmoe|twå}} wnf ; [l a om owå0gwdkY pGJvef;xifrSwfrSm;Mu&aom? twå\ obm0taygif; (5)yg;? xd k t wå obm0wd k Y ü rpG J v ef ; rl í "r® \ obm0(5)yg;üomvQif qif j cif y d k i f ; jcm; yG m ;rsm;Mu&ef ? tusKd ; taMumif ; ES i h f w uG ? y0wdårsufarSmufü "r®puú\ vSnhf[efudk odem;vnfxm;&efvdk\/ y0wd å r suf a rS m uf ü "r® p uú v S n h f [ ef y0wdårsufarSmufü "r®puú\ vSnhf[efrSm þodkYjzpf\/ pu©K "r "r® jrif w wf a omw&m;/ ÓP"r® o d w wf a omw&m;? ynm"r ynm"r® 0d Z Æ m "r tmavmu"r rSwfwwf aomw&m;/ "r® cHpm;wwfaomw&m;/ tmavmu"r® tm½H k ü jzpf w wf y suf w wf a omw&m;wd k Y o nf xif & S m ;[k w f r S e f razmuf j yef E k d i f & S d a eMuojzih f xd k " r® \ obm0ud k tpd k ; &ouJ h o d k Y xifrSwfí tewåudk twå[kpGJvef;Mu&aom owå0gwdkY\ pu©Kyom'ü jrif & xif & jcif ; taMumif ; rS m Am[D & ü tvif ; wnf ; [l a om tmavmu"r® u d k &ojzih f rd r d \ pu© K yom'tMunf " mwf w G i f t&dyfta&mif ta&;taMumif; xifjcif;wnf;[laom tusKd;qufudk &ukef\/

jrwf p G m bk & m;tavmif ; awmf 0gqk d v jynf h a eY w G i f oaE¨ , l a wmf r l p Of

(3) qif;&JNidrf;&m csrf;omtppftrSefjzpfaom ]'ku©eda&m" t&d,opöm w&m;}} (ed a &m"opö m ) The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering. (Nirodha sacca-)

(4) qif;&JNird ;f &m a&mufaMumif;tusiv fh rf;aumif; tppftrSejf zpfaom ]]'ku©eda&m"*grded y#dy'g t&d,opömw&m;}} (r*¾opöm) The Noble Truth of the Path or the way leads to the cessation of suffering. (Magga sacca-) [lonfh ]t&d,opöm av;yg;}

rd * 'g0k e f a wm? "r® p Mumw&m;OD ; a[mawmf r l c J h o nf h ae&mwG i f

wdkYudk zGihfqdka[m`rGwfawmfrlcJhygonf/ wnf x m;aom rl v "r® p Mum½k y f y G m ;awmf "r® p uú y Ü 0 wå e ok w å e , y#d y gwf usih f p Of u m; xdkt&dyfta&mifwnf;[laom taMumif;udktpGJjyKí xdkxif þ"r®puúyÜ0wåeokwfawmfü jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif a[m`rGwf tyfaom t[D&0w¬K½kyfodkY rdrd\ tm½Hka&S;½Iajy;ojzihf? jrifjcif;wnf; [laom pu©K"r®\ tusKd;qufudk &ukef\/ wzef xdkpu©K"r®wnf;[l aom taMumif;udkpGJí xdkjriftyfaom 0w¬K½kyfü ÓP"r®wnf;[laom odjcif;tusK;d qufukd &uke\ f / xdo k jd cif;wnf;[laom ÓP"r®taMumif; udk pGJí xdkodtyfaom 0w¬K½kyfü tjym;tm;jzihf rSwf,lEkdifaom ynm "r®wnf;[laom tusKd;qufudk &ukef\/ xdktjym;tm;jzihf rSwf,ltyf aom ynm"r®wnf;[laom taMumif;udpk í JG tpOfcpH m;wwfaom 0dZÆm "r® w nf ; [l a om tusKd ; quf u k d & uk e f \ / tpOf c H p m;wwf a om 0dZÆm"r®wnf;[laom taMumif;udkpGJí? rdrd\ tm½Hkü xif&Sm;aom tvif;udk jzpfap ysufapwwfaom tmavmu"r®w nf ; [l a om tusKd;qufudk &ukef\/ þuJ h o d k Y v Qif pu© K "r® ? ÓP"r® ? ynm"r® ? 0d Z Æ m "r® ? tavmif ; awmf od ' ¨ w ¦ r if ; om; 0gqk d v jynf h a eY w G i f awmxG u f a wmf r l p Of tmavmu"r®wdkY tusKd;taMumif;ESihfwuG qufpyfí jzpfMuukef\/

THE EXPLANATION OF THE NOBLE PRACTICE

18

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

vk r Ç d e D rd * 'g0k e f a wm? "r® p Mumw&m;OD ; a[mawmf r l c J h o nf h ae&mwG i f wnf x m;aom "ar® c apwD a wmf

"r® p MumvS n h f v nf a eonf u d k od a pjcif ; iS m pu©K"r®ponfjzihf tzefzeftxyfxyf r&yfrem; puf&[wf uJhodkY vSnhfvnfjcif;udk y0wdårsufarSmufüxif&Sm;[kwfrSef razmufjyef Ekdif&Sdaeonfudk owå0gwdkYtm; odap jrifapjcif;iSm pu©HK O'yg' O'yg'd tp&Sd onfh "r®puúyÜ0wåeokwåefa'oemawmfudk a[m`rGwfawmfrljcif;jzpfay onf/ pu© K ig;yg;ES i h f aO,s"H w &m;ig;yg; xdkokdYa[mawmfrlaom pu©KwdkYwGif oorÇm&pu©K? yom'pu©K? "r®pu©K? 'dApÁ u©K? orEÅpu©K[lí ig;yg;tjym;&Sdavonf/ xdkpu©Kig;yg; tjym;wdkYwGif Am[D&½kyf"mw mwf? tmavmuwnf;[laom Moumo "mwf? tZÑwårHo"mw "mwf? ¤if;rHo"mwf\twGif;ü tMunfwnf;[laom yom'"mw yom'"mwf? ¤if;"mwfav;yg;wdkYwuGeuf aygif;pkí taqmuftOD jzpf j cif ; ? oorÇ m &pu© K ? ¤if ; ½k y f " mwf w d k Y u d k twd w f t em*gwf , l aqmif E k d i f j cif ; ? yom'pu© K ? taMumif ; \nD ñ G w f j cif ; aMumih f ? tusKd ; quf j zpf o jzih f ? tpd k ; r&jcif ; ud k jrif j cif ; onf "r® p u© K ? twd w f u mv tem*wf u mvwd k Y ü taMumif ; nD ñ G w f o jzih f tusKd;qufjzpfonfudk xdk;xGif;í odjrifEkdifjcif; onf 'dAÁpu©K? ¤if; ]pu© K av;yg;} ES i h f w uG ocF g &? 0d u m& vu© P ? ed A Á m ef ? ynwf wnf;[laom pu©Kig;yg;ESihf jynhfpHkjcif;onf oAÁnK&Sif awmfbk&m;rsm; rS o mvQif jynh f p H k a wmf r l E k d i f M uygonf / om0uaAm"d r sm;rS m orEÅpu©Kuv kd w T í f usepf u©Kav;yg;ESifh jynhpf EkH idk Mf uygonf/ ykxZk Ofrsm; rSm oorÇm&pu©K? yom'pu©K wdkYESihf jynhfpHkEkdifMuygonf/ tmo0qd k o nf r S m xdkoorÇm&pu©K? yom'pu©KwdkYwGif a&S;OD;pGm oorÇm&pu©K ESihfwuG pu©K'Gg&udk zGihfvSpf&jcif;tOD;tpjzpfí (tm'd)? ,if;odkY zGifhvSpf ojzihf Am[D&½kyf"mwfwdkY oorÇm&pu©K'Gg&ü wpfNydKifeuf ta&;t&dyf xifjcif;(o[) (o[)? xdkxiftyfaom ½kyf"mwfudk rdr\ d tm½Hük &Guaf qmifo jzihf (0[) (0[)wnf;[laom oabmudak ygif;pkítac:vG,af pjcif;tusK;d iSm (tmo0) (tmo0)[lí ac:onf/ umvoH k ; yg;ü pD ; oG m ;aompd w f xddk(tmo0) tmo0)wGif awmihfwjcif;udk pGJvef;í &Gufaqmif&jcif; (umrtmo0) (umrtmo0)? twåobm0udk jzpfvdkí &Gufaqmif&jcif; (b0

tmo0) tmo0)? "r® o bm0ig;yg;ud k r jrif r l í ? rd r d \ pG J v ef ; tyf a om twåobm0 ig;yg;udkomjrifojzihf &Gufaqmif&jcif;('d|dtmo0) mo0)? ok c jzpf í ok c csKyf j cif ; ? 'k u © j zpf í 'k u © c sKyf j cif ; ponf w d k Y u d k tcdkuftwefYrQom[k xif&Sm; rodojzihf 'ku©paom ted|m½HkwdkYudk vGefrif;pGm rESpfoufonfjzpfí okcpaom £|m½HkwdkYudkom tvdk&Sd onfjzpfí awmihw f jcif;? aMumihMf ujcif;? awG;awmBupH nfjcif;wdüYk rdr\ d tm½Hktvdktwdkif; rjynhfpHkEkdifonf udk jynhfpHkEdk;Edk;ESihf &Gufaqmif&jcif; (t0d Z Æ m tmo0) tmo0)[l o nh f ]tmo0 av;yg;} wd k Y u d k &G u f a qmif & ef umvoH k ; yg;wd k Y ü pD ; oG m ;aom tBuH o nf (pd w f ) jzpf \ / xdkpdwftm½HkonfyifvQif (tmoa0g) w&m;jzpfav\/ xdkpD;oGm;aom ½kyf"mwfüomvQif ta&;xifrSwfonfjzpfí (tu©)? xdkxifrSwfaom ½kyf"mwfudkyifvQif pGJvef;aom (Oyg'gef)? xdkOyg'gefü (O)o&ESihfwuG tu©Asnf;wdkYudk uyfonf&Sdaomf (tu©K) [líayg&mPbmomtm;jzihf urÇmOD; vlwdkY teufzGifhqdkac:a0: orkwMf uonf/ (xdt k aMumif;udk tus,o f v d ykd gvQif bmomxl; bmom jcm;tac:ta0: a0g[m&pum;wd k Y u d k tus,f & S i f ; jyaom t&Sio f CF&u©w d rax&f pD&ifa&;om;aom ]okaAm"mvuFm& tvuFm usrf;} wGif avhvmawmfrlEkdifMuygonf/) twd w f u mvu rS w f , l c H p m;cJ h z l ; aom ½k y f xdk(tu©)[laom ta&;xifrSwfjcif;onf (Am[D&½kyf"mwf)? oorÇm&wnf;[laom (tZÑwå½kyf"mwf)/ xdk½kyf"mwfESpfyg;aygif;pko jzihf ta&;xifrSwfjcif;udk pGJí aumif;? raumif; od&jcif;onf twdwf umvu rSwf,lcHpm;cJhzl;aom ½kyfudkom pGJíodEkdifavonf/ Oyg'geu© E ¨ m ig;yg; odkYjzpfí twdwfumvtEko,jzpfcJhzl;aom ½kyfü? yx0D paom t|uvmyf½kyf&Spfck? ypöKyÜefumvAm[D&½kyf"mwfü t|uvmyf ½kyf&Spfck? rdrd\tZÑwåoorÇm&wnf;[laom ½kyfü t|uvmyf½kyf&Spfck? ,if;oH;k Xmewdu Yk kd aygif;½ke;f aomf? ESpq f ,fah v;yg;aom ½kyw f o Ykd nf pGv J ef; uyf N id a om ae&mXmeüomvQif jzpf j cif ; oabm&S d o nf j zpf í (t|uvmyf½kyf)onf (½ly))/ rdrd\ tm½HkpGJvef;jcif;onf (Oy'ge) twdwfu pGJvef;cJhzl;aom (tEko,) ,)/ ypöKyÜef-tZÑwåAm[D&ponfjzihf ta&;taMumif;xifjcif;(tu©)? aygif;pk&jcif;(cE¨)? ¤if;cE¨üomvQif rdrd\ tm½Hk a&SU½Ionfjzpfí(½ly? Oy'ge? tu©? cE¨? tm,we) tm,we)wdkYudk aygif;í oabmtm;jzihf tac:vG,fapjcif;iSm (½lykyg'geu©E¨m)[lí ac:onf / tvm;wl p G m (a0'Ek y g'geu© E ¨ m ? onKyg'geu© E ¨ m ? ocF g ½k y g'g eu© E ¨ m ? 0d n mPk y g'geu© E ¨ m ))wd k Y u d k v nf ; ¤if ; enf ; wl rSwf,l&ef jzpfygonf/ oH c d a wå e yÍö K yg'geu© E ¨ m 'k u © m xdkcE¨ig;yg;wdkYüomvQif (tedpö? 'ku©? tewå)[lí vu©Pm a&;oHk;yg;udk rSwfaMumif; wifum yGm;rsm;EkdifMuaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; 'ku© opömü opömÓPfudk ydkif;jcm;Ekdif&ef tusOf;tm;jzihf ]oHcdawåe yÍöKyg'g eu©E¨m 'ku©m} [lí "r®puúy0Ü wåeokww f efa'oemawmfü jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mawmfrlygonf/ ok c vnf ; a0'em? 'k u © v nf ; a0'em þodYk jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfr&l mü (okc) [lonfvnf; (a0'eu©E¨m))jzpfonf/ ('ku©)[lonfvnf; (a0'eu©E¨m))yifjzpfonf/ 0'em) kYudk yk*¾dKvfowå0g[k xdkYaMumihf xd(ok k(okca0'em? 'ku©a0'em)wd pmrsuf E S m 19 ok d Y

