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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com
Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm; t*¾r[my@dw b'´ E å ukrm& 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(pDr)H t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ EåaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw, d ygarmu©csKyq f &mawmf(ynm) tbd"r®myd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw a'guw f mb'´ Eåax&dE(´ Ph.D) yd#uwfqidk &f mygVpd mayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåy@dwmbd0o H (M.A) okwå Eåy#d uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf r[m*E¬0gpuy@dw b'´ Eåork e(M.A) Ak'a¨ 'oemjyefyh mG ;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmu©q&mawmf t*¾r[m*E¬0gpu y@dw b'´ EÅynm0Ho(M.A) armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmf
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Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION
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Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ udkajymwm/ 0rf;om p&mvnf; raumif;bl;ç 0rf;enf;p&mvnf; raumif;bl;qdw k mMuawmh odyNf y;D vlawGrajymMubl;ayhg? bmjzpfvw Ykd ek ;f qdkawmh xifrS rxif&Sm;wmudk;/ odkYaomf rSwfxm;zdkY&mu pdwf&Sd&if a0'em&Sdw,fqdkwmyJ/ ur®|mef;&dyfomawGrSm wpfcgwpfcgoHk;wJhpum;av; wpfck&Sdw,f/ a0'emukefatmifrSwf a0'emausmfEdkif&r,f/ tJ'g 'ku©a0'emwpfck wnf;udk &nfpl;NyD;ajymwmaemf/ a0'emqdkwm ausmfatmifrSwfvdkY &ygh rvm; (r&ygbl;bk&m;)? pdwaf wGuek o f mG ;rS a0'emukerf mS yJ? pdw&f adS eorQ a0'em&Sad er,f/ bmjzpfvw Ykd ek ;f qd&k if a0'emqdw k m pdw&f UJ cHpm;csuaf v; udk ajymwm/ pdwf&SdorQ a0'em&Sdwmcsnf;yJ/ aemufqHk; b,favmuf odrfarGUwJhpdwfyJjzpfjzpf wpfcPav;wifjzpfwJh r*fpdwfav;rSmvnf; a0'em&SdwmyJ/ zdkvfpdwfrSmvnf; a0'em&SdwmyJ/ edAÁmefudk tm½HkjyKwJh pdwfawGrSm a0'em&SdwmyJ/ edAÁmefukd awGUBuHKwm edAÁmefukd csrf;omokc auseyfp&mtaeeJY awGUBuHKw,f- okca0'emjzpfwmayhg/ tJ'Dvdk pdwf&JUtawGUtBuHKav;awGvdkY 'DvdkajymvdkY&Sd&if 'g a0'em&JUoabm[m vufawGUtm;jzihf ydNk y;D awmh odomw,fayhg/ t*Fvyd f vdk feeling vdkY jyefwJhtcgusawmh wpfcgwpf&H cE¨mudk,frSm jzpfay:wm awGeJY oGm;NyD;awmha&maxG;rI&Sdw,f/ jynhfjynhfpHkpHkjzpfatmif mental feeling qdkvdkY&Sd&ifawmh eJeJawmfw,fayhg/ pdwf&JUcHpm;rIuav;awG? taumif;qHk;uawmh mental experiences/ pmayawGrSm b,fvdkoHk;wkef;qdkvdkY&Sd&if a0'emqdkwJhpum;vHk; &JU t"dyÜm,fu a0',dwvu©Pm- tm½Hkudk cHpm;w,fqdkwJh trSwf tom; &Sdw,f/ aumif;&if aumif;w,f? raumif;&if raumif;bl;qdkwJh tawGUtBuHKudk ajymwmyJ/ tJ'DtawGUtBuHKqdkwm udk,fwdkifjzpfwJhtcg rS odwmudk;/ jzpfvmwJhtcgrSm pdwfav;rSm tawGUtBuHKav;awGqdkwm &Sdw,f/ &SdvdkY rSwfxm;wm/ Oyrm- i½kwfoD;jrif&if pyfw,fqdkwm aemufwpfcg rSwrf rd aebl;vm;/ at;- i½kwo f ;D pyfw,fqw kd mudk onm u rSwx f m;onht f wGuaf Mumihf i½kwo f ;D jrifvu dk w f meJY tJ'pD yfw,fqw kd hJ feeling uav;ay:vmw,f/ tJ'v D kd tm½Hek o YJ abmuav;ay:vmw,f/ 'DvdkyJ aMumufp&mtm½Hkwpfckudk wpfcgjrifxm;vdkY pdwfu aMumufp&mvdYk tawGUtBuKH &x dS m;w,f/ onmuvnf; rSwv f u dk w f ,f/ aemufwpfcg 'grsdK;jrifwJhtcg aMumufw,fqdkwJhpdwf&JU feeling u ay:vmjyefwmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh pdwf&JU feeling pdwf&JU experience awGukd a0'emvdkY ajymvdkY&w,f/ apwodufawGqdkwm function wpfckpD&SdMuw,f/ (function qdw k m aqmif&u G w f u hJ pd )ö udpjö cif;rwlonht f wGuaf Mumifh qdik &f mqdik &f m udk,fydkifudpöwpfckpD&SdwmrdkY wpfckvdkY,lqw,fç wpfckvdkY a&wGuf&w,f? wu,fawmh ajymr,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if apwodufawG[m pdwf&JUvIyf&Sm;rIawG vdkY ajymr,fqdkvnf; ajymvdk&w,f/ pdwf&JUvkyfaqmifcsufawGvdkYyJ ajym&r,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY wpfcgwpfcgusawmh pdwfvdkYyJ ajymvkdufw,f/ apwoduf&,fvdkY cGJNyD; ajymraeawmhbl;/ tJ'Dawmh pdwfav;wpfckrSm aqmif & G u f r I u d p ö a wG [ m twk d i f ; twmtvk d u f & S d M uw,f / pd w f & J U aqmif&GufrIawG (odkYr[kwf) pdwfxJrSm jzpfay:vmwJht&mawG[m 52rsdK; &SdvdkY apwoduf 52-rsdK;vdkYqdkwm/ tJ'D apwoduf 52-rsdK;xJrSm 'Da0'emudk oD;oD;oefYoefYxkwf NyD; ur®|mef;½IzdkYqdkNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;u 0dyóem&JU tm½HktaeeJY 'DrSm a[mwm/ ouúyÚ§okwfrSm a0'emur®|mef;qdkNyD; odMum;rif;BuD;udk a[mxm;wmvnf; 'Da0'emyJ/ tJ'Da0'emeJY ywfoufvmvdkY&Sd&if aemufxyf rSwfom;avhvmp&mawG ajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdw,f/
5
Ak'*¨ w D u d m q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&
(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) ed * @ 0w¦ K Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg tcsif;cyfodrf; t0wfr0wfaom tapvu wuú w G e f ; a&S U tzk d Y u om (t&S u f v k H ½ k H ) t0wf 0 wf a om ed * @ wuúweG ;f ukd taMumif;jyKí ]]tvZÆw d m a, tvZEÅ}d } paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ xkd*gxm\tqkH;ü ed*@ wuúwGef;rsm;pGmwdkY oHa0*&í&[ef;jyKavukef \/ tvZÆdwm a, vZÆEÅd? vZÆdwm a, e vZÆa&/ rdpäm'd|d orm'gem? owåm *päEÅd 'k*¾wd H/ tba, b,'ódaem? ba,pmb,'ódaem/ rdpäm'd|d orm'gem? owåm *päEÅd 'k*¾wd H/ jref r muAsm r&SufzG,fü &SufvkdufzkHzkH? &SufzG,fjzpfvsuf r&SufMuukef? rSm;aomt,l &Sdolrsm;wkH? raumif;&m oGm;um a&muf&ukef/ Beings who are ashamed of what is not shameful, and are not ashamed of what is shameful, embrace false views and go to a woefol state.
pum;ajy/ / tMuif o wå 0 gwk d Y o nf &S u f z G , f r[k w f & mü &S u f w wf u k e f \ / &S u f z G , f [ k w f & mü r&S u f M uuk e f a om rSm;aomt,l&Sdaom xkdowå0gwkdYonf raumif;aom*wdokdY oGm;Mu &ukef\/ jref r muAsm ab;r[kwfvpf ab;jzpf½Iukef? ab;[kwfaeu ab;r½Iukef? rSm;aomt,l &Sdolrsm;wkH? raumif;&m oGm;uma&muf&ukef/ Beings who see fear in what is not to be feared, and see no fear in the fearsome embrace false views and go to a woeful state.
pum;ajy/ / tMuif o wå 0 gwd k Y o nf ab; r[k w f o nf ü ab;[k ½ I u k e f \ / ab;[k w f o nf ü ab;r[k w f [ k ½I u k e f a om rSm;aomt,l&Sdaom xkdowå0gwdkYonf raumif;aom*wdokdY oGm;Mu &ukef\/
Satipat.t.ha-na: - THE DIRECT PATH TO REALIZATION
6
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/
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10
"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/
ur®|mef;q&mESifh ,HkMunfrI oQif a wZrmvm (e*g;ay:)
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onhf yk*¾dKvfr&Sdjcif;/ 2/ 'kAÁapm= qdkqHk;rcufjcif;/ 3/ taem0g'ua&m= tqHk;trokdY vkdufemírjyKjcif;/ 4/ q&mtm; ryefMum;bJ tvdk&Sd&m (pdwfvGwfvyfpGm oGm;vmEdkifjcif;)wdkY jzpfyg onf/ trSeftm;jzihf ur®|mef;w&m; tm; xkwf&mü q&mwnf;[laom txdef;tuGyf&Sd rSomvQif rdrd\tm;xkwfrIonf pnf;pepfus rnfjzpf\/ q&mwnf;[laom txdef;tuGyf r&Sdygrl vGwfcsifovdkvGwfaernfjzpfí tm½Hk pl;pdkufrI r&Edkifay/ tm½Hkpl;pdkufrIr&&Sdygrl xdkyk*¾dKvfonf w&m;xl;ESihf a0;&ayawmhrnf/ w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;[lonf rdrd\pdwfudk od&Sd atmif ½Ijcif;jzpfyg\/ tm½Hkpl;pdkufrIr&SdcJhygrl rdrd\ pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI rSeforQudk tb,fodkY od&Sd Edik yf gawmhrnfenf;/ xdkYaMumifh rdrdpdwfudk od&SdEdkif&ef twGuf tm½Hpk ;l pdu k rf &I zdS Ykd vdt k yf\/ tm½Hpk l;pdkuf rI &SdEdkif&eftwGuf ur®|mef;q&mwnf;[laom txdef;tuGyfvnf; &Sd&ayrnf/ ,if;odkYq&m tm; ,HMk unfjcif;udk cH,o l nhef nf;wl ur®|mef;
q&monfvnf; wynhfwdkY\ ,HkMunfjcif;udk cHEdkifavmufonhf t&nftcsif;wdkY&SdzdkYvdk\/ ur®|mef;q&mwpfa,muf\ t&nftcsif;[l onfvnf; *kPft*Fgowådtm;jzihf (7) yg;&Sd\/ 1/ yda,m- oDvpifMu,fí cspfcif zG,faom *kPf&Sdjcif;/ 2/ *½k- oDvorm"d*kPfwdkYaMumifh tav;tjrwfjyKtyfaom*kPf&Sdjcif;/ 3/ bm0eDa,m- owå0gwdkYtay:ü arwåma&rcef;? &Tifvef;yGm;rsm;aptyfaom *kPf&Sdjcif;/ 4/ 0wåmp- olwpfyg;udk aumif; atmif qHk;rwwfaom *kPf&Sdjcif;/ 5/ 0peu©arm- olwpfyg;wdkY ajymqdk orQudkvnf; onf;cHEdkifaom*kPf&Sdjcif;/ 6/ *rÇD&Íö uxHuwåm- eufeJaom w&m;pum;wdu Yk kd ajymMum;wwfaom*kP&f jdS cif;/ 7/ ed0|mae eda,mZa,- ravsmuf ywfaomt&mXmewdkYü rwkdufwGef;wwfaom *kPf&Sdjcif; wdkYjzpfyg\/ þ*k P f t *F g t&nf t csif ; wd k Y E S i f h jynfhpHkaom ur®|mef;q&mudk ]]uvsmPrdwå ur®|mef;q&m}} [k ac:\/ xdkYtjyif tvHk;pHk aom t&nftcsif;? tvHk;pHkaom *kPfowådwdkY ESihf jynfph EkH ikd rf nhf ur®|mef;q&mrsm;vnf; &Sad o; \/ ,if;q&mwdkYum; (1) jrwfAk'¨? (2) &Spfusdyf aom r[mom0ursm;? (3) &[EÅmyk*¾dKvf? (4) tem*grfyk*¾dKvf? (5) ou'g*grfyk*¾dKvf? (6) aowmyefyk*¾dKvf? (7) psmef&yk*¾dKvf? (8) ykxkZOf yd#uoHk;yHkaqmifyk*¾dKvf? (9) ykxkZOfyd#u ESpfyHk aqmifyk*¾dKvf? (10) ykxkZOfyd#uwpfyHkaqmif yk*¾dKvf[lonfwdkY jzpfMu\/ tu,fíum; þodkYaom ur®|mef; q&mwd k Y r&S d c J h a omf ed u m,f i g;&yf w d k Y w G i f wpfcck ak om edum,fü t|uxmESiw fh uG uRr;f usiyf ikd Ef ikd o f nhyf *k Kd¾ v?f vZÆaD yov odum© umr A[kokwyk*¾dKvfwdkYudk ur®|mef;q&m wifxdkuf \/ þyk * ¾ d K vf w d k Y o nf owå e f y gVd a wmf u d k aqmifEikd af omq&mvnf; rnf\/ trsKd ;tEG,f wd k Y u d k apmif h a &S m uf w wf a omq&mvnf ; rnf\/ tpOftqufudk apmifha&Smufwwf aom q&mvnf;rnf\/ tmp&d,rwdaum= q&m\tvdq k E´ t,l0g'udk rvGefusL;bJ tNrJ,SOfwwfaom yk*¾dKvfrnfí xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkYxHomvQif ur®|mef; w&m;udk cH,ltyf\/ ,if;jyqdkcJhonhf *kPfxl; 0daooESijfh ynhpf akH omyk*Kd¾ vo f nf ]]vZÆ&D u©ó d wd}} rnf\/ vZÆyD *k Kd¾ vjf zpfí omoemawmf tm;
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ apmifha&SmufEdkifol[k t"dyÜm,f&\/ ygVdt|uxm#DumESihf q&mwdkY\ Mo0g'udk rcH,b l J ud, k t fh BuKd uu f , kd v fh rf;pOfukd xGiftyfaom ur®|mef;q&monf ]]twåaem rwdu}} rnf\/ twåaemrwdu[lonf r*fvrf; zdv k v f rf; rajzmifw h ef;bJjzpfí y#dywåo d moem awmfBuD;tm; apmifha&SmufEdkifvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ y#da0"omoemawmfBuD;tm; apmifha&SmufEdkif vdrhfrnfr[kwf[k jyqdkjcif;jzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf ur®|mef;tm;xkwfvdkaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf ,if; twåaemrwduur®|mef;q&mwdx Yk üH rcsO;f uyf tyf? rcsOf;uyfxkdufay/ enf;cH,ljcif;iSmvnf; roihfawmfay/ q&mwifrSm;awmh wpfoHo&m vHk; arSmufoGm;Edkifay\/ ur®|mef;q&mtm; ,HMk unfpmG tyfEHS jcif ; ES i h f y wf o uf í 0d o k ' ¨ d r *f ü vm&S d a om ]]plVyd@ygwdurax&fBuD;}} \ wynhf&[ef; oHk;yg;udk om"ujyqdkayOD;tHh/ ,if;rax&fBuD; xHwiG f ur®|mef;enf;cH,Ml uonhf wynf&h [ef; oH;k yg;onf q&mhtay:ü ,HMk unfrt I jynft h 0 pmrsuf E S m 7 rS
&Sd\/ tb,frQ,HkMunfMuoenf;[lrl ]]t&Sif bk&m;? tolw&meufaom acsmufurf;yg;xJ odkY ckefcsrS t&Sifbk&m;\ tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef; rnfqdkygvQif wynhfawmfonf tolw&meuf aom acsmufurf;yg;xJodkY ckefcs0Hhygonf}} [k yxr&[ef;wpfyg;u qdk\/ þtwl 'k w d , &[ef ; wpf y g;u ]]t&Sib f &k m;tm; aus;Zl;&drS nfqykd gvQif wynhf awmf\ cE¨mudk,ftwåabmudk ajczaemihfrS pí OD;acgif;wdik af tmif ausmufysOw f iG f yGwaf p aoG;apí t<uif;rJhukefatmif jyK0Hhyg onf}} [k qdk\/ wwd,&[ef;uvnf; ]]wynhfawmf onf q&mtm; tusd K ;rsm;rnf q d k y gvQif wynhfawmf\ xGufouf0ifoufudkydwfum aojcif;udk jyK0Hhygonf}} [k qdk\/ þrQ &J0HhpGmajymqdkMujcif;aMumifh q&mrax&fBuD;u ]]þwynhfwdkYonf uRwf xkdufaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYaywnf;}} [k qifjcifí xdk&[ef;wdkYESihfoifhavsmfaom ur®|mef;w&m;
