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fvi‡Z d¨vwmwj‡Ukb †m›Uvi di BÛvw÷ªqvj cøvRgv †UK‡bv‡jvwRm& Ges †m›Uvi di cøvRgv wdwRKm&Ñ Bbw÷wUDU di cøvRgv wimvP© (wmwcwc-AvBwcAvi) bv‡g `yÕwU cÖwZôvb cøvRgv M‡elYvq wbhy³|

d¨vwmwj‡Ukb †m›Uvi di BÛvw÷ªqvj cøvRgv †UK‡bv‡jvwRm (GdwmAvBwcwU)

cøvRgv M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui GKwU wefvM n‡”Q d¨vwmwj‡Ukb †m›Uvi di BÛvw÷ªqvj cøvRgv †UK‡bv‡jvwRm& hv wkí‡ÿ‡Îi wewfbœ cøvRgv cÖhyw³ wb‡q KvR K‡i| cøvRgv cÖhyw³i evwYwR¨KxKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ wkíLv‡Zi m‡½ mswkøó cøvRgvwfwËK cÖhyw³mg~‡ni cÖmvi, cwiPh©v, Dbœqb, cÖ`k©b Ges ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ 1997 mv‡j GB †K›`ªwU cÖwZwôZ nq| GB †K›`ªwU Bbw÷wUDU I wkí cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ ga¨¯’ZvKvix cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| wkí‡ÿ‡Î wkí cÖK‡í KvR Kivi Kvi‡Y GdwmAvBwcwU Gi M‡elYv I Dbœqb-kw³i †hgb DbœwZmvab K‡i‡Q, †Zgwb wkí‡ÿ‡Î KvR Kivi mÿgZv cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q| GdwmAvBwcwUi RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK MÖvn‡Ki g‡a¨ Av‡Q Rbmb GÛ Rbmb, GGmwc Bw_Kb AvBGwU, BDGmG, BDwfwm‡÷K wRGgweGBP Rvg©vwb, _vg©v• BwÛqv wjwg‡UW, gwn›`ª GÛ gwn›`ª wj., AvBwcwmGj, jvi‡mb GÛ Uze‡iv wj., GbGBPwcwm wj., wRB BwÛqv †UK‡bvjwR †m›Uvi ev½v‡jvi, weGBPBGj, UªvBUb fvjfm& wj., gnxk~i BZ¨vw`i gZ †Kv¤úvwb Ges weGAviwm, wWAviwWI, AvBGmAviI, AvBAvBwU LoMcyi, b¨vkbvj Gqv‡iv‡¯úm j¨ve‡iUwiR, Ab¨vb¨ wmGmAvBAvi j¨ve cÖf…wZi gZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ms¯’v| GdwmAvBwcwU-i AeKvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q GKwU c~Y©v½ e¯‘ mbv³KiY cixÿvMvi hv‡Z UªvÝwgkb B‡jKUªb AYyexÿYhš¿, BwWGG·mn wdì Bwgkb ¯‹¨vwbs B‡jKUªb AYyexÿYhš¿, A¨vUwgK †dvm© AYyexÿYhš¿, G·‡i wWd«v‡±vwgUvi, †¯úK‡Uªv‡¯‹vwcK Bwjc‡mvwgUvi, BDwf-wfAvBGm †¯úK‡Uªv‡¯‹vwc, †mvjvi wmwgD‡jUi, cyiæZ¡ gvcvi †cÖvdvB‡jvwgUvi, †dR GbvjvBRvimn AcwUK¨vj †gUvjywR©K¨vj AYyexÿYhš¿, c~Y©v½ †gUv‡jvMÖvwd cixÿvMvi, wfKviÕm nvW©‡bm †U÷vi, GGmwUGg we 117 K‡ivkb †Uw÷s †mUAvc cÖf…wZ| Ab¨vb¨ AeKvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q B‡jKUªwb· Ges Bb÷ªy‡g‡›Ukb cixÿvMvi, cÖ‡mm †Wgb&‡÷ªkb wm‡÷g BZ¨vw`| GdwmAvBwcwU eR©¨ †_‡K R¡vjvwb ˆZwi I eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv, cøvRgv bvBUªvBwWs I cøvRgv bvBUªKvey©ivBwRs‡qi gZ c„ôZj k³ Kiv Ges Zvc ï× Kivi cÖhyw³, g¨vM‡bUª‡bi BZ¯ÍZ wb‡ÿc e¨envi K‡i cøvRgv-mnvqZvhy³ †gUvjvB‡Rkb cÖhyw³, Ae‡ÿ‡ci Ici Kvh©Ki †KvwUs‡qi Rb¨ cøvRgv-ewa©Z wmwfwW, cøvRgv †¯§jwUs I †gwës, cøvRgv WvqvMbw÷Km&, gnvKvk-m¤úwK©Z cÖhyw³ BZ¨vw` D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| m¤úªwZ, Avqb B‡iwW‡qkbRvZ AvswkK cwievnx e¯‘mg~n Ges Ge‡ov‡Le‡ov KwVb c`v‡_©i web¨vm M‡elYvRM‡Z e¨vcK Av‡jvwPZ GKwU welq| GLb b¨v‡bvwicj ev b¨v‡bvW‡Ui gZ wewfbœ web¨vm ˆZwi‡Z eªWweg Avqb Drm Ges cøvR‡gvwbK M‡elYvq iƒcvi †KvwUs‡qi e¨envi wb‡q M‡elYv n‡Z hv‡”Q| wkí KviLvbv¸wj Zv‡`i Pzw³e× M‡elYv, we‡klvwqZ cøvRgv †cÖv‡mwms hš¿cvwZ Ges kw³ Drm D™¢veb, cÖhyw³ D™¢veb, e¨envi‡ÿÎ AbymÜvb, e¯‘i ˆewkó¨KiY mvwf©m cÖf…wZi Rb¨ GdwmAvBwcwUi m‡½ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†m›Uvi Ad cøvRgv wdwRKm&Ñ Bbw÷wUDU di cøvRgv wimvP© (wmwcwc-AvBwcAvi)

AvR‡Ki w`‡b M‡elYvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb †ÿÎ wn‡m‡e cøvRgv wdwRKm&‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q RvZxq bxwZi Av‡jv‡K Amg miKvi 1991 mv‡j GKwU ¯^vqËkvwmZ M‡elYv cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e †m›Uvi Ad cøvRgv wdwRKm&

10

†deªæqvwi 2018

cÖwZôv K‡i| D‡Ïk¨ wQj cøvRgv wdwRKm& I mswkøó †ÿ‡Î †gŠwjK ZË¡xq I e¨envwiK M‡elYv cwiPvjbv| GwU Amg miKv‡ii wkÿv (D”PZi) wefv‡Mi GKwU ¯^vqËkvwmZ M‡elYv cÖwZôvb| ¸qvnvwUi w`mcy‡ii mßkwn` c‡_ GKwU fvov Kiv evwo‡Z 1991 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq| †`‡ki 4Rb wewkó weÁvbxÑ MvÜxbM‡ii Bbw÷wUDU di cøvRgv wimvP©, Avn‡g`vev‡`i wdwRK¨vj wimvP© j¨ve‡iUwi, gy¤^vB‡qi fvev GUwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi Ges KjKvZvi mvnv Bbw÷wUDU Ad wbDwK¬qvi wdwRKm&-Gi Pvi cÖwZwbwa Ges ivR¨ miKv‡ii kxl©¯’vbxq K‡qKRb Kg©KZ©v Ges ¯’vbxq MY¨gvb¨ K‡qKRb m`m¨ wb‡q Gi cwiPvjbv cl©` MwVZ nq| wek¦weL¨vZ cøvRgv weÁvbx Aa¨vcK cÖaxgvb K…lY KD (MvÜxbM‡ii Bbw÷wUDU di cøvRgv wimvP©-Gi Aa¨vcK, g„Zz¨ 2017 mv‡ji 18 Ryb) cwiPvjbv cl©‡`i cÖ_g †Pqvig¨vb wbhy³ nb| Aa¨vcK cÖaxgvb K…lY GB †K‡›`ªi mvwe©K Dbœq‡b cÖf~Z Ae`vb iv‡Lb| Zuvi 3-eQ‡ii †gqv` †k‡l wkÿv wefvM †m›Uv‡ii cwiPvjbv cl©` cybM©Vb K‡ib Ges Avn‡g`vev‡`i wdwRK¨vj wimvP© j¨ve‡iUwii wWb Aa¨vcK G wm `vm‡K cwiPvjbv cl©‡`i †Pqvig¨vb wbhy³ K‡ib| †`‡ki wewkó cøvRgv weÁvbx †K‡›`ªi cÖwZôvZv cwiPvjK Aa¨vcK m‡e©k¦i eyRieiæqv 1989 mv‡j weµg mvivfvB M‡elYv cyi¯‹vi Ges 1993 mv‡j KgjKzgvix RvZxq cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i †m›Uvi bb&wjwbqvi †d‡bv‡gbv, Bb÷vwewjwU, Wvw÷ cøvRgvi gZ †gŠwjK cøvRgv cÖwµqv wb‡q wewfbœ ZvwË¡K AbymÜvb cwiPvjbv K‡i Ges †gŠwjK cøvRgv wdwRKm& cixÿv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ GKwU AvaywbK my‡hvM-myweavm¤úbœ AeKvVv‡gv cÖwZôv K‡i| †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii wewfbœ ms¯’v (†hgb wWcvU©‡g›U Ad GUwgK GbvwR©, wWcvU©‡g›U Ad mv‡qÝ GÛ †UK‡bvjwRi gZ cÖwZôvb)-i A_© mnvqZvq †WÝ cøvRgv †dvKvm Ges Wvw÷ cøvRgvi gZ AMÖMY¨ K‡qKwU cixÿvg~jK Kg©m~wP nv‡Z †bq| MZ mvZ eQ‡i †K›`ª wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK gvbm¤úbœ mvgwqKx‡Z 50wUi AwaK †gŠwjK M‡elYvcÎ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| †K‡›`ªi weÁvbxiv MvÜxbM‡ii Bbw÷wUDU di cøvRgv wimvP©, Avn‡g`vev‡`i wdwRK¨vj wimvP© j¨ve‡iUwi, gy¤^vB‡qi fvev GUwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi, fze‡bk¦‡ii wiwRIbvj wimvP© j¨ve‡iUwi, KjKvZvi mvnv Bbw÷wUDU Ad wbDwK¬qvi wdwRKm&, Rvcv‡bi KvBqyï BDwbfvwm©wU, Rvg©vwbi BDwbfvwm©wU Ad †ewiD_, hy³iv‡R¨i Kzjn¨vg j¨ve‡iUwi Ges A‡÷ªwjqvi wdìvm© BDwbfvwm©wUi gZ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Nwbô mn‡hvwMZvq KvR K‡i P‡j‡Qb| †m›Uvi ¸qvnvwU wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Qv·`i Rb¨ wcGBPwW Kg©m~wP Pvwj‡q Avm‡Q| †m›Uv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Kv‡Ði g‡a¨ Av‡Q cøvRgv wdwRKm& Ges wdwRK¨vj mv‡q‡Ýi Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi Ici e³…Zv I Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv| Am‡gi Kvgiƒ‡ci †mvbvcy‡i Aew¯’Z †m›Uvi Ad cøvRgv wdwRKm&, Bbw÷wUDU di cøvRgv wimvP© AvBwcAvi-Gi GKwU bZzb K¨v¤úv‡m cwiYZ nq| 2009 mv‡ji 2 †g GwU AvbyôvwbKfv‡e AvBwcAvi-Gi m‡½ GKxf~Z nq| GKxf~Z wmwcwc-AvBwcAvi-Gi †bZ…Z¡ †`b †m›Uv‡ii cwiPvjK W. †K Gm †Mv¯^vgx| AvBwcAviGi cwiPvj‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU cwiPvjbv cl©‡`i e¨e¯’vcbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ| Gi eZ©gvb d¨vKvwë †g¤^v‡ii msL¨v 12| 14Rb Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvix Ges A‡bK wimvP© ¯‹jvi I cÖ‡R± weÁvbx‡`i wb‡q K¨v¤ú¨vmwU LyeB RgRgvU| AvBwcAvi-Gi cÖavb Kg©m~wP wn‡m‡e †gŠwjK cøvRgv wdwRKm& I Kg©m~wPgyLx e¨envwiK I ZË¡xq M‡elYv cÖkswmZ n‡”Q| ¸qvnvwU †_‡K 32wKwg `~‡i †mvbvcy‡ii bvwRivLv‡Z Aew¯’Z G K¨v¤ú¨vmwU wewfbœ RvwZ ag© fvlvi kvwšÍwcÖq MÖvgxY GK †jvKvj‡q Aew¯’ZÑ G †hb ˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨ H‡K¨i GK Abe`¨ mwbœ‡ek| bvwRivLvZ †h‡Z nq 37 bs RvZxq gnvmoK †_‡K wcWweøDwW-i iv¯Ív a‡i| gnvmoK †_‡K Gi `~iZ¡ cÖvq 800 wgUvi| mey‡R †gvov GB K¨v¤úvmwUi Ae¯’vb †mvbvcyi wegvb NuvwUi Kv‡Q| m~Î B›Uvi‡bU

Abyev` gvbmx †PŠayix

cÖeÜ

fvlv : AÿZc„ôvi cvV Rvwgiæj kixd

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11

gvbyl †Zv e‡UB, KxUcZ½, cïcvwL RxweZ cÖvYxgv‡ÎB ci¯úi fvevfv‡ei †mZze‡Ü kã wewbgq K‡i| ¯^RvwZ‡`i g‡a¨ wewbgq K‡i GK ai‡bi kãvwqZ ms‡KZ| GB kã ms‡KZ Zvi gvbwmK Ae¯’vi ¯’vqx I A¯’vqx cÖwZaŸwbÑ GiB bvg fvlv| Z‡K©i AeKvk iBj bv †h Av‡e‡Mi m‡½ aŸwbi mswgkÖ‡YB fvlvi DrcwË| BZi cÖvYxi K_v Rvwb bv, eyw×i wm×v‡šÍ gvwb, gvby‡li †ejvq cÖ_‡g G‡mwQj †evev‡`i gZ kjvcivg‡k©i Bkviv, A½fw½, Awfbq, kixi ms‡KZ| ¯úk©KvZi gb‡K GB RvZxq `„k¨ms‡KZ †_‡K kÖe¨-ms‡K‡Z †cuŠQ‡Z A‡bK mgq †j‡MwQj| KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi GB kãZi‡½ Zvi †`Šo kÖeYme©¯^, A_©vr Kvb ch©šÍB| Gi †ewk `~ifvlY m¤¢e nqwb| gy‡Li fvlv †mw`b †`k I Kv‡ji e¨eavb‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| c‡i fvlvi wjwLZ iƒc †mB A‡_© KvjRqx| Dcgvi gvqv KvwU‡q kã mgwó, Avfvm-ms‡KZ mywPšÍvq web¨¯Í Ges A_©m½Z K_vgvjv| Ab¨ kãiƒc, †hgb avZz-wbmM© wb®úbœ k‡ãi gZB K_vkãI kÖe¨, A_©vr †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq bv, †Kej Kv‡b †cuŠQq, nq‡Zv g‡bI| GB K_vkã‡K gvbyl K_vwP‡Î Aeqe w`‡q‡Q eY©gvjvi gva¨‡g| fvlv †mw`b †_‡KB cÖvw_©Z ¯’vwqZ¡ †cj Ges gy‡Li K_v †`k I Kv‡ji e¨eavb NywP‡q Zvi w`MšÍ cÖmvwiZ nj Av‡iK w`M‡šÍ| gvby‡li mf¨Zvq fvlvB Zv‡K ¯^vej¤^x n‡Z wkwL‡q‡Q| Zvi AšÍivZ¥vi ¯^MZ Abyf‚wZi mvÿ‡i fvlv n‡q D‡V‡Q †`k-Kv‡ji ALÐ cwiPq, Zvi ¯§„wZ, Zvi msMÖvg, BwZnvm, Zvi HwZn¨| GB fvlvq K_v ej‡Z ej‡ZB Nywg‡qwQ, ¯^‡cœ n‡qwQ we‡fvi, †R‡MwQ| kã-aŸwbi cÖvav‡b¨ wbiewaKvj †PZbvq wg‡k Av‡Q †m gvZ…fvlv, we‡klZ Avgvi gvZ…fvlv, evOvwji fvlv, evsjv fvlv| Avgvi ¯’vbgvnv‡Z¥, Avgvi RvwZ¯^vZ‡š¿i wewkóZv aiv Av‡Q GB gvZ… fvlvi Avav‡iB| ¯^MZ Abyf‚wZi mvÿ‡i, AvZ¥‡MŠi‡e wek¦gvb‡ei ¯^iƒc Avwg| wek¦gvbeZvi Kwe, JwPZ¨‡ev‡ai †kÖômvaK Ges evOvwji fvlv I mvs¯‹…wZK Fw× Ges m~² †mŠ›`h©‡ev‡ai kxl©‡`k ¯úk©x cÖwZfv GKgvÎ iex›`ªbv‡_| BD‡iv‡c †M¨‡U †hgb ms¯‹…wZi mvgwMÖKZvi cÖZxK, cÖv‡P¨ iex›`ªbv_I †Zgwb| Ges KvjMZ mvgvb¨KiY eû c~‡e©B AwZµg‡Y AvR Avgiv wbtmskq †h iex›`ªbv_ cÖwZwU m‡PZb I wkwÿZ evOvwji gvbm cÖwZg~wZ©, Avi me©MÖvn¨ evOvwji mve©‡fŠg