THE PRAISEWORTHINESS "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

a&Tjynfom y&d,wdåpmoifwdkufrS ,ckESpfwdyd#u a&G;cs,fa&; pmar;yGJESihf ygVdyxrjyefpmar;yGJ txl;atmif yk*¾dKvfESpfyg; 1371 ck E S p f 62 Bud r f a jrmuf w d y d # ua&G ; cs,f a &; pmar;yG J B uD ; wG i f &ef u k e f w d k i f ; ? a&T j ynf o mNrd K Ue,f ? a&T j ynf o m y&d , wd å p moif w d k u f r S 0d e nf ; a&S U yd k i f ; ES p f u srf ; tm*H k a qmif tod t rS w f j yKvuf r S w f u d k cH , l r nf h

t&S i f y nmaZmw(uif ; prf ; ) touf (24)? od u © m (4)0g arG ; zG m ;&mZmwd E S i h f ouú & mZf t&S i f y nmaZmwonf ppf u d k i f ; wd k i f ; ? bk w vif N rd K Ue,f ? uif;prf;&Gmae crnf;awmf OD;oef;pdef+r,fawmf a':NyHK;wifwdkYrS 1347 ckESpf? uqkefvjynhfausmf (8)&uf? Mumoyaw;aeYwGif zGm;jrif aom om;&wemjzpfygonf/ OyorÜ ' r*F v m 1367 ckEpS ?f wefc;l vqef; (10)&uf? aomMumaeYwiG f &efuek f wdik ;f ? r*Fvm'HNk rKd Ue,f? jrode;f wefausmif; y"meem,uq&mawmf b'´EÅ awZudk OyZÑm,fjyKí &efuek w f ikd ;f ? vdiI Nf rKd Ue,fae (OD;vSñeG )Yf +a':ciftek ;f jrifh(om;) armifwifxG#f(orD;)rxdkufxdkufa0? rcifrmvmñGefY rdom;pk? &ef u k e f w d k i f ; ? r*F v m'H k N rd K Ue,f ? r*F v m'H k O ,smOf N rd K Uawmf a e OD;[efapm+a':pef;pef;&D(pef;&DpuúLbl;puf½Hk)rdom;pkwdkY\ ypö,mEk*¾[ wdkYudk cH,lum jrihfjrwfaom &[ef;tjzpfodkY a&muf&SdcJhygonf/ aus;Zl ; &S i f q&mawmf r sm; ppfudkif;wdkif;? bkwvifNrdKUe,f? uif;pif;xHk;BuD;ausmif; q&m awmf b'´EÅ0g,r? b'´EÅOwår? b'´EÅ £E´u? b'´EÅ okZe? &efukefwdkif;?

A[ef;NrdKUe,f? 0drvm&mrewfuRef;ausmif;q&mawmf b'´EÅ0drv ('DC bmPu)ESihf pmcsq&mawmfrsm; r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? t&d,mr@dKif pmoifwdkuf? y"meem,u q&mawmfb'´EÅoDvmpm&? b'´EÅynm avmu? b'´EÅy@dw? yJcl;NrdKU? Mucwf0dkif;ausmif;wdkufy"me em,u q&mawmf b'´EÅ aZmwdygv? wdkuftkyfq&mawmf b'´EÅan,s "r®m bd0HoESihf pmcsq&mawmfrsm;? &efukefwdkif;? a&TjynfomNrdKUe,f? a&Tjynf om y&d , wd å p moif w d k u f ? y"meem,uq&mawmf b'´ E Å e m*d w ('Gdyd#u"&)ESihf pmcsq&mawmfrsm;jzpfygonf/ tjrif h q H k ; atmif j rif c J h o nf h pmar;yG J r sm; tpd;k &yxrBu;D wef;? edum,kaZÆmwuorDwd Obawmb*F"& pmar;yGJwdkYudk atmifjrifcJhygonf/ 1371 ckESpf (62)Budrfajrmuf? wdyd#u"& a&G;cs,fa&; pmar; yGJBuD;wGif 0denf; a&SUydkif;ESpfusrf;udk tm*Hkjyefqdk atmifjrifawmfrlaom aMumihf todtrSwfjyK vufrSwfudk cH,l&&SdawmfrlcJhygonf/

19

&ef u k e f w d k i f ; a&T j ynf o mNrd K Ue,f a&T j ynf o my&d , wd å p moif w d k u f r S yxri,f w ef ; yxrjyef t xl ; atmif v uf r S w f cH , l r nf h jref r mwpf j ynf v H k ; wwd , qG w f c l ; &&S d a om &S i f o mraP &S i f p aE´ m bmo

arG ; zG m ;&m Zmwd E S i h f ouú & mZf &SifpaE´mbmoonf 1354 ckESpf eawåmfvqkwf(6)&uf t*Fg aeYwGif rauG;wdkif; yckuúLNrdKUe,f ul;aus;&Gmtkyfpk ajryef;awmif;&Gm wGif crnf;awmf OD;jrihfEG,f+r,fawmf a':pef;at;wdkYrS zGm;jrifygonf/ omraP&yAÁ Z Æ r *F v m 1368 ckEpS w f iG f tvSLU'g,um OD;atmifjrih+f tvSLU'g,dumr a':cif&DwdkY\ ypö,mEk*¾[csD;ajr§mufrIjzihf ul;ajrmufausmif;q&mawmf OD;aZmwduudk OyZÑm,fjyKí &SifomraPtjzpfodkY a&muf&SdcJhygonf/ aus;Zl ; &S i f q &mawmf r sm; 1371 ckESpfwGif &efukefwdkif; ajrmufydkif;c½dkif a&TjynfomNrdKU e,f 6^10 &yfuGuf um;BuD;*dwfteD; oHvGifvrf; a&Tjynfomy&d,wdå pmoifwdkufodkY a&muf&SdcJhygonf/ a&Tjynfom y&d,wdå y"meem,u q&mawmf b'´EÅem*dw 'Gdyd#u"& 'DC^0de, ygVdyg&*l t*¾r[m*E¦ 0gpu y@dw EkdifiHawmfA[dkoHCmh0efaqmif q&mawmfESihf pmcs q&m awmfrsm;xHü yxri,fwef;qdkif&m pmayrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;vsuf 2010 ckESpf tpdk;& yxrjyefpmar;yGJajzqdkcJh&m &efukefwdkif; wpfwdkif; vH;k ü ('kw, d )&&Scd NhJ y;D ? Ekid if aH wmftqihyf xrjyeftxl;atmif a&G;cs,af &; pmar;yGJü yxr i,fwef;wGif jrefrmwpfjynfvHk; (wwd,)&&SdcJhygonf/ ,cktcg &Sipf aE´mbmoonf a&Tjynfomy&d,wdpå moifwu kd f ü oDwif;oHk;vsuf&Sdygonf/ pmrsuf E S m 18 rS rqdktyf/ xdk(okca0'em? 'ku©a0'em)wdkYonf (tedpö? 'ku©? tewå? 'ku© opöm? oHom& 0¥'ku©) omjzpfukefonf[k owdrdrd od&Sdaeatmif rSwfí yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMu&m\/ urÇ m teEÅ r od r jrif E k d i f M uaom w&m;jrwf þ ]]"r® p uú y Ü 0 wå e ok w å e , y#d y gwf usih f p Of } } onf wdrfra,mifESihfeuf? vG,fra,mifESihfcufcJeufeJonhft&mjzpfonf/ owå0gteEÅwdkYtzdkY urÇmtqufquf rodEkdif rjrifEkdifMuygacs/ wpfql wpfqlaom oAÁnKwÓPfawmf&Sif jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifrsm; yGihfawmfrl rS oAÁnKwÓPfawmfjzihf xifjrifawmfrlaomaMumihf ewfvljA[®m owå0gwdt Yk m; þ0gqdrk mo xl;jrwfonft h cg or,wGif bk&m;&Siw f ikd ;f a[m`rGwfawmfrlygonfh w&m;xl; "r®puf a&TEIwfawmfxGuf "r®&wem tppf tjrwfBu;D jzpfygaMumif; a&;om;wifjyylaZmfuefawmhtyfygonf/ "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f &ef u k e f N rd K U/

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI

20

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq

a&;om;jyKp

v,fweD , d

NIYAMA DIPANI OR MAN b

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, TRANSLATED From the Pa-l.i, B Revised and Edited by Mrs. C.A The Residuum Translated by V (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmfü y#dpöorkyÜm'fw&m;udk owåavmu\ "r®ed,mr w&m;[lí a[mawmfrl\/ (1) t0d Z Æ m ypö , m ocF g &m?

(2) ocF g &ypö , m 0d n mPH ?

(3) 0d n mPypö , m emr½l y H ?

(4) emr½l y pö , m oVm,weH ?

(5) oVm,weypö , m zaóm?

(6) zóypö , m a0'em?

(7) a0'emypö , m wPS m ?

(8) wPS m ypö , m Oyg'geH ?

(9) Oyg'geypö , m ba0g?

(10) b0ypö , m Zmwd ?