rpD;ukef? rmea&t,Of woGifoGifrpD;vwf aomf xdk&[ef;udk udavomcyfodrf; Nidrf;at; rd c if o nf wpf O D ; wnf ; aomom; aom (cD P mo0? &[ef ; ) [k qd k t yf \ / tay:xm;&Sdaom arwåmuJhodkY owå0gtm;vkH; 0dyóemynmudk rarh&m? 0pDopömudk apmihf&m tay:ü ,if;pdwx f m;rsK;d ? ,if;arwåmrsK;d xm;& \/ udavomudk pGefYcGmzdkY&efyGm;rsm; tm;xkwf ayrnf/ tuefYtowf rxm;&? twkdif;twm &m\/ xdk&[ef;onf udavom Nidrf;at;&ef r&Sdaom arwåmxm;&Sdjcif;rsKd; jzpfoihfayonf/ om usi&fh m\} [k Ak'o ¨ nf "mwk0b d *Fow k v f m - O'¨H ta"gp wd&d,Íö? torÁm"H ta0& Oa'´o (tusOf;) rmwdumudk cif;xm;NyD;vQif roywå/H xdkrmwdumyg pum;0guspkudk wpfckpD wpfck txuf b0*fbkH? atmuf t0Dpd pD tus,(f eda'´o) zGijfh yí a[mawmfryl gonf/ i&JbkH tMum;tvyf &Sd&SdorQ owå0grsm;tm; (tus,u f kd Oy&dyPÖmo "mwk0b d *F ab;&ef a &S m if & S m ;&ef arwå m xm;oih f a y okwfü ½Iygav/) ownf;/ bk&m;&Sifu 0dyóemynmudk rarh earm or® m orÁ K '¨ ó &m [laom tusOf; Oa'´ormwdumpum;&yf \tus,f e d a '´ o ud k t&[wå z d k v f y nm rk H & G m aeZm txGwf wyfía[mMum;aomtcg t&SifyuúK omwdonf rdrd\ a&S;aumif;rI Oyedó,&Sd onfhtavsmuf atmufzdkvfoHk;yg;a&muf&Sdum pmrsuf E S m 9 rS tem*grf t&d,mjzpfavawmhonf/ í rdrdtm; w&m;a[mrnfholudk ½dkaopGm Oyrmtm;jzihf jynhf&Sifrif;BuD;onf emrnfjzpfaMumif; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om0efcv H u kd f pm;awmfa&TcGufjzihf txl;xl;aom t&om&Sd onf/ aom abmZOfudk pm;aepOf rdrd\ cHwGif;yrm ]&[ef ; yk * ¾ d K vf o wå 0 gonf "mwf Ptwdkif; xrif;vkwfudk jyKvkyfí &ifcGifü ajcmufyg;&Sd\/ zóm,we ajcmufyg;&Sd\/ xdkifaeaom rif;om;i,fu xrif;vkwfudk pdwf\ BuHpnfoHk;oyfjcif;? wpfq,hf&Spfyg;&Sd\/ pm;vdkaom trlt&mudkjyvwfaomf xdkrdrd wnf&m w&m;av;yg;&Sd\/ ,if;wnf&mw&m; pm;&efjyKvkyfxm;aom xrif;vkwfudk rif;om; av;yg;wd k Y \ wnf a om yk * ¾ d K vf o wå 0 gtm; i,ftm; cGHUay;&m\/ rif;om;i,fonf rdrd ig[líaxmifvTm; rSwfxifrI rmea&t,OfwdkY cHwGif;yrmP&SdoavmufomvQif xrif;vkwf
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rsm;udk vrf;pOfrSefuefpGm a[mjyay;av\/ &[ef;wdkYonfvnf; ,HkMunfrItjynhft0jzihf ur®|mef;q&m tqH;k trüwnfí waoGrwdr;f vkdufemusihfBuHtm;xkwfjcif;aMumihf tmoa0g uif;uGm&m r*fzkdvfcsrf;omodkY qdkufa&muf aom &[EÅmt&SifjrwfBuD;rsm; jzpfoGm;Muav \/ jrwfAk'¨wnf;[laom uvsmPrdwåç &[EÅmç ou'g*grfç tem*grfç aomwmyefç A[kokw uvsmPrdwå (yd#uokwåef? edum,f uRrf;uifaomolawmfaumif;) yk*¾dKvfwdkYxHü ,HkMunfrItjynhft0jzihf csOf;uyfygrl? ur®|mef; enf;,lí tm;xkwfMuygrl rdrdwdkY &SmazGaeMu onhf y#doaE¨aejcif;uif;&mw&m;? tdkemao vGwaf jrmuf&mw&m;ç aomuç y&da'0ç 'ku© ç a'greóç Oyg,mowd k Y r S vG w f a jrmuf & m w&m;wdkYudk &&SdEdkifrnfjzpfyg\/ oQif a wZrmvm (e*g;ay:) usrf ; uk d ; -0d o k ' ¨ d r *f udk pm;oHk;&m\/ usefaom xrif;abmZOfudk rif ; BuD ; onf ud k , f a wmf w d k i f a omf v nf ; pm;oH k ; &m\/ pm;awmf c G u f ü aomf v nf ; wpfzefjyefxnfh&m\/ þOyrmtwlyif w&m;&Sifjzpfawmf rl a om bk & m;&S i f o nf ud k , f a wmf j rwf \ a&TÓPfcHwGif;yrmPtwkdif; t&[wåzdkvf? txG w f t xd y f w if v suf w&m;a'oemud k a[majymawmfrlygonf/ t&SifyuúKomwd[l aom rif;om;i,fonf rdrd\ a&S;aumif;rI? OyedócHwGif; yrmPtwdkif; w&m;a'oem xrif;vkwf\ av;yHkoHk;yHk yrmPjzpfaom atmuf z d k v f o H k ; yg;wd k Y o k d Y qd k u f a &muf u m tem*grft&d,mjzpfavonf/ usrf;ukd;r[mAk'0¨ ifusr;f (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
DHAMMA TALKS
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"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/
0#ftNrJ i&JtyqdMk u&m pum; tvm Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; 0#ftNr[ J al om pum;onf 0¥wd[q k akd om ygVdy'k rf S vmaom jrefrmpum;jzpf\/ 0¥wdyk'f\ teufrSm vnfwwf? vnfíjzpfwwf? vSnhfywfwwfonfhoabmjzpf\/ 0¥= tm0wåae+t/ tvGefvnfwwfaom vHk;0ef;aom t&m0w¬Konf 0¥rnf\/ wenf;-xdv k ;kH 0ef;aom 0w¬Kuo hJ Ykd vdrcfh siw f ikd ;f vdr?hf vnfcsiw f ikd ;f vnfí tqH;k rowf Mumjrihpf mG umvywfv;kH oHo&m wpfcGif NyJNyJpifatmif vHk;vnf0ef;ywfwwfaom w&m;onf? 0¥=0#f rnfav\/ oH o &mwcG i f v nf w wf a om 0#f o H k ; yg; oHo&mwcGif tqHk;rowf MumjrihfpGmvnfwwfaom 0#foHk; yg;&Sd\/ xd0k #fo;kH yg;um;(1) udavom0#f= udavomw&m;rsm;/ (2) ur®0#f= uHw&m;rsm;/ (3) 0dygu0#f=uH\tusKd;w&m;rsm;/ ykxkZOf yk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; xdk0#foHk;yg; pvHk;vnf\/ t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkYrlum; qdkif&mudavom 0#fjywf\/ qdkif&m tukodkvfuH[kqdktyfaom ur®0#fvnf;jywf\/ &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfum; ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuH[kqdktyfaom ur®0#fjywf\/ r*fzdkvf tm;avsmfpGm y,ftyfaom y#doaE¨0dyguf[k qdktyfao 0dygu0#fvnf;jywf\/ odkYaomf ukokdvf? tukodkvftusKd;jzpfaom y0wdå0dyguf[k qdktyfaom 0dygu0#fum; rjywfyJ vnfNrJvnfav\/ bk&m;&[EÅmwdkYaomfrS a&Smifr&aom 0#ftNrJ þtNrJvnfaom ukokdvf? tukodkvf\ y0wdåtusKd;jzpfaom 0dygu0#fonf NrJaom0#fjzpfí ]0#ftNrJ} [kqdkonf/ bk&m;? &[EÅmwdkY aomfrS a&SmifvTJí r&aom ]0#ftNrJ} jzpfavonf/ i&J t y[k q d k M uaompum; ]i&Jty} [kqdkMuaom pum;&Sd\/ xdkpum;ü ]i&J} [k qdko jzihf i&J? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? tol&um,fwnf;[laom csrf;omr&Sd 'ku© twdjzpfaom tyg,fav;bHkpvHk;udk ,l&rnf/ pifMu,faom tusio fh u d m© &Sad om r*fzv kd &f &SNd y;D aom t&d,m yk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; tyg,fwHcg;vHk;0ydwfoGm;aomaMumihf tyg,frS tyjzpf oGm;onfudk ]i&JrSty} [kqdkMuonf/ aomwmyefyk*¾dKvftm; aomwmywdår*fwefcdk;aMumihf tyg,f odkYusrnfh udavomuHw&m;? qif;&J'ku©tusKd;w&m;awG tukeftjrpf uRwfuif;qdwfoGm;ukef\/ txufu t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkYvnf; þenf; twdkif;yif ]i&JrSty} tyg,frusjzpf&avukef\/ þonfwdkYum; ]0#ftNrJ-i&Jty} [laom pum;\ vdk&if; t"dyÜg,fjzpfonf/ odkYaomf tyg,fub,favmufyif vGwfvGwf? i&Ju
b,favmufyJ yy (y0wdåtusKd;)0dygu0#fu rvGwfEkdif? tcsdefusu rkcsvmrnf[k rSwf,lMu&monf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;\ 0d y guf a wmf (12)yg; oAÁnKwÓPfawmf&Sif jrwfpGmbk&m;aomfrS a&SmifvTJrvG,f aom 0#f'ku©um; (y0wdåtusKd;) 0dygu0#fjzpfavonf/ xdk0#fonf bk&m;yifjzpfapumrl tcsdefusu vma&mufaESmuf,Sufonfom jzpf onf/ 0d y guf a wmf ( 12)yg; aqmif y k ' f v uF m bk&m;aomfrS? a&Smifr&onfh? 0¥'ku©? xkwfqdkjyrl (1) 'kuú& wpfeJ? (2) pGyfpGJpdÍörm? (3-4) ESpfjzm okE´&D? aESmihf,Sufonfwnhf? (5) ausmufcsDvSdrfhowf? (6) ausmufcwf tem? (7) qifvTwfumESihf? (8) tem"m;cGJ? (9) acgif;awmfcJ\/ (10) vTJr&wrf;? rka,mqGrf;ESihf? (11) Murf;wrf;cg;em? (12) 0rf;vm;umvQi?f r[ma*gwr? jrwfA'k t ¨ m;? jzpf& avaomf? roihfavsmfonf? 0#fawmfq,fhESpfyg;ESifESifwnf;/ (1) yXr0#f a wmf 'kuú&p&d,m (6)ESpfMumusihf&jcif; 0dygu 0#fawmf? bk&m; avmif;aZmwdygvvkvifonf uóyjrwfpGmbk&m; bk&m;tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sdonfudk vlwdkYajymqdkMuaomtcg ]'DuwHk;u b,fuaAm"d ÓPf&EkdifrSmvJ/ aAm"dÓPfuvG,fwmr[kwfbl;/ olu 'kuú&p&d,m 6 &ufxJusihfvkdY bk&m;jzpfw,fqdk&if 'dkYu 6 ESpfusihfNyD;awmh bk&m;jzpf r,fa[h} [k jypfrSm; ajymqdkcJhaom 0dygu0#fjzpfavonf/ (2) 'k w d , 0#f a wmf pdÍörmP0dum (bk&m;ESihf udk,f0ef&aMumif;)pGyfpGJcH&aom 0#f awmf/ oAÁmbdbl jrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynhfeE´rnfaom &[EÅmudk &[ef; r[kwf[k qJa&;ykwfcwfpGyfpGJzl;aom tukokdvfuHtusKd;aMumifh þ0#f awmfcH&onf/ (3) wwd , 0#f a wmf okE´&Dy&dAdkZfr\ pGyfpGJjcif; cH&aom0#fawmf/ xdkokE´&Dy&dAdkZfr onf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif oDwif;oHk;awmfrl&m ausmif;awmfteD; tcsdefr awmfoGm;? tcsdefrawmfjyefvmNyD; bk&m;&SifESihf twltdyfvmcJhaMumif; vlwdkY ,HkrSm;atmif vkyfBuHpGyfpGJav\/ a&S;tcgu a*gwrbk&m;avmif; rkemVdrnfaom t&uform;onf ok&bdrnfaom yapöuAk'¨gtm; 'kóDv &[ef;[k pGyfpGJcJhaom tukokdvfuHaMumifh þ0#fawmfcH&onf/ (4) pwk w ¬ 0 #f a wmf wdwd¬wdkYonf okE´&Dy&dAdkZfrudkowfí aZw0efausmif;awmf tjyifzuf&Sd trdIufyHkü ypfcsNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ wynhfom0uwdkYu owfaMumif; tjypfwifcH&aom 0#f/ a&S;tcg bk&m;avmif;&aohjzpf pOfu psmeftbdnmOf&aom &aohwpfyg;vmaomtcg bk&m;tavmif; onf £om(rvdkrkef;xm;)jzpfí ur®*kPfcHpm;aeaom twktvdrfBuD; [k pGyfpGJajymqdkcJhaom tukodkvfaMumihf þ0#fawmfudk cH&onf/
DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ (5) yÍö r 0#f a wmf a'0'wfausmufarmif;qifvSdrfhowfcH&aom 0#fawmf? bk&m; tavmif;awmfonf a&S;b0wkef;u nDt&if;udk aetdrfü rdbwdkY r&Sd cdu k w f iG f cdu k &f efjzpfí ausmufw;kH jzifx h zk o d wfaom tukov kd u f aH Mumihf þ0#fawmfudk cH&onf/ (6) q|r0#f a wmf Ak'¨tm; a'0'wfausmufarmif;qif vSdrfhcsowfaomtcg ausmufwHk;BuD;rS yJhxGufvmaom ausmufcJtjywfponf? jrwfpGmbk&m; \ ajcawmfudk xdcdkufí temw&jzpf&aom0#fawmf/ bk&m;tavmif; onf wpfcak omb0 i,fpOftcgü qGr;f cH<uvmaom yapöuAk'g¨ bk&m; &Sifudk þuwHk; &[ef;onf tb,fodkYoGm;rnfenf;[kqdkum ausmufcJ i,fjzihf yapöuAk'¨g\ ajcudk xkcJh\/ xdkuHaMumihf þ0#fawmfudk cH& onf/ (7) owå r 0#f a wmf emVm*D&dqifjzihf wdkufowfcH&aom 0#fawmf/ a&S;tcgu bk&m;avmif;onf qifxed ;f jzpfpOftcg qifp;D vmpOf yapöuAk'g¨ wpfyg; ESiw fh ½l aI wGU&avonf/ ][,f 'DuwH;k b,fuae b,fvrkd sm; vmaewm vJ} [k ajymqdkNyD; jypfrSm;vdkaompdwfjzihf qifESihfwdkufí ajcmufvSefYav onf/ xdktukodkvfuHaMumihf þ0#fawmfcH&\/ (8) t|r0#f a wmf a'0'wfausmufarmif;qifvrdS chf sowfaomtcgu ausmufw;kH BuD;rS yJhxGufvmaom ausmufcJpwpfpajcawmfudk xdcdkufrd&mrS temjzpf&mwGif q&mZD0uu Ak'¨\ ajcawmftemudk "m;cGJukojcif;cH &aom 0#fawmf/ bk&m;tavmif;onf EkpOftcg wpfckaom b0ü Murf;wrf;rdkufrJaom ypöEÅ&mZfrif;jzpfí vrf;avQmufoGm;pOf tjypfrJh aom jynfolrsm;tm; "m;jzihf ckwfjzwfxdk;í upm;cJhaom tukodkvfuH aMumihf þ0#fawmfcH&onf/ (9) e0r0#f a wmf Ak'j¨ rwfpmG OD;acgif;awmf tjyif;txefukd udu k cf aJ om 0#fawmf/ bk&m;tavmif;onf EkpOftcg wHigonf\ om;jzpfcJh\/ wHigonfwdkY onf ig;udk acgif;xkí owfonfudkMunhfNyD; 0rf;omtm;&jzpfrdaom tukodkvfuHaMumihf þ0#fawmfcH&onf/ (10) 'or0#f a wmf Ak'¨jrwfpGm a0&ÍÆmNrdKUü 0gqdkawmfrlpOf rka,mqGrf;bkOf;ay;& aom 0#fawmf/ bk&m;tavmif;onf EkpOftcgu rdkufrJaom vlnHh wpfa,mufjzpfí zkójrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynhf&[ef;rsm; qGrf;bkOf;ay; aeonfujkd rif&í ]tkd uwH;k uk, d af wmfw?Ykd oifwo Ykd nf þqGr;f aumif;awG ESihf rxdkufwefMuyg/ rpm;Muukefvihf? rka,mqefMurf;xrif;udkom pm; Muyg} [k ajymqdkaom tukodkvfuHaMumihf þ0#fawmfcH&onf/ (11) {um 'or0#f a wmf jrwfpGmbk&m; cg;awmfausmawmfem&aom 0#fawmf? twdwf taMumif; EkpOftcgu bk&m;tavmif;onf vufa0SUorm; vlyu k av; jzpf\/ odkYaomf tm;cGefAv vGefpGmawmihfwif;\/ tNrdKUNrdKU te,fe,f ü atmifEkdifvmaom csefyD,Hvufa0SUorm; xGm;xGm;BuD;udk vufa0SUyGJ ü vufudkudkifíaumif;uifü vSnhf&rf;NyD; ypfvdkufaomtcg xdkvuf a0SUorm;BuD;onf ycHk;½dk;usKd;í usoGm;av\/ atmifyef;,lNyD;rS bk&m; tavmif;onf xdkvufa0SUorm;BuD;udk yuwdtwdkif; jyefaumif;oGm; atmif ukoíay;av\/ xdktukodkvfuHaMumihf þ0#fawmfudkcH&\/