12

†deªæqvwi 2018

Awfe¨vwß I AwaKvi Ges RvZ¨vwfgv‡bi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb Av‡iK K…Zx evOvwj, wZwb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| evOvwji GB cÖvYcÖwZôv I BwZnvm wbg©v‡Yi D¾xe‡b Av‡Q Zvi gvZ…fvlv, Av‡Q c~e©m~ix‡`i HKvwšÍK kÖg I †gavi Cl©Yxq Ae`vb Ges KxwZ©| Av‡Q ivRc‡_ G‡Ki ci GK Av‡›`vjb, RxebcY jovB, AvZ¥vûwZi m‡MŠie BwZnvm| Avgv‡`i fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wek¦fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g mvwi‡Z emvi †hvM¨ I RvqMv K‡i wb‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvi HwZn¨, BwZnvm Zvi DËivwaKvi c„w_exi Avi KÕwU fvlvi Av‡Q? wKš‘ g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e fvevjyZv †Kej fvey‡Ki c‡ÿB mnR| mv¤úªwZKKv‡j AwZgvwÎK Kíbvwejv‡mi h‡_”QvPvi †_‡K gy³ ivL‡Z n‡e fvlv‡K| Rxe‡bi gZ fvlv‡KI G‡KK mgq AwMœcixÿvq DËxY© n‡Z nq| †Kej mvwn‡Z¨i †Rv‡i fvlv wU‡K _v‡K bv| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e fvlvi †Kvb cvLv †bB, †m k~‡b¨ evZv‡m Do‡Z Aÿg| fvlvi wbf©i †Kvb RxweZ gvby‡li K‡É, gw¯Í‡®‹ Ges †jLvi ÿgZvi Dc‡i| cÖg_ †PŠayixi D×…wZ ¯§Z©e¨Ñ Ô†Kej eY©cwiPq n‡jB †jv‡K wkwÿZ nq bv; †Kej ¯^vÿi Ki‡Z †kLvi PvB‡Z wbiÿi _vKvI fv‡jv, KviY c„w_ex‡Z Av½y‡ji Qvc †i‡L hvIqv‡ZB gvbeRxe‡bi mv_©KZv| Avgv‡`i Avnvi-cwi”Q`, M„n-gw›`iÑ me wRwb‡mB Avgv‡`i wbiÿi †jvK‡`i Av½y‡ji Qvc i‡q‡Q|Õ gv‡b wkÿv I ÁvbvR©b e„wËi weKí †bB| cÖPzi Aa¨emvq e¨ZxZ †m e„wË AR©b Am¤¢e| g‡bi ¯^vfvweK weKv‡ki Drm-gyL eÜ K‡i, bZzb we`¨v-wPšÍvi m‡½ Zvi wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi cÖvZ¨wnK ؇›Øi c_ AvMje× K‡i, Zvi wbR¯^Zv I †gŠwjKZvi c_ iæ× K‡i gvby‡li weKvk I c~Y©Zv jvf m¤¢e bq| wbiewaKv‡ji Av‡e`b m‡Ë¡I eZ©gv‡bi mswÿß mxgvq †m Ave× n‡q co‡j Kvj‡mªv‡Zi †fjv AcNv‡Z AvU‡K co‡Z eva¨| Lvg‡Lqvjx wkïmyjf †¯^”QvPv‡i ïay AuvK‡o _vK‡j Zvi gyw³ †bB| AvR mvavi‡Y¨ Awkÿv, †gavi AcPq Avi AÁZvi Dc`ªe Lye †ewk cwigv‡Y †Pv‡L c‡o| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e mf¨Zv I cÖMwZ gvby‡li fvlv, wkÿv I D™¢‚Z ˆPZ‡b¨i gyLv‡cÿx Ges ˆ`eµ‡g cÖK…wZi AK…cY AÿZc„ôvi cvV Zvi †kÖô Av`k© I Dcvq| Rvwgiæj kixd cÖvewÜK, mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK

Rb¥: †deªæqvwi 17, 1899 (dvêyb 6, 1305) \ g„Zz¨: A‡±vei 22, 1954 (KvwZ©K 5, 1361)

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Rxebvb›` `vk wQ‡jb wesk kZvãxi Ab¨Zg cÖavb AvaywbK evOvwj Kwe, †jLK, cÖvewÜK Ges Aa¨vcK| Zv‡K evsjv fvlvi Ôï×Zg KweÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wZwb evsjv Kv‡e¨ AvaywbKZvi cw_K…Z‡`i GKRb| g„Zz¨i ci †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wesk kZvãxi †kl av‡c wZwb RbwcÖqZv †c‡Z ïiæ K‡ib Ges 1999 mv‡j hLb Zvi Rb¥kZevwl©Kx cvwjZ nw”Qj ZZw`‡b wZwb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i RbwcÖqZg Kwe‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb| wZwb cÖavbZ Kwe n‡jI †ek wKQy cÖeÜwbeÜ iPbv I cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e 1954 mv‡j AKvjg„Zz¨i Av‡M wZwb wbf…‡Z 21wU Dcb¨vm Ges 108wU †QvUMí iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb hvi GKwUI Zuvi RxeÏkvq cÖKvwkZ nqwb| Zuvi Rxeb †K‡U‡Q Pig `vwi‡`ª¨i g‡a¨| wesk kZvãxi †klv‡a© Abc‡bqfv‡e evsjv KweZvq Zuvi cÖfve gyw`ªZ n‡q‡Q| iex›`ª-cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv fvlvi cÖavb Kwe wn‡m‡e wZwb me©mvavi‡Y¨ ¯^xK…Z| Rxebvb›` `v‡ki Rb¥ 1899 mv‡ji 17 †deªæqvwi weªwUk fvi‡Zi †e½j †cÖwm‡WwÝi (eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k) AšÍM©Z ewikvj kn‡i| Zuvi c~e©cyiæ‡liv wQ‡jb Aaybv evsjv‡`‡ki XvKv †Rjvi weµgcyi ciMbvi Awaevmx| Zuvi wcZvgn me©vb›` `vk¸ß (1838-85) weµgcyi †_‡K ewikv‡j emevm ïiæ K‡ib| me©vb›` `vk¸ß c‡i eªvþa‡g© `x¶v †bb| †deªæqvwi 2018

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wZwb ewikv‡j eªvþ mgvR Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q AskMÖnY K‡ib Ges gvbewn‰Zlx Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ e¨vcKfv‡e mgv`„Z nb| Rxebvb‡›`i wcZv mZ¨vb›` `vk¸ß me©vb‡›`i wØZxq cyÎ| mZ¨vb›` `vk¸ß (1863-1942) wQ‡jb ewikvj eªR‡gvnb ¯‹y‡ji wk¶K, cÖvewÜK, ewikvj eªvþ mgv‡Ri m¤úv`K Ges eªªvþmgv‡Ri gyLcÎ eªþev`x cwÎKvi cÖwZôvZv-m¤úv`K| Rxebvb‡›`i gvZv KzmygKzgvix `vk wQ‡jb M„nea~ wKš‘ wZwb KweZv wjL‡Zb| Zuvi mycwiwPZ KweZv ÔAv`k© †Q‡jÕ (Avgv‡`i †`‡k n‡e †mB †Q‡j K‡e/ K_vq bv eo n‡q Kv‡R e‡ov n‡e) AvRI wkï‡kÖwYi cvV¨| Rxebvb›` wQ‡jb wcZvgvZvi †R¨ô mšÍvb; Zuvi WvKbvg wQj wgjy| Zuvi fvB A‡kvKvb›` `vk Ges †evb myPwiZv `vk h_vµ‡g 1908 I 1915 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wcZv Kg eq‡m ¯‹y‡j fwZ© Kivi we‡ivax wQ‡jb e‡j evwo‡Z gv‡qi Kv‡QB wgjyi evj¨wk¶vi m~ÎcvZ| †fv‡i wcZvi K‡É Dcwbl` Ave„wË I gv‡qi Mvb ï‡b Zuvi Nyg fvOZ| jvRyK ¯^fv‡ei n‡jI Zuvi †Ljva~jv, evMvb Kiv, ågY I muvZv‡ii Af¨vm wQj| †Q‡j‡ejvq gvgvi m‡½ eû RvqMvq †ewo‡q‡Qb| ˆkk‡e GKevi KwVb Amy‡L c‡ob| ¯^v¯’¨ D×v‡ii R‡b¨ gv I gvZvgn nvwmi Mv‡bi Kwe P›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ j‡ÿèŠ, AvMÖv, w`wjø cÖf…wZ ¯’vb ågY K‡ib| 1908 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m AvU eQ‡ii wgjy‡K eªR‡gvnb we`¨vj‡q cÂg †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© Kiv‡bv nq| we`¨vj‡q _vKvKvjxbB Zuvi evsjv Ges Bs‡iwR fvlvq iPbvi m~Pbv nq| GQvov †m mgq Zuvi Qwe AuvKvi w`‡KI †SuvK wQj| 1915 mv‡j eªR‡gvnb we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖ_g wefv‡M g¨vwUªKz‡jkb (eZ©gv‡b gva¨wgK ev GmGmwm) cix¶vq DËxY© nb|| `yÕeQi ci eªR‡gvnb K‡jR †_‡K B›UviwgwW‡qU (D”P gva¨wgK) cix¶vq c~‡e©i djvd‡ji cybive„wË NUvb; Zvici KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nevi D‡Ï‡k¨ ewikvj Z¨vM K‡ib| 1919 mv‡j KjKvZvi †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jR †_‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z Abvm©mn weG wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| G eQ‡iB eªþev`x cwÎKvi ˆekvL msL¨vq Zuvi cÖ_g KweZv Qvcv nq| KweZvwUi bvg wQj Ôel© AvevnbÕ| KweZvwU‡Z Kwei bvg Qvcv nqwb, †Kej m¤§vbm~PK kÖx K_vwU †jLv wQj| Z‡e cwÎKvi el©‡k‡li wbN©È m~wP‡Z Zvi c~Y© bvg Qvcv nq: kÖxRxebvb›` `vk, weG| †m mg‡q wZwb n¨vwimb †iv‡Wi †cÖwm‡WwÝ †evwW©s‡q _vK‡Zb, Z‡e cix¶vi wVK Av‡M i³ Avgvk‡q AvµvšÍ nIqvq Zvi cÖ¯‘wZ evavMÖ¯Í K‡i| Gi `yÕeQi ci 1921 mv‡j KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z wØZxq †kÖwY‡Z GgG wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Gici wZwb AvBb cov ïiæ K‡ib| 1922 mv‡j KjKvZvi wmwU K‡j‡R wUDUi wn‡m‡e Aa¨vcbv ïiæ K‡ib Ges AvBb Aa¨qb †Q‡o †`b| †hŠe‡bi cÖvi‡¤¢B Rxebvb‡›`i Kwe cÖwZfv weKwkZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| 1925-Gi Ryb gv‡m †`keÜy wPËiÄb `vk g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡j Rxebvb›` Zuvi ¯§i‡Y Ô†`keÜyi cÖqv‡YÕ bv‡g GKwU eªþev`x KweZv iPbv K‡ib, hv e½evYx cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq| KweZvwU cieZ©xKv‡j Zuvi cÖ_g Kve¨ msKjb Siv cvjK-G ¯’vb cvq| KweZvwU c‡o Kwe Kvwj`vm ivq gšÍe¨ K‡iwQ‡jb, ÔG eªþev`x KweZvwU wbðqB †Kvb cÖwZwôZ Kwei QÙbv‡gi iPbv|Õ 1925 mv‡jB Zuvi cÖ_g cÖeÜ ¯^M©xq ÔKvjx‡gvnb `v‡ki kÖv×evm‡iÕ eªþev`x cwÎKvi cici wZbwU msL¨vq avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq| H eQ‡iB K‡jø­vj cwÎKvq ÔbxwjgvÕ KweZvwU cÖKvwkZ n‡j Zv A‡bK ZiæY Kve¨iwm‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i| ax‡i ax‡i KjKvZv, XvKv Ges Ab¨vb¨ RvqMvi wewfbœ mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvq Zuvi †jLv Qvcv n‡Z _v‡K; †h¸wji g‡a¨ wQj †m mgqKvi weL¨vZ cwÎKv K‡jø­vj, Kvwj I Kjg, cÖMwZ cÖf…wZ| 1927 mv‡j Kwei cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ Siv cvjK cÖKvwkZ nq| †m mgq †_‡KB wZwb Zuvi cvwievwiK Dcvwa Ô`vk¸‡ßiÕ e`‡j †Kej Ô`vkÕ wjL‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki K‡qK gv‡mi gv_vq wZwb wmwU K‡j‡Ri PvKwiwU nvivb| ag©xq Drme‡K †K›`ª K‡i K‡jRwU‡Z QvÎ Am‡šÍvl †`Lv †`q, d‡j K‡jRwUi QvÎfwZ©i nvi Avk¼vRbKfv‡e K‡g

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†deªæqvwi 2018

hvq| Rxebvb›` wQ‡jb K‡jRwUi wk¶K‡`i g‡a¨ KwbôZg, ZvB Avw_©K mgm¨vMÖ¯Í K‡jR cÖ_‡g Zuv‡KB PvKwiPy¨Z K‡i| GB PvKwiPy¨wZ `xN©Kvj Rxebvb‡›`i g‡bv‡e`bvi KviY wQj| KjKvZvi mvwnZ¨P‡µI †m-mgq Zuvi KweZv KwVb mgv‡jvPbvi m¤§yLxb nq| †m mgqKvi cÖL¨vZ mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K mRbxKvšÍ `vm kwbev‡ii wPwV‡Z Zuvi iPbvi wb`©q mgv‡jvPbvq cÖe„Ë nb| KjKvZvq Kievi gZ †Kvb KvR wQj bv e‡j Kwe Aaybv evsjv‡`‡ki †QvÆ kni ev‡Minv‡Ui cÖdzjøP­ ›`ª K‡j‡R wk¶K wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| Z‡e gvÎ `yB gvm Kzwo w`b c‡iB wZwb KjKvZvq wd‡i hvb| PvKwi bv _vKvq G mgq wZwb Pig Avw_©K `y`©kvq c‡o hvb| Rxebavi‡Yi R‡b¨ wZwb M„nwk¶KZvi KvR Ki‡Zb| Gmgq †jLvwjwL †_‡K mvgvb¨ wKQy †ivRMvi nZ| cvkvcvwk wZwb wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b PvKwii mÜvb KiwQ‡jb| 1929 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i wZwb w`wjøi­ ivghk K‡j‡R Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| GLv‡bI Zuvi PvKwii †gqv` gvÎ Pvi gvm| 1930 mv‡ji 9 †g (26 ˆekvL, 1337) wZwb †ivwnYxKzgvi ¸‡ßi Kb¨v jveY¨ ¸ßi m‡½ weevne܇b Ave× nb| we‡q n‡qwQj XvKv kn‡i cyi‡bv XvKvi cvUzqvUzjxi eªvþ mgv‡Ri ivg‡gvnb jvB‡eªwi‡Z| jveY¨ ¸ß †m mgq XvKvi B‡Wb K‡j‡R †jLvcov KiwQ‡jb| Rxebvb›` `v‡ki we‡q‡Z Kwe eyׇ`e emy, AwRZKzgvi `Ë cÖgyL Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| we‡qi ci Avi wZwb w`wjø‡­Z wd‡i hvbwb| Gici cÖvq eQi cuv‡PK Rxebvb›` Kg©nxb Ae¯’vq wQ‡jb| gv‡S wKQyw`b GKwU exgv †Kv¤úvwbi G‡R›U wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb; †QvU fvB‡qi KvQ †_‡K UvKv avi K‡i e¨emv K‡i‡Qb; wKš‘ †KvbUvB ¯’vqx nqwb| Gmgq Zuvi evev RxweZ Ges Rxebvb‡›`i ¯¿x ewikv‡jB wQ‡jb e‡j Rxebvb‡›`i †eKviZ¡ cvwievwiK `yie¯’vi KviY nqwb| 1931 mv‡j Kwei cÖ_g mšÍvb gÄykÖxi Rb¥ nq| cÖvq †m mg‡qB Zuvi ÔK¨v‡¤úÕ KweZvwU myax›`ªbv_ `Ë m¤úvw`Z cwiPq cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq Ges m‡½ m‡½ KjKvZvi mvwnZ¨ mgv‡R e¨vcK mgv‡jvPbvi wkKvi nq| KweZvwUi AvcvZ welqe¯‘ wQj †RvQbv iv‡Z nwiY wkKvi| A‡b‡KB GB KweZvwU cvV K‡i Zv Akøxj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡ib| †eKviZ¡, msMÖvg I nZvkvi GB mgqKv‡j wZwb †ek wKQy †QvUMí I Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb; Z‡e Zuvi RxeÏkvq †m¸‡jv cÖKvwkZ nqwb| 1934 mv‡j wZwb GK¸”Q MxwZKweZv iPbv K‡ib hv cieZ©xKv‡j Zuvi iƒcmx evsjv Kv‡e¨i cÖavb Ask wbg©vY K‡i| G KweZv¸wjI Rxebvb›` cÖKvk K‡ibwb| 1954 mv‡j Zuvi g„Zz¨i ci Zuvi †evb myPwiZv `vk Ges gqyL cwÎKvL¨vZ Kwe f~‡g›`ª ¸n KweZv¸‡jv GKwÎZ K‡i 1957 mv‡j iƒcmx evsjv bv‡g cÖKv‡ki e¨e¯’v K‡ib| hv‡nvK, 1935 mv‡j Rxebvb›` Zuvi cyi‡bv wk¶v cÖwZôvb eªR‡gvnb K‡j‡R wd‡i hvb| GwU ZLb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Awafy³ wQj| wZwb †mLvbKvi Bs‡iwR wefv‡M cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| †m mg‡q KjKvZvq eyׇ`e emy, †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ Ges mgi †mb KweZv bv‡g GKwU Avb‡Kviv bZyb KweZv cwÎKv †ei Kivi †Zvo‡Rvo KiwQ‡jb| cwÎKvwUi cÖ_g msL¨v‡ZB Rxebvb‡›`i GKwU KweZv ¯’vb cvq, hvi bvg wQj Ôg„Zz¨i Av‡MÕ| KweZvwU cvV K‡i iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi eyׇ`e‡K †jLv GKwU wPwV‡Z KweZvwU‡K ÔwPÎiƒcgqÕ e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡ib| KweZv cwÎKvi wØZxq msL¨vq (†cŠl 1342 msL¨v, wW‡m¤^i 1934/Rvbyqvwi 1935) Zuvi wKse`wšÍZzj¨ ÔebjZv †mbÕ KweZvwU cÖKvwkZ nq| 18 jvB‡bi GB KweZvwU eZ©gv‡b evsjv fvlvi me‡P‡q RbwcÖq KweZvi Ab¨Zg wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| c‡ii eQi Rxebvb‡›`i wØZxq Kve¨MÖš’ a~mi cvÐywjwc cÖKvwkZ nq| Rxebvb›` Gi g‡a¨B ewikv‡j mewKQy ¸wQ‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb| 1936 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m Zuvi cyÎ mgivb‡›`i Rb¥ nq| 1938 mv‡j iex›`ªbv_ msKwjZ Ôevsjv Kve¨ cwiPqÕ-G Rxebvb‡›`i Ôg„Zz¨i Av‡MÕ KweZvwU ¯’vb cvq| 1939 mv‡j Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KweZv msKjb cÖKvwkZ nq Avey mqx`

