Digital Design - Module 02 Semester 1, 2019 Peiyao Li
940463 Joel Collins + Studio 21
Critical Reading: Kolerevic B. 2003. Architecture in the Digital Age
Kolerevic described three fundamental types of fabrication techniques in the reading. Outline the three techniques and discuss the potential of Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication with parametric modelling. (150 words max)
The three fundamental types of fabrication methods described by Kolerevic in the reading are subtractive, additive and formative. Subtractive fabrication subtract certain amount of material from solids. This method require the multi-axis milling to process. One example is lazer cutting. Additive fabrication forms 3D objects layers by layers. One example is 3D printing. Formative fabrication fabricates objects by applying mechanical forces, restricting forms, heat and/or steam. One protential of CNC fabrication with parametric modelling is to allow designers to see their final work before making it. This not only save time and materials, because it avoid many mistakes that were unforseen. Another potential is that it provides high level of accuracy which hand drawing cannot compete with.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation
Box Maker & Line Generator The pattern of my two surfaces is consutructed by “Triangular Panels A“ and “Triangular Panels B“.
The 2D part of the surface constructed by Triangular Panels A is made up of triangular panels with triangular holes. Triming is done by “Surface Split“ which splits panels with triangular curves. I controll the size of curves by estract panels/a panel by naming their/its index with “List Items“ and change their size part by part with a number slider.
The 2D part of the surface constructed by Triangular Panels B is made up of circular holes. Triming is also done by “Surface Split“ which splits panels with curves created through “Circle“. The size of curves is controlled by “Curve Closest Point“.
I use “Dispatch“ to seperate each surface into two parts equally. One is 2D, and the other is 3D.
The 3D part of the surface constructed by Triangular Panels A is made up of pyramides. I also seperate the position of offseted grids in “Sub Grid“. The height of pyramides is modified by “move“ them on the direction of “Unit Z“ with different amount. The surface is created by “Brep Join“ every “4Point Surface“.
The 3D part of the surface constructed by Triangular Panels B is also made up of pyramides. I seperate the position of offseted grids in “Sub Grid“. The height of pyramides is modified by “move“ them on the direction of “Unit Y“ with different amount. I “Brep Join“ again to join the “4Point Surface“s.
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Athough the two surfaces of this iteration aren’t symmetrical, the space between them is when the viewer look at it from the northwest direction.
In this case, I twisted the surface to create an interesting look. However, I found this one to be over twisted that it is hard to build waffle based on it.
In this iteration, I laid one surface on the other, and their upper edge touched . This is to push the limit of compression of the space in between.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation
One reason I use this iteration at the end is because these two surfaces are highly developable. They are twisted to certain degree, so it won’t be too boring to look at. The flatness they have allow me to clearly show the structure of panels. The other reason is about the concept. I found that many iterations I made looks interesting but barely have any theme inside. For this one, I am looking to build an pavillion. The space between the two surfaces forms a tunnel which has two thresholds. The two entrances are in a triangular shape. The only difference is the one top is closed, the other one isn’t.
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Isometric View
Both these two surfaces are composed of half 2D and half 3D. Both of the 3D part are pyramides. Their height controlled by parameters, and their height changes from low to high both from the ground to upper left/right corner. This is to make both of the surfaces look smooth and fluid as a whole. The 2D parts are panels which trimed triangles or circles with size(or radians) also modified by parameters. Like I said, I design this module as a pavillion. Therefore the hollow structure is to works as windows so the people inside and look out, and the lights can come through.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Laser Cutting
I did what I learnt from FoD:R to unroll the surfaces. There is two kinds of lines I use: dashed for Etch, normal for Cut. However, surface with dashed Etch turns out to be hard to fold clear edges. So, I use continuous line to print etch, and it works ok. I wanted to name each group of panels on its tabs. While it would be too small to see, therefore I put the number outside the panels, and use pensil to write them on the inner side of them. This issue does not happen when it comes to unroll waffle. I was going to reduce the amounts, but I am afraid that would influence the stability.