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(12) 'G g 'or 0#f a wmf Ak'¨jrwfpGm 0rf;awmfvm;&aom0#fawmf/ twdwftaMumif;Ek pOftcgu bk&m;tavmif;onf aq;q&mjzpf\/ olaX;om;udk aq;uk o&m aq;zdk;0g;cray;aomaMumihf 0rf;avsmaq;ay;í 'ku©BuD;pGm a&mufapcJh\/ xdktukodkvfuHaMumihf þ0#fawmfudk cH&\/ (ty? |? y? 128-141) vuf 0 J a wmf & H &S i f a rm*¾ v mef 0 #f a uR; wefcdk;awmf {w'*f&vuf0Jawmf&H &Sifarm*¾vmef ausmufwHk; jzihfxkowfcH&í edAÁmefpHvGef&onf/ t&Sifjrwfonf EkpOfwpfb0u ZeD;r,m;\ pum;udkem;axmifrdí rdbudk ausmufwHk;jzihf xkowfcJh aom tukokdvfuHaMumihf b0aygif;Budrfzefrsm;pGm ausmufwHk;jzihf xkowfcHcJh&NyD; ,ckypdörb0du aemufqHk;tBudrfwGifvnf; þodkY 0dygwf awmfvdkufí towfcH&onf/ &S i f a vmou wd ó qG r f ; r0iwf j ywf a om 0#f a <u; twdwfwpfb0u xdkt&Sifonf awm&Gmbkef;BuD;jzpf\/ tm*EÅK&[EÅmudk ausmif;wumu MunfndKaomaMumihf remvdkjzpfum xdk&[EÅmqGrf;rpm;&atmif jyKvkyfcJhaom tukokdvfuHaMumihf arG;vm uwnf;u wpf&GmvHk; wpftdrfvHk; tpma&pmiwfjywfojzihf ¤if;udk pGefYypfxm;cJh&mrS t&Sifom&dykwå&mu &[ef;jyKay;\/ qGrf;cHí r& qGrf;r0 iwfjywfí 'ku©BuD;pGm cH&onf/ y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlrnfhaeYü pwk r"kudk t0 bkOf;ay;oGm;&aomol\/ &S i f u k @ "me rd e f ; rt&d y f a Mumif h 'k u © a &muf a om0#f a <u; xdkt&Sif\ teD;tyg;ü rdef;rwpfa,muf tNrJ&Sdaeojzihf vlktaygif;wdkY rMunfndKí qGrf;cHr& 'ku©a&muf&onf/ twdwfb0u ¤if;onf ½ku©pdk;ewfjzpf\/ tvGefoihfjrwfaeMuaom &[ef;ESpfyg;wdkYudk tuJprf;oyfvdkojzihf &[ef;wpfyg; udk,fvufudpötwGuf awmNcHKxJ 0ifomG ;&mwGif taemufrS rde;f ra,mifzefqif;í xdak wmNcKH xo J Ykd vdu k 0f if oGm;[efjyK\/ xdak emufrMumrD uydu k ½djk zihf ¤if;awmNcKH xrJ S jyefxu G v f m [efjyKjyefav\/ tjyifü use&f pfaom &[ef;onf awmNcKH xrJ S tcif;Bu;D tcif; i,fomG ;Ny;D jyefxu G v f maom oli,fcsi;f &[ef;udk oDvysucf ahJ vNyaD vm [k ,HkrSm;í pdwf0rf;uGJoGm;av\/ xdktcg ½ku©pdk;onf rdrdjyKcJhaom taMumif;pHkudk ¤if;&[ef;ESpfyg;wdkYtm; &Sif;jyaomfvnf; xdk&[ef;wdkYrSm rlvutwkdif; rjzpfMuawmhay/ þtukokdvfuHaMumihf þ0#fa<u;udk cH&&Smavonf/ xdkrdef;rudk aumovrif;zrf;aomtcg aysmufoGm;ojzihf t&dyfjzpfrSef;od&\/ aumovrif;onf xdk&[ef;udk qGrf;jzihf zdwfí jyKpk&mrS xdk'ku©Nidrf;NyD; &[ef;\ pdwfvnf; wnfwHhoGm;um 0dyóem bm0emyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfí &[EÅmjzpfoGm;av\/ &S i f O ygvd qwå m onf b 0a&muf & aom 0#f a <u; t&S i f j rwf o nf twd w f b 0u tÍÆ o rnf a om rif ; \ om;awmfjzpfcJh\/ ¤if;rif;om;onf oD&durnfaom qifawmfudkpD;í O,smOfoo Ykd mG ;aomtcg a'0vrnfawmfral om yapöuAk'g¨ udak wGUav\ rif;om;tm; t½dktaoray;aomaMumihf xdkt&SifyapöuAk'¨g tm; trsux f u G u f m qifEiS w fh u kd af v\/ qifawmfonf rif;om;apcdik ;f onfhtwdkif; yapöuAk'¨gtm; reif;rowfyJ &yfwHhíae\/ xdktcg rif;om;onf ydkítrsufxGufNyD; t&SifyapöuAk'¨gudk trsKd;rsKd; n§Of;qJ pmrsuf E S m 27 ok d Y
DHAMMA TALKS
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"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/
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taejzifh yg;pyfu ]]"r®}} twGuf[kqdkNyD; vufu ]]twå}}twGuf vkyfMuav\? odkY&m wGif xko d abmudMk unfw h wforl sm;u jrifyg \/ em;axmif w wf o l r sm;u Mum;\/ qif j cif ÓPf&dSolrsm;u od\/ xdkYaMumifh b0\tusKd;ay;rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í avhvm&mwGif ]tukodkvfvkyfief; jzifh csrf;omMu\} [lí qdkonfrSmvnf; rSef yg\/ ]rif;pnf;pdrfudk &onftxdyif csrf;om Mu\} [lí qkdonfrSmvnf; rSefyg\/ odkY&m wGif xkduJhodkYaom csrf;omjcif;rsKd;um; ukodkvf uHu Oyedó,ypön;f jzifh axmufyv hH u kd af om tukov kd v f yk if ef;aMumifh tusK;d ay;jcif;jzpf\/ xkduHrsKd;om r&dSygu tukodkvfkvkyfief;jzifh csrf ; omjcif ; [l í r&d S E k d i f y gacs/ tu,f í ukov kd u f \ H Oyedó,ypön;f aMumift h ukov kd f vkyfief;jzifh csrf;omonfqdkapOD; xdkcsrf;om onf tZmwowfrif;\ csrf;omrsKd;om jzpf \/ oH o &mü bmrQtm;ud k ; avmuf a om csrf;omr[kwf/ xkdYtjyif ]½dk;½dk;om;om;ESifh BudK;BudK; pm;pm;vkyfygvsuf jypfwifarmif;rJjcif;udk cH& wwfMu\} [lí qdkonfrSmvnf; rSefyg\/ odkY&mwGif xdkuJhodkYjypfwifarmif;rJjcifudk cH& jcif;onfvnf; tukodkvfuHu Oyedó, ypö n f ; jzif h axmuf y H h v k d u f a om uk o d k v f u H aMumifhom jzpfyg\/ ukodkvfuHoufouf aMumifhr[kwf/ xkdESpfrsKd;wGif tukodkvfuHu vrf; zGiahf y;\/ ukov kd u f u H wdu k ½f u kd t f usK;d ay;\/
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xd k t cg csrf ; om\/ þonf u wpf r sKd ; / ukodkvfuHu vrf;zGifhay;\/ tukodkvfuHu wdkuf½dkuftusKd;ay;\/ xdktcg jypfwifarmif; rJjcif;udk cH&\/ þonfu wpfrsKd;/ odkY&mwGif vrf;zGifhay;cJhaom tukodkvfuHESifhukodkvfuH rsm;uvnf; wkduf½dkuftusKd;rsm;udk ay;OD;rnf jzpf\/ avmavmq,f 'd|"r®tusKd;taejzifh aumufuspfpOf;vJolrsm;udk p½dkufwl 0goem wlr[kwfaom avmuvltaygif;u &GH&Sm\/ pufqkyf\/ ½dk;½dk;om;om;ESifh BudK;BudK;pm;pm; vkyfolrsm;udk vlipOf;vJrsm;rSwpfyg; usefaom avmuvltaygif;u jrwfEkd;\/ av;pm;\/ od&Yk mwGif vlipOf;vJrsm;url wH;k onf?f tç onf? zsif ; onf [l í awmh qd k M uayvd r f h r nf / xk d o d k Y q k d j cif ; onf v nf ; tuk o d k v f u H \ wdkuf½dkuftusKd;ay;rIrsm;yif jzpf\/ þavmuü 0rf ; a&;onf ta&; BuD;yg\/ xkdodkYyif ta&;BuD;aomfvnf; or®m 'd|dtjrift& oHo&moufwrf;udk tav;rlí oD v apmif h r S tl r awmif h o nf [l a om ,HkMunfcsufjzifh b0\tusKd;ay;rsm;udk &Sm&m ü r*¾if&Spfyg;wGif ta&;tBuD;qHk;jzpfaom or®mtmZD0r*¾ifudk vdkufemusifhoHk;í &Smtyf aMumif; em;vnftyfyg\/ rdpäm'd|dtjrift& vl Y b 0\cPwmouf w rf ; ud k tav;rl í ]]tl r awmif h r S oD v apmif h o nf } } [l a om ,HkMunfcsufjzifh rdpämtmZD0r*¾ifudk vkdufem usifhoHk;í b0\tusKd;ay;rsm;udk r&Smtyf aMumif;udkvnf; em;vnftyfyg\/ OD ; a&T a tmif
jyif? enf;enf;csi;f ESYJ 'Dvo kd mG ;w,f/ 'Db0ESx YJ m;&if aemufb0 vG,v f , G f av;eJjY zpfrmS yg/ 'Db0awmif rESb YJ ;l qd&k if aemifb0 ESzYJ q Ykd w kd m r&Sb d ;l aemf/ wcsKd Uu ]wdu Yk yg&rDrygvd}Yk qdNk y;D awmh 'Dur®|mef;tvkyu f kd vkycf siw f phJ w d f r&Sdbl;/ wdkYeJY ÓPfrrSDbl;ç yg&rDrjynhfao;bl; aemufyg&rDjynhfrSvkyfr,f vdkY qdkw,f/ yg&rDu b,fawmhrS jynhfvmrSmr[kwfbl;aemf/ 'Db0vkyf vkdufwmu yg&rDvrf;aMumif;ay: a&mufvmwmvdkYyJ ajym&r,f/ 'Db0 eJeJav; vkyfxm;vdkY&Sd&if aemufb0 rsm;rsm;BuD;&r,f? tajccHaumif; awG&r,f/
A TRAVEL DIARY OF THE WESTBOUND "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS
odMum;ñTefjytaomuapwDXmeDyemykH ausmuúma&T*lemapwDawmf xdkc&D;pcef;um; ta&SUzufü a&a0awmifwef;? awmifzufü ausmuúmawmifwef;? a&Tjrifwifawmifwef;? ajrmufzufü (a&S;acwfNrdKU a[mif;) ompnfawmifwef;BuD;rsm;ESifh tifwdkif;awmBuD;rsm;ESihf 0ef;&H xm;aom ta&SUrStaemufc&D; wmoH;k aomif;cGJ (rdik f 70)? awmifraS jrmuf c&D; (15) rdkifus,f0ef;aomopfawmtkyfBuD;\ taemufzuft0if0ü wnf&Sdygonf/ a&S ; acwf c &D ; axmuf p cef ; a&S;acwftcgu y'HNk rKd Ue,frS ppfuikd ;f od?Yk ppfuikd ;f rS y'Hek ,fzuf odkY oGm;vmMuukefaom vSnf;ukefonfwdkYonfvnf;aumif;? jrif;pD;c&D; onf? qifp;D c&D;onfwo Ykd nfvnf;aumif;? xdpk cef;ü &yfem;wnf;cdMk u& onf/ xdpk cef;ESihf ppfuikd ;f NrKd UtMum;wGif opfawm? 0g;awm? csKH awm Bu;D rsm; odyo f nf;pGm tkyq f ikd ;f aeonfjzpfaomaMumihf qifaeusm;atmif; awmBuD;jzpfcJhonf/ vSnf;aygif;ESpfq,f? oHk;q,f ponftkyfpkzGJUí xdkawmBuD;udk jzwfMu&onf/ vSnf;tenf;tusOf;jzihfoGm;vmMuygu usm;&Jab;? qiftkyfab;wdkYESihf ruif;Muay/ ausmuú m ;vS n f ; pcef ; BuD ; a&T*leDbk&m;rwnfrDu xdkpcef;udk ausmuúm&GmBuD;\teD;ü wnf&SdaomaMumihf ausmuúmvSnf;pcef;[k ac:wGifonf/ xdkc&D;vrf;ü jzwfoef;oGm;vmMuaom c&D;onfwdkYonf ausmuúm&Gme,ftkyfrif;\ tultnDudk,lí awmxJodkY ul;jzwfMu&onf/ yk*Hacwf? tif;0acwf rsm;u ausmuúme,ftkyft&m&Sdudk ausmuúmrif;[kac:qdkcJhMuonf/ a&T*el b D &k m;udk bk&ifrif;rsm; rwnfxm;rDu ausmuúmrif;wpfO;D u pwif wnfcJhaMumif;jzihf a&T*leDbk&m;BuD;twGif;&Sd ausmufpmwGif a&;xdk;xm; onf/ aomuf o H k ; a&vd I i f a om ausmuú m a&T * l e D p cef ; BuD ; a&T*leDapwDawmfudk jrefrmouú&mZf 1000 jynfhESpf omvGef rif;vufxufü wnfxm;ud;k uG,af omtcg xdck &D;pcef;udk ausmuúma&T *leDc&D;pcef;[k ac:wGifvmMuonf/ ausmuúma&T*leDc&D;pcef;onf opfyift&dyftm0goaumif;í at;csrf;om,monf/ prf;a&xGufaom oJjzLacsmif;½d;k ESihf xef;Zvkwrf S pD;qif;aom ,rm;acsmif;ESihf tvSr;f ruGm aomaMumifh aomufa&oHk;a& tqifajyonf/ xdkausmuúma&T*leDpcef;BuD;ü c&D;wpfaxmufem;í pcef;cs
17
cdek m;cJMh uaom a&S;jrefrmBu;D wdo Yk nf tqdyk g a&T*el aD pwDawmfukd zl;ajrmf ylaZmfMu&ojzihf c&D;oGm; cdkem;aeMu&if; ukodkvf&&SdMuygonf/ xl ; jcm;aom a&S ; a[mif ; apwD a wmf B uD ; þausmuúma&T*leDapwDawmfonf aumZmouú&mZf 1000 jynhfESpfü NyD;pD;atmifjrif xD;awmfwifvSLcJhaom omvGefrif;vufxuf apwDawmfwpfqljzpfonf/ ouú&mZf (998) ckESpfü 'kwd,tif;0rif; quf omvGerf if;w&m;vufxufwiG f ¤if;ausmuúm&Gmü EGm;ausmif;om; armifqkatmifqdkolonf xl;qef;pGm odMum;rif;EIwfpD;yl;uyfí tHhzG,f pum;rsm;udk ajymMum;&if;? a&S;tcgu oD&"d r®maomurif;Bu;D wnfxm; cJhaom ausmuúm&Gm taomuapwDawmfudk ñTefjyonf[kqdkavonf/ xdkapwDawmfudk ajrtwGif;rS wl;azmfNyD;aemuf þausmuúma&T*leDapwD udk wnfxm;cJo h nf[k orkid ;f wGiaf zmfjyonf/ þodYk odMum;rif;ñTejf ytyf aom apwDonf bk&m;orkdif; tqlqlwdkYü þwpfqlwnf;udkom awGU&Sd &onfjzpfí xl;jcm;aom wdkif;odjynfausmf a&S;a[mif;orkdif;0ifapwD awmftjzpf xif&Sm;aejcif;jzpfygonf/ a&S ; acwf u vS n f ; pcef ; *k P f t *F g (10) yg; qm,l ' aum wd P uú a |m? om&au© m p ta"m&aum? trEk ó 0gVrd * ? o&D o ay[d rk w å a um/ ouk P ,l x m o,aem? tyuF Z v u@aum? r*¾ g oaEé m t,H a 'aom? omu#d a u[d ao0d a wm/ (1) t&dyf? a&jynhfpHkjcif;/ (2) jruf? xif;? &vG,fjcif;/ (3) e,fyikd t f yk cf sKyo f w l \ Ykd tultnDtapmift h a&Smuf&jcif;/ (4) cdk;om;? "m;jy ab;uif;jcif;/ (5) bDvl;? wapä? o&J? ewfMurf;ab;r&Sdjcif;/ (6) usm;? qifpaom om;&Jwd&pämefwdkY\ ab;uif;jcif;/ (7) rSwf? jcif? a>r? uif;? ydk;rTm;wd&pämefab;uif;jcif;/ (8) iSufacs;? tnpftaMu;teHYwdkYrS uif;í? iSuftaygif; tdyfwef;rwufaomae&mjzpfjcif;/ (9) ñGefAGuf? a&AGuf? ql;ajimifhuif;jcif;/ (10) vSnf;vrf;c&D;ESifh eD;jcif;/ þonhf vSnf;pcef; *kPft*Fg (10) yg;wdkYESihf jynhfpHkaom ae&mudk vSnf;ukefonfwdkYonf ntdyfwnf;ckdrSD0JMuavonf/ ausmuú m a&T * l e D i g;&uf a ps;yG J a wmf ausmuúma&T*leDapwDawmfudk ouú&mZf 999 ckESpf? omvGef rif;w&m;vufxufawmfüwnfí? 1000 jynhfESpf uqkefvjynfhausmf 5 &ufaeYwGif xD;awmfwifonf/ 1001 ckESpfrS pí uqkefvjynhfausmf 5 &ufaeYwdkif; bk&m;yGJawmfusif;yonf/ te,fe,ft&yf&yfwdkYrS bk&m;zl;rsm;? aps;a&mif;? aps;0,frsm; jzihf &[ef;&Sifvl BudwfBudwfwdk;pnfum;vSaom bk&m;yGJawmfBuD;wpfck jzpfonf/ a&T*leDapwDawmfjrwfBuD;onf a&TouFef;a&mifjzihf xGef;vif; awmufajymifvsuf? a&T*leD½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;rSmvnf; a&TwHk;a&TcJBuD;tjzpf odkY a&muf&Sdawmfrlvsuf trsm;jynfolwdkY\ tylaZmfudk cH,lawmfrlvsuf &Sdygonf/
A TRAVEL DIARY OF THE WESTBOUND
18
"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/
rk H & G m wcG i f a &S ; a[mif ; apwD y k x k d ; rsm;ok d Y yk d Y a qmif a y;Muaom "r® c spf a qG a':eD e D 0 if ; ES i f h a':wif w if 0 if ; Ed k i f i H a wmf a *Zuf 0 if b k & m;yG J a wmf bk&m;zl;y&dowftvGefrS rsm;jym;vSonfjzpfí bk&m;yGJawmf usif;y&ufudk aemufxyfoHk;&ufwdk;í uqkefvjynhfausmf 1 &ufaeYrS 8 &ufaeYtxd ]]ausmuúma&T*leDbk&m;yGJawmf}} a*Zuf0ifjrwfpGmbk&m; yGJawmftjzpf EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u owfrSwfay;cJhygonf/ a&T*el D apwDawmfBu;D onf odMum;rif; ñTejf yaom a&S;a[mif; taomu apwDawmfudk tajcwnfí ay:aygufawmfrlvmcJh&aom aMumih?f apwDawmf yEéut f w k jf rpfrcsru D yif tif;0aejynfawmf omvGef rif;w&m; a&Tem;awmfaygufausmMf um;oGm;onffh apwDawmfBu;D jzpfonf/ a&T * l e D a pwD a wmf tk w f j rpf c scsd e f r S p í apwD a wmf o nf bkef;wefcdk;wdk;í txl;yifausmfMum;cJhayonf/ odMum;rif;ñTefjyaom taomuapwDudk XmyemiHkwnfaom a&T*leDapwD[kvnf;aumif;? ausmuúmvSnf;pcef; qkawmif;jynhf wefcdk;BuD;apwD[kvnf;aumif; wkdif;odjynfausmf xif&Sm;awmfrlcJhavonf/ oD & d " r® m aomurif ; ES i h f taomuapwD a wmf r sm; omoemawmf ouú&mZf 214 ckESpfodkY a&mufaomtcg oD&d "r®maomurif;BuD;onf tdE´d,EdkifiHü {u&mZfrif;tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sd onf/ edaj*m"omraPudt k rSjD yKí Ak'b ¨ mom0ifjzpfum? omoem 222 ckESpfü Ak'¨jrwfpGma[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom "r®cE¨maygif; &Spfaomif;av; axmifudk &nfpl;í tdE´d,EdkifiHESihfwuG? urÇmtESHY a&wGif;aygif; &Spaf omif;av;axmif? ausmif;aygif; &Spaf omif;av;axmif? apwDaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmifwdkYudk wnfxm;ylaZmf vSL'gef;awmfrlcJh\/ ausmuf o H N rd K UtaomuapwD a wmf oD&"d r®maomurif;Bu;D &Spaf omif;av;axmifaom apwDawmf rsm;udk wnfaomtcgum; oa&acwå&mrif;rsm; pdk;pHcsdefjzpfonf/ xdktcsdeftcgu ,ckausmuúmajrmuf&Gm\ taemufzufajrjyefYt&yf ü ]]ausmufoHNrdKU}} [k xif&Sm;pGm&SdcJhonf/ xdkausmufoHNrdKUonf {&m0wDESifh ov’m0wDjrpfBuD;wdkYtMum; NrdKU&Gmrsm;pGmwdkY\ ta&SUtaemuf ul;oef;oGm;vm&m vrf;rBuD;\c&D; pcef;NrdKUjzpfí xdkacwftcgu pnfum;í xif&Sm;aomNrdKUjzpfygonf/ xdkausmufoHNrdKU\ ta&SUzuf oJjzLacsmif;teD;ü taomuapwDawmf ESifh taomuausmif;awmfBu;D vnf; xif&mS ;pGm&Scd yhJ gonf/ xdt k aomu apwDawmfonfum; ausmuúma&T*el aD pwDawmfBu;D \ rlvapwDawmfjzpf ygonf/ taomurif ; quf E S i f h uk o d k v f a wmf r sm;ysuf p D ; jcif ;