AvBqye I nx‡i›`ªbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi m¤úv`bvqÑ G‡Z Rxebvb‡›`i PviwU KweZvÑ ÔcvwLivÕ, ÔkKzbÕ, ÔebjZv †mbÕ Ges ÔbMœ wbR©b nvZÕ AšÍf©y³ nq| 1942 mv‡j Kwei wcZ…we‡qvM nq Ges H eQ‡iB Zvi Z…Zxq KweZvMÖš’ ebjZv †mb cÖKvwkZ nq| eBwU eyׇ`e emyi KweZvfeb n‡Z ÔGK cqmvq GKwUÕ wmwi‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ nq Ges Gi c„ôvmsL¨v wQj †lvj| eyׇ`e emy wQ‡jb Rxebvb‡›`i cÖavb c„ô‡cvlK Ges Zuvi m¤úvw`Z KweZvcwÎKvq Rxebvb‡›`i eû KweZv Qvcv nq| 1944 mv‡j Zuvi PZy_© Kve¨MÖš’ gnvc„w_ex cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi Av‡Mi wZbwU Kve¨MÖš’ Zuv‡K wb‡Ri cqmvq cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡qwQj, Z‡e gnvc„w_exi R‡b¨ wZwb cÖKvkK cvb| wØZxq wek¦hy× PjvKvjxb cÖKvwkZ GB KweZv¸‡”Q hy‡×i Qvc wQj ¯úó| PvKwii cÖ‡qvR‡b ewikv‡j wdi‡jI KjKvZv Rxebvb›`‡K Lye UvbZ| KjKvZvi mywe¯Í…Z cwimi wZwb Dc‡fvM Ki‡Zb| wZwb memgq KjKvZvq †divi K_v fve‡Zb Ges my‡hvM †c‡jB w÷gv‡i ewikvj †_‡K Lyjbv, Zvici †Uª‡b †ebv‡cvj n‡q KjKvZvq cvwo Rgv‡Zb| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb cÖej n‡q I‡V| wRbœvni †bZ…‡Z¡ gymwjg †bZ…e„›` gymjgvb‡`i R‡b¨ c„_K ivóª MV‡bi `vwe Rvbvb| Gi d‡j evsjv wØLwÐZ nIqv Aek¨¤¢vex n‡q c‡o, KviY Gi c~e©vsk wQj gymjgvbcÖavb Avi cwðgvs‡k wn›`yiv wQj msL¨v¸iæ| 1947-Gi †`kfvM c~e©eZ©xmg‡q evsjvq exfrm mv¤úÖ`vwqK `v½v nq| Rxebvb›` memgqB mv¤úÖ`vwqK m¤úÖxwZi c‡¶ †mv”Pvi wQ‡jb| KjKvZvq 1946 mv‡j hLb Avevi wn›`y-gymjgvb `v½v Qwo‡q c‡o, Kwe Ô1946-47Õ KweZvwU †j‡Lb| †`kwefv‡Mi wKQy Av‡M wZwb weGg K‡jR †_‡K QywU wb‡q KjKvZvq G‡mwQ‡jb| QywU evwo‡q KjKvZvq `xN© K‡qK gvm Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Gici c~e©e‡½ Av‡mb wKš‘ Zv wQj mvgwqK| 1947-G †`kfv‡Mi wKQy c~‡e© mcwiev‡i evsjv‡`k A_©vr ZrKvjxb c~e©e½ Z¨vM K‡ib Ges KjKvZvq ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm ïiæ K‡ib| KjKvZvq wZwb ˆ`wbK ¯^ivR cwÎKvi †iveev‡ii mvwnZ¨ wefvM m¤úv`bv K‡ib wKš‘ GB PvKwii ¯’vwqZ¡ wQj gvÎ mvZgvm| KvRx bRiæj BmjvgwelqK GKwU M`¨ iPbv gvwjKc‡¶i gbtcyZ bvnIqvq GB PvKwiPz¨wZ| 1948 mv‡j wZwb gvj¨evb I myZx_© bv‡g `ywU Dcb¨vm wj‡LwQ‡jb, Z‡e Av‡Mi¸‡jvi gZ G `ywUI AcÖKvwkZ wQj| G eQ‡ii wW‡m¤^‡i Zuvi cÂg Kve¨MÖš’ mvZwU Zvivi wZwgi cÖKvwkZ nq| GKB gv‡m KjKvZvq Zuvi gv KzmygKzgvix `v‡ki Rxebvemvb N‡U| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Rxebvb›` KjKvZvi mvwnwZ¨K mgv‡R wbR¯^ GKwU Ae¯’vb ˆZwi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| wZwb ÔmgKvjxb mvwnZ¨‡K›`ªÕ bv‡g GKwU ms¯’vi mn-mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb Ges GB ms¯’vi gyLcÎ Ø›Ø cwÎKvi Ab¨Zg m¤úv`K wbhy³ nb| gv‡S wZwb wKQyKvj LoMcyi K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1952 mv‡j Zuvi RbwcÖq KweZvi eB ebjZv †mb wmM‡bU †cÖm †_‡K cwiewa©Z AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| eBwU cvVKvbyK‚j¨ jvf K‡i Ges wbwLj e½ iex›`ªmvwnZ¨ m‡¤§jb-†NvwlZ Ôiex›`ª-¯§„wZ cyi¯‹viÕ Rq K‡i| g„Zz¨i wKQy c~‡e© nvIov Mvj©m K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbvi PvKwi Ry‡U †M‡j Zuvi KjKvZvRxe‡bi Acwimxg ˆ`b¨`kvi myivnv nq| 1954 mv‡ji †g gv‡m cÖKvwkZ nq Rxebvb›` `v‡ki †kÖô KweZv| 1955 mv‡j fviZ miKv‡ii mvwnZ¨ AKv‡`wg cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| Zuvi Kg©Rxeb Av‡`Š gm„Y wQj bv| PvKwi Z_v myw¯’i RxweKvi Afve Zuv‡K Avg„Zz¨ Kó w`‡q‡Q| PvKwii Rb¨ n‡b¨ n‡q wZwb Øv‡i Øv‡i Ny‡i‡Qb| ¯¿x jveY¨ `vk ¯‹y‡j wk¶KZv K‡i RxweKvi Afve wKQyUv cywl‡q‡Qb| 1954 mv‡j AKvjg„Zz¨i mgq wZwb nvIov Mvj©m K‡j‡R Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| `yB `dv `xN© †eKvi Rxe‡b wZwb BÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi G‡R›U wnmv‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb Ges cÖavbZ M„nwk¶KZv K‡i msmvi Pvwj‡q‡Qb| GQvov e¨emv‡qi †PóvI K‡iwQ‡jb eQiLv‡bK| `vwi`ª¨ Ges AbUb wQj Zvi Kg©Rxe‡bi Qvqvm½x|

mvwnwZ¨K Rxeb

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Rxebvb‡›`i Kve¨MÖš’mg~‡ni cÖKvkKvj m¤ú‡K© we‡kl cÖwYavb‡hvM¨ Z_¨ GB †h, K‡qKwU Kve¨MÖ‡š’i GKvwaK cwiewa©Z ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| wb‡P †Kej cÖ_g cÖKvkbvi eQi DwjøwLZ| Zuvi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ Siv cvjK cÖKvwkZ nq 1927 mv‡j| Gi `xN©Kvj ci 1936-G cÖKvwkZ nq Zuvi wØZxq Kve¨MÖš’ a~mi cvÐywjwc| BZ¨em‡i Kwei g‡bvRM‡Z †hgb cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q †Zgwb iPbv‡KŠk‡jI G‡m‡Q msnwZ Ges cwicK¡Zv| Zuvi Z…Zxq Kve¨MÖš’ ebjZv †mb cÖKvwkZ nq 1942-G| GwU ÔKweZvfeb ms¯‹iYÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ| wmM‡bU †cÖm ebjZv †mb cÖKvk K‡i 1952-q| ebjZv †mb Kve¨MÖ‡š’i KweZvmg~nmn cieZ©x KweZvMÖš’ gnvc„w_ex cÖKvwkZ nq 1944-G| Rxebvb›`i RxeÏkvq me©‡kl cÖKvwkZ MÖš’ mvZwU Zvivi wZwgi (1948)| 1954 mv‡j g„Zz¨i wKQy Av‡M cÖKvwkZ nq Rxebvb›` `v‡ki †kÖô KweZv| Kwei g„Zz¨-cieZ©x cÖKvwkZ MÖš’mg~n nj 1957-q cÖKvwkZ iƒcmx evsjv Ges 1961-†Z cÖKvwkZ †ejv A‡ejv Kvj‡ejv| Kwe iƒcmx evsjvi cvÐywjwc cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡jI RxeÏkvq cÖKv‡ki D‡`¨vM †bbwb| wZwb MÖš’wUi cÖ”Q` bvg wba©viY K‡iwQ‡jb evsjvi Î¯Í bxwjgv| 1957 mv‡j cÖKvkKv‡j Gi bvgKiY Kiv nq iƒcmx evsjv| Zuvi AMÖwš’Z KweZvejx wb‡q cÖKvwkZ KweZv msKjb¸‡jv nj: my`k©bv (1973), Av‡jv c„w_ex (1981), g‡bvwen½g, †n †cÖg †Zvgvi K_v †f‡e (1998), AcÖKvwkZ GKvbœ (1999) Ges AveQvqv (2004)| Kwei cÖKvwkZ-AcÖKvwkZ MÖwš’Z-AMÖwš’Z mKj KweZvi AvKi †`excÖmv` e‡›`¨vcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z Rxebvb›` `v‡ki Kve¨msMÖn me©cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq 1993 mv‡j| c‡ii eQi MÖwš’Z-AMÖwš’Z mKj KweZvi cwiewa©Z ms¯‹iY cÖKvwkZ nq Ave`yj gvbœvb ˆmq‡`i D‡`¨v‡M| cieZ©xKv‡j Avwe®‹…Z Av‡iv KweZv AšÍf©y³ K‡i †¶Î ¸ß 2001 mv‡j cÖKvk K‡ib Rxebvb›` `v‡ki Kve¨mgMÖ| 2010 mv‡j f~‡g›`ª ¸n cÖKvk K‡ib Rxebvb›` `v‡ki cÖKvwkZ-AcÖKvwkZ-MÖwš’ZAMÖwš’Z mKj KweZvi AvKi MÖš’ cvÐywjwc msMÖn|

cÖeÜ

g~jZ Kwe n‡jI mvwn‡Z¨i Aa¨vcK Kwe Rxebvbb` `vk RxerKv‡j wKQy cÖeÜ-wbeÜ iPbv I cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| G¸‡jv wewfbœ cÎcwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi GKwU Ask wb‡q KweZvi K_v cÖeÜMÖš’wU 1955 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| evwK cÖeÜ-wbeܸ‡jv `xN©Kvj AcÖKvwkZ wQj| 1990 mv‡j me©cÖ_g Rxebvb‡›`i cÖKvwkZ-AcÖKvwkZ-MÖwš’ZAMÖwš’Z mKj cÖeÜ GK gjv‡U Ave× K‡i cÖKvwkZ nq Rxebvb›` `v‡ki cÖeÜmgMÖ| 1999 mv‡j Rxebvb›` `v‡ki Rb¥kZe‡l© Av‡iv wKQy cÖeÜ-wbeÜ Avwe®‹…Z n‡j cÖKvwkZ nq Rxebvb›` `v‡ki AMÖwš’Z cÖeÜmgMÖ|

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wjU¨vi¨vwi †bvUm

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MíMÖš’ I Dcb¨vm

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point of discipline and efficiency. It is an institution that aught to serve as a model to all schools, Government or Private.Õ