(11) Zmwd y pö , m Z&m r&PH / y#dpöorkyÜg'f taMumif;tusdK;tpHk (11)/ (1) t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&m? vl? ewf? jA[®mac:qdkaom ud, k cf E¨mtkypf o k nf yk*Kd¾ vrf [kw?f owå0gr[kw?f vlç ewfç jA[®mr[kw?f tvGefaMumufrufzG,faumif;vSaom ½kyf"mwfpkç emrf"mwfpkrQom jzpf onfudk xifvif;pGm rodjcif;aMumifh xdk½kyf"mwfpkç emrf"mwfpkwdkYudk tzefzefjyKpk ysdK;axmifjcif;[laom ocFg&[laom ocFg&w&m;wdkY jzpfymG ;Muukefonf/ (2) ocFg&ypö,m 0dnmPH? ocFg&[laom rsKd ;aphw&m;yGm;rsm; jcif;aMumihf aemufb0ü 0dnmPf[laom tusdK;zv y"me"mwfrSL;BuD; jzpfay:onf/ (3) 0dnmPypö,m emr½ly?H 0dnmPf[al om y"me"mwfrLS ;Bu;D jzpfay:jcif;aMumihf emrum,BuD;ç ½lyum,BuD; yGm;pD;jzpfay:onf/ (zóç a0'emç onmç apwem tp&Sdaom apwodufemrfpkudk emrum, qdkonf/) (4) emr½lyypö,m oVm,weH? emrum,BuD;ç ½lyum,BuD; yGm;pD;jzpfay:jcif;aMumihf ½lyum,ü tm½Hw k \ Ykd qdu k &f ef ½kyMf unfig;yg;? emrum,ü tm½Hw k \ Ykd qdu k 0f if&ef raemtMunfwpfyg;? tMunfajcmuf yg;? wHcg;ajcmufckjzpfay:onf/ (pu©Kç aomwç Cmeç Zd0Smç um,½kyf

(Continue from last week) It must be borne in mind that here by 'result kamma' is meant something 'born of the result of kamma' for instance, the supernormal faculties, included under the category of things not within the range of thought, became possible through the kamma of past lives.

The faculties as such are of many kinds; each realm of beings having its own supernormal powers.

As regards the supernormal powers of the Brahma--gods we are informed, in the Sankha-ruppatti-sutta, of the persence of one thousand to ten thousand Brahma-s: that of these, one thousand Brahma-s permeate one thousand world-systems with their radiance, two thousand Brahma-s permeate two thousand worldsystems, and so on. These are the Maha-brahma-s living on the plane of the first stage of Jhana-rapture. Now the gods and men who live beneath this plane imagine and recognise this or that Maha-brahma- to be the maker of the whole world, the lord of the whole world, omnipresent, immutable, eternal saviour of the world.

It is said in the Mula-pannasa, the first sutta of the Majjhimanikaya: 'He (i.e, an ordinary thinker who is not familiar with the Ariyan mode of thinking) apprehends Brahma- as Brahma-. Having apprehended Brahma- as Brahma-, he fancies him to be the Brahma, conceives attributes in the Brahma-, fancies that the world is from the Brahma, imagines that the Brahma-, is his, and extols the Brahmaas such. What is the cause of it? I say, it is because this matter is not truly understood by him."

Here the meaning of 'apprehends Brahma- as Brahma-' is: he apprehends the god just as people commonly do in ordinary speech. And the phrase 'he fancies him to be the Brahma- implies that he imagines him (a) according to his unregenerate desires, thinking 'Lo! this Great Brahma- in all his beauty!' (b) according to his fancies as to values (ma-na), thinking: "He is the supreme, the most high in the world;' (c) according to his speculative opinions, thinking: 'He is the unchangeable, immutable eternal, stable and enduring, for ever.'

The expression 'he conceives attributes in the Brahma' implies that he conceives such and such light, and such splendour,

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

pawmf awmfrlaom

,mr'DyeD

NUAL OF COSMIC ORDER by

Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.

By M. Barua. M.A., D. Litt, and A.F. Rhys Davids, M.A. D. Litt.

VEN. U Nya-na., Pathamagyaw.

Munfig;yg;)/ (5) oVm,weypö,m zaóm? tMunfajcmufyg; wHcg; ajcmufckjzpfay:vmjcif;aMumifh wpfckwpfckaom 'Gm&tMunf tm½Hk0d nmPf oHk;ckvHk;axGrI[laom zóajcmufyg; jzpfyGm;onf/ (6) zóypö,m a0'em? tMunfç tm½Hçk 0dnmPfo;kH ck vH;k axG; rI[laom zóajcmufyg; jzpfyGm;jcif;aMumihf cHpm;rIç cHpm;rI[laom a0'emajcmufyg; jzpfyGm;onf/ (7) a0'emypö,m wPSmç cHpm;rIç pHpm;rI[laom a0'em ajcmufyg;jzpfymG ;jcif;aMumihf cHpm;rI\ todu k t f tHk tvH;k pHw k u Ykd kd om,m wG,fwmrI[laom wPSmajcmufyg;jzpfyGm;onf/ (8) wPSmypö,m Oyg'geH? om,mwG,fwmrI[laom wPSm ajcmuf y g; jzpf y G m ;jcif ; aMumih f twG , f t pG J NrJ B uD ; NrJ j cif ; [l a om Oyg'gefw&m; jzpfyGm;onf/ (9) Oyg'geypö,m ba0g? twG,ftpGJ NrJBuD;NrJjcif;[laom Oyg'gef w&m;jzpfymG ;jcif;aMumifh Oyg'geftpD;tyGm;udk vku d pf m;tm;xkwf rI[laom okp&dwç 'kpö&dw b0ESpfyg;jzpfyGm;onf/ (10) b0ypö,m Zmwd? okp&dwç 'kp&ö w d b0ESpyf g; jzpfymG ;jcif; aMumifh pkw\ d emufü cE¨mtopftopf jzpfay:jcif;[laom Zmwdw&m; jzpfyGm;onf/ (11) Zmwdypö,m Z&mr&PH? topftopfjzpfay:rI&Sdjcif; aMumihf opforQ a[mif;jcif;? jzpfay:orQ aysmufysuf&jcif;[laom Z&mr&Pw&m;jzpfyGm;onf/ þum; tpHk 11-\teuf/ t0dZÆmç ocFg&? twdwfb0ü&SdcJhaom w&m;ESpfyg;/ 0dnmPfç emrf½kyf/ v/ b0? ,ckypöKyÜefw&m;&Spfyg;/ Zmwdç Z&mç r&P? aemuftem*wfb0ü jzpfay:vwåHUaom w&m;oHk;yg;/ 0dnmPfonf ,ckb0\ tpaywnf;/ ,ckb0jzpfay:&ef taMumif;um; t0dZÆmç ocFg&aywnf;/ t0dZÆmç ocFg&onfum; ,ck b0\ a&SUwnf;/ twdwb f 0ay:\/ twdwb f 0qdo k nfum;- 0dnmPfç emrf½kyf ponf&Spfyg;wdkYyifwnf;/ xdkb0üvnf; 0dnmPftpay:jyef\/ xd0k n d mPfjzpfay:&ef t0dZmÆ ocFg& a&SUb0ay:jyef\/ twdwo f o H &mü terw*¾tp r&Sday:av\/ Zmwdonf tem*wfb0\ tpaywnf;/

such and such supernatural powers in him. The expression 'he fancies that the world is from the Brahma-' signifies that he thinks that this world is born of, i.e, emanates from, this Brahma-, comes into existence only in relation to him. The expression 'imagines that the Brahma- is his' implies that he considers the Brahma- to be our master, lord, and refuge. 'Extols the Brahma- as such' means that he praises him by saying, 'Aha! how majestic is he! Ah! how powerful is he!' The expression 'Because this matter is not truly understood by him' means that it is not discerned by the threefold mode of discerning: In the first place he does not investigate it in the light of such an axiom of knowledge as the Brahma- as such does not exist, the only existing things are the psychical and physical facts and conditions classed as ;name-and form', In the second place he does not investigate the matter by the light of higher reason, which judges the psychical and physical facts and conditions as such are by nature impermanent, involveills, and are accordingly not of the nature of soul or deity.

And in the third place he does not investigate the matter by the light of a felt necessity of abandoning, once for all, craving, imagined values, and false speculation which are rooted in erroneous apperception. These were indicated above in connection with our explanation of the expressions 'He apprehends', 'He fancies', 'He extols, 'This lack of knowledge, indeed, is the cause of his apprehending and imagining and praising after this sort.

As regards the remaining faculties, such as those which are peculiar to the gods, etc. they are made manifest in the Deva, Sakka, Brahma-, Yakkha, Na-ga, Supanna, and Lakkhana Samyuttas (in the Samyutta nika-ya), as well as in the peta-vatthu and other texts.

These faculties are not seldom found among men. But common people do not know and see them, although they are lodged in their own bodies. The reculuses and Brahmans of great supernormal power in the past, or those who cultivate occult lore, alone know and see them. Those supernormal faculties, born of the result of kamma, are outside the mental range of average folks and should not be studied.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI

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"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

tem*wfb0qdkonfum;- 0dnmPç emrf½kyfponf t*Fg&Spfyg;yifwnf;/ xdk&Spfyg;wdkYwGif ur®b0t*Fgonf tqHk;t*Fgjzpfjyef\/ xdkt*FgaMumihf xdkrS aemufb0ü Zmwday:&jyef\/ xdkrS aemufb0qdkonfum;0dnmPfç emrf½kyfponf t*Fg&Spfyg;yifwnf;/ xdk&Spfyg;wkdYwGif ur®b0 t*FgaMumihf aemufb0ü Zmwday:&jyef\/ tem*wfoo H &mü terw*¾ tqHk;r&Sd ay:av\/ t0dZÆmwPSmwdkYudk y,fowfEdkifrS qHk;awmhonf/ þodkYvQif wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomol jyKvkyfzefqif;rIr&SdyJ terw*¾ oHo&mumvü emrf"r®? ½ky"f r®w\ Ykd taMumif;tusKd ; tqufquf tpOf NrJíaeonfudk "r®ed,mr qdkownf;/ wpfckaom b0jzpfay:&mü t0dZÆmonf ajrESihfwl\/ wPSm onf rdk;a&ESihfwl\/ ocFg&[laom apwem"mwfBuD;onf o&ufrsdK;aph ESihfwl\/ aemufb0ü 0dnmPfonf o&ufrsdK;aphrS ay:aygufaom o&ufan§mufi,fESihfwl\/ emrum,BuD;? ½lyum,BuD; ESpfyg;onf o&ufan§mifhi,frS qufvufBuD;yGm;íoGm;aom o&ufyifBuD;ESifhwl\/ emrum,Bu;D qdo k nfrmS zóç a0'emç onmç apwem ponf? 0dwufç 0dpm&ç 0d&d, ponf? avmb? a'go? arm[ç rmeç 'd|d ponf? o'¨gç owdç [d&dç MowyÜç ynm ponfjzihf pdwf0dnmPf\ tNcHt&Hemrfac: aom w&m;rsdK; rsm;jym;vsuf&SdaomaMumihf emrum,BuD; qdkayonf/ oVm,weajcmufyg;onf o&ufyGihfcdkifpkESihfwl\/ zóajcmufyg;onf o&ufyGihfwpfpkESihfwl\/ a0'emajcmufyg;onf o&ufyGihfpkESihfwl\/ wPSmajcmufyg;onf o&ufoD;uif;pkESifhwl\/ Zmwdonf xdko&ufaph rS aygufaom aemufo&ufyifESihfwl\/ taMumif;tusdK; tqihfqihf jzpfyGm;í oGm;yHkrQudkjyaom Oyrmwnf;/ owå a vmu\ "r® e d , mr jyqd k c ef ; NyD ; \/ opö m ES p f r sd K ;ES i h f a0g[m&ES p f r sd K ; þavmuoH k ; \jzpf y H k u d k ajymqd k o l w d k Y o nf opö m ES p f r sd K ; a0g[m&ESpfrsdK;wdkYudk odrSwf&if; &SdMuukef&m\/ opömESpfrsdK;qdkonfum;or®KwdopömwpfrsdK;ç y&rw¬opömwpfrsdK;/ or®Kwdopöm qdkonfum; xdx k v kd rl sKd ;wdrYk mS trSejf yKí ac:a0:ajymqdMk uaom pum;rsKd ;wnf;/ igwkYd jrefrmEkdifiHü EGm;udk EGm;[líç uRJudk uRJ[lí ac:a0:ajymqdkvQif trSef us\/ or®Kwdopömjzpf/ tb,fhaMumifh trSefusoenf;/ þEdkifiHrSm vltrsm;wdkY ac:a0:½dk;ç ajymqdk½dk; &Sdonftwdkif; ajymqdkonfjzpfí b,folrS vSnfpm;&mrusaomaMumifh trSefyifjzpfayownf;/ EGm;[l aom owå0gç uRJ[laom owå0gonf avmuü {uef&SdtrSefjzpf\/ þtaumifBuD;onf EGm;trSefjzpf\/ uRJtrSefjzpf\/ or®Kwdopömay wnf;/ þor®Kwo d pömonf vltrsm;ac:a0:rIukd tpOfvu dk \ f / vltrsm; nDnmvQif ajymif;csiw f idk ;f ajymif;Edik \ f / nDnmí ajymif;a&GUajymqdv k Qif tcsif;csif; vSnhfpm;rIr&SdNyD/ y&rw¬opöm qdkonfum;- "mwfobm0ç "r®obm0wdkYESihf tajzmihu f saom pum;rsKd ;wnf;/ rodru I kd arm[qd\ k / odru I kd ÓPfac: \/ tajzmifhus\/ rodrIudk ÓPf? odrIudk arm[[lí ajymif;a&GUír&/ tb,faMumihfenf;[lrl ajymif;a&GUcJhvQif r&rw¬ opömysuf\/ rdpäm 'd|djzpfwwf\/ or®KwdopömysufvQif rkom0g'jzpfwwf\/ y&rw¬opöm ysufcJhvQif 'd|djzpfwwf\/ a0g[m& ESpfrsdK;qdkonfum;- okwåefa0g[m&wpfrsdK;ç tbd "r®ma0g[m&wpfrsdK;/ yk*¾dKvfç owå0gç jA[®mç vlç ewfç rdef;rç a,musfm; tp&Sdaom a0g[m&rsdK;onf okwåefa0g[m&rsdK; rnf\/ or®Kwdopöm \ qdkif&maywnf;/ emrfç ½kyfç zóç a0'emç yx0Dç tmayg tp&Sdaom a0g[m&rsd K ;onf tbd " r® m a0g[m&rsd K ; rnf \ / y&rw¬ o pö m \ qdkif&maywnf;/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