omoem 360 ckESpfwGif taomutEG,f arm&d,rif;quf ysufokOf;í? ¤if;\ ukodkvfawmfrsm;jzpfaom bk&m;apwDawmfrsm;? ausmif;awmfBuD;rsm;teufrS tcsdKUvnf; NydKysuf&aomb0odkY a&muf&Sd awmfrMl u&onf/ xdt k csed o f nfum; oa&acwå&mjynf (omoem 324362) cHavmif;rif; pdk;pHcsdefjzpfonf/ ausmuf o H N rd K Uvnf ; ysuf p D ; oG m ;&jcif ; tvm;wlpGm ausmufoHNrdKUonfvnf; aejynfawmf oa& acwå&mESihftwlvdkyif oa&acwå&mrif;quf (25) quf? yk*Hrif;quf (42) qufajrmuf pkuaú w;rif;wdt Yk Mum;umvtwGi;f wdr;f yg;ysupf ;D í? upihfuvsm;jzpfcJh&avonf/ taomuapwDawmfonfvnf; oJjzL acsmif; urf;NydKzHk;vTrf;í opfyifcsHKykayÜgif;rsm; zHk;vTrf;xm;aom zkef;qdk; awmifukef;tjzpf usef&pfcJhavonf/ ausmuú m &G m wnf a xmif j cif ; þuJo h Ykd ausmufoNH rKd UBu;D ysupf ;D cJNh y;D onhaf emuf? NrKd UolNrKd Uom; tcsdKUwdkYonf rlvausmufoHNrdKU\ ta&SUajrmuft&yfü &Gmwnfaxmif Muavonf/ xdk&Gmonf awmifukef;awmifwef;rsm; 0ef;&Hwnf&Sd\/ twGi;f ü ausmufwidk af usmufjym;Bu;D rsm;udk pdu k af xmifí &Gmwyfpnf;½d;k tjzpf um&Hxm;Mu\/ xdaYk Mumifh ¤if;wdt Yk opfwnfaom&Gmudk ausmuúm &Gm[k ac:wGifMuavonf/ ausmuúm&Gm (,ck ausmuúmajrmuf&Gm\ rlv&Gm) onf oa& acwå&macwfavmufu pwifwnfaxmifcJhaom &Gm[kqdkMuonf/ xdkpOfu ausmuúm&Gmi,frQomjzpfonf/ jrefrmhorkdif;pOfü NrdKUBuD;rsm; ysufpD;jcif;? topfwnfaxmifMujcif;wdkYudk awGU&aomfvnf; aus;vuf &Gmi,frsm; ysufpD;jcif;udk rawGU&oavmufjzpfonf/ ppf r uf u if ; &m ausmuú m &G m xdkuJhodkY aus;vuf&Gmi,frsm;onf &mZ0if (ordkif;) rif;quf rsm;? acwfumvrsm; rnfodkYyifajymif;vJaeMuaomfvnf; ppfrufuif; vGw&f mjzpfygu ,if;&Gmi,frsm;onf at;csr;f om,mwnf&EdS ikd Mf uonf/ xdaYk Mumifh ppfrufwEYkd iS u hf if;a0;&m ausmuúm&Gmonfvnf; acwftquf quf tpOfrysufwnf&SdEdkifcJhayonf/ taemf & xmrif ; vuf x uf ü &G m BuD ; jzpf v mjcif ; omoemawmfEpS f 1546 ck? ykymÜ ;apm&[ef;rif;NzKd <uif;ouú&mZf 364 ckEpS o f aYkd &mufaomtcg yk*rH if;quf (43) qufajrmuf taemf&xm rif; eef;wuf\/ xdrk if;onf jrefrmEdik if aH wmft0ef; Ak'o ¨ moemawmfukd xGef;um;apNyD; NrdKUjyaus;&GmwdkYudkvnf; topfzGJUpnf;wnfaxmifí tkyfcsKyfawmfrlonf/ ausmuúm&Gmi,fonf {&m0wDESihf ov’m0wDjrpfwdkYtMum; NrdKU&Gmtrsm;\ ul;oef;oGm;vm&mvrf;r\ c&D;pcef;cs&mXmejzpfaom aMumifh? rlvausmuúm&Gmi,fudk eD;pyf&m&Gmrsm;ESihfaygif;pyfí &GmBuD; tjzpf wnfaxmifum ywf0ef;usif&GmtkyfpkwdkY\ y"metcsuftcsm &GmBuD;tjzpf owfrSwfavonf/ ausmuúm&Gmtkyfpk\ tBuD;tuJt&m&Sdudkvnf; ausmuúm&Gm wGif xm;&Sd½kH;pdkufaponf/ xdkt&m&Sdudk ausmuúmrif;[k ac:a0:oHk;EIef; xm;onfudk ausmuúma&T*leDbk&m;ausmufpmü awGU&Sdonf/ ausmuúm onf oa&acwå&macwfaemufydkif;ü tnMw&Gmi,ftjzpf wnf&SdcJh aomfvnf; yk*t H aemf&xmrif;vufxufwiG f xif&mS ;aom&GmBu;D jzpfvm cJhavonf/ ausmuú m a&T * l b k & m; omoemESpf 1944? aumZm 762 ckESpfü yxr tif;0rif;
A TRAVEL DIARY OF THE WESTBOUND "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ qufav;qufajrmufb&k if rif;acgifBu;D eef;wufonf/ xdrk if;vufxuf üvnf; ausmuúm&Gmudk a&S;uuJhodkY ausmuúm&Gmtkyfpkrsm;\ tcsuft csm y"me&Gmtjzpf owfrSwfonf/ tkyfcsKyfol ausmuúmrif;udkvnf; xm;&Sdonf/ xdktcsdefwGif ausmuúmrif;onf oD&d"r®mrif;BuD;wnfcJhaom taomuukef;udk &Sif;vif;í ukvm;ausmif;wkdufcH w0vdkPf*ljzihf bk&m;apwDwnfavonf/ xdb k &k m;udk a&T*b l &k m;[kbUJG awmfcsaD vonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí ausmuúma&T*lbk&m;onfvnf; yGifhvif;xif&Sm;cJhav\/ ausmuúm&Gmonf ajrmufzuf 'DyJ&if;e,f? ta&SUbuf a&a0 awmifwef;e,f? EG,facGawmifwef;e,fy,fwdkYrSvmaom vrf;rsm;\ pcef;cs&m&GmBuD;jzpfaomaMumihf a&T*lbk&m;onf ydkíxif&Sm;vonf/ vSnf;? qif? jrif;wdkY pcef;axmufem;&m bk&m;jzpfívnf; ydkí zl;ajrmf MunfndKolwdkY rsm;jym;vmonf/ *i,f o H k ; ck ok o Qpf x k o nh f u mv xdka&T*lbk&m;wnfxm;NyD;onhfaemuf ESpfaygif; 132 ESpfrQ Mumaomtcg omoem 2070? aumZm 888 ckESpfwGif tif;0ü odk[ef bGm; rif;jyK\/ xdkrif;vufxufü NrdKUjyjynf&Gmtrsm;ysufpD;í omoem n§dK;rSdefaMumif; orkdif;ü jyqdkavonf/ NrdKU&Gmrsm;tajymif;ta&TU tvGef rsm;Mu\/ ausmuú&GmBuD;rSvnf; tjcm;t&yfa'orsm;odkY ajymif;a&TUMu ojzihf tdrfajctenf;i,fomusef&Sd\/ ausmuúma&T*lapwDawmfvnf; tapmih f t a&S m uf u if ; rJ h v mojzih f anmif e yJ p aom opf y if r sm; aygufa&mufzsufqD;í t*Fawrsm; uGJtufNydKuscJh&av\/ aumZm 955 ckESpfwGif yxrtif;0rif;quf 20 jywfpJí tif;0jynfBu;D ysupf ;D oGm;avonf/ xdt k csed üf ausmuúma&T*al pwD tNyKd tysuo f nfvnf; opfyifNcKH E, G yf w d af ygif;rsm; zH;k vGr;f aom zke;f qd;k awmif ukef;tjzpfodkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdcJh&avonf/ omvG e f r if ; w&m;BuD ; vuf x uf a wmf yxrtif;0rif;qufjywfNy;D aemuf aumZm 991 ckEpS üf 'kw, d tif;0rif;quf pwkwa¬ jrmuf omvGerf if;w&m;rif;tjzpfoYkd a&mufonf/ xdt k cdseüf omvGerf if;w&m;onf oufawmf 45 ESpo f m&Sad o;\/ taom urif;uJo h Ykd eef;&Ny;D 4 ESpv f eG rf S tbdou d cf , H o l nf/ [Hom0wDrS tif;0 odkY ajymif;a&TUí eef;opfwnfonf/ ouú&mZf 998 ckESpfwGif ppfudkif; NrKd U &mZrPdpVl maumif;rIawmfapwDawmfBu;D udk wnfxm;ud;k uG,o f nf/ xdrk if;vufxufü Ekid if t H 0ef; vGepf mG Nird ;f csr;f om,m pnfyif0ajymonf/ xdkYaMumihfvnf; omvGefrif;[kwGifavonf/ EG m ;ausmif ; om; ausmuú m armif q k a tmif ouú&mZf 998 ckESpfwGif ausmuúm&Gmü EGm;ausmif;om; armifqkatmifonf xl;qef;pGm odMum;rif;yl;uyfí tHhzG,fpum;rsm; ajymqdkaeojzihf ausmuúme,fomru bk&ihfa&Tem;awmfaygufatmif ausmfMum;oGm;avonf/ armifqkatmifonf odMum;rif;\ EdI;aqmfcsufjzihf ,cka&T*leD apwDawmfwnf&Sd&m t&yfodkYoGm;í ausmuúm&Gmq&mawmfESihf &yf&Gm vlBuD;rsm;tm; þawmNcHKtwGif;ü a&S;u oD&d"r®maomurif;wnfxm; cJhaom apwDwpfql&SdaMumif;ajymMum;avonf/ xdkodkY ajymjycsuft& tqdkyg bk&m;ikwfwdkukef;udk ckwfxGif &SmazGMu&m 0gzwfaom jcif;t&G,fyrmP&Sd ausmufoHNrdKUa[mif; rlv taomuapwDi,fudk awGU&SdMu&aomaMumihf q&mawmfrsm;ESihfwuG ausmuúm&Gmom;taygif;wdkYu 0rf;ajrmuftm;&&SdMuavonf/
19
ausmuú m a&T * l e D a pwD a wmf w nf x m;ud k ; uG , f j cif ; ausmuúm&Gm bkef;awmfBuD;t&SifÓPrÍÆL trSL;jyKaom q&m awmfoHCmawmfrsm;ESihf &yf&Gm vltrsm;wdkYonf aumZmouú&mZf 999 ckESpf aZ|ESpfOD;tcsdefü rlvtaomuapwDawmfi,fudk |myemí tkwf 5 zdkjzihf a&T*leDapwDawmfudk wnfxm;udk;uG,fMuonf/ ausmuú m a&T * l e D a pwD a wmf w nf [ ef oP² m ef (1) apwDawmfudk av;ql"mwfyHka&Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD;yHkpHudkjyKí wnfaqmufonf/ (2) ajrmufzufodkY vdkPfrkcfrsufESmrlí a&T*leD½kyfyGm;awmfxm;&Sd onf/ (3) vdkPfrkcfESpfqihfxyfí yg&Sdonf/ xD ; awmf y H k o P² m ef apwDawmfrsm; wnfMu&mwGif xD;? jyóm'f? pyg;yHk[laom yHkpHyHkoP²mefoHk;rsKd;&Sdonf/ a&T*leDapwDawmfrSm xD;awmfyHkjzpfonf/ ypö,m twGefYwdkYum; xD;jzLudk arSmufí csxm;aom yHk[efoP²mefjzpf onf/ vd k P f * l a wmf a jrmuf t &yf o d k Y rl j cif ; vdkPf*lawmfudk ajrmufzuft&yfodkY rsufESmrlxm;&jcif;rSm atmufazmfjyyg taMumif;&yfrsm;aMumihfjzpfonf/ (u) aZw0efausmif;awmfuJhokdY twk,ljyKvkyfxm;jcif;/ aZw0efausmif;BuD;'g,um temxydPfolaX;onf om0wd¬ NrdKUüae\/ rdrd\ ukodkvfawmf aZw0efausmif;onf NrdKUawmifzufü wnf&o dS nf/ om0wdj¬ ynfow l Ykd bk&m;zl; w&m;em tvSL'gejyK&ef twGuf oGm;Mu&mwGif t0iftxGuftqifwajy&SdMuap&ef t0iftxGuf tqif a jyí om0wd ¬ N rd K Uzuf o d k Y v S n h f u m aZw0ef a usmif ; wH c g; rkcfjyóm'fudk ajrmufzufodkY rsufESmvSnhfí wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtwl a&T*leDapwDawmfodkY tzl;tarQmfoGm;a&mufMuaom bk&m;'um 'umr ausmuúm&Gmol &Gmom;wdv Yk nf; t0iftxGuf tqif ajyap&ef rdrdwdkYausmuúm&Gm&Sd&m ajrmuft&yfzufodkY vdkPfrkcf0vSnhf í xm;&Sdjcif;jzpfonfu wpfcsuf/ (c) ]av;uRef;\ajrmufjrihfrkd&fa&muf} [kqdk½dk;&SdaomaMumihf þZrÁL'DyguRef;\ ajrmuft&yfü jrifhrdk&fawmifESihf uRef;OD;oajyyif &Sd&m ajrmuf t &yf u m; uRef ; OD ; t&yf j zpf o nf / ,if ; ajrmuf t &yf o nf av;uRef;\ acgif;&if; tOD;tjrwf jzpfaomaMumihf a&T*leDapwDawmf\ vdkPfrkcfawmfudk ajrmufrsufESmzufodkY rsufESmrlxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ þonfvnf; taMumif;wpfcsuf/ (*) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlaomtcg ukodem½Hktif Muif;yif pHkwdkY\ tMum; &wemanmifapmif;xufü vufsmeHawmif;jzihf avsmif;awmfrlí ajrmuft&yfodkY OD;acgif;jyKum y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlonf/ xdkYaMumihf a&T*leDapwDawmf\ vdkPfrkcfawmfudk ajrmuft&yfodkY rsufESm rlxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ vd k P f r k c f E S p f q ih f x m;&S d j cif ; ,if;apwDü vdP k rf ck Ef pS q f ihx f m;&Sjd cif;rSm atmufvP kd *f al wmf um; ½kyyf mG ;awmfjrwf ude;f 0yfpyH ,f&efjzpfonf/ txufvP dk *f al wmfum; txufXmyemwdkufü&Sdaom jrwfpGmbk&m;"mwfawmfarGawmfwdkYudk yef;? qDrD;ponf ylaZmfvSL'gef;Edkif&eftwGufjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf vkdPfrkcf ESpfqihfxm;&Sdjcif;jzpfonf[kqdkonf/ pmrsuf E S m 28 ok d Y
THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI
20
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NIYAMA DIPANI OR MANUA by
Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, Ag TRANSLATED From the Pa-l.i, By Revised and Edited by Mrs. C.A.F The Residuum Translated by VEN (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) &m[kt&yfrS BuD;pGmvmaom avrkefwkdif;BuD;rSm wnfaerI wpfcu k kd awGUatmif&mS ír&? jrpfa&t,Ofuo hJ Ykd av,OfjyefyY mG ;vIy&f mS ;rI udkom r[myx0DajrBuD;ç jrihfrdk&fawmifBuD;wdkYü&Sdaom wpfckaom ½kyfonfyifvQif rcsKyfrysufbJ wpfXmerS wpfXmeodkY wpfumvrS wpfumvodYk ajymif;a&TUonfr&Sad cs/ yk*Kd¾ vo f wå0gwdYk oEÅmefrmS þb0ü &Sdaom emrfw&m;wdkYonfrlum; þb0wGif rcsKyfrysufMuukefrlí aemufb0odkY ajymif;a&GUEdkifMu&ef tb,frSm &SdacswHktHhenf;/ jyqdck NhJ y;D awmh oJvrf;Bu;D Oyrmü oJv;kH wd\ Yk tpDtpOftm;jzihf omvQif ]]onfvrf;rBuD;onf onfae&mrS [dkae&modkYa&mufonf? onf&GmrS [dk&GmodkY a&mufonf}} -[lívnf;aumif;? jrpfa&Oyrmü a&rIefY ½kyfpkwdkY\ tpOfjzihfomvQif ]]þjrpfa&onf [dr0EÅmrSpí yif v ,f o d k Y usatmif pD ; vmonf } } -[l í vnf ; aumif ; ? avrk e f w k d i f ; Oyrmü avrI e f Y ½k y f p k w d k Y \ tpOf t m;jzih f o mvQif ]]avrkew f ikd ;f Bu;D onf þ&GmrS xd&k mG odYk a&mufonf}} [lívnf;aumif; ajymqdkMuukefouJhodkY owå0gwdkY\ oEÅmefrSmvnf; topfta[mif; tajymif;tvJ rpJrjywf ½kyf"mwfç emrf "mwfç 0dnmPf"mwfwdkY\ tpOftm;jzihfomvQif ]]þae&mrS xdkae&mç þcPrS xdkcPç þb0rS xdkb0 ajymif;a&GUMuukefonf}} -[k ajymqdk Mu&ukef\/ þum; tbd"r®mynm&Sd\ ÓPftvif;BuD;aywnf;/ ½ky"f mwfç emrf"mwfç 0dnmPf"mwfw\ Ykd tpOftm;jziho f mvQif ]]þb0rScsKyfí xkdb0rS topfay:onf-}} qdkcJhaomf vlYjynfrS pkawí vlYjynfüjzpfaom olç vlYjynfrS pkawí txufewfjynfç jA[®mhjynfwdkYü jzpfaomolç vlYjynfrSpkawí atmufi&JbHkwdkYü jzpfaomolç þolwdkY onf þvlYjynfü wpfNydKifeuf pkawMuukefaomf vlYjynfç ewfjynfç jA[®mjynfç i&JjynfwdkYü wpfNydKifeuf a&mufEdkifMuukefoavm/ tumç tqD;ç teD;ta0;tavsmuf a&SUaemuf jcm;em;jcif;&SdMuukefoavm/ jcm;em;jcif; r&SdMuukef/ wpfNydKifeuf a&mufEdkifMuukefonf/ tumç tqD ; &S d c J h v Qif azmuf x G u f í roG m ;Ed k i f ç rvmEd k i f ç eD ; vQif t&ifa&mufonfç a0;vQif aemufrSa&mufonf[laom jcm;em;rIonf ½k y f w &m;üom&S d \ / emrf w &m;wd k Y ü r&S d ? ½k y f w &m;onf