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Module 2.1 - Task 1 Lofts
1.1
1.2
1.3
Key
1.4
{0,0,0}
{150,0,150}
{150,0,150}
{150,0,150}
{150,0,150} {120,0,150}
{135,0,150}
Att
Gr Ch
{150,105,150} {150,150,150}
{150,150,150}
{0,0,150}
{15,150,150}
{150,150,0}
{0,0,0}
{30,0,150}
Paneling Grid & Attractor Points/Curves
2.1
Paneling
3.1
{0,150,90}
{150,150,0}
{150,150,0}
{0,15,0}
2.2
{150,0,0}
{150,150,0}
{0,0,0}
{30,150,0}
{30,150,0}
{0,0,0}
{0,150,0}
2.3
2.4
{9,194,0} {159,44,150}
is:
x Z-a
~2 -10
0
~2
0
-7
{65,30,92} {69,180,128}
Y-
ax
is:
{-5,161,11}
{-5,161,11} {9,194,0}
3.2
3.3
3.4
ule 2.1 - Task 1 1.3
Key
1.4
{0,0,0}
{150,0,150}
{150,0,150} {120,0,150}
{150,150,150}
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Att
Attractor / Control Points (X,Y,Z) Attractor / Control Curves Grid Points Changing prarameters on Y/Z axis
SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Matrix and Possibilities
I used to use Morph3D to creat 5X5 patterns. I found it over complicated surfaces can lost the fluidity of the surface. To balance between complex and simple, I use triangular panels A from LunchBox. By modifying the size of holes and height of pyramids, I finally achieve the effect that is simple and smooth.
In some of my iterations, I tried to use curves and attractive points to controll the offset grids. After many attempts, it still doesn’t offer me the effect that I want. Therefore, I use SubGrid + Move + Unit Z to gain the most controll of the location of offset grid.
Isometric 1: 1 0
20mm
60mm
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Photography of Model
My lazer cut model looks a bit different from screen. The pyramids does not all facing to one point as I set. I believed this is caused by my amateurish gluing techniques. I am very suprised by the triangular and circular holes on the Ivory Card which are so neat. I set up the photo booth in my apartment, and the background is A1 white paper bought in Officework. With the help of lighting, I discovered a new thing. As I mentioned, this module is designed as a pavilion. At first, I only think these holes can be the windows, so that people inside can look outside. After I made the module, I found that the lighting that go through the hole can create regular shades with the shape of triangles and circles. I believe that would to really cool to look at this scene from inside.
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Use “Domain Box” and “ Surface Domain Number“ to create the bounding box and basic point grid.
Generate the whole grid(4x4x4) by “Move“ the basic point grid(4x4) generated before.
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I use “Point Attraction“ with the grid. Then, form 3D grid
h four points to adjusted ds by “Cellulate 3D Grid“,
SOLID AND VOID Surface Creation
Find the centroids of the 3D grids.
Form rectangular boxes by moding the parameters of “Center Box“. “Scale“ the boxes void space can be less compressed. “Rotate“ the boxes, so the result can be less regular.
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SOLID AND VOID Isometric view
One major spacial qualities of my module is circulation. All the spaces combine with each other. We can easily move from one place to the other in the diagram. Ramdom distribution allows the maximum shape of the space. For example, it forms shape geometry that are almost tounched.
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Grid Manipulation
1.1
1.2
1.3
Key
1.4
{0,0,
{179,-145,0} {150,0,78} {178,-46,0} {68,325,207} {-30,-22,58}
{184,188,58}
{-8,-22,0}
{200,200,0}
{-22,-12,0} {-43,15,0} {68,192,6}
{155,296,0}
Centroid Distribution
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
{35,258,157}
{138,51,150}
{26,51,150}
{35,258,157} {138,51,0}
{26,51,0}
Unit Transformation
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Module 2 - Task 2 1.2
1.3
1.4
Key {0,0,0}
Attractor / Control Points (X,Y,Z) Attractor / Control Curves Grid Points
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{179,-145,0} {150,0,78}
{68,325,207}
SOLID AND VOID Matrix and Possibilities
After trying different scale, axis, and order, I eventually choose one that offers the best quality in 50x50x50. We can see from this isometric view of my module that the upper and lower plane with certain thinkness form the ceilling and ground of this space. The geometric in between becomes the bars that indicates the depths of the void.
Isometric 1: 0.5 0
10mm
30mm
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SOLID AND VOID
Photography of Model
The celling of my module is not closed. There, I set the light directly on this open ceiling to let the light come through and form shadows around the edge of my 3D print. The outer space in shade is in contrast with the light space in the middle. This is helpful for the viewer to feel the depth of the space inside 50x50x50.
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Appendix
Process: Building Waffle I was building the fins from top to down, and realize it won’t work. So, I change the method from down to top.
Final Waffle
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Appendix
Process: Building Panels
Lazer Cutted panels.
One group of lazer cutting panels.
Using clips to join the panels. (glue was applied afterwards)
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Appendix
Process: 3D Printing
Material Usage: PLA 15.56g Time Estimate: 2h 2mins
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