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INTERNATIONAL EDITION
U.S., Israel split over ways to deter Iran New York Times Service
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109TH YEAR I ©2012 THE MIAMI HERALD
Prominent Spain judge convicted of misusing authority
BY MARK LANDLER AND DAVID E. SANGER
WASHINGTON — Amid mounting tensions over whether Israel will carry out a military strike against Iran’s nuclear program, the United States and Israel remain at odds over a fundamental question: Whether Iran’s crucial nuclear facilities are about to become impregnable. Israel’s defense minister, Ehud Barak, coined the phrase “zone of immunity” to define the circumstances under which Israel would judge it could no longer hold off from an attack because Iran’s effort to produce a bomb would be invulnerable to any strike. But judging when that moment will arrive has set off an intense debate with the Obama administration, whose officials counter that there are other ways to make Iran vulnerable. Senior Israeli officials, including the foreign minister and leader of the Mossad, have traveled to Washington in recent weeks to make the case that this point is fast approaching. U.S. officials have made reciprocal visits to Jerusalem, arguing that Israel and the West have more time and should allow sanctions and covert actions to deter Iran’s plans. U.S. officials have also used the discussions to test their belief, based on a series of public statements by Israeli officials, that an Israeli strike against Iran could come as early as spring, according to an official familiar with the discussions. U.S. President Barack Obama tried to defuse arguments for military action in a telephone call last month with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, the substance of which was confirmed by an Obama administration official who spoke only on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to describe the conversation. While the two men have had an often contentious relationship over Middle East diplomacy, U.S. officials emerged from that exchange persuaded that Netanyahu was willing to give economic sanctions and other steps time to work. The difference of opinion over Iran’s nuclear “immunity” is critical because it plays into not just the timing — or bluffing — about a possible military strike, but the calculations about how deeply and quickly
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2012
BY DANIEL WOOLLS Associated Press
blue T-shirt. “I’m not afraid. I’m fast, and I really like it. I want to be great like [Olympic and professional champion Yuriorkis] Gamboa, the boxer I admire most, and win lots of medals like [Felix] Savon.” It’s not uncommon for children this age to enter the ring these days. The International Boxing Association sanctions competitive boxing for 15 years and up, but lets national federations set their own rules for younger children. A spokeswoman for USA Boxing said
MADRID — The Spanish judge celebrated for pursuing international human rights cases was convicted of overstepping his jurisdiction in a domestic corruption probe Thursday and barred from the bench for 11 years, completing a spectacular fall from grace for one of Spain’s most prominent people. A seven-judge panel of the Supreme Court convicted Baltasar Garzon unanimously. He is 56, so the punishment could effectively end his career in Spain. Garzon acted arbitrarily in ordering jailhouse wiretaps of detainees talking to their lawyers, the court said, adding that his actions “these days are only found in totalitarian regimes.” I r o n i c a l l y, Garzon is best known for indicting a to- GARZON talitarian ruler, former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, in 1998, and trying to put him on trial in Madrid for crimes against humanity. Garzon acted under the principle of universal jurisdiction — the idea that some crimes are so heinous they can be prosecuted anywhere. He and colleagues at the National Court went on to champion this doctrine and try to apply it to abuses in such far-flung places as Rwanda and Tibet. Garzon also indicted terror mastermind Osama bin Laden in 2003 over the Sept. 11 attacks in the United States. Garzon enjoyed rockstar status among rights groups at home and abroad but made many enemies in Spain, especially among judicial colleagues uncomfortable with his celebrity and allegedly cornercutting tactics in legal procedures and among conservative politicians who say he is more interested in fame than justice. He is still awaiting a verdict in a separate trial on the same charge —
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Abraham Fernandez, right, fights Andy Lopez during a championship tournament at the Rafael Trejos boxing gym in Havana. JAVIER GALEANO/AP
FISTS OF THE FUTURE Cuba looks to youth to recover faded boxing glory BY ANNE-MARIE GARCIA Associated Press
HAVANA — Lazaro Perez jabs rhythmically at his rival in a steamy Havana gym, dancing, feinting and punctuating each blow with a grunt. After the final bell, he thrusts a weary arm skyward in triumph, and a proud smile spreads across a face still years from feeling a razor’s scrape. Perez has just become Havana’s first under-75-pound boxing champion in a new age category for 9- and 10-year-olds. Boxing-mad Cuba is putting its athletes in the ring earlier
than ever. The idea is that those who start young will have a critical edge in the sport’s motions and techniques when they start competing more seriously down the road. It’s part of a top-to-bottom shake-up aimed at restoring Cuban boxing to its former glory after the national squad returned from the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing without a gold medal for the first time in 40 years. “I started boxing to follow in my father’s footsteps,” said Perez, a small and wiry 9-yearold in black boxing shorts and
Supporter with deep pockets pivotal to Santorum’s surge BY JIM RUTENBERG AND NICHOLAS CONFESSORE New York Times Service
RODRIQUE NGOWI/AP
Students try free samples of AeroShot on the campus of Northeastern University in Boston.