(Continue from last week) The world is considered by us as a system or order in which everything happens according to the laws of causality. Because the great earth is being all the time heated, burnt, decayed, and matured by the twofold coexistent heat [I have elsewhere tendered it as cold-therm (s1ta-tejo) and hot-therm (un.hatejo)], it cannot overcome the six stages, i.e., birth, growth, development, continuum, decay, and death. So with the Mount Sineru, the circumjacent mountains, etc. Therefore in the Development Epoch, all the earth, mountains, etc, that come into being and appearance pass gradually from the beginning through the four stages., i.e, birth, growth development and continuum. that is to say, they rese, grow, develop and continue for a long time till at last they arrive at the stage of decay in which the influence of all the heat will over-rule all others. From that time onwards all the unessential things among them will at first be destroyed and the essential ones alone will remain. Then even the essentials will be consumed in the long run of process and only the more essential will remain. Thus continuing for an indefinite time, everything will at last arrive at the most extreme point of degree at which combusion may easily take place like gun powder, the munition of the king's army, which is apt to combust at the sudden contact with a spark of fire Then this Developed Epoch will be destroyed by the action of fire in the manner said in the Satta Su-riya Sattanta. There it is said; 'just as, bhikkhus there is no trace of ash nor of carbon pereptible, after the butter or the oil is burnt up, so also there, bhikkhus, will no trace of ash nor of carbon be discernible after the earth and Sineru, the king of mountains, have been burnt up. Thus, bhikkhus, all the conditions things are inconsistent and unstable. It is advisable, bhikkhus, to be disgusted with all the conditioned things, it is expedient to detach them, and it is suitable to break free of them. Here, who would know, who would believe that this great earth and Sineru, the king of mountains will be burnt up, will be destroyed, will relapse into void, except those who have realised Nibba-na?" It is said that the flames of the burning fire reach as far as the realms of Brahma-. This world-destriuctive fire burns up everthing that exists between the mas of water below and the first realm of jha-na above, without leaving a single atom of things
THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/
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uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf
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ANUAL OF COSMIC ORDER by
aw, Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt. l.i, By M. Barua. M.A., D. Litt, and C.A.F. Rhys Davids, M.A. D. Litt. by VEN. U Nya-na., Pathamagyaw. ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;aom w&m;rsdK;jzpfí tumç tqD;&SdvQif wkdufcdkufí aewwf\/ azmufxGif;í roGm;Edkifç tm½Hkudk ,lwwfaom w&m;rsdK; r[kw/f tm½Hu k kd vSr;f rlç ,lrrI &S?d ½kyt f pOf a&GU&Sm;í oGm;rIç vmrIom&S\ d / xdkYaMumihf eD;vQifeD;onhft avsmuf t&ifa&mufwwf\/ a0;vQif a0;onf t avsmuf aemuf r S a&muf w wf \ / wef c d k ; t&mrsd K ;uk d csefvSyfíqdkonf/ emrfw&m;onf tvGefodrfarGUaom w&m;rsdK;jzpfonfwpf aMumif; tm½HkudkodrIç ,lrI&SdonfwpfaMumif; odkYtwGufaMumifh tumç tqD; teD;ta0; jcm;em;jcif;r&Sd/ tm½HkjyKvdkvQif ,ckyif r[mt0Dpdi&J udk vSrf;,lorI tm½HkjyKEdkif\/ pkwdusí þb0 þoEÅmef ysufqHk;aom tcgüvnf; tm½HkjyKrItwkdif; ,ckyif t0Dpdi&JüjzpfEdkif\/ ,ckyif ewfjynfç jA[®mjynfü jzpfEdkif\/ emrfw&m;jzpf&mrSm ½kyfcE¨mvnf; ay:&awmhonf/ xdkxdkb0ü emrfcE¨mç ½kyfcE¨m qufvufcgay:cJhvQif or®Kwdopömenf;tm;jzihf ]]b,fvlonf ,ckaoí i&JjynfrSm jzpfav \/ ewfjynfrSm jzpfav\}}- [k ajymMuqdkMu&awmhonf/ þum; owå0gonf wpfb0rS wpfb0odYk ajymif;a&TUygoavm[laom ar;cGe;f ü tbd"r®m "mwfynmtvif;Bu;D udk jyqdck suw f nf;/ þtvif;Bu;D tvdrk mS yk*Kd¾ vçf owå0g[lí r&Sad omaMumihf r&So d nfukd t&Sv d yk í f ]]aemufb0odYk ajymif;a&TUonfç rajymif;onf}} -[k ajymqdkcGihf r&Sd[kajz\/ tbd"r®m "mwfynmtvif;rS uif;uGmMuukefaom arSmifwGif;om;wdkYonfrlum; yk*Kd¾ vrf &Sçd owå0gr&S[ d al om pum;udk rMum;vdMk uuke/f trSm;Bu;D xifMu ukef\/ aMumifawmifrSm;BuD; xifMuukef\/ a&SUü ynwfESifh y&rwfcGJ cef;rSm vmcJhaom oHoydwfOyrmudk þae&müaqmifí ajz&m\/ arSmifwGif;om;wdkYtvdk xdkoydwfü oHonfyifvQif oydwf? oydwfonfyifvQif oH/ oHESifhoydwfç oydwfESifhoH ruGJMu[k ajzqdkcJhNyD/ xdkolwdkYum; oydwfoP²mefESifh oHom;udk jcm;em;pGm jrifEkdif&ef ÓPf tvif;r&SdMuukefaomaMumihf oHom;udk oydwfoP²mef\ twåjyKí oHonfyifvQif oydwfç oydwfonfyifvQif oH? oHESihfoydwfç oydwfESihf oH ruGJMu[k ,lMuukefonf/ xdkolwdkYonf avmuü oydwf[laom pum;udk rMum;vdk &SdMuukefvwåHU/ trSm;BuD; xifMuukefvwåHU/ aMumif awmifrSm;BuD; xifMuukefvwåHU/ tvif;zufürlum; oHom;onfom trSe&f \ dS / oydwo f P²mef
behind. When the rock-earth (sela-pathavi-) is burnt up there in its place only reamain the caloric energies (utu-dha-tuyo) which will again become the germinal status of the rock-earth. Similarly when the dust-earth (painsu-pathav1-) is burnt up there also remain the caloric energies which will gain become the germinal status of the dust-earth. So the caloric energies which are the remaining dynamics of fire fill up the whole sphere. And the first itself is entirely exinguished away. It is the Enveloping Epoch. And the one that continues in and enveloping state as has been just explained, is call the Enveloped Epoch, the duration of each of these Epochs is equal to that of sixty four included Eras (antarakappa). What has been now said is the exposition of the twofold Enveloping Epochs. In the second epoch, these caloric energies are carried about by the excessively cold atmosphere and they remain in such condition as they have been, But when they arrive at the mature, proficient, and adaptable state for re-action, that is to say become hot, then they transform into rolling clouds laying in great heaps and volumes, After that they transform again into great eposh-reinstating rains and pour down all over the places where fire had burnt up in the Enveloping Epoch. The rain-drops coming into contact with very cool air, generally from into masses. And the water thus conglomerated slides into the infinite space as long as the air which is going to support the universe is not strong enough to do so. But as soon as the air below is capable to do so, it at once checks the fall of water and supports it. All the rain-water becomes implemental in the establishment of the new epoch. That is to say they form into constituents of the universe suah as rock, dust, water, etc. all these things occur according to the laws of caloric process (utu-niya-ma) and are not created by any World-Lord. During the establishment of the constituents of the universe, the natural phenomenal process (dha-mma-niya-ma) plays an important part By natural phenomenal process we mean the proportionate and disproportionate procedures (sama-dharana) and (visamadha-rana) of the elements of extension, etc. And again proportionate procedure should be understood as the natural process and disproportionate procedure as the unnatural processs. Hence when the natural process goes, on, the proportionate procedure takes place, and if the unnatural cause happens, the procedure becomes disproportional. Among the
THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIYA MA DIPANI
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"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/
BuD;onfum; trSef&Sdr[kwf/ pdwfxJwGifom xifjrif&aom oP²mef ynwfBuD;omwnf;/ xdkYaMumifh oHom;udk oydwfoP²mef\ trmcHç txnfcH twårjyKbJ wpfjcm;pDcGJvkdufaomf oydwfoP²mefonf r&Sd[l aom ta&twGuo f Ykd a&mufav\/ owå0gwd\ Yk oEÅmefü ½ky"f mwfom;ç emrf"mwfom;pkonf oHom;ESihfwl\/ yk*¾dKvfoP²mefç vloP²mefç ewfoP²mefç rdef;roP²mefç a,musfm;oP²mefç acgif;oP²mefç udk,f oP²mefpaom oP²mefBuD;i,fpkonf oydwfoP²mefESihfwl\/ qHyifwpfckü tzwfoabmonf ajr"mwfrnf\/ t&nf oabmonf a&"mwfrnf\/ ylrIç at;rIonf rD;"mwfrnf\/ yG&G&ef oabmonf av"mwfrnf\/ tqif;onf 0PÖrnf\/ teHYonf *E¨ "mwfrnf\/ &omonf t&om"mwfrnf\/ tqDrsdK;onf MoZm"mwf rnf\/ ½kyf"mwfom; tpkaywnf;/ vHk;vHk;&Snf&SnfoP²mefonf qHyif rnf\/ "mwfom;pkonf oHom;ESihfwl\/ qHyifoP²mefonf oydwf oP²mefESihfwl\/ qHyiftzwfoabmudk qHyif[kqdkcJhaomf ajr"mwfudk owå0g[k pGyfpGJjcif;jzpf\/ tzwfoabmum; ajr"mwfwnf;/ qHyif r[kwf[k qdkcJhaomf [kwfrSefaom tewåÓPfjzpf\/ þenf;twkdif; wpfudk,fvHk;ü twåç tewåcGJenf;udk &Sif;vif;pGm jrifMuav\/ arSmifwGif;om;wdkYrSm ½kyf"mwfç emrf"mwfwdkYudk owå0gwdkY\ twåç ig\ twå[k ,lMuvsuf&SdaomaMumihf ]]þb0½kyfç emrfpkonf pkwdwGif csKyfqHk;onf}}- [k ,lMuvQif þyk*¾dKvfowå0gonfvnf; pkwd wGif ysufqHk;onf[k Oapä''d|d jzpfav\/ ]]þyk*¾dKvfowå0gonf pkwd wGif rqHk;? aemifb0wGif ul;ajymif;onf}} [k ,lMuvQif twåjzpfaom emrf½kyfpkonf tcsdKUtcsdKUaemufb0odkY ul;ajymif;onf[k oów'd|d jzpf\/ ½kyfemrfrS tvGwfBuHqí ,lMuaom twåZD0t,lrsdK;vnf;&Sd\/ ao&mrSjywfonf[k,lvQif Oapä''d|d jzpf\/ ao&mrSm rjywf cE¨mtdrf wpfckysufvQif ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuH ydkYcs&mü cE¨mtdrftopfESihf aejyefonf[k ,lvQif oów'd|d jzpf\/ yk*¾dKvf owå0g twå ZD0 t,luif;aysmufvsuf tbd"r®m tvif;aygufcv hJ Qif aomwmyeftjzpfoaYkd &mufí b0qufwidk ;f tyg,f i&JrS tNrJuif;Nidrf;jcif;[laom yxredAÁmefBuD; aygufav\/ owå a vmu\ "r® e d , mrtcsuf ü cuf q pf ç cuf y d k i f ; pk u d k a&G ; aumuf & S i f ; vif ; cef ; NyD ; \/
forms also, roundness is the natural form. Therefore through the proportionate procedure of elements, all the constituents of the universe establish in the round about shape as if they were manufactured from machines. The great earth, the great ocean, the circumjacent mountains, Sinerun the central mountain, the glacial oceans (s1ta-samuddha-) and s1-tantarika (glaciers in the hollows of mountains) and the circular ranges (paribhandapabbata) all establish in the round-about shapes. It is the contribution of natural phenomenal process. Here indeed something should be said of the proportionate and disproportionate procedures of elements. Of the forms the height of a person is said to be proportional when it is equal to his own span just as a proportionate banyan tree whose height is equal to the diameter of its circumference, otherwise it is said to be disproportional. In short, the repletion of 32 marks of an eminent person (ma-ha-purisa-lakkhan.a) is proportional and their deficiency is disproportional. Good-mindedness is proportional while evil-mindedness is dispro-portional. Of the forms other than those of living beings as trees, etc., the symmetry of some of the banyan trees is proportional and the reerse should be understood in the other way. It is also the same way with all the trees, stems, branches, small branches, sprouts, leaves and fruits. In fact, all the infinite varietes of forms, etc, which appear in the world owe their causes entirely to the variation of elements. To have a full understanding of these procedures is within the province of the knowledge of infinite and various elements, of the Omniscient Ones. Those who do not know the various functions of elements look for the World-Lords. In fact there are no other World-Lords but elements and the word 'World-Lord' is merely the outcome of their fancy. Now to return to our subject, among the caloric germs, some densely accumulated ones become rolls of cloud, other finely accumulated ones become volumes of water in their respective places. And through the influence of kamma of all creatureis, there at the inception of the universe appear uninhabited abodes and celestial mansions for both men and devas and also lunar mansions, such as the mansions of the Moon and Sun. In the higher sbodes of devas and in the first Jha-na planes there also appear uninhabited abodes and mansions for devas and Brahma-s.