Nevertheless these faculties are really common, speaking generally, to all beings. For all beings, during their continual journey in this endless series of lives, may travel from the nethermost purgatories to the topmost scale of existence, through all those that are intermediate. They may attain then to the state of gods, to that of Sakka, Brahma-, Maha-bra-hmas, and so on. Again from this highest scale they may be reborn into the states of woe.

He who is today the King of Gods or a Brahma-, endowed with majestic powers, may become tomorrow a dog or a hog, and so on in rotation.

Other results of kamma not within the range of thought are such as come into effect among infra-human beings, Besides, in the bodies of men and of the brute creation there are physical conditions of the sense-faculties, resulting from past kammas.

These too, are of a nature not within the range of thought For when in the case of a dead body, or a dead organ of sense, a man thinks 'I will bring it to life again!' he only runs the risk of losing his reason, or of ruining his health by his thoughts and efforts.

And why? Because he is striving against the inexorable working of another's past deeds.

In the Maha-vagga-Samyutta, in the section dealing with the Four Truths, the ten speculative views, maintaining that the world is eternal, that is not eternal, and so forth, are called technically "world-thought" (lokocinto). But here we are using the term in a more comprehensive sense for all world-lore to be found in ancient texts under various names, for cosmologies conceived by the recluses and Brahmans of supernormal powers, by their pupils and pupils of pupils, or by Atthaka, Va-maka, and such other recluses and Brahmans. The Veda-ngas, for instance, are said to be derived from, and dependent upon, the contents of the three Vedas of the Tri-Veda Brahmans. The sciences mean medical science. The mantras denote spells for conquering the earth winning wealth etc., "World-thought" is also applied to the manikaand Grandha-r1-cults, mentioned in the Kevattasutta. The Manika-cult is like the 'supernormal thought called discerning the thought of another,' a telepathic device. And the Gandha-ri-cult is like the 'supernormal powers of will,' a device for executing various feats of supernormal character, such as floating through the air, etc.

The latter is manifold, viz., rootcult, incantatory, numerical, and metallic. The root-cult is that which is rendered effective through medicinal roots; the incantatory cult is that which is brought into play through formulas of spells; the numerical cult is that which is brought into play through eight and nine series of numbers; and the metallic cult is that which is brought into play by means of metals like iron and mercury. And in the patisambhida-magga we read: 'What are the feats of magic? A magician having cited his spells exhibits an elephant, a horse, a chariot, infantry, and various arrays of the army in the sky, in the firmament. In the Upali-sutta of the Majjh1-ma-pan.n.a-sa we read; 'What do you think householder? Is a recluse or a Brahman, who is endowed with supernormal faculty and has obtained mastery over will, able to reduce Nalanda to ashes by a single curse? He is able, venerable sir.'

Here the clause 'who is endowed with supernormal faculty' means one who is said to be gifted with synergic iddhi applied to thought about the external world.

Among the four matters not within the range of thought, the powers of a Buddha stand highest in rank, iddhi proper comes

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

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jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdk Y ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD & if a wmf r l a o omm "ar® m 0g'uxm

omoemawmfBu;D \ a&aomufjrpfo;kH oG,f (omoemjyKvk y f i ef ; tyd k i f ; ) omoemjyKwd k Y xm;&S d & rnf h pd w f a eoabmxm;tyd k i f ; aom w&m;rsufuef;orm; a0ae,srsm;onfvnf;.... a0ae,strsm; avmuom;wdkYrSmrlum; oHo&mwpfciG f c&D;jyifBu;D xJ0,f rsupf v d nf vrf;rSm; tuef; oGm;b0rsm;jzihfom vrf;rsm;vsufu vrf;ovm;aeMu&&Smygukef\/ tuef;orm; vrf;oGm;rsm;yDyD rrSefvrf;qDodkYum; xefxefESihf oefoefBuD;yif c&D;ESifvsuf &SdMuygacs\/ vrf;uvnf; arSmifarSmif vlaumifuvnf; uef;uef;? jzpfae&um;.... xdktarSmifwGif; yufyif;awGUMu&aom t&m0w¬KrSeforQwdkYudk (u) wpfzufu taumif;ajym ajymay;aomf NyHK;ívnf;jy vufcH vnf; vufcH&wwf\/ (c) wpfzufu tqdk;ajym ajymay;aomf rJhívnf;jy vufvSefí vnf; ay;&wwf\/ udk,fwkdifjrif udk,fwkdifawGU r[kwf&ao;um; olwpfyg; pum;aMum olwumtajymjzihfom acgif;ndwf acgif;cg jyKvkyfay;ae&&Smjcif;yifwnf;.../ arG;uwnf;u uef;cJhaom oluef;wpfa,mufonfum; oHy&moD;tm; xef;vsuf[lí ajymMum;vnf; ,Hk&rnfom jzpf\/ xef;vsuftm; oHy&moD;[lí ajymMum;vnf; ,Hk&rnfom jzpfawmh\/ onfhyrmvQif arG;uwnf;u "r®pu©K(ÓPfrsupf t d vif;)tvsO;f rygvmMu next, and the supernormal faculties born of the result of kamma come last. This beigin the case, those who are in the higher worlds gifted with supernormal faculties born of the result of kamma, whether they are kings of gods or Maha-brahma-s recognised as the supreme rulers of the world, become in the world of men attendants to Buddhas or their disciples, possessing majestic powers of intellect and will. And the same is the case with those recluses and Brahmans who are outside our religion, but have reached the climax of the supernormal faculties of gods in the higher world. Why? Because those faculties which result from kamma obtain among the beings of lower order. And secondly because they are equipped with the moral, reflective, and intellectual qualities that are extant amongst us.

Among witchcrafts concerned with mundance thoughts, those who attained to success were called Vijjandharas. The gods

rdrd\ vlrsKd;tvdkuf oauFwjyKxm;aom pum;pkrsm;üom vrf;qHk;Mu&&Sm\/ xdpk um;pkrsm;udv k Qif trTe;f wifvsuu f tNyKH ;trJh vufarSmuf vufvSef tarGcHMu&Sm\/ xdkpum;pkrsm;udkvQif pum;aemuf w&m;ygonf[laom vufwef; pum;jzihf tm;xm;aeMu&&Sm\/ pum;onf tajym w&m;onf oabmjzpf&m pifppf pum; em;a,mif w&m;udkum; vufa&Smifaeaom xdkolrsm;tzdkY.... &,lvdkonfum; wu,fhtaumif;? &,lvdkufMuonfum; wu,fhraumif;csnf;omwnf;/ pifppf xdkodkY jzpfyGm;ae&jcif;onf.... tuef;oGm;rsm;\ pum;vrf;xm;twGif;0,f r&Sdudk t&Sdxifum cifrifpdwf ay:vmonfESihf olYatmufpdwf xm; BudKufapmfum;rIvnf; ay:vmap\/ olYatmufpdwfxm; rkef;jypf rSm;rIvnf; ay:vmap\/ olaY emufpw d o f mG ; rod0;kd 0g;rIvnf; jzpfay:vm ap\/ BudKufpdwfrSDuJ aoG;eD&J bmuJudkrQ rcwfEkdif? rkef;pdwfrSDuJ aoG;a&mifrnf; bmuJudkrQ rjrifEkdif? rdkufpdwfrSDuJ aoG;a&mifrGJ bmuJudkrQ rodEkdif? xdkrod xdkrjrif xdkrqifjcifEkdifolwdkYtzdkY rnfrQyif taumif; xm; BudK;pm;ap &vm'fum; qdk;usKd;rsm;om/ xdk qdk;usKd;w&m;rsm;udk trSm;[lí rjrifavolwdkif;... of lower orders and all demons and goblins served as messengers to the Vijjandharas. There were formulas of incantation and spells which were very powerful. They served to crush those gods, demons, goblins, etc.

Men who have supernormal gifts are seen sometimes in our own country (Burma). They repair to a forest, and having handled regularly the occult formulas and prepared themselves for days and nights, and acheved success, many begin to tour in villages and districts. Wherever they go, they provide instantaneous relief to those who are ill and come to them for help. They also exhibit many other feats of wonderful magic, and account for this or that fateful event in the life of men. But the rulers prohibit these occult practices, fearing lest they might give rise to voilent commotions in the country.