Getting caffeine fix as easy as taking a breath BY RODRIQUE NGOWI Associated Press
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — Move over, coffee and Red Bull. A Harvard professor thinks the next big thing will be people inhaling their caffeine from a lipstick-sized tube. Critics say the novel product is not without its risks. The product, called AeroShot, went on the market late last month
in Massachusetts and New York, and is also available in France. A single unit costs $2.99 at convenience, mom-and-pop, liquor and online stores. Biomedical engineering professor David Edwards said AeroShot is safe and does not contain common additives, like taurine, used to amplify the caffeine effect in common energy drinks. Each grey-and-
U.S. BLOCKS LAWYERS FROM QUESTIONING YEMEN’S LEADER, 5A
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yellow plastic canister contains 100 milligrams of caffeine powder, about the amount in a large cup of coffee, plus B vitamins. But Democratic U.S. Sen. Charles Schumer of New York wants the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to review AeroShot, saying he fears it will be used as a • TURN TO CAFFEINE, 2A
U.S. BLOCKS LAWYERS FROM QUESTIONING YEMEN’S LEADER, 6A
millions in mutual funds and now lives in Wyoming, he is the chief backer of a super PAC that has helped keep Santorum’s candidacy alive by running television advertisements on his behalf. His role as outside funder — one that Friess indicated he would continue to play in the contests ahead — escalates the battle among a few dozen wealthy Republicans to influence their party’s choice of a presidential nominee. They are exploiting changes to campaign laws and regulations that have allowed wealthy individuals and businesses to pool unlimited contributions into super PACs that in turn have inundated the airwaves with negative advertisements. Friess’ chosen outlet, called the Red, White and Blue Fund, provided critical support for Santorum as he successfully sought to resuscitate his campaign with victories in Tuesday’s contests. At a time
Mitt Romney and Foster Friess, a wealthy donor to conservative causes, were walking out of an event together a few months ago when Friess broke the news: After backing Romney for president four years ago, he was getting behind Rick Santorum this time around. “He couldn’t quite figure out why Rick was even bothering to go through the effort,” Friess recalled in an interview Wednesday. “I mean, I don’t mean to fault him for saying, ‘Why take Rick seriously?’ Nobody took Rick seriously.” Many more Republicans are taking Santorum seriously now, thanks to his victories in Minnesota, Missouri and Colorado on Tuesday — and perhaps none more than Romney, for whom Santorum’s unexpected rise poses another threat from the right. Few people played a more pivotal role in Tuesday’s turn of events than Friess. An investor who made • TURN TO SANTORUM, 5A
GREECE REACHES DEAL WITH TROIKA ON NEW CUTBACKS, BUSINESS FRONT
SANCHEZ VICARIO SAYS PARENTS SQUANDERED HER WINNINGS, SPORTS FRONT
INDEX NEWS EXTRA .............3A THE AMERICAS............4A OPINION........................7A COMICS & PUZZLES ...6B
2/10/2012 5:10:06 AM
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