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ed*Hk; rH k & G m v,f w D t&nrS d ? rH k & G m Zae[d um&d a w/ raem&ar® puF r rS d ? 0oaEÅ e r,m uwm/ ed , mr'D y eD emr? &ef u k e f Z ae[d yw¬ d w m/ bmoEÅ & 0d Z ,m,? 'G d o awå a 'G u omud a ,/ rH&k mG v,fwD t&nrS?d rH&k mG NrKd U v,fwaD wmausmif;wdu k w f iG ;f ü? rHk&Gm Zae[d? rHk&GmNrdKUurf;em;&yfae trdefYawmf&a&SUae ]]armifaMumh? armif p H v if ; }} trS L ;&S d u k e f a om rH k & G m Nrd K Uom;wd k Y o nf / um&d a w? aqmufvkyfaptyfaom/ raem&ar® puFrrSd? raem&r®pBuøausmif;BuD;ü? 0oaEÅe? 1272-ckEpS t f wGi;f oDwif;0guyfqakd exdik af om/ r,m? v,fwD q&m igonf/ &efuek f Zae[d? &efuek Nf rKd U "r®o0e Ak'o ¨ moemjyKtoif; BuD;\ tBuD;tcsKyfOuú|jzpfol NyDpD'if ]]armifa&T*dkif}} ESifh toif;om; taygif;wdo Yk nf/ bmoEÅ&0dZ,m,? bmomwpfyg;udk atmifjrifjcif;iSm/ yw¬dwm? awmifhwtyfaom/ ed,mr'DyeD emr? ed,mr'DyeD trnfwGif vSpf þusrf;opfudk/ 'dGoawåa'Guomuda,? jrefrmouú&mZf 1272ck 0gacgifvjynhfaeYüuwm? pD&ifzefwD; NyD;pD;atmifjrifavownf;/
TALKS ABOUT THE OPEN-MINDENESS "r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/
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(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) aumif ; ud p ö u d k y if j zpf a p qd k ; ud p ö t &müjzpf a p opö m vufeufjzihf acszsufu wpfzuf\ tcktcH tqD;twm;rsm; zGm;ceJ vGihfpifuGmusapEkdif\/ þae&mü... tavmif;awmfiHk;rif;\ opömonf pHerlem ,lxdkufvSyg\/ ¤if;onf.... rdbrsm;uvnf; ypfcGmtoGm; rD;tm;BuD;uvnf; pm;rwwf 0g;rwwf ajy;vTm;vmpOf yxr twdwt f wdwf vlb Y 0u aqmufwnfczhJ ;l aom oDvudk qifjcifonf/ 'kwd, vuf&Sdumv ypöu©t&Sdudk t&Sdt&Sdtwdkif; wdkifwnf onf/ xdkYaemuf rdrdvGwfajrmuf&ef ta&;udk tcGihfta&;tjzpf awmif;qdo k nf/ oufrJh jzpfaom xdkawmrD; rmefcsvsufu Nidrfoufap&NyD/ tavmif;awmf ig;&HUrif;Bu;D \ opömpum;vnf; xdek nf;rjcm; yif/ pifppf xdkiHk; xdkig;rsm;onf wd&pämefcsnf;rsm;omjzpfMu\/ twdkufum; oufrJhrD;? ouf&SdusD;rsm;yif jzpfMuyg\/ oDvwdkYum; vlYjynfu uyfygoGmaom t&Sdefvdkuf oDvrQ omjzpfMuyg\/ odkYpOfvsuf... tcktcHtwm;tqD;rsm;ESihf twdkuftcdkufrsm;udk ausmfvGm; Ekdifjcif;onf aqmufwnfxm;cJhzl;aom oDvtm;u o&P*Hk0if oDv jzpfjcif;aMumihfvnf;aumif;? udavzsifoDvjzpfjcif;rsm;aMumifhvnf; aumif;? tat;"mwftm; vGefuJjcif;aMumihfom/ igwdaYk cwf...xdv k ufeufrsm;jzihf &efratmifEidk o f nfrmS oDv tm;enf;yg;jcif;aMumihfwnf;/ oDvtm; enf;yg;ol\ qdak omopömpum;onf acG;avS;ckeí f zkefrxonfhyrmom/ oDvtm; enf;yg;ol\ cGihfvTwftm;onfum; jcifupm; t,m; ajyrQom/ oD v tm;enf ; yg;ol \ arwå m w&m;onf u m; ol a wmf r S udk,faumif;onfh t&mrQom/ odkYaMumihfvQif....
qdkaomopömpum;onfvnf;aumif;? xm;aom arwåmtm; onfvnf;aumif;? ckcHxm;aom cGihfvTwftm;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? oD[Am[k om;tay: ½Ionfyrm aumif;wkef;omxuf qdk;vQifysufcJh &acsonf/ zHkoJrsm;udk tajcmufwdkuf ypfvTwfonfhyrm vdk&modkY wnhfwnfh rusomNyD/ usaomfrSvnf; txdremNyD/ þrsufarSmufacwfrSmaum oDv0dok'¨dESihf NyD;jynhfpHkavol olawmfaumif;BuD;rsm; r&Sdav &moavm/ &Sdonfum; rSef\/ odkYwapvnf; xdkxdk olawmfaumif;BuD;rsm;onf &moDcsdef r[kwfbJ &ihfrSnhf&aom o&ufoD;rSnhfrsKd;yrm tvGefYtvGef &Sm;yg; acs&um;... wpfudk,fa& wpfum,twGufrQom ckcHumuG,fEkdiftm; &Sdyg onf/ teD;&Sd vufvrS ;f rD a0ae,srQuo kd m tumtuG,f ay;Ekid t f m; &Sdygonf/ o'¨gppfjzihf rSDcdkol wpfbdkYwpfpkrQavmufudkom umuG,f ay;Ekdif pGrf;&Sdygonf/ trsm;tm;vH;k odv Yk nf;aumif;? wpfavmuvH;k odv Yk nf;aumif;? odrf;usHK;Ekdifonftxd roufa&mufapNyD/ bk&m;&Sif\ rsufarSmufawmfumvwkef;uum; olawmfaumif;tpm;pm; rsm;vGef;vSonfuwpfaMumif; Ak'¨KyÜg'acwf tppfjzpfavonfu wpfaMumif;wdkYaMumihf.... wpfOD;jzihf trsm;udkvnf; umuG,fEkdifygonf/ trsm;jzihf trsm;udkvnf; umuG,fEkdifygonf/ onft h wl wpfO;D jzihw f pfO;D trsm;jziht f rsm;udv k nf; umuG,f Ekid yf gonf/ bk&m;&Sif.... aemufyg &[ef;awmfESpfaomif; tNcHt&Hjzihf t&ufrl;orm; emVm*D&dqifudk atmifEkdifjcif;u oufaownf;/ bk&m;&Sif....udk,fawmfxD;xD;wpfyg;wnf;jzihf aumvd, uydÜvom;taygif;wdkY\ a&vkyGJrSjzpfaom ab;udk wm;qD;ay;jcif;u oufaownf;/ tu,fíom... þrsuaf rSmufacwfüvnf; oDv0do'k E¨d iS fh jynhpf MkH uygukeaf om olawmfaumif;tpm;pm;wdYk xGe;f um;vmacsaomf trsK;d bmom omoem ESihf owå0gtm;vHk;wdkYtwGuf tumtuG,f ay;EkdifrnfrSm jiif;p&m
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"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/
¤if;udk rcHcsifaomf 'ku© vdkrnfrxifygacs/ xdkodkY tumtuG,f ay;EkdifonfrSmvnf; xdktqdk; avmu"Hav;rsKd;wkdYonfum; o'¨g,Hk ,Hkolrsm;üom tumtuG,fay;Ekdifrnf? wPSm,HkwdkY pifppf rdrd\ oP²mef&Sd rkef;pdwf(a'go) u orkwfxm;aom udkum; ray;Ekdif/ t&mrsm;yifwnf;/ tavmif;awmfwdkY vuf0,f&Sd vufeufav;rsKd;wdkYwGif odkYaMumihf cEÅDarwåmum; oDvtjynhfygaom rdrd\ "r®"mwftm;rS wu,faumif;r[kwfaom taumif;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? "mwfuljzihf atmifEkdifap\/ opö m um;rd r d \ oD v tm;ud k r S D í wpf z uf \ ewf u l j zih f jyifytawGUtxdwrYkd &S aom taumif;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? avmbu atmifEidk af p\/ odaYk Mumihf xdv k ufeufav;rsK;d wdo Yk nf rdrt d wGuf tm;vH;k vdrfauR;xm;onfh aq;cg;BuD;[lí rSwftyf\/ wpfzef wu,fqdk;r[kwfaom tqdk;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? toH;k usapNy;D olwpfyg;wdüYk um; wPSmavmifpm odrk ;DS xm;&So d l wPSm,Hk jyify tawGUtxdwdkYrS&aom tqdk;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? a'gou wdkYodkYum; rusoufapEkdifNyD/ ol w pf y g;ay;rS & aom yg&rD x l ; BuD ; vdrf;auR;xm;onfh aq;cg;BuD;[lí rSwftyf\/ olYobm0ESihfol olYuHtusKd;ay;twdkif; jzpfxGef;aeMuygukef cEÅDwpfvHk; tNrJoHk; tqHk;edAÁmef0if txufyg tavmif;awmfwum olawmfpGmwdkY udkifpGJaom aom jyify0w¬KtpkpkwdkYudk rdrd\ umrk'geftjrifjzihf taumif;xifrSwf jcif;? tqd;k xifrw S jf cif;rsm;onf ed,mrudk ESpo f w k cf jJG cm;um cHpm;aejcif; vufeufav;rsKd;wdkYwGif... rQomwnf;/ cEÅDonf tcufqHk;aom t&maywnf;/ rdrd\ uH<uif;uHp tvSnhfusatmif &vmaom ypönf;"e yg&rDüvnf; ¤if;cE¨Donfom tcufqHk;wnf;/ jyify0w¬Kt00udv k Qif taumif;xif cifrifvu kd pf m;rd&mrS "mwfwnfah e cEÅD[lonf avmu"H&pS rf sK;d rsm;ESifh yufyif;wd;k wd;k rd&mwdik ;f wdüYk taumif; pOf taumif;"mwfrwnfhavaomtcg tqdk;[lí xifvmjcif;rsm; onfvnf; pifppf rdrdpdwfwGif;&Sd avmba'gow&m;ESpfyg;\ tjyefvSef av;rsKd;wdkYESihf awGUrd&müvnf; rvIyfwpd cHEkdif&nf&Sdjcif;udk qdk\/ tqdk;av;rsKd;wkdYESifh awGUrdjyefvQifvnf; rvIyfwpd cHEkdif&nf ½dkufcwftm;csnf;yifwnf;/ &Sdjcif;udkqdk\/ aumif ; ppf q d k ; ppf ud k , f w G i f ; jzpf tjypf u d k , f h r S m om wu,ftaumif;onf ud, k jf yif0,fr&Sd ud, k w f iG ;f rSmom &S\ d / xdkrvIyfwpd cHEkdif&nf&Sdjcif;onf... wu,fqdk;vnf; udk,fjyif0,fr&Sd udk,fwGif;rSmom &Sd\/ "r®"mwftm;jzihf &ifu h suaf pNy;D aom olawmfaumif;Bu;D rsm;\ odkYaMumihf *kPfowdåxl;BuD;wnf;/ wu,fh taumif;tqdk; xdkESpfrsKd;udk odydkifvdkvQif rdrdudk,f "r®owdå xdkcHEkdif&nfrsKd; r&SdMuavukefaom avmuom;rsm; tzdkYum; b0zefcg oHo&mESihfcsDí aumif;usKd;arQmfudk; tqdk;odkYcsnf; wGif;&Sdrsm;udk tjyeftvSef ppfaq;jcif;jzihf tajzrSef azmfxkwfMu&m\/ wu,faumif;onf om wdk;rdaeacs&um;... (1) "r®okc oxrtajccH 0dyóemÓPftqihfqihf yGihf&mrS ,if; avmu"H toHMum;½Hkjzihf wkefvIyfaeacsNyD/ aiGr&Sd a&Tr&Sdsaom vufvkyfvufpm; qif;&Jom;? ¤if;\ ay:xGufvmaom csrf;omrI? "r®&o atmufr*fatmufzdkvfrsm; yGihfxGef;&mrS ay:xGufvm vufMum; aiGom;a&Tom; wpfjym; wpfcsyf uyfrdvmaomf r&Sdwkef;u (2) qdk;usKd;*kPfudkcsKd;aomtm;jzihf xdkvuf&aiGtm; tdwfoGefzmarSmuf aom csrf;omrI/ (3) 0drkwdå&o t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvf yGihfxGef;&mrS ay:xGuf oHk;ypfonfhtvm;/ tqd;k Mum;rS taumif;wpfck bGm;ceJ ay:vmonfEiS fh aqGUaqGU vmaom csrf;omrI oHk;rsKd;wdkYwnf;/ wu,fhtqdk;onfum; rdrdcE¨mwGif;odkY owdoGif;pdkuf tod ckef wkefbd\/ tqdk;Mum;rS tqdk;rsm; wpfvTm;NyD;wpfvTm; rsm;vmonfESihf pdwfjzihf EdIufMunhf&mrS ay:xGufvmaom... uH pdwf Owktm[m&wdkYaMumhf ysufpD;aeaom þcE¨m? a&ajr xGefYxGefYvl; ul;rd\/ avmued,mrt& wefjyeftm;jzihf ½dkufcwfvsufu wpfzuf av rD; "mwfBuD;av;ckwdkYaMumihf ysufpD;aeaom þcE¨m? tm&Hk? twdkufudavomwdkY\ tNrd§KufaMumifh ysufpD;aeaom rSonf wpfzufqDodkY wGef;ydkYydkYaeaom avmuwHxGm "r®wm&SpfrsKd;wdkY þcE¨m? wGif.... 0w¬KodkYtydkuf udavomwdkY\ tNrd§KufaMumihf ysufpD;aeaom vmbfaygvmrnf? vmbfaygvQif ta`ct G &Hvnf; csO;f uyfvm onf/ ta`cGt&HwdkY vufa0cHrQ &MuvQif csD;rGrf;vmMurnf/ ¤if;udk þcE¨m? xdkcE¨mysufBuD;udk topfjzihf qufí qufí xrf;xm;&aom om,maomf okc/ cE¨m0ef cE¨m'kur© sm;ESiw fh uG ajy;rvGwaf om Zmwdab; Z&mab; r&P xdktaumif; avmu"Hav;rsKd;wdkYonf... pifppf rdr\ d BuKd upf w d f BuKd upf aJG vmbrsm;u orkwt f yfaom ab;qd;k Bu;D rsm;yifwnf;/ avmu"Hw&m;wnf;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) wpfzef vmbfww d rf nf? vmbfww d af omf vlrpnfum;? ta`cG t&Hvnf; rrsm;? xdkta`cGt&HwdkY vufa0cH[efr&aomf ½Iwfcsrnf/
DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf "r®opömudk ñTefjyonf/
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]]&[ef;wdkY? vlwdkYu ZD0xbaEÅ- touf&Snfygapbk&m; [k qdkjcif;aMumihf? oifwdkYuvnf; pd&HZD0- MumjrihfpGmtouf&Snfygap[k wHkYjyefajymqkdjcif;iSm igbk&m;cGifhjyKawmfrl\..}} rl v ynwf c suf t pm; topf y nwf a wmf r l \ / jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifonf ,cifynwfawmfrcl suu f kd jyefvnfí cGiufhjyKcsufwpf&yftjzpf jy|mef;ynwfawmfrl\/ þuJhodkY ]]touf&Snfygap}} [k wpfa,mufuajymvQif usef wpfa,mufuvnf;]]oifvnf; touf&Snfygap}} [k cGef;wHkYajyqdkjcif; "avhum; jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif\ twdwfb0umv b*¾Zmwfawmfvm jzpf&yfrsm;u pwifcJhaMumif;jzihf wdyd#uZmwut|uxm? 'kwd,tkyf? b*¾Zmwfawmf (14) ü jyqdkawmfrlonf/ ZD 0 [l a ompum;ud k jref r mwd k Y u qd w f z G m ;[k q d k j cif ; ZD 0 [k ygVD b momjzih f q d k a omupum;vH k ; ud k td E ´ d , ES i h f oD[dkVfbmomtoHxGufu *sD0[kxGufav\/ jrefrmwdkYu qdwfzG [k qdkav\/ uav;oli,frsm; acsqwfMuonhftcg vlBuD;olrwdkYu ]]qdwfzGm;? tewå/ toufwpf&m? temr&Sd}} [k qdkMuav\/ "r® x uf u d k tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m? ax&0g' Ak ' ¨ o moemjyKwuú o d k v f ? &ef u k e f /