(To be continue)

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS

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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

pdwfonf tm½Hk\ twdkufaemuf aumufaumufygavatmif vkdufae awmhonfom/ tm½Hk0,f pdwfupm; tm½Hk\ nd§KUtm;aMumihf aoG;om;qlyGuf ,kwfpdwfwdkY xdyfwufaeonfom/ tm½Hk\ tNid ½dk;wGif;jcifqDtxd uvdcHae&jci;faMumihf aoG;awmif;av aqmi;fay;&avom/ xdktcsufrsm;aMumihf ¤if;wdkY taumif;xif vkyfrdavorQ tqdk;bufodkYom usoufaeawmh&Smonf/ rsufpdvnfolonf... taemufudk ta&SU[kxifvQif ta&SUudkum; taemufxifrSm "r®wmyif/ onfhyrmvQif.... rrSefaomvrf; rsufrSef;wef;vsuf &SdMuavukefaom tuef; oGm;wdkYonf trSefvrf;odkYum; cefYrSef;íyif roGm;wwfawmhNyD/ xdktrSefvrf;um;... (u) tazmfrxyf wpfa,mufwnf; oyfoyf avSmfcwfoGm;&aom vrf;wnf;/ (c) olY ud, k rf zsu?f ud, k hf olrzsu?f taumif;oufoufjzihf quf& aom vrf;wnf;/ (*) wpfu, kd w f nf;aygif;? wpfu, kd w f nf; aumif;jzihf trsm;aqmif; ay;Ekdifaom vrf;wnf;/ wpfudk,fwnf;oGm; wpfz0g;cs wpfvrf;pudkom wGifwGifeif; aeaom xdkolü ta<u;[lonf uif;&Sif;\/ ta<u;uif;ojzihf ypönf; xdkxdk ydkvQHvm\/ ypönf;xdkxdk ydkvQHvmcJhaomf trsm;wdkYodkY jzefYydkYay;a0 Edkif\/ xdkvrf;rsKd;.... igpGJBuD;pdk;aom twåorm;wdkY roGm;vdkonfrSm "r®wmwnf;/ cifrifpdwfBuD;pdk;aom wPSmorm;wdkY roGm;&JonfrSm "r®wm wnf;/ tazmfESifhzuf ysufrSaysmfwwfaom tuef;orm;wdkY pdwful; rxnhfonfrSm "r®wmwnf;/ odkYaMumihf..... xdktuef;oGm;wdkYonf taumif;udkum;a&Smif tqdk;udkum; aqmifvsufuom taumif;&SmyHkawmfc&D; xD;ryg zdeyfrzuf qufqufBuD;oGm;aeMu&&Sm ukef\/ omoemjyKwdkY\ pdwfxm;um; tm;vHk;udk rdrdESihf wef;wlxm; rdrduJhodkY trSefvrf; oGm;apvdk jcif;wnf;/ tm;vH;k udk rdru d o hJ Ykd aumif;pm; rdru d o hJ Ykd t,kww f &m; z,f&mS ; oGm;apvdkjcif;wnf;/ xdkomoemjyKpdwfxm;jzihfyif.... rsufpdvnf vrf;rSm; tuef;oGm; oGm;aeMuolrsm;udk rsufpdvnf;Munf vrf;vnfvnf;rrSm; wpfvrf;oGm;rsm;csnf; jzpfMu&avatmif.... rdrdwdkY a&mufzl;aygufzl;xm;onfh udef;aoaumif; vrf;aMumif;BuD; twdkif;yifvQif u½kPma&SUxm; pmemaom ud, k cf si;f pmw&m;rsm;jzihf vufwJG ac:aqmifoGm;Mu&m\/ þodkYaom pdwfxm;onf

jzLpifjrifjh rwfaom olawmfw&m; vufuikd x f m;onfh omoem 0efxrf;om;wdkY\ vuf0,frSwyg; tjcm;ü r&SdacsNyD/ olawmfrS udk,faumif;aom olawmfaumif;rsKd;um; aygrsm; \/ olYbufu awmfonfjzpfap rawmfonfjzpfap rdrdbufrS tNrJ aumif;aeaom olawmfaumif;rsm;um; &Sm;yg;vSacs\wum;/ tavmif ; awmf w d k Y \ pd w f x m; þtydkif;onf.... omoemjyKwYkd xm;&Sad om pdwaf eoabmxm;rsm;udk azmfjyrnfh tydik ;f jzpfay&m ykxZk Of vlomrmefw\ Ykd pdwaf eoabmxm;rsm;ESifh ,SOw f JG jyrSom tjzLESihftrnf; oJuGJrnfjzpf&um; þüoHk;rsKd;oHk;pm; cGJjcm;jy rnfjzpf\/ ¤if;wdrYk mS (1) tavmif;awmfwdkY pdwfxm;? pdwfxm;BuD;jrifh &ihfrmNyD; olawmf aumif;BuD;\ pdwf?

(2) ykxkZOf a0ae,swdkY\ pdwfxm;? &Gmae"avh tawGUrQjzihfom aysmfyg;aeaom pdwf?

(3) omoemh0efxrf;om;wdkY pdwfxm;? &Gmwpf0uf awmwpf0uf ESpfbuf&wdkY\ xm;&NrJpdwf? xdkwGif tavmif;awmfwum olawmfpGmwdkY\ udkifpGJaom vufeufESihf xm;NrJaom pdwfxm;wdkYrSmum;.... oD v udk,fusihfw&m; rysufjym;jcif;?

(1) opö m rSefonfudkom jyKvkyfajymqkdjcif;?

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(1) oDvüwnfíqdkaom opömonfom t&m&m pl;&S avh&SdaomaMumihfwnf;/ (2) oDvüwnfí xm;&Sdaom arwåmonfom prf;a& yrm at;jrMunfomaomaMumihfwnf;/ (3) oDvüwnfí cGihfvTwfaom cEÅDonfom ruGJ rtuf wpfcJeuf wnfavh&SdomaMumihfwnf;/ wpfzefvnf; (u) &efoludk ckcH&mü oDvESifh opömonf ta&;yg t&ma&mufwwf\/ (c) &efol twktppf cGJMunhf&müum; cEÅDarwåmonf

TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/ pGm\/ xdktm;vHk;wdkYwGifvnf; oDvonfom Oau©mif;t&mwnf;/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf &efolYvufeufukd opömjzihf wdkufzsufírS ratmifEkdifvQif oDvudkom wdkifwnf&aomaMumihfwnf;/ arwåmpdwfoGif;ay;írS &efajyNidrf;jcif;r&SdvQif oDvudkom wdkifwnf&aomaMumihfwnf;/ cEÅ D p d w f a rG ; írS &ef r aMuat;cJ h v Qif v nf ; oD v ud k o m wdkifwnf&aomaMumihfwnf;/ odkYaMumihf..... tavmif ; awmf w um ol a wmf p G m wd k Y uk d i f p G J a om vufeufav;rsKd;wdkYwGif oDvonf £pämo, ywåjrm;&wemyrm t&m &m olrygrNyD;pD;? olryg c&D;rwGifwwf/ oD v qd k o&P*H k y grS oDv[kqdkaomf wGJzufo&P*Hkvnf; yg&rnfomyif/ o&P*HkoHk;yg; wpfyg;yg; yGm;xHkjcif;r&SdbJESihf oDvüwnfjci;f? oDvpifMu,fjcif; tvsOf;r&Sdacs/ o&P*Ho k ;kH yg; wpfyg;yg; yGm;xHjk cif;jzihf avhusiafh y;xm;aom oDvrsKd;r[kwforQ avmu"Hrsm;ESihf yufyif;awGU awGUu pdwfrcs&ao; acs/ ,if; o&P*Hk\ yHhydk;tm;onf oDvudk NrJap? pifMu,fap&mü t"du taqmufttHkBuD; wpfckomwnf;/ o&P*Hk[lonf.... owå0gwdkYudk &efab;rS uif;a0;apjcif;trIudkvnf; oljyKay; \/ owå0gwdkYudk &efrlaeonfh udavomrsm;udkvnf; owfjzwf zsufqD;ay;\/ odkYaMumihf.... o&P*Hkpum; em;qwfqwfMum;½HkrQjzihf a`rGESihfzm; vHk;axG; ae&mtMum; ½kwfw&wf odef;pGefiSuftem; a`rGa&mzm;yg 'a&maomyg; ajy;vTm;onfhyrm.... udavomonfvnf;aumif;? udavomtyl;owfcHae&aom pdw½f ikd ;f onfvnf;aumif;? vdiI ;f wrQ xvsuu f qGqcG ek af jy;vTm;Muawmh onfom/ ur®|mef;tvkyf BuKd ;ukyjf cif;onf o&P*Hyk mG ;xHo k nf rnf\/ o&P*HkyGm;xHkjcif;onf ur®|mef;tvkyf BudK;ukyfonfrnf\/ pifppf xdkpum;ESpfrsKd;wkdYonf trnfomuGJ? xreJESihf ,m*k yrmom/ Ak'¨Ho&PH *pämrd ponfh ynwfo&P*Hkwif&mü ,if;o&P *Hkonf o&P*Hk[laom trnf&if;jzihf 0ifa&mufNyD;? cE¨mjzpfysuf rdrdtrI rdrdppf&müum; ur®|mef;trnfjzihf ta&m0if\/ odkYaMumihf rdrdESpfouf&m ur®|mef;enf;wpfckckjzihf cE¨mjypfpk jzpfysufrIudk ½IMunhfppfaq;aejcif;udk o&P*Hk yGm;xHkaejcif;[k rSwftyf \/ (1) Ak'¨gEkówd ur®|mef;onf Ak'¨Ho&PH *pämrdudk taumifxnfazmfay;aeaom Ak'¨gEkówd ur®|mef;enf;wnf;/

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(2) oHCmEkówdur®|mef;onf oHCHo&PH*pämrdudk taumiftxnfazmfay;aeaom oHCmEkówdur®|mef;enf;wnf;/ (3) <uif;ur®|mef;enf; tm;vHk;onf wdkuf½dkuftm;jzihf vnf;aumif;? oG,f0dkuftm;jzihfvnf;aumif; "r®H o&PH*pämrdudk o½kyf azmfaeonfh enf;rsm;csnf;wnf;/ y&rwft&mü bk&m;onfvnf;aumif; oHCmonfvnf; aumif;? oabm\ oabmrQ [laom "r®\ e,fy,ftwGif;odkYom Oau©mif;pif;Mu&av&m <uif;tm;vH;k wdo Yk nfvnf; tb,frmS vQif "r®EiS hf vGwyf gtHeh nf;/ xdkodkY "r®o&P*HkyGm;xHkjcif;jzihf... (u) w&m;u rdrdpdwfudk vuf&SdavmifNrdKifcHae&onfh udwfavomrD;Mum;rS qD;wm;xkwfaqmifay;vsufuom &Sd\/ wpfcsufrSwf wpfcsufjywfjzihf wpfcsufu,f u,fwifay;ae jcif;jzpfonf/ (c) w&m;u rdrd\ t½dkif;pdwfudk at;&dyfMum;xm;í ,Ofyg;atmif qHk;ray;vsufuom &Sd\/ wpfcsufrSwf wpfcsufudef; ESpfzufpvHk;udk xdef;odrf;ay;xm; jcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdo&P*Hkt&dyf Nidrfqdwfvsuf&Sdaompdwfuav;odkY wpfyg; olwdkYxHrS tm½Hkutwdkuf udavomu odrf;ydkufvmjcif;udk a&eufydkif;odkY ypfaygufvdkufaom rD;wkwfrD;cJ pJoGm;avonfh yrm? rdru d , kd t f xd rul;puf ravmifuRr;f awmhjcif;onf "r®o&P *Hk\ tpGrf;yif/ wpfzef tm½Hkjzihfwdkuf udavomjzifh odrf;ydkufvmol\ udk,fokdYvnf; rdk;zGJzGJtMum; udkifxm;aom rD;wkwf pJoGm;avonfh yrm tumtuG,fay; Nidrf;at;aq; wdkufauR;NyD;pD;jcif;onfvnf; "r®o& P*Hk\ tpGrf;yif/ pifppf.... o&P*Hkonf rdru d akd &m ywfoufaeoluykd g tumtuG,af y;Ekid pf rG ;f &Sad om vufeufaumif;wpfckjzpf\/ wpfcsufazmuf &SdorQ pdwfpGJpHk tukef aysmufapaom vufeufqef;BuD;wpfckvnf; jzpf\/ xdktiftm; owdårsm;onf o&P*Hk yGm;xHk&mrS xkwf,l&&Sdaom t&mrsm;csnf;jzpf&m ,if;o&P*Hkonf udk,fusihfoDv jzLpifawmufyjcif;? pdwfwefcdk; pdwfowdårsm;? tiftm;BuD;xGm;jcif;\ yifrausm½dk;[lí wpfxpfcs rSwftyf\/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

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DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES