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msea©bv †`Iqv nj| my‡i›`ªbv_‡K †h ¯’v‡b †MÖßvi Kiv n‡qwQj, Awk¦bxKzgv‡ii cÖ¯ÍvegZ †mLv‡b GKwU ¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢I ¯’vwcZ nq| GB wQ‡jb Awk¦bxKzgvi, ewikv‡ji gyKzUnxb mgªvU| my`~i cvÄve †_‡K gv`ªvR ch©šÍ Zuv‡K H bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nZ| fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi m‡½ cÖ_g †_‡KB hy³ wQ‡jb wZwb| GLv‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨, 1885-†Z RvZxq Ks‡MÖm cÖwZôvi Av‡M 1876-G †hgb ivóª¸iæ my‡i›`ªbv_ e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡ ‘Indian Association’ M‡o D‡VwQj, wVK GKB iKgfv‡e 1885-†Z ewikv‡j cÖ_g ivRˆbwZK cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¥ nq, Ôewikvj RbmvaviY mfvÕ| DwKj c¨vixjvj ivq wQ‡jb G-mfvi mfvcwZ Avi Awk¦bxKzgvi mwµq m`m¨| GLvbKvi m`m¨iƒ‡cB wZwb gv`ªv‡R AbywôZ 1887-i Ks‡MÖ‡mi Z…Zxq Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| 1897-G Ks‡MÖ‡mi Z…Zxq Awa‡ek‡b (AvgiveZx) wZwb Ks‡MÖm‡K ÔwZbw`‡bi ZvgvmvÕ e‡j e¨½ K‡ib| †Kb-bv GB evwl©K Awa‡ek‡bi g‡a¨ wZwb m`_©K wKQz †`L‡Z cvbwb| me©fviZxq ivRbxwZ †Q‡o wZwb Zuvi †Rjv ewikvj‡KB Kg©‡ÿÎ wbe©vPb K‡ib AZtci| 1905 mv‡j ZvB e½f½ Av‡›`vj‡bi †ec_y mg‡q wZwb MVb K‡ib Ô¯^‡`kevÜe mwgwZÕ| GB mwgwZi gZ mwµq mwgwZ mgMÖ evsjvq GKgvÎ ÔAbykxjb mwgwZÕ Qvov Avi wQj bv| ewikvj †Rjv‡Z GB mwgwZi 174wU kvLv `ªæZ M‡o I‡V| ivRbxwZ QvovI `yt‡¯’i †mev, `ywf©ÿ I eb¨vq AvZ©ÎvY, kixi PP©vi gva¨‡g †`n‡K my¯’ I mvejxj ivLv, MÖš’cv‡Vi Af¨vm M‡o †Zvjv BZ¨vw` f‚wgKv cvjb KiZ GLvbKvi mf¨e„›`, hv‡`i e„n`skB QvÎm¤úª`vq| Av`k© wkÿK m¤ú‡K© iex›`ªbv_ ÔAvkÖ‡gi wkÿvÕ cÖe‡Ü hv wj‡LwQ‡jb, Awk¦bxKzgvi‡K †mB Dw³wUi Av‡jvq wePvi Ki‡j GB `yB gbxlxi wPšÍvi mv`„k¨ †`L‡Z cve Avgiv| iex›`ªbv_ †j‡Lb, Ô†h ¸iæi AšÍ‡i †Q‡jgvbylwU ïwK‡q KvV n‡q‡Q wZwb †Q‡j‡`i fvi †bIqvi A‡hvM¨| Df‡qi g‡a¨ ïay mvgxc¨ bq, AvšÍwiK mvhyR¨ I mv`„k¨ _vKv PvB, bB‡j †`bv-cvIbvq bvoxi †hvM _v‡K bv|Õ Qv·`i m‡½ GB bvoxi †hvMwU wQj Awk¦bxKzgv‡ii| AvRxeb we`¨v `vb K‡i‡Qb, we`¨v weµq K‡ibwb †Kvbw`b| eªR‡gvnb K‡j‡R Zuvi `xN© cuwPk eQi Aa¨ÿZvi mgq wZwb †eZb †bbwb KL‡bv| Dciš‘ wZwb cuqwÎk nvRvi UvKv `vb K‡i wM‡q‡Qb K‡jR‡K| ZvQvov KZ Qv‡Îi †h †eZb RywM‡q‡Qb, wbR nv‡Z †mev K‡i‡Qb, eB I UvKv cqmv w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb, Zvi †jLv‡RvLv †bB| iex›`ªbv‡_i kvwšÍwb‡KZb †hgb Jcwblw`K Ave‡n wbwg©Z, †mLvbKvi Dcvmbvj‡qi †M‡U †hgb ÔAvb›`iƒcgg„Zs hwØfvwZÕ †jLv †`wL ev ÔwZwb Avgvi AvZ¥vi Avb›`Õ †hgb aªæec` wQj Zuvi, Awk¦bxKzgv‡iiI †Zgwb PvwjKvkw³ wQj, ÔmZ¨, †cÖg, cweÎZv|Õ Zuvi cÖ‡Z¨K wk‡l¨i g‡a¨ GB wZb ¸‡Yi Zvrch© I evZ©v wZwb RvwiZ K‡i w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Ges Zv GZ Mfxi mÂvix n‡qwQj †h Zv fve‡j wew¯§Z bv n‡q cviv hvq bv| ZvB GLvb †_‡K cvk Kiv †Kvb QvÎ †h mgv‡R kÖ×v I m¤§v‡bi cvÎ n‡e, †m †Zv ¯^Ztwm×| jv‡nvi †_‡K †MŠnvwU ch©šÍ Ggb †Kvb K‡jR wQj bv, †hLv‡b eªR‡gvnb K‡j‡Ri †Kvb bv †Kvb Qv·K Aa¨vcbv Ki‡Z †`Lv hvqwb| Awk¦bxKzgvi `‡Ëi RxebxKvi HwZnvwmK my‡i›`ªbv_ †mb wj‡L‡Qb, ÔmgMÖ ev½vjvq Ggb GKwU we`¨vjqI wQj bv, †hLv‡b eªR‡gvnb we`¨vj‡qi QvÎiv wkÿKZv K‡i bvB|Õ Ô†cÖgÕ bv‡g †h MÖš’wUi K_v Av‡M ejv n‡q‡Q, †m-eBwU wb‡q GKUz Av‡jvPbv Kiv Riæwi| G MÖ‡š’ ¯^‡`k‡cÖg, eÜzcÖxwZ, Ck¦i‡cÖg †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb bi-bvixi †cÖg wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| GB mvgwMÖK †cÖ‡gi e¨vwß †evSv‡Z wM‡q Awk¦bxKzgvi MÖš’wU‡Z †h-KÕwU wbkvbv‡K †cÖ‡gi ¯^iƒc wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb, †m¸wj nj, 1. Avb›`, 2. beZ¡, 3. wbZ¨Z¡, 4. D”PZ¡, 5. e¨vwßZ¡ Ges 6. ¯^v_©ivwnZ¨| e¯‘Z, Awk¦bxKzgv‡ii Rxe‡bi GB †cÖg wQj Zuvi RxebewZ©Kv hv wZwb Zuvi mvgwMÖK Rxe‡bi wewPÎ Kg©gywLbZvq mÂvi K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi ¯^‡`k wn‰ZlYv GB †cÖgRvZ, AvZ©Îv‡Y evievi

Zuvi gnZx f‚wgKvi wcQ‡bI i‡q‡Q GB †cÖg, A_v©r gvbecÖxwZ| B‡”Q Ki‡j wZwb ewikvj †Q‡o Av‡iv e„nËi gvbwP‡Î wb‡R‡K ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb wKš‘ ewikv‡ji cÖwZ cÖxwZekZB Zuvi †hŠe‡bi Dceb Avi eva©‡K¨i evivbmx n‡q iBj GB ewikvj| cÖL¨vZ †jLK (Ôgnvivóª RxebcÖfvZÕ, ÔivRcyZ RxebmܨvÕ, ÔThe Economic History of India’) I GK`v ewikv‡ji g¨vwR‡÷ªU i‡gkP›`ª `Ë Zuv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, bvg Ki‡Z PvB‡j †hb wZwb KjKvZvq evm K‡ib, Avi KvR Ki‡Z PvB‡j ewikv‡j| wb‡Ri †Rjv‡K nv‡Zi Zvjyi gZ wP‡b wb‡q ewikv‡j i‡q †M‡jb wZwb Avi ˆZwi Ki‡jb AMwYZ B¯úvZ, huv‡`i Kj¨v‡Y `yM©wZ †gvPb n‡qwQj A‡bKUv| †Kej QvÎivB bq, †`‡ki gbxlx I wkÿveªZxivI GB wbf©xK I AwšÍg ch©šÍ mZZvi cÖwZg~wZ© gvbylwU‡K kÖ×v Ki‡Zb| 1908G Awk¦bxKzgvi‡K †R‡j †h‡Z nq| GK eQi ev‡` Zuvi Kvivgyw³i cÖwZwµqv †Kgb wQj fwMbx wb‡ew`Zvi? cÖeªvwRKv gyw³cÖvYv Zuvi iwPZ, ÔfwMbx wb‡ew`ZvÕ MÖ‡š’ Rvbv‡”Qb, Ô†deªæqvwi gv‡m (1910) Awk¦bxKzgvi `Ë cÖf„wZ wbe©vwPZ bqRb †bZv gyw³jvf Ki‡jb| wb‡ew`Zvi †mw`b Kx Avb›`! we`¨vjq MÖš’vMv‡i gv½wjK Abyôv‡bi wPý¯^iƒc c~Y©Kz¤¢ I KjvMvQ ivLv nBj Ges Avb‡›`i w`b ewjqv we`¨vj‡q †g‡q‡`i QzwU †`Iqv nBj|Õ nu¨v, wVK GBfv‡eB GK we`¨v`vÎx Ab¨ GK we`¨v`vZv‡K †mw`b m¤§vb cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ‡jb| my‡i›`ªbv_ e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Zuvi m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Qb, ÔHe organized the whole district for the Swadeshi Movement| Ab¨w`‡K wecbP›`ª cvj Zuvi m¤ú‡K© kÖ×v cÖKvk K‡ib GKBfv‡e, ÔIn Aswini Kumar, we have a most convincing proof of the profound spirituality of the Nationalist Movement in Bengal.

my‡i›`ªbv_ Ges wewcbP›`ªÑ GKRb bigcš’x, Ab¨Rb Pigcš’x| wKš‘ `yÕR‡bB Awk¦bxKzgv‡ii cÖwZ mgvb kÖ×vebZ| HwZnvwmK W. mywgZ miKvi The Swadeshi Movement in Bangal MÖ‡š’ Zuvi m¤ú‡K© hv e‡j‡Qb, Zv ZR©gv Ki‡j `uvovq, ÔAwk¦bxKzgv‡ii e¨w³Z¡ Aiwe‡›`i gZ AwMœwkLvi ùzwj½ bv n‡jI wZwb †h MYwfwËK Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb Zvi bwRi ¯^‡`kx hy‡Mi Avi †Kvb †bZvi g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq bv|Õ Awk¦bxKzgvi wQ‡jb †ekwKQz MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv, Kg©‡hvM, fw³‡hvM, `y‡M©vrmeZË¡ BZ¨vw` MÖš’ QvovI †ek wKQz msMxZ iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| bvbv mg‡q †`Iqv Zuvi wKQz Bs‡iwR-evsjv fvlYI m¼wjZ n‡q‡Q| MÖš’Kviiƒ‡cI †h wZwb KZLvwb mv_©K wQ‡jb, Zuvi cÖgvY, ¯^qs ew¼gP›`ª Zuvi Ôfw³‡hvMÕ cvV K‡i wjL‡Qb, ÔAvgvi wek¦vm †h, Giƒc DrK…ó MÖš’ ev½vjv fvlvq m¤úªwZ †`wL bvB A_ev ev½vjv fvlvq AíB †`wLqvwQ|Õ w؇R›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii AwfgZ, ÔAvgvi aªæe wek¦vm †h, Avcbvi cy¯ÍK cv‡V Avevj-e„×-ewbZv mK‡jB we‡kl DcK…Z nB‡eb|Õ gbxlx ivRbvivqY emyI G MÖš’ cv‡V gy» n‡q bv e‡j cv‡ibwb| a‡g©i m¼xY©Zv bq, D`viZvi cwiPq †i‡L‡Qb †jLK, ivRbvivq‡Yi m‡šÍvl G-Rb¨, ÔZzwg †Kvb we‡kl m¤úª`v‡qi Rb¨ GB MÖš’ wjL bvB, mKj m¤úª`v‡qi Rb¨ wjwLqvQ, Bnv Avgvi we‡kl m‡šÍv‡li KviY nBqv‡Q|... Zzwg †hLv‡b Ck¦i †cÖ‡gi welq wjwLqvQ †mB mKj ¯’vb Ag„Z|Õ †ifv‡iÛ ÷c‡dvW© eªæ‡Ki gšÍe¨wU GKUz `xN©| Zey cÖvmw½K e‡j D×vi bv K‡i cviv †Mj bv, ÔSince I have read, I have been in another world than this noisy world of the west, where we spend our days in pursuing nothing which we think everything... the little stories which illustrate your points of thought and pratice are of great interest, and I am personally delighted with the quotations from the poets of India. The life of that great country is made clearer and nearer to me.

GKwUgvÎ MÖš’ wb‡q we`»R‡bi G mg¯Í cÖkw¯ÍevK¨ GK_vB cÖgvY K‡i, Awk¦bxKzgvi hw` †jLv‡jwL‡Z Av‡iv AwaK g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Zb, Zvn‡j Zuvi nvZ w`‡q Avgiv Av‡iv Av‡iv Ag„ZcÖwZg cÖm½

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1908-G wZwb †hw`b †MÖßvi n‡jb, ewikvjevmx AiÜb cvjb K‡iwQj| R‰bK wgwó we‡µZv `yÕw`b Dcevmx wQ‡jb| GKRb gymjgvb Zuvi gyw³ Kvgbvq igRvb gv‡mi †ivRv Av‡iv `kw`b cÖjw¤^Z K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi Zuvi Kvivev‡mi †PvÏ gvm GK eªvþY cÖwZw`b 108wU Zzjmx cvZv bvivqY‡K wb‡e`b Ki‡Zb| †c‡Z cviZvg| wKš‘ Zuvi Rxe‡bi GKwU cÖavb Ask e¨wqZ n‡q‡Q QvÎ MV‡b, Ges Zvi cvkvcvwk mgvR †mevq| ivR‰bwZK Kvh©Kjvc µgk †cQ‡b c‡o †M‡Q, hw`I Rxe‡bi †klw`b ch©šÍ fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZi m‡½ Kg‡ewk †hvM wQj Zuvi| 1917-†Z fMœ¯^v‡¯’¨i `iæb wZwb hLb Kvkxevm KiwQ‡jb, †m mgq Ks‡MÖ‡mi †ebvim Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| 1919 RvwjqvbIqvjvevM nZ¨vKv‡Ði cÖwZev‡` jvjv jvRcZ ivq‡K mfvcwZ K‡i KjKvZvq GK cÖwZev` mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb| MvÜx Ges †bZvRx myfvlP›`ª G‡mwQ‡jb ewikv‡ji evUv‡Rv‡o gnvZ¥v Awk¦bxKzgv‡ii m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z| QvÎeq‡m KjKvZvq ivgK…ò †`‡ei `wÿ‡Yk¦‡i †h GKvwaKevi wM‡q‡Qb, †mLv‡b b‡ib‡K †`L‡jI Avjvc n‡qwQj `xN©w`b ev‡` Avj‡gvovq, 1897-G| Ak¦v‡ivnx ¯^vgxRx‡K †`‡L wegy» Awk¦bxKzgvi| Zuv‡K Ô¯^vgxRxÕ m‡¤^vab Kivq ¯^vgxRx evav w`‡q e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†m wK? Avcbvi Kv‡Q Avwg K‡e ¯^vgx n‡q DVjvg, Avwg GLbI †mB GKB b‡i›`ª|Õ A_v©r ¯^vgxRxi K_vq 1885-i cÖwZaŸwb, †hw`b `wÿ‡Yk¦‡i ivgK…òmKv‡k `yÕR‡bi cÖ_g mvÿvr n‡qwQj| Gme wjwce× i‡q‡Q ¯^vgx Mv¤¢xivb›` cÖYxZ ÔhyMbvqK we‡eKvb›`Õ-G| Gici GB `yB gbxlxi †h K‡_vcK_b, †mLv‡b GK w`‡K †hgb †`wL ¯^vgxRxi Awk¦bxKzgvi m¤^‡Ü, Zuvi eZ©gvb wkÿv`vZviƒ‡c Kvh©Kjvc m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ Rvbv i‡q‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K G-`yR‡bi wkÿvfvebvi mgxcewZ©Zv| RvZxq Ks‡MÖm wb‡qI ¯^vgxRxi †ÿvf GLv‡b ¯úó| ÔAvcwb ej‡Z cv‡ib Ks‡MÖm Rbmvavi‡Yi Rb¨ G ch©šÍ Kx K‡i‡Q? Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib, †MvUvK‡qK cÖ¯Íve wb‡jB ¯^vaxbZv G‡m hv‡e?Õ Zvici wkÿv`k©b m¤ú‡K© ¯^vgxRxi Dw³ ÔAvcbvi Qv·`i PwiÎ eRª`„p K‡i M‡o Zzjyb| evOvwj hyeK‡`i nvo †_‡KB ˆZwi n‡e †m eRª hv fvi‡Zi `vmZ¡‡K P‚Y© Ki‡e|Õ Zvici wZwb Avb‡jb A”Qzr gywP †g_i‡`i K_v, AvR‡K hv‡`i eªvZ¨, `wjZ, Aci ejv nq, cvwifvwlKfv‡e wbgœeM©, mve-AjUvb©| ÔZv‡`i g‡a¨ ¯‹zj emvb, Avi Zv‡`i Mjvq ˆc‡Z Szwj‡q w`b|Õ ¯^vgxRxi †P‡q AvU eQi eq‡m eo Awk¦bxKzgvi, †R¨ô‡K Zey Dc‡`k w`‡”Qb! Z‡e Zv‡K †h Dc‡`k †`evi `iKvi K‡i bv, ¯^vgxRx Rvb‡Zb bv| †Mvcvj bv‡g GK †g_i‡K weôvi fvi gv_vq Ae¯’vq GKw`b Avwj½b K‡i †jvKPÿzi AšÍiv‡jB wZwb A¯ú„k¨Zvwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb| GK wkL `v‡ivqv‡bi ag©wek¦vm hv‡Z AvnZ bv nq, †mRb¨ Zuvi wbZ¨cvV¨ ÔMÖš’mv‡neÕ †i‡LwQ‡jb Mw` ˆZwi K‡i Zvi Ici| AÁvZKzjkxj GK gymjgvb iv¯Ívq i³ewg Ki‡Q, wb‡Ri wc‡V K‡i Zv‡K e‡q Avb‡jb wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q| eûiƒ‡c m¤§y‡L †c‡q fMevb‡K gvby‡li bvivqY‡K GBfv‡eB Awk¦bxKzgvi †mev K‡i †M‡Qb| msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb ewikv‡j| †mLvbKvi Rwgi AwaKvs‡ki gvwjK XvKvi beve| Zey 1905-Gi e½f‡½i `yiƒn j‡Mœ bev‡ei nv‡U hLb we‡jwZ `ªe¨ wgj‡Q, Awk¦bxKzgvi ûKzg †`b b`xi Aci cv‡i nvU emvevi| d‡j bev‡ei cyi‡bv nvU †µZvk~b¨| bev‡ei Kg©Pvixiv AevK| Zviv Rvb‡Z PvBj, ÔKx Avðh©! †Zvgiv gymjgvb! †Zvgiv GKUv wn›`yi ûKz‡g bev‡ei ûKzg Agvb¨ Ki!Õ DËi Gj, ÔAvc‡`-wec‡` Avgv‡`i Lei iv‡Lb evey| AvKv‡ji mg‡q ÿzavi Abœ cvVvBqv †`b wZwb| MÖv‡g IjvIVv jvwM‡j Jla I wPwKrmK cvVvBqv †`b wZwb| GZKvj †Zv KB bevemv‡ne Avgv‡`i myL-`yt‡Li †LuvR iv‡Lb bvB| AvR Zuvnvi ûKz‡g eveyi ey‡K