ausmuúma&T*leDapwDawmf tHhzG,f (9) yg; (1) ewfwdkYoeif;? odMum;rif;onf? qif;íazmfjy? taomu \? rlv apwD? tajcwnfí? *leDbk&m;? ay:xif&Sm;? xl;jcm;tHhzG,fawmf/ (2) ajrmuf o d k Y w l ½ l ? rsuf E S m rl í ? a&T * l E S p f q ih f ? vG e f x l ; wih f ? bkef;yGihftHhzG,fawmf/ (3) omvGefrif;Mwm;? rSL;rwfrsm;wdkY? bk&m;xHawmf? a&mufvm aomfrl? qifawmf0yfvQdK;? OD;ESdrfusdK;? wefcdk;tHhzG,fawmf/ (4) vdkPfrkcftwGif;? od'¨doGif;aomf? tif;ESihfaq;0g;? rEÅ&m; vnf;? pGrftm;£'¨d? wefcdk;&Sd? od'¨dtHhzG,fawmf/ (5) aeYpOftNrJ? ylaZmfyGJESihf? vSLNrJ'ge? zl;vmMu? xm0&tHhzG,f awmf/ (6) aumif;rIjyKum? qkyefxGmaomf? vdk&mqkaygif;? jynfhpHk aMumif;? *kPfaygif;tHhzG,fawmf/ (7) Ak'¨"mwfawmf? udef;0yfaysmfojzihf? ausmif;awmfapwD? Budrf Budrf wnf? xl;vnf;tHhzG,fawmf/ (8) ½kyfyGm;awmftm;? o'¨gyGm;í? trsm;vSL'gef;? a&TouFef; aMumihf? a&mifvQrf;xdefnD;? a&TwHk;BuD;? tNyD;tHhzG,fawmf/ (9) opöm"d|mef? ausmufcsDjyefaomf? *kPfvQHjrwfzsm;? wefcdk;tm;aMumifh? xif&Sm;wdwd? {uefod? &SdbdtHhzG,fawmf/ þodkY tHhzG,f *kPf (9) oG,fESihf wihfw,fausmfMum;? a&T*leD jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; oHk;yg;'Gg& yrmPjzihf MunfpGmo'¨g? &Sdcdk;yg\? ylaZmf yg\? uefawmhyg\ t&Sifjrwfbk&m;/
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"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/
Ak'¨ESiYf ywfoufí txl;rSwfom;MunfndKzG,f&mrsm; oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) Ak ' ¨ g eH [ d pwå m a&myd r *¾ g ? ok c yÜ # d y 'g0 a[mEÅ d / jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifwdkY\ r*fav;yg;wdkYonf? okcy#dy'gcsnf;om jzpfukef\/ (yH? 1? |? 'kwd,tkyf? 81) Ak'g¨ eHye pwåma&myd r*¾g? okcyÜ#yd 'g cdygÜ bdnm0 ta[oH/k (2) jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siw f \ Ykd r*fav;yg;wdo Yk nf? okcy#dy'g cdygÜ bdn csnf;omjzpfukef\/ (0dok'd¨? 'ktkyf? 307) ('DC? 2? |? 56) Ak ' ¨ g eH [ d b0*F y &d 0 g? aomv[k a uma[mwd / (3) Ak'¨&SifawmfjrwfwdkY\ b0ifjzpfjcif;onf vsifjref\/ (yH? 1? |? 'ktkyf? 195)(tbd? 1? |? 16) Ak'¨gpemr *&[dwAÁ,kwåuH *&[EÅd? yoHodwAÁ,kwåuH (4) yoH o EÅ d / Ak'¨&SifawmfjrwfwdkYrnfonfum; uJh&JUoihfoludk uJh&JUí csD;rGrf; xdkufoludk csD;rGrf;awmfrlukef\/ (tH? 1? |? 105? 155) Ak ' g ¨ eH [ d aAm"d y wd a å wm y|m,? a'G y Íö 0dnmPyd edAmÁ eae0/ (5) Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkYtm; or®moarÁm"dÓPfodkY a&mufaom tcgrSpí a'GyÍö0dnmPfwdkYonfyifvQif edAÁmefodkY ñTwf½dIif;Muukef\/ (edAÁmeftm½HkjyKonfr[kwf? edAÁmefudk tm½HkjyKaom zvormywfukd a&S;½IaeMuonf[k qdkvdk\) (yH? 3? |? 114? yg? 152) Ak ' ¨ g eÍd § oAÁ n KwnmPóap0? 'oAvÓPóp? (6) t"d * reawm y|m,? tnH u mwAÁ H emrewå d / bk&m;&SifwdkYtm; oAÁnKwÓPf 'oAvÓPfudk &aomtcg rSpí tjcm;wpfyg;aom jyKzG,fudpörnfonfr&Sdacs/ (tbd? 4? |? 40) Ak ' ¨ g p emr? "r® u½k u m? e tmrd o *½k u m/ (7) bk&m;&SifwdkYrnfonfum; w&m;udktav;jyKawmfrlukef\/ ypönf;(4)yg; tmrdoudk tav;rjyKMuukef/ (tH? 2? |? 226? 'DC? 2? |? 81) Ak'¨geH[d tEÅraom ygeDa,yd? 'daAÁmZmyud©wåm0 a[mwd/ (8) bk&m;&SifwdkYtzdkY t,kwfqHk;tm;jzihf aomufawmfa&üyifvQif ewfMoZmcyftyfonfomwnf;/ Ak ' ¨ g eH y e o&D a & &aZmZv’ e Oyvd r Ü w d / (9) bk&m;&SifwdkY\ udk,fawmfüjrLtnpftaMu; uyf½dk;r&Sdacs/ (oH? o*gxm? |? 160? yg? 108) Ak ' ¨ g eH tebd & wd ? y&d w ód w H emrewd ¬ / (10) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; ysif;onfaysmfonf rnfonfr&Sd/ ('DC? 2? |? 127) (1)
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Ak'¨geH ye pdwå 0da[om ewd¬/ bk&m;&SifwdkYtm; pdwfyifyef; qif;&Jjcif;rnfonfr&Sd/ ('DC? 2? |? 134) Ak ' ¨ g eH [d tmvod , H 0 g? MooEé 0 D & d , wm0gewd ¬ / bk&m;&SifwdkYtm;? ysif;&djcif;? qkwfepfaom 0D&d,&Sdjcif; vHk;0 r&Sdyg/ (0d? 1? |? ytkyf? 152) Ak'¨g t|mae *ZÆdwHemr ewd¬/ bk&m;&SifwdkYonf t&mr[kwfonfü BuHK;0g;jcif;r&SDay/ (tH? 8? yg? 129? |? 247) (O'ge? yg? 152? |? 294? 363) (1) 0d e , ynwd å / (2) bl r EÅ & / (3) ypö , mua&/ (4) or,EÅ& þav;|meüomvQif BuHK;0g;awmfrlygonf/ ('DC? 1? yg? o? |? 94) (2? |? 75) ok n m*ga&acg *[ywa,m? wxm*wm tbd & rEÅ d / bk&m;&SifwdkYum; qdwfNidrf&mt&yfüom arGUavsmfukef\/ ("r®? |? ytkyf? 133) (O'ge? |? 369) (ax&? |? 175) Ak ' ¨ g eH a'G u xm emrewd ¬ / bk&m;&SifwdkYum; ESpfrsKd;ESpfcG pum;rnfonf r&Sdyg/ (ax&? |? 430)(ty? |? 283) (tH? 1? |? 129) Ak ' ¨ g eH 0peH " k 0 H tarmCH / bk&m;&SifwdkY\ pum;onfNrJ\/ tcsnf;ESD;r[kwfay/ (Zm? |? ytkyf? 24) (tbd? 1? |? 48) Ak'¨geH 0PÖ rapä&H emr ewd¬/ bk&m;&SifwdkYtm; olwpfyg;\ *kPftay: 0efwdkjcif; rnfonf
r&Sd/ (ed'ge? oH? |? 168) (tH? 1? |? 128) (ax&? |? 'ktkyf? 430) (ty? |? 282) Ak'¨geͧd pwkopö 0dedrkwåm uxmemr ewd¬/ (18) bk&m;&SifwdkYtm; opömav;yg;rS vGwfaom pum;rnfonf r&Sday/ ('DC? 1? |? 312) Ak ' ¨ g eH [ d touú p ö ? "r® a'oem emrewd ¬ / (19) bk&m;&SifwdkYtm; r½dkrao rav;reuf a[mMum;tyfaom w&m;a[mjcif;rnfonfr&Sd/ (oVm? oH? |? 142) Ak ' ¨ g eÍö "r® a 'oememr? wd v u© P rk w å m ewd ¬ / (20) bk&m;&Siw f \ Ykd w&m;a'oemrnfonfum; tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå? vu©Pma&;oHk;yg;rS vGwfonf[lí r&Sd/ Ak ' ¨ g eͧ d tEk y "ma&wG m uxeH e mrewd ¬ / (21) bk&m;&SifwdkYtm; rqifrjcifbJ a[majymjcif;rnfonf r&Sday/ (tH? 1? |? 306)
TALKS ABOUT THE BUDDHA "r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ (22)
Ak ' ¨ g eH teEk oE¨ d u memrewd ¬ / bk&m;&SifwdkYtm; tEkoaE¨rpyfaom w&m;pum;rnfonf
r&Sdyg/ (okwå? |? ytkyf? 129) Ak'¨gemr a[wkorÜEémeH? twåmeH t'aówGm eyuúrEÅd/ (23) bk&m;&SifwdkYrnfonfum; taMumif;yg&rDukodkvfESihf jynhfpHk ukefaom uRwfwef;0ifrnfh (w&m;xl;&rnhf) yk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; rdrdudk,fudk jyawmfrrlbJ <uawmfrlavhr&Sdukef/ (bk&m;&SifwdkYum; w&m;xl;&rnfh yk*¾dKvfESihf rawGUbJ xdkt&yf a'orS cGJcGmoGm;awmfrlavhr&SdMuyg)/ ("r®y'? |? 'ktkyf? 368) Ak ' ¨ g {u|maea,0? ed A '¨ bd u © H e*PS E Å d / (24) bk&m;&SifwdkYonf ae&mXme (wpftdrfwnf;) wpfckwnf;ü NrJaomqGrf;udk tvSLcHawmfrrlMuukef/ ("r®y'? |? 'ktkyf? 204) Ak ' ¨ g y#d y g#d , m? yd @ m, p&d o k / (25) bk&m;&SifwdkYonf tdrfpOftwdkif;om qGrf;cHawmfrlMuukef\/ ("r®y'? |? 'ktkyf? 106) Ak ' ¨ g eH {uyk * ¾ a vyd £ó0g a'goaom0gewd ¬ / (26) bk&m;&SifwdkYtm; yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfavurQvnf; jiLpljcif;? trsufxGufjcif; r&Sdygay/ ("r®y'? |? 'ktkyf) Ak ' ¨ g eH y'apwd , H ? t"d | ma,0 ynm,wd / (27) bk&m;&SifwdkY\ ajcawmf&m apwDawmfonf t"d|mefawmfrlrS omvQif ajrponfü xifawmfrl\/ ("r®y'? |? 'kwd,tkyf? 126) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ xl;jrwfaom *kPfawmf aus;Zl;awmfwdkYudk atmufarhyGm;rsm;jcif;tm;jzihf ]jrwfpGmAk'¨? MunfndKvSí? Ak'¨[dwfBuD;? tpOfrSD;vsuf? aumif;csD;jyK&m? vlwdkY&GmrS? csrf;om&dyfNrHK? ewfwdkYbHkodkY cdkvHIpHrSD;? tusKd;NyD;onf? Ak'¨*kPfawmf? yGm;usKd;wnf;} [lonfh tusKd;zv te*¢udk &&SdMurnfjzpfygonf/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) pmrsuf E S m 13 rS ESyd pf ufNy;D rS O,smOfoYkd qufvufxu G cf mG avonf/ þodaYk om tukov dk f uHaMumihf &SifOygvdonf &[EÅmjzpfonfhwdkifatmif ,kwfedrhfaom eef;wGif;qwåmonftrsKd;üjzpf&aom 0dyguf0#fa<u;udk cH&av\/ trÁygvd? y'kr0wD? t¹umod&[EÅmax&DrwdkY jynh f w ef q mrrsm;jzpf M u &aom0#f a <u; ¤if;ax&Dt&SifrBuD;wdkYonf tEÅdrb0du &[EÅmjzpfonhf aemufqHk;b0üyifvQif jynhfwefqmrrsm;jzpfMu&ukef\/ ¤if;ax&DrBuD; wdkYonf twdwfb0u &[EÅmax&DrBuD;wdkYtm; ]'DjynhfwefqmrawG} [k rdkufrJpGm qJa&;zl;aomaMumihf þb0odkY a&mufMu&ukef\/ xdk0#f a<u;jzpf&yfudk qifjcifí ½dkif;jyaom EIwfaMumihf b0tqufquf 'ku© a&mufwwfonfudk txl;owdjyKum EIwfapmihfpnf;oihfvSMuay&m onf/ (ax&Dty'gefygVd t|uxm) 0#f v nf ? 0#f v d k u f ? 0#f a <u;qyf M u&jcif ; jyKcJhMuaom tukodkvfBuD;rm;vQif BuD;rm;oavmuf ,ckb0
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ü tjypfBuD;pGmjzpfí 0#fvnfMu&avonf/ xdkodkYaom tjypfudk ur® 0#frS 0dygu0#fvnfaomaMumihf0#fvnfonf[k qdkonf/ umv0dyguf aemufy;kd wuf[v k nf;qdo k nf/ aemufaemufb0wdüYk 'kuB© u;D pGmBuKH awGU ay;qyfMu&onfudk 0#fa<u;qyfonf[kqdkavonf/ ,ck b 0üyif 0#f v nf 0 #f v d k u f M u&ol r sm; (1) EGm;t&Sifvwfvwf vQmjzwfí csufpm;aom eE´EGm;owf orm;onf xdkb0üyif EGm;vdkatmf[pfí 0#fvnfum aoqHk;NyD; i&Jü uscH&av\/ (2) om;owfvkyfief;vkyfudkifol vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;onf a&m*g aMumihf aq;½Hw k iG f Adu k cf u JG m uko&mwGif 0rf;xJü cGpJ w d u f &d , d m useaf e cJhojzihf aemufxyfwpfzef cGJpdwfí xkwf,l&aomaMumihf om;aumif owfjcif;ESihf xyfwl0#fvnf&avonf/ 0#f v nf M uol a wG ? umv0d y guf a emuf y d k ; wuf c H & ol r sm; ,ckacwf ,cktcg ypöur© suaf rSmufb0üyif 0#fvnf0#fvu kd f Muolrsm;? umv0dygufaemufydk;wufcH&olrsm; tvGefyifrsm; jym;vSay onf/ tukodkvfonf &ufpuf,kwfrmrI BuD;rm;vQif BuD;rm;oavmuf rMumrwifaom tcsdefrSmyif 0#fvnfwwf\/ ysufpD;wwfMuav\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufawmfu 'dX"r®csucf si;f vufiif; tjypf & 0#fvnf? umv0dygufaemufydk;wufí ajrrsKdcHMu&ol (5)OD;&Sdav onf/ (1) okyAÜ 'k r¨ if; (2) a'0'wf (3) OyÜv0Pfax&Drudk umrjypf rSm;aom eE´vkvif(4) t&Sifom&dykwå&m\ OD;acgif;awmfudk wlESihfxk Munhfaom eE´bDvl;? (5) pdÍörmP0dum? aygif; (5)a,mufwdkY csufcsif; ajrrsKdcHMu&onf/ ol a wmf a umif ; jypf r S m ;í ud k , f v H k ; uRwf t emjzpf N yD ; vl j zLaumif ? vl N yd w å m jzpf & um 0#f v nf o l r sm; (1) bk & m;avmif ; arsmuf r if ; acsmufurf;yg;rS u,fwifay;aom bk&m;avmif;udk ausmufcJ ESihfxkowfum aus;Zl;uef;aom ykPÖm;,kwf/ (2) &S i f r [muóy qHk;ronfudk rauseyfpdwfqdk;í ausmif;udk rD;½dIUjypfrSm;aom wynh&f [ef;i,f/ umv0d y guf a emuf y d k ; wuf 0#f v nf a pwwf y H k olwpfyg;udk owfí ,ckb0 aoab;BuHKao&wwf\/ olwpfyg;tpmudk [efYwm;cJhí ,ckb0 tpma&pmjywfNyD; ao&wwf\ um;? &xm;arSmufatmifjyKcJhaomaMumihf ,ckb0 tdrfNydKopfyifvJ ydNyD; ao&wwf\/ bk&m;apwDykxdk;rsm;rS a&TudkcGmí cdk;,lcJhaomaMumihf ,ckb0 üyif temBuD; c½koif;a&m*g? tom;ta&rnf;MuKwfaom udk,fom; udk,fa& ysufa&m*g&wwf\/ olwpfyg;tm; rw&m;pGyfpGJtjypf&Sm ysufpD;apaomaMumihf rw&m;trIywfNyD; axmifusao'Pfus? aqGrsKd;rdwfo*F[wdkYu txif tjrifvGJcH&í taygif;toif;r&Sd? wpfaumif<uufjzpf&wwf\/ þuJhodkYaom 'd|"r®csufcsif;vufiif; aumv0dygufaemufydk; wuf0#fvnfMu&aom jzpfpOf xkyÜgwftaMumif;&yfwdkYum; ajymvdkY a&; vdkY rqHk;Ekdifavmufatmif rsm;jym;vSayawmhownf;/ usrf;ñTef;- r[mAk'¨0if Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;
A TRAVEL DIARY OF THE WESTBOUND
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"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/