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wmukd rcH&avatmif owd&Sd&Sd aexkdifzkdY vdkygw,f/ pdwful;,OfeJY zefwD;ykHazmfxm;wJh vkyfZmwfBuD;rSef;odayrJh rif;orD;av;ao&if rif ; om;av;ao&if uk d , f v nf ; vk d u f N yD ; aMuuGJ0rf;enf;rdwmrsKd; rjzpfapzkdYyg/ 'Dae&mrSm OD;av;Bu;D qkw d hJ ½kyef mrfu ]aX;}qkdwJh ½kyfemrfukdjrifNyD; vdkcsifrIqkdwJh"mwfcH avmbu BuD ; xG m ;vmw,f / avmbrS m udavom 10 yg; jznhf? xkdYaemuf jycJhNyD;ta& twGuftwkdif; tpOfjzpfNyD; 1500 udavom (trnf a jymif ; ) tcspf q k d w m jzpf a y:vm wmyg/ rl v OD ; av;BuD ; qk d w m ½k y f e J Y e mrf y J awGU&w,f/ tcspfqkdwm rawGU&bl;/ OD;av; BuD;qkdwJh ½kyfemrfrSm &Sd&if;pGJavmbav;ukd BuD ; xG m ;vmatmif ajrawmif a jr§ m uf r d v d k Y tusK;d quf tiftm;u 1500 txd wk;d yGm;oGm; &wmygyJ/ wnfNird af ewJh yifv,fa&rsuEf mS jyif [m b,folYukdrS qkd;usKd;ukdrjzpfapEkdifygbl;/ udavomukd jzpfapwJhavmbukd wkd;yGm; rvmatmif? enf;oGm;atmif? ukefpifoGm; atmif tm;xkwfwJhyk*¾Kdvf[m b,folYukdrS qk d ; usKd ; uk d r jzpf a povd k ol Y u k d , f r S m vnf ; qkd;usKd;rjzpfEkdifvkdY csrf;omol jzpfygw,f/ udavomukdjzpfapwJh avmbukd arG;jrLol uawmh rkefwkdif;xefwJhyifv,fvdkygyJ/ rdrdpdwf udkvnf; ylavmifapEkdifovdk wpfcgwpf&H rSm olwpfzufom;ukdvnf; xdckdufapEkdifwmrsKd; &Sdwwfw,f/ 'D a wmh ½k y f e mrf r S m avmbawG awmxaerS &Sif;vif;&ifawmh qkd;usKd;wpfpkH wpf&mjzpfvmEkdifw,f/ OD;av;BuD;vdk tcspf aomuawGjzpfrvmcif BuKdwifowd&SdMuapzkdY yg/ 'Daqmif;yg;av;[m vli,fawGtwGuf &nf&, G o f vdk ,aeYO;D av;Bu;D rsm;twGuv f nf; &nf&G,fygw,f/ pmom;av;tcsKdUu EkaevdkY yvDyvmEGJUYNyD; #DumcsJUvGef;w,fvdkY rxifygeJY? vli,f? vlvwf? vlBu;D tm;vk;H ukd tcspaf omu rcH&apvdkwJhqE´eJYa&;om;&jcif;rQom jzpfyg w,f/ cspfjcif;ESihfarwåmukd cGJjcm;odjrifí tm;vkH; tcspf'ku©taygif;rS uif;a0;EkdifMu ygap/ ynmEG , f ({&majr-"Ek j zL) rSwfcsuf/ pma&;ol\ OD;&D;awmftaMumif;ukd a&;om;wifjyjcif;jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ ckZÆKwå&monf omrm0wDrdzk&m;\uRefrjzpf onf/ omrm0wDrdzk&m;tm; Oawerif;BuD;u wpf a eY y ef ; zk d ; aiG tojym&S p f u syf a y;\/ ckZÆKwå&monf okreyef;onfxHrS yef;wdkYukd rjywf0,f\/ þuJhokdY aeYpOfyef;0,faomtcg tojymav;usyfjzihfom yef;0,fonf/ usef tojymwdkYukd olrtzkdY csefxm;onfrSm aeYpOf jzpfonf/ wpfaeYrSmawmh okreyef;onfonf jrwf p G m bk & m;trS L ;&S d a om oH C mawmf j rwf taygif;ukd qGrf;vkyfauR;\/ ckZÆKwå&mtm; okreyef;onfu acwåaeygOD;? qGr;f vkyaf uR;Ny;D tEkarm'emw&m;ukd emMum;oGm;ygOD;[k wm; \/ ckZÆKwå&mvnf; okreyef;onf\ vSL'gef;rI rS w&m;awmfudk emMum;NyD;vQif aomwmywåd zkdvfü wnfavonf/ xkdaeYwGifawmh ckZÆKwå&m [m yef;wdu Yk dk tojym&Spu f syzf ;dk vk;H 0,f,o l mG ; avawmhonf/ aeYpOfc;dk ,laeaom olc;dk awmif rS okreyef;onf\w&m;tvSLawmfrS tuRwf w&m;&um t&d,molawmfpifjzpfoGm;zl;\/ uREyfk \ f yd#uwfo;Hk ykt H vSLawmfuv dk nf; t,l rSm;aeaomtrESihfwuG t&yfq,frsufESm&Sd owå0gtaygif;ukd trQay;a0yg\/ ukodkvf aumif;rIukd rQa0cHpm;ygonf/ tm;vkH;aom owå0gawG &Muygap/ Zmwfawmfukd qufygtHh/ ckZÆKwå&m onf yef;wdu Yk dk tojym&Spu f syzf ;dk 0,f,cl ahJ om aMumihf aeYwkdif;xufrsm;ae\/ omrm0wD rdzk&m;u jzpfaMumif;ukefpifukdar;&m uRefru trS e f t wk d i f ; ajzonf / omrm0wD o nf ckZÆKwå&mtm; tjypfrqkd? ckZÆKwå&m aomufrsKd cJah omw&m;a&at;uko d m wku d af uR;ygavmh[k awmif;qkd\/ uRefrtm; jrihfjrwfaomae&mü aeapvsuf eef ; wG i f ; ol ig;&mES i h f w uG w&m;em,l \ / xk d o l t m;vk H ; onf vnf ; aomwmywådzkdvfü wnfav\/ omrm0wDtygt0if eef;wGi;f olig;&m wk d Y o nf ck Z Æ K wå & mtm; xk d t csd e f r S p í uRefrt&mü rxm;bJ rdcift&müxm;\/ jrwf p G m bk & m; a[mwk d i f ; aom w&m;wd k Y u k d emMum;ap\/ wpfzef uRefrwdkYtm; jyefvnf a[majymygavavmh[k ajymqkdMuavukef onf/ ckZÆKwå&monf xkdokdYtwkdif; Mum;em a[majymav&maemuf t zk d Y ü yd # uwf ok H ; yk H a qmif jzpf a vawmh o nf / þuJ h o k d Y &&Sdaom tusKd;onfum; okreyef;onf\ w&m;tvSLawmfrS pwifonfr[kwfygavm/ uREkfyf\ yd#uwfokH;ykHtvSLonf

vnf; vG,fvifhwuljzpfvmonfr[kwfyg/ acR;enf ; pmav;rsm;uk d pk a qmif ; umjzih f vSL'gef;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tjcm;wpfae&mwGif tvkyfvkyfaeaom tudkwpfa,mufuvnf; olpkaqmif;xm;aom aiG(2)aomif;usyfukd vS L onf / nD r wpf a ,muf u vnf ; ol \ awmifolvkyfief;rS &&Sdaom aiGwdkYrS rpm;&uf raomuf&uf pkxm;aom aiG(5)axmifvnf; edAÁmeftusKd;\ taxmuftyHhtvkdYiSm vSL'gef; \/ arG;pm;taronfvn;f ol\ynma&; vpmxJrS pkaqmif;aiGjzihf xnhf0ifvmaom aMumifhom yd#uwftvSLawmf jzpfvmcJhyg awmhonf/ xkdokdY cufcufcJcJ&&Sdvmaom tvSL awmf u k d r S tjypf a jymol & S d a ecJ h a o;ygvm;/ tjypfajymol uJh&JUoltay: tjypfrjzpfapcsif yg/ "r®EÅ&m,fvnf; rusa&mufapcsifay/ uREkfyfwdkY \ukokdvfaumif;rItpkpkwdkYukdom &&Sdapcsifygonf/ tvSLwpfckjzpfzkdY qkdwm uvnf; vG,faomtvkyfr[kwfyg/ jzpfay: vmaomtvSL wpfcktay:üom MunfEl;jcif; jzihf om"kac:apcsifonfrSm uREkfyf\ pdwf&if; trSefjzihf rQa0jcif;jzpfawmhonf/ **Fg0gVKoJpkru yGihfawmfrlMuaom bk&m;&SifawG&JUa[mpOfukd Munhfvkdufawmh vnf ; 'getaMumif ; om rl v tpxm;NyD ; a[mawmf r l c J h M uyg\/ oH o &mc&D ; onf jzpf M uwJ h owå 0 gawG t wG u f a wmh 'geu ta&;BuD;vGef;vdkYom rlvtptaeESihf a[m Mum;awmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfygw,f/ xkdtaMumif; ukv d nf; okwrf [m0gt|uxm r[my'geokwf tzGifhrSm þodkYxkwfjyxm;\/ Ä 'geqkdwm csrf;omwumwdkY&JUtaMumif;&if; jzpfw,f/ Ä vlYpnf;pdrfç ewfpnf;pdrfwkdY&JUtaMumif;&if; jzpfw,f/ Ä cHpm;okH;aqmiftyfwJh £|m½kHwdkY&JUwnf&m jzpfw,f/ Ä yifyef;qif;&JaewJholukd apmihfa&Smufwwf w,f/ Ä qif;&J'ku©a&mufaeolwdkY&JU ykef;atmif;&m vJavsmif;&mjzpfw,f/ ,ckb0ç aemufb0wdkYtwGuf 'geeJY wl w J h rS D & mwnf & mç tm;xm;uk d ; uG , f & mç vJavsmif;&mç pGv J rf;&mç yke;f atmif;&mr&Syd gbl; wJ h / uJ pmzwf y &d o wf w d k Y a & 'geavmuf aumif ; wJ h t &m&S d a o;&J U vm;/ 'D a vmuf aumif;wJhtvSL'geukd rvSLcsifrwef;csifwJhol

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tóm'? tm'De0? edó&Pudk b0 \ t&om (3) rsdK;[kac:onf/ om,mzG,f tóm'jzihf cspfcifwG,fwmjrwfEdk;Muonf/ tm'De0jzihf tjypfawGjrif trke;f awGxm; ½d;k tD NiD ; aiG U oG m ;aomtcg tm'D e 0qd k o nh f xd k ta[mif;udkypfcGmoGm;NyD; topfaom t&om tóm'ud k &S m azG u m wl p H k w G J a ysmf y G J 0 if jyefonf/ xdkodkYjzihf topftqef; pGJrufp&m wpfck xyfrH&SmazGtpm;xdk;vdkY jrwfEdk;wG,fwm vkduf? cspfrkef;uGJ Zmwfvrf;jyefp? cspfvkduf rke;f vku d ?f ta[mif;ypf cGmvku d f topf&mS vku d ef YJ oHo&mb,fawmhrS rqHk;Edkifawmh/ wPSmjzihf tóm'rSmaysm?f wPSmESirfh ek ;f wPSmESiphf eG cYf mG wPSmESihfyif topf&Sm tcspfwPSmZmwf b,fvdktqHk; owfEdkifawmhrnfenf;/ xdkb0 t&om (3)rsdK;udk tvSnhftajymif; vkyf&ay awmhrnf/ wPSm tpm; bm0emudk ae&m ay;&rnf / bm0emES i f h aysmf ? bm0emES i f h cE¨ m ud k , f B uD ; ud k rk e f ; ? bm0emjzih f y if xdkcE¨mBuD;udk pGefYcGm&ayawmhrnf/ xdk t&om (3) yg;udk taumif;buf 0dyóemodkY vSnhf ajymif ; ay;&rnf / b0cE¨ m ud k bm0emjzih f rkef;wD;NiD;aiGUNyDqdk&ifawmh bm0emjzihfyif xdkcE¨mig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkYudk jywfjywf xif j rif jzpf y suf r I tpOf u d k ½I r S w f & if ; 0d y óemÓPf p Of a wG wd k ; wuf j rih f r m;vm awmhrnf/ a&SUujzpfysuf aemufur*ftpOfjzihf edó&P0drkwådqdkonhf wu,hfvGwfajrmufrI w&m;BuD; vrf;yGihfoGm;ayawmhrnf/ uReaf wmfh b0c&D;wpfavQmuf wpfp wpfp pGefY0HhcJhMuolrsm;udk awGUcJhBuHKcJhzl;onf/ MunfndKav;pm;cJhzl;ygonf/ ]]ihgnDrav; awmfygw,f? oHa,mZOf awGukd pGecYf mG Edik Nf y;D at;at;csr;f csr;f aeEdik w f m cs;D usL;zdaYk umif;w,f/ rrwdu Yk awmh oHa,mZOf twG,ftwmawGrS b,fvkdrS ½kef;rxGufEdkif ao;bl;}}/ ]]uRefrudk uHw&m;u 'DtcGifhta&; ay;xm;vdkYyg/ cifyGef;onfuvJ qHk;yg;oGm;NyD/ pmrsuf E S m 34 ok d Y