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25

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Rvbv-†evSv hvq bv| K_vq e‡j, cv‡q nuvUv Qvov ågY wm× nq bv; cÖwZ c`‡ÿ‡c f~wg‡K ¯úk© KivÑ †mwUB åg‡Yi †kÖô Dcjwä| cv P‡j Ges gb Zvi m‡½ KvR K‡i| MwZ hZ axi, wekÖv‡gi †Q` hZ †ewk, ågY ZZUvB mv_©K| hZ †ewk cwigvY †`Lv, ZZ †ewk `k©b| hZ Rvbv ZZ Ávb| MÖx®§ Avmbœ ZvB ZvcgvÎv µgk evo‡Q| eid Mj‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ GKckjv e„wó n‡q †M‡Q| e„wói †P‡q Kvk¥x‡ii Pvlxiv AvKv‡ki w`‡K †ewk †P‡q _v‡K Zzlvicv‡Zi Rb¨| AwZkq ZzlvicvZ gv‡bB dm‡ji cÖvPzh©| eid Mjv cvwb QzU‡Q bvjvq, cÖYvjvq Ges wSjvg, weZ¯Ív, kvLvwmÜzi wewfbœ Lvjwe‡j| GB cvwbB e¨eüZ n‡e dm‡ji Rb¨ †mP Kv‡R| cvnv‡o-gv‡V-MÖv‡g djevb Hk¦h© †hb Sjgj K‡i| ev‡m c_ Pj‡Z †Pv‡L c‡o MÖv‡g MÖv‡g wbixn, gš’i I wbwj©ß RxebhvÎv| avb cÖavb dmj| GQvovI Avev` nq fyÆv, mwilv, Kvswb, Avgvivš’| ÔKvswbÕ fv‡ZiB gZ| ÔAvgvivš’Õ AwZ my¯^v`y `vbv, Kvk¥xwiiv `yamn‡hv‡M Lvq| Kvk¥xwi cwÐZiv we‡kl K‡i GB¸wj †L‡q ÔGKv`kxÕ cvjb K‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡k †hgb KvDb nq| A‡bKUv †ZgbB| mwilv Avev` nq cÖPzi cwigv‡Y| Avgv‡`i D‡ovRvnvRwU kÖxbMi wegvb e›`‡i AeZi‡Yi mgq ivbI‡q duvKv bv cvIqvq `yÕevi P°i w`j 50 eM© wK‡jvwgUvie¨vcx Kvk¥xi DcZ¨Kvq| wegv‡bi K¨v‡Þb †NvlYv Ki‡jb, †h‡nZz ivbI‡q duvKv †bB, ZvB Avgiv Kvk¥xi f¨vwji Dci w`‡q P°i †`e| Avcbviv †mŠfvM¨evb, Avcbviv Kvk¥xi f¨vwji Aciƒc †mŠ›`h© Ae‡jvKb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wb‡Pi w`‡K bRi co‡ZB †`Ljvg gvVfwZ© njy` dz‡jfiv mwilv †LZ| ei‡d XvKv wLjvbgv‡M©i cvnvoP~ovq m~‡h©i wKiY c‡o iƒcvwj `y¨wZ Qovw”Qj| R¤§y I Kvk¥x‡ii MÖx®§Kvjxb ivRavbx kÖxbMi| kxZKv‡ji ivRavbx R¤§y| Wvj †jK Ges wSjvg b`x kÖxbM‡ii `yB ürwcÐ| 1768 wgUvi DuPz‡Z cÖvq 114 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi DcZ¨Kv Ry‡o †jK I evwMPvq my‡kvwfZ AvaywbK kni kÖxbMi| wSjvg b`xi DËi-cwðg GjvKvRy‡o kni| kni m¤úªmvwiZ n‡”Q wSjv‡gi `wÿY w`‡K| kn‡ii RbmsL¨v cÖvq 12 jvL| kÖxbMi‡K fi K‡iB ch©UK‡`i ågY ZvwjKv ˆZwi nq| m¤ªvU A‡kvK AvaywbK kn‡ii †MvovcËb K‡ib| kxZcÖavb Kvk¥x‡ii bvix-cyiæl mevB Avj‡Ljøv cwiavb K‡i| hv‡K ejv nq †dib| †dib D‡jb Kvc‡o ˆZwi nq| kÖxbM‡ii Ab¨Zg AvKl©Y Kvk¥ximy›`ix Wvj †jK| jvKzwZ Wvj, MvMwievj, eov WvjÑ G wZ‡bi mgš^‡q Wvj †jK| cv‡kB bvwMb| GwU Wv‡ji Ask n‡jI fvmgvb D`¨vb GwU‡K c„_K K‡i‡Q| Wv‡ji ˆ`N©¨ 6 wKwg Ges cÖ¯’ 3 wKwg| GB Wvj‡K wN‡iB M‡o D‡V‡Q ch©Ub we‡bv`‡bi Kvk¥xwi e¨e¯’v| Wv‡ji MfxiZv 5 †_‡K 25 dzU| AZx‡Z weªwUk‡`i Kvk¥xi f~L‡Ð ¯’vb †`Iqv nZ bv| ZLbB weªwUkiv cvwb‡Z evm Kivi Rb¨ eo eo †bŠKvq _vKZ| G¸‡jvi bvg ÔnvDR †evUÕ| 1888 mv‡j nvDR †ev‡Ui Rb¥| Wvj †j‡Ki Kvi‡YB kÖxbMi‡K cÖv‡P¨i †fwbm ejv nq| cv‡oi m‡½ ms‡hvM ivL‡Z †QvU †QvU †evU e¨eüZ nq| hvi bvg wkKviv| Wvj †j‡Ki Wvb cvo eivei A‡bK AvewmK †nv‡Uj| Wv‡ji `wÿ‡Y k¼ivPvh© Ges c~e©w`‡K nwi ce©Z †hb cÖnix n‡q `uvwo‡q

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Av‡Q| Avi cwð‡g weL¨vZ nhiZevj gmwR`| weªwUk‡`i †i‡L hvIqv nvDR‡evUB GLb ch©UK‡`i Ab¨Zg AvKl©Y| Kvk¥x‡ii kÖxbMi G‡m nvDR †ev‡U ivZ KvUv‡bvq åg‡Y ˆewP‡Î¨i ¯^v` †g‡j| nvDR †ev‡U ivZ bv KvUv‡j †hb Kvk¥xiågYB e„_v| wegvb e›`i †_‡K evm‡hv‡M Avgiv weKvj mv‡o PviUvq †cuŠQjvg kÖxbM‡ii †K›`ª¯’‡j Aew¯’Z my›`i cwi”Qbœ GKwU AvevwmK †nv‡U‡j| ev·-†cUiv †nv‡UjK‡ÿ †i‡L Pv-bv¯Ív K‡i wekÖvg| Avgvi K‡ÿ `šÍwekvi` Wv. g‡bvqvi-Dj AvRxR Ges exi gyw³‡hv×v †`Iqvb †gvdvKLvi †nv‡mb gvmyg| cv‡ki K‡ÿ Aveyj †nv‡mb Kvjy, BDbym Avjx Ges gÄy fvB| Avgv‡`i †nv‡UjK‡ÿi Rvbvjv w`‡q cvnvoP~ov †`Lv hvw”Qj| GwUi bvg nwi ce©Z| ce©‡Zi kx‡i 1586 mv‡j †gvMj m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii ˆZwi `yM©| 1812 mv‡j cvVvb kvmK AvÆv Lvb GwUi ms¯‹vi K‡ib| we‡K‡ji Pv-bv¯Ív †kl K‡iB GKwU ev‡m †P‡c `k©bxq ¯’v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv njvg| ZLbI Avgv‡`i `‡ji A‡b‡KB cieZ©x wegv‡b kÖxbM‡ii c‡_| Wvj †j‡Ki `wÿY cv‡o k¼ivPvh© cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k RInijvj †bniæ cv‡K©i GKvs‡k Bw›`iv MvÜx wUDwjc Mv‡W©b| evMv‡b cÖ‡ek Kijvg 50 iæwc‡Z wUwKU †K‡U| Wvj †j‡Ki MvMwievj As‡kB nvDR †ev‡U weªwUkiv RInijvj †bniæ‡K e›`x K‡i †i‡LwQj| mvwimvwi bvbv is‡qi wUDwjc dz‡U Av‡Q| cÖPzi `k©K| AvgivI †`Ljvg Ges Qwe IVvjvg| dm©v I DbœZbvmv †g`nxb `xNv©½x mykÖx Kvk¥xwiKb¨v‡`i †`Ljvg wUDwjc Mv‡W©‡b| cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv QvovI gv_vq ¯‹vd© Ges mv‡jvqvi KvwgR civ ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri QvÎxiv wkÿK‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ `j †eu‡a wUDwjc `k©‡b G‡m‡Q| wUDwjc evMvb †_‡K †ei n‡q hLb ev‡m DVjvg, m~h© A¯Í hv‡”Q| Wvj †j‡Ki `wÿY cvo-eivei moK a‡i †mvRv cwð‡g| cÖvq 15 wgwbU ciB Wvj †j‡Ki cwðg cv‡o 7 wKwg `~‡i Aew¯’Z Kvk¥x‡ii gymjgvb‡`i Kv‡Q cweÎ nhiZevj gmwR‡` †cuŠQjvg| GLv‡b msiwÿZ Av‡Q bex Kwig (mt)-Gi k¥kÖæ| †gvMj I Kvk¥xwi ¯’vc‡Z¨ wί͇ii Qv‡` m‡d` i‡Oi A‡Uvgvb ˆkjxi M¤^yR gv_vq wb‡q wekvj nhiZevj gmwR`| †gvMj m¤ªvU kvnRvnv‡bi mgq 1642 mv‡j GwU ˆZwi nq| c‡i ms¯‹vi Kiv nq gv‡e©j cv_‡i| gmwR‡`i wcQ‡bi w`KKvi cÖ‡ekc_wU cyi‡bv kn‡ii w`‡K †Lvjv| †mw`KUv Acwi”Qbœ, †`vKvbcvU I emwZc~Y©| GKwU K‡ÿ Kv‡Pi Avav‡i iwÿZ Av‡Q nhiZ (mt)-Gi †Kk †gveviK| GLv‡b emv‡bv n‡q‡Q mk¯¿ cywjkx †PŠwK| mßv‡n GKw`b ïµevi GwU `k©bv_x©‡`i Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv nq| 1963 mv‡j GB †Kk Pzwi n‡q hvq Ges djkÖæwZ‡Z 1964 mv‡j `v½v ev‡a KjKvZv, XvKv, †bvqvLvwj, Lyjbvmn wewfbœ ¯’v‡b| KÕw`b c‡i †K ev Kviv h_v¯’v‡b †Kk¸”Q †i‡L hvIqvq cwiw¯’wZ kvšÍ nq| Wvj †j‡Ki DËi cv‡ii moK c_ a‡i Avgiv †nv‡U‡j wdijvg| c‡_i av‡i †`Ljvg Kvk¥xi wek¦we`¨vjq, cÖ‡KŠkj gnvwe`¨vjq, †gwWK¨vj K‡jR BZ¨vw`| eoevRvi jvjP‡Ki †fZi w`‡q Avgv‡`i evm hLb AwZµg KiwQj ZLb ivZ mv‡o 8Uv, †`vKvbcvU eÜ n‡q hvw”Qj| ciw`b mKv‡j bv¯Ív K‡i mv‡o bqUvq †mvbvgv‡M©i D‡Ï‡k¨ Avgv‡`i hvÎv ïiæ nj| Bs‡iRiv D”PviY KiZ †mvbgvM©| GLb GB

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GjvKvi gvbylRbI †mvbgvM© e‡j _v‡K| `~iZ¡ 81 wKwg| kÖxbM‡ii DËi-c~e© w`‡Ki GB `k©bxq ¯’vb †mvbvgvM© 2740 wgUvi DuPz‡Z Aew¯’Z| Li‡¯ªvZv `vgvj wmÜz b`xi cvo eivei mvwimvwi dvi, cvBb Avi evP© e„ÿ †`L‡Z †`L‡Z †cuŠ‡Q †Mjvg MMb‡Mi| MMb‡Mi †_‡K †mvbvgv‡M©i `~iZ¡ 9 wKwg| evm †_‡K †mLv‡bB bvg‡Z nj Avgv‡`i, KviY evm cvnvwo c‡_ hv‡e bv| 9 wKwg c_ AwZµg K‡i †mvbvgv‡M© †h‡Z n‡e wR‡c| Rvbv †Mj GLv‡b ¯’vbxq RbmvaviY hviv ch©UK‡`i Ici wbf©©i K‡iB Rxeb-RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i, Zviv mw¤§wjZfv‡e wbqg K‡i wb‡q‡Qb evm †mvbvgvM© c‡_ hv‡e bv| GB c‡_ Zv‡`i wRc Pj‡e| wR‡c ch©UKiv hv‡e, Zv‡ZB Zv‡`i Avq-DcvR©b| †mvbvgvM© †_‡K KvwM©‡ji `~iZ¡ 119 wKwg| evjZvj 15 wKwg; ¸gwii `~iZ¡ 23 wKwg Ges `ªvm-Gi `~iZ¡ 62 wKwg| ei‡d XvKv ˆkjkni †jn&-i `~iZ¡ 345 wKwg| GB c‡_B gnvgwZ †MŠZgey× ga¨ Gwkqvq Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb| wn›`y‡`i cweÎ Zx_©f~wg Agibv_ †h‡Z nq G c‡_B| Pvicvk cvnvo †Niv, †mvbvwj Nv‡m XvKv †mvbvgvM©| cÖev` Av‡Q, GB DcZ¨Kvq †Kv_vqI GKwU K‚c Av‡Q hvi cvwbi i‡O ivOv GB DcZ¨Kv| GKvi‡YB bvg †mvbvgvM© A_v©r †mvbvwj evwMPv| ¯^v¯’¨Ki ¯’vb| RInijvj †bniæi wcÖq ¯’vb wQj †mvbvgvM©| †mvbvgv‡M© hvIqvi c‡_ Avgiv AwZµg Kijvg KsMb, ¸›`, IqvsMr cÖf…wZ Rbc`| †Pv‡L coj †glcvj| QvM‡ji †P‡q †fovi msL¨v †ewk| GLvbKvi †fovi †jR eo Ges kixi Nb †jv‡g XvKv| †fovi †jv‡g kxZe¯¿ ˆZwi nq| †jvg KvUv nq MÖx®§Kv‡j| mykÖx, †mŠg¨ I `xN©v½x ¯^v¯’¨Kvq evjK-evwjKviv msL¨vq wZbRb, PviRb ev ZviI †ewk jvwV nv‡Z gv‡Vi g‡a¨ †fovi `j‡K mvgjv‡”Q| Iiv ¸Ri m¤úª`v‡qi gymjgvb| I‡`i wbR¯^ fvlv ÔcwigyÕ| Agibv‡_i ¸nvq wkewj½wU wn›`y‡`i Kv‡Q gnvcweÎ c~Rbxq| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, ei‡d Av”Qvw`Z †dvqvivi g‡a¨ jywK‡q _vKv wkewj½wUi Avwe®‹viK wQj GKRb ¸Ri gymjgvb| †h‡nZz gymjgvb GwUi Avwe®‹viK ZvB GLv‡b cÖ‡ekvwaKv‡i gymjgvb‡`i evav †bB| †mvbvgv‡M©i GB c_wU AwZ cÖvPxb| wmÜz b`xi kvLv P›`ªfvMv GLv‡b wngvj‡qi `yB wekvj P~ov‡K ci¯úi †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i †i‡L‡Q| GKwUi bvg nigyL, AciwU †KvjvnB| `yB DËz½ wMwikx‡l©i wVK gvSLvb w`‡q cwðg †_‡K c~e©-DËiw`‡K c_ P‡j †M‡Q †mvbvgvM© n‡q †Rvwejvi w`‡K| Ab¨ c_wU †M‡Q cwðg †_‡K DËi wMwi‡jv‡Ki wfZi w`‡q| GB c‡_iB gvSc‡_ c‡o eo Rbc` wgwbgvM©| `ya©l© Ô`v`©Õ Ges ÔegevmÕ DcRvwZi emevm GLv‡b| hviv GLbI cÖkvmwbK k„•Ljvi Kv‡Q ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡iwb| GwU `vw`©¯’vb bv‡g cwiwPZ| KsMb †_‡K †mvbvgv‡M©i w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z _vK‡jB †evSv hvq c_ msKxY© n‡”Q| `yB w`K †_‡K wMwi‡kÖYx Mv‡q-Mv‡q G‡m jvM‡Q| †Lvjv gvV Avi †bB| Kvk¥x‡ii RMrcÖwm× mgZj DcZ¨Kv †mvbvgv‡M©i b`xcÖv‡šÍ G‡m †kl n‡q‡Q| cÖvq `yB nvRvi eM©gvB‡ji GB DcZ¨Kv| wKš‘ c„w_exi cigvðvh© GB †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q wPiKv‡ji AvKl©Yxq| †mvbvgvM© hvIqvi `yB wK‡jvwgUvi Av‡M DuPz gvjf~wgwUi bvg Ô_vhIqvRÕ| Aciƒc AviY¨K‡mŠ›`h© GB ¯’vbwUi| mye„nr wngevn M‡j b`xi m„wó K‡i‡Q _vhIqv‡R| `ycy‡ii Lvev‡ii e¨e¯’v MMb‡Mi-Gi †¯œv nvBUm& †i÷z‡i‡›U| Lvevi ci evB‡i G‡m `uvov‡ZB GKckjv e„wó| `yB cvnv‡oi ga¨ w`‡q kxZj evZvm G‡m SvcUv w`‡q AviI kxZ jvwM‡q w`j| Avgiv N‡i cÖ‡ek Kijvg| Avav NÈv ci evZvm Kgj| †iv` DVj| Avgiv †iv‡` `uvovjvg| cv‡ki †`vKv‡b kxZ e¯¿ †Kbv-KvUv Ki‡jb A‡b‡K| mvg‡bB cvnvo †_‡K cÖej †e‡M †b‡g Avmv cvwbi †¯ªvZaviv| Zvi Ici GKwU †mZz| †mZz cvi n‡q eidv”Qvw`Z cvnvo †`L‡Z †Nvovq P‡o `k©bv_©xiv P‡j‡Q| Avgvi m‡½ exi gyw³‡hv×v †gvnv¤§` BmgZ, g‡bvqvi AvRxR, Ave`ym meyi, iwk`yj nvmvb AvRg, Ave`yi ingvb, kvnxb ingvb, dwi` mbg †mZz cvi n‡q †`‡L G‡jb ei‡d XvKv cvnv‡oi wKQz Ask| bvbv i‡Oi cvnvwo dzj dz‡U Av‡Q cv_‡ii Mv‡q| Avgv‡`i mdim½x PUc‡U wK‡kvi AvwKe I Avwe` K¨v‡giv Pvwj‡q Avgv‡`i Qwe IVvw”Qj|