pmrsuf E S m 19 rS apwD a wmf a pmih f e wf B uD ; ig;yg; a&T*leDapwDawmfBuD;wGif apwDawmfapmihf ewfBuD;ig;yg;&Sd aMumif; tqdk&Sdygonf/ apwDawmf\ ta&SU&yfü anmifAk'¨a[yif? awmifü oajyyif? taemufü ydawmufyif? ajrmufü refusn;f yif? bk&m; y&d0kPftwGif;ü cs,m;(ca&)yif [lí t"du&opfyifBuD; ig;yifudk pdkufysKd;xm;&Sdonf/ xdo k pfyifBu;D ig;yifrS ½kup© ;kd ewfBu;D ig;yg;wdo Yk nf apwDawmfukd vnf;aumif;? bk&m;zl;wdu Yk v kd nf;aumif;? tNrx J m0&apmihaf &SmufMuonf [k tpOftquf ,HkMunfajymqdkvmMuygonf/ yk A Á a 'orS d tóaw¬ m ? ZrÁ K ½k a u© m p 'ud © a P ypd ä a r toaemap0? wd E Å d P D w ½k Owå a &/ a&T * l e D r[mxl y ó? A[k a vm y&d 0 d P au {awok ½k u © a '0gwk ? r[mxl y H Ek y gv,H k / bk & m;apmih f e wf & S d a Mumif ; ty'gef t |uxmüqd k y H k Oy0ge ty'gef t|uxmü bk&m;apmihef wf&adS Mumif; vm&Syd g onf/ y'krkwå& jrwfpGmbk&m;\ "mwkapwDawmfudk tbdor®wu ewfBu;D apmihaf &SmufaMumif;? apwDawmfonf ckepf,Zl emjrifah omaMumihf wHceG ?f yef;qdik ;f ? yef;uH;k paom vSL'gef;ylaZmfz, G 0f w¬Krsm;ud?k xdek wfBu;D u aumif;uifxufoYkd aqmif,yl al Zmfay;aMumif;? ewfBu;D udk vlwu Ykd rjrif Mu&bJ wHcGefawG? yef;uHk;? yef;qdkif;awG? uefawmhyGJawG aumif;uifrSm pDwef;wnf&Sdaeonfudk vlwdkYjrif&í txl;MunfndKo'¨gyGm;aMumif;? rdpäm'd|dwdkYyif xdktHhzG,fudkjrif&í Ak'¨bmomtjzpfodkY a&muf&SdvmMu aMumif;jzihf ty'gef? t|uxm? 'kwd,tkyf? ESm 38 wGif qdkonf/ ,if;bk&m;apmihef wfwo Ykd nf apwDawmfukd rormolwYkd rzsuf qD;atmif? raESmih, f u S af tmif? wwfprG ;f orQ tumtuG,af y;Muonf/ ajcmufvSefYjcif;? toHay;jcif;? vltrsm; nmoHay;í vdkufav[ef xifjrifatmifjyKí umuG,fay;Muonf/ ewfwdkYumí r&atmifrdkufrJaomolwdkYum; bk&m;? bk&m;y&d 0kPf? Z&yf? wefaqmif;? wHwdkif;? rkcfOD;apmif;wef;? 0wåuajr? bk&m;\ ylaZmfouúm&vmbfvrf;c&D;udk [efYwm;zsufqD;uefYuGufaESmihf,SufMu aomaMumihf BuD;pGmaom Ak'¨y'k|tukodkvfudk usL;vGefjyKrdMuukef\/ xdktukodkvf\ yxraZmapwemaMumihf &uf? v? ESpf? q,f ESpf? tESpfESpfq,f? ESpfoHk;q,fhqdkif;iHhí 'ku©BuD;pGma&muf&Sd&&SdvmMu NrJjzpfonf/ cif y G e f ; BuD ; rsm; usL;vG e f r S m ; q,f y g;'Pf B uD ; xd rD;? rif;? tem? ysuft*Fg? ½l;ygpGyfpGJbd/ Opömvnf;½HI;? ysufcgokOf;? aoqHk;aqGnmwd/ cifyGef;BuD;rsm;? usL;vGefrSm;? q,fyg;'PfBuD;xd/ ("r®y'-oHpdyf) bk&m;tp&Sad om cifyeG ;f Bu;D q,fyg;udk jypfrmS ;rdMuí ab;'Pf BuD;q,fyg;ESihf awGUBuHKMu&wwfygonf/ pD;yGm;ysufjyKef;? vlñGefYwHk;í? toHk;r0if? vlcGifra&muf? usufaysmufiSufaysmuf? acG;0ufaysmufouJh odkY? tusKd;rJh aysmufuG,f&wwfMuygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; ½kyfyGm;awmfudk csKd;zJhzsufqD;jcif;? aAm"dyifudk ckwfzsufjcif;jyKygu a'0'wf\ avm[dwkyÜg'uH\eD;yg;? BuD;rm;aom tukodkvftjypfudk &&SdMu&ygonf/ bk&m;ausmif;? bk&m;apwD? ausmif;Z&yf? odrfjymom'f? wefaqmif;ponfwu Ykd kd zsuq f ;D Muygu ,ckb0upí b0tqufquf
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/
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qkw d mukd rajymbJEiS o fh Ed idk \ f / "m;jyacgif;aqmif u vufrcHayrJh olpw d "f mwfrus? acgif;aqmif \vl,kHwynhfukd uyfaygif;vkdufonf/ xkdol\ udpörSeforQukd tepfemcHum jyKvkyfay;\/ xkdol pdwfwkdif;usaexkdifajymqkdonf/ xkdvl,kH wynhf\wm0ef,lrIjzihf "m;jyacgif;aqmifu olYukd vufcHvkdufavawmh\/ ola&mufvmawmh t&ifu ig;&m jynhfzkdY wpfa,mufomvkdaeaomtzGJUonf ig;&mwdwdjynhfoGm;avawmh\/ olwdkYtzGJU&JU owif;ukdMum;vkdufwmESihf vlawGwkefvIyfoGm; wwfMu\/ "m;jytzGJUuvnf; tvGef&ufpuf \/ &Gmwpf&mG ukd 0ifvu dk Nf yq D v dk Qif "m;jywdu k í f &onfjzpfap r&onfjzpfap? "m;jywku d Nf y;D vQif &Gmudyk g rD;ESi½hf UdI í zsuq f ;D ypfwwfMu\/ 'Dvedk YJ "m;jywkduf&if; aevmcJh&m wpfaeYaomtcgü olwdkY"m;jytzGJU&JU ed*kH;tcsdefukd a&mufvmav awmh\/ olw&Ykd UJ aomif;use;f rI'Pfudk onf;rcH Ekdifaom &Gmol&Gmom;wdkYonf bk&ihfwyfrawmf ESiyfh ;l aygif;Ny;D olwu Ykd dk zrf;qD;í bk&ihx f H tyfEHS vkdufav\/ bk&ifonfvnf; w&m;pD&ifum "m;jyig;&mtm; ao'Pfay;vkdufav\/ 'DaeY olao&awmhrnf/ aojcif; taMumif;ukd olY&JUtodÓPfav;eJY pOf;pm;rd onf/ aow,fqw dk m vlawG&UJ rsupf ad tmufu tNyD;tydkifaysmufuG,fwmyJ[k olY&JUvlrkduf tawG;eJY em;vnfvkdufonf/ olaorSmukd raMumuf? okaYd omf emrSmudak wmh aMumufonf/ olwt Ydk zGu YJ dk raorcsi;f "m;eJcY w k o f wf&ef bk&if u trdefYay;vkduf\/ emonfh'Pfukd olrcHEkdif? vlru dk jf zpfonht f wGuf olrsm;udak wmh ematmif vkyw f wfonf/ rdru d sawmh enf;enf;rS temrcH csi?f oluom aowmeJeY mwmukd cGjJ cm;aMumuf aeonf/ wu,fawmh emNy;D rS ao&rnfqw dk m avmuobm0w&m;yif j zpf \ / tb,f o d k Y aomavmue,fy,fvo l m;onf rembJaoEkid f ygtHeh nf;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf remcsifaom olY&JUqE´ awG jynhf0oGm;onf[kyif qkd&rnfjzpf\/ ol&Sd &mtcsKyfcef;odkY bk&ifwyfom;awG a&mufvm Muonf/ xkdwyfom;awGukdjrifawmh olYukd ao'Pfay;&atmif vmxkwfwmyJ[k pdwfu xifNyD; pdwfajcmufjcm;rdvkdufao;\/ okdYaomf
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/
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ysK;d axmifpOftcguwnf;u 'DujJG ym;rI[m &Sad e NyD;om;jzpfw,f/ uGJjym;rItaetxm;uawmh &SpfrsKd; &Sdygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYrSm trS w f p Of ( 1) avmb&S d o l ? a'gor&Sdol? arm[r&Sdol? trS w f p Of ( 2) avmb&S d o l ? a'go&Sdol? arm[r&Sdol? trS w f p Of ( 3) avmb&S d o l ? a'gor&Sdol? arm[&Sdol? trSwfpOf(4)avmb&Sdol? a'go&Sdol? arm[&Sdol? trSwfpOf(5) avmbr&Sdol? a'go &Sdol? arm[&Sdol? trS w f p Of ( 6) avmbr&S d o l ? a'gor&Sdol? arm[&Sdol? trS w f p Of ( 7) avmb r&S d o l ? a'go&Sdol? arm[r&Sdol? trS w f p Of (8) avmbr&S d o l ? a'gor&Sdol? arm[r&Sdolrsm; jzpfygw,f/ trSwfpOf(1)yk*¾dKv vf- ¤if;yk*¾dKvfu awmh avmb&Sdw,f? a'gor&Sdol? arm[r&Sd bl;qdkwJh yk*¾dKvfyJjzpfw,f? tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfu vlYb0 a&mufaMumif; twdwfuuHawGudk xlaxmifcJh pOftcsdefu avmbqdkwJh wG,fwmwyfrufrI awGodyftm;aumif;aew,f? avmbawG odyf tm;aumif;cJhwJhtwGufaMumifh 'DuHu tusKd; ay;vm&if avmbBuD ; wJ h v l j zpf v m&w,f ? tavmbac:wJ h rwG , f w m? rwyf r uf w J h oabmw&m;u odyfNyD;awmhtm;enf;aew,f? a'gow&m;jzpfaewJh yk*¾dKvfrSm pdwf qif;&JrIawGNcH&Hxm;awmh 'DuHu tusKd;ay;NyD qd k & if pd w f q if ; &J & wmyJ j zpf w ,f ? ,ck r S m a'gow&m;tm;enf;aew,f? twdwfuuH awG u d k xl a xmif c J h p Of u ta'gow&m;? arwåm"mwfawG tm;aumif;cJhwJhtwGuf? 'DuH tusKd;ay;wJhtcsdefrSm 'Dyk*¾dKvf[m pdwfcsrf;csrf; omomeJY ae&w,f/ arm[w&m;enf ; yg;tm;aysmh a e w,f / tarm[w&m;ynm"mwf a wG tm;aumif;aer,f? 0dyóemÓPfynmawGeJY Nc&H NH y;D awmh 'DuaH wGukd jyKpyk sK;d axmifxm;w,f/
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taMumif ; w&m;? tusKd ; w&m;awG u d k xGi;f azmufow d hJ ÓPfynmawG&w dS ,f/ ypön;f OpömawGtay:rSmvJ wG,fwm? wyfrufrIawG r&Sdbl;? 'gayr,fh a'goBuD;oljzpfwmaMumihf [dv k u Yl v kd J rauseyf? 'Dvu Yl v kd J rauseyf? raus eyfcsufawGrsm;BuD;jzpfae&w,f? 'DuHawGudk olu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhjcif;aMumihf 'Dyk*¾dKvf[m uH u d k xl a xmif c J h p Of u avmbrBuD ; cJ h w J h twG u f avmbrBuD ; ol yk * ¾ d K vf j zpf & w,f ? arm[r&SdvdkY ÓPfynmBuD;olyk*¾dKvfvJjzpfvm &w,f? 'gayr,fh rauseyfcsufawG a'goawG wpfykHBuD; uHawG jyKpkysKd;axmifvmcJhvdkY a'go BuD;oljzpfvm&w,f? pdwfqif;&Jjcif;jzpfvm& ygw,f/ trSwfpOf(8) yk*¾dKv vf-¤if;yk*¾dKvfu awmh avmbr&Sd? a'goeJY arm[vnf; r&Sdol jzpfygw,f/ 'Dyk*¾dKvf[m uHudkxlaxmifwJh tcsed rf mS wyfrufjcif;r&Sb d J tavmbpdw&f jdS cif;? edAmÁ ef udyk J awmihw f pdw&f jdS cif;? vlb Y 0? ewfb0? vlcsrf;om? ewfcsrf;om? jA[®mcsrf;omtp&SdwJh csr;f omawGukd wG,w f m? wyfrufwhJ pdwv f ;kH vH;k r&S d j cif ; ? ta'gojzpf w J h arwå m "mwf a wG odyftm;aumif;aejcif;? tarm[jzpfwJh ÓPf ynmawGuvJ odyftm;aumif;jzpfaejcif;? ½kyf emrfwdkY&JU tedpö? 'ku©? tewå? obm0udk xd;k xGi;f odwhJ ÓPfynmrSm odyt f m;aumif;ae w,f ? taumif ; awG c snf ; yJ NcH & H x m;awmh avmb? a'go? arm[awG vHk;vHk; r&Sdjzpfae ygw,f/ uHutusK;d ay;vm&if avmbrBu;D ol a'gorBuD;ol? ÓPfynmBuD;rm;wJholawGjzpf vm&w,f ? wG , f w mrI v J r &S d w J h t wG u f pdwq f if;&Jjcif;vnf; r&Sb d J pdwcf sr;f omrIjzpfap wJhtjyif ÓPfpcef; ÓPfvrf;awGrSmvJ tNrJ wrf; yGihfvef;NyD;aew,f? 'gaMumihf 'Dvdkyk*¾dKvf rsKd ; [m taumif ; qH k ; yk * ¾ d K vf y J j zpf w ,f v d k Y vlYavmurSm owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumihf uREykf w f [ Ykd m trSwpf Of (8) yk*Kd¾ vv f jkd zpfvmzd&Yk eftwGuf uHujkd yKpyk sK;d axmif wJhae&mrSm aumif;rGefwJh pdwf"mwfjzihfom jzpfvmapzdv Yk t kd yfaMumif; wifjyvdu k &f ygw,f/ usrf ; ud k ; -t|omvd e D t |uxm rif ; azjrih f ( rk ' H k )
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wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg; rodrom cyfjrefjrefavQmuf <uMuowJh/ aemufu ausmif;om;ESpfa,muf uvJ ajrmufausmif;bkef;BuD;a&SU tenf;i,f a&mufawmh]a[m awG U vm; wd k Y b k e f ; BuD ; u a&SUa&mufw,f} vdkYajrmufausmif;om;uajym wJt h cg awmifausmif;bke;f Bu;D uvJ tm;usrcH cyfjrefjrefavQmufNyD; ajrmufausmif;bkef;BuD; a&S U xuf a jcwpf v S r f ; om jref j ref < uowJ h / tJ't D cgrSm awmifausmif;bke;f Bu;D ausmif;om; u]a[m awGUvm; wdkYawmifausmif; bke;f Bu;D u a&SUa&mufomG ;Ny?D ajcvSr;f omw,f} -vdkY ajymawmh ajrmufausmif;bkef; BuD;uvJ tm;usrcH tjrefavQmufowJhuG,f/ aemufu ausmif;om;ESpfa,mufu vJ olYausmif;bkef;BuD;ujrefonf? igYausmif; bkef;BuD;u jrefonfESihf tNydKiftqdkif ajymqdk vdu k v f mMu&m aemufq;kH bke;f Bu;D ESpyf g; tajy; NydKif&wJh b0txd a&mufoGm;owJhuG,f/ bkef;BuD;ESpfyg; ajy;&ifvJ aemufu ausmif;om;ESpfa,mufu wdkYbkef;BuD;u a&SUu uG? rif;wkdYbkef;BuD;u aemufuuGESihf ajy;vkduf &if ; ajymqd k j iif ; ck e f a ewJ h t oH u d k Mum;NyD ; aemufq;kH bke;f Bu;D ESpyf g; [yfx;kd vJ arm&onfh tajctaetxd ajy;&owJh/ aemuf q H k ; rajy;Ek d i f a wmh r S awmifausmif;bkef;BuD;u &yfNyD; ]]a[ha[h ausmif;om;wdkY awmfMuygawmhuG,f? rif;wdkY tajr§ m uf p um; wd k Y E S p f y g; zwf z wf u d k a rm aeygNyDuG,f}} vkdY ajymNyD;ESpfyg;vHk; a[m[J qdkufNyD; &yfwHhoGm;owJh/ ,ckvnf;yJ rif;wdkY tajr§mufpum;aMumihf wdkYESpfyg; rif;om;[J[J NyD; *gxm&Gwfaewm zwfzwfudk armaeygNyD uG,}f [k rdeMYf um;&m oifwef;om; oHCmrsm;rSm waomaom &,farmMuavawmhonf/ cif o l Z mjrih f
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/
37
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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES
38
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