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oHo&m&Snfapaom w&m;oHk;yg;rSm wG,w f mwyfrufrI (wPSm) axmifvmT ;rI (rme) ESihf t,lrSm; ('d|d) wdkYjzpfMuonf/ wPS m wG,w f mpGv J rf;rI? wyfrufr[ I ak c:qdk aom ]]wPSm}} wGif oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm;&Sdjyefonf/ (1) umrwPSm (umr*kPt f m½Hw k üYkd wG,fwmpGJvrf;rI) (2) b0wPSm (b0wdkYü wG,fwm pGJvrf;rI) (3) 0db0wPSm (b0ysuaf omt,l ü wG,fwmpGJvrf;rI) rme axmifvTm;jcif;[l&mü ]]igomvQif jrwf\}} [k axmifvmT ;jcif;jzpfonf/ rdru d , dk u f kd txifBuD;wwfjcif;jzpfonf/ olwpfyg;tm; ½SKwfcsí axmifvTm;wuf<ujcif;udk ]twdrme} [kac:qdkonf/ ]rme}\ oabmobm0udk 0daooxyfjyKygrl rdrdxufedrfhusoltay:xm; aom rmeudk ]]ao,srme}}? rdrEd iS t fh qiht f wef; wloltay:jzpfwwfaomrmeudk ]]o'dorme}} [kac:qdNk y;D ? rdrx d uf tqiht f wef;jriho f t l ay: xm;wwfaomrmeudkrl ]][Derme}}[kí ac:qdk jyefonf/ 'd | d t,lrmS ;rIü (1) Oapä''d|d (b0jywf\ [k ,laomt,l) b0jywfonfuq kd jkd cif;rSm ½ky?f emrfavmuonf rNr[ J k tjywf,jl cif;jzpfonf/ (2) oów'd|d (b0NrJ\[k,laom t,l) b0'd|d[kvnf;ac:qdkao;onf/ ouúm ,'d|d (twå'd|d) tay: tajccHí jzpfay:vm aomt,l0g'jzpfonf/ b0NrJ\[kqdkjcif;rSm ½kyfemrfavmuonf NrJonf[k,ljcif;jzpfonf/ (3) ouúm,'d|d (xif&Sm;&Sdaom ½kyf emrfcE¨mü t,lrSm;rI) twå'd|d[kvnf;ac:qdk onf/ cE¨mig;yg;udk rdrdudk,f[lí rSm;,Gif;pGm rSwf,ljcif;jzpfonf/ (4) ed,wrdpäm'd|d (aoonftxd pGpJ NJG rNJ rJ ,lxm;aom rSm;aomt,l) ed,wrdpmä 'd|d t,loHk;rsdK;&Sdonf/ (u) ew¬u d 'd|d (jyKvyk rf \ I aumif;usKd ;

qdk;usdK;wpfpHkwpf&mr&Sd[lí ,ljcif;) (c) ta[wku'd|d (taMumif;uHudk y,faomt,l) (*) tud&d,'d|d (aumif;rIjyKaomf vnf; jyKonfrrnf? raumif;rIjyKaomfvnf; jyK&mra&muf[k ,laomt,l) wkdYjzpfMuonf/ od & S d e m;vnf & ef v d k t yf r I t &om aumufEIwfcsufazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ 'd|dtrsdK; tpm; (62) rsdK;txd &Sdayonf/ rSwfom;p&mrSm ouúm,'d|d (twå 'd|d) jyKwfygu 'd|dtm;vHk;jyKwfaMumif; rdk;ukwf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u ]]'d|duGmrS csrf;om&}} w&m;awmfwGif a[mMum;xm;ayonf/ 'd|t d rsKd ;tpm; (62) rsKd ;wGi-f Nro J nf [k ,lqpGJvrf;aom oów'd|d (18) yg;ESihf jywfpo J nfEiS fh ,lqpGv J rf;aom Oapä''d|d (44) yg;wdkYyifwnf;/ rdpäm'd|d (62) yg;ESihfywfoufí jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]jA[®Zmvokwf? oDvu©E¨0*f?

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"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

ay;vSLjcif;eJY wefjyeftusdK; vl a t; (wrmajr)

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ pmrsuf E S m 31 rS &Sw d v hJ o l m;awG jzpfae&ufeu YJ o k v dk af umif;rIudk rjyKcJhvQif oHo&mb0rSm atmufwef;pm; omjzpfvdrfhr,f/ ,ckb0rSm pm;p&m aep&m ryl&bl;qkdNyD; ukodkvfaumif;rIukd *½krpkdufbl; qk d & if pd w f " mwf atmuf w ef ; usw,f v d k Y ac:w,f / tJ ' D v k d atmuf w ef ; uvl [ m b,fawmhrS oHo&m0JAGufuae vTJxGufEkdifzkdY taMumif;r&Sdbl;/ tm;vkH;aom owå0gawG oHo&m 0J*,ufuae ½kef;xGufEkdifzdkY jrwfpGmAk'¨u aocsmpGm a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/ jrwfpGm bk&m;ocif ygvdav,su awmukad &muf&pdS Of

rS m yvvnf ; qif r if ; awmif vS L 'gef ; &rS e f ; odovdk owå0gtm;vkH;vnf; odoihfayonf/ wd & pä m ef w pf a umif a vmuf r S rod w wf v Qif awmh oHo&m0JAGuftwGif;rSm ½kef;rxGufEkdifbJ tpOfepfjr§KyfaernfrSm trSefyifjzpfawmhonf/ uREfkyfwdkYrdom;pk? armifESrwpfpk\ awmifO;D wdu k af usmif;rSm vSL'gef;cJah om yd#uwf ok;H ykH tvSLawmfudk trQay;a0ygonf/ oHo&m twGif;rSm twlwuG aexkdifMuukefaom vl taygif ; wd k Y o nf v nf ; þaqmif ; yg;av;uk d zwfcJh&onf&Sdaomf rdrdwkdYvSL'gef;&ovkdyJ Munf El;rIukd &&Sdatmif ,lEkdifMuygap/ ok r eyef ; onf v d k y J uREk f y f \ tvS L

tNrJwrf;ylaZmfyorI jyKcJhMuygw,f/ xd k Y t wl y J umV,u© d e D b D v l ; rud k rsm;pGmaomvlawGu pm;aomufzG,f&mwdkYjzihf wif o &if ; Avd e wf p mauR;cJ h M uyH k u d k v nf ; "r®y'rSm awGUEdkifygw,f/ oHCmawmfrsm; aeYpOf&w G f zwfaewJh &weokwaf wmfawGxrJ mS tvG,fwul awGUEdkifwJh *gxmav;wpfyk'f &Sdygw,f/ tJ'D*gxmav;u ck'´uedum,fu vmwJh bk&m;&Sif&JU a&TEIwfawmfuxGufvmNyD; rdefY>rufwJh pum;awmfawGyg/ *gxmav;u'd0gp &awåmp [&EÅd a,Avd H? wo®m [d ae &u©x tyÜrwåm wJ/h 'Dpum;u ]]avmuvlom;awGudk apmif h a &S m uf z d k Y bk & m;&S i f u d k , f a wmf w d k i f u ewfawGudk rSmcJhwJh pum;av;yg/ t"dyÜm,f tjynhftpHku... a,yk*v ¾ m- tMuifow l o Ykd nf? 'd0gpaeYtcgrSmvnf;aumif;? &awåmp- ntcgrSm vnf;aumif;? Avd -H Avdewfpmudk (wpfenf; tm;jzihf) aeYtcgrSm ukokdvfaumif;rIjyKí ewfa' 0wmtaygif;wdkYtm; trQtwrf;ay; a0jcif;/ ntcgrSmqdk&if yef;ç a&csrf;ç qDrD;ç xD; ponfwjYkd zihf ylaZmfyojcif;qdw k hJ Avdewfpm udk [&EÅd- ydkYaqmifMuw,f/ [d- vlawGu tJ ' D v d k v kyfaqmifMuw,fqkdwm rSefw,f/ wo®m- tJ'gaMumihfrdkYvdkY? ae- tJ'DylaZmfy ojcif ; jyKwJ h ol a wG u d k ? tyÜ r wå m - rarh ravsmbJeJY? &u©x- rif;wdkYapmihfa&Smuf&pfMu? apmifh&r,f/ bk&m;[m 'DvdkrdefYcJhwm/ 'D*gxmxJrmS vlawGu ewfawGuk d ylaZmf yoyHkudk Munhfyg/ aeYtcgrSm ukodkvfaumif; rIjyKNy;D tJ'u D o k v kd af umif;rIukd ewfa'0wmawG xHa&mufatmif trQa0w,f/ 'g ylaZmfyo

wm/ aemufNyD; ntcgusawmh yef;ç a&csrf;ç qDrD;ç xD; pwmawGeJY ylaZmfw,f/ 'DylaZmfjcif; awGuom enf;rSefwJh ylaZmfjci;fawGjzpfw,f/ ewf a '0wmrS e f o rQ vl a wG q D u vd k c sif w mwpf c k y J & S d w ,f / tJ ' gu vl a wG ukodkvfaumif;rIjyKNyD; olwdkYudk trQay;a0wJh toHuykd /J usew f m bmrSrvdck sib f ;l / vlawGwif wJh auR;wJhtpmudk pm;zdkYrajymeJY vlteYHukd olwu Ykd rcHEikd b f ;l / tJ'gaMumihf ..bk&m;txHukd ol w d k Y w&m;vmem&if vl a wG t d y f w J h t csd e f ntcgrS ol w d k Y v mMuw,f / teHeY w H moufomw,fqykd /J aemufNyD; t"duta&;BuD;wJhtcsuf u qDrD;xGef;n§dylaZmf&mrSm od&ufeJYvkyfaewJh trSm;wpfckudk ajymcsifygw,f/ vQyfppfrD;? za,mif;wdkifrD; qdkygawmh/ olwdkYudk bmaMumihf xGef;wmvJ? tvif;a&mif&csifvdkY/ bmhaMumihf tvif;a&mifvdkcsifwmvJ arSmifaevdkY/ vif;ae &if xGef;p&mrvdkbl;aemf/ 'gudkod&ufeJY bk&m; ausmif;uef Z&yf ewfuGef; ponfwkdYrSm aeYcif; aMumifawmif xGef;n§dylaZmfjcif;[m taMumif; rJhyg/ vSLawmhvSLw,f/ vdktyfwJhtcgrSm ray; vSLawmh tusdK;ay;wJhtcgrSmvnf; vdktyfwJh tcgrSm tusdK;ray;bl;ayhg/ 'g &Sif;ygw,f/ 'hgaMumihfrdkY ]]a,m a,e tw¬daum a[mwd wHa'[d}} wJh/ a,m- tMuifolum;? a,e- tMuif 0w¬Kypönf;udk? tw¬daum a[mwd- tvkd&Sdw,f? wH- xdkypönf;0w¬Kudk? a'[d- vSLygwJh/ Ak'¨\ om;awmforD;awmfrsm;yDyD rSeu f efaumif;jrwfwhJ tvSLawGeYJ vSL'gef;MuNy;D awmh Nird ;f csr;f vGwv f yf wJh b0ydkif&Sifrsm; jzpfMuygap/ usrf ; ñT e f ; - ck ' ´ u ed u m,f ? &weokwf vl a t; (wrmajr)