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w`‡q †ewi‡q G‡m‡Q Sbv©aviv| GB Sbv©i Rj g‡nŠlwai KvR K‡i Ggb wek¦vm A‡b‡Ki| mgqvfv‡e Avgv‡`i hvIqv nqwb †KvKibv‡M| c‡i KL‡bv my‡hvM n‡j A‡`Lv `k©bxq ¯’vbmg~n †`Lvi B”Qv iBj| wjWvi f¨vwj †ivW DV‡Q Dc‡ii w`‡K| Zvi `yB w`‡K Qwei gZ DcZ¨Kv †hb `yev©`jk¨vg| gv‡S gv‡S euv‡Ki gy‡L Avm‡Q wMwiLv`Ñ A‰_ bx‡P †hb P‡j‡Q ˆMwiKeYv© wjWvi b`x| kxZjgayi evZvm D‡V‡Q wMwi‡jv‡K| Acivý| †Nvov wb‡q P‡j‡Q Zvi mwnm| cvnvwo `yM©g c‡_ †NvovB GKgvÎ Aej¤^b| †Nvovq P‡o ch©UKiv `yM©g cvnv‡o Av‡ivnY K‡ib| wewbg‡q mwnm cvq A_©| GB A‡_©B Zvi msmvi P‡j| †Nvovi gvwj‡Ki A‡bK¸‡jv †Nvov _v‡K| GB †Nvov¸‡jvi hZœ ev †`Lfv‡ji Rb¨ i‡q‡Q mwnm| Iiv gRyi| Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q UvKv cvq| KvR ej‡Z cvnv‡o ch©UK‡`i `k©bxq ¯’v‡b wb‡q hvIqv| Gi wewbg‡q hv Avq nq †mUvB fvM-ev‡Uvqviv nq gvwjK-Kg©Pvwii g‡a¨| dvi e„‡ÿ QvIqv Zzlviv”Qvw`Z 12wU ˆkjwkL‡i †Niv †QvÆ cvnvwo kni c‡njMuvI| Aciƒcv c‡njMuvI iƒ‡c AZzjbxqv| c‡njMuvI A_v©r cqjv MuvI| KviY †RvwR-jv cvm †cwi‡q jv`vK n‡q Agibv_ w`‡q Kvk¥xi Avmvi c‡_ cqjv MuvI c‡o GB c‡njMuvI| c‡njMuvI †_‡K 5 wKwg `~‡i 150 wgUvi DuPz‡Z ˆekiY| hw`I GwU GLb Bs‡iR‡`i D”Pvi‡Y evBmib bv‡g cwiwPwZ †c‡q‡Q| cvB‡b QvIqv eidv”Qvw`Z evBmib‡K ejv nq wgwb myBRvij¨vÐ| Gi cv‡kB Zzwjqvb †jK| †Nvovq `yM©g Lvov cvnv‡o hLb AMÖmi n‡eb ZLb g‡b nq GB eywS c‡o †Mjvg| wb‡P cvnv‡oi Mfxi Lv‡`i w`‡K †PvL co‡j †Zv Mjv ïKv‡eB| we‡Kj †ejvÑ m~h©v¯Í †h‡Z ZL‡bv Avav NÈv euvwK| eidv”Qvw`Z cvn‡oi P~ovq m~h©wKiY c‡o GK Aciƒc `„‡k¨i m„wó n‡q‡Q| Avgiv K¨v‡givq Qwe Zzj‡Z e¨¯Í n‡q cojvg| GLv‡b kxZI †ek| †nv‡UjK‡ÿ cÖ‡e‡ki Av‡M mvg‡bi weivU evRv‡ii †`vKv‡b †KbvKvUv Ki‡jb Avgvi mdim½x‡`i A‡b‡KB| D‡jb e¯¿ GLv‡b †ek Kg `v‡g †g‡j| †nv‡U‡ji evB‡i †Lvjv RvqMvq åvg¨gvY †`vKvb e‡m‡Q| †`vKv‡bi cÖvq meB kxZe¯¿| Avgiv mK‡jB wKQz kxZ e¯¿ wKbjvg| evB‡i †Lvjv GKwU ¯’v‡b wRc Pvj‡Kiv GKwÎZ n‡q ÔKvIqvÕ cvb KiwQj| mvdivb (Rvdivb) KvIqv GLvbKvi GK ai‡bi cvbxq| hv Pv‡qi gZ Mig K‡i cvb Ki‡Z nq| Mv‡Qi cvZvi im, Rvdivb Ges AvL‡ivU-KvRy wgkÖ‡Y my¯^v`y cvbxq| Avgiv KvIqv cvb Kijvg Ges wKbjvg| c‡njMuvI †_‡K Agibv‡_i `~iZ¡ 48 wKwg| 3880 wgUvi DuPz‡Z wn›`y Zx_©¯’vb Agibv_| ei‡d ˆZwi wkewj½| eid R‡g R‡g wkewj½wU KL‡bv KL‡bv 8 dzU ch©šÍ DuPz nq| myKwVb, D¾¡j ei‡di GB wj½g~wZ©, iO Zvi Clr bxjvf| iv‡Z kx‡Zi ZxeªZv µgk evo‡Z _vKj| †nv‡UjK‡ÿ wnUvi Pj‡Q| Av‡Q †eW wnUviI| Mig cvwbi e¨e¯’v Kvk¥x‡ii me †nv‡U‡jB we`¨gvb| Avgiv ciw`b c‡njMuvI‡qi Av‡k-cv‡ki `k©bxq ¯’v‡b †Mjvg| †Nvovq mIqvi n‡q evBmib hvIqvi mvnm Avgvi bv n‡jI exi gyw³‡hv×v gvmyg fvB †M‡jb| wd‡i G‡m wZwb †h `yM©g Lvov cvnv‡o †Nvovq P‡o Ic‡i IVvi eY©bv w`‡jb †m-me ï‡bB Avgvi kixi wng

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n‡q Gj| Aek¨ Avd‡mvmI nj, bv wM‡q fyjB K‡iwQ| `ycy‡i Avgv‡`i LvIqvi e¨e¯’v evBmib †nv‡U‡j| we‡Kj PviUvq kÖxbM‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ evm QzUj| iv‡Z Avgv‡`i _vKvi e¨e¯’v Wvj †j‡Ki nvDR †ev‡U| Nv‡U evm _vgj| wkKvivq D‡V weivUvK…wZi nvDR †ev‡U DVjvg| Bs‡iR †K‡b_ mv‡n‡ei †bŠKv GLb n‡q‡Q nvDR †evU| 10 †_‡K 20 dzU cÖ¯’ Ges 80 †_‡K 120 dzU j¤^v| Kv‡c©‡U †gvov cwicvwU K‡i mvR‡bv †bŠKvi kqbKÿ| emevi Rb¨ WªBs iæg †ek mvRv‡bv-†MvQv‡bv| Pvicv‡k eviv›`vI Av‡Q| Qv‡` dz‡ji evMv‡b emevi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q| cÖvq †`o nvRvi nvDR †evU i‡q‡Q GB Wvj †j‡K| iv‡ZB nvDR †ev‡Ui Kv‡Q P‡j Gj wkKvivq fvmgvb †`vKvb| †QvU †QvU wkKvivq me ai‡bi wbZ¨cY¨ wb‡q nvwRi bvix-cyiæl †`vKvb`vi| iv‡Z nvDR †ev‡U Lvev‡ii ci wb`ªv| mKv‡j AveviI wkKvivq †`vKvb wb‡q cY¨ †eP‡Z Gj †ek K‡qKRb| Kvk¥xi åg‡Y nvDR †ev‡U ivwÎhvc‡b ˆewP‡Î¨i ¯^v` †g‡j| GKvi‡Y hvivB kÖxbMi Av‡mb, GKiv‡Zi Rb¨ n‡jI Wvj †j‡K nvDR †ev‡U ivwÎhvcb K‡ib| evsjv‡`k m¤ú‡K© Kvk¥x‡ii gvby‡li aviYv Av‡Q e‡U, Z‡e Zv ¯úó bv| Zviv Rv‡b cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K Avgv‡`i Avjv`v K‡i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q lohš¿ K‡i| U¨vsgvM©, kÖxbMi, cvgcyi, †mvbvgvM© Ges c‡njMuvI‡q K‡qKRb wkwÿZ hye‡Ki m‡½ K_v e‡j ZvB g‡b nj| Avgiv hLb Zv‡`i ejjvg cÖK…Z NUbv; wK Kvi‡Y Avgiv ¯^vaxbZv hy× K‡iwQ, ZLb Zviv eySj| Zviv AevK nj, hLb Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Rvbj, cvwK¯Ívbx †mbv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii K_v, ZLb Zviv N„Yv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q cvwK¯Ívbx‡`i cÖwZ| gymwjg n‡qI cvwK¯Ívbx ˆmb¨iv evsjv‡`‡ki gymjgvb‡`i Dci Ryjyg K‡i‡Q, evwo Ni-†`vKvbcvU Av¸b w`‡q cywo‡q w`‡q‡Q, gv-†evb‡K al©Y K‡i‡Q, wbi¯¿ wbixn gvbyl‡K wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Gme ï‡b Iiv cvwK¯Ívbx‡`i wb›`v Kij Ges ejj, Zviv Gm‡ei wKQzB Rv‡b bv| evsjv‡`kx wµ‡KU`‡ji f³ ¯‹zj- K‡j‡Ri QvÎ, †`vKvb`vi, †nv‡Uj Kg©Pvwi, wRc I ev‡mi PvjK-mnKvix, GgbwK †Nvovi mwnmI| Iiv mvwKe Avj nvmvb, Zvwgg BKevj, gykwdKzi iwng, †gv¯ÍvwdRmn me †L‡jvqv‡oi bvg Rv‡b Ges Zv‡`i f³| Kvk¥xwi hye‡Kiv fw³-kÖ×vi m‡½ evsjv‡`kx wµ‡KUvi‡`i bvg D”PviY KiwQj| Kvk¥x‡i †hLv‡bB Avgiv Nyijvg me©ÎB †Rvi`vi wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †Pv‡L coj| wbivcËvq KovKwo Av‡Q, evovevwo †bB| cvnvo Ges mgZ‡j mkÖ¯¿ cvnviv †PŠwK bR‡i Gj| ev‡m `xN© moKc‡_ hLb Avgv‡`i evm PjwQj Wv‡b-ev‡g jÿ¨ Kijvg dm‡ji †L‡Z, †`vKvb I evwoi Qv‡`, cwiLvi g‡a¨ Ges MvQ ev R½‡ji Avov‡j mk¯¿ wbivcËv evwnwbi †Rvqvb‡`i Zxÿè `„wó| åvg¨gvY cywj‡ki Unj kn‡i Ges cÖZ¨šÍ MÖvgv‡j| mv`v †cvkv‡K wbivcËv evwnwbi m`m¨‡`i Kov bRi`vwi †Pv‡L coj `yM©g cvnv‡o| †h‡nZz ch©UbB Kvk¥x‡ii Ab¨Zg Av‡qi Drm ZvB ch©UK‡`i wbivcËvi e¨vcv‡i miKvi ev cÖkvmb h‡_ó mRvM e‡jB g‡b nj| 31 gvP© mKv‡j Avgiv wKQz †KbvKvUv K‡i ev‡m DVjvg kÖxbMi wegvb e›`‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨| wegvb e›`i hvIqvi GK wK‡jvwgUvi Av‡MB †PK †cv‡÷ mKj e¨vM (GgbwK nvZ e¨vMI) AvaywbK h‡š¿ cixÿvwbixÿv nj| Gi ci AveviI kÖxbMi wegvb e›`‡i Zjøvkx nj mevi ev·-†cUiv| ivZ mv‡o bÕUvq Avgiv KjKvZvq †cuŠQjvg w`wjø n‡q| `yÕw`b KjKvZvq †KbvKvUv I †eov‡bvi ci ¯^‡`‡ki c‡_ †ebv‡cvj mxgv‡šÍ hLb †cuŠQjvg ZLb `ycyi| nvweeyi ingvb ¯^cb mvsevw`K, †jLK

¯§iY

weÁvbx m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ emy fviZxq evOvwj c`v_©weÁvbx m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ emyi Rb¥ KjKvZvq 1894 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi| Zuvi M‡elYvi †¶Î wQj MvwYwZK c`v_©we`¨v| m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ emy AvjevU© AvBb÷vB‡bi m‡½ †hŠ_fv‡e †evm-AvBb÷vBb cwimsL¨vb cÖ`vb K‡ib, hv c`v_©weÁv‡bi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Avwe®‹vi e‡j we‡ewPZ nq| QvÎRxe‡b AZ¨šÍ †gavex m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ Kg©Rxe‡b m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb e„nËi evsjvi wZb †kÖô wk¶vqZb KjKvZv, XvKv I wek¦fviZx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi m‡½| mvwbœa¨ †c‡q‡Qb iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, cÖdzjøP›`ª ivq, gv`vg Kzix cÖgyL gbxlxi| Avevi Abykxjb mwgwZi m‡½ cÖZ¨¶ m¤úK© I ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi mk¯¿ wecøex‡`i m‡½ †Mvc‡b †hvMv‡hvMI ivL‡Zb †`keªZx m‡Z¨›`ªbv_| m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ ïaygvÎ evsjvq weÁvbPP©vi cÖej mg_©KB wQ‡jb bv, mvivRxeb a‡i wZwb evsjvq weÁvbPP©vi avivwU‡KI cyó K‡i †M‡Qb| GB cÖm‡½ Zvui Agi Dw³, Ôhuviv e‡jb evsjv fvlvq weÁvb PP©v nq bv, Zuviv nq evsjv Rv‡bb bv, bq weÁvb †ev‡Sb bv|Õ evsjvq weÁvbPP©vi cÖmv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ weÁvb cwiPq bv‡g GKwU cwÎKvI cÖKvk K‡ib wZwb| e¨w³Rxe‡b m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ wQ‡jb wbijm, Kg©V I gvbe`i`x gbxlx| weÁv‡bi cvkvcvwk msMxZ I mvwn‡Z¨I wQj Zuvi AvšÍwiK AvMÖn I we‡kl cÖxwZ| iex›`ªbv_ Zuv‡K wb‡Ri wek¦cwiPq weÁvb MÖš’, Abœ`vk¼i ivq Zvui Rvcv‡b ågY iPbv I myax›`ªbv_ `Ë Zuvi A‡K©÷ªv Kve¨MÖš’ DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb| DËi KjKvZvi †Mvqv evMvb A‡j ¯‹wUk PvP© K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹y‡ji cv‡k 22 b¤^i Ck¦i wgÎ †j‡b m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi cwiev‡ii Avw` wbevm 24 ciMYvi Kuv‡ovcvovi wbKUeZ©x e‡ov Rv¸wjqv MÖv‡g| Zuvi evev my‡i›`ªbv_ emy wQ‡jb c~e© fviZxq †ijI‡qi wnmve i¶K Ges gv Av‡gvw`bx †`ex wQ‡jb Avwjcy‡ii L¨vZbvgv e¨enviRxex gwZjvj ivq‡PŠayixi Kb¨v| m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ wQ‡jb mvZ fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨ mevi eo| †deªæqvwi 2018

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m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ emyi wk¶vRxeb ïiæ nq bg©vj ¯‹z‡j| c‡i evwoi mwbœK‡U wbD BwÛqvb ¯‹y‡j fwZ© nb| Gici wZwb wn›`y ¯‹y‡j G›UªvÝ K¬v‡k fwZ© nb| †mLvb †_‡K 1909 mv‡j G›UªvÝ cix¶vq cÂg ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| Zvici fwZ© nb †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡j‡R| 1911 mv‡j AvB Gm wm cvk K‡ib cÖ_g n‡q| GB K‡j‡R wZwb mvwbœ‡a¨ Av‡mb AvPvh© RM`xkP›`ª emy Ges AvPvh© cÖdzjøP›`ª iv‡qi gZb hk¯^x Aa¨vcK‡`i| 1913 mv‡j cÖ_g †kÖYx‡Z cÖ_g n‡q mœvZK Ges 1915 mv‡j GKB djvd‡j wgkÖ MwY‡Z mœvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| K…wZ‡Z¡i m‡½ wkÿvRxeb †kl K‡i 1915 mv‡j m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ m¨vi Avï‡Zvl gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi m`¨ cÖwZwôZ KjKvZv weÁvb K‡j‡R cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| †mLv‡b wZwb weÁvbx †gNbv` mvnvi m‡½ wgkÖ MwYZ I c`v_©weÁvb wel‡q M‡elYv ïiæ K‡ib| 1921 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZwôZ n‡j wZwb †mLv‡b c`v_©weÁvb wefv‡M wiWvi wnmv‡e †hvM †`b| 1924 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q wk¶KZvKvjxb emy cø¨v‡¼i †Kvqv›Uvg †ZRw¯ŒqZv bxwZ K¬vwmK¨vj c`v_©weÁv‡bi mvnvh¨ QvovB cÖwZcv`b K‡i GKwU M‡elYv cÖeÜ iPbv K‡ib Ges m`„k KYvi mvnv‡h¨ `kvi msL¨v MYbvi GKwU PgrKvi Dcvq D™¢veb K‡ib| wbeÜwU wQj †gŠwjK Ges †Kvqv›Uvg cwimsL¨v‡bi wfwË iPbvKvix| cÖeÜwU cÖKvk Kievi cÖv_wgK cÖ‡Póvq e¨_© n‡q emy Zv mivmwi AvjevU© AvBb÷vB‡bi Kv‡Q cvwV‡q †`b, whwb cÖeÜwUi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb K‡i wb‡RB Zv Rvg©vb fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib Ges emyi c‡¶ Zv Zeitschrift für Physik mvgwqKx‡Z cÖKv‡ki D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| G ¯^xK…wZi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z emy fvi‡Zi evB‡i M‡elYvi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib Ges `yÕeQi BD‡iv‡c Ae¯’vb K‡i jyB wW eªMwj, †gwi Kywi, Ges AvBb÷vB‡bi m‡½ KvR Kivi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib| 1927 mv‡j BD‡ivc mdi †k‡l wZwb XvKvq wd‡i Av‡mb| wZwb Aa¨vcK c‡` DbœxZ nb I c`v_©weÁvb wefv‡Mi wefvMxq cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡ jvf K‡ib| emy 1945 mvj ch©šÍ XvKvq Ae¯’vb K‡ib Ges †`kwefvM Avmbœ n‡j wZwb KjKvZvq wd‡i hvb Ges KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c`v_©weÁvb wefv‡M Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| 1956 mv‡j †mLvb †_‡K Aemi MÖn‡Yi ci KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K G‡gwiUvm Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM K‡i| fviZ miKv‡ii Avgš¿‡Y wZwb wek¦fviZx‡Z DcvPvh© wnmv‡e †hvM †`b Ges 1956 †_‡K 1958 wLª÷vã ch©šÍ G `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| fviZ miKvi Zuv‡K RvZxq Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e wbhy³ K‡ib 1959 mv‡j|

†evm-AvBb÷vBb msL¨vZË¡

XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q emy ZË¡xq c`v_© weÁvb I G·‡i wµ÷v‡jvMÖvwdi Ici KvR ïiæ K‡ib| GQvov wZwb †kÖYxK‡¶ †Kvqv›Uvg ejwe`¨v cov‡Zb| K¬v‡m GKw`b Av‡jvK Zwor wµqv I AwZ‡e¸wb wech©q cov‡bvi mgq wZwb wk¶v_©x‡`i eZ©gvb Z‡Ë¡i `ye©jZv †evSv‡Z GB Z‡Ë¡i m‡½ cix¶vjä djvd‡ji e¨Z¨q Zy‡j a‡ib| †m mgq wZwb H ZË¡ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z wM‡q GKwU fyj K‡ib| c‡i †`Lv hvq Zvi H fy‡ji d‡j cix¶vi m‡½ Z‡Ë¡i Abygvb wg‡j hv‡”Q! (emy c‡i Zvi Hw`‡bi †jKPviwU GKwU †QvU wbeÜ AvKv‡i Planck’s Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta bv‡g cÖKvk K‡ib|) Zvi GB fyjwU‡K cwimsL¨v‡bi GKwU D`vniY w`‡q ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| `yBwU fvj gy`ªv‡K hw` wbwe©Pv‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, Zvn‡j GK-Z…Zxqvsk evi `yB †nW co‡eÑ Ggb Abygvb ¯^fveZB fyj| wVK Ggb GKwU fyj wZwb K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ djvdjUv Ggb nj †h Zv wgj †L‡q †Mj cix¶vi m‡½| Zv‡Z wZwb fve‡jbÑ GB fyj fyj bq| cÖ_gev‡ii gZ Zvi g‡b nj g¨v·I‡qj †evjrRg¨v‡bi msL¨vZË¡ AvYyex¶wYK KYvi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| KviY †mLv‡b nvB‡Rbev‡M©i AwbðqZv ZË¡-i Kvi‡Y KYvi †h Av‡›`vjb Zv MÖvn¨ mxgvi g‡a¨| Kv‡RB wZwb KYvi fi‡eM I Ae¯’v‡bi e¨vcviwU ev` w`‡q `kv-Kv‡j KYvi cÖvc¨Zv wb‡`©k Ki‡jb| GwU `uvovq cø¨v‡¼i aªæe‡Ki Nbgvb (h³)|

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†deªæqvwi 2018

c`v_©weÁv‡bi wek¦L¨vZ Rvb©vj Physics journals emyi H cÖeÜ cÖKv‡k A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| Zviv a‡i †bq †h, H fzj, fzjB; bZzb †Kvb wKQz bq| nZvk n‡q emy weÁvbx AvBb÷vB‡bi Kv‡Q Zv wj‡L cvVvb| AvBb÷vBb e¨vcviUv eyS‡Z cv‡ib Ges wb‡RB GKwU cÖeÜ wj‡L †d‡jb Ges emyi wbeÜwU Rvg©vb fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib| Gici Zvi I emyi wbeÜ `yBwU Rvg©vwbi Zeitschrift für Physik mvgwqKx‡Z cÖKvwkZ nq| NUbvwU N‡U 1924 mv‡j| emyi ÔfyjÕ mwVK djvdj †`Iqvi KviY nj GKwU †dvUb‡K Avi GKwU †dvUb †_‡K Avjv`v Kiv gykwKj| ZvB `yBwU †dvU‡bi GK`g GKB kw³ fvevUv wVK bq| Kv‡RB `yBwU gy`ªvi GKwU †dvUb Av‡iKwU †evmb nq Z‡e `yBwU †nW nIqvi m¤¢vebv wZ‡bi-GK n‡e| emyi fyj GLb †evm-AvBb÷vBb msL¨vZË¡ bv‡g cwiwPZ| AvBb÷vBb GB aviYvwU MÖnY K‡i Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jb cigvYy‡Z| GB †_‡K cvIqv †Mj bZyb cÖc hv GLb †evm-AvBb÷vBb Kb‡Wb‡mU bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU Avm‡j †evmb KYvi GKwU Nbxf~Z my¨c| 1995 mv‡j GK cix¶vq GwUi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| Avi wek¦RM‡Zi †h KYv¸‡jvi w¯úb c~Y©msL¨v emyi bv‡g cj wWivK Zvi bvgKiY K‡ib †evmb KYv|

†evm I †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi

emy-AvBb÷vBb cwimsL¨vb, emy-AvBb÷vBb Nbxfeb, †evm‡bi Dci M‡elYv K‡i 1984 mv‡j c`v_©weÁv‡b †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib Carlo Rubbia Ges Simon van der Meer, 1996 mv‡j David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson, 1999 mv‡j Martinus J. G. Veltman I Gerardus ’t Hooft, 2001 mv‡j Eric Allin Cornell, Carl Edwin Wieman Ges Wolfgang Ketterle, wKš‘ `yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e †evm‡K †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Kiv nqwb| Zv‡`i †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi †`Iqvi KviY m¤ú‡K© ejv nq, for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates.

W. RqšÍweòy bviwjKi Zuvi m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, “S. N. BoseÕs work on particle statistics (c. 1922), which clarified the behaviour of photons (the particles of light in an enclosure) and opened the door to new ideas on statistics of Microsystems that obey the rules of quantum theory, was one of the top ten achievements of 20th century Indian science and could be considered in the Nobel Prize class.” m‡Z¨b emy 1929 mv‡j fviZxq weÁvb Ks‡MÖ‡mi c`v_© weÁvb kvLvi mfvcwZ Ges 1944mv‡j weÁvb Ks‡MÖ‡mi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| 1958 mv‡j wZwb jÛ‡bi i‡qj †mvmvBwUi †d‡jv nb| BwÛqvb ÷¨vwUw÷K¨vj Bbw÷wUDU, KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq, Gjvnvev` wek¦we`¨vjq I hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K m¤§vbm~PK W±‡iU wWwMÖ cÖ`vb K‡i| 1959 mv‡j fviZ miKvi Zuv‡K RvZxq Aa¨vcK c‡` g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| wek¦fviZx wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K †`wk‡KvËg Ges fviZ miKvi cÙwef~lY Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡i| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Zuvi bv‡g m‡Z¨b emy Aa¨vcK (Bose Professor) c` i‡q‡Q| 1986 mv‡j KjKvZv kn‡i Zuvi bv‡g m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ emy RvZxq †gŠwjK weÁvb †K›`ª bv‡g M‡elYv †K›`ª ¯’vwcZ nq| evsjv fvlvq weÁvb PP©vi †¶‡Î Zvi Ag~j¨ Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ KjKvZvq 1948 mv‡j e½xq weÁvb cwil` MwVZ nq| GB cwil‡`i gyLcvÎ wn‡m‡e evsjvfvlvq weÁvb cwÎKv Ávb I weÁvb cÖKvwkZ nq| 1963 mv‡j Ávb I weÁvb-G †KejgvÎ †gŠwjK M‡elYv wbeÜ wb‡q ÔivR‡kLi emy msL¨vÕ cÖKvk K‡i wZwb †`Lvb, evsjv fvlvq weÁv‡bi †gŠwjK wbeÜ iPbv m¤¢e| 1974 mv‡ji 4 †deªæqvwi GB ÿYRb¥v weÁvbx KjKvZvq g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| msKwjZ

wkÿv

evsjv‡`kx wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ fviZ miKv‡ii ¯‹jviwkcmg~n cÖwZ eQi XvKv¯’ fviZxq nvB Kwgkb fviZ I evsjv‡`‡k cov‡jLvi Rb¨ wewfbœ w¯‹‡g evsjv‡`‡ki wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ wecyjmsL¨K ¯‹jviwkc cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| G¸wj wb¤œiƒc:

mvK© ¯‹jviwkc w¯‹g

G w¯‹‡gi AvIZvq AvBwmwmAvi ¯œvZK/ ¯œvZ‡KvËi/ Gg wdj/ wcGBPwW (†gwWwmb Qvov) †Kv‡m© ¯‹jviwkc cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

KgbI‡qj_ ¯‹jviwkc w¯‹g

G w¯‹‡gi AvIZvq AvBwmwmAvi ¯œvZK/¯œvZ‡KvËi/Gg wdj/wcGBPwW/†cv÷ W±ivj †Kv‡m© (†gwWwmb Qvov) ¯‹jviwkc cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| Dc‡iv³ K-N w¯‹g¸wji Rb¨ mvaviYZ wW‡m¤^i-Rvbyqvwi gv‡m evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb msev`c‡Î weÁvcb `v‡bi gva¨‡g `iLv¯Í AvnŸvb Kiv nq| AvMÖnx cÖv_©xiv Av‡iv Z‡_¨i Rb¨ XvKv¯’ fviZxq nvB Kwgk‡bi I‡qemvBU wfwRU Ki‡Z cv‡ib: www.hcidhaka.gov.in

Avqyk ¯‹jviwkc w¯‹g

1. AvBwmwmAvi ¯‹jviwkcmg~n

BwÛqvb KvDwÝj di KvjPvivj wi‡jmÝ (AvBwmwmAvi) fvi‡Zi wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkÿv †Kvm© MÖn‡Y wb‡¤œv³ ¯‹jviwkcmg~n cÖ`vb K‡i: K. BwÛqv ¯‹jviwkc w¯‹g; L. evsjv‡`k ¯‹jviwkc w¯‹g; M. mvK© ¯‹jviwkc w¯‹g; N. KgbI‡qj_ ¯‹jviwkc w¯‹g; Ges O. Avqyk ¯‹jviwkc w¯‹g|

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evsjv‡`k ¯‹jviwkc w¯‹g

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GK wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ N‡i Xz‡K †Pv‡Li KvRj, †Vuv‡Ui is wVKVvK Av‡Q wKbv †`‡L wb‡q cv‡q cv‡q eo Mwji w`‡K GwM‡q †Mj| euv‡Ki gy‡L G‡m fvej GLv‡bB `uvov‡bv hvK, GLvb †_‡K wZbw`‡KB bRi ivLv hv‡e| Mwji euv‡Ki gy‡L j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i Mv‡q †njvb w`‡q `uvwo‡q †Mj Kj¨vYx| †jvK †`Lv‡bv evnvbvgvÎ| mewKQz †`‡Lï‡b Kj¨vYx eviK‡qK †Póv K‡iwQj GLvb †_‡K cvwj‡q †h‡Z| wKš‘ †m †Póv mdj nqwb, gvSLvb †_‡K aiv c‡o wM‡q Kcv‡j Ry‡UwQj †e`g gvi| Gic‡iI Kj¨vYx wKš‘ †_‡g _v‡Kwb| Kwcjv bv‡gi GKUv †bcvjx †g‡qi mvnv‡h¨ IB biK †_‡K cvjvevi e¨e¯’v cvKv K‡iwQj| KwcjvB KvjxNv‡Ui GB ew¯Íi mÜvb w`‡q e‡jwQjÑ ÔILv‡b †M‡j myKzgvi †Zvi wUwKI Qyu‡Z cvi‡e bv, KviY myKzgvi fvj K‡iB Rv‡b ILv‡b †M‡j I‡K Avi R¨všÍ wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡e bv| Kj¨vYx wKš‘ †gvwgbcyi ew¯Í †_‡K †ewi‡q KvjxNv‡U bv wM‡q †mvRv wb‡R‡`i evwo‡Z wM‡q D‡VwQj| `yÕeQi ci wb‡Ri †g‡q‡K †`‡L wkebv_ Ab¨w`‡K gyL Nywi‡q h‡_ó iæ²fv‡eB e‡jwQjÑ Kx PvB? †Kb G‡mQ GLv‡b? `~i n‡q hvI Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †_‡K| Avwg †Zvgvi gyL †`L‡Z PvB bv| A‡bK KvbœvKvwU A‡bK †Pv‡Li R‡jI wkebv‡_i gb M‡jwb| wkebv‡_i GK K_v, AvR †_‡K `yÕeQi Av‡M Avgvi †g‡q g‡i †M‡Q| `v`v‡`iI GK K_vÑ †Zv‡K evwo‡Z RvqMv w`‡j cvovq Avgiv gyL †`Lv‡Z cvie bv| ZzB wK Kwim, †Kv_vq _vwKm, myKzgvi †m-me K_v cvovq djvI K‡i mevi Kv‡Q e‡j †M‡Q| Gic‡iI evwo‡Z †Zv‡K RvqMv †`evi K_v Avgiv fve‡ZB cvwi bv| Nvo av°v †`evi Av‡M wb‡R †_‡KB we‡`q n‡q hv| Kj¨vYx ey‡S wM‡qwQj c„w_ex‡Z Ii GKUv bZzb cwiwPwZ n‡q †M‡Q| nvRvi PvB‡jBI Avi wd‡i Avmvi Dcvq †bB| AvcbR‡bi †Pbv `iRv wPiw`‡bi gZ eÜ n‡q †M‡Q| ZvB ¸wU¸wU KvjxNv‡U cy®úgvwmi QvZvi Zjvq wd‡i G‡mwQj| ZvI cÖvq QÕgvm n‡Z Pjj... †L‡q c‡i GiKg PjwQj, wKš‘ Ggb `ytmgq KL‡bv Av‡mwb| GZÿY Kj¨vYx †hb GKUv †Nv‡ii g‡a¨ wQj| nVvr K‡i cy®úgvwmi ûuwkqvwii K_v g‡b co‡ZB Mv-Svov w`‡q D‡V `uvovjÑ bvn&, Gfv‡e N‡ii `vIqvq e‡m _vK‡j Pj‡e bv| evwo e‡q †KD‡Zv Avi cqmv w`‡q hv‡e bv| Kvj cy®úgvwm‡K hw` AšÍZ `yÕw`‡bi fvovUvI wgwU‡q †`Iqv hvq!