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taMumif;ukd ajymjyyg\/ Mum;od om"kac:qkd EkdifMuaom yk*¾Kdvftaygif;uvnf; ckZÆKwå&mvkd xyfqifhtodjzihf rMum;ao;aom? rodao; aom owå0gtaygif;ukd rQa0ay;EkdifMuygap/ wpfqifhNyD;wpfqihf tm;vkH;aomyk*¾KdvfawG odMur,fqkd&if þyd#uwfokH;ykHvSL'gef;jcif;\ tusKd ; onf EI d i f ; qír&Ek d i f a vmuf a tmif tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;Ekdifygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmfwkdif a[m Mum;awmfrlcJhaom w&m;awmfrsm;ukd vSL'gef; ylaZmfygonf/ þuJhodkY vSL'gef;ylaZmf&aom aumif;rIrsK;d aphonf xm0&&Sio f efum edAmÁ ef\ taxmuf t yH h j zpf & ygvk d \ / vS L 'gef ; aom taMumif;aMumihf &&SdcHpm;tyfaom tusKd; w&m;rsm;ukd pMu0Vmwku d w f pfaomif;rS yk*K¾ v d f owå0gtaygif; &apaMumif; qkawmif;yg\/ ewfvlom"kac:apaomf/ / oH o &mab; tpOf a wG ; um? vG w f a Mumif ; &S m í igoG m ;aeonf ? r*f z k d v f ed A Á m ef reD ; cH E k d i f ½ k d ; vm;/ usrf ; ñT e f ; - ok w f r [m0gt|uxm pd w å ' D y (a&T a wmif O D ; ) pmrsuf E S m 35 rS aMumihf ykqdk;udk igreif;}} [k ajymMum;um? twd w f Z mwf u d k jyef a jymif ; a[mjyawmf rlygw,f/ twdwfZmwfuawmh a&S;b0 wpfck rSm aAm"drif;om; ZeD;armifESH c&D;twloGm;pOf oabmFysufNyD; uHtm;avsmfpGm uRef;wpfuRef; ay: a&muf&SdoGm;owJh/ uRef;ay:a&mufawmh pm;p&mr&Sdojzihf iSufodkufawGudk zsufqD;NyD; iSufOawG &SmazGpm;aomufcJhwJh tukodkvfuH aMumifh ,ckb0wGif om;orD;&&ef taMumif; rjrifojzihf cif;onhyf q k ;kd udk reif;aMumif; w&m; "r® a[mjyawmfrlygw,fuG,f/ "r®rdwfaqG wlav;? wlrav;wdkYa&?

'DZmwfaMumif;udk axmuf½Ium? jrwfpGmbk&m; &Sifudk,fwdkif om;orD;&ap? r&ap zefqif; ay;vdkY r&EdkifaMumif;? rdrdjyKcJhzl;om ukodkvfuH? tuk o d k v f u H o nf o m t"d u tcsuf j zpf aMumif; odomxif&Sm;MuNyDxifygw,f/ 'gay r,hf twdwfuHcsnf;tm;rudk;MubJ vuf&Sd ypö K yÜ e f r S m Bud K ;pm;tm;xk w f r I u H (ur® ) taxmuf t yH h v d k t yf w ,f q d k w mud k v nf ; rarhMuygeJYaemf/ usrf ; ud k ; rZÑd r ed u m,f rsd K ;jrih f (atmif v H )

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

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NyHK;MurJhMu wpfcsKdUusef? xdkiSufwdkY a0zef/ ÓPfynmtodacgif;yg;?

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ouk P Zmwf a&S;oa&mtcg? jynfAm&m Ä jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyKcg/ Ak'¨avmif;vsm xdkpOfu iSufrsKd;üjzpf&/

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odkYaecJhMu iSufawGrSm? iSufawGajymif;NyD; odyfrMum/ iSufynm&Sd qdkpum;? opfyifrD;pGJyga&mvm;/ tcdk;tvQHrsm; xGufay:vm? tcdk;oihfwJh iSufawGrSm/ rysHEkdif&Smonftyifu?

Mur®mnd§K;pGm rD;xJus? taoqdk;jzihf aoyg&/

twd w f y H k j yif tcgwpfyg; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf aZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf ]ausmif;rD;avmifcH&aom &[ef;wpfyg;} udk taMumif;jyKí þ ]oukP}Zmwfukd a[mMum; awmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/ &[ef;wpfyg;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif xHrS ur®|mef;w&m;udk,lí aumovwdkif;&Sd &G m wpf & G m od k Y o G m ;um oD w if ; oH k ; \/ xd k o d k Y oDwif;oHk;aexdkifNyD; yxrvrSmyif olYausmif; rD ; avmif c H & \/ ausmif ; rD ; avmif c H & í xdk&[ef;? oDwif;oHk;p&m ae&mr&Sdawmhay/ ausmif;r&Sdawmhí 'ku©BuD;pGmjzihf aexdkif&\/ xdktaMumif;udk &[ef;u &Gmom;wdkYtm; ajym Mum;\/ odkYaomf &Gmom;wdkYu taMumif;trsKd; rsKd;jyí ausmif;udkaqmufray;Muay/ olwdkY\ v,f w d k Y ü a&ajcmuf í ae\/ v,f x J o d k Y a&oGi;f ay;&rnfjzpfojzihf a&oGi;f Ny;D rS[q k \ kd /

a&oG i f ; NyD ; aomf rsKd ; BuJ N yD ; rS [ k q d k j yef o nf / apmif&ef;jyKvkyfNyD;aomf aygif;jrufwdkY okwf oifNy;D rSq\ kd / þodjYk zihf 0gwGi;f oH;k vvH;k qif;&J pGmaexdkif&ojzihf aumif;pGmw&m;tm;rxkwf &&Smay/ ¤if;onf y0g&PmjyKNyD;aomf jrwfpGm bk&m;&SifxHodkY oGm;a&mufí &Sdcdk;\/ jrwf p G m bk & m;onf xd k & [ef ; tm; ]oifonf 0gwGi;f oH;k vywfv;kH csr;f ompGm ae& yg\avm? ur®|mef;w&m;udka&m aygufajrmuf pGm tm;xkwfEkdifyg\avm} [k ar;jref;awmfrl onf/ xdktcg ¤if;&[ef;u jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif tm; þodjYk yefvnfí avQmufxm;awmfro l nf/ ]t&Sifbk&m; wynhfawmfonf avsmufywf aom ausmif;udk r&ojzihf ur®|mef;w&m;udk aygufajrmufatmif tm;rxkwEf ikd cf yhJ g} xdt k cg bk&m;&Sifu ]&[ef; a&S;tcgu wd&pämefwdkY onfyifvQif rdrdaexdkif&m t&yfonf rdrdwdkY aeoihf raeoihf csihfcsdefod&Sd\/ oifonf tb,faMumihf rod&oenf;} [k rdefYMum;í twdwfudk aqmifawmfrlygonf/ a&S ; oa&mtcg Am&mPoD j ynf ü jA[®'wfrif; tkyfpdk;\/ xdkpOfAk'¨tavmif; awmf o nf iS u f r sKd ; üjzpf \ / tcuf t cG E S i h f jynhfpHkaom tyifBuD;wpfyifudk trSDjyKvsuf iSuftaygif;wdkYNcH&HNyD;aexdkif\/ wpfcgaomf xd k o pf y if B uD ; onf avwd k u f a omtcgü opfcuftcsif;csif; yGwfrdojzihf trIefwdkYvGihf pifí usum trIefcdk;awGx\/ xdkt&mudk bk & m;tavmif ; iS u f y nm&S d u jrif a omf ]opfcufrsm; þokdY MumMumyGwfwdkufMuygu xdrk S rD;rsm; xGuaf y:vmNy;D xdrk rS ;D pwdYk opf&u G f a[mif;rsm;ay:odkY usum rD;avmifrnf/ xdkrD; onf igwdkYaexdkif&m opfyifBuD;udk pGJvdrfhrnf/ xdktcg igwdkYonf rD;ab;oihfí ysufpD;Mu& vdrhfrnf} [k awG;awmqifjcifrd\/ xdkYaMumihf iSut f aygif;wdu Yk kd pnf;a0;apNy;D ¤if;awG;rdaom udpöudkajymjy\/ tvHk;pHkaom iSufwdkYonf ynm&SdiSufrif;\ tqdkjyKcsufudk t<uif;rJh vufcHí xdkae&mrS tjrefqHk;xGufcGmoGm;Mu onf / tenf ; i,f a om iS u f w d k Y o mvQif xd k o pf y if ü usef & pf c J h M uaonf / ¤if ; wd k Y u ajymif;a&TUaom iSufwdkYudk yrmrcefYajym\/ NyHK;Mu? rJhMuNyD; ¤if;iSufwdkYudk tqdk;jrifbufu Munhí f a0zef\/ ]tvGet f odÓPfacgif;yg;Ny;D

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012 THE EXPLANATION OF THE NOBLE PRACTICE 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012

"r®puúyÜ0wåe okwåe, y#dywfusihfpOf Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta Naya Practice "r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif (tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&wuú o k d v f ) t"d u OD ; wnf & m y#d y wf u sih f p Of " r® xdkpOftcgu jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif a[m`rGwfawmfrlaom "r® puúyÜ0weokwfawmfjrwfü yg&Sdaom y#dygwfusihfpOf"r®udk txl;jyKí wifjyvd&k if;&nf&, G cf surf mS þaqmif;yg;\ t"duOD;wnf&mjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumihf "r®puúyÜ0wåeokwfawmfü a[m`rGwfawmfrlonfhtwdkif; þy#dywfusihfpOf"r®udk xkwfazmfí a&;om;wifjyvdkygonf/ "r® p uú y Ü 0 wå e ok w f a wmf w G i f (1) qif;&JtppftrSefjzpfaom ]]'ku©t&d,mopömw&m;}} ('ku©opöm) The Noble Truth of Suffering (Dukkha sacca-).

(2) qif;&JjzpfaMumif; tppftrSefjzpfaom ]]'ku©ork',t&d, opöm w&m;}} (ork',opöm) The Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering. (samudaya sacca-)

vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; 2599 ckESpfumv? r[mouú&mZf 103 ckESpf 0gqdkvjynhfpaeaeY nOfhae0ifptcsdefwGif taemufrZÑdrwdkif; (tdEd´,EdkifiH)Am&mPoDteD; £'dywe rd*'g0kefawmü a*gwrjrwfpGm bk&m;ocifonf &Sifaum@n? &Sif0yÜ? &Sifb'd´,? &Sifr[memr? &SiftóZdtrnf&SdawmfrlMuaom yÍö0*fig;OD;wdkYtm; ]]a'Gar bdu©a0 tEÅmyAÁZdawe eao0dwAÁm} (Dve me Bhikkhave anta- pabbajitena na sevitatabba-) tpjzmaom Ak'¨bk&m;&Sif yxrOD;a[mMum;awmf rlonfh "r®puúy0gqd Ü0gqd0k wåeokwaf wmfjrwf (Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta) udk a[m`rGwfawmfrlonf/

"r® p MumbD ; yk H E S i f h ab;ywf v nf r S bk & if r if ; rsm;0k d i f ; aeaom ausmuf q pf " gwf y k H pmrsuf E S m 17 ok d Y