GLv‡b GB KvbvMwj‡Z e‡m wKQz n‡e bv| bZzb L‡Ïi wb‡R †_‡K †KD Avm‡e e‡j g‡b nq bv| eo MwjUv‡Z wM‡q `uvov‡Z n‡e| GK wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ N‡i Xz‡K †Pv‡Li KvRj, †Vuv‡Ui is wVKVvK Av‡Q wKbv †`‡L wb‡q cv‡q cv‡q eo Mwji w`‡K GwM‡q †Mj| euv‡Ki gy‡L G‡m fvej GLv‡bB `uvov‡bv hvK, GLvb †_‡K wZbw`‡KB bRi ivLv hv‡e| Mwji euv‡Ki gy‡L j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i Mv‡q †njvb w`‡q `uvwo‡q †Mj Kj¨vYx| j¨v¤ú‡cv÷ GKUv Av‡Q wVKB wKš‘ Av‡jv GZ Kg †h c_ PjwZ gvbylUv‡K †`Lv hvq wVKB wKš‘ Zvi gyLUv ¯úó †evSv hvq bv| g‡b nq B‡”Q K‡iB GLv‡b Kg cvIqv‡i evj¦ jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G cvovq Avmvi ci †_‡K Kj¨vYx‡K L‡Ïi ai‡Z Gfv‡e iv¯Ívq G‡m `uvov‡Z nqwb... kvjv G‡KB e‡j †c‡Ui R¡vjv| `yÕPviRb eo Mwj †Q‡o †QvU Mwj‡Z XzKj wVKB Z‡e Giv me †gvnbx, Zzjmx dwZgv‡`i euvav evey| GLv‡b bvK-Mjv‡bv hv‡e bv| Kj¨vYx G cvovq bZzb ZvB GL‡bv euvavevey nqwb| DošÍ L‡ÏiB fimv| wKš‘ njUv wK AvaNÈvi †ewk n‡q †Mj GKUv gvKomviI †`Lv †bB! Z‡e wK me

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†jv‡K †Zvgvi w`‡K AvOzj Zzj‡e, †Zvgvi Am¤§vb n‡e| ZzB †Zv Rvwbm Avwg Kv‡iv Av½yj †Zvjvi c‡ivqv Kwi bv, ZvQvov ZzB AvkÖ‡qi K_v ejwQm †Kb gv, IUv †Zv †ZviB evwo| Avgvi Avi †K Av‡Q ej, AvwgB-ev Avi KÕw`b? Avgvi hv wKQz Av‡Q, me †Zv †ZviB| †Zv‡K m‡½ bv wb‡q Avwg evwo wdie bv| IB cPv Mwj‡Z †Zv‡K wKQz‡ZB †h‡Z †`e bv| Pj‡Z Pj‡Z †`eviwZ nVvr K‡i _g‡K `uvwo‡q †Mj| †RVz e¨¯Í n‡q ejjÑ wK nj `uvwo‡q †Mwj †Kb, `uvovevi †Kvb RvqMv †bB, GLb †_‡K †Zvi GwM‡q Pjvi ïiæ| †`eviwZi gy‡L †Kvb K_v †bB, Pzc K‡i wKQz GKUv †f‡e P‡j‡Q| GKUv cÖvq Lvwj Uªvg wUswUs K‡i NÈv evwR‡q KvjxNvU weª‡Ri w`‡K P‡j †Mj| †RVz Avevi ejjÑ wK fvewQm †`ev| fvewQ Avgvi †evKvwgi K_v| Av‡M †h †Kb †Zvgvi m‡½ †`Lv Kwiwb? wKš‘ †RVz Avgv‡K †h GKevi IB cPv Mwj‡Z †h‡Z n‡e| Avgvi K‡qKUv wRwbm, wKQz Kvco-Rvgv me‡Zv ILv‡bB Av‡Q| _vK& Ime ILv‡bB _vK&| Avb‡Z n‡e bv| KvjB †`vKv‡b wM‡q †Zvi cQ›`gZ Kvco-Rvgv me wK‡b wb‡q Avme| GLb PjZ gv, nvRiv cv‡K©i mvg‡b †_‡K GKUv U¨vw· wb‡q evwo P‡j hvB, GLv‡b Avgvi GKUzI fvj jvM‡Q bv| ZvB Pj, AvgviI GLv‡b fvj jvM‡Q bv| `yÕR‡bB dzUcvZ a‡i GwM‡q Pjj| `gKj Awd‡mi mvg‡b G‡mB †RVz ejjÑ GK KvR Ki‡j †Kgb nq, ZzB †Zv Rvwbm, Avwg wb‡RB ivbœv K‡i LvB| AvR †Zv ivbœvevbœv wKQz Kiv nqwb| GB iv‡Z evwo wM‡q Avevi ivbœv Kiv wVK †cvlv‡e bv, Zvi †P‡q †`vKvb †_‡K `yÕR‡bi gZ Lvevi wK‡b wb‡q †M‡j †Kgb nq| Kvj †_‡K bv nq evc‡ewUi msmvi bZzb K‡i ïiæ n‡e| Lye fvj nq †RVz, Zzwg eis ZvB Ki| Zvn‡j GK KvR Ki, ZzB GLv‡b `uvov, GB euvw`‡Ki iv¯ÍvUvq GKUz Xz‡K GwM‡q †M‡jB ivwb ksKix †j‡bi gy‡LB GKUv fvj †i÷z‡i›U Av‡Q, Avwg ILvb †_‡K `yÕR‡bi gZ jywP Avi Klv gvsm wb‡q Avwm| †ewk †`wi n‡e bv, `k wgwb‡UB wd‡i Avme| Avwg eywS GZÿY iv¯Ívq `uvwo‡q _vKe? Zv n‡e bv| †jv‡K wK fve‡e?... bv evev, GB mv‡R Avwg †`vKv‡bI hve bv| Avwg eis mvg‡bi evm÷‡c `uvovB †jv‡K fve‡e evm aivi Rb¨ `uvwo‡q Av‡Q| Zzwg wKš‘ †`wi †Kv‡iv bv †RVz| †`wi †Kb Kie, LveviUv c¨vK& K‡i w`‡Z †hUzK mgq jv‡M| †RVz euvw`‡K nwik gyLvwR© †iv‡W Xz‡K †Mj| †`eviwZI cv‡q cv‡q evm ÷‡c‡Ri w`‡K GwM‡q †Mj| my›`i SK&S‡K †mW ˆZwi n‡q‡Q, GgbUv‡Zv Av‡M wQj bv| mwZ¨ A‡bK wKQzB e`‡j †M‡Q| †`eviwZI wK e`jvqwb! GB †`eviwZ bvgUv, GUvI †Zv †RVziB †`Iqv| wK fvjB bv evmZ| †RVz wPiKvjB Lye big g‡bi gvbyl| ZLb KZ Avi eqm n‡e Qq wK mvZ, wVK g‡b co‡Q bv|.... †RwVgwY nVvr wK GKUv Amy‡L gviv †Mj| †RVz wKš‘ Abvqv‡m Avevi we‡q K‡i msmvix n‡Z cviZ, wKšÍy K‡iwb| evevUv †hb †Kgb, †RVz‡K KLbB fvj †Pv‡L †`LZ bv| Avm‡j evev g‡b nq †RVz‡K wns‡m KiZ| †RVz Lye fvj Mvb MvB‡Z cviZ| cvovi †jv‡KivI †RVz‡K Lye fvjevmZ| †`L‡Z †`L‡Z †Kgb mewKQz e`‡j †Mj| Avwg Ni Qvovi Av‡M hw` †RVzi m‡½ †`Lv KiZvg.... wKš‘ GZÿY n‡q †Mj... †RVz Avm‡Q bv †Kb? `kwgwbU A‡bKÿY Av‡MB cvi n‡q †M‡Q... g‡b nq AvaNÈv n‡Z Pjj| A‰ah© n‡q c‡o †`eviwZ| Av‡iv cÖvq AvaNÈv ˆa‡h©i cixÿv †`evi ci †`eviwZ fvejÑ Z‡e wK †RVz cvwj‡q †Mj! Av‡e‡Mi e‡k ZLb nq‡Zv Avgv‡K wb‡q hvevi K_v †f‡ewQj| c‡i †`Lj GB DU‡Kv Sv‡gjv Nv‡o †bevi †Kvb gv‡b nq bv, ZvB Lvevi †Kbvi evnvbvq cvwj‡q †eu‡P‡Q| hvK wK Avi Kiv AvgviB Kcvj Lvivc, ey‡ovUv‡K wek¦vm KivB fzj n‡q‡Q| ey‡ovUv wbðqB Ab¨ †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q Mwj‡Z Xz‡KwQj| Avi e‡m _vKvi †Kvb gv‡b nq bv, ZvB D‡V coj †`eviwZ| fvej GKevi

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Ñ ZigyR PvI! bv †mwU n‡e bv| K…lK ejj| Ñ GwU †Zvgvi Kx Kv‡R jvM‡e? ivRv wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| Ñ Avwg ZigyRwU ivRvgkvB‡K Dcnvi wn‡m‡e w`‡Z PvB, K…lK DËi w`j| Ñ wKš‘ ivRv hw` GwU cQ›` bv K‡ib? Ñ Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e ivRv GwU‡K wPb‡Z cv‡ibwb, K…lK AeÁvi ¯^‡i ejj| Gici ivRv P‡j †M‡jb Ges K…lK Avevi Nywg‡q coj| ciw`b mKvj| K…lK XvDm gvK©v ZigyRwU wb‡q ivRcÖvmv‡` nvwRi| K…lK ivRv‡K wPb‡Z cvij| wKš‘ †m Ggb fvb Kij †h wKQzB N‡Uwb| Kzwb©k K‡i †m ejj, ÔivRvgkvB, Avwg Avcbvi Rb¨ GKwU ZigyR G‡bwQ| iv‡R¨i g‡a¨B GwUB me‡P‡q eo ZigyR| Avcbvi GwU cQ›` n‡e|Õ Ñ ûg! gv_v bvo‡jb ivRv| wKš‘ GwU hw` Avwg cQ›` bv Kwi! Ñ G cÖ‡kœi DËi Avcbvi fvj K‡iB Rvbv Av‡Q ivRv gkvB| K…lK ejj| gyPwK nvm‡jb ivRv| wVK Av‡Q| Avwg †Zvgvi ZigyRwU MÖnY Kijvg| Ggb my›`i Dcnvi Avwg B‡Zvc~‡e© KLbI cvBwb| ivRv K…lK‡K cÖPzi cyi¯‹vi w`‡jb| Avi †mwU ïay Zvi Dcnv‡ii Rb¨ bq| †mwU Zvi f`ªZv Avi Dcw¯’Z eyw×i Rb¨| fvlvšÍi e`iæ †gvnv¤§` Lv‡jKz¾vgvb

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wZwb g‡b K‡ib, Av‡g`vev‡` wKQzw`b _vKvi ci †gR`v`v g‡b Ki‡jb, we‡`k‡K hviv †`‡ki im w`‡Z cv‡i †mB iKg †g‡q‡`i m‡½ iwe‡K wgwj‡q w`‡Z cvi‡j nq‡Zv NiQvov gb Avivg cv‡e| Bs‡iwR fvlv wkLevi †mB n‡e mnR Dcvq| gy¤^B‡qi †h evwo‡Z wZwb AvkÖq MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb †m evwoi GKwU †g‡q, Aek¨B AvbvÑ GLbKviKv‡ji cov‡kvbv, SKS‡K K‡i †g‡R G‡bwQj Zuvi wkÿv we‡jZ †_‡K| Avbv we‡jZ wM‡qwQ‡jb iwei `yÕeQi Av‡M 1876 wLª÷v‡ã| iwe 1878-G we‡j‡Z wZwb Avb©m f¨v‡j †mwgUwi‡Z mgvwnZ ivRv ivg‡gvnb iv‡qi cÖwZ kÖ×v Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb 1876-Gi 26 AvM÷| AMÖeZ©x widwg©÷ ivRv ivg‡gvnb iv‡qi cÖwZ Avbv I Zuvi evev kÖ×v Rvbv‡bvi c‡i wfwWUm© ey‡K ¯^vÿiI K‡iwQ‡jb| Gic‡i iwe wj‡L‡Qb, Avgvi we‡`¨ mvgvb¨B, Avgv‡K †njv Ki‡j †`vl †`Iqv †h‡Z cviZ bv| Zv K‡ibwb| cuyw_MZ we`¨v djvevi gZ cuywR wQj bv, ZvB mywe‡a †c‡jB iwe Rvwb‡q w`‡Zb KweZv wjLevi nvZ i‡q‡Q Zuvi| Av`i Av`vq Kievi †mUvB wQj me‡P‡q eo g~jab| Avbv iwei KwecÖwZfv‡K †g‡c †`Lvi `iKvi g‡b K‡ibwb| webv ev‡K¨ †g‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb| iwei ÔKwe KvwnbxÕ hLb bZzb`v`vi D‡`¨v‡M cÖKvwkZ nq ZLb wZwb we‡j‡Z| Avbv eBwUi GK Kwc Dcnvi wn‡m‡e cvIqvi c‡i bZzb`v`v‡K GKwU wPwV †j‡Lb 1878 wLª÷v‡ãi 26 b‡f¤^‡i| ejv evûj¨, ÔKweKvwnbxÕi cÖvq me KweZvB bZzb`v`vi D‡`¨v‡M fviZx‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| Avbv †RvwZwi›`ªbv_‡K GB wPwV‡Z †j‡Lb, fviZxi c„ôv †_‡K ÔKweKvwnbxÕi KweZv iwe Zuv‡K cvV K‡i †kvbv‡Zb| Bs‡iwR Abyev` K‡i Zv Avbv‡K eywS‡q w`‡Zb| iwei Kv‡Q Zuvi evsjv wkÿvi m~PbvI n‡qwQj| we‡jZhvÎvi Av‡M fviZxi †mB we‡kl msL¨v¸wj Avbv‡K iwe Dcnvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| †RvwZwi›`ªbv_‡K †jLv Avbvi wPwV: Bombay 65, Kandevadi Novr, 26th [1878] Dear sir, I have to apologise to you for having kept your kind letter of the 11th inst., with the copy of ÔKweKvwnbxÕ unacknowledged so long; but various causes, in the shape of illness, have combined to hinder me from doing so till the present moment, and even as I write this, I have fever upon me.

Thank you very much indeed for sending me the entire publication of ÔKweKvwnbxÕ though I have the poem myself in the number’ of ÔfviZxÕ, in which it was first published, and which Mr. Tagore was good enough to give me before going away; and have had it read and translated to me, till I know the poem almost by heart.

You are under a misapprehension when you suppose that I have “learnt” Bengali. I was only a beginner, for ill-health has come in the way of my studies, and I have had to cease continuing them.

Believe me Yours sincerely Ana Turkhud.

Avbvi GB wPwV cÖ_g Rxe‡bi KL‡bv †`‡LwQ‡jb wKbv Zv ejv KwVb| wKš‘ Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡šÍ DcbxZ nIqvi c‡i mRbxKvšÍ `v‡mi †mŠR‡b¨ wPwVwU †`Lvi c‡i iwe w¯’i n‡q wKQzÿY Pzc K‡i iB‡jb| Zvici cyÎ i_x‡K †W‡K cvVv‡jb| wPwVwU cy·K †`wL‡q ej‡jb, †Zvgiv hw` iex›`ª hv`yNi Ki‡Z PvI, GB cÎwU‡K me©vwaK †MŠi‡ei

42

†deªæqvwi 2